Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Animal Candidate
Review for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species
[Federal Register: November 15, 1994]
Part IV
Department of the Interior
Fish and Wildlife
50 CFR Part 17
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Animal Candidate Review
for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species; Proposed Rule
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
50 CFR Part 17
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Animal Candidate
Review for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice of review.
SUMMARY: In this notice the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service)
presents an updated compilation of vertebrate and invertebrate animal
taxa native to the United States that are being reviewed for possible
addition to the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife under the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). Such taxa are
generally referred to as listing candidates (candidates). The changes
in this document from previous animal notices of review primarily
involve: (1) the addition of new candidate taxa; (2) changes in
category for some candidates; (3) additions and deletions in State
historic distributions; and (4) changes in status trend for some
candidate taxa. Procedures initiated in the previous animal notice of
review (November 21, 1991, 56 FR 58804) that are being continued
include: (1) a category (PE or PT) for species that are currently
proposed for listing under the Act; (2) alphabetical organization by
scientific name of taxa under each major group heading (class or order)
identified in previous notices; (3) the omission of taxa that have been
identified as non-candidates in previous notices; and (4)
identification of a Fish and Wildlife Service Region with lead
responsibility for each taxon. While it is prudent to take candidate
taxa into account during environmental planning, neither the
substantive nor procedural provisions of the Act apply to a taxon that
is designated as a candidate. (Species that have been proposed for
listing are covered by the conference procedure of Section 7(a)(4) of
the Act).
Through the publication of this notice, the Service also requests
any additional status information that may be available. This
information will be considered in preparing listing documents and
future revisions and/or supplements to the notice of review. It will
also assist the Service in monitoring changes in the status of listing
candidates.
DATE: Comments are requested until the publication of an update of this
notice, anticipated in 1996.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons or organizations should submit comments
regarding particular taxa to the Regional Director of the Region
specified with each taxon as having the lead responsibility for that
taxon. Comments of a more general nature may be submitted to: Chief--
Division of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mail
Stop 452 ARLSQ, Washington, D.C. 20240. Written comments and materials
received in response to this notice will be available for public
inspection by appointment in the Regional Offices listed below.
Region 1.--California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington,
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Pacific Territories
of the United States.
Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Eastside
Federal Complex, 911 N.E. 11th Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97232-4181
(503-231-6241).
Region 2.--Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box
1306, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87103 (505-766-3972).
Region 3.--Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,
Ohio, and Wisconsin.
Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal
Building, Fort Snelling, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55111 (612-725-3276).
Region 4.--Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee,
Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1875
Century Boulevard, Atlanta, Georgia 30303 (404-679-7103).
Region 5.--Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine,
Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 300
Westgate Center Drive, Hadley, Massachusetts 01035-9589 (413-253-8615).
Region 6.--Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South
Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming.
Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box
25486, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225 (303-236-7398).
Region 7.--Alaska.
Regional Director (TE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 East
Tudor Street, Anchorage, Alaska 99501 (907-786-3605).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jamie Rappaport Clark, Chief, Division
of Endangered Species (703-358-2171) or Endangered Species
Coordinator(s) in the appropriate Regional Office(s) listed above.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) requires the
Secretary of the Interior (or Commerce according to vested program
responsibilities) to determine whether wildlife and plant species are
endangered or threatened, based on the best available scientific and
commercial data, after conducting a review of their status. In
regulations found at 50 CFR 424.15 the Service advises that it may
publish comprehensive notices of such review. These notices contain the
names of the species considered to be candidates for listing under the
Act and indicate whether sufficient scientific or commercial
information is available to warrant proposing to list them. They also
solicit additional information regarding any of the species mentioned.
The Service has for many years been gathering data on taxa of
animals native to the United States that appeared, at least at times,
to merit consideration for addition to the List of Endangered and
Threatened Wildlife. The accompanying table identifies many of these
taxa (including, by definition, biological subspecies and certain
distinct population segments of vertebrate animals) and assigns each
taxon to one of the categories described below. In revising this
compilation the Service relies on information from status surveys
conducted for candidate assessment and on other information from State
Heritage Programs, from other State and Federal Agencies (such as the
Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management), from knowledgeable
scientists, and from comments received in response to previous notices
of review.
Unless it is the subject of a current published proposed rule to
determine endangered or threatened status, none of these taxa receives
substantive or procedural protection pursuant to the Act (species that
are the subject of a final listing rule are removed from this table at
each periodic updating). The Act requires, however, monitoring the
status of certain candidate taxa to prevent their extinction while
awaiting listing decisions. The Service intends to monitor the status
of all listing candidates to the fullest extent possible, emphasizing
monitoring of species for which available scientific and commercial
information indicates imminent threat (see the listing priority
guidelines published September 21, 1983, 48 FR 43098).
Many of the taxa in the accompanying table were covered in the
Service's previous animal notices of review. The preceding animal
notice of review was published in the Federal Register of November 21,
1991 (56 FR 58804-58836). Previous to that a comprehensive animal
notice was published January 6, 1989 (54 FR 554-579), with minor
corrections on August 10, 1989 (54 FR 32833). Earlier comprehensive
reviews for vertebrate animals were published on September 18, 1985 (50
FR 37958-37967), and on December 30, 1982 (47 FR 58454-58460). An
initial comprehensive review for invertebrate animals was published May
22, 1984 (49 FR 21664-21675). This revised notice supersedes all
previous animal notices of review.
The Service has assigned lead responsibility to one of its Regional
Offices for each candidate species that occurs in more than one Service
Region. The comments received in response to the previous animal
notices of review have been provided for review to the Region having
lead responsibility for each candidate species mentioned in the
comment. The Service will likewise consider all information provided in
response to this notice of review in deciding whether or not to propose
species for listing and when to undertake necessary listing actions.
All comments received become part of the administrative record for the
species mentioned.
Some taxa covered by the previous notices have had final
determinations of endangered or threatened status and, therefore, are
not included in this notice of review (for the current U.S. Lists of
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants contact any of the
offices in the above ``ADDRESSES'' section). Also, former animal
candidates that have been assigned in previous notices to categories
3A, 3B or 3C (see definitions below) are not repeated here, except in
cases where subsequent category changes were necessary.
Current Notice
This notice reflects the Service's current judgment of the possible
vulnerability and status trends of native U.S. animal taxa. Taxa in the
notice are assigned to several status categories, noted in the
``Category'' column at the left side of the table.
Codes for the major status categories of taxa in the first column
of the table are explained below:
PE--Taxa already proposed to be listed as endangered.
PT--Taxa already proposed to be listed as threatened.
1--Taxa for which the Service has on file sufficient information on
biological vulnerability and threat(s) to support proposals to list
them as endangered or threatened species. Proposed rules have not yet
been issued because this action is precluded at present by other
listing activity. In accordance with the policy announced in a
statement published May 12, 1993 (58 FR 28034-28035), all species that
have been the subject of a petition determination of ``warranted but
precluded'' for listing are automatically assigned to Category 1 of the
next comprehensive notice of review unless they are proposed or
determined to be ``not warranted'' in the interim. Development and
publication of proposed rules on Category 1 taxa are anticipated,
however, and the Service encourages other Federal agencies to give
consideration to such taxa in environmental planning.
2--Taxa for which information now in the possession of the Service
indicates that proposing to list as endangered or threatened is
possibly appropriate, but for which persuasive data on biological
vulnerability and threat are not currently available to support
proposed rules. The Service emphasizes that these taxa are not being
proposed for listing by this notice, and there are no current plans for
such proposals until additional supporting information becomes
available. Further biological research and field study usually will be
necessary to ascertain the status of taxa in this category. It is
likely that many will be found not to warrant listing, either because
they are not threatened or endangered or because they do not qualify as
species under the definition in the Act, while others will be found to
be in greater danger of extinction than some taxa already found in
Category 1. An asterisk (*) beside the category number indicates that
the species may possibly be extinct. The Service hopes that this notice
will encourage necessary research on vulnerability, taxonomy, and/or
threats for these taxa.
Taxa that once were considered for listing as threatened or
endangered but are no longer under such consideration are included in
Category 3. Taxa in category 3 are not current candidates for listing.
Such taxa are further divided into three subcategories to indicate the
reason(s) for their removal from consideration:
3A--Taxa for which the Service has persuasive evidence of
extinction. If rediscovered, such taxa might acquire high priority for
listing. At this time, however, the best available information
indicates that the taxa in this subcategory, or the habitats from which
they were known, have been lost.
3B--Names that, on the basis of current taxonomic understanding
(usually as represented in published revisions and monographs), do not
represent distinct taxa meeting the Act's definition of ``species''; it
also includes vertebrate populations that do not meet this definition.
Such supposed entities could be reevaluated in the future on the basis
of new information.
3C--Taxa that have proven to be more abundant or widespread than
previously believed and/or those that are not subject to any
identifiable threat. If further research or changes in habitat
conditions indicate a significant decline in any of these taxa, they
may be reevaluated for possible inclusion in categories 1 or 2. Taxa
assigned to Category 3C in previous notices whose status is unchanged
have been omitted from the current compilation. Any taxon omitted from
a previous notice will still be treated by the Service as belonging to
Category 3.
The taxa in categories 1 and 2 of this notice are considered by the
Service as candidates for possible addition to the List of Endangered
and Threatened Wildlife. The Service encourages their consideration in
long-range environmental planning, such as in environmental impact
analysis under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
(implemented at 40 CFR Parts 1500-1508). Information regarding the
range, status, and habitat needs of such species is available from the
Service's Regional Offices (see ``ADDRESSES'' above).
The Service is aware of some misinterpretations that have been made
of Category 3 subcategories in the past. In particular, Category 3A has
been interpreted as either a comprehensive compilation of extinct
species or as a list of species that became extinct while undergoing
status review. Neither interpretation is correct. In fact, status
review of the overwhelming majority of species identified in Category
3A revealed extinction that had occurred well before passage of the
Endangered Species Act of 1973. A common misinterpretation of Category
3C is that a status review indicates those species have special
sensitivity or vulnerability to extinction. Although this might be true
of some of them, it is not necessarily true of all or even a majority
of them.
