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Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans, and Designation of Areas for Air Quality Planning Purposes; Ohio
Note: EPA no longer updates this information, but it may be useful as a reference or resource.
[Federal Register: February 1, 1996 (Volume 61, Number 22)] [Rules and Regulations] [Page 3591-3599] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Parts 52 and 81 [OH60-1-6377a; FRL-5410-1] Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans, and Designation of Areas for Air Quality Planning Purposes; Ohio AGENCY: United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). ACTION: Direct final rule.
SUMMARY: The USEPA is approving the ozone State Implementation Plan (SIP) revision and redesignation requests submitted by the State of Ohio for the purpose of redesignating Franklin, Delaware, and Licking Counties (Columbus area) from marginal nonattainment to attainment for ozone; and revising Ohio's SIP to include a 1990 base-year ozone precursor emissions inventory for the Columbus ozone nonattainment area. Ground-level ozone, commonly known as smog, is an air pollutant which forms on hot summer days which harmfully affects lung tissue and breathing passages. The redesignation to attainment of the health-based ozone air quality standard is based on a request from the State of Ohio to redesignate this area and approve its maintenance plan, and on the supporting data the State submitted in support of the requests. Under the Clean Air Act, designations can be changed if sufficient data are available to warrant such change, and a maintenance plan is put in place which is designed to ensure the area maintains the ozone air quality standard for the next ten years. The emissions inventory was submitted to satisfy a Federal requirement that States containing ozone nonattainment areas submit [[Page 3592]]
inventories of actual ozone precursor emissions for the year 1990. Data from emission inventories aide States in developing plans to meet and/ or maintain the ozone air quality standard. DATES: The ``direct final'' is effective on April 1, 1996, unless USEPA receives adverse or critical comments by March 4, 1996. If the effective date is delayed, timely notice will be published in the Federal Register. ADDRESSES: Copies of the revision request and USEPA's analysis (Technical Support Document) are available for inspection at the following address: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Air and Radiation Division, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. (It is recommended that you telephone William Jones at (312) 886-6058 before visiting the Region 5 Office.) Written comments should be sent to: J. Elmer Bortzer, Chief, Regulation Development Section, Regulation Development Branch (AR-18J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: William Jones at (312) 886-6058. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On November 15, 1990, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 were enacted (CAA). Pub. L. 101-549, codified at 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q. Pursuant to Section 107(d)(4)(A) of the CAA, Franklin, Delaware, and Licking Counties (Columbus area) were designated as nonattainment for ozone, see 56 FR 56694 (November 6, 1991). At the same time, the Columbus area was classified as a marginal ozone nonattainment area. I. Emissions Inventories Section 182(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (Act) requires States with ozone nonattainment areas to submit a comprehensive, accurate and current inventory of actual ozone precursor emissions [which include volatile organic compounds (VOC), nitrogen oxides (NO<INF>X), and carbon monoxide (CO)] for each ozone nonattainment area by November 15, 1992. This inventory must include anthropogenic base-year (1990) emissions from stationary point, area, non-road mobile, and on-road mobile sources, as well as biogenic (naturally occurring) emissions in all ozone nonattainment areas. The emissions inventory must be based on conditions that exist during the peak ozone season (generally the period when peak hourly ozone concentrations occur in excess of the primary ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard--NAAQS). Ohio's annual ozone season is from April 1 to October 31. A. Criteria for Evaluating Ozone Emissions Inventories Guidance for preparing and reviewing the emission inventories is provided in the following USEPA guidance documents or memoranda: ``State Implementation Plans; General Preamble for the Implementation of Title I of the Act,'' (Preamble) published in the April 16, 1992 Federal Register (57 FR 13498); ``Emission Inventory Requirements for Ozone State Implementation Plans,'' (EPA-450/4-91-010) dated March 1991; a memorandum from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality Management Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, entitled ``Public Hearing Requirements for the 1990 Base-Year Emissions Inventories for Ozone and Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Areas,'' dated September 29, 1992; ``Procedures for the Preparation of Emissions Inventories for Carbon Monoxide and Precursors of Ozone, Volumes I and II,'' (EPA-450/4-91-016 and EPA-450/4-91-014) dated May 1991; ``Procedures for Emissions Inventories Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources,'' (EPA-450/4-81-026d) dated 1992; and ``Supplement C to Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources,'' (AP-42) dated September 1990. As a primary tool for the review of the quality of emission inventories, the USEPA has also developed three levels (I, II, and III) of emission inventories checklists. The Level I and II checklists are used to determine that all required components of the base-year emission inventory and associated documentation are present. These reviews also evaluate the level of quality of the associated documentation and the data provided by the State and assess whether the emission estimates were developed according to the USEPA guidance. The Level III review evaluates crucial aspects and the overall acceptability of the emission inventory submittal. Failure to meet one of the ten crucial aspects would lead to disapproval of the emissions inventory submittal.
