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Clean Water Act (CWA): Agriculture-Related Enforcement Cases

The following are agriculture-related enforcement cases pertaining to the Clean Water Act.  More Clean Water Act enforcement cases can be found under the Animal Feeding Operations enforcement cases.

October 23, 2009

EPA Cites Unlawful Filling of Wetlands at Wicomoco County, Md. Site
EPA has cited a Millersville, Md. couple and a Millsboro, Del. chicken processing company for unlawfully filling protected wetlands, a violation of the Clean Water Act. EPA cited Andrew and Yvette Hudyma and Mountaire Farms of Delaware for filling in a non-tidal wetland on a property located on the west side of Green Lewis Road, one-half mile from the intersection with New Hope Road, northeast of the town of Willards, Wicomoco County, Md. The site contains an unnamed ditch which flows to the Murray Branch, which flows to the Burnt Mill Branch, which flows to the Pocomoke River, which flows to the Chesapeake Bay.

According to the complaint, the Hudymas wanted to raise chickens on the site and relied on advice from Mountaire Farms that there were no wetlands on the site. During construction of chicken houses in June 2006, an inspector with the Maryland Department of the Environment noted that non-tidal wetlands were located on the property. Under the Clean Water Act, an Army Corps of Engineers permit is required before dredged or fill material may be discharged into wetlands areas. The permit requirement is designed to minimize the destruction of wetlands, which serve a number of critical environmental and economic functions -- including flood control, water filtration, wildlife habitat, and recreation.

According to EPA, the activities of the Hudymas and Mountaire Farms included the filling of approximately 3.64 acres of forested, non-tidal wetlands for the construction of chicken houses. EPA seeks an $82,500 penalty for this alleged violation. The Hudymas and Mountaire Farms may request a hearing to contest the alleged violation and proposed penalty.

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August 21, 2009

Tyson Fresh Meats To Pay More than $2 Million for Discharges at Meat Packing Plant
Tyson Fresh Meats, Inc., the world’s largest supplier of premium beef and pork, has agreed to pay a $2,026,500 civil penalty to settle allegations that it violated terms of a 2002 consent decree and a federally-issued pollution discharge permit at its meat processing facility in Dakota City, Neb., the Justice Department and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced.

In April 2002, Tyson Fresh Meats, known as IBP Inc., until May 2003, entered into a consent decree with the federal government and the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality to bring wastewater discharges at its facility into compliance with state and federal law. Tyson discharges an average of five million gallons of treated effluent from its Dakota City facility into the Missouri River each day. The 2002 consent decree required IBP to complete a supplemental environmental project, specifically a $2.9 million nitrification system that was intended to reduce the amount of ammonia in its wastewater discharges to the Missouri River. The 2002 consent decree also provided that once the installation of the nitrification system was complete, the United States would begin to enforce certain limits of a new National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit relating to toxicity and ammonia levels in the facilities treated wastewater discharge.

According to a filing made yesterday in U.S. District Court in Omaha, the government alleges that from July 2003 through March 2004, Tyson failed to properly operate the nitrification system as required by the 2002 consent decree, and as a result, had numerous discharges of fecal coliform and nitrites in violation of its 2002 NPDES permit. Specifically, nitrites in the discharge caused high levels of toxicity to aquatic life in the Missouri River.

"This penalty serves as an example that we take violations of these agreements seriously and we will take appropriate steps to insure that their provisions are followed," said John C. Cruden, Acting Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division.

"We expect companies to live up to their settlement obligations, and when they don't, they can expect that EPA will take action to assure compliance," said William Rice, Acting Regional Administrator for EPA’s Region 7.

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July 14, 2009

EPA Orders Two Oklahoma Companies To Stop Discharging
EPA has issued a cease and desist administrative order to Murphy Products Inc. and the Oklahoma National Stock Yards Company, both of Oklahoma City, for violations of the federal Clean Water Act. The order specifically addresses a compost facility which is operated by Murphy Products on property owned by the National Stock Yards. The facility is located southeast of the intersection of I-40 and I-44 in Oklahoma City and includes a composting system which incorporates animal manure from the stock yards. On June 22 and 23, 2009, inspectors from EPA and the Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry (ODAFF), observed the potential for unauthorized discharges from the compost facility directly into the Oklahoma River.

“EPA will continue to vigorously enforce our nation’s environmental laws through effective compliance assistance and a strong enforcement program,” said EPA Region 6 Compliance Assurance and Enforcement Division Director John Blevins. “Environmental responsibility is everyone’s responsibility.”

“On July 1, 2009, ODAFF issued an Emergency Cease and Desist Order to Murphy Products to stop all conditions which may lead to a discharge of pollutants to the waters of the State, including the Oklahoma River. ODAFF is pleased to work with EPA in joint enforcement actions such as this to stop potential pollution from agricultural sources in Oklahoma,” said Terry Peach, Oklahoma’s Secretary and Commissioner of Agriculture.

Based on these findings, Murphy Products, Inc. and the Oklahoma National Stock Yards Company have been ordered to cease all discharges of pollutants from the compost system, and within 30 days submit to EPA and ODAFF a plan and schedule of actions that will ensure that all run-off from the compost facility does not discharge to the Oklahoma River.

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July 13, 2009

EPA Orders Mike McClure Farms To Stop Discharge of Poultry Litter
EPA has issued an administrative order to Mike McClure Farms in Hopkins County, Texas, for violating the federal Clean Water Act. The facility is a Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) and falls under the regulatory authority of the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board.

Mike McClure Farms is a poultry broiler facility located approximately 18 miles east of Sulphur Springs, situated on the north side of County Road 3310, in Hopkins County. On May 19 and 29, and June 12, 2009, EPA inspectors observed an unauthorized discharge of chicken litter from the farm's poultry litter staging area. The unauthorized discharge of pollutants was observed at the eastern end of the northern poultry house which is used for staging litter that is removed from the barns during cleanout. The staging area drains northwest approximately 340 yards to a wetland that is directly connected to Stouts Creek.

Based on these findings and within 45 days, Mike McClure Farms has been ordered to submit to EPA a schedule for construction of a covered shed under which to stage and store poultry litter and prevent future unauthorized discharges of pollutants to Stouts Creek.

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June 9, 2009

EPA Orders Allrounder Dairies To Stop Discharging
EPA has issued cease and desist administrative orders to the Allrounder I and II Dairies in Hopkins County, Texas, for violations of the federal Clean Water Act.

On May 19, 2009, an EPA inspection of the Allrounder I Dairy, located about 18 miles east of Sulphur Springs and on the south side of County Road 3310, found solid manure build-up accumulating on the surface suggesting its manure lagoon lacks adequate capacity for the number of animals currently allowed by their permit. The inspection also revealed the mortality management area was improperly located, operated and maintained. The area is located in a wetland area and drains to Stouts Creek. Numerous carcasses were observed floating, uncovered and partially exposed and in various stages of decomposition.

On May 18 and 19, 2009, an EPA inspection of the Allrounder II Dairy, located about 19 miles east of Sulphur Springs and southwest of the intersection of County Roads 3378 and 3385, found discharges of manure and contaminated water in several locations along the west berm of the facility’s lagoon and into a tributary of Stouts Creek. The inspection also revealed the mortality management area was improperly located, operated and maintained similar to conditions observed at the Allrounder I Dairy.

Silage piles at the dairies are located outside designated drainage areas of the lagoons and are considered feedstock material. Runoff from the piles is required to be collected in the lagoons but was observed discharging to Stouts Creek.

Based on these findings, the dairies have been ordered to cease all discharges of pollutants, and within 30 days remove stockpiled manure from drainage areas and land apply or relocate the piles to an area that will ensure runoff is captured in an approved lagoon.

The dairies have also been ordered to excavate and relocate their mortality management areas to an approved location that is not in a wetland and does not discharge to a wetland or waterway, and provide to EPA and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) current certification of no hydrologic connection for the lagoons.

Within 90 days, the dairies must provide to EPA and TCEQ a plan and schedule of actions that will ensure all runoff from the production areas drain to an approved lagoon and ensure than all runon and runoff from silage storage piles are collected and stored in an approved lagoon.

The dairies have been given 120 days to submit to EPA and TCEQ a certified summary of all completed items and photographs to document completed work.

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June 8, 2009

Court Grants EPA 2-Year Stay in National Cotton Council et al v. EPA
The Sixth Circuit of Appeals ruled that residuals of chemical pesticides and biological pesticides are pollutants regulated under the Clean Water Act and has recently stayed the effective date of its decision until April 9, 2011. As a result of the ruling, anyone who applies a pesticide in, over, or near waters of the United States will need to be covered by a permit issued under the Clean Water Act after this effective date. Irrigation return flows and agricultural runoff will not require Clean Water Act permits as they are specifically exempted from the Clean Water Act. EPA plans, before the ruling takes effect, to issue general permits under the Clean Water Act for covered pesticide applications, to assist authorized states to develop their permits, and to provide outreach and education to the regulated community. EPA will work closely with state water permitting programs, the regulated community and environmental organizations in developing general permits that are protective of the environment and public health.

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April 1, 2009

EPA Issues CWA Violation Notice to a Northern California Farm
EPA has issued a violation notice and compliance order to Patrick Ricchiuti, president of P.R. Farms, following the discovery of the grower's illegal expansion into the Fresno River. Ricchiuti bypassed flood control levees, illegally filling an area approximately 2,300 feet long and 45-250 feet wide and encroaching more than seven acres into the Fresno River.

EPA has ordered Ricchiuti to immediately remove all unauthorized fill material and restore the levee in accordance with the specifications of the Fresno River flood control project.

"This action will protect the Fresno River from illegal encroachments," said Alexis Strauss, Water Division director for the EPA's Pacific Southwest region. "We shall oversee restoration of the site and ensure compliance with the Clean Water Act."

Ricchiuti owns assessor's parcel numbers 033-160-001 and 033-160-002, near Avenue 16 and Road 21 in Madera County, California. The Fresno River forms the southern boundary of the property and is an integral part of a flood control project overseen by multiple federal, state, and local authorities.

EPA, along with state and county inspectors, inspected the site after receiving information that the property owner had filled in the bed and bank of the Fresno River. During their investigation, inspectors observed that earthen material had been placed within the Fresno River to create a new levee and fill area along the northern bank of the River, and that an asphalt road and an orchard had been placed on top of the fill area.

Ricchiuti placed dredged and fill material into the Fresno River without a Clean Water Act section 404 permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The permit program, which is co-administered by the Corps and EPA, regulates the filling of federally-protected waterways and wetlands to ensure that proposed projects would cause the least environmental harm and be protective of the public. Unauthorized encroachments such as Ricchiuti's can exacerbate flooding potential and damage important flood control infrastructure. Persons who fill federally protected waterways and wetlands without the requisite Clean Water Act permit could face a daily penalty of up to $37,500.

The Fresno River, which is approximately 68 miles long, is a major tributary of the San Joaquin River. Flows in the reach of the Fresno River along the property are regulated by releases from Hidden Dam and augmented by storm events between October and March and periodic agricultural return flow. The Fresno River flows either directly or via the Chowchilla Canal Bypass to the San Joaquin River, which flows to the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and then San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean.

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March 25, 2009

EPA Orders Restoration of Slick Creek in Worland, Wyoming
EPA has issued a compliance order to David Hamilton for violations of the Clean Water Act in Worland, Wyo. Hamilton allegedly violated the Act by discharging material into Slick Creek and its adjacent wetlands without a permit. Slick Creek and its wetlands are tributaries to the Bighorn River.

"Mr. Hamilton's actions disturbed Slick Creek and its adjacent wetlands' ability to provide wildlife habitat for birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians; enhance the quality of an already impaired water body; and reduce the force of flood waters," said Diane Sipe, Director of EPA Region 8's Water Enforcement Program. "EPA's water enforcement program is working to restore the damage caused to the Creek and its wetlands and will continue to pursue enforcement action against those who violate laws that protect our national waters."