A second status column in the table indicates status trend, where
known. Please note, however, that status trend is only a small part of
the whole picture of a taxon's status and may undergo frequent and/or
rapid reversals owing to natural and man-made causes. Each species'
status is identified as I, S, D, U, or N, which stand, respectively,
for Improving, Stable, Declining, Unknown, or Not applicable.
``Improving'' indicates those species known to be increasing in numbers
and/or whose threats to their continued existence are lessening in the
wild. ``Stable'' indicates those species known to have stable numbers
over the recent past and/or whose threats have remained relatively
constant. ``Declining'' indicates decreasing numbers and/or increasing
threats. ``Unknown'' is for those species where additional survey work
is required to determine their current trends. ``Not applicable''
applies to species in Category 3.
Summary of Status Categories
For ease of reference, numerical totals for candidates in the
various status categories are provided below:
Proposed for Listing--52 (including PE--44 and PT--8)
Category 1--86
Category 2--1,919 (Representing about 2,001 taxa)
Category 3--90 (including 3A--32, 3B--14, and 3C--44)
This and previous animal notices have identified a total of 424
category 3 taxa (including 3A--156, 3B--61, and 3C--207).
Request for Information
The Service hereby requests that any further information on the
vulnerable taxa named in this notice be submitted as soon as possible
and on a continuing basis, including:
(1) Data indicating that a taxon should be assigned to a category
other than the one in which it appears;
(2) Nominations of taxa not included;
(3) Recommendations of area as critical habitat for a candidate
taxon, or indications that a proposal of critical habitat would not be
prudent for a taxon;
(4) Documentation of threats to any of the included taxa;
(5) Information concerning the degrees of threats;
(6) identification of taxonomic or nomenclatural changes for any of
the taxa, including the acceptability of the indicated vertebrate
populations;
(7) Appropriate common name suggestions; or
(8) Identification of mistakes, such as errors in the indicated
historical distributions.
The Service will consider all information received in response to
this notice. Substantive changes will be published in the Federal
Register on a two-year cycle.
Organization of the Table
The following table is arranged alphabetically by names of genera,
species, and relevant subspecies under the major group headings (class
or order as it provides a practical grouping). Useful synonyms and
subgeneric scientific names appear in parentheses (the synonyms
preceded by an equal sign) and are displaced to the right in some
instances to avoid affecting the alphabetical order. Some taxa that
have not yet been formally described in the scientific literature have
been included. Such taxa are identified by a generic or specific name
(in italics) followed by ``sp.'' or ``ssp.'' (not italicized, or
alphabetized).
The scientific community is making some progress in standardizing
common names at the species level (but very little at the level of
subspecies). Standardized common names are incorporated in these
notices as they become available. Any common names replaced in the
process of standardization will be repeated at least once (given in
parentheses with an equal sign). The flux in common names, the
inclusion of vernacular and composite subspecific names, and the fact
that a majority of invertebrates still lack a standardized name combine
to make common names relatively useless for organizing the table. This
notice also presents a group name (in parentheses) for many species,
notably mollusks and insects, whose standardized common name given
alone would have little recognition value to most users of the table.
For each taxon in the table, the assigned status category appears
in the first column on the left. The second column contains the current
status trend information. Column three indicates the Service Region
with lead responsibility (see ``ADDRESSES'' section above). Following
the scientific name of each species or subspecies (fourth column) is
the family designation (column five) and any common or vernacular name
(column six). Column seven contains the known historical ranges for all
included taxa, indicated by postal code abbreviations for States and
U.S. possessions (many taxa may no longer occur in all of the areas
shown). In the section on birds, the abbreviation ``N'' indicates the
nesting range of the species, and the abbreviation ``V'' indicates
additional areas in which the species is a regular visitor. In only the
sections on insects, an asterisk (*) beside the name of a State
signifies a lack of sightings, to the Service's knowledge, since 1963
for that State.
Author
This notice was compiled from evaluations by the Service's
Ecological Services staff biologists in the Service's Regional Offices
and Field Stations. It was compiled and edited by Dr. George Drewry of
the Division of Endangered Species in the Service's Washington Office.
List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17
Endangered and threatened species, Exports, Imports, Reporting and
record-keeping requirements, and Transportation.
Authority
This notice is published under the authority of the Endangered
Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).
Status
--------------- Lead
Cate- Region Scientific name Family Common name Historic range
gory Trend
VERTEBRATES
MAMMALS....................................
2...... U.... R1.... Ammospermophilus nelsoni.................... Sciuridae.............. Nelson's antelope ground squirrel........... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Aplodontia rufa californica................. Aplodontidae........... Mountain beaver (Mono Basin population)..... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Aplodontia rufa phaea....................... Aplodontidae........... Point Reyes mountain beaver................. CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Arborimus albipes........................... Muridae................ White-footed vole........................... CA, OR.
2...... U.... R1.... Arborimus pomo.............................. Muridae................ California red tree vole.................... CA, OR
3C..... N.... R5.... Blarina brevicauda aloga.................... Soricidae.............. Martha's Vineyard short-tailed shrew........ MA.
2...... S.... R5.... Blarina brevicauda compacta................. Soricidae.............. Nantucket short-tailed shrew................ MA.
2...... U.... R4.... Blarina brevicauda shermani................. Soricidae.............. Sherman's short-tailed shrew................ FL.
2...... U.... R2.... Blarina hylophaga (=brevicauda) plumbea..... Soricidae.............. Aransas short-tailed shrew.................. TX.
2...... U.... R1.... Brachylagus idahoensis...................... Leporidae.............. Pygmy rabbit................................ CA, ID, MT, NV, OR, UT, WA, WY.
2...... U.... R2.... Choeronycteris mexicana..................... Phyllostomidae......... Mexican long-tongued bat.................... AZ, CA, NM, TX, Mexico, Central & South America.
2...... U.... R4.... Clethrionomys gapperi maurus................ Muridae................ Kentucky red-backed vole.................... KY.
1...... D.... R2.... Conepatus leuconotus texensis............... Mustelidae............. Gulf Coast hog-nosed skunk.................. TX, Mexico.
2...... U.... R6.... Conepatus mesoleucus figginsi............... Mustelidae............. Colorado hog-nosed skunk.................... CO.
2...... U.... R2.... Conepatus mesoleucus telmalestes............ Mustelidae............. Big Thicket hog-nosed skunk................. TX.
2...... U.... R2.... Cynomys ludovicianus arizonensis............ Sciuridae.............. Arizona black-tailed prairie dog............ AZ, NM, TX, Mexico.
2...... U.... R1.... Dipodomys californicus (=heermanni) eximius. Heteromyidae........... Marysville California kangaroo rat (=M. CA.
Heerman's k.r.).
2...... U.... R2.... Dipodomys elator............................ Heteromyidae........... Texas kangaroo rat.......................... OK, TX.
3B..... N.... R1.... Dipodomys elephantinus...................... Heteromyidae........... Big-eared kangaroo rat...................... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Dipodomys heermanni berkleyensis............ Heteromyidae........... Berkeley kangaroo rat....................... CA
2...... H.... R1.... Dipodomys heermanni dixoni.................. Heteromyidae........... Merced kangaroo rat......................... CA
2...... U.... R1.... Dipodomys merriami collinus................. Heteromyidae........... Earthquake Merriam's kangaroo rat........... CA
2...... U.... R6.... Dipodomys merriami frenatus................. Heteromyidae........... Virgin Merriam's kangaroo rat............... UT.
1...... D.... R1.... Dipodomys merriami parvus................... Heteromyidae........... San Bernadino Merriam's kangaroo rat........ CA.
2...... U.... R6.... Dipodomys microps alfredi................... Heteromyidae........... Gunnison Island kangaroo rat................ UT.
2...... U.... R2.... Dipodomys microps leucotis.................. Heteromyidae........... Marble Canyon kangaroo rat.................. AZ.
2...... U.... R6.... Dipodomys microps russeolus................. Heteromyidae........... Dolphin Island chisel-toothed kangaroo rat.. UT.
2...... U.... R1.... Dipodomys nitratoides brevinasus............ Heteromyidae........... Short-nosed kangaroo rat.................... CA.
2...... U.... R6.... Dipodomys ordii cineraceus.................. Heteromyidae........... Dolphin Island ord's kangaroo rat........... UT.
PE..... U.... R1.... Dugong dugon................................ Dugongidae............. Dugong...................................... PW
1...... D.... R1.... Emballonura semicaudata..................... Emballonuridae......... Sheath-tailed bat (Agiguan, American Samoa AS, CM (Agiguan)
populations).
2*..... E.... R1.... Emballonura semicaudata..................... Emballonuridae......... Sheath-tailed bat (Guam, Rota populations).. GU, CM (Rota)
2...... U.... R1.... Emballonura semicaudata..................... Emballonuridae......... Sheath-tailed bat (Caroline Islands TT (Caroline Islands).
populations).
2...... U.... R2.... Euderma maculatum........................... Vespertilionidae....... Spotted bat................................. AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, OR, UT, WY, TX, Canada,
Mexico.
1...... D.... R4.... Eumops glaucinus floridanus................. Molossidae............. Florida mastiff-bat......................... FL.
2...... U.... R2.... Eumops perotis californicus................. Molossidae............. Greater western mastiff-bat................. AZ, CA, NM, TX, Mexico.
2...... U.... R2.... Eumops underwoodi........................... Molossidae............. Underwood's mastiff-bat..................... AZ, Mexico, Central America.
2...... U.... R1.... Eutamias palmeri............................ Sciuridae.............. Palmer's chipmunk........................... NV.
