WPCXE mi=*kR^u P1~#s^IywR][xdV>*q̿ҘϞ/H>&V)Dtj4Y$' X_>N6QP4H1YmKĪ~ 9DŹiZ+bIf /82^"h(Sli*Ъ*X)!NoDRV{BםTimes New Roman Bold Italic0 A.Bullet p0  :`cLpH8Table Title  @*&&&&&&&&  &&&&&&&&(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular6qqLp4Body Text  XX6 XXX&&XX6   XX6 XXX&&XX6 (P#>F4$&M&&&]&&M @*   &M&&&]&&M d B $&&XX    1    ݀&&Thissurveyisanupdateofthe1995surveyconductedbyMarcelMoreauAssociatesandthe1993survey  conductedbyKenWilcoxAssociates.#&&c#6nnLo4Body Text  X&]&&&]&]&&&]  X&]&&&]&]&&&]  $&&XX    4    ݀&&UL971:AnEvaluationofFlexiblePiping,PetroleumEquipmentandTechnology,July/August1996.#&&f#(>1F@$  &@ &&&  1  &@ &&&  $&&XX    3    ݀&&Thisinformationhasnotbeenupdatedfromthe1995survey.#&&c#(I3}$ j!H&&XX  >$"Small Circle"0  077L8.2Head1&&&  &&&   $.&&XX    3    ݀.y&&Thisinformationhasnotbeenupdatedfromthe1995survey.#.&&yc#TABLE D(>1F@$  &@ &&&  1  &@ &&& (9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular1, 2, 3,Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5B?m&21, 2, 3,Numbers/1  ./0    d&0 d d(P#>F4$&M&&&]&&M @*   &M&&&]&&M       :~*&ݪ&XX  A1) xdFE xA   1997FlexiblePipingSurveyf f C(#PageA  1   )&&XX  A1)-xdE xA   1997FlexiblePipingSurvey&!&! (#Page  1   })&&XX  A1)-xdE xA   1997FlexiblePipingSurvey$!$! (#Page  1  (I3}$ j!H&&XX  TABLE C077L8.2Head1&&&  &&&    $&&XX    3    ݀,b &&Sourcesindicatethattwoadditionalmanufacturers,CentronInternational,Inc.,andS.BravoSystems,  Inc.,havealsopursuedUL971listingsfortheirproducts.ThroughpreliminarydiscussionswithaCentronrepresentative,itbecameevidentthatCentronmanufacturestraditionalrigidfiberglasspipingratherthanflexiblepiping.S.BravoSystemsmanufacturesflexiblepipingsystems,butrepresentativesfromS.Bravodidnotrespondtorequestsforinformation.Asaresult,CentronInternationalandS.BravoSystemsproductinformationisnotincludedinthissurvey.#&& ,bc#TABLE F v $&&XX    2    ݀,b &&ICFlimiteditssearchtouptoninepublicrespondents,soasnottotriggerrequirementsunderthe  PaperworkReductionActof1980forOfficeofManagementandBudgetclearanceonsurveysof10ormorepublicrespondents.TABLE A $&&XX    4    ݀,b &&Asnotedonpage2,thisinformationhasnotbeenupdatedfromthe1995survey.#&& ,bc#  $&&XX    1    ݀,b &&Thissurveyisanupdateofthe1995surveyconductedbyMarcelMoreauAssociatesandthe1993survey  conductedbyKenWilcoxAssociates.:`cLpH8Table Title  @*&&&&&&&&  &&&&&&&&TABLE BTABLE ETABLE ETABLE CTABLE D  $&&XX    5    ݀,b &&UL971:AnEvaluationofFlexiblePiping,PetroleumEquipmentandTechnology,July/August1996.#&& ,bf#6nnLV4Body Text  XX6 XXX&&XX6   XX6 XXX&&XX6 6qqLD4Body Text  XXXXX&&XX  XXXXX&&XX  L $&&XX    7    ݀,b &&ItisunclearastowhetherBuffaloEnvironmentalhasperformedproducttestingforMTBE,becausethey  didnotprovideanupdateontheirproducts.#&& ,bc#TABLE GTABLE B $&&XX    6    ݀,b &&Informationobtainedfromwww.chevron.com/prodserv/gas_q&a/mtbe.html.#&& ,bc#(SFFq\$  XOXXX   1  XOXXX  $Y&ݪ&XX    4    ݀Y9 &&ݪAsnotedonpage2,thisinformationhasnotbeenupdatedfromthe1995survey.#Y&ݪ& 9c#(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular(PCFG$  XXXX   1  XXXX  '77777f@77Q@777777@7TABLE F7@@@@@@@@@@@@H@@@@y@@@@@@@@@@@@y@@@@@@@@@TABLE A@EE@EX@E?EE@EE $@G)GGGGGGGGGG GG4@G?G$@G$@GG ףp= @GN@GX@G ?GGG?G@GL@GG@GN@GX@G $@GGGRQ?G,@GGG@GI@GX@G $@TABLE EGIK KKKK?KKKKKMMMMMMMMM4@MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMTABLE DMSSSSSSp@SSSSSSSS4@SSSSSTABLE GS j!H&&XX  9_&G&&&z&&G     _s@@*    SURVEYOFFLEXIBLEPIPINGSYSTEMS_s  ӌ  Ќz&&   &&&&&&&&      @@00%March1997c݌  Ќ&&&&&&&&   &&&&&&&&    0  @@*0݌̌&&&&&&&&   &&&&&&&&    T  T<ICFIncorporatedT݌ z Ќ&&&&&&&&   &&&&&&&&      Fairfax,VA݌ T Ќ&&&&&&&&   &&&&&&&&      @@ZZ"?݌̌&&&&&&&&   A1) xdE xA  X  &G&&&XOqX&&G     D  Background D  ӌ ?  ЌXXXOq&&X  c  X&&&&&&&&  cr   Forthepurposesofthissurvey,aflexiblepipelineisdefinedasapipelineconstructedofflexible  o  materialthatcanbeinstalledinsinglelongrunswithoutthenecessityofregularjointseithertoextendthelengthofthelineorchangedirections.Thismaterialisusuallyshippedinrollsthatarehundredsoffeetlong,withtheinstallercuttinglengthstofittherequirementsofeachinstallation.Mostvarietiesofflexiblepipingareavailablewithsecondarycontainmenteitherasanoptionoranintegralpartoftheprimarypiping.Inallcases,thesecondarycontainmentpipingwillnotserveasprimarypiping.Thesecondarycontainmentpipingisdesignedtochannelleakagebacktoasumpormonitorpoint,whereitcanbedetected.cr ݌̌  X&&&&&&&&  c  X&&&&&&&&  c   Becausethesepipelinesdiffersignificantlyfromthemoretraditionalsteelandfiberglass  reinforcedplastic(FRP)pipelines,theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)hasperiodicallyrequestedasurveyoftheircharacteristicsandavailability.Thisisthethirdinstallmentofthissurvey.C #  1      c >݌ } Ќ  X&&&&&&&&   &G&&&XOqX&&G       Methodology   ӌ 1 ЌXXXOq&&X  c  X&&&&&&&&  c  Thesurveywasconductedbycontactingflexiblepipingmanufacturersthatwereidentified a throughavarietyofsourcesofinformation,includingprevioussurveys,tradejournals,andindustrycontacts.?2 #  2      ׀Forthepurposesofthisreview,aflexiblepipingmanufacturerisdefinedasacompanythat  marketsaflexiblepipingsystem(i.e.,piping,fittings,joints,etc.).Thisincludescompaniesthatmanufactureoneormorecomponentsofaflexiblepipingsystembutemploythirdpartycomponents(e.g.,pipingmanufacturedbyFuronSynflex)tocompletetheirsystems,aswellascompaniesthatmanufactureallofthecomponentsoftheirflexiblepipingsystem.ManufacturersincludedinthisreviewhavepursuedUnderwritersLaboratories(UL)and/orUnderwritersLaboratoriesofCanada(ULC)listingsfortheirproducts;however,itispossiblethatothermanufacturersexistorthatnewpipingmaterialsmayenterthemarketinthefuture.ManufacturersandpersonnelcontactedarelistedinTable1.cN݌̌  X&&&&&&&&  c  X&&&&&&&&  ce  Informationprovidedbymanufacturerswasnotindependentlyverified.Adraftofthis I$$ documentwassubmittedtosurveyrespondentsandMarcelMoreauAssociatesfortechnicalreview.ce݌̌  X&&&&&&&&   &'"' Їq      q@ff&&&&&&&&  Table1.ListofManufacturersofFlexiblePipingSystemsIncludedintheSurveyq݌  Ќ    &&&&&&&&  *w@Addd Xdd Xdd X(#(#w,dd ,dd ,dd +  +2 d +Manufacturer ;2*"2 ;Contact ;2*"2 ;Phone 0&$"  2 0AdvancedPolymerTechnology,Inc.  6 BobVersaw  6 6167599112 6" AmeronFiberglassPipeSystems     ReidVanCleave     7136907777 '  " 'BuffaloEnvironmentalProductsCorp. ' b  'GlennEckart ' b  '4105530170  b" ContainmentTechnologies    MichaelNolan    6109938140  " EnvironProducts,Inc.   >  ChrisUrsillo   >  6105940297  > " TiteflexIndustrialAmericas  \  BillWatkins  \  4137395631 \ " TotalContainment,Inc.    RandyBraun    6106667777  " WesternFiberglass,Inc.(a.k.a.WesternFG)  8  RichardLewis  8  7075232050"8 "  ",b &&  #&& ,bi!#Since1995,onemanufacturerofflexiblepipingsystems,SmithFiberglassProducts,haschosen F todiscontinuedomesticsalesofitsflexiblepipingproduct,Smithflex.Anothermanufacturer,BuffaloEnvironmentalProductsCorp.,didnotrespondtorequestsforupdatedinformation.Asaresult,BuffaloEnvironmentalsproductinformationinthissurvey(showninitalics)hasnotbeenupdatedfromthe " 1995survey.Twoadditionalmanufacturers(TiteflexIndustrialAmericasandWesternFiberglass)havebeenincludedinthissurvey.= #  3       8$  &G&&&XOqX&&G     $  Results $$ $ ӌ <& ЌXXXOq&&X  c  X&&&&&&&&  c%  AnoverviewofflexiblepipingsystemsispresentedinTables2and3attheendofTQthis Results  ( sectionTP.Table2describeskeyparametersofavailableflexiblepipingsystems,whileTable3detailsconstructionandcompatibilityinformation.Otherspecificinformationforindividualmanufacturersispresentedbelow:c%H&݌̌  X&&&&&&&&  q\  & &&&    q\q(  AdvancedPolymerTechnology(PolyTech)q\q(( (Ԍ !^- Ќ  && &&   A   A)p0    Alldiametersofpipeareavailableinmodelsforeitherpressureorsuctionpumpingsystems.A)*݌"/(#(# Ќ   A   A*p0    Alldiametersofpipeareavailableineithercoaxialsecondarilycontainedordirectbury(single #0 walled)models.A*+݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A,p0    Primaryandsecondarypipingareinstalledasasingleunit.Thesecondarypipefitssnugly P% 2 aroundtheprimaryandcontainssmallgroovesparalleltothepipeaxistochannelleakagetoapointwhereitcanbedetected.A,>,݌'T"4(#(# Ќ   A   A-p0    Thenylon12usedasalinerfortheprimarypipehasbeenusedbyGeneralMotorsforthefuel  linesinitsautomobilessince1980.A--݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A.p0    Fittingsusedinthissystemareboltoncompressionfittings.A./݌d(#(# Ќ   A   A/p0    Allpipingmodelsincorporateapatentedpermeationbarriertechnologytoreducepermeationto > verylowlevels.A/ 0݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A 1p0    Thereisalsoa3"diameterprimarypipethatdiffersinconstructionfromthesmallerdiameter B pipeconstructionlistedinTable3.The3"diameterprimarypipeisconstructedofamodifiedcrosslinkedpolyacrylonitrileelastomerliner,permeationbarriers,polyesterbraid,wirehelix,andnitrilecover.Thesecondaryjacketonthe3"pipeisatightfittingsleevecomprisedofmodifiedcrosslinkedpolyacrylonitrileelastomer,polyesterbraid,andnitrilecover.Therearenoflowchannelsinthesecondaryjacketofthe3"model.A 161݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A3p0    Alsoavailableisaflexibleproductdesignedforventlinesandvaporrecoveryapplications.The ^  productisavailablein2"and3"diameters,singlewallorcoaxialdoublewall.The2"ventpipingissimilarinconstructiontothe3"pressurepiping,withthe3"ventpipingbeingsimilarinconstructiontothe3"pressurepiping.A34݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A5p0    