In the fall of 2005, Mr. Hamilton or persons acting on his behalf rerouted and channelized approximately 4,100 feet of Slick Creek, discharged material into its adjacent wetlands, and filled the original channel without first obtaining a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which is required by the Clean Water Act.

EPA order requires Mr. Hamilton to restore the impacted areas to pre-impact conditions and grade. Prior to doing the work, Mr. Hamilton must submit for EPA's approval a plan that details how the restoration will be accomplished. Failure to respond to EPA orders subjects individuals to additional enforcement.

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February 27, 2009

Bayer Crop Science To Pay Penalty for Environmental Violations
Bayer CropScience will pay a $112,500 penalty and spend more than $900,000 for environmental projects to settle a wide range of environmental violations at its chemical plant in Institute, West Virginia, EPA announced today.

The violations stem from a series of EPA inspections in 2001, when the facility was owned by Aventis CropScience USA. The violations are unrelated to the explosion and fire at the facility last August.

EPA inspectors identified violations of five different environmental laws designed to limit air and water pollution and protect the public from hazardous chemical leaks and spills. These violations included 35 instances between 1999 and 2001 when chemicals discharged through water violated permitted limits. The company also failed to properly monitor water discharges and failed to update equipment in accordance with best management practices.

Other violations included: not properly labeling chemical storage containers; not properly disposing of wastewater sludge; not maintaining records associated with the use of oil; and not properly following the plant's own waste analysis plan. The facility was also cited for not properly notifying the National Response Center as soon as it had knowledge of the release of carbosulfan on Feb. 5, 2001.

Environmental improvement projects under the settlement require Bayer CropScience to donate equipment and funding to the Kanawha Valley Emergency Preparedness Center and three local fire departments to support training and emergency response. The agreement also requires Bayer CropScience to upgrade its wastewater treatment facilities to improve monitoring and reduce pollution discharges. As part of the settlement, Bayer CropScience neither admits or denies the allegations.

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February 10, 2009

EPA Issues Administrative Orders to Arkansas Egg Company
EPA has issued administrative orders to three Arkansas Egg Co. facilities in Arkansas for violations of the Clean Water Act.

The facilities, Blair Farm in Benton County, and Summers Farm and Appleton Farm, both in Washington County, were found to be out of compliance with their Clean Water Act discharge permits.

In February 2008, EPA and Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) inspectors observed that all three facilities had used chicken litter in amounts exceeding those designated in their waste management plans. The facilities had also failed to operate their liquid animal waste collection and containment systems properly. Summers and Blair Farms were also cited for failure to dispose of dead animals appropriately and maintain their carcass incinerators. Additionally, the Appleton Farm had failed to maintain the required 35 feet setback distance from streams at waste application sites.

Other violations noted included failure to maintain proper levels in waste collection systems, failure to maintain records indicating locations of fields where animal waste has been applied, and failure to properly dispose of liquid and solid animal wastes.

Based on these findings, EPA has ordered Arkansas Egg Co. to immediately remove all animal carcasses, begin utilizing proper carcass incineration and liquid waste procedures, properly remove non-contained liquid manure, and initiate application of liquid and solid wastes to land application as required by their discharge permits and waste management plans.

Arkansas Egg Co. has also been ordered to provide maps of all owned or leased liquid animal waste or solid waste application fields showing field locations, soil sample analyses for the last five years, cropping schemes, copies of calculations used for waste application, applications records, and liquid and solid manure sample analysis.

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January 26, 2009

Oregon CAFO Owner Agrees To Pay Penalty To Settle Clean Water Act Violations
John Bezates has agreed to pay an $8,000 penalty to settle Clean Water Act discharge violations at his Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the violations occurred at Bezates Feedlot located in Ontario, Oregon.

During an inspection of Bezates Feedlot operations in January 2008, EPA and Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) inspectors documented animal wastes flowing from confinement pens into Jacobsen Gulch Creek, a tributary to the Snake River. This discharge violated a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit issued to Bezates by the State of Oregon. This was Mr. Bezates' first known violation of the CWA, and he has since corrected the discharge problem with the help of ODA.

According to Lauris Davies, EPA acting Director, Office of Compliance and Enforcement in Seattle, this inspection was a part of a nationwide effort to put in effect a national priority focus on Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, particularly those discharging wastewater into impaired waterbodies. In Oregon, ODA has been instrumental in this effort and has shouldered the bulk of the follow-up efforts to ensure compliance.

"When Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations fail to take proper precautions, including obtaining necessary wastewater discharge permits, their manure laden runoff can pollute our creeks, rivers and streams," said EPA's Davies.

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations continue to be a leading source of water quality impairment in the U.S. Consolidation trends in the livestock industry have resulted in larger-sized operations that generate about 500 million tons of manure annually.

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January 8, 2009

Agricultural Producer Agrees To Pay U.S. EPA Fine and Plans To Restore Damaged Creek
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has signed an agreement with Muranaka Farms, Inc., requiring the Moorpark, Calif., firm to pay a fine of $75,000 for discharging dredged or fill materials into the Calleguas Creek without a Clean Water Act permit.

"This agreement, together with successful restoration of the damaged site, will allow Muranaka Farms, Inc. to come into compliance with the Clean Water Act," said Alexis Strauss, director of the EPA's Water Division for the Pacific Southwest. "We at EPA will continue to focus on restoration of Calleguas Creek and protection of our coastal environment."

Between February and September 2005, Muranaka Farms, Inc. constructed a berm and agricultural field within and adjacent to Calleguas Creek at a farm located at 11018 E. Los Angeles Ave. in Moorpark. The Clean Water Act prohibits the placement of dredged or fill materials into rivers, tributary streams and other waters of the United States without a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

EPA issued an administrative order on November 7, 2007, requiring Muranaka Farms, Inc. to restore the area that it cleared and graded, which resulted in the unauthorized discharges into Calleguas Creek in Ventura County, California. To date, Muranaka Farms, Inc. has complied with the order and has submitted a plan to restore nearly 18 acres in Calleguas Creek to be implemented later this year.

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January 7, 2009

2006 Final Rule on Aquatic Pesticides Vacated
On January 19, 2006, EPA received petitions for review of the Aquatic Pesticides rule from both environmental and industry groups. The case was assigned to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. On January 7, 2009 the court held in National Cotton Council, et al, v. EPA, that the final rule was not a reasonable interpretation of the CWA and vacated the rule.

The court's decision, which applies nationally, is effective when the mandate takes effect. The mandate takes effect seven days after the deadline for rehearing expires or seven days after a denial of any petition for rehearing. Parties have until April 9, 2009 to seek rehearing. The Agency, working with DOJ, is reviewing the opinion and considering next steps. Pending the effective date of the court's decision, the final aquatic pesticides rule remains in effect and permits are not required for the application of pesticide products in accordance with the product's Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) label.

While EPA is evaluating the complete implications of the Court's decision, it is clear that once the mandate takes effect, NPDES permits will be required for pesticides applied directly to water to control pests and/or applied to control pests that are present in, over or near waters. Irrigation return flows and agricultural runoff will not require NPDES permits as they are specifically exempted from the CWA.

EPA recognizes that spring planting season is just around the corner and the Agency is committed to finding interim and long-term approaches that are both realistic and protective of the environment and public health. Twenty-three states have pesticide permitting programs and the Agency is evaluating these programs for possible national application.

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December 30, 2009

EPA Issues Administrative Complaint to Moo Town Dairy
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued an administrative complaint and proposed a civil penalty of $157,500 to Moo Town Dairy near Sulphur Springs, Texas, for violations of the Clean Water Act.
The dairy, located about six miles southeast of Sulphur Springs, on the west side of County Road 2321, is a Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO). The violation alleged is for an unauthorized discharge of pollutants to an unnamed creek, a tributary of Running Creek, which eventually discharges to Lake Fork Reservoir. The discharges resulted from improper operation and frequent overflow of a manure collection pit, storm water runoff from an open lot, a carcass disposal area, commodity storage barns, and silage bunkers.
"EPA will continue to vigorously enforce our nation's environmental laws through a strong enforcement program," said EPA Regional Administrator Richard E. Greene. "When these facilities fail to follow the rules, immediate actions will be taken to ensure compliance with the law."
In October 2007, inspectors from EPA and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) conducted an inspection of the facility. The inspection revealed numerous permit violations, including unauthorized discharges of pollutants to waters of the United States.
On November 26, 2007, EPA issued a cease and desist administrative order which required the dairy owner to address the permit violations identified during the October 2007 inspection.
EPA and TCEQ inspectors conducted a follow-up inspection of the facility in June 2008. The inspection revealed that the facility had not addressed many of the violations identified during the previous inspection in October 2007. The new violations include continued unauthorized discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States due to improper operations and overflow of a manure collection pit.
On June 27, 2008, EPA issued a real-time cease and desist administrative order requiring the facility to immediately stop all unauthorized discharges of pollutants originating from the improperly managed and overflowing manure collection pit. The order also requires that all wastewater from the silage bunkers and commodity storage area drain to storage lagoons and the clean up of all areas where polluted water has pooled, including the facility property and the adjacent property to the west through which the unnamed tributary flows.
Based on these findings, EPA has proposed to assess a civil penalty of $157,500, and orders the owner and operator of the Moo Town Dairy to immediately take action to bring the facility into compliance with the Clean Water Act.

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December 15, 2008

EPA Orders Restoration of Damaged Section of Left Hand Creek in Longmont
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has issued a compliance order to Lawrence Germann for violations of the Clean Water Act in Longmont, Colo. Germann allegedly violated the Act by excavating and placing material in Left Hand Creek without a permit. The order requires Germann to correct the environmental damage resulting from these unauthorized activities. Left Hand Creek flows perennially and is a tributary to St. Vrain Creek.

EPA's order is based on actions that occurred during April and May of 2008, when Germann, or persons acting on his behalf, partially constructed a new channel and placed a 5 to 8-foot wide swath of material into 300 feet of the existing channel of Left Hand Creek. Germann did not obtain a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers prior to performing this work.

"Left Hand Creek provides important functions including aquatic and wildlife habitat, flood attenuation, groundwater recharge, recreation and aesthetics," said EPA's Enforcement Director in Denver, Mike Gaydosh. "EPA's goals are to secure the restoration of this section of the Creek and to deter future violations of laws that protect the integrity of Colorado's waters."

The EPA order requires Germann to remove all discharged material and restore the impacted areas to pre-impact conditions and grade. Prior to doing the work, Germann must submit a restoration plan that details how the removal and restoration will be accomplished. Respondents who fail to respond to EPA orders are subject to additional actions, including civil enforcement lawsuits filed by the U.S. Department of Justice in federal court.

Germann should have contacted the Corps to obtain a permit prior to commencing his activities. Permits are required before performing any work that results in material being excavated from or placed into rivers, lakes, streams, and certain wetlands. Any person planning to do such work should contact the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Denver Regulatory Office at 9307 South Wadsworth Ave., Littleton, CO, 80128-6901 or telephone 303-979-4120.

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November 6, 2008

Damages to Rock Creek from Discharged Material Result in $35,000
Kenneth L. Schell and Twin Peaks Excavating, Inc. of Erie, Colo., have agreed to pay a civil penalty of $35,000 for alleged unauthorized discharges of excavated material to Rock Creek.

The alleged violations of the Clean Water Act occurred during the spring of 2007, when Schell and Twin Peaks excavated a new stream channel in Rock Creek and filled adjacent wetlands and approximately 150 feet of the original channel. Schell and Twin Peaks did not obtain a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers prior to performing this work. These actions occurred on the City of Lafayette's open space property and were performed without the City's permission or knowledge.