2...... U.... R2.... Eutamias quadrivittatus australis........... Sciuridae.............. Organ Mountains Colorado chipmunk........... NM.
2...... U.... R1.... Eutamias umbrinus nevadensis................ Sciuridae.............. Hidden Forest Uinta chipmunk................ NV.
2...... U.... R2.... Felis concolor browni....................... Felidae................ Yuma puma................................... AZ, CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R3.... Felis concolor schorgeri.................... Felidae................ Wisconsin puma.............................. IA, IL, KS, MN, MO, WI, Canada.
2...... U.... R6.... Felis lynx canadensis....................... Felidae................ North American lynx......................... AK, CO, ID, ME, MI, MN, MT, ND, NH, NV, NY, OR, UT,
VT, WA, WI, WY, Canada.
2...... U.... R2.... Geomys bursarius arenarius.................. Geomyidae.............. Desert pocket gopher........................ NM, TX
3C..... N.... R4.... Geomys bursarius breviceps.................. Geomyidae.............. Mer Rouge pocket gopher..................... LA.
2...... U.... R4.... Geomys cumberlandius........................ Geomyidae.............. Cumberland pocket gopher.................... GA.
2...... U.... R2.... Geomys personatus maritimus................. Geomyidae.............. Maritime Texas pocket gopher................ TX.
2...... U.... R2.... Geomys personatus streckeri................. Geomyidae.............. Carrizo Springs Texas pocket gopher......... TX.
2...... U.... R2.... Geomys texensis bakeri...................... Geomyidae.............. Baker's Llano pocket gopher................. TX
2...... D.... R1.... Glaucomys sabrinus californicus............. Sciuridae.............. San Bernardino northern flying squirrel..... CA.
2...... U.... R6.... Gulo gulo luscus............................ Mustelidae............. North American wolverine.................... CO, ID, MN, MT, ND, NV, UT, WY.
2...... U.... R1.... Gulo gulo luteus............................ Mustelidae............. California wolverine........................ CA, NV, OR, WA.
2...... U.... R6.... Idionycteris (=Plecotus) phyllotis.......... Vespertilionidae....... Allen's (Mexican) big-eared bat............. AZ, CA, CO, NM, NV, UT, Mexico
2...... U.... R1.... Lepus americanus tahoensis.................. Leporidae.............. Sierra Nevada snowshoe hare................. CA, NV.
2...... D.... R1.... Lepus californicus bennettii................ Leporidae.............. San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit........... CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R2.... Lepus callotis gaillardi.................... Leporidae.............. White-sided jack rabbit..................... NM, Mexico.
2...... U.... R2.... Lutra canadensis sonora..................... Mustelidae............. Southwestern otter.......................... AZ, CA, CO, NM, UT.
2...... U.... R2.... Macrotus californicus....................... Phyllostomidae......... California leaf-nosed bat................... AZ, CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R1.... Martes pennanti pacifica.................... Mustelidae............. Pacific fisher.............................. CA, OR, WA.
2...... U.... R1.... Microdipodops megacephalus albiventer....... Heteromyidae........... Desert Valley kangaroo mouse................ NV.
2...... U.... R1.... Microdipodops megacephalus nasutus.......... Heteromyidae........... Fletcher dark kangaroo mouse................ NV.
2...... U.... R5.... Microtus breweri............................ Muridae................ Beach vole.................................. MA.
2...... U.... R1.... Microtus californicus mohavensis............ Muridae................ Mojave river vole........................... CA.
3C..... N.... R1.... Microtus californicus sanpabloensis......... Muridae................ San Pablo California vole................... CA.
2...... D.... R1.... Microtus californicus stephensi............. Muridae................ Stephens' California vole (=meadow mouse)... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Microtus californicus vallicola............. Muridae................ Owens Valley California vole................ CA.
2...... S.... R5.... Microtus chrotorrhinus carolinensis......... Muridae................ Southern rock vole.......................... NC, TN, VA, WV.
2...... U.... R2.... Microtus mexicanus navaho................... Muridae................ Navaho Mountain Mexican vole................ AZ, UT.
2...... U.... R1.... Microtus montanus fucosus................... Muridae................ Pahranagat Valley montane vole.............. NV.
2...... U.... R1.... Microtus montanus nevadensis................ Muridae................ Ash Meadows montane vole.................... NV.
2...... U.... R6.... Microtus montanus rivularis................. Muridae................ Virgin River montane vole................... UT.
2...... U.... R7.... Microtus oeconomus amakensis................ Muridae................ Amak tundra vole............................ AK.
2...... U.... R7.... Microtus oeconomus elymocetes............... Muridae................ Montague tundra vole........................ AK.
2...... U.... R1.... Microtus pennsylvanicus kincaidi............ Muridae................ Potholes meadow vole........................ WA.
2...... S.... R5.... Microtus pennsylvanicus provectus........... Muridae................ Block Island meadow vole.................... RI.
2...... U.... R5.... Microtus pennsylvanicus shattucki........... Muridae................ Penobscot meadow vole....................... ME.
3C..... N.... R1.... Microtus townsendii pugeti.................. Muridae................ Shaw Island Townsend's vole................. WA.
2...... U.... R4.... Mustela frenata peninsulae.................. Mustelidae............. Florida long-tailed weasel.................. FL.
2...... U.... R4.... Myotis austroriparius....................... Vespertilionidae....... Southeastern myotis (bat)................... AL, AR, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MO, MS, NC, OK, SC,
TN, TX.
2...... U.... R6.... Myotis ciliolabrum.......................... Vespertilionidae....... Small-footed myotis (bat)................... AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, SD, TX, UT, WA,
Mexico
2...... U.... R6.... Myotis evotis............................... Vespertilionidae....... Long-eared myotis (bat)..................... AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, OR, SD, TX, UT,
WA, Canada, Mexico
2...... D.... R5.... Myotis leibii (=M. subulatus l.)............ Vespertilionidae....... Eastern small-footed bat.................... AR, CT, DE, GA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, ME, MO, NC, NH,
NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT, WV,
Canada.
2...... U.... R2.... Myotis lucifugus occultus................... Vespertilionidae....... Occult little brown bat..................... AZ, CA, NM, TX, Mexico.
2...... U.... R6.... Myotis thysanodes........................... Vespertilionidae....... Fringed myotis (bat)........................ AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, NE, NM, NV, SD, TX, UT, WA,
Canada, Mexico
2...... U.... R2.... Myotis velifer.............................. Vespertilionidae....... Cave myotis (bat)........................... AZ, CA, NE, NM, NV, TX, Mexico
2...... U.... R6.... Myotis volans............................... Vespertilionidae....... Long-legged myotis (bat).................... AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, SD, TX, UT, WA,
Canada, Mexico
2...... U.... R1.... Myotis yumanensis........................... Vespertilionidae....... Yuma myotis (bat)........................... AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, TX, UT, WA, Canada,
Mexico
2...... U.... R4.... Neofiber alleni............................. Muridae................ Round-tailed muskrat........................ FL, GA.
2...... U.... R4.... Neotoma floridana haematoreia............... Muridae................ Southern Appalachian eastern woodrat........ GA, NC, SC.
2...... U.... R1.... Neotoma fuscipes annectens.................. Muridae................ San Francisco dusky-footed woodrat.......... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Neotoma fuscipes luciana.................... Muridae................ Monterey dusky-footed woodrat............... CA.
1...... D.... R1.... Neotoma fuscipes riparia.................... Muridae................ San Joaquin Valley woodrat.................. CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Neotoma lepida intermedia................... Muridae................ San Diego desert woodrat.................... CA.
2...... D.... R5.... Neotoma magister (=N. floridana m.)......... Muridae................ Alleghany (=Eastern) woodrat................ AL, CT*, GA, IN, KY, MD, NC, NJ, NY*, OH, PA, TN,
VA, WV.
2...... U.... R2.... Neotoma mexicana bullata.................... Muridae................ Santa Catalina Mountains woodrat............ AZ.
2...... U.... R2.... Neotoma micropus leucophaea................. Muridae................ White Sands woodrat......................... NM.
2...... U.... R2.... Nyctinomops macrotis (=Tadarida m., T. Molossidae............. Big free-tailed bat......................... AZ, CO, NM, UT, Mexico, South America
molossa).
2...... U.... R6.... Ochotona princeps barnesi................... Ochotonidae............ Barnes' pika................................ UT.
2...... U.... R6.... Ochotona princeps cinnamomea................ Ochotonidae............ Cinnamon pika............................... UT.
2...... U.... R6.... Ochotona princeps lasalensis................ Ochotonidae............ La Sal pika................................. UT.
2...... D.... R6.... Ochotona princeps moorei.................... Ochotonidae............ Heliotrope pika............................. UT.
2...... U.... R2.... Ochotona princeps nigrescens................ Ochotonidae............ Goat Peak pika.............................. NM.
2...... U.... R6.... Ochotona princeps wasatchensis.............. Ochotonidae............ Wasatch pika................................ UT.
2...... U.... R4.... Odocoileus virginianus hiltonensis.......... Cervidae............... Hilton Head white-tailed deer............... SC.
2...... U.... R4.... Odocoileus virginianus nigribarbis.......... Cervidae............... Blackbeard Island white-tailed deer......... GA.
2...... U.... R4.... Odocoileus virginianus taurinsulae.......... Cervidae............... Bulls Island white-tailed deer.............. SC.
2...... U.... R4.... Odocoileus virginianus venatoria............ Cervidae............... Hunting Island white-tailed deer............ SC.
2...... U.... R2.... Ondatra zibethicus ripensis................. Cricetidae............. Pecos River muskrat......................... NM, TX
2...... D.... R1.... Onychomys torridus ramona................... Muridae................ Southern grasshopper mouse.................. CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R1.... Onychomys torridus tularensis............... Muridae................ Tulare grasshopper mouse.................... CA
2...... U.... R2.... Oryzomys couesi aquaticus................... Cricetidae............. Coues' rice rat............................. TX, Mexico.