Detailed Level I and II review procedures can be found in the USEPA guidance document entitled ``Quality Review Guidelines for 1990 Base Year Emissions Inventories,'' (Quality Review) (EPA-454/R-92-007) dated August 1992. Level III criteria were attached to a memorandum from John S. Seitz, Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, entitled ``Emission Inventory Issue,'' dated June 24, 1993. The Level I, II, and III checklists used in reviewing this emissions inventory submittal are attached to a USEPA technical support document (TSD) dated October 3, 1995. B. State Submittal On March 15, 1994, the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) submitted a revision to the ozone portion of Ohio's SIP which consisted of the 1990 base-year ozone emissions inventory for the following ozone nonattainment areas in Ohio: Canton, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, Toledo and Youngstown. The emissions inventory for the Columbus area was deemed complete on September 13, 1994. The USEPA has completed its review of the emissions inventory submitted for the Columbus ozone nonattainment area. The 1990 base-year emissions inventories submitted for all other areas are addressed in separate rulemakings. Inventory Preparation Plan/Quality Assurance Plan All States were required to submit an Inventory Preparation Plan (IPP) to USEPA for review and approval by October 1, 1991. The IPP documents the procedures utilized in the development of an emissions inventory and contains the quality assurance and quality control plan (QA/QC). On March 19, 1992, the State of Ohio submitted a final ozone emissions IPP. On April 15, 1992, USEPA informed the State that the IPP was not approvable at the time. The USEPA has worked with the State since that time in order to correct deficiencies in the IPP. With the March 1994 SIP revision request, the State submitted documentation as to how the emissions inventory was prepared, as well as a quality assurance report for the point, area, and mobile source portions of the emissions inventory. The USEPA finds that this documentation and quality assurance reports are acceptable to meet the requirements of an IPP. Point Source Emissions Inventory The State submitted a point source emissions inventory of all facilities that emit at least 10 tons per year (tpy) of VOC, or 100 tpy NO<INF>X or CO in the nonattainment area. The State also included sources that emit 100 tpy of VOC, CO, or NO<INF>X located in a 25-mile boundary surrounding the nonattainment area. The point source emissions inventory contains general facility information, number of sources, production schedules and related emissions for each source, emissions limitation, control efficiency and rule [[Page 3593]]
effectiveness (RE), as applicable, and total emissions on an annual and daily ozone season basis. (Rule effectiveness is a factor designed to take into account the assumption that control equipment does not operate at 100 percent all of the time of source operation, due to maintenance, malfunction, etc.)
The following methods were employed by the State to identify sources to be included in the 1990 base-year emissions inventory: the 1989 records for plants in the Emissions Inventory System (EIS) were checked and plants meeting the VOC, CO or NO<INF>X criteria were updated with 1990 emissions data; the air permit records were reviewed for plants that may be candidates for inclusion in the point source inventory; and current industrial directories and the Toxic Release Information System (TRIS) database were checked for additional sources. For facilities in the point source inventory, the State acquired the emissions data by means of the following: mail surveys; plant inspections; telephone calls; and air permit files. The USEPA reviewed the point source emissions data by cross referencing the point source inventory to the following sources: (1) USEPA's guidance document entitled ``Major CO, NO<INF>2, and VOC Sources in the 25-Mile Boundary Around Ozone Nonattainment Areas, Volume I: Classified Ozone Nonattainment Areas,'' (EPA-450/4-92-005a) February 1992; a 1990 TRIS Retrieval; and a 1990 Aerometric Inventory Retrieval System (AIRS) Facility Subsystem (AFS) AFS--Emission to Compliance Comparison Report. The State was notified of any potentially missing sources or discrepancies in their reported emissions and provided any corrections necessary.
Where a source was governed by a regulation or a control device, the emissions limit was stated. A RE factor was then applied in the determination of emissions. In accordance with USEPA guidance, a standard RE factor of 80 percent was utilized unless otherwise justified.
Area Source Emissions Inventory
Area source emissions were calculated using State-specific data as well as USEPA guidance documents and technical memoranda developed for various categories. The State utilized emission factors from ``Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories of Carbon Monoxide and Precursors of Ozone, Volume I: General Guidance for Stationary Sources, and IV: Mobile Sources,'' and AP-42 and provided necessary documentation. The following area source categories were included in the emissions inventory: Gasoline loading and distribution, dry cleaning, degreasing, architectural surface coatings, traffic markings, automobile refinishing, graphic arts, cutback asphalt, pesticide application, commercial/consumer solvents, bakeries, waste management practices (landfills), leaking underground storage tanks, incineration of solid waste, stationary fossil fuel combustion, and fires (structural, open burn, etc.). Vehicle refueling emissions were included as part of the mobile source emissions inventory. The area source inventory was reviewed utilizing USEPA's guidance documents, and the Level I and II checklists, to ensure that all source categories and their related emissions (and emission factors) were included in the area source emissions inventory. Seasonal adjustments, rule effectiveness, and rule penetration factors were applied as indicated in the State submittal.