"EPA is taking this action to protect Colorado's water resources and to deter future violations of federal laws," said Mike Gaydosh, EPA's Assistant Regional Administrator for Enforcement in Denver. "Waters such as Rock Creek provide a variety of functions, including flood control, groundwater recharge, pollutant filtering, and habitat for plants and animals. To maintain those functions, it is imperative that those undertaking activities that alter Colorado's waters and wetlands secure a permit for their actions."

In December of 2007, EPA issued a compliance order which required Schell and Twin Peaks to correct the environmental damage and restore the impacted creek and wetlands. In March of 2008, EPA approved Schell and Twin Peaks' restoration plan which is being implemented in accordance with an approved schedule.

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October 23, 2008

Northern California Construction Company Ordered To Restore Damaged Wetlands
EPA has ordered Dennis Wendt and Wendt Construction to restore sensitive wetlands near the Eel River that the company illegally graded and filled during construction activities at its housing development site in Fortuna, California.

The order requires the company to remove soil and other fill, restore wetland habitat, including vegetation with native species, implement measures to control sedimentation and erosion of bank areas, and obtain a permit for any future discharges to wetlands. The company must also implement a five-year monitoring program and submit annual monitoring reports to the EPA.

"EPA is committed to protecting our valuable rivers and streams from unauthorized filling and dumping," said Alexis Strauss, the EPA's Water Division director for the Pacific Southwest region. "Strongs Creek supports a critical habitat for a very diverse fish population, including rare and threatened species, such as Coho salmon and steelhead trout."

In late September 2007, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers inspected the property and discovered that Wendt Construction was filling and grading the wetlands along Strongs Creek, which leads to the Eel River. The Corps ordered the company to immediately stop unauthorized activities and remove the fill material by May. The company failed to comply with the order.

EPA, along with the Corps and the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board, investigated the site in January and discovered significantly disturbed vegetation and soil surfaces throughout the property and fill material within the wetlands.

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September 11, 2008

California Tribe Agrees To Restore Damaged Klamath River Wetlands
EPA has entered into a consent order with the Coast Indian Community of the Resighini Rancheria that requires the tribe to restore approximately 15 acres of willow forest it cleared that caused unauthorized discharges to wetlands adjacent to the Klamath River in Northern California.

In December 2006 and January 2007, the Resighini Rancheria placed fill material without a permit into wetlands adjacent to the Klamath River just east of the Highway 101 bridge crossing in Del Norte County.

"We’re taking action to benefit the Klamath River and its local communities -- restoring a willow forest that serves to lessen the severity of floods, filter pollutants, and provide habitat and nutrients for several native fish species, including coho and steelhead salmon,” said Alexis Strauss, director of the EPA’s Water Division for the Pacific Southwest. “The EPA is committed to working with the tribe to enforce federal laws to protect these valued resources.”

The Clean Water Act prohibits the placement of dredged or fill materials into wetlands, rivers, streams and other waters of the United States without a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The tribe agreed to begin restoring the wetlands within 90 days, submit quarterly progress reports, and submit annual monitoring reports to the EPA once the work is completed.

The Klamath River Basin, which covers 10.5 million acres in southern Oregon and Northern California, is home to six federally-recognized tribes and several National Wildlife Refuges, parks and forests. The Klamath Basin has resource issues including water allocation, water quality, and threatened and endangered species. The Klamath River is the third-largest producer of salmon on the West Coast, following closely behind the Sacramento and Columbia rivers.

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September 8, 2008

Aberdeen Landowner Fined $14,000 for Wetland Violations
Jack Thompson and Thompson Leasing Company Inc. of Aberdeen, Washington have agreed to pay the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) a $14,000 penalty to resolve allegations that the company illegally filled wetlands without a Clean Water Act permit. According to EPA, in July 2003, Thompson filled 1.5 acres of wetlands on his property adjacent to the Wishkah River in Aberdeen. Thompson failed to obtain the required Clean Water Act Section 404 permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers before performing the work.

In the fall of 2007, Mr. Thompson removed the fill from the wetlands on his property and began replanting the site under EPA direction. EPA continues to monitor the site to determine if the wetland restoration will be successful.

According to Tom Eaton, EPA's Washington Operations Director in Olympia, construction in wetlands must be avoided if at all possible, but if not avoidable, then Section 404 Clean Water Act permits must be obtained first to minimize impacts to the environment. "This is especially important in areas like the Wishkah River watershed where so many wetlands have already been lost," said Eaton. "Wetlands like these help prevent flooding, stabilize river flows and provide valuable habitat for salmon and other threatened and endangered wildlife in Washington."

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September 4, 2008

Vermont Dairy Farmers Pay Consequences for Filling 41 Acres of Wetlands
The owners of the Richford, Vt. Pleasant Valley Farm, Mark and Amanda St. Pierre, will pay a significant penalty, restore damaged wetlands, and perform additional environmental projects under the terms of a settlement with EPA and the U.S. Dept. of Justice for converting 41 acres of wetlands to corn and hay production areas on their dairy farm.

An EPA investigation concluded that the dairy farmers filled slightly more than 40 acres of wetlands between 1998 and 2002, during the course of expanding forage acres to support their dairy herd. The St. Pierres did not seek or obtain environmental review of or permits for these actions, violating the federal Clean Water Act by illegally discharging dredged and fill material into approximately 41 acres of wetlands and a stream.

"Losing more than 40 acres of wetlands in New England is significant," said Robert W. Varney, regional administrator of EPA’s New England office. "Wetlands are incredibly productive and important ecological areas. All property owners can be good stewards of the land by following appropriate steps before altering wetlands, to ensure that these valuable areas are protected."

Undisturbed wetlands provide many environmental benefits, including wildlife habitat, groundwater discharge and recharge areas, sediment and toxin removal and flood water storage. The wetlands filled were located in the watersheds of the Missisquoi and Pike Rivers, both of which flow into Lake Champlain. These wetlands likely helped stabilize stream banks, detained nutrients and sediments, filtered pollutants and helped absorb flood waters.

The St. Pierres’ violation was more than double the largest permitted fill in Vermont in almost fifteen years. Under the settlement with EPA and DOJ, the St. Pierres will pay a civil penalty, restore most of the damaged wetlands, restore additional areas as compensatory mitigation, and perform a supplemental environmental project. The combined value of the penalty restoration, compensatory mitigation, and supplemental environmental project exceeds $100,000.

The settlement requires complete restoration of approximately 29 acres of wetlands, while allowing the St. Pierres to retain approximately 12 acres of wetlands that had been converted to hay fields at several different sites in the course of squaring off existing hay fields and where the impacts of converting the wetlands were minimal. The St. Pierres must provide compensatory mitigation for the acreage that will not be restored, including restoration of wetlands – currently in corn production – within the floodplain of the Pike River.

Further, the supplemental project under the settlement will require the St. Pierres to restore approximately 9.4 acres of wetlands – currently in corn production and adjacent to the Missisquoi River – which are next to two of the sites filled by the St. Pierres. The settlement also requires these additional restored areas to be protected through a conservation easement.

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September 3, 2008

EPA Orders Illinois Dairy To Stop Discharges, Apply for Permit
EPA Region 5 has ordered Mondt Dairy Farm in Aviston, Illinois to stop discharging stormwater and process wastewater, apply for a wastewater discharge permit from Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, and come into compliance with the Clean Water Act.

Mondt Dairy Farm is a medium-sized confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) with a capacity for 350 cows. EPA conducted a flyover and subsequent inspection of the dairy and found several violations of the Clean Water Act. EPA determined the need for a wastewater discharge permit and the installation of waste containment structures to prevent the discharge of process wastewater to Sugar Creek.

Stormwater run-off and production area discharges from CAFOs typically contain very high levels of nutrients and pathogens that can pose a threat to public health and harm aquatic life. The Clean Water Act requires CAFOs that discharge to obtain and comply with Clean Water Act permits.

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August 27, 2008

Alaskan Seafood Processor Fined $38,000 for Polluting the Kenai River
Salamatof Seafoods Inc. (Salamatof), an Alaskan seafood processor plant located in Kenai, Alaska has agreed to pay a $38,000 penalty to settle alleged federal Clean Water Act violations. The Salamatof plant was inspected by EPA and the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation in 2002, 2005 and 2006 and cited for violations of the company’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. The plant discharges seafood processing wastewater into the Kenai River which flows into Cook Inlet.

The alleged violations included:

According to Kim Ogle, Manager of EPA’s NPDES Compliance Unit in Seattle, it is extremely important for seafood processors like Salamatof to continuously monitor their facility operations. "In impaired waters like the Kenai River, it is especially critical that Salamatof and other processors comply with the NPDES permit” said Ogle. “Discharges from seafood processors can have a large impact in Alaskan waters and these permits help to protect these resources.”

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August 7, 2008

EPA Orders Texas Feeding Operation To Stop Discharge of Pollutants
EPA has issued a cease and desist administrative order to Mark Allen and Vernon Feeders in Vernon, Texas, for violations of the federal Clean Water Act. The cattle feeding operation, a non-permitted Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO), is located in Vernon, off Highway 287, in Wilbarger County, Texas. The facility has been ordered to immediately stop all discharges of pollutants in storm water runoff from its animal confinement areas to Paradise Creek. The cattle feeding operation has been given 45 days to provide to EPA documentation that it has adequate capacity to contain all waste and process-generated wastewater plus storm water generated during a 25-year, 24-hour storm event. The facility has also been given 45 days to develop and implement a pollution prevention plan that includes procedures specifically designed to minimize the discharge of pollutants from its animal confinement areas.

In June 2008, EPA conducted an unannounced inspection of the facility. The inspection revealed that this facility is not properly designed, constructed, and operated to contain all waste and process-generated wastewater plus storm water runoff. The inspection also revealed an unauthorized discharge to Paradise Creek, a tributary of the Pease River. Paradise Creek flows about half-a-mile before it discharges to Pease River, which eventually discharges to the Red River. Based on these findings, the owner and operator of the cattle feeding operation has been ordered to immediately take action to bring the facility into compliance with the Clean Water Act.

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August 7, 2008

EPA Orders Texas Dairy To Stop Unauthorized Discharges
EPA has issued a cease and desist administrative order to Ray Hoffman, Jr. Dairy in Windthorst, Texas, for violations of the federal Clean Water Act. The dairy, an unpermitted Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO), is located about five miles west of Windthorst, off Highway 25, about one-half mile south on Munchrath Road, in Archer County, Texas. The facility has been ordered to immediately stop all discharges of pollutants from its lagoon to waters of the United States. The dairy has been given 45 days to provide to EPA documentation that the facility has adequate lagoon capacity to contain all waste and process-generated wastewater plus storm water runoff during a 25-year, 24-hour storm event. The facility has also been given 45 days to develop and implement a pollution prevention plan that will include procedures for the proper utilization of nutrients generated by the dairy, proper disposal of dead animals and the proper maintenance of records, especially records documenting wastewater levels in the lagoon to minimize lagoon overflows.

In April 2008, EPA inspected the facility and determined that it did not have CAFO permit coverage. The inspection also revealed an unauthorized discharge from the dairy that entered an unnamed creek that traveled about one mile before entering Little Onion Creek. Little Onion Creek flows about three miles before it enters Onion Creek, which discharges into the Little Wichita River. The Little Wichita River flows about seven-and-one-half miles before discharging into Lake Arrowhead. Based on these findings, the owner and operator of the dairy has been ordered to immediately take action to bring the facility into compliance with the Clean Water Act.

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August 5, 2008

Landowner Faces Penalties for Damaging Alaskan Wetlands and Streams
Mr. David R. Sweezey is facing penalties from EPA for illegally filling wetlands and streams on his Anchorage, Alaska property. By filing its Clean Water Act complaint against Mr. Sweezey, EPA can now seek penalties of up to $32,500 per day of violation and administrative penalties of up to $11,000 per day for each violation.