2...... S.... R1.... Ovis canadensis californiana................ Bovidae................ California bighorn sheep.................... CA, ID, OR, WA, Canada.
PE..... D.... R1.... Ovis canadensis cremnobates................. Bovidae................ Peninsular bighorn sheep.................... CA, Mexico.
PE..... E.... R2.... Panthera onca............................... Felidae................ Jaguar, U.S. population..................... AZ, CA, CO, LA, NM, TX
2...... U.... R1.... Perognathus alticola alticola............... Heteromyidae........... White-eared pocket mouse.................... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Perognathus alticola inexpectatus........... Heteromyidae........... Tehachapi white-eared pocket mouse.......... CA.
2...... U.... R2.... Perognathus amplus ammodytes................ Heteromyidae........... Coconino Arizona pocket mouse............... AZ.
2...... U.... R2.... Perognathus amplus amplus................... Heteromyidae........... Yavapai Arizona pocket mouse................ AZ.
2...... U.... R2.... Perognathus amplus cineris.................. Heteromyidae........... Wupatki Arizona pocket mouse................ AZ.
2...... U.... R1.... Perognathus californicus femoralis (subgen. Heteromyidae........... Dulzura California pocket mouse............. CA, Mexico.
Chaetodipus).
2...... D.... R1.... Perognathus fallax fallax (subgen. Heteromyidae........... Northwestern San Diego pocket mouse......... CA, Mexico.
Chaetodipus).
2...... U.... R1.... Perognathus fallax pallidus (subgen. Heteromyidae........... Pallid San Diego pocket mouse............... CA.
Chaetodipus).
2...... U.... R2.... Perognathus flavus goodpasteri.............. Heteromyidae........... Silky pocket mouse.......................... AZ.
2...... U.... R1.... Perognathus inoratus........................ Heteromyidae........... San Joaquin pocket mouse (includes all ssp.) CA
2...... U.... R2.... Perognathus intermedius nigrimontis......... Heteromyidae........... Black Mountain pocket mouse................. AZ.
2...... D.... R1.... Perognathus longimembris bangsi............. Heteromyidae........... Palm Springs little pocket mouse............ CA.
2...... D.... R1.... Perognathus longimembris brevinasus......... Heteromyidae........... Los Angeles little pocket mouse............. CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Perognathus longimembris internationalis.... Heteromyidae........... Jacumba little pocket mouse................. CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R2.... Peromyscus eremicus papagensis.............. Muridae................ Pinacate cactus mouse....................... AZ, Mexico.
2...... U.... R2.... Peromyscus eremicus pullus.................. Muridae................ Black Mountain cactus mouse................. AZ.
2...... D.... R4.... Peromyscus floridanus....................... Muridae................ Florida mouse............................... FL.
2...... U.... R5.... Peromyscus leucopus ammodytes............... Muridae................ Monomoy white-footed mouse.................. MA.
3C..... N.... R5.... Peromyscus leucopus easti................... Muridae................ Pungo white-footed mouse.................... VA.
3C..... N.... R5.... Peromyscus leucopus fusus................... Muridae................ Martha's Vineyard white-footed mouse........ MA.
2...... U.... R1.... Peromyscus maniculatus anacapae............. Muridae................ Anacapa deer mouse.......................... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Peromyscus maniculatus clementis............ Muridae................ San Clemente deer mouse..................... CA.
2...... U.... R4.... Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus......... Muridae................ Santa Rosa beach mouse...................... FL.
1...... D.... R4.... Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis.......... Muridae................ St. Andrews beach mouse..................... FL.
2...... S.... R2.... Peromyscus truei comanche................... Muridae................ Palo Duro mouse............................. TX.
2...... U.... R4.... Plecotus rafinesquii........................ Vespertilionidae....... Rafinesque's (=southeastern) big-eared bat.. AL, AR, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MO, MS, NC, OH, OK,
SC, TN, TX, VA, WV.
2...... U.... R2.... Plecotus townsendii pallescens.............. Vespertilionidae....... Pale Townsend's (=western) big-eared bat.... AZ, CA, CO, ID, KS, MT, ND, NE, NM, OK, SD, Mexico.
2...... D.... R1.... Plecotus townsendii townsendii.............. Vespertilionidae....... Pacific Townsend's (=western) big-eared bat. CA, ID, NV, OR, WA, Canada.
2...... U.... R4.... Procyon lotor auspicatus.................... Procyonidae............ Key Vaca raccoon............................ FL.
2...... U.... R4.... Procyon lotor incautus...................... Procyonidae............ Key West raccoon............................ FL.
1...... S.... R1.... Pteropus mariannus mariannus................ Pteropodidae........... Mariana flying fox (Agiguan, Tinian, Saipan MP.
populations).
2...... S.... R1.... Pteropus mariannus mariannus................ Pteropodidae........... Mariana flying fox (Rota, northern island MP.
populations).
2...... S.... R1.... Pteropus mariannus paganensis............... Pteropodidae........... Pagan Mariana flying fox (=Pagan fruit bat). MP.
2...... D.... R1.... Pteropus samoensis samoensis................ Pteropodidae........... Samoan flying fox (=Samoan fruit bat)....... AS, Western Samoa.
2...... U.... R6.... Rangifer tarandus caribou................... Cervidae............... Woodland caribou (Montana population)....... MT.
2...... U.... R2.... Reithrodontomys megalotis arizonensis....... Muridae................ Chiricahua western harvest mouse............ AZ.
2...... U.... R6.... Reithrodontomys megalotis ravus............. Muridae................ Stansbury Island harvest mouse.............. UT.
2...... U.... R4.... Scalopus aquaticus bassi.................... Talpidae............... Englewood mole.............................. FL.
2...... U.... R2.... Scalopus aquaticus texanus.................. Talpidae............... Presidio mole............................... TX.
2...... U.... R1.... Scapanus latimanus parvus................... Talpidae............... Alameda Island mole......................... CA
2...... U.... R2.... Sciurus arizonensis catalinae............... Sciuridae.............. Santa Catalina Mountains squirrel........... AZ.
2...... U.... R2.... Sciurus nayaritensis chiricahuae............ Sciuridae.............. Chiricahua Nayarit squirrel................. AZ.
2...... D.... R4.... Sciurus niger avicennia..................... Sciuridae.............. Mangrove fox squirrel....................... FL.
2...... D.... R4.... Sciurus niger shermani...................... Sciuridae.............. Sherman's fox squirrel...................... FL.
2...... U.... R2.... Sigmodon arizonae jacksoni.................. Muridae................ Yavapai Arizona cotton rat.................. AZ.
2...... D.... R1.... Sigmodon arizonae plenus.................... Muridae................ Colorado River cotton rat................... CA.
2...... U.... R2.... Sigmodon fulviventer goldmani............... Muridae................ Hot Springs cotton rat...................... NM.
2...... U.... R2.... Sigmodon hispidus eremicus.................. Muridae................ Yuma hispid cotton rat...................... CA, AZ, Mexico.
2...... U.... R4.... Sigmodon hispidus insulicola................ Muridae................ Insular hispid cotton rat................... FL.
2...... U.... R2.... Sigmodon ochrognathus....................... Muridae................ Yellow-nosed cotton rat..................... AZ, NM, TX, Mexico.
2...... U.... R7.... Sorex alaskanus............................. Soricidae.............. Glacier Bay water shrew..................... AK.
2...... U.... R2.... Sorex arizonae.............................. Soricidae.............. Arizona shrew............................... AZ, NM.
2...... U.... R5.... Sorex cinereus nigriculus................... Soricidae.............. Tuckahoe masked shrew....................... NJ.
2...... U.... R7.... Sorex hydrodromus........................... Soricidae.............. Pribilof Islands shrew...................... AK.
3C..... N.... R1.... Sorex lyelli................................ Soricidae.............. Mt. Lyell shrew............................. CA.
1...... D.... R1.... Sorex ornatus relictus...................... Soricidae.............. Buena Vista Lake ornate shrew............... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Sorex ornatus salarius...................... Soricidae.............. Monterey ornate shrew....................... CA.
2...... D.... R1.... Sorex ornatus salicornicus.................. Soricidae.............. Salt marsh ornate shrew..................... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Sorex ornatus sinuosus...................... Soricidae.............. Suisun ornate shrew......................... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Sorex ornatus willetti...................... Soricidae.............. Santa Catalina ornate shrew................. CA.
2...... U.... R5.... Sorex palustris punctulatus................. Soricidae.............. Southern water shrew........................ MD, NC, PA, TN, VA, WV.
2...... D.... R6.... Sorex preblei............................... Soricidae.............. Preble's shrew.............................. ID, MT, NV, OR, UT, WA, WY.
2...... U.... R1.... Sorex trowbridgii destructioni.............. Soricidae.............. Destruction Island shrew.................... WA.
2...... U.... R1.... Sorex vagrans halicoetes.................... Soricidae.............. Salt marsh vagrant shrew.................... CA.
2...... S.... R1.... Spermophilus brunneus ssp................... Sciuridae.............. Northern Idaho ground squirrel.............. ID.
2...... S.... R1.... Spermophilus brunneus ssp................... Sciuridae.............. Southern Idaho ground squirrel.............. ID.
2...... D.... R1.... Spermophilus mohavensis..................... Sciuridae.............. Mohave ground squirrel...................... CA.
2...... D.... R1.... Spermophilus tereticaudus chlorus........... Sciuridae.............. Coachella Valley round-tailed ground CA.
squirrel.
2...... D.... R6.... Spermophilus tridecemlineatus alleni........ Sciuridae.............. Allen's 13-lined ground squirrel............ WY.