Aflexible,metallicducted(MDseries)pipeisavailableforuseinmarinaandaboveground v  applications.A56݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A7p0    ULlistingsforbothprimaryandsecondarypipehavebeenobtainedon1.5",1.75",and2" *z piping.ULClistingsforbothprimaryandsecondarypipehavebeenobtainedon0.5",0.75",1",1.5",1.75",and2"piping.ULClistingshavealsobeenobtainedonsystemcomponentssuchassumps,entryboots,etc.A7Q7݌ (#(# Ќ   ffff9q\  & &&&    q\;9  AmeronFiberglassPipeSystems(Dualoy3000/FLXIIandDualoy3000/FLXIII)q\;99 |9Ԍ j Ќ  && &&   A   A:p0    Dualoy3000/FLXIhasbeendiscontinuedsincethe1995survey.A::݌(#(# Ќ   A   A;p0    TheDualoy3000/FLXsystems(1.5"and2")areULlistedforallfuels,including100%  alcohols,forbothprimaryandsecondarypiping.A;;݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A<p0    TheDualoy3000/FLXsystems(1.5"and2")utilizeaswagedonswivelcouplingthatallowsfor \ 1"ofaxialmovement.A<!=݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A#>p0    TheDualoy3000/FLXII(1.5"and2")systemscombineaflexibleprimarypipewithrigid ` secondaryfiberglasscontainmentthatismechanicallyjointed.A#>P>݌ (#(# Ќ   A   Au?p0    TheDualoy3000/FLXIII(1.5"and2")systemscombineaprimaryflexiblepipewithacoaxial ! secondaryjacketinoneunitfordirectburial.Au??݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A@p0    TheDualoy3000/FLXprimarysystems(1.5"and2")areULlistedfora75psioperating x!# pressure.A@@݌ (#(# Ќ   q\  & &&&    q\A  BuffaloEnvironmentalProductsCorp.(BufflexII)BX #  4      q\AHB BԌ $0 ' Ќ  && &&   A   ACp0    Pipingisavailablebothinreplaceable(primarypipingslidesinandoutofsecondary)andnon &!) replaceable(primaryandsecondaryinintimatecontact)varieties,allwithsmoothbores.ACD݌ (#(# Ќ   A   AgEp0    TheNylon11liner(refertoTable3)isusedinprimarypipingthatistohandlepetroleumbased H(#+ fuelswith10%orlessalcoholcontent.Kynar(aTeflonbasedmaterial)isusedinprimarypipingthatistohandlefuelblendswithgreaterthan10%alcoholcontent.AgEE݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A,Gp0    TheBufflexprimarypipingconstructionincludesadoublehelixspringsteelwirereinforcement *&&. toprovideflexibilitywithoutkinking.Thepipingconstructiongreatlyreducesstretchingofthepipingwhenusedwithpressurizedpumpsandpreventscollapseofthepipingwhenusedwithsuctionpumps.A,GYG݌ (#(# Ќ   A   AIp0    ThesecondarycontainmentissmoothborePVCreinforcedwithaPVCspiralmember.There > arenocorrugationstotrapproductorhinderinsertionoftheprimarypipe.AIAI݌ (#(# Ќ   A   AuJp0    Thereplaceabletypepipingcomeswitha30yearwarrantyand$2millionpollutionliability B insurancecoverage,providedthepipingisproperlyinstalledandmonitored.Thenonreplaceablepipinghasaoneyearwarrantyandnoaccompanyinginsurance.AuJJ݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A.Lp0    TheUL971listingfortheprimarypipeispending,withacceptanceexpectedbyMarch1,1995.A.LmL݌ (#(# Ќ   T[TWfffflMq\  & &&&    q\M  ContainmentTechnologies(PermaFlexx)q\MN MԌ  2  Ќ  && &&   A   ANp0    Themanufacturerpreferstocallthisproductapiperatherthanahose.Thisproductcanbeused   forventandvaporrecoverypipingbecauseofitsabilitytolayflatandmaintainitsslopeunderground.AN O݌ (#(# Ќ   A   AdPp0    Alldiametersofpipecanbeusedforpressurizedorsuctionpumpingsystems.AdPP݌$t (#(# Ќ   A   AaQp0    Alldiametersofprimarypipingcanbeusedinsecondarilycontainedorsinglewall(directbury) N applications.AaQQ݌ (#(# Ќ   A   ARp0    Thesecondarypipingisinstalledaftertheprimarypipingisalreadyinplace.Theprimarypipe  cannotberemovedorreplacedwithoutexcavation.ARR݌ (#(# Ќ   A   ASp0    AlthoughonlyrelativelyrecentlyintroducedinNorthAmerica,thispipingtechnologyhasbeen f inuseinEuropesince1981.Millionsoffeetofthisproducthavebeeninstalledworldwide.AST݌ (#(# Ќ   A   ASUp0    The10yearmaterialswarrantyapplieswhenthepipingisusedwithtankanddispensersumps j manufacturedbyContainmentTechnologies.ASUU݌ (#(# Ќ   A   AVp0    PermaFlexxprimarypipingisULlisted,andboththeprimaryandsecondarypipingislisted  withULC,includingMTBEblends. AVV݌(#(# Ќ   q\  & &&&    q\W  EnvironProducts(GeoFlexSandGeoFlexD)q\WQX $XԌ 6 Ќ  && &&   A   AaYp0    EarliermodelsofpipingfromthismanufacturerincludeFlexI(singlewalled,directbury),Flex :  II(doublewalled),andGeoflexI(doubledwalled,forpetroleumfuelsonly).EnvironcurrentlymanufacturesGeoFlexS(SingleWall)andGeoFlexD(DoubleWall)piping,aswellasGeoVentS(SingleWall)ventpiping.AaYY݌ (#(# Ќ   A   AX[p0    Environofferspipingin0.75",1.5",and2"sizesforbothpressureandsuctionsystems.All R"$ EnvironGeoFlexandGeoVentpipingisULlistedforpetroleum,alcohols,andpetroleumalcoholmixtures.1.5"and2"GeoFlexDhavelistingsforboththeprimaryandsecondarypipes.3"GeoFlexiscurrentlyundergoingULtesting.AX[[݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A[]p0    2"GeoVentSpipinghasbeentestedbyULundervacuumconditionswithoutfailure.A[]]݌% !