In July 2003, Mr. Sweezey used heavy equipment to clear, grade, and fill wetlands and streams to create a pond on his property without first obtaining a required Clean Water Act Section 404 permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Mr. Sweezey’s actions seriously damaged 300 linear feet of nearby stream channels and 0.5 acres of wetlands on his property. This Site is adjacent to Craig Creek which drains into Cook Inlet. In May 2005, EPA issued a Compliance Order to Mr. Sweezey requiring him to restore the streams and wetlands on site. Since 2005, Mr. Sweezey has refused to restore the streams and wetlands, even after multiple attempts by EPA to comply and repair the damage. According to Greg Kellogg, EPA Alaska Operations Office Deputy Director, because Mr. Sweezey has failed to cooperate and restore the damaged wetlands and streams, EPA has decided to pursue penalties in this case.

"Alaska’s wetlands aren't just valuable habitat for fish and wildlife, they contribute substantially to Alaska’s economy," said Kellogg. "Wetland construction should only be undertaken with great care after securing the necessary permits from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,” said Kellogg. “If you work in wetlands, you must obey the law or you will face fines.”

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July 28, 2008

Property Owner and Contractor Ordered To Restore Filled Wetland
The owner of a 590-acre parcel of land located off of Lane Road in Barre, Massachusetts and his contractor have been ordered by EPA to restore 2 acres of wetlands which they dredged and filled without a permit in violation of the federal Clean Water Act. The owner of the property, Joseph Duhamel, and his contractor, John Amidio, illegally discharged dredged and filled materials into the wetlands at the site in 2004. Approximately 2 acres of wetlands were cleared, grubbed, and excavated; and sand and gravel was removed for the purposes of extracting sand and gravel material for Mr. Amidio's use, and the creation of a private pond for Mr. Duhamel's use.

Under the order, Mr. Duhamel and Mr. Amidio will be required to restore an area of altered wet meadow/shrub wetlands, and to restore another portion of the altered area to a terraced pond with surrounding wet meadow and shrub wetlands. These actions will help to restore the wetland functions that were previously served by the wetlands before they were altered. The 2 acres of wetlands that were filled and altered by Mr. Duhamel and Mr. Amidio were part of a larger wetland complex that provided flood storage, wildlife habitat, nutrient removal and transport and sediment trapping functions.

"Protecting wetlands and waters is a critical piece of protecting New England's ecosystems," said Robert W. Varney, regional administrator for EPA's New England Office. "Wetlands can act as a natural sponge to store waters during flood events, such as the ones experienced this summer in New England, and help to prevent pollutants from reaching our waterways."

Wetlands also provide large volumes of food that attract many animal species. These animals use wetlands for part of or all of their life-cycle. Dead plant leaves and stems break down in the water to form organic material which feeds many small aquatic insects and small fish that are food for larger predatory fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals.

EPA coordinated with the Corps of Engineers, the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, and the Barre, Massachusetts Conservation Commission to resolve this case. Mr. Duhamel and Mr. Amidio have both been cooperative in agreeing to conduct the restoration.

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July 15, 2008

Landscaping Business Fined $12,300 After Misused Pesticides Reach Northern California Waterway
EPA has fined a Houston-based landscaping service company $12,300 for causing two pesticides to enter a tributary of the Klamath River after employees failed to follow pesticide label instructions -- violations of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act and the Clean Water Act. In April 2007, Trees, Inc. sprayed pesticides Direx 4L and Garlon 4 in a pool of water abutting Junior Creek, which feeds into the Klamath River on the Resighini Rancheria tribal lands in Northern California. Both pesticide labels prohibit applicators from applying the products directly to water or to areas where surface water is present.

“Klamath River watershed, from the Oregon border to the Pacific Ocean, supports several native fish species, including coho and steelhead salmon,” said Alexis Strauss, director of the Water Division for the Pacific Southwest region. “The EPA is committed to working with the tribe and California to enforce federal laws to protect these valued resources.”

The Resighini Rancheria notified the EPA of the violations, who then investigated the company’s pesticide application. The tribe provided the EPA with water sampling and testing results, which later showed both pesticides had entered Junior Creek.

Pesticides that are registered for use in the United States must include labeling that provides directions for use and other information necessary to protect human health and the environment. FIFRA requires that pesticide applicators comply with labeling directions during commercial pesticide applications to protect workers, the surrounding community and the environment

The CWA requires companies that discharge into waterways to obtain a pollutant discharge permit, which contain limits on discharges, monitoring and reporting requirements, and other provisions to ensure that water quality and human health are protected. By not following label directions and allowing the pesticides to reach the stream, Trees, Inc. also violated the CWA in lacking a permit to discharge.

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June 17, 2008

Owners of Maine Vacation Parcel Face EPA Fine for Filling Wetland
Robert and Gayle Greenhill, owners of more than 3,200 acres of land on the western shore of Moosehead Lake, face a possible EPA fine of up to $157,500 for filling 1.5 acres of freshwater wetlands on their property. The filling of wetlands, which occurred during the expansion of an existing private airstrip and the development of a rock quarry, is a violation of the federal Clean Water Act and other federal requirements designed to protect wetlands. This is the second violation of wetlands protections in the federal Clean Water Act by the Greenhills. In 1997, the Greenhills constructed a trout pond on the property, altering approximately 0.4 of an acre without first seeking a permit from the Army Corps of Engineers, as required by the federal Clean Water Act. The Greenhills also did not apply for the necessary permit for the current violation

Prior to the most recent work, which took place between mid-2001 and 2005, the disturbed site consisted of a mosaic of evergreen and deciduous forest which contained freshwater wetlands. The projects that disturbed freshwater wetlands included a 985 foot extension on the western end of an existing runway, and the development of a rock quarry off the eastern end of the existing runway. These activities resulted in the clearing, grubbing, grading, and filling of several segments of forested wetlands – totaling 1.5 acres – on the site.

"Wetlands are incredibly productive and important ecological areas," said Robert W. Varney, regional administrator of EPA’s New England office. "The permit application process ensures that the impacts of development on wetlands are avoided or minimized, and that unavoidable impacts are compensated for. All landowners – whether real estate developers or the owners of a vacation retreat – are required to follow appropriate steps before altering wetlands, to ensure that these valuable areas are protected."

Undisturbed wetlands provide many environmental benefits, including wildlife habitat, groundwater discharge and recharge areas, sediment and toxin removal and flood water storage. The wetlands filled were part of larger forested complexes and directly abutted two unnamed tributaries which flow to Moosehead Lake.

Under a related Administrative Order issued by in January 2006, the Greenhills are required to restore approximately one acre of the filled wetlands, and to conduct compensatory mitigation by creating wetlands at another half acre. The restoration and mitigation work is ongoing.

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May 15, 2008

Massachusetts Race Course Ordered To Reduce Bacterial Waste in Stormwater
EPA has ordered the Suffolk Downs horse racing track of East Boston to take immediate action to reduce pollutants being discharged to Sales Creek, a tributary to Boston Harbor. Suffolk Downs is violating the federal Clean Water Act due to horse manure, urine, bedding material, and stable wash water that are entering the waterways through stormwater runoff.

The action is specifically an Administrative Order that EPA has issued to the Sterling Suffolk Racecourse, LLC, requiring it to immediately make all practicable efforts to cease discharging pollutants to its storm drain system and Sales Creek. The EPA order requires Suffolk to routinely inspect its facility for discharges to Sales Creek and the adjacent wetland and to collect a limited number of dry- and wet-weather samples from its outfalls.

The EPA order also requires Suffolk to submit an application for the appropriate discharge permit from EPA. Suffolk is required to develop and submit a plan for interim measures to eliminate or reduce to the maximum extent possible the discharge of pollutants until the required permit – a "National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System" (NPDES) permit for a Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation – is issued to the facility.

"It’s very important that all citizens and organizations understand and comply with environmental laws, which are designed to protect the health of people and the environment," said Robert Varney, regional administrator of EPA’s New England Office. "EPA and our partners have invested a lot of time and effort in improving water quality in the Boston area, in the Charles River, in Boston Harbor and in the Mystic River. This action reflects our commitment to a clean and healthy environment."

In response to an information request and on-site inspections by EPA dating back to 2006, EPA has determined that more than 500 horses have been stabled at the facility for more than 45 days per year. Suffolk also reported that the facility discharges to Sales Creek and an adjacent wetland through several outfalls and two drainage swales. Consequently, Suffolk Downs is a Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation ("CAFO") and needs an NPDES permit for any discharges to waters of the United States, such as Sales Creek.

EPA inspections have revealed that horse and stable wash water have been discharged repeatedly to the facility’s storm drain system during dry-weather. EPA inspectors observed storm water contaminated with manure wastes and highly turbid, brown runoff being discharged from the facility to Sales Creek. Sampling conducted at various outfalls discharging from Suffolk Downs indicates elevated ammonia, surfactant, suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, and bacterial concentrations being discharged to Sales Creek in both dry- and wet-weather.

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April 28, 2008

EPA Reaches $40,000 Settlement With Idaho Property Owner and Contractor for Wetlands Violations
Robin S. Behrens, Charles E. Kramer and C.E. Kramer and Contracting, Inc., of Bonner County, Idaho have reached a $40,000 settlement with EPA for alleged violations of the Clean Water Act. The violations involved filling wetlands on Robin Behrens' property near Lake Pend Oreille without a permit. According to EPA, in fall 2005, the property owner and contractor discharged fill material into a half-acre of wetlands located on Robin S. Behrens’ property. The parcel is adjacent to Lake Pend Oreille near Ponderay, Idaho. The illegal action was reversed in May, 2006, when the property owner and contractor repaired the damage and restored the site under the direction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

According to Jim Werntz, EPA’s Idaho Operations Director, wetlands provide important wildlife habitat, prevent flooding and provide other community benefits.

“Protecting Idaho’s shrinking wetlands is a top priority for EPA, especially around Lake Pend Oreille," said Werntz. "Construction in a wetland should be avoided if at all possible, but if it’s unavoidable, great care must be taken and all proper permitting secured before any work starts.”

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April 10, 2008

Alaskan Seafood Processor Fined Over $54,000 for Clean Water Act Violations
Leader Creek Fisheries, LLC (Leader Creek), an Alaskan seafood processor located in Naknek has agreed to pay a $54,061 penalty to settle alleged federal Clean Water Act violations. Based on an inspection of Leader Creek on June 24, 2003 and a follow-up inspection on July 7, 2006, EPA and the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) found that Leader Creek was not in compliance with its National Pollutant Discharge elimination System (NPDES) permit.

Leader Creek’s grinder broke in early July 2006. During that time, Leader Creek had the following NPDES violations:

· Failed to grind its seafood waste to ½" or smaller before discharging;
· Failed to have a backup grinder or spare parts; and
· Failed to report the broken grinder.

EPA also alleged that Leader Creek:

· Failed to submit an annual report;
· Failed to perform daily inspections of its operations and the surface and shoreline to ensure that the facility was operating correctly; and
· Exceeded allowable discharge amounts.

According to Kim Ogle, NPDES Compliance Manager, it is extremely important for seafood processors like Leader Creek to continuously monitor their facility operations. "Processors need to make sure that they have the necessary spare parts on hand to fix problems with their pollution control equipment," said EPA’s Ogle. "Such proactive measures protect the environment and cost processors less in the long run because they will not have to choose between suspending operations and processing out of compliance with their permit."

The NPDES permit program, a key part of the federal Clean Water Act, controls water pollution by regulating sources that discharge pollutants to waters in the United States.