2...... U.... R1.... Spermophilus washingtoni.................... Sciuridae.............. Washington ground squirrel.................. WA, OR
2...... U.... R1.... Spilogale putorius amphiala................. Mustelidae............. Channel Islands spotted skunk............... CA.
2...... U.... R6.... Spilogale putorius interrupta............... Mustelidae............. Plains spotted skunk........................ AR, CO, IA, IL, LA, KS, MN, MO, NE, OK, SD, TX, WI,
WY.
2...... U.... R4.... Stenoderma rufum............................ Phyllostomidae......... Desmarest's fig-eating bat.................. PR.
1...... D.... R1.... Sylvilagus bachmani riparius................ Leporidae.............. Riparian brush rabbit....................... CA.
2...... U.... R5.... Sylvilagus floridanus hitchensi............. Leporidae.............. Smiths Island cottontail rabbit............. VA.
2...... U.... R2.... Sylvilagus floridanus robustus.............. Leporidae.............. Davis Mountains cottontail rabbit........... TX.
2...... U.... R4.... Sylvilagus obscurus......................... Leporidae.............. Appalachian cottontail...................... AL, GA, MD, NC, NY, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV
2...... D.... R5.... Sylvilagus transitionalis................... Leporidae.............. New England cottontail rabbit............... CT, MA, ME, NH, NY, PA, RI, VT.
2...... U.... R5.... Synaptomys borealis sphagnicola............. Muridae................ Northern bog lemming........................ ME, NH, Canada.
3A..... N.... R6.... Synaptomys cooperi paludis.................. Muridae................ Kansas bog lemming.......................... KS.
3A..... N.... R6.... Synaptomys cooperi relictus................. Muridae................ Nebraska bog lemming........................ NE.
2...... U.... R2.... Tamias canipes.............................. Sciuridae.............. Gray-footed chipmunk........................ NM, TX
2...... D.... R1.... Tamias speciosus speciosus.................. Sciuridae.............. Lodgepole chipmunk.......................... CA
2...... U.... R6.... Tamias umbrinus sedulus..................... Sciuridae.............. Mount Ellen Uinta chipmunk.................. UT.
2...... D.... R1.... Thomomys mazama glacialis................... Geomyidae.............. Roy Prairie pocket gopher................... WA.
2...... U.... R1.... Thomomys mazama helleri..................... Geomyidae.............. Goldbeach western pocket gopher............. OR.
2...... U.... R1.... Thomomys mazama louiei...................... Geomyidae.............. Louie's western pocket gopher............... WA.
2*..... E.... R1.... Thomomys mazama tacomensis.................. Geomyidae.............. Tacoma western pocket gopher................ WA.
2...... U.... R1.... Thomomys umbrinus abstrusus................. Geomyidae.............. Fish Spring pocket gopher................... NV.
3B..... N.... R1.... Thomomys umbrinus amargosae................. Geomyidae.............. Amargosa southern pocket gopher............. CA.
2...... U.... R6.... Thomomys umbrinus bonnevillei............... Geomyidae.............. Bonneville southern pocket gopher........... UT.
2...... U.... R6.... Thomomys umbrinus convexus.................. Geomyidae.............. Clear Lake pocket gopher.................... UT.
2...... U.... R1.... Thomomys umbrinus curtatus.................. Geomyidae.............. San Antonio pocket gopher................... NV.
2...... U.... R1.... Thomomys umbrinus detumidus................. Geomyidae.............. Pistol River pocket gopher.................. OR.
2...... U.... R6.... Thomomys umbrinus dissimilis................ Geomyidae.............. Mount Ellen pocket gopher................... UT.
2...... U.... R2.... Thomomys umbrinus guadalupensis............. Geomyidae.............. Guadalupe southern pocket gopher............ NM, TX.
2...... U.... R2.... Thomomys umbrinus hualpaiensis.............. Geomyidae.............. Hualapai southern pocket gopher............. AZ.
2...... U.... R2.... Thomomys umbrinus limpiae................... Geomyidae.............. Limpia southern pocket gopher............... TX.
2...... U.... R2.... Thomomys umbrinus mearnsi................... Geomyidae.............. Mearns' southern pocket gopher.............. NM.
2...... U.... R6.... Thomomys umbrinus minimus................... Geomyidae.............. Stansbury Island pocket gopher.............. UT.
2...... U.... R2.... Thomomys umbrinus muralis................... Geomyidae.............. Prospect Valley pocket gopher............... AZ.
2...... U.... R6.... Thomomys umbrinus nesophilus................ Geomyidae.............. Antelope Island pocket gopher............... UT.
2...... U.... R2.... Thomomys umbrinus paguatae.................. Geomyidae.............. Cebolleta southern pocket gopher............ NM.
2...... U.... R6.... Thomomys umbrinus powelli................... Geomyidae.............. Salt Gulch pocket gopher.................... UT.
2...... U.... R2.... Thomomys umbrinus quercinus................. Geomyidae.............. Pajarito southern pocket gopher............. AZ.
2...... U.... R6.... Thomomys umbrinus robustus.................. Geomyidae.............. Skull Valley pocket gopher.................. UT.
2...... U.... R6.... Thomomys umbrinus sevieri................... Geomyidae.............. Swasey Spring pocket gopher................. UT.
2...... U.... R2.... Thomomys umbrinus suboles................... Geomyidae.............. Searchlight southern pocket gopher.......... AZ.
2...... U.... R2.... Thomomys umbrinus subsimilis................ Geomyidae.............. Harquahala southern pocket gopher........... AZ.
2...... U.... R2.... Thomomys umbrinus texensis.................. Geomyidae.............. Limpia Creek pocket gopher.................. TX.
2...... U.... R1.... Urocyon littoralis catalinae................ Canidae................ Santa Catalina Island fox................... CA.
2...... S.... R1.... Urocyon littoralis clementae................ Canidae................ San Clemente Island fox..................... CA.
2...... S.... R1.... Urocyon littoralis dickeyi.................. Canidae................ San Nicolas Island fox...................... CA.
2...... S.... R1.... Urocyon littoralis littoralis............... Canidae................ San Miguel Island fox....................... CA.
2...... S.... R1.... Urocyon littoralis santacruzae.............. Canidae................ Santa Cruz Island fox....................... CA.
2...... S.... R1.... Urocyon littoralis santarosae............... Canidae................ Santa Rosa Island fox....................... CA.
1...... D.... R4.... Ursus americanus floridanus................. Ursidae................ Florida black bear.......................... FL, GA.
2...... D.... R6.... Vulpes velox................................ Canidae................ Swift fox (U.S. population)................. CO, KS, MT, ND, NE, NM, OK, SD, TX, WY.
2...... U.... R1.... Vulpes vulpes necator....................... Canidae................ Sierra Nevada red fox....................... CA, NV.
2...... S.... R2.... Zapus hudsonius luteus...................... Zapodidae.............. New Mexican meadow jumping mouse............ AZ, NM.
2...... D.... R6.... Zapus hudsonius preblei..................... Zapodidae.............. Preble's meadow jumping mouse............... CO, WY.
2...... U.... R1.... Zapus trinotatus orarius.................... Zapodidae.............. Point Reyes jumping mouse................... CA.
BIRDS......................................
2...... D.... R2.... Accipiter gentilis.......................... Accipitridae........... Northern goshawk (North American pop.)...... N=AK, AZ, CA, ID, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MT, ND, NE,
NH, NM, NV, NY, OR, PA, SD, TX, UT, VT, WA, WI,
WV, WY, Canada, V=AL, AR, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS,
KY, LA, MO, MS, NC, OH, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA, Mex
PE..... D.... R4.... Accipiter striatus venator.................. Accipitridae........... Puerto Rican sharp-shinned hawk............. PR
2...... D.... R1.... Agelaius tricolor........................... Emberizidae............ Tricolored blackbird........................ CA, NV, OR, Mexico.
2...... U.... R4.... Aimophila aestivalis........................ Emberizidae............ Bachman's sparrow........................... AL, AR, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, OH,
OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV.
2...... S.... R2.... Aimophila botterii texana................... Emberizidae............ Texas Botteri's sparrow..................... TX, Mexico.
2...... D.... R1.... Aimophila ruficeps canescens................ Emberizidae............ Southern California rufous-crowned sparrow.. CA, Mexico.
2...... D.... R6.... Ammodramus bairdii.......................... Emberizidae............ Baird's sparrow............................. N=MN, MT, ND, SD, WY, Canada; V=CO, ID, KS, MO, NE,
OK, NM, TX, Mexico.
2...... D.... R1.... Amphispiza belli belli...................... Emberizidae............ Bell's sage sparrow......................... CA, Mexico.
2...... S.... R4.... Anas bahamensis bahamensis.................. Anatidae............... Lesser white-cheeked pintail................ PR, VI, West Indies, South America.
2...... U.... R1.... Aphelocoma coerulescens cana................ Corvidae............... Eagle Mountain scrub jay.................... CA.
2...... S.... R2.... Arremonops rufivirgatus rufivirgatus........ Emberizidae............ Texas (=Sennett's) olive sparrow............ TX, Mexico.
1...... S.... R1.... Artamus leucorhynchus pelewensis............ Artamidae.............. Palau white-breasted wood-swallow........... TT (Caroline Islands).
1...... S.... R1.... Asio flammeus ponapensis.................... Strigidae.............. Ponape short-eared owl...................... TT (Caroline Islands).
2...... U.... R1.... Asio flammeus sandwichensis................. Strigidae.............. Hawaiian short-eared owl.................... HI
2...... D.... R1.... Athene cunicularia hypugea.................. Strigidae.............. Western burrowing owl....................... AZ, CA, CO, ID, IA, KS, LA, MN, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV,
OK, OR, TX, SD, WA, WY, Canada, Mexico
2...... D.... R7.... Brachyramphus brevirostris.................. Alcidae................ Kittlitz's murrelet......................... AK, Russia
2...... D.... R7.... Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus......... Alcidae................ Marbled murrelet northern pop............... AK, Canada.
