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Casper's Electronics Inc. Clean Air Act Fact Sheet
Casper's Electronics Fact Sheet (PDF) (2 pp, 70K, About PDF)
Overview: Casper’s
Electronics Inc., located in Mundelein Ill., is an “aftermarket” manufacturer
and distributor of electronic parts and equipment for
automobiles that markets its products nationwide
over the internet. Among the products manufactured and
sold by Casper's were “oxygen
sensor simulators” or “O2 Sims.” An “O2
Sim” is small device which is designed to be installed
as part of a car’s emission control system. O2 Sims
are illegal “defeat devices” under the Clean
Air Act because they “defeat” the operation
of a car’s emission control equipment.
Example of an Oxygen Simulator
or "O2 Sim"
sold by Casper's
Electronics, Inc.
An O2 Sim works by sending a false computer signal to the computer on a car or truck. The false signal prevents the “malfunction indicator light” (or “check engine” light) from illuminating when the catalytic converter malfunctions, is damaged or is missing. The malfunction light is part of a car’s “onboard diagnostic system,” and alerts the driver when there is a problem with the emission control system that needs to be repaired. A missing or damaged catalytic converter will result in much higher levels of pollutants in car exhaust.
Casper’s sold over 44,000 O2 Sims before further sales of these illegal “defeat devices” were halted as a result of EPA’s investigation and follow-up enforcement action. These devices were advertised for “off road use only” or “non-road use only.” However, the O2 Sims were designed and marketed to be used in regular production vehicles (“on road” or “on highway” vehicles), which is illegal under the Clean Air Act. In addition, while there are different control standards for “off road” vehicles (e.g., construction equipment) because of differences in the types of engines and applications, there is no general “off road” use exemption from the pollution control requirements of the Clean Air Act.
- Mandatory Recall and Repurchase Program: Casper’s is required to notify purchasers of its O2 Sims that the product is not legal to be sold or installed on automobiles, and to refund the purchase price to customers and distributors who return the O2 Sims to Casper's. Casper’s began the recall program before lodging of the Consent Decree.
- Destruction of O2 Sims: Casper’s is required to destroy all O2 Sims remaining in inventory, as well as all O2 Sims returned to Casper’s under the Recall and Repurchase Program.
- Prohibition on Future Manufacture or Sale: Casper’s is permanently prohibited from manufacturing, selling or distributing O2 Sims or other illegal defeat devices in the future. Casper’s voluntarily stopped its manufacture or sale of O2 Sims prior to lodging of the Consent Decree.
Emissions Impact: The estimated emissions impact from the O2 Sims sold by Casper’s over the life of the vehicles in which they were installed is:
- 7,400 tons of hydrocarbons (HC)
- 347,000 tons of carbon
monoxide (CO)
- 6,000 tons of nitrogen oxides (NOx)
The prohibition on future sales of O2 Sims will prevent additional excess emissions of HC, CO and NOx.
Health Effects: HC and NOx are both contributors to the production of ground-level ozone, or smog, which can trigger serious respiratory problems. NOx also contributes to the formation of acid rain and to global warming, among other impacts. CO impairs the ability to breathe and is especially harmful to children, people with asthma and the elderly. More information on the health effects of air pollutants.
Penalty: Casper’s is required to pay a civil penalty and interest totaling $80,000. The penalty was substantially reduced from what Casper’s would have been liable for, based on Casper’s demonstrated inability to pay a larger penalty.