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April 7, 2008

Washington Dairy Facility To Pay for Alleged Violations Related to Animal Waste
Bayside Dairy, LLC has agreed to pay an $8,000 penalty to settle alleged Clean Water Act violations. According to EPA, the violations occurred at the Bayside Dairy’s Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation facility, located in Mt. Vernon, Washington. Based on an inspection of the Bayside Dairy operation in February 2007, EPA inspectors found animal wastes leaking from the barns into a neighboring drainage ditch. The ditch drains to the Skagit River, which provides spawning habitat for salmon and is the largest watershed of the Puget Sound. This discharge was not authorized by a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.
"It is crucial that manure from these operations is properly managed and kept out of our rivers and streams," said Mike Bussell, EPA Director, Office of Compliance & Enforcement in Seattle. "This type of water pollution contributes to shell fish contamination and hurts ongoing efforts to clean up Puget Sound."

This was Bayside Dairy’s first violation of the Clean Water Act. The company immediately corrected the discharge problem after it was discovered.

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations continue to be a leading source of water quality impairment in the United States. Consolidation trends in the livestock industry have resulted in larger-sized operations that generate about 500 million tons of manure annually. The NPDES permit program, established under the federal Clean Water Act, controls water pollution by regulating sources that discharge pollutants to waters in the United States.

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February 26, 2008

Home Depot Settles Storm Water Violations
Home Depot has agreed to pay a $1.3 million penalty and implement a nationwide compliance program to resolve alleged violations of the Clean Water Act, the Justice Department and Environmental Protection Agency announced. The settlement resolves alleged violations that were discovered at more than 30 construction sites in 28 states where new Home Depot stores were being built. The settlement, joined by the state of Colorado, requires that Home Depot implement a comprehensive, corporate-wide program to prevent storm water pollution at each new store it builds nationwide. Home Depot must develop improved pollution prevention plans for each site, increase site inspections and promptly correct any problems at its sites. The company must properly train its construction managers, as well as contractors and their personnel on the federal storm water requirements. Home Depot must also implement a management and internal reporting system to improve oversight of on-the-ground operations and appoint a high-level company official to oversee compliance at all company construction sites.

"EPA requires construction sites to take simple, basic steps to prevent storm water pollution," said Granta Y. Nakayama, assistant administrator for EPA's Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. "We expect a large corporation like Home Depot to comply with the law and protect the waters in the communities it serves."

"Storm water that runs off of large construction sites can carry sediment, debris, and other pollutants into surrounding waterways," said Ronald J. Tenpas, assistant attorney general for the Justice Department's Environment and Natural Resources Division. "This settlement is an important step in protecting the environment around Home Depot's future construction locations."

The government complaint alleged a pattern of violations that EPA discovered through state and federal inspections of construction sites and by reviewing documentation submitted by the company. The alleged violations include not obtaining permits until after construction had begun or failing to obtain the required permits at all. At the sites that had permits, EPA found violations of permit requirements that prevent pollution, such as silt and debris, from getting into storm water runoff. Violations included the failure to maintain adequate plans to prevent storm water pollution, failure to properly place and install fences around project areas to prevent silt from getting into storm water runoff, and failure to install controls at storm drains to prevent soil and sediments from reaching nearby waterways. The Clean Water Act requires that construction sites have controls in place to prevent pollution from being discharged with storm water into nearby waterways. Each site must have a storm water pollution prevention plan that sets guidelines and best management practices that the company will follow to prevent runoff from being contaminated by pollutants. EPA also requires that all construction projects larger than one acre obtain a federal permit.

Improving compliance at construction sites is one of EPA's national enforcement priorities. Construction projects have a high potential for environmental harm because they cover large areas of land and have had a history of noncompliance with environmental regulations. Without onsite controls, runoff from construction sites can flow directly to the nearest waterway and can cause beach closings, swimming and fishing restrictions, and habitat degradation. As storm water flows over construction sites, it can pick up pollutants, including sediment, used oil, pesticides, solvents and other debris. Polluted runoff can harm or kill fish and wildlife and can affect drinking water quality. The settlement is the latest in a series of enforcement actions to address storm water violations from construction sites around the country. A similar consent decree was reached with Wal-Mart in 2005 under which Wal-Mart established a comprehensive storm water compliance plan and paid a fine of more than $3 million.

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January 28, 2008

EPA Takes Enforcement Action To Protect Streams in Missouri
EPA's Criminal Investigation Division, the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, and the Missouri Department of Conservation conducted a joint investigation of an illegal discharge of pollutants in Hermondale, Mo., leading to criminal charges against James Raulerson and James Raulerson Farms for violating the Clean Water Act. The investigation began October 2007, when an anonymous call was received by the Missouri Department of Conservation stating that a tanker truck was observed backed up and discharging its contents into Belle Fountain Ditch in Hermondale, Mo. Upon arrival, state and federal emergency responders found that an undetermined amount of decomposing glycerin that was generated from Natural Biodiesel Plant LLC was released into the Belle Fountain Ditch. Approximately 100,000 fish and other aquatic life were killed.

A federal indictment, filed January 9, 2008, alleges that James Raulerson and James Raulerson Farms knowingly discharged or caused to be discharged pollutants, namely glycerin, methanol and oil into the Belle Fountain Ditch, a water of the United States. EPA Region 7 Administrator John B. Askew said, "EPA supports the growth of the renewable fuels industry, however, workers need to be environmentally responsible. EPA will take whatever steps are needed to ensure compliance with the Clean Water Act." EPA hopes these actions will result in greater compliance and improved water quality by sending a clear message about the importance of protecting our nation's waters. The mission of EPA is to protect human health and the environment.

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January 9, 2008

EPA Orders Restoration of Damaged Colorado Creek and Wetlands
EPA has ordered Kenneth L. Schell and Twin Peaks Excavating, Inc. of Lafayette, Colo. to restore a section of Lafayette’s Rock Creek and adjacent wetlands that they damaged in violation of the Clean Water Act. Acting without a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit, Schell and Twin Peaks excavated a new stream channel in Rock Creek, filled adjacent wetlands with sidecast materials and then filled approximately 150 feet of the original channel during the time period of March-April 2007.

The violations occurred on the City of Lafayette’s open space property without the City’s permission or knowledge. The Federal Clean Water Act prohibits discharges of dredged or fill material unless authorized by a Corps permit. EPA order requires Schell and Twin Peaks to remove all unauthorized material placed into the creek and to restore the creek and wetlands to pre-impact conditions. Michael Risner, EPA Region 8 Legal Enforcement Director, said, “EPA is taking this action to protect Colorado rivers, wetlands and lakes and to provide deterrence against future violations of federal laws designed to protect valuable water resources.”

Rock Creek and its adjacent wetlands provide numerous functions and values, including aquatic and wildlife habitat, flood attenuation, groundwater recharge, recreation and aesthetics. Placing dredged or fill material in creeks, streams, rivers, or wetlands can have adverse impacts on fish and wildlife habitat and their food sources, such as plants or insects. A U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ permit is required before performing any work that results in discharges of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, which include lakes, rivers, streams and wetlands.

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December 6, 2007

EPA Orders Idaho Wetlands To Be Restored
Two residents near Priest Lake, Idaho, have been ordered by EPA to restore damaged wetlands on their property near Lamb Creek, Bonner County, Idaho. EPA issued the residents an administrative compliance order to resolve a Clean Water Act violation for unauthorized dredge and fill activities that occurred in spring 2007. The order requires the violators to either remove fill, return wetland soil, and replant the site with wetland vegetation no later than April 30, 2008, or pay fines as high as $32,500 per day. EPA complaint alleges that the resident used heavy equipment to fill approximately one half acre of wetlands on their property, located at 1604 Kalispell Bay Road near Lamb Creek, Bonner County, Idaho, without a required Clean Water Act permit. According to documents associated with the case, the resident was filling the site to create a building site on their property. According to James Werntz, EPA’s Idaho state director, this action demonstrates the importance of securing the proper permits before working in wetlands.

"Wetlands are vital links in nature’s ability to purify water and provide fish and wildlife habitat," said Werntz. "Responsible property development includes obtaining the proper permits in advance and minimizing environmental harm during and after the project."

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November 19, 2007

EPA Orders California Farm To Restore Two Sites Along Creek
EPA ordered Muranaka Farm, Inc. and Tom A. Staben to restore two sites along the Calleguas Creek in Ventura County, Calif., for discharging dredged and fill material – including rock, soil and debris - into the creek without U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permits, a violation of the Clean Water Act.

"The Calleguas Creek is an important coastal stream in Southern California and has been the focus of extensive watershed planning efforts," said Alexis Strauss, director of the EPA’s Water Division for the Pacific Southwest Region. "We will oversee restoration of these damaged sites and protection of this importance water resource and ensure compliance with the Clean Water Act.”

Failure to comply with the order could result in fines of up to $32,500 per day, per violation. Somis-based contractor Tom A. Staben discharged dredged and fill materials into Calleguas Creek between October 2005 and November 2006 without the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers authorization. On an adjacent property, Moorpark-based Muranaka Farm, Inc. discharged unauthorized dredged and fill materials into the creek between September 2005 and November 2006.

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November 2, 2007

Settlement Reached in Virginia Wetlands Case
The U.S. Department of Justice lodged three consent decrees last week settling a civil action by EPA against six defendants for alleged violations of a wetlands protection section of the Clean Water Act. The settlement, reached with Sea Bay Development Corp., Beechtree Park, Inc., Green Sea Farms, LLC, Elwood H. Perry, Frank T. Williams' Farms, Inc. and Ferrell’s Backhoe Service, Inc., resolves allegations that the defendants discharged and/or controlled and directed the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States at an approximately 1,560-acre property in Chesapeake, Va., without a permit.

The property, located west of Johnstown Road, east of Shillelagh Road, and south of the Whispering Pines subdivision, is known as the Sea Bay Site or Green Sea Farm. The consent decree for Elwood H. Perry and Ferrell’s Backhoe Service, Inc. requires payment of a civil penalty of $65,000 to the United States. The consent decree for Frank T. Williams' Farms, Inc. requires payment of a civil penalty of $35,000 to the United States. The consent decree for Sea Bay Development Corp., Beechtree Park, Inc. and Green Sea Farms, LLC requires restoration and mitigation on approximately 873 acres of wetlands on the site, which will be preserved in perpetuity under a conservation easement or deed restriction. In addition, that consent decree allows the discharge of dredged or fill material in the remainder of the Sea Bay Site, subject to certain limitations.

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July 16, 2007

Clean Water Act Settlement Preserves Wetlands in North Georgia
EPA announced the settlement of a Clean Water Act (CWA)Section 404 violation with Barnsley Inn & Gardens, L.P., owner of a golf and convention resort near Adairsville, Georgia. Barnsley allegedly filled more than 5 acres of wetlands adjacent to Dry Creek during construction of a water hazard and golf course, without obtaining a permit required under the CWA. The enforcement action was a result of an inappropriate claim under the CWA's farm pond exemption. A farm pond is excluded from Section 404 permitting requirements when the pond has an agricultural purpose, is sized according to its stated need, and does not adversely affect downstream or upstream waters. Barnsley's Buffalo Pond was originally characterized as a farm pond, but was constructed to function as a golf water hazard and fishing amenity. The pond did not meet the purpose and scope of the farm pond exemption, and led to EPA's initiation of the enforcement action.

Under the terms of the settlement, Barnsley will conduct onsite restoration work to return the natural flow of Dry Creek, a Georgia designated secondary trout stream. Barnsley also will pay a civil penalty of $15,000; complete a Supplemental Environmental Project by purchasing and transferring $100,000 in rights to wetland and river front property for perpetual preservation; and pursue an after-the-fact Section 404 permit from the Army Corps of Engineers with appropriate mitigation to authorize remaining impacts. Two parcels of property are slated for preservation by the Barnsley Supplemental Environmental Project. Ten acres of land will be used to buffer the Etowah River from the effects of runoff pollution, sedimentation, and other impacts from upland development. EPA cites sedimentation as one of the most damaging environmental processes on Piedmont waterways. Twenty-eight acres of Drummond Swamp, a wetland that is part of the Etowah system, will also be preserved. Drummond Swamp is one of only three places in the country where a very rare plant, the seaside alder or Alnus maritima (Marsh.), is found. Chattowah Open Land Trust will hold easements on both properties to protect them from future development or misuse.