((#(# Ќ   A   A]^p0    EnvironalsooffersGeoDuctflexibleducting.Thislargediametercorrugatedpipepermits &!) removalofeitherGeoFlexSorGeoFlexDwithoutexcavation.A]^^݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A_p0    EnvironofferstheLDSLeakDetectionSystem,whichisafullsecondarycontainmentleak H(#+ detectionsystem.TheinterstitialspaceoftheGeoFlexDpipingandcontainmentsumpscanbemonitoredusingthisleakdetectionsystem.TheLDSLeakDetectionSystemisUL913and1238listedforuseinClassIDivisionIGroupDhazardouslocations.ThirdpartyconfirmationthattheLDSsystemmeetsEPAregulatoryguidelinesforautomaticlineleakdetectorsisexpectedbyApril1,1997.A__݌ (#(# Ќ   A   ARbp0    EnvironistestingwithUnderwritersLaboratoriesfor Coaxdoublewallfittingsforusewith d-(1 GeoFlexDpiping.Thesefittingsprovidefullsecondarycontainmentandmonitoringofthefittingsandriserpipe.ListingisexpectedintheSpringof1997.ARbb݌ (#(# Ќ   A   Adp0    InstallationoftheGeoFlexpipingsystemandanEnvironmanufacturedorapprovedleak d detectionsystemqualifiestheinstallationfora30yearwarranty.Ad?d݌ (#(# Ќ   A   Ahep0    InadditiontotheListingsnotedabove,EnvironcurrentlyhasULlistingsonflexibleentryboots, h dispensersumps,dispensermountingframes,tanksumps,andtanksumpmountingdevices.Ahee݌ (#(# Ќ   q\  & &&&    q\f  TiteflexIndustrialAmericas(Primeflex,Primeflex20)q\fTg 'gԌ   Ќ  && &&   A   A:hp0    Primeflexisconstructedfrom304stainlesssteelwirebraidwithaflexiblePTFEconvoluted 4   innercore.Endfittingsaremadefromzincplatedcarbonsteel.A:hgh݌ (#(# Ќ   A   Aip0    Primeflexisdesignedtobeusedwithbothrigidandflexiblesecondarycontainment.Itcanbe 8  installedinbothnewandexistinginstallationswithfieldattachablefittings.Fittingsareavailableinrigid,swivel,male,female,andflangedvarieties.Aii݌ (#(# Ќ   A   ANkp0    33ULlistingispendingonthePrimeflex20piping.ANk{k݌v (#(# Ќ   q\  & &&&  33  q\Bl  TotalContainment(Enviroflex,Omniflex)q\Bll lԌ  Ќ  && && 33  A   33Amp0    Enviroflexprimarypipingisinstalledafterthesecondaryisinplaceandcanberemovedand 9 replaced.Omniflexprimaryandsecondaryareinstalledasasingleunit;theprimarycannotberemovedfromthesecondary.Amm݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A/op0    FirstgenerationEnviroflexprimarypiping(yellowcolor)hasbeendiscontinuedexceptfora2.5"  pipesystemfordieselfuelapplications.SecondgenerationEnviroflexprimarypiping(bonecolor)iscompatiblewithpetroleumbasedfuelandalcohol/petroleumblendsupto100%ethanolormethanol.A/o\o݌ (#(# Ќ   A   Aqp0    Alldiametersofpipecanbeusedforbothpressurizedandsuctionpumpingsystems.AqBq݌/(#(# Ќ   A   Arp0    1.5"and2.5"primarypipehasacorrugatedinnertubetoprovideflexibilitywithoutkinking.ArEr݌ Y(#(# Ќ   A   A&sp0    TotalContainmentalsooffersa2.5inchventandvaporrecoverypipethatisULandULClisted 3 andiscompatiblewithpetroleumbasedfuelsandalcohol/petroleumblendsupto100%ethanolormethanol.A&sSs݌ (#(# Ќ   A   Atp0    HDPEtankanddispensersumps,withpenetrationfittings,areavailable,carryaULandULC q   listing,andarecompatiblewithpetroleumbasedfuelsandalcohol/petroleumblendsupto100%ethanolormethanol.Att݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A6vp0    TotalContainmentoffersalineoffiberglasstankanddispensersumps.Thefiberglasstankand "O# dispensersumpsarebeingpreparedforsubmittaltoULandULCforapproval.A6vcv݌ (#(# Ќ   33mq\  & &&&  33  q\w  WesternFiberglass,Inc.(CoFlex)q\w$x wԌ g&!' Ќ  && && 33  A   33Axp0    InadditiontodoublewalledCoFlexpiping,Westernalsomanufactures2",3",and4"StageII (k#) Vapor/Vent/RemoteFillsinglewallpipeand3",4",and6"Conduit/Chasetriplecontainmentpipe.ULlistedtanktop,utility,vapor,transition,anddispensermounting/containmentassemblies(sumps)arealsoavailable.Ax5y݌ (#(# Ќ   A   Azp0    DoublewalledCoFlexpipingmaybeinstalledwithinaHDPEconduit/chasetoachievetriple +&- containment.Az,{݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A#|p0    CoFlexissuppliedin1000footreelsor200footboxesandisUVprotectedforoutdoorstorage. 