2...... S.... R2.... Buteo nitidus maximus....................... Accipitridae........... Northern gray hawk.......................... N=AZ, NM, TX, Mexico.
PE..... U.... R4.... Buteo platypterus brunnescens............... Accipitridae........... Puerto Rican broad-winged hawk.............. PR.
2...... D.... R6.... Buteo regalis............................... Accipitridae........... Ferruginous hawk............................ N=CO, ID, KS, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, OK, OR, SD, TX,
UT, WA, WY, Canada: V=AZ, CA, Mexico.
3B..... N.... R1.... Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus couesi...... Troglodytidae.......... San Diego (coastal population) cactus wren.. CA, Mexico.
2...... D.... R5.... Catharus minimus bicknelli.................. Muscicapidae........... Bicknell's thrush........................... N=MA, ME, NH, NY, VT, Canada.
2...... D.... R1.... Centrocercus urophasianus phaios............ Phasianidae............ Western sage grouse......................... OR, WA, Canada.
3C..... N.... R6.... Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus............. Charadriidae........... Western snowy plover (interior population).. N=CA, CO, KS, NM, NV, OK, OR, TX, UT, WA, WY: V=AZ,
Mexico.
2...... U.... R4.... Charadrius alexandrinus tenuirostris........ Charadriidae........... Southeastern snowy plover................... AL, FL, LA, MS, PR, Greater Antilles.
2...... D.... R6.... Charadrius montanus......................... Charadriidae........... Mountain plover............................. N=CO, KS, MT, ND, NE, NM, OK, SD, TX, UT, WY: V=AZ,
CA, NV, Mexico.
1...... D.... R1.... Chasiempis sandwichensis gayi............... Pachycephalidae........ Oahu elepaio................................ HI
2...... D.... R6.... Chlidonias niger............................ Laridae................ Black tern.................................. CA, CO, ID, IA, IL, IN, KS, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, NE,
ND, NY, NV, OH, OR, SD, UT, WA, WI, WY, Canada.
2...... U.... R4.... Columba leucocephala........................ Columbidae............. White-crowned pigeon........................ FL, West Indies, Central America.
2...... D.... R7.... Contopus borealis........................... Tyrannidae............. Olive-sided flycatcher...................... N=AK, Canada V=
2...... I.... R6.... Cygnus buccinator........................... Anatidae............... Trumpeter swan (Rocky Mountain population).. ID, MT, WY.
2...... U.... R4.... Dendrocygna arborea......................... Anatidae............... West Indian whistling duck.................. PR, VI, West Indies.
2...... D.... R1.... Dendrocygna bicolor......................... Anatidae............... Fulvous whistling duck (SW U.S. population). N=AZ, CA: V=Mexico.
2...... U.... R4.... Dendroica angelae........................... Emberizidae............ Elfin woods warbler......................... PR.
2...... D.... R3.... Dendroica cerulea........................... Emberizidae............ Cerulean warbler............................ AL, AR, CN, DE, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, MI,
MN, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI,
TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, WV, Canada.
2...... U.... R4.... Dendroica dominica stoddardi................ Emberizidae............ Stoddard's yellow-throated warbler.......... AL, FL.
2...... D.... R1.... Ducula oceanica ratakensis.................. Columbidae............. Radak Micronesian pigeon.................... TT (Marshall Islands).
2...... U.... R1.... Ducula oceanica teraokai.................... Columbidae............. Truk Micronesian pigeon..................... TT (Caroline Islands).
2...... U.... R4.... Egretta rufescens........................... Ardeidae............... Reddish egret............................... N=FL, TX, Mexico, West Indies: V=AL, CA, LA, MS.
2...... U.... R2.... Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus............... Tyrannidae............. Buff-breasted flycatcher (northern)......... AZ, NM, Mexico
2...... D.... R1.... Empidonax traillii brewsteri................ Tyrannidae............. Little willow flycatcher.................... CA, OR, WA, British Columbia
PE..... D.... R2.... Empidonax traillii extimus.................. Tyrannidae............. Southwestern willow flycatcher.............. AZ, CA, CO, NM, TX, UT, Mexico.
3C..... N.... R1.... Eremophila alpestris actia.................. Alaudidae.............. California horned lark...................... CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R4.... Falco sparverius paulus..................... Falconidae............. Southeastern American kestrel............... AL, FL, GA, LA, MS.
2...... U.... R4.... Fulica caribaea............................. Rallidae............... Caribbean coot.............................. PR, VI, West Indies.
1...... D.... R1.... Gallicolumba stairi......................... Columbidae............. Friendly ground dove........................ AS
2...... U.... R2.... Geothlypis trichas insperata................ Emberizidae............ Brownsville common yellowthroat............. TX, Mexico.
2...... S.... R1.... Geothlypis trichas sinuosa.................. Emberizidae............ Saltmarsh common yellowthroat............... CA.
1...... D.... R2.... Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum............. Strigidae.............. Cactus ferruginous pygmy-owl................ AZ, TX, Mexico.
2...... U.... R6.... Histrionicus histrionicus................... Anatidae............... Harlequin duck.............................. AK, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, IA, ID, KS, MA, MD, ME,
MO, MN, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, MT, OK, OR, RI, SD,
TX, UT, WA, WY, Canada.
2...... U.... R2.... Icterus cucullatus cucullatus............... Emberizidae............ Mexican hooded oriole....................... TX, Mexico.
2...... U.... R2.... Icterus cucullatus sennetti................. Emberizidae............ Sennett's hooded oriole..................... TX, Mexico.
2...... U.... R2.... Icterus graduacauda audubonii............... Emberizidae............ Audubon's oriole............................ TX, Mexico.
2...... D.... R1.... Ixobrychus exilis hesperis.................. Ardeidae............... Least bittern............................... AZ, CA, NV, OR, UT, Mexico.
2...... U.... R7.... Lagopus mutus evermanni..................... Phasianidae............ Evermann's rock ptarmigan................... AK
2...... U.... R7.... Lagopus mutus yunaskensis................... Phasianidae............ Yunaska rock ptarmigan...................... AK.
2...... S.... R3.... Lanius ludovicianus migrans................. Laniidae............... Migrant loggerhead shrike................... N=AR, CT, DC, DE, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, ME,
MI, MN, MO, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA,
RI, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, WV, Canada: V=AL, FL, GA,
LA, MS, SC.
2...... U.... R3.... Laterallus jamaicensis...................... Rallidae............... Black rail.................................. AL, AR, AZ, CA, CT, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY,
LA, MA, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA,
RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV, WY.
2...... U.... R1.... Loxops caeruleirostris...................... Fringillidae........... Kauai akepa................................. Hl
2...... S.... R1.... Melospiza melodia maxillaris................ Emberizidae............ Suisun song sparrow......................... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Melospiza melodia pusillula................. Emberizidae............ Alameda (South Bay) song sparrow............ CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Melospiza melodia samuelis.................. Emberizidae............ San Pablo song sparrow...................... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Moho bishopi................................ Melephagidae........... Bishop's o`o................................ HI.
2...... S.... R7.... Numenius tahitiensis........................ Scolopacidae........... Bristle-thighed curlew...................... N=AK: V=HI, Central Pacific Islands.
2...... D.... R1.... Oceanodroma castro cryptoleucura............ Hydrobatidae........... Band-rumped storm petrel.................... HI.
2...... U.... R1.... Oceanodroma homochroa....................... Hydrobatidae........... Ashy storm-petrel........................... CA
1...... D.... R1.... Oreomystis bairdi........................... Fringillidae........... Kauai creeper............................... Hl
3C..... N.... R1.... Oreortyx pictus............................. Phasianidae............ Mountain quail.............................. CA, ID, NV, OR, WA.
2...... U.... R4.... Otus nudipes newtoni........................ Strigidae.............. Virgin Islands screech owl.................. PR, VI.
2...... S.... R4.... Oxyura jamaicensis jamaicensis.............. Anatidae............... West Indian ruddy duck...................... PR, VI, West Indies.
2...... U.... R2.... Parula pitiayumi nigrilora.................. Emberizidae............ Tropical parula (=Olive-backed warbler)..... TX, Mexico.
2...... S.... R1.... Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi.......... Emberizidae............ Belding's savannah sparrow.................. CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R1.... Passerculus sandwichensis rostratus......... Emberizidae............ Large-billed savannah sparrow............... N=Mexico: V=AZ, CA.
2...... U.... R4.... Passerina ciris ciris....................... Emberizidae............ Eastern painted bunting..................... NC, SC, GA, FL, West Indies
2...... D.... R1.... Pipilo erythrophthalmus clementae........... Emberizidae............ San Clemente rufous-sided towhee............ CA.
2...... I.... R1.... Plegadis chihi.............................. Threskiornithidae...... White-faced ibis............................ N=AZ, CA, CO, KS, NE, NM, NV, OK, OR, SD, TX, UT:
V=ID, WY, Mexico.
PT..... ..... R7.... Polysticta stelleri......................... Anatidae............... Steller's eider (AK breeding pop.).......... AK, Russia
1...... D.... R1.... Porzana tubuensis........................... Rallidae............... Spotless crake.............................. AS
2...... U.... R4.... Pterodroma hasitata......................... Procellaridae.......... Black-capped petrel......................... N=West Indies--Haiti; V=NC, SC, GA, West Indies
1...... D.... R1.... Ptilinopus perousii perousii................ Columbidae............. Many-colored fruit dove..................... AS
2...... U.... R4.... Rallus longirostris insularum............... Rallidae............... Mangrove clapper rail....................... FL.
2...... D.... R7.... Rissa brevirostris.......................... Laridae................ Red-legged kittiwake........................ AK, Russia
1...... S.... R1.... Rukia ruki.................................. Zosteropidae........... Truk greater white-eye...................... TT (Caroline Islands).