EPA hopes that this and other enforcement actions in the area will demonstrate the importance of obtaining CWA permits before initiating work in waters of the United States. CWA permits reduce and mitigate the adverse effects of pollutants on Georgia waters, which are critical to maintaining Georgia's fish and wildlife resources and providing clean and safe drinking water to the public.

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June 21, 2007

EPA Reaches $10,000 Settlement With Pacific Topsoils, Inc., for Wetlands Violations
Pacific Topsoils, Inc., located just southeast of Mill Creek, Washington and EPA have reached a $10,000 settlement over violations of the Clean Water Act. In 2002, Forman and Pacific Topsoils, Inc., discharged fill material into 0.32 acres of wetlands on the east side of 35th Southeast, near Mill Creek, WA without a permit, according to EPA. The impacted wetlands are adjacent to Thomas Lake and Penny Creek. Pacific Topsoils, Inc. removed the fill material and restored the site at the direction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 2004. EPA had previously cited Forman and Pacific Topsoils, Inc., for a CWA violation in 1992. According to Tom Eaton, EPA’s Washington Operations Director in Olympia, wetlands provide significant wildlife habitat as well as provide benefits to neighboring property owners. Anyone working in wetlands must obey the law or face potential fines. “Protecting Washington's shrinking wetlands is a top priority for EPA," said Eaton. "Construction in a wetland should be avoided if at all possible, if any construction is proposed, it should only be undertaken with great care after securing the necessary permits.”

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June 18, 2007

EPA Orders Rohrer Partnership To Restore Powell County Wetlands
Region 8 has issued an administrative order to the Rohrer Family Limited Partnership requiring them to correct the environmental damage they caused to approximately six acres of wetlands adjacent to Cottonwood Creek and Douglas Creek in Powell County, Mont. EPA will require the Rohrers to fully restore the wetlands that they damaged.

"EPA is taking this action to protect the environment and to send the message that compliance with the intent and requirements of the Clean Water Act is mandatory," said Mike Risner, EPA Region 8 Acting Assistant Regional Administrator.

The wetland destruction occurred during autumn 2006 when the Rohrers constructed two major drainage ditches and three lateral ditches totaling approximately 7,800 feet in length. Excavated material was discharged along the length of the ditches, filling approximately six acres of wetlands and indirectly impacting an unknown number of wetland acres by draining them. These destructive actions could have been avoided if the Rohrers had consulted with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers before commencing their activities. These wetlands serve as aquatic and wildlife habitat and play an important role in water quality improvement, water storage and retention and flood control. Damaging or destroying wetlands can lead to serious results such as increased flooding, a decline of water quality and extinction of species.

Cottonwood Creek and Douglas Creek are each perennial streams that are tributary to Nevada Creek, which is tributary to the Blackfoot River, which flows into the Clark Fork River, a navigable, interstate waterway. A U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ permit is required before performing any work that results in discharges of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, which include lakes, rivers, streams and wetlands. Property owners, contractors or developers planning to do work in such waters need to contact the Corps of Engineers’ regulatory office in Helena, Mont., at 406-441-1375 before they begin work to determine if they need a permit.

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May 21, 2007

EPA and Landowner Agree on Restoration of Kenai Salmon Rearing Stream
An owner of private land located just north of Beaver Loop Road, Kenai, Alaska and EPA have agreed on a strategy to restore a salmon rearing stream and nearby wetlands. EPA issued an Administrative Order to resolve a Clean Water Act violation for unauthorized dredging and fill activities that occurred in the summer of 2006. EPA's complaint alleges that the owner used heavy equipment to discharge excavated fill materials into wetlands for the purpose of diverting Boat Launch Creek to the northwestern boundary of his property without a required Clean Water Act permit. The agreement on a Restoration and Mitigation Work Plan to restore damaged wetlands near Boat Launch Creek includes:

According to Marcia Combes, EPA’s Director of Alaska Operations, this action demonstrates the importance of securing the proper permits before working in wetlands. "Our action in this case happens to coincide with the 17th anniversary of American Wetlands Month," Combes said. "The month of May is a special opportunity for EPA and our partners in the federal, state, tribal, local, non-profit, and private sectors to emphasize wetlands and their role in the ecosystem. Wetlands protection is essential, since they are vital to our nation’s ecological, economic and social health."

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May 16, 2007

EPA and Idaho Produce Company Settle Waste Water Case
Magic Valley Produce, Inc, of Paul, Idaho, has reached a $60,000 settlement with EPA for violating its federal waste water discharge permit. During an EPA inspection of the plant on January 19, 2006, the inspector noted that the facility had failed to conduct required discharge sampling under its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. From November 2003 to January 2006, the Company accrued a very large number of "failure to sample" violations for the various pollutants in its discharge, which runs into the Snake River.

The pollutants that the company failed to sample for include: total suspended solids (TSS), pH, phosphorus, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia, nitrate-nitrite, and E. coli. The company had also violated its TSS limits. The company recently stopped discharging to surface waters.

According to Jim Werntz, EPA’s Idaho State Director, companies need to be diligent in conducting sampling to ensure that they are properly controlling their discharges. Without this information, EPA has no way of verifying that the permit limits are being met and that pollution is properly managed. "It is important for all companies to comply with their permits." said Werntz. "If they don’t, they face potential fines for the noncompliance." The NPDES permit program, a key part of the federal Clean Water Act, controls water pollution by regulating sources that discharge pollutants to waters in the United States.

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March 12, 2007

Puerto Rico Wetlands Will Be Preserved
A series of agreements announced by EPA mark a victory for the people and environment of Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rico Land Authority and the Puerto Rico Office of Special Communities have agreed to protect and preserve nearly 700 acres of wetlands critical to Puerto Rico’s environment and to pay fines totaling $55,000 for violating the Clean Water Act. The entities were cited by EPA for illegally filling wetlands to build hundreds of improperly constructed homes in an area subject to frequent flooding and unsafe conditions in San Isidro, a barrio of Canovanas. The Municipality of Canovanas also agreed to pay a $25,000 fine for its role in the illegal filling of the San Isidro wetlands.

"Wetlands are a vital part of Puerto Rico’s environment and it is of crucial importance that we do all we can to preserve and protect them,” said Alan J. Steinberg, EPA Regional Administrator. “Through this settlement, EPA has helped permanently save a beautiful, natural area that might otherwise be eliminated in the future for residential or commercial development.” Under various agreements between EPA, the commonwealth and the municipality, 679 acres of mangroves and marsh located on the east side of Piñones forest and to the west of the Loiza River will be permanently preserved. The tract was formerly owned by the Puerto Rico Land Authority, and ownership is being transferred to the Puerto Rico Conservation Trust for preservation.

The penalties and the preservation of the 679 acres stem from a series of separate agreements with the agencies. For its failure to halt the illegal filling of the wetlands on its property in San Isidro, EPA is requiring the Puerto Rico Land Authority to pay penalties in the amount of $50,000 and enable the preservation of 345 acres out of the 679, costing the Land Authority $213,000 worth of property. For its part in supporting the illegal development, the Office of Special Communities will pay a penalty of $5,000 and enable the preservation of 39 acres of the wetlands, worth $24,000. For continuing to participate in the illegal filling of the wetlands in San Isidro despite being previously cited and fined, the Municipality of Canovanas will pay a penalty of $25,000. Also, to compensate for the loss of wetland in San Isidro over the past decade, the Puerto Rico Land Authority and the Office of Special Communities included an additional 300 acres of wetlands in the tract for preservation, bringing the total preservation to almost 700 acres.

Wetlands are a valuable resource that naturally filter chemical contaminants from our water and land and help control floods. Wetlands also nurture and sustain a vast array of bird, plant, aquatic and animal life. Damaging or eliminating wetlands can be devastating to the coastal ecosystem. Wetlands also provide recreational opportunities, aesthetic benefits, sites for research and education, and support fisheries. Anyone planning construction activities in wetlands or streams must contact the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers well in advance to obtain a permit.

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January 29, 2007

EPA Files Complaint Against Maine Dairy Farm To Require Compliance With Clean Water Standards
United States Attorney Paula D. Silsby and Robert W. Varney, Regional Administrator for EPA's New England Office, announce that a civil complaint has been filed in U.S. District Court in Bangor, Maine against Country Acres Farm, Inc., for violating federal Clean Water Act requirements while operating a dairy farm, in Dixmont, Maine. EPA is seeking penalties and an injunction requesting the Court to enforce requirements to cease the farm’s unlawful discharge of manure and contaminated wastewater into nearby waters.

"The vast majority of New England farmers manage their waste streams with care and operate in compliance with environmental rules”, said Robert W. Varney, Regional Administrator of EPA’s New England office. "However, in this case, where Country Acres Farm showed an egregious disregard for the law and failed to take necessary actions to stop its manure wastes from impacting nearby waterways, EPA has found that federal court oversight is warranted.”

"This enforcement action underscores the principle that everyone needs to follow the law and respect our natural resources," stated David P. Littell, Commissioner of the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). The case was brought after EPA, DEP and Maine Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Resources (DAFRR), made repeated efforts over several years to bring the farm into compliance with water pollution laws. The action originated from observations by staff from the DEP and DAFRR last October, when investigators observed manure contamination coming from Country Acre’s 250-300 herd dairy farm discharging to Martin Stream. Water samples taken at the time showed highly elevated levels of contaminants, including ammonia, solids, and elevated biological oxygen demand, in Martin stream.

The complaint cites serious potential water quality impacts that may be caused by such contamination including: widespread mortality to fish populations; compromising the safety of receiving waters for contact recreation; impairment of the macroinvertebrate community (which is a critical source of food for the fish community); and potential loss of fish spawning habitat. Over the last four months, DEP issued three separate state “Notices of Violation,” the farm’s provisional Livestock Operating Permit was revoked by DAFRR, and EPA issued a federal Administrative Compliance Order in Dec. 2006. The filing of the federal complaint comes as a result of close cooperation between EPA, DEP, DAFRR and the federal Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). State investigators documented several other occasions that storm water runoff, waste waters and manure had not been adequately contained in the farm’s manure pits, and has contaminated Martin Stream and wetlands adjacent to the farm. Inspectors observed evidence of discharges and documented that the facility’s controls were inadequate to prevent runoff of manure and wastewater from the barns and lagoon.

Country Acres Farm is considered a “Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation” (CAFO) that is regulated under the federal Clean Water Act. The farm was issued a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit by Maine DEP on August 15, 2006, to regulate the discharge of manure and other pollutants that can be carried in the runoff from the farm and are known to contaminate streams, lakes and ponds. Manure and wastewater from CAFOs have the potential to contribute pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, sediments, pathogens, heavy metals, hormones, antibiotics and ammonia to the environment. Under the federal Clean Water Act, the facility faces fines of up to $32,500 per day of violation.

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January 26, 2007

Four Iowa Feedlots Ordered To Comply With Clean Water Act
EPA Region 7 has issued administrative compliance orders to four cattle feedlots in western Iowa for illegally discharging pollutants into Iowa creeks in violation of the Clean Water Act. The orders require these cattle feedlots to comply with the Clean Water Act by eliminating discharges of manure that violate the law. The four feedlots are Pithan Feedlot in Anthon; Lowell Vos Feedlot in Kingsley; Marion J Rus Feedlot near Rock Valley; and A to Z Feeders in Atlantic. They discharge to Big Creek, Elliot Creek, Rock Creek, and Indian Creek, respectively.

