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Environmental Regulations and Technology, Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge (PDF) (186 pp, 8.25 MB) (EPA/625/R-92/013) July 2003

This report is a primary reference for regional, state, and local regulatory authorities and their constituents. It describes the federal requirements concerning pathogens in sewage sludge and septage destined for land application or surface disposal, and it provides guidance for meeting those requirements. The document has undergone minor revisions from the 1999 edition, including minor editorial changes, an updated list of EPA and state biosolids coordinators, and minor updates to the procedures for analyzing bacteria, helminth ova, and enteroviruses.

Chapter 1 defines sewage sludge, biosolids, and beneficial use, and provides an overview of the regulation governing sewage sludge.

Chapter 2 provides basic information about pathogens and describes why pathogen control is required to protect public health and the environment.

Chapters 3 through 5 discuss the current federal requirements under Sub-part D of Part 503.

Chapters 6 and 7 review the different processes to further reduce pathogens and to significantly reduce pathogens.

Chapter 8 discusses vector attraction reduction issues.

Chapters 9 and 10 summarize sampling and analysis protocols used to meet the quantitative requirements of Part 503.

Chapter 11 outlines the process for applying for equivalency and discusses the kind of support EPA's Pathogen Equivalency Committee can provide to permitting authorities.

Chapter 12 lists general references and additional resources related to biosolids use.

Specific references related to particular topics are also included at the end of each chapter.

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