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\cf2\fs28 B3.   Green-Ampt Model for Layered Systems (}{\cf2\fs28 GALAYER}{
\cf2\fs28 )}}
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\cf2 A.  Description}}
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\cf2 The Green-Ampt Model has been modified to calculate water 
infiltration into  nonuniform soils by several researchers (Bouwer, 
1969; Fok, 1970; Moore, 1981; Ahuja and Ross, 1983).  In this section, 
the Green-Ampt model for layering systems (GALAYER) developed by 
Flerchinger }{\cf2\i et al. }{\cf2 (1989) was selected to calculate 
water infiltration over time in vertically heterogeneous soils.  Two 
simulation scenarios were selected in the application.  The first 
scenario was to estimate water infiltration into a soil with two 
layers (sand and loam), while the second scenario was to estimate the 
water infiltration into a soil with three layers (with sand, loam, and 
clay in sequence).   Comparison of the two scenarios for water 
infiltration was also provided.}}
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\cf2 Change in volumetric water content as wetting front passes  in 
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{\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0
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\cf2 Dimensionless time since wetting front penetration. }}
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\cf2 Dimensionless depth accounting for the thickness and conductivity 
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\cf2 Dimensionless accumulated infiltration.}}
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\cf2 Dimensionless infiltration rate.}}
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\cf2 Figure B3-1.  Water infiltration as a function of time through 
the layered soil profile in Scenario 1.}}
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\cf2 Dimensionless accumulated infiltration.}}
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\cf2 Figure B3-2.  Water infiltration as a function of time through 
the layered soil profile in Scenario 2.}}
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0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Time (h)
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Infiltration Rate (cm/h)
0 1 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 2 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 3 2 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 4 3 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 1 4 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 2 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 3 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 4 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 1 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 2 2 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 3 3 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 4 4 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 1 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 2 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 3 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 4 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 1 1 21 15 10 0 2 scenario 1
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\cf2 Figure B3-3.  Comparison of  water infiltration between Scenarios 
1[solid line] and 2 [dash line].}}
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\cf2 E. Discussion }}
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\cf2 Water Infiltration into a two-layer soil (Scenario 1)  and a 
three-layer soil (Scenario 2) as a function of time is given in 
Figures B3-1 and B3-2, respectively.   }{\cf2 These figures show that the}{
\cf2  infiltration rate is relatively high at the onset of the 
infiltration, then decreasing, and eventually approaching a constant 
rate at }{\cf2\i t > 20 h}{\cf2 .   Comparison of the two scenarios 
revealed that water infiltration is faster in the two-layer soil than 
in the three-layer soil. }{\cf2 \par }}
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\plain\cf1\fs20\b \pard {\cf2 F.  Sensitivity  of Infiltration Rate to }{
\cf2\f1 DQ}{\cf2  }}
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\plain\cf1\fs20\b \pard {\cf2 This section shows the sensitivity 
coefficient (}{\cf2\i S}{\cf2\fs16\i\dn s}{\cf2 ) and the relative 
sensitivity (}{\cf2\i S}{\cf2\fs16\i\dn r}{\cf2 ) of the surface 
infiltration rate to the change in volumetric water content}{\cf2 .   
The expressions were obtained by applying Equations 3 and 4 in Section 
B2 (PHILIP2T model) to Equation 5 in this section.   The input 
parameters were the same as in Scenario 2 except for }{\cf2\f1 DQ }{
\cf2 and t as shown below.}}
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{\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0
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{\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0
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Calculation Equations }
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\cf2 Dimensionless time since wetting front  penetration.}}
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\cf2 (11)}}
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\cf2 Dimensionless depth accounting for the thickness and conductivity 
of layers behind wetting front. }}
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\cf2 (12)}}
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\cf2 (13)}}
.EQN 1 -73 1863 0 0
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\cf2 (14)}}
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\cf2 (15)}}
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{\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0
\fnil Times New Roman;}}\plain\cf1\fs20\b \pard Sensitivity}
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\cf2 F.3. Results}}
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0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Change in water content (cm3/cm3)
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Sensitivity of infiltration
0 1 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 2 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 3 2 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 4 3 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 1 4 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 2 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 3 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
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0 1 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
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0 1 1 21 15 10 0 2 
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\cf2 Figure B3-4.  Sensitivity of infiltration rate for different 
values of  the change in volumetric water content at the wetting front 
at }{\cf2\i t = 5 h}{\cf2 .}}
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\cf2 F.4. Discussion}}
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\plain\cf1\fs20\b \pard {\cf2 Figure B3-4 shows a sensitivity of the 
infiltration rate for different values of  }{\cf2\f1\i D}{\cf2\f1\i q}{
\cf2  }{\cf2\dn n.}{\cf2  The sensitivity decreased as}{\cf2\i  }{\cf2
\f1\i D}{\cf2\f1\i q}{\cf2  }{\cf2\dn n}{\cf2  increased.}{\cf2    A 
ten-fold increase in }{\cf2\f1\i D}{\cf2\f1\i q}{\cf2  }{\cf2\dn n}{
\cf2   resulted in 30% decrease in sensitivity for conditions used in 
this application.   }}