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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Field Science
An example of the use
of GIS in practice is illustrated here.
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The NEIC Geographic Information System (GIS) has been developed to meet the needs of civil and criminal projects. Several types of GIS software components are used at the NEIC including ESRI ArcGIS 9.1, ArcView 3.x, Image Analyst, Spatial Analyst, and 3D Analyst. A subscription to GlobeXplorer Image Connect service allows immediate access to digital aerial and satellite imagery that provides the investigator with important site information. NEIC's involvement with the EPA GIS Workgroup provides a network of resources for many types of geographic data at the federal, state, and local levels. NEIC's GIS capabilities allow investigators to effectively communicate important case elements in a spatial context.
A GIS incorporates thematic (pertaining to a theme) data which can be viewed as layers. One such layer can be a shapefile derived from a Global Positioning System.
The EPA received information that an 8,000 gallon tanker trailer, that possibly contained hazardous waste, was buried on a commercial property. Using global positioning system (GPS) mapping technology, geophysical survey with magnetometry, data processing of geophysical anomalies, and contractor-operated heavy equipment, the tanker was located, unearthed, and sampled. Without the collaborative efforts the discovery and unearthing of the tanker may not have occurred without excessive property damage, safety risks and high costs.