On-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventory In the development of the mobile source emissions inventory, the State of Ohio utilized USEPA's mobile source emissions model, Mobile 5a, for the determination of the emission factors for all eight vehicle types. Hard-copy documentation of the input and output files were provided in the submittal. Where available, State-specific inputs were utilized in the development of the input files for Mobile 5a. The 1990 vehicle miles travelled (VMT) for each of the twelve roadway types were developed by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). ODOT maintains data on each section of highway in the State of Ohio. VMT values were developed by ODOT and entered in the State Road Inventory System (SRIS). The data from the SRIS was reported to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) by utilizing the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS).
The daily VMT (dVMT) for each roadway section was computed as the annual average daily traffic (AADT) count for that section multiplied by the length of the section. The total county DVMT is the sum of the dVMTs for each of the twelve highway classifications in the county. The total county DVMTS are then summed to determine the statewide total DVMTS.
In order to determine consistency between the SRIS and the HPMS, the statewide total DVMTS are then compared by functional class to the HPMS submittal. For those classifications where traffic counts are available for all or nearly all their sections, the totals between the two systems were essentially the same. For those with more off-systems roads, the resulting SRIS totals were larger than the HPMS's submittal value (as expected). Correction factors were computed from the two sets of totals and applied to the individual cells. ODOT used permanent and portable vehicle classification equipment to develop the vehicle mix by functional classification of highway. Traficomp III vehicle classification equipment are used to support the HPMS data collection effort. A software program called OHIO CONVERT formats vehicle classification data into the FHWA Vehicle Classification categories.
Off-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventory The State developed emissions estimates for the following off-road categories according to USEPA guidance: aircraft, railroad locomotives, recreational boating, off-road motorcycles, agricultural equipment, construction equipment, industrial equipment, and lawn and garden equipment. Documentation was provided as to the sources of emissions factors utilized and were submitted in the area source emissions inventory portion of the submittal.
The off-road mobile source inventory was reviewed utilizing the Level I and II checklists and USEPA's guidance documents to ensure that all source categories and their related emissions factors were included in the off-road mobile source emissions inventory. Biogenic Emissions Inventory
The State of Ohio determined the biogenic emissions for the Columbus area according to a USEPA's guidance document entitled ``User's Guide to the Personal Computer Version of the Biogenic Emissions Inventory System (PC-BEIS),'' (EPA-450/4-91-017) dated July, 1991. Meteorological data utilized in PC-BEIS was collected in accordance with USEPA guidance. Data from the ten warmest days from the period between 1988 to 1990 with the highest hourly peak ozone concentrations in each ozone nonattainment area was collected and reviewed. As required by USEPA guidance, the fourth highest daily maximum ozone concentration for each nonattainment area was selected and utilized in the model. The State provided hard copy documentation as to the meteorological inputs utilized and PC-BEIS output files for the biogenic emissions inventory for the Columbus nonattainment areas. [[Page 3594]] C. Summary of Ozone Emissions Inventory A summary has been prepared of the emissions inventory for an average ozone summer weekday for the Columbus ozone nonattainment area as follows. The emissions are stated in tons per ozone season weekday: Table 1.--Columbus Ozone Nonattainment Area, 1990 Base-Year Emissions Inventory [tons per day] Biogenic Sources....................... 105.92 -------------------------------- Point Mobile Point Mobile Date Action/Event New legislative authority will not be necessary for implementation. (RFP). Coordinate with appropriate agencies. Begin drafting rules for I/M program, procedures and guidelines. Serv. Commission. Agency Rule Review. RFP responses for centralized contract due. Controlling Board approval of contract(s) by end of month 7. analyzer certification, if necessary, and inspector certification training in the Columbus metropolitan area. training and analyzer certification services. services (ACS) and inspector certification training (ICT) due. ICT. stations. certifying four-gas analyzers. stations. including media blitz. centralized test stations. Reinspection stations begin to perform retests. test stations. Ohio--Ozone Designation Classification Date \1\ Type Date \1\ Type * * * * * * Columbus Area Delaware County............. April 1, 1996..... Attainment........ Franklin County............. April 1, 1996..... Attainment........ Licking County.............. April 1, 1996..... Attainment........ * * * * * * \1\This date is November 15, 1990, unless otherwise noted.