Underground Storage Tanks

This part of the PVI compendium provides PVI-related guidance documents issued by federal agencies and other groups.

• Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry. February 2008. Evaluating Vapor Intrusion Pathways at Hazardous Waste Sites (PDF). (14 pp, 9K)
• American Petroleum Institute. April 2009. Simulating the Effect of Aerobic Biodegradation on Soil Vapor Intrusion into Buildings - Evaluation of Low Strength Sources Associated with Dissolved Gasoline Plumes. API Publication 4775.
  Presents simulations using the three-dimensional mathematical model developed by Abreu and Johnson (2006, 2005) for a range of scenarios to develop relationships between site-specific conditions and the vapor intrusion attenuation factor.
• American Petroleum Institute. 2010. BioVapor Indoor Vapor Intrusion Model.
  A user-friendly spreadsheet implementation of a steady-state one-dimensional indoor vapor intrusion model with oxygen-limited biodegradation.
• Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials (ASTSWMO). January 2010. Petroleum Vapor Intrusion Status Report (PDF). (6 pp, 29K)
  Summarizes background information on PVI, identifies problems and needs, and describes possible solutions and a future course of action.
• ASTM International. 2010. ASTM Standard D6306 - 10, Standard Guide for Placement and Use of Diffusion Controlled Passive Monitors for Gaseous Pollutants in Indoor Air.
  Provides guidance for the placement and use of passive monitors that when uniformly applied enables the user to eliminate many interferences in the sampling of indoor air.
• ASTM International. 2011. ASTM Standard D7663 - 11, Standard Practice for Active Soil Gas Sampling in the Vadose Zone for Vapor Intrusion Evaluations.
  Discusses key variables, both inside and outside of the control of the sampling personnel, that affect soil-gas sampling results.
• Department of Defense. January 2009. DoD Vapor Intrusion Handbook (PDF). (172 pp, 1.5MB)
  
• Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council. December 2003. Vapor Intrusion Issues at Brownfield Sites (PDF). (78 pp, 972K)
• Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council. Vapor Intrusion Pathway: A Practical Guideline (PDF). January 2007. (172 pp, 3.2MB)
  Provides a generalized framework for evaluating the vapor intrusion pathway and a description of the various tools available for investigation, data evaluation, and mitigation.
• Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council. Vapor Intrusion Pathway: Investigative Approaches for Typical Scenarios: A Supplement to "Vapor Intrusion Pathway: A Practical Guideline" (PDF). January 2007. (52 pp, 1.8MB)
  Reviews hypothetical case histories to help users better understand the nuances of various investigative procedures.
• Johnson, Paul, Mariush Kemblowski, and Richard Johnson. December 1998. Assessing the Significance of Subsurface Contaminant Vapor Migration to Enclosed Spaces: Site-Specific Alternative to Generic Estimates (PDF). American Petroleum Institute Publication Number 4674. (60 pp, 1.9MB)
  Presents several options for assessing the vapor intrusion pathway on a site-specific basis. Also, a vision for a simpler site-specific assessment approach is presented.
• Johnson, Paul, R.A. Ettinger, J. Kurtz, R. Bryan, and J.E. Kester. 2002. Migration of Soil Gas Vapors to Indoor Air: Determining Vapor Attenuation Factors Using a Screening-Level Model and Field Data from the CDOT-MTL Denver, Colorado Site (PDF). American Petroleum Institute Soil and Groundwater Research Bulletin Number 16. (10 pp, 154K)
  An analysis of empirically derived attenuation factors for the soil vapor-to-air pathway and of attenuation factors estimated using the Johnson and Ettinger model.
• Michigan Environmental Science Board. May 2001. Evaluation of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality's Generic Groundwater and Soil Volitization to Indoor Air Inhalation Criteria: A Science Report to Governor John Engler (PDF). (67 pp, 567K)
• Roggemans, Sophie, Cristin Bruce, Paul Johnson, and Richard Johnson. December 2001. Vadose Zone Natural Attenuation of Hydrocarbon Vapors: An Empirical Assessment of Soil Gas Vertical Profile Data (PDF). American Petroleum Institute Soil and Groundwater Research Bulletin Number 15. (12 pp, 447K)
  An empirical assessment of available soil gas profile data, with an emphasis on petroleum hydrocarbon release sites. Aerobic biodegradation was found to be an important factor.
• U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Army. February 2008. Tri-Services Handbook for the Assessment of the Vapor Intrusion Pathway: Final Draft (PDF). IOH-RS-BR-HB-2008-0001 (154 pp, 744K)
• U.S. Air Force. February 2006. Guide for the Assessment of the Vapor Intrusion Pathway (PDF). (64 pp, 4.4MB)
• U.S. Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command. May 2010. Multimedia Training Tools Website.
• United States Postal Service. September 2009. Vapor Intrusion Guidance, Version 1.0 (PDF). (103 pp, 1.7MB)
• Wilson, Lesley, Paul Johnson, and James Rocco. November 2005. Assessing Vapor Intrusion: A Practical Strategy for Assessing the Subsurface Vapor-to-Indoor Air Migration Pathway at Petroleum Hydrocarbon Sites. API Publication 4741.
  Focuses on the collection of soil gas samples for assessing the significance of the subsurface-vapor-to-indoor-air exposure pathway.