2...... U.... R1.... Sterna elegans.............................. Laridae................ Elegant tern................................ CA, Mexico.
2...... D.... R3.... Sterna hirundo.............................. Laridae................ Common tern (Great Lakes population)........ IL, IN, MI, MN, NY, OH, PA, WI, Canada.
2...... D.... R1.... Sterna nilotica vanrossemi.................. Laridae................ Van Rossem's gull-billed tern............... CA, Mexico
2...... D.... R1.... Strix occidentalis occidentalis............. Strigidae.............. California spotted owl...................... CA, NV.
2...... D.... R1.... Synthliboramphus (=Endomychura) hypoleuca Alcidae................ Xantus' murrelet............................ CA, Mexico.
scrippsi.
2...... D.... R5.... Thryomanes bewickii altus................... Troglodytidae.......... Appalachian Bewick's wren................... AL, GA, KY, MD, NC, OH, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV, Canada.
2...... U.... R1.... Toxostoma lecontei macmillanorum............ Mimidae................ San Joaquin LeConte's thrasher.............. CA
2...... D.... R1.... Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus........ Phasianidae............ Columbian sharp-tailed grouse............... CA, CO, ID, OR, MT, NV, UT, WA, WY, Canada.
1...... D.... R1.... Zosterops conspicillatus rotensis........... Zosteropidae........... Rota bridled white-eye...................... MP.
REPTILES...................................
2...... U.... R4.... Ameiva wetmorei............................. Teiidae................ Blue-tailed ground lizard................... PR.
2...... U.... R1.... Anniella pulchra nigra...................... Anniellidae............ Black California legless lizard............. CA.
2...... D.... R1.... Anniella pulchra pulchra.................... Anniellidae............ Silvery legless lizard...................... CA, Mexico
2...... U.... R4.... Anolis cooki................................ Iguanidae.............. Cook's anole................................ PR.
2...... U.... R4.... Anolis occultus............................. Iguanidae.............. Puerto Rican pygmy anole.................... PR.
2...... U.... R4.... Arrhyton exiguum exiguum.................... Colubridae............. Culebra garden snake........................ PR.
2...... U.... R1.... Charina bottae umbratica.................... Boidae................. Southern rubber boa......................... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Clemmys marmorata marmorata................. Emydidae............... Northwestern pond turtle.................... CA, NV, OR, WA, Canada.
2...... U.... R1.... Clemmys marmorata pallida................... Emydidae............... Southwestern pond turtle.................... CA.
2...... U.... R5.... Clemmys muhlenbergii........................ Emydidae............... Bog turtle (southern pop.).................. CT, DE, GA, MA, MD, NC, NY, NJ, PA, RI, SC, VA.
1...... U.... R5.... Clemmys muhlenbergii........................ Emydidae............... Bog turtle (northern pop.).................. CT, DE, GA, MA, MD, NC, NY, NJ, PA, RI, SC, VA.
2...... S.... R3.... Clonophis kirtlandii........................ Colubridae............. Kirtland's snake............................ IL, IN, KY, MI, OH, PA.
2...... U.... R2.... Cnemidophorus burti......................... Teiidae................ Canyon (giant) spotted whiptail............. AZ, NM.
2...... S.... R2.... Cnemidophorus dixoni........................ Teiidae................ Gray-checkered whiptail..................... NM, TX.
2...... D.... R1.... Cnemidophorus hyperythrus................... Teiidae................ Orange-throated whiptail.................... CA, Mexico.
2...... D.... R1.... Cnemidophorus tigris multiscutatus.......... Teiidae................ Coastal western whiptail.................... CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R1.... Coleonyx switaki (=Anarbylus s.)............ Eublepharidae.......... Barefoot gecko.............................. CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R1.... Coleonyx variegatus abbotti................. Gekkonidae............. San Diego banded gecko...................... CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R1.... Crotalus ruber ruber........................ Viperidae.............. Northern red diamond rattlesnake............ CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R2.... Crotaphytus reticulatus..................... Iguanidae.............. Reticulate collared lizard.................. TX, Mexico.
2...... U.... R4.... Diadophis punctatus acricus................. Colubridae............. Key ringneck snake.......................... FL.
2...... U.... R1.... Diadophis punctatus modestus................ Colubridae............. San Bernardino ringneck snake............... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Diadophis punctatus similis................. Colubridae............. San Diego ringneck snake.................... CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R1.... Elgaria (=Gerrhonotus) panamintina.......... Anguidae............... Panamint alligator lizard................... CA.
2...... D.... R6.... Emydoidea blandingii........................ Emydidae............... Blanding's turtle........................... IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, NE, NY, OH, PA, SD, WI, WY.
2...... U.... R4.... Eumeces egregius egregius................... Scincidae.............. Florida Keys mole skink..................... FL.
2...... U.... R4.... Eumeces egregius insularis.................. Scincidae.............. Cedar Key mole skink........................ FL.
2...... S.... R2.... Eumeces gilberti arizonensis................ Scincidae.............. Arizona Gilbert's skink..................... AZ.
2...... D.... R1.... Eumeces skiltonianus interparietalis........ Scincidae.............. Coronado skink.............................. CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R2.... Gopherus agassizii (=Xerobates a.).......... Testudinidae........... Desert tortoise (Sonoran Desert population). AZ, Mexico.
2...... D.... R4.... Gopherus polyphemus......................... Testudinidae........... Gopher tortoise (eastern population)........ AL, FL, GA, SC.
3C..... N.... R4.... Graptemys barbouri.......................... Emydidae............... Barbour's map turtle........................ AL, FL, GA.
1...... D.... R2.... Graptemys caglei............................ Emydidae............... Cagle's map turtle.......................... TX.
2...... U.... R6.... Graptemys pseudogeographica................. Emydidae............... False map turtle............................ IN, MO, MN, ND, WI.
2...... U.... R1.... Heloderma suspectum cinctum................. Helodermatidae......... Banded Gila monster (Pops. W & N of Colorado AZ, CA, NV, UT
R.).
2...... D.... R4.... Heterodon simus............................. Colubridae............. Southern hognose snake...................... AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC.
2...... U.... R3.... Kinosternon flavescens flavescens........... Kinosternidae.......... Yellow mud turtle (northern populations).... IA, IL, MO, NE.
2...... U.... R2.... Kinosternon hirtipes murrayi................ Kinosternidae.......... Big Bend mud turtle......................... TX, Mexico.
2...... D.... R1.... Lampropeltis zonata parvirubra.............. Colubridae............. San Bernardino mountain king snake.......... CA
2...... U.... R1.... Lampropeltis zonata pulchra................. Colubridae............. San Diego Mountain king snake............... CA.
2...... U.... R2.... Lichanura trivirgata........................ Boidae................. Rosy boa.................................... AZ, CA, Mexico
2...... D.... R4.... Macroclemys temmincki....................... Chelydridae............ Alligator snapping turtle................... AR, AL, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, KS, LA, MO, MS, OK, TN,
TX.
2...... U.... R2.... Malaclemys terrapin littoralis.............. Emydidae............... Texas diamondback terrapin.................. LA, TX.
2...... U.... R4.... Malaclemys terrapin pileata................. Emydidae............... Mississippi diamondback terrapin............ AL, FL, GA, LA, MS
2...... S.... R5.... Malaclemys terrapin terrapin................ Emydidae............... Northern diamondback terrapin............... CT, DE, MD, NC, NJ, NY, MA, RI, VA.
2...... D.... R1.... Masticophis flagellum ruddocki.............. Colubridae............. San Joaquin whipsnake....................... CA
PE..... D.... R1.... Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus........... Colubridae............. Alameda striped racer....................... CA.
2...... U.... R4.... Nerodia clarkii............................. Colubridae............. Gulf salt marsh snake....................... AL, FL, LA, MS, TX.
PT..... U.... R3.... Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta.............. Colubridae............. Northern copperbelly water snake............ IL, IN, KY, MI, OH.
2...... U.... R2.... Nerodia harteri harteri..................... Colubridae............. Brazos water snake.......................... TX.
PT..... D.... R3.... Nerodia sipedon insularum................... Colubridae............. Lake Erie water snake....................... OH, Canada.
2...... U.... R4.... Ophisaurus compressus....................... Anguidae............... Island glass lizard......................... FL, GA, SC.
2...... D.... R4.... Ophisaurus mimicus.......................... Anguidae............... Mimic glass lizard.......................... AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC
2...... D.... R2.... Phrynosoma cornutum......................... Iguanidae.............. Texas horned lizard......................... AZ, AR, CO, KS, LA, MO, NM, OK, TX, Mexico.
2...... D.... R1.... Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillii............ Iguanidae.............. San Diego horned lizard..................... CA, Mexico.
2...... D.... R1.... Phrynosoma coronatum frontale............... Iguanidae.............. California horned lizard.................... CA
2...... U.... R6.... Phrynosoma douglassii brevirostra........... Iguanidae.............. Eastern short-horned lizard................. CO, MT, ND, NE, SE, UT, WY, Canada.
PT..... D.... R1.... Phrynosoma mcallii.......................... Iguanidae.............. Flat-tailed horned lizard................... AZ, CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R4.... Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi.............. Colubridae............. Black pine snake............................ AL, LA, MS.
2...... U.... R4.... Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus......... Colubridae............. Northern pine snake......................... AL, GA, NC, NJ, SC, TN, VA, WV.
2...... D.... R4.... Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus.............. Colubridae............. Florida pine snake.......................... AL, FL, GA, SC.
2...... U.... R1.... Pituophis melanoleucus pumilis.............. Colubridae............. Santa Cruz Island gopher snake.............. CA.
2...... U.... R4.... Pituophis melanoleucus ruthveni............. Colubridae............. Louisiana pine snake........................ LA, TX.
2...... U.... R4.... Pseudemys sp................................ Emydidae............... Mississippe redbelly turtle................. MS
2...... U.... R4.... Pseudemys (decussata) stejnegeri............ Emydidae............... Jicotea..................................... PR.