7-(/ Cutlengthsareavailable.A#|P|݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A\}p0    WesternalsomanufacturesclamponDirectConnectionterminationfittingsthatareplacedon  theoutsideofthepipeandtightenedwithatorquewrench.A\}}݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A~p0    Pipingproductsaresuitableforsuctionorpressuresystems.A~~݌>(#(# Ќ   33#y33q      q@*&&&&&&&&  q݌    Ќ    &&&&&&&&  TRP'3 Letter Landscape3''3 Letter Landscape3'T  Table2:DescriptionofAvailableFlexiblePipingSystems  q      q؂@7&&&&&&&&  q؂݌̌    &&&&&&&&  TD*wEFd ddd dd dd @A..w,8dd ,8dd ,Hdd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  +222 h + &&Company ;22*|"222 ;Product ;22*|"22 ;Diameter(Inch) ;22*0 "22 ;FirstInstallation ;22*0  "22 ;NumberofInstallations ;22*0  "22 ;InstallerTraining ;22*| "22 ;MinimumBendRadius(Inches) ;22* 4"22 ;TestPressure:Primary/Secondary ;22* "22 ;Listing =222*|"22 =MaterialsWarranty 52&$0 "  222 5AdvancedPolymerTechnology "H 2 "PolyTech   0 .5,.75,1,1.5,1.75,2,3  H  May1992   0 2500worldwide(6570%US)  H " onsitetrainingrequiredforfirstjob,videotrainingaidsavailable   L & 24(1.5"pipe)  0'" 60/10psi(1.5")   ) UL971ULCORDC107.14,107.19,107.21(seetextforspecificlistings) 2 d / 10years '2 002 'Ameron " 12 "Dualoy3000/FLXIIDualoy3000/FLXIII  07 1.52.01.52.0  0= April1995June1996 7- 0C @7050@77050 7-+|H @7050 @ 7onsitetrainingrequiredforfirstjob.Classroomtrainingandslideprogramalsoavailable D: 0N 5-wA243024305-wAD24302430 D:80T" 5-wA24302430 5-wA D50/1015psi50/1015psi  |Y UL971UL971 2 |^ 10years10years 02!|c2 0Buffalo1 4*xd2 4BufflexII 'xe '1,1.5,2 'xf '198990 'xg '300(US) xh 700(other) ',|i 'onsitetraining xj requiredforfirstjob G=,|k  .@15.@G15 G=2xl"  .@15 .@ G60/515psi 'xm 'ULCORDC107.4,107.19,107.21 020p 030years+ xq pollutionliabilityinsurance 02!t2 0ContainmentTechnologies "v2 "PermaFlexx  ,w .75,1.65,2  y March1993  ,z 1200(75%NorthAmerica,25%SouthAmerica)   trainingvideo;onsitetrainingisoptional >4 D  B@36B@>36 >42,"  B@36 B@ >60/5psi  , UL971(primaryonly)ULCORDC107.14,107.19,107.21 2  10years )22,2 )Environ )2`22 )GeoFlexSGeoFlexD )22 ).75,1.5,2,(3"Spr.97) )2\2 )June1992 )2D2 )Thousandsworldwide )22 )onsitetrainingrequiredforfirstjob R2A2  8@248@R24#&&#&& R2A?D"  8@24 8@2 R60/10psi )2D2 )UL971ULCORDC107.14,107.19,107.21 +22`2 +10years30yearsystem&  22 &#&&#,b &&NOTE:OnlyofficiallycompletedUL971listingsareindicatedinthistable. ULlistingsareforprimaryandsecondarypipingunlessotherwisenoted.    ULCORDC107.14isatpresentanunpublisheddraftdocument.#&& ,b#&& p! 1Informationnotupdatedfromthe1995survey.  8"W /&&&XX6 3/+&&&XX6 &&+ q       o q%@.&&&&&&&&  Table2,continuedq%n݌  Ќ    &&&&&&&&  q      qɧ@7&&&&&&&&  qɧ݌̌    &&&&&&&&  /&&&XX6 &&/+&XX6 &&+ T*GHd d8dd 8dd Hdd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd EF..,8dd ,8dd ,Hdd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  +222 h + P #&&%#&&Company ;22*|"222 ;Product ;22*|"22 ;Diameter(Inch) ;22*0 "22 ;FirstInstallation ;22*0  "22 ;NumberofInstallations ;22*0  "22 ;InstallerTraining ;22*| "22 ;MinimumBendRadius(Inches) ;22* 4"22 ;TestPressure:Primary/Secondary ;22* "22 ;Listing =222*|"22 =MaterialsWarranty 72&$0 "  222 7TiteflexIndustrialAmericas )H 2 )PrimeflexPrimeflex20 ) L  )1.5,2.0#&&#&&1.5,2.0 K: L " $@1993$@K1993 K:8 L & $@1993 $@ K10(total) ) L * )onsitetraining UD 0+  ףp= @7.510 ףp= @U7.510 UDB L /"  ףp= @7.510  ףp= @ U60psi60psi ) L 3 )UL971(primaryonly)UL971(pendingτprimaryonly) +2 8 +1year20years )2 L <2 )TotalContainment ) >2 )EnviroflexOmniflex )4F ).5,.75,1,1.5,2.51.5 )K )Nov.1989June1994 )P )7500(US)1600(other)950 )U )onsitetrainingrequiredforfirstjob 2! W 26(1.5primary)or12(2.5primary)24(secondary)15(primary)24(secondary) 2!|]" 260/510psi60/510psi )b )UL971ULCORDC107.4,107.19,107.21UL971ULCORDC107.4,107.7,107.19 +24j +10years )22H k2 )WesternFG(WesternFiberglass,Inc.) )2,|l22 )CoFlex )2,|m2 )1.52.0 )2p2 )March1995 )2,|q2 )Thousands )2,|r2 )onsitetrainingrequiredforfirstjob,classroomavailable T2CHv2 @2430@T2430 T2CAy" @2430 @2 T50/515psi )2,|z2 )UL971ULCORDC107.14,107.19 +22}2 +10years#&&š# &,|~  22 &,b &&NOTE:OnlyofficiallycompletedUL971listingsareindicatedinthistable. ULlistingsareforprimaryandsecondarypipingunlessotherwisenoted.  ,|~ ULCORDC107.14isatpresentanunpublisheddraftdocument.#&& ,b{#  D   q      qҫ@``&&&&&&&&  Table3:ConstructionandCompatibilityofFlexiblePipingSystemsqҫ݌  Ќ    &&&&&&&&  q      qx@7&&&&&&&&  qx݌̌    &&&&&&&&  *KLd d8dd 8dd Hdd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd GH..,dd ,dd , dd ,'dd ,dd ,dd +  +222   + &&Company ;22*0 "222 ;Product ;22*0 "22 ;PrimaryPipeConstruction(InsidetoOutside) ;22* 4 "22 ;PrimaryPipeCompatibility ;22* 4 "22 ;SecondaryPipeConstructioǹ(InsidetoOutside) =222* "22 =SecondaryPipeCompatibility 52&$ 4"  222 5AdvancedPolymerTechnology " 2 "PolyTech   0 ЄNylon12liner̄proprietarypermeationbarrier̄Nylon6braid̄polyethylenecover  L  petroleum,alcohols,MTBE    Єpolyethylenēpermeationbarrier̄polyethylene 2 H  #&&#&&petroleum,alcohols,  0 MTBE#&&##&& '2 2 'Ameron "D 2 "Dualoy3000/FLXIIDualoy3000/FLXIII  ` $ Єfluoroplasticliner̄nylon/nylonbraid̄fluoroplasticliner̄nylon/nylonbraid  d) petroleum,alcohols,MTBEpetroleum,alcohols,MTBE  / FLXII:̄resinrichliner̄epoxyresin̄glassfiber̄epoxyresinFLXIII:̄polyethlene 2 |6 #&&#&&petroleum,alcohols#&&#&& 02!D 72 0Buffalo1 4*82 4BufflexII '9 'ЄNylon11orKynar : Єpolyesteryarnbraidinḡpolyurethanēdoublehelixspringsteelwirēpolyurethane '> 'petroleum,alcohols '? 