"Many feedlots in this vital Midwestern industry continually strive to achieve compliance and protect the environment. The message from EPA has been clear and consistent: producers need to move forward to comply with the Clean Water Act,” said John B. Askew, EPA Regional Administrator. “Together, we are working for a better future for agriculture, our environment, and the people of this region." The orders resulted from violations found during EPA compliance inspections and one inspection by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) in 2006, which were part of a joint initiative by EPA and IDNR to determine compliance with the Clean Water Act. EPA and IDNR inspected a total of 50 feedlots. EPA works in close partnership with IDNR on these enforcement issues to protect Iowa water quality.

IDNR developed the Iowa Open Feedlot Plan (Iowa Plan) in 2001 with input from 11 organizations and agencies, including EPA and the Iowa Cattlemen's Association. It launched a five-year enforcement moratorium by IDNR and EPA for feedlots that registered in the Iowa Plan and met specific compliance milestones. In return, the livestock industry agreed to use the moratorium to achieve full compliance with the Clean Water Act. The enforcement moratorium ended April 1, 2006, and EPA and IDNR began inspecting feedlots in May 2006. The compliance orders address only those activities these feedlots must undertake to correct the violations and stop further environmental damage. EPA may require additional compliance activities, as well as penalties, for these and other Iowa feedlots. Several hundred cattle feedlots in Iowa are regulated under the Clean Water Act, which requires large feedlots to prevent the discharge of all livestock runoff to protect water quality.

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January 10, 2007

Company Will Pay $1 Million Penalty To Resolve Clean Water Act Violations
M.G. Waldbaum Company, a subsidiary of Minnesota-based Michael Foods Inc., has agreed to pay a $1.05 million penalty to resolve allegations that the company violated the Clean Water Act. The settlement, which is a joint federal-state effort, involves a large egg processing facility and seven associated poultry farms near the City of Wakefield, Neb. The civil penalty will be divided equally between the state and the federal government. The Clean Water Act violations concern allegations of overloading the wastewater treatment lagoons at the City of Wakefield’s publicly owned treatment works (POTW); discharging pollutants from a large pile of poultry waste into Logan Creek without a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit (NPDES) at its Husker Pride poultry concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) (one of Waldbaum’s seven poultry farms); and improperly dumping process sludge waste from its egg processing facility at two of its other poultry farms rather than spreading on the ground in accordance with state standards.

As part of this settlement, Waldbaum has committed to comply with a schedule in its current NPDES permit for construction of a wastewater treatment plant to treat the effluent from its egg processing facility. Construction of the new plant will be completed in 2009 at an estimated cost of $16 million. “This settlement underscores the Justice Department’s commitment to enforce vigorously the nation’s laws that protect the public and the environment from pollution,” said Sue Ellen Wooldridge, Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division. “I am particularly pleased by the federal/state partnership that brought about this outstanding resolution of serious environmental violations.”

"This settlement is a result of EPA enforcement program's focus on significant environmental problems, such as illegal discharges into our water systems and improper management of manure from concentrated animal feeding operations,” said Granta Y. Nakayama, Assistant Administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. “This is a great example of what can be accomplished when EPA and a state work together to address noncompliance with our nation’s environmental laws.” “This agreement will ensure that Waldbaum makes progress toward full compliance, which must be achieved by all animal agriculture facilities to ensure that this vital Midwestern industry is protective of human health and the environment,” said EPA Region 7 Administrator John B. Askew.

As part of the settlement, Waldbaum has also agreed to apply for a NPDES permit for its Husker Pride poultry farm CAFO and to develop and implement manure management plans at its other six poultry farms. The corrective actions in this agreement are designed to protect the integrity of the City of Wakefield POTW’s lagoon system and will protect surface water quality with better treatment of egg processing effluent and improved poultry manure management practices. EPA estimates that actions under this agreement will result in annual reductions of 60 pounds of phosphorus, 18,250 pounds of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 61,000 pounds of total suspended solids (TSS), and 41,600 pounds of ammonia. Ammonia is a component of poultry manure. Excessive amounts of ammonia, in wastewater can be harmful to wildlife—particularly to fish and other aquatic organisms. Excessive amounts of phosphorous, BOD, and TSS in wastewater harms waterways by depleting dissolved oxygen needed by aquatic life to live.

Concurrent with this settlement, a Clean Water Act settlement with the City of Wakefield, Neb. is being filed for numerous NPDES permit violations at its POTW – many due to overloading of its lagoons by effluent from Waldbaum’s egg processing facility. Under the agreement, the City of Wakefield will pay a civil penalty of $20,000, comply with the Clean Water Act and its NPDES permit, prohibit POTW treatment of wastewater from Waldbaum, and conduct increased influent and effluent monitoring and reporting.

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June 27, 2006

Oregon Cherry Farmer Agrees To Restore Wetlands
EPA announced that the owner and manager of the Twin Forks Ranch in Hood River, Oregon, have agreed to restore 4.32 acres and enhance an additional 1.38 acres of wetlands that were impacted while constructing irrigation facilities on the property in 2004. The property owner, Oswald Ranches, LLC., and its manager entered a voluntary agreement with the State of Oregon under their state Fill and Removal Law and EPA under the Clean Water Act (CWA) in which they agreed to conduct the wetlands restoration and mitigation work. The manager and his company violated the CWA when he cleared a portion of a 73-acre parcel to convert to cherry orchards. Oswald believed that these areas were covered under state and federal agricultural exemptions and did not qualify as regulated wetlands. However, according to EPA, not all activities associated with agriculture, are exempt. “The landowner in this case, mistakenly believed that its land clearing activities and irrigation reservoir construction were exempt from state and federal regulations,” said Socorro Rodriguez, Director EPA’s Oregon Operations Office in Portland. “The basic message here is when in doubt, check first.” The Oregon Department of State Lands has already assessed a $3,600 penalty for the violation. Once implemented, the mitigation and restoration proposed by the landowner will enhance both fish and wildlife habitat and water quality in the area.

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May 18, 2006

Illinois Farm Cited for Filling in Wetlands Without Permit
EPA Region 5 has issued an administrative complaint to Heser Farms of Centralia, Ill., for allegedly depositing about 3,000 cubic yards of material into two acres of forested wetlands without first obtaining a required permit. The wetlands are in Marion County, Ill., next to Martin Branch, a stream that flows through Lake Centralia. Heser Farms failed to comply with a January 2005 EPA order to restore the wetlands. EPA proposes to assess a $120,000 penalty. Under the federal Clean Water Act, a permit is required to fill in waters of the U.S., including wetlands. Wetlands include marshes, bogs, swamps and similar areas between water and dry land. They are valuable because they filter pollutants, provide wildlife habitat, control flooding, reduce erosion, support fisheries and recharge ground water.

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March 6, 2006

Cattle Feedlot Operator in Iowa Cited for Clean Water Act Violations
EPA Region 7 has cited Lauritsen Cattle Company, a feedlot operator in southwestern Iowa, for illegally discharging pollutants into a tributary of the East Nishnabotna River in violation of the Clean Water Act. The operator also has failed to fully comply with the Iowa Open Feedlot Plan. EPA ordered Lauritsen Cattle Company (Lauritsen) to build proper livestock waste control structures to stop feedlot wastewater and runoff from further damaging the environment. Lauritsen had been violating the law by operating its cattle feedlot without those controls. The feedlot is located near Exira, about 70 miles west of Des Moines. In addition, Lauritsen has agreed to pay a $29,700 penalty. The enforcement case will be finalized in mid-March, subject to public comment during a 40-day comment period. EPA brought this action after the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) expelled Lauritsen from the Iowa Open Feedlot Plan (Iowa Plan). Lauritsen registered in the Iowa Plan in 2001, but failed to meet its mandatory deadlines for progress. The Iowa Plan ends April 1. “Our message to Iowa cattle producers has been clear,” said Jim Gulliford, EPA Regional Administrator. “Producers were given a five-year enforcement moratorium to fully comply with the law, and we expect them to meet the commitments they made when they entered into the agreement. When the Iowa Plan ends, EPA will enforce the Clean Water Act against feedlots that are polluting the nation’s waters.” IDNR developed the Iowa Plan in 2001 with input from 11 organizations and agencies, including EPA. It established a five-year enforcement moratorium by IDNR and EPA for feedlots that registered in the Iowa Plan and met specific compliance milestones. Several hundred cattle feedlots in Iowa are regulated under the Clean Water Act, which requires feedlots to prevent the discharge of all livestock runoff because of the numerous pollutants it contains, often at harmful levels. Illegal runoff from open feedlots has caused a number of fish kills in Iowa in recent years. Animal wastes are typically high in nutrients, including ammonia and other pollutants, which can cause decreased oxygen levels in receiving waters. These depleted oxygen levels can adversely impact fish and other aquatic life. In addition, ammonia above certain concentrations in surface water is toxic to fish. Cattle feedlot wastewater may also contain a number of bacterial and viral pathogens (such as E. coli), as well as parasites (such as Cryptosporidium). Illnesses caused by ingestion of these microorganisms can result in gastroenteritis, fever, and kidney failure.

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March 1, 2006

EPA Orders Nordman Feedlots To Stop Discharges
EPA Region 5 has ordered Nordman Feedlots Inc., Oregon, Ill., to stop all unauthorized discharges of manure and wastewater and comply with the Clean Water Act. EPA also ordered the company to apply to Illinois Environmental Protection Agency for a discharge permit under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. "When pollutants from livestock manure and other animal waste discharge into surface or ground water they can create a threat to public health and water resources," said EPA regional Water Division director Jo-Lynn Traub. In June 2005, EPA inspected the feedlot and found it is a Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) under the Clean Water Act because 2,000 cattle were confined at the site. The inspector also reported that pollutants from the facility were not contained and polluted runoff was discharging to an unnamed ditch that drains to the Kyte River, a tributary of the Rock River. The Clean Water Act prohibits manure and wastewater discharges from CAFOs unless authorized by a permit. Regulations require any person who discharges or proposes to discharge to apply for a permit. The order also requires Nordman Feedlots to develop a plan to contain and adequately store manure and wastewater from its production area and submit the plan to EPA, Illinois EPA and the Illinois Department of Agriculture. Manure and wastewater from animal feeding operations have the potential to contribute pollutants to the environment such as nitrogen and phosphorus, organic matter, sediments and pathogens.

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March 7, 2005

California Farming Company To Pay $1.15 Million for Wetlands Violations
EPA has reached an agreement with Adam Brothers Farming, Inc. for the payment of $1.15 million in penalties and conservation projects, and the preservation of approximately 20 acres of wetlands, creeks, and riparian habitat on their property in Santa Barbara County. The agreement represents a full settlement of a civil enforcement action brought by the United States alleging that the company unlawfully filled 70 acres of federally-regulated waters in the late 1990's, including portions of Orcutt Creek. "EPA will continue to be vigilant in ensuring activities affecting our waterways and wetlands are properly permitted under the Clean Water Act," said Alexis Strauss, Water Division Director for the U.S. EPA's Pacific Southwest Office in San Francisco. "We remain steadfast in safeguarding California's imperiled wetlands. This settlement protects Orcutt Creek and permanently preserves nearby wetlands widely recognized as conservation priorities."

Under the terms of the proposed settlement with the U.S. EPA and the Department of Justice, Adam Brothers Farming, Inc. will pay a $200,000 penalty to the federal government, and $915,000 to the Land Conservancy of San Luis Obispo County. In turn, the Land Conservancy will spend the money buying and protecting parcels containing wetlands, creeks, and riparian habitat in southern San Luis Obispo County; these important parcels are threatened by landscape fragmentation and suburban development. Specifically, the Conservancy will buy two properties sheltering aquatic resources similar to those damaged along Orcutt Creek:

EPA learned of the violations from the Los Angeles District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Together, EPA and the Corps administer the federal wetlands regulatory program. The proposed settlement allows Adam Brothers Farming, Inc, to farm legally on their 261-acre parcel near the town of Orcutt in northern Santa Barbara County.