2...... D.... R4.... Regina septemvittata ssp.................... Colubridae............. Queen snake................................. AR, MO
2...... U.... R1.... Salvadora hexalepis virgultea............... Colubridae............. Coast patch-nosed snake..................... CA.
2...... D.... R1.... Sauromalus obesus........................... Iguanidae.............. Chuckwalla.................................. AZ, CA, NV, UT, Mexico.
2...... D.... R2.... Sceloporus arenicolus (=S. graciosus a.).... Iguanidae.............. Dunes sagebrush lizard...................... TX, NM.
2...... U.... R6.... Sceloporus graciosus graciosus.............. Iguanidae.............. Northern sagebrush lizard................... AZ, CA, ID, MT, ND, NE, NM, OR, WA.
3C..... N.... R1.... Sceloporus graciosus vandenburgianus........ Iguanidae.............. Southern sagebrush lizard................... CA, Mexico.
2...... D.... R4.... Sceloporus woodi............................ Iguanidae.............. Florida scrub lizard........................ FL.
2...... U.... R3.... Sistrurus catenatus catenatus............... Viperidae.............. Eastern massasauga.......................... IA, IL, IN, MI, MO, MN, NY, OH, PA, WI, Canada.
2...... D.... R4.... Stilosoma extenuatum........................ Colubridae............. Short-tailed snake.......................... FL.
2...... U.... R6.... Storeria occipitomaculata pahasapae......... Colubridae............. Black Hills redbelly snake.................. SD, WY
2...... D.... R4.... Tantilla oolitica........................... Colubridae............. Rimrock crowned snake....................... FL.
2...... S.... R5.... Thamnophis brachystoma...................... Colubridae............. Short-headed garter snake................... NY, PA.
2...... D.... R2.... Thamnophis eques............................ Colubridae............. Mexican garter snake........................ AZ, NM, Mexico.
2...... U.... R1.... Thamnophis hammondii........................ Colubridae............. Two-striped garter snake.................... CA.
2...... U.... R2.... Thamnophis rufipunctatus.................... Colubridae............. Narrowhead garter snake..................... AZ, NM, Mexico.
2...... D.... R1.... Thamnophis sirtalis ssp..................... Colubridae............. South coast garter snake.................... CA
2...... U.... R2.... Thamnophis sirtalis annectens............... Colubridae............. Texas garter snake.......................... KS, OK, TX.
2...... U.... R4.... Tropidophis melanurus bucculentus........... Colubridae............. Navassa dusky dwarf boa..................... Navassa Island.
2...... D.... R1.... Uma notata notata........................... Iguanidae.............. Colorado Desert fringed-toed lizard......... CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R2.... Uma notata rufopunctata..................... Iguanidae.............. Cowles fringe-toed lizard................... AZ, Mexico.
2...... S.... R1.... Xantusia henshawi gracilis.................. Xantusiidae............ sandstone night lizard...................... CA
2...... D.... R1.... Xantusia vigilis sierrae.................... Xantusiidae............ Sierra night lizard......................... CA
AMPHIBIANS.................................
1...... D.... R1.... Ambystoma californiense (=A. tigrinum c.)... Ambystomatidae......... California tiger salamander................. CA.
2...... D.... R4.... Ambystoma cingulatum........................ Ambystomatidae......... Flatwoods salamander........................ AL, FL, GA, MS, SC.
1...... D.... R2.... Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi................ Ambystomatidae......... Sonoran tiger salamander.................... AZ, Mexico.
2...... D.... R4.... Aneides aeneus.............................. Plethodontidae......... Green salamander (Southern Blue Ridge GA, NC, SC.
population).
2...... S.... R2.... Aneides hardii.............................. Plethodontidae......... Sacramento mountain salamander.............. NM.
2...... D.... R1.... Ascaphus truei.............................. Ascaphidae............. Tailed frog................................. CA, OR, WA, ID, MT
2*..... D.... R1.... Batrachoseps sp............................. Plethodontidae......... Breckenridge Mountain slender salamander.... CA
2...... U.... R1.... Batrachoseps campi.......................... Plethodontidae......... Inyo Mountains slender salamander........... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Batrachoseps pacificus pacificus............ Plethodontidae......... Channel Islands slender salamander.......... CA.
2...... D.... R1.... Batrachoseps relictus (=pacificus).......... Plethodontidae......... Relictual slender salamander................ CA
2...... U.... R1.... Batrachoseps simatus........................ Plethodontidae......... Kern Canyon slender salamander.............. CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Batrachoseps stebbinsi...................... Plethodontidae......... Techachapi slender salamander............... CA.
2...... D.... R6.... Bufo boreas boreas.......................... Bufonidae.............. Boreal western toad (Rocky Mountains CO, NM, WY.
population).
2...... D.... R1.... Bufo canorus................................ Bufonidae.............. Yosemite toad............................... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Bufo exsul.................................. Bufonidae.............. Black toad.................................. CA.
PE..... D.... R1.... Bufo microscaphus californicus.............. Bufonidae.............. Arroyo southwestern toad.................... CA, Mexico.
2...... U.... R2.... Bufo microscaphus microscaphus.............. Bufonidae.............. Arizona toad................................ AZ, CA, NM, NV, UT, Mexico.
1...... D.... R1.... Bufo nelsoni................................ Bufonidae.............. Amargosa toad............................... NV.
2...... D.... R4.... Cryptobranchus alleganiensis................ Cryptobranchidae....... Hellbender.................................. AL, AR, GA, IA, IL, IN, KY, KS, MD, MN, MO, MS, NC,
NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV.
2...... U.... R4.... Desmognathus aeneus......................... Plethodontidae......... Seepage salamander.......................... AL, GA, NC, TN
2...... U.... R4.... Desmognathus brimleyorum.................... Plethodontidae......... Ouachita dusky salamander................... OK, AR.
1...... D.... R4.... Eleutherodactylus cooki..................... Leptodactylidae........ Guajon, rock frog........................... PR.
1...... D.... R4.... Eleutherodactylus eneidae................... Leptodactylidae........ Mottled coqui (Eneida's coqui).............. PR.
1...... D.... R4.... Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti.............. Leptodactylidae........ Web-footed coqui............................ PR.
2...... U.... R1.... Ensatina eschscholtzii croceator............ Plethodontidae......... Yellow-blotched ensatina.................... CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Ensatina eschscholtzii klauberi............. Plethodontidae......... Large-blotched ensatina..................... CA.
2...... U.... R2.... Eurycea sp.................................. Plethodontidae......... Buttercup Creek salamander.................. TX
2...... U.... R2.... Eurycea sp.................................. Plethodontidae......... Georgetown salamander....................... TX
2...... U.... R2.... Eurycea sp.................................. Plethodontidae......... Jollyville Plateau salamander............... TX
2...... U.... R2.... Eurycea sp.................................. Plethodontidae......... Salado salamander........................... TX
2...... U.... R4.... Eurycea aquatica............................ Plethodontidae......... Dark-sided salamander....................... AL, TN.
2...... U.... R4.... Eurycea junaluska........................... Plethodontidae......... Junaluska salamander........................ NC.
2...... U.... R2.... Eurycea neotenes............................ Plethodontidae......... Texas salamander............................ TX.
PE..... U.... R2.... Eurycea sosorum............................. Plethodontidae......... Barton Springs salamander................... TX.
2...... U.... R2.... Eurycea tridentifera........................ Plethodontidae......... Comal blind salamander...................... TX.
2...... U.... R4.... Gyrinophilus palleucus...................... Plethodontidae......... Tennessee cave salamander (including Berry AL, GA, TN.
Cave salamander).
2...... S.... R5.... Gyrinophilus subterraneus................... Plethodontidae......... West Virginia spring salamander............. WV.
2...... U.... R4.... Haideotriton wallacei....................... Plethodontidae......... Georgia blind salamander.................... GA, FL.
2...... D.... R1.... Hydromantes sp.............................. Plethodontidae......... Owens Valley web-toes salamander............ CA
2...... U.... R1.... Hydromantes brunus.......................... Plethodontidae......... Limestone salamander........................ CA.
2...... U.... R1.... Hydromantes platycephalus................... Plethodontidae......... Mount Lyell salamander...................... CA.
2...... S.... R1.... Hydromantes shastae......................... Plethodontidae......... Shasta salamander........................... CA.
2...... U.... R4.... Necturus sp................................. Proteidae.............. Black Warrior waterdog...................... AL.
2...... U.... R2.... Notophthalmus meridionalis.................. Salamandridae.......... Black-spotted newt.......................... TX, Mexico.
2...... D.... R4.... Notophthalmus perstriatus................... Salamandridae.......... Striped newt................................ FL, GA
3C..... N.... R4.... Plethodon caddoensis........................ Plethodontidae......... Caddo Mountain salamander................... AR.
2...... U.... R1.... Plethodon elongatus......................... Plethodontidae......... Del Norte salamander........................ CA, OR.
3C..... N.... R4.... Plethodon fourchensis....................... Plethodontidae......... Fourche Mountain salamander................. AR.
2...... S.... R5.... Plethodon hubrichti......................... Plethodontidae......... Peaks of Otter salamander................... VA.
2...... U.... R1.... Plethodon larselli.......................... Plethodontidae......... Larch Mountain salamander................... OR, WA.
2...... I.... R2.... Plethodon neomexicanus...................... Plethodontidae......... Jemez Mountains salamander.................. NM.
2...... S.... R5.... Plethodon punctatus......................... Plethodontidae......... Cow Knob (=White-spotted) salamander........ VA, WV.
2...... U.... R1.... Plethodon stormi (=P. elongatus s.)......... Plethodontidae......... Siskiyou Mountains salamander............... CA, OR.
2...... U.... R3.... Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis............ Hyl
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