'Єpolyvinylchloride(PVC) 02@ 0#&&#&&petroleum,alcohols#&&#&&Ԁ#&&D#&& 02!A2 0ContainmentTechnologies "C2 "PermaFlexx  ,D Єnylon(DupontSelar)̄polyethylene  F petroleum,alcohols,MTBE  H Єpolyethylene 2 ,I #&&#&&petroleum,alcohols, ,J MTBE#&&#&& )22K2 )Environ )2(L22 )GeoflexS&D )2(M2 )Єproprietarypermeationbarrier̄flexiblestructuralfillerlayer̄braidedfiberreinforcement̄thermoplastic )2DQ2 )petroleum,alcohols,MTBE )2S2 )Єpolyethylene#&&V#&& (T Єproprietarytielayer̄nylon +22@V2 +#&&#&&petroleum,alcohols, (W MTBE#&&#&&&X  22 &1Informationnotupdatedfromthe1995survey.#&&"#&& (X   Y /&&&XX6 /+&&&XX6 &&+ q        q|@.&&&&&&&&  Table3,continuedq|ſ݌  Ќ    &&&&&&&&  q      q@7&&&&&&&&  q;݌̌    &&&&&&&&  /&&&XX6 &&;/+&XX6 &&+ (s*MNdddd dd  dd 'dd dd dd KL..,dd ,dd , dd ,'dd ,dd ,dd +  +222   +  #&&}#&&Company ;22*0 "222 ;Product ;22*0 "22 ;PrimaryPipeConstruction(InsidetoOutside) ;22* 4 "22 ;PrimaryPipeCompatibility ;22* 4 "22 ;SecondaryPipeConstructioǹ(InsidetoOutside) =222* "22 =SecondaryPipeCompatibility 72&$ 4"  222 7TiteflexIndustrialAmericas#&&#&& ) 2 )PrimeflexPrimeflex20#&&#&& )  )ЄPTFETeflonimpregnatedfiberglass̄stainlesssteelbraid̄PTFETeflonimpregnatedfiberglass#&&#&& d  ЄPPS )h  )petroleum,alcohols#&&a#&&,  0  MTBE ) ! )None +2 0" +N/A )2 0#2 )TotalContainment )` $2 )EnviroflexOmniflex )' )Єproprietaryinnertubēreinforcingbraid̄polyethylene )|+ )petroleum,alcohols,MTBE#&&#&& )d- )Єpolyethylene +2` . +petroleum,alcohols,MTBE(Enviroflexonly) )22d02 )WesternFG )2122 )CoFlex )222 )ЄPVDF̄innerlinerUrethanePolyesterreinforcementbraidjacket )2,|52 )petroleum,alcohols,MTBE )2x72 )Єpolyethylene +2282 +petroleum,alcohols,MTBE#&&# U&x:  22 &  <  &G&&&XOqX&&G    TRY$3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape3' Letter'3 Letter LandscapeT }  AdditionalItemsofInterest }:  ӌ  ЌXXXOq&&X  q\  & &&&    q\  UnderwritersLaboratories,Inc.(UL)Listingsq\ RԌ  Ќ  && &&     NonmetallicpetroleumpipingsystemsarecurrentlyevaluatedusingULStandard971, D  NonmetallicUndergroundPipingforFlammableLiquids.Thefocusofthestandardisnonmetallicprimaryandsecondaryrigidpetroleumpiping(i.e.,fiberglass).However,thestandardcontains  H provisionsthatapplytoflexiblepiping.Someofthemajortestsforflexiblepipinginclude:asustainedpressuretest;aleakagetest;immersiontests;anairovenagingtest;andapermeabilitytest.ForamorecompletedescriptionofthetestsapplyingtoflexiblepipinginUL971,pleaserefertoAppendixAofthissurvey.AdiscussionoftheUnderwritersLaboratoriesofCanada(ULC)standardsforflexiblepipingisalsoincludedinAppendixA.  ULiscurrentlydevelopingandrevisingtheULstandardsforundergroundpipingsystemsandrelatedcategories.ULplanstoformallyincorporatespecificrequirementsforflexiblepipingintoUL971in1997.Inaddition,ULhasdevelopedalistingprogramforvaporrecoverypipeandventpipe.Ifthereissufficientinterest,ULwillincorporateprovisionsforvaporrecoveryandventpipeintoUL971oraseparatestandard.O #  5       V q\  & &&&    q\  UnderwritersLaboratoriesofCanada(ULC)Listingsq\  Ԍ  Z Ќ  && &&   c  X&&&&&&&&  c  ULhasaparallelorganizationinCanadaknownasUnderwritersLaboratoriesofCanada  (ULC).InresponsetotheneedtoevaluateflexiblepipingsystemsforuseinCanada,ULChasdevelopedwhatitcalls OtherRecognizedDocumentsor ORD.Thesedocumentsdescribeaspecificseriesofteststhatareusedtoevaluateaproduct.ThesedocumentsaredevelopedwithinULCandarereviewedbyotherinspectionagencies,buthavenotundergonetherigorousoutsidecommitteereviewprocessrequiredforaULCStandard.ULChasdevelopedthefollowingthreeORDstoevaluateflexiblepipingsystems:ct݌̌  X&&&&&&&&  c  X&&&&&&&&  c  ULC/ORDC107.419920 h DuctedFlexibleUndergroundPipingSystemsforFlammable  andCombustibleLiquidsc/݌ h(#h(# Ќ  X&&&&&&&&  c  X&&&&&&&&  cy  ULC/ORDC107.1919920 h SecondaryContainmentofUndergroundPipingforFlammable  l  andCombustibleLiquidscy݌ h(#h(# Ќ  X&&&&&&&&  c  X&&&&&&&&  cN  ULC/ORDC107.2119920 h UnderDispenserSumpscN݌"#h(#h(# Ќ  X&&&&&&&&  c  X&&&&&&&&  c  Inaddition,ULCisdevelopingadraftORD(C107.14)intendedtoevaluateflexiblepiping ^$% systemswhicharetobedirectlyburied.FormoreinformationonthisdraftORD,refertoAppendixAofthissurvey.cd݌̌  X&&&&&&&&  q\  & &&&    q\  MethylTertiaryButylEther(MTBE)q\l ?Ԍ '#) Ќ  && &&     AlthoughMTBEhasbeenusedasablendingcomponentofgasolinesince1979,onlyinrecent z)$+ yearshasMTBEbecomewidelyusedtoraisetheoxygencontentofgasoline.ThisisprimarilyduetoEPArequiringtheuseofoxygenatedgasolineinmanycitiesduringthewinterandsummermonthsto .+~&- reducecarbonmonoxidepollution.V #  6      ׀BecauseoftheincreaseinuseofMTBE,atleastsevenofthe  flexiblepipingmanufacturersincludedinthissurveyhavetestedtheirproductsforcompatibilitywithMTBE.Rj #  7      ׀Currently,MTBEisnotdesignatedasanofficialtestingliquidintheUL971testingprocess. d However,severalmanufacturershaverequestedandreceivedULand/orULCtestingforMTBE.Realize,however,thatUL/ULCtestingforMTBEdoesnotimplythataparticularproducthasundergonemorerigoroustestingandevaluationthanaproductthathasbeenmanufacturertested.Table4summarizestheMTBEtestingthateachmanufacturerhaspursuedtodate.q      q@ &&&&&&&&  Table4.MTBETestingPerformedonFlexiblePipingSystemsToDateqM݌   Ќ    &&&&&&&&  *STdddd dd  dd 'dd dd dd MN(#(#, dd ,dd +   4     ManufacturerandProduct '    '  TestingPerformed     ,b &&AdvancedPolymerTechnology(Poly V  Tech)    ULCTestingPrimaryandSecondaryPiping  V  Ameron(Dualoy3000/FLXII&3)  *z  ManufacturerTestingPrimaryPiping  *z  Buffalo(BufflexII) '  'Unknown   ContainmentTechnologies(PermaFlexx)  2 ULTestingPrimaryPiping,ULCTestingPrimaryandSecondaryPiping   Environ(GeoFlexS&GeoFlexD)  V ULTestingPrimaryandSecondaryPiping  V TiteflexIndustrialAmericas(Primeflex&Primeflex20)  *z ManufacturerTestingPrimaryPiping  b TotalContainment(Enviroflex&Omniflex)  N МManufacturerULCTestingPrimaryANDandSecosndaryPiping(BbOoTtHhPpRrOoDdUuCcTtSs),ULTestingSecondaryPiping(Envirofleexonly)  N WesternFG(CoFlex)    ULTestingPrimaryandSecondaryPiping#&& ,bF# !  q\  & &&&    q\  CompatibilityandPermeabilityq\D Ԍ V# Ќ  && &&     Compatibilityandpermeabilityareimportantcharacteristicsofflexiblepipingsystems,butthe  Z% termsareoftenconfused.Compatibilityistheabilityofamaterialtoretainitsphysicalpropertieswhenexposedtoanothersubstance.Permeabilityisameasureoftheamountofasubstancethatmigratesthroughamaterialoveragiventimeperiod.  Forexample,polyethyleneiscompatiblewithpetroleumproducts.Thismeansthatitdoesnotsignificantlydissolve,degrade,orfallapartwhenincontactwithpetroleumproducts.However,polyethyleneisrelativelypermeabletopetroleumproducts.Thismeansthattheliquidlevelinatightlysealedpolyethylenecontainerfilledwithgasolinewouldslowlydecreaseovertimeasgasolinemoleculesmigratethroughthewallsofthecontainer.Astudysponsoredbyafiberglasspipingmanufacturerindicatedthatasampleofcorrugatedpolyethylenesecondarycontainmentpipingfilled (#/ withgasolinelost39%ofitsweightoveraperiodof181days(undated,untitledsalesbrochurebyAmeronFiberglassPipeSystems).  Constructingflexiblepetroleumpipingthatiscompatiblewithpetroleumandalcoholliquidsisrelativelyeasy.Themostchallengingaspectofconstructingaflexiblepipingsystemhasproventobemeetingthepermeationstandardofnomorethanonepercentlossofliquidovera180dayperiodthatisusedbybothULandULCforprimarypiping.ULusesthissamepermeationtestforsecondarypiping.TheULCORDforsecondarypipingincludesevaluationsofcompatibilitybutdoesnotevaluatethepermeabilityofthesecondarypiping. &G&&&XOqX&&G       Conclusions   ӌ 4   ЌXXXOq&&X    Flexiblepipingtechnologyhascomeintowidespreadusefordispensingmotorfuels.Since d  1995,theflexiblepipingindustryhasseenanapproximately50percentincreaseinthenumberofsysteminstallations.WiththeincreasinguseofMTBE,severalflexiblepipingmanufacturershaveperformedproducttestingforMTBE,andsomemanufacturershaverequestedandreceivedULand/orULCtestingforMTBE.Todate,problemswithflexiblepipingsystemshavebeenlimitedtofungaldecayoffirstgenerationpolyurethanecoatedpiping.Thefungaldecayismostlycosmeticanddoesnotcauseproductfailure,however,onemanufacturer(TotalContainment)haschangeditsouterlayerconstructiontopolyethyleneandisintheprocessofreplacingthepolyurethanepiping.Mostmanufacturersarenowmarketingthirdandfourthgenerationproducts.Problemswiththesesystemshavebeeninfrequent,andmanufacturershavestoodbytheirproducts.Fromanenvironmentalprotectionstandpoint,theperformanceofthistechnologytodatehasbeenexcellent.&G&&&z&&G   L   & 4@5@6APPENDIXA__ TT_ TTTT     _N@@*    ADDITIONALINFORMATIONONULANDULCLISTINGSANDUL971  A) xdE xATESTREQUIREMENTSFORFLEXIBLEPIPE_N ( ӌ̌TTTTTTTT    _ TT_ TTXXT       UnderwritersLaboratories,Inc.(UL)Listings h P ӌ  F ЌXXXTX  c  X<T&ݪ&<  cP  UnderwritersLaboratoriesintheUnitedStateshasbeentheprimarytestingorganizationfor   undergroundpetroleumpipingsystems.WhenanewproductispresentedtoULfortesting,ULpersonnelreviewtheproductanddetermineatestingprogram.Ifdemandwarrants,thetestingprogrammaybecomemoreformallydefinedasaUL Subject,whichoftenservesasapreliminary Standard.AUL Standardiscreatedbyreviewandevaluationofa Subjectbyinterestedpartiestocreateaconsensusdocumentwhichisrecognizedasan AmericanNationalStandardbytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI).cP݌̌  X&&&&ݪT&&  c  X<T&ݪ&<  c%   FlexiblepipingiscurrentlyevaluatedunderULStandard971.TableA1presentsasummaryof ~  themajortestrequirementsrequiredtoobtainaUL971listing.c%  ݌̌  X&&&&ݪT&&  /&&&XX6 T//&ݪ&XXX&&/ &N &&&ݪ&& &&NT&&XXT     p   UnderwritersLaboratoriesofCanada(ULC)Listings p     ӌ P ЌXXX&ݪ&X  c  X&ݪ&&&ݪ&ݪ&&&ݪ  c  UnderwritersLaboratoriesofCanadaisdevelopingadraftORD(C107.14)intendedtoevaluate ( flexiblepipingsystemswhicharetobedirectlyburied.InULCterminology,secondarilycontainedductedpipingisthetypewheresmalldiameterprimarypipe(typically1.5or2inch)isinstalledinsidealargerdiameter(typically4inch)outerpipe.C107.4istheappropriateORDforductedflexiblepiping.TheC107.14testprotocolisalsointendedtotestanysinglewalledflexiblepipingburieddirectlyintheground.AlthoughseveralmanufacturershavehadtheirproductstestedaccordingtotheproposedC107.14testprotocol,thedocumentisstillindraftformandcouldnotbereviewedforthissurvey.C107.14differsfromC107.4inthatitincludesthefollowingadditionaltests:acceleratedlightandwatertest,lowtemperaturedroptest(40$C),lowtemperatureimpactresistancetest(40$C),roomtemperatureimpact  resistance,cyclicoperationtest(1,000cyclesat50psi),crushstrengthtest,flatteningtest,burststrengthtest(650psi)andanidentificationtest.c݌̌  X&ݪ&&&ݪ&ݪ&&&ݪ   &&&&ݪXX&&       ReadingaULorULCLabel #   ӌ  0  ЌXXX&ݪ&X  +&&&&&]&&ݪ+c  X&ݪ&&&&ݪ&&&ݪ  c"  AllproductsthathaveachievedaUL971oraULC/ORDC107.4listingarenotcreatedequal.It "" isimportanttorecognizethatwithineachevaluationtherearevariablesthatamanufacturercanselect,suchastypeofliquidforwhichtheproductisintended.Forexample,bothULandULClistingsmaybefor petroleumproductsonlyorfor petroleumproducts,alcohols,andalcoholgasolinemixtures.Thesevariableswillbereflectedonlyontheactuallabelthatisaffixedtotheproduct.Inotherwords,aUL971orULC107.4listingdoesnotautomaticallyimplythataproductissuitableforusewithalcoholfuels.AlcoholcompatibilityandotherqualifyingstatementscanbedeterminedonlybereadingtheULorULClabelaffixedtotheproduct.c"݌̌  X&&&&ݪ&&&&  c  X&ݪ&&&&ݪ&&&ݪ  cu  BothULandULClistingsarefor undergroundpiping.Thismeansthatitisassumedthatthe >*%+ pipingwillbeburiedandnotsubjecttofireexposure.Unlessspecificallytestedforfireexposure,theULandULClistingsforflexiblepipingdonotapplytoportionsofflexiblepipethatareexposedinundergroundsumps.cu݌ ,(. 4@    ь  X&Y&&&&Y&&&Y  #&&&&Y#   5@    5@ x   q      q!@  &&&&&&&&  TableA1.UL971TestRequirementsq!T!݌  Ќ    &&&&&&&&  *f7>d d dd dd ST(#(#f,dd ,pdd +  $ \ $Test '" 'Requirements #"  #Permeability  *z Samplesofprimaryandsecondarypipefilledwithrepresentativeliquidsfor180daysshallnotexhibitarateofpermeationgreaterthan4g/m2/dayfor  P primarypipingand24g/m2/dayforsecondarypiping.   & AirOvenAging  @   Samplesofprimaryandsecondarypipeandfittingsshallbesubjectedtoairovenagingat70$C(158$F)for30,90,and180days.Samplesshallthenbe  f  subjectedtoacrushstrengthtest,anapparenttensilestrengthtest,andanadhesiveshearstrengthtest.Samplesexposedtoairovenagingshallretain80percentofthephysicalpropertiesofasamplenotexposedtoairovenaging.    Leakage  R  Samplesofprimaryandsecondarypipingshallnotleakwhentheyaresubjectedtoahydrostaticpressureoftwotimesthemaximumratedpressureforaperiodoffiveminutes.    HydrostaticStrength  h Samplesofprimarypipingshallnotleakorbedamagedwhensubjectedtoahydrostaticpressureoffivetimesthemaximumratedpressureforaperiodofoneminute.   CyclicPressure  .~ SamplesofprimarypipingandfittingsshallnotbedamagedorleakwhensubjectedtocyclicpressureconditionsinaccordancewithASTMD214369(1987).  * Immersion  D SamplesofprimaryandsecondarypipingwillbeimmersedinTypeAtestliquidsfor30,90,180,and270daysandTypeBtestliquidsfor30,90,and180days.Samplesofprimarypipingthathavebeenimmersedfor270daysinTypeAliquidsshallretain50percentoftheirproperties,andsamplesofprimarypipingthathavebeenimmersedfor180daysinTypeBliquidsshallretain30percentoftheirproperties.Samplesofsecondarypipingthathavebeenimmersedfor270daysinTypeAliquidsshallretain50percentoftheirproperties,andsamplesofsecondarypipingthathasbeenimmersedfor30daysininternaland180daysinexternalTypeBliquidsshallretain30percentoftheiroriginalproperties.Systemsofpipeandfittingsshallundergoanalogoustesting.  !& AdditionalTestsforPrimaryandSecondaryPiping:TorqueTest,BendingMomentTest,BendingTest,DropTest,LowTemperatureDropTest,BallImpactTest,LowTemperatureBallImpactTest,andCrushStrengthTest.$ )