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January 27, 2005

Federal Court Orders Cranberry Growers To Restore 25 Acres of Wetlands and Pay $75,000 For Violations
EPA announced that a federal judge has ordered Carver, Mass. cranberry growers Charles and Genelda Johnson, Francis Vaner Johnson, and Johnson Cranberries Limited Partnership, to pay a civil penalty of $75,000 and restore and create over 25 acres of wetlands and streams for Clean Water Act violations. The court-imposed wetland restoration project will cost an estimated $1.1 million and must be completed in four years.

The announcement follows an earlier judgment by the federal District Court, for the District of Massachusetts, that found the Johnsons liable for multiple violations of the Clean Water Act when they filled and altered wetlands and other waters while constructing and expanding cranberry bogs at three of their properties in Carver, Mass. The Johnsons failed to obtain permits from the Army Corps of Engineers, as is required before filling or altering wetlands. Because of the significant ecological impacts to the wetlands at the site, it is unlikely that a permit would have been issued for the bogs, as constructed. This is one of the largest wetlands cases ever pursued by EPA's New England regional office, in terms of the acres of wetlands filled and altered. While the court found the Johnsons liable for filling more wetland acres than will be restored under the court's order, the remedy reflects the most that the United States' financial experts estimated that the Johnsons could afford and still continue their farming business.

The Johnson's cranberry bog construction and associated activities destroyed existing natural wetlands and streams and severely diminished their ecological functions. The resolution of this case will not only restore these ecological functions, but will ensure that the majority of cranberry growers, who do comply with the Clean Water Act requirements, will not be placed at a competitive disadvantage by those farmers who violate the rules. EPA presented extensive evidence to the court showing that the Defendants' violations resulted in significant environmental and ecological harm that warranted restoration and the payment of a penalty. Wetlands provide valuable wildlife habitat -- offering breeding and feeding grounds for a broad array of mammals, birds and other wildlife. Wetlands help to protect the health and safety of people and their communities by preventing flooding from snow melts after storms and providing a natural filtration system for stormwater runoff before it gets into our rivers, lakes and ponds. Converting large areas of natural wetlands to commercial cranberry bogs can profoundly alter and impair wildlife habitat and floodwater retention. Restoration of harmed wetlands is an appropriate remedy in cases where these functions have been impaired, as restoring the integrity of the nation's waters is one of the main purposes of the Clean Water Act.

EPA was assisted on the case by the New England District of the Army Corps of Engineers, which is charged with issuing permits under the Clean Water Act for work in wetlands. As part of the Corps' wetlands enforcement program, they provide technical support in the development of wetland enforcement cases. The Corps, along with EPA and state agencies, also provides technical support to farmers to help them comply with wetlands law and have made great strides in encouraging farmers to meet with the agencies to ensure they obtain the proper federal permits before constructing or expanding bogs in wetlands.

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December 1, 2004

Rendering Plant Pleads Guilty
Griffin Industries Inc., of Cold Spring, Ky., pleaded guilty on Nov. 22, in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Georgia in Augusta to a misdemeanor violation of the Clean Water Act by discharging number six fuel oil through a designated storm water outfall into Bay Branch Creek. The plea agreement calls for the company to pay a fine of $50,000. The agreement also calls for the company to continue to employ an environmental consulting company for a minimum of 12 months to oversee the disposal of wastewater. Griffin Industries is a rendering plant that converts inedible animal waste into tallow, a main ingredient in cattle feed and dry pet food. According to charges in the plea agreement, employees of Griffin Industries’ East Dublin, Ga., plant violated the company’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System storm water permit by allowing number six fuel oil to enter the south storm water outfall. Rainfall or wash-down water from clean up procedures discharged the number six fuel oil from the south storm water outfall into Bay Branch Creek. Discharging wastewater containing number six fuel oil can be harmful to fish and other aquatic life. The case was investigated by the Atlanta Area Office of EPA’s Criminal Investigation Division, with the assistance of EPA’s National Enforcement Investigations Center, EPA Region IV, and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources’ Environmental Protection Division. It was prosecuted by the U.S. attorney’s office for the Southern District of Georgia.

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November 23, 2004

Tennessee Dairy Farmer Indicted
The owner of the Black Jack Ridge Dairy near the community of Santa Fe, Tenn., was indicted on Nov. 4, in U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee in Nashville on two felony and one misdemeanor count of violating the Clean Water Act. The indictment alleges that the owner used both a manmade pipe and a spray irrigation system to discharge waste from his dairy facility onto the grounds of his property. The wastes then allegedly flowed into Lick Creek which empties into the Duck River. Polluting surface waters with animal wastes can make the waters unsafe for drinking and recreational uses, and it can also present a danger to fish and wildlife. The case was investigated by the Nashville Office of EPA’s Criminal Investigation Division, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Office of Inspector General and the FBI with the assistance of the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation and the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. It is being prosecuted by the Environmental Crimes Section of the U.S. Department of Justice in Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Tennessee.

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November 9, 2004

EPA Orders Nevada Beef Company To Correct Violations of Federal Water Regulations
EPA ordered the Agri-Beef Company to correct damage done to a local river on its 1.4 million acre IL Ranch in Elko County, Nev., in violation of the federal Clean Water Act. EPA ordered the company to correct damage done to a segment of the South Fork Owyhee River at the company’s ranch which is located approximately 80 miles north of Elko. The company placed roughly 3,200 cubic yards of dredged material -- dirt and debris – into the river to divert 1,200 feet of its flow without first obtaining a federal permit. "The Owhyee River is a treasured natural resource of the Western United States," said Alexis Strauss, director of EPA's water division for the Pacific Southwest regional office. "We will ensure this company complies with our order to undo the damage, and restore the river." The order requires the company to prepare a comprehensive plan for restoring the river's flow back to its natural course. The company must remove the dirt and debris, replace any vegetation removed, and take steps to prevent further erosion of the stream banks. In addition, EPA is requiring the company to monitor the area for five years to evaluate the success of the restoration project. EPA discovered the violations after a site inspection last July.

Federal regulations prohibit the placement of dirt, debris or dredged material into waterways without a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. When projects are undertaken without a required permit, environmental damage can occur from increases in erosion, water pollution and flooding. EPA and the Corps share responsibilities for enforcing specific provisions of the federal Clean Water Act and they are working together to resolve the violation at the IL Ranch. The IL Ranch encompasses one of the most pristine natural landscapes left in the Western United States. The Owyhee River, which flows from Nevada into Idaho’s Snake River, is a popular recreation destination for fishing and rafting.

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September 22, 2004

EPA Settles Wetlands Enforcement Case in Tulare County
As part of a settlement with EPA over wetlands violations along Cottonwood Creek north of Visalia, the Leyendekker family will convey a nearby 300-acre parcel of land to a regional land trust for permanent protection and management. The parcel, known as "Westside 300," is south of Waukena near Creighton Ranch amid the convergence of several creeks, rivers, and sloughs. The parcel supports 40 acres of rare, alkali vernal pools in the proximity of the ancient shoreline of the drained Tulare Lake. Vernal pools are a type of seasonal wetland that often support plants and animals unique to California. The property will be managed for conservation purposes while allowing sustainable livestock grazing and scientific research accompanied by a rigorous restoration and management plan being prepared by the land trust.

"Through the years, the wetlands and waterways of Tulare County have been severely altered and impaired," said Alexis Strauss, director of EPA's water division for the Pacific Southwest region. "We are pleased the aquatic resources on Westside 300 will be restored and protected forever to help offset the unfortunate loss of wetlands along Cottonwood Creek." In June 2000, the Leyendekkers converted 75 percent of a nearly pristine 320-acre parcel along Cottonwood Creek from wetlands into cultivated farmland. Workers destroyed approximately 33 acres of vernal pools and swales by deep-ripping, disking, and land-leveling without appropriate federal and state permits. The Clean Water Act prohibits the placement of dredged or fill materials into wetlands, rivers, streams, and other waterways without a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Corps. Together, EPA and the Corps administer the federal wetlands program.

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August 23, 2004

EPA Proposes $25K Penalty Against Owner of Diamond T Ranch
EPA has proposed a $25,000 penalty against a ranch owner for illegally dredging and filling a wetland and creek on Diamond T Ranch, south of McCammon, in Bannock County, Idaho. In Fall 2001, while building an earthen bridge across a creek, the owner filled and bulldozed approximately one-half of an acre of stream channel, wetlands, and riparian habitat adjacent to Potter Creek. He constructed the bridge to move his farm equipment from one field to the next. The owner never obtained the permits necessary for the project from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or from the Idaho Department of Water Resources.

In violation of Corps regulations, the culvert the owner placed beneath his earthen road crossing does not allow for the passage of aquatic life, and disrupts the natural flow of Potter Creek. The disturbance of area around Potter Creek has resulted in runoff of sediment into the creek. He and his ranch manager, who performed the work, were told by the Corps to cease the activity being conducted without the required permits, but later resumed their illegal work on the project. The owner also has failed to comply with numerous deadlines for restoration of the site set by the EPA and the Corps, and to date has refused to restore all of the damage caused by his unauthorized work. Under the Clean Water Act, EPA proposes penalties using a number of factors, including the seriousness of the violation, length of time stream was impacted, and lack of good-faith efforts to comply.

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August 10, 2004

Yardarm Knot Fisheries To Pay $11,000 Penalty for Fish Waste Violations
EPA announced that Yardarm Knot Fisheries, which operates the Red Salmon Cannery in Naknek, has agreed to pay $11,000 to settle an EPA-issued complaint for violations of the federal Clean Water Act. While the facility has a permit to discharge its fish processing waste into the Naknek River, after a June 2003 inspection, an EPA inspector determined that the company was violating important terms of its Clean Water Act permit. Among the violations noted are:

"Seafood processing is a critical element of Alaska’s economy,” said Mike Bussell, Director of EPA’s Enforcement and Compliance office in Seattle. “But it shouldn’t be done at the expense of the environment that the seafood industry depends upon. Strong enforcement actions help level the playing field by forcing non-compliant operators to invest in treatment technologies and practices that their competitors have adopted in order to obey the law and protect their environment.”

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January 23, 2004

Wyoming Man Indicted for Clean Water Act Violations Affecting Indian Lands
John Hubenka, of Riverton, WY, was indicted on Jan. 14, 2004 on charges that he allegedly built unpermitted dikes in Wyoming's Wind River in violation of the Clean Water Act. The indictment charges that between March 1999 and November 1999, Hubenka performed dredging and construction to build three earthen dikes in the river without a proper permit. In the process he allegedly used earth moving equipment to discharge rock, sand and other dredge and fill material into the river. The alleged result was a change in the river's course that cut off approximately 300 acres of tribal land from the reservation. Separating tribal land from an Indian reservation can create an economic burden on tribal members who wish to use the land for agricultural or other economic purposes, and unpermitted discharge of dredge and fill material into rivers can harm fish and wildlife. The case was investigated by the Denver Area Office of EPA's Criminal Investigation Division with legal support from EPA Region 8 in Denver. The case is being prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney's Office in Cheyenne. An indictment is merely an allegation and all defendants are presumed innocent unless or until proven guilty in a court of law.

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November 5, 2002

Silver Spring Exterminating Company Sentenced for Improper Pesticide Disposal - Discharge Caused Significant Fish Kill in Rock Creek
EPA announced that Pied Piper Pest Control of Silver Spring, Md., and a worker of Berwyn Heights, Md., were sentenced Nov. 4 for discharging pesticides into Rock Creek causing a fish kill in May, 2000. The U.S. District Court Judge imposed a fine of $15,000 on Pied Piper and ordered the company to pay restitution of $5,000 each to Montgomery County and the State of Maryland for their response costs. The court also ordered Pied Piper to comply with an August 2002 Consent Order with the Maryland Department of Agriculture. The consent order suspends the license of both Pied Piper and its owner, for a total of 18 weeks over the next three years, during the height of the termite season, and requires that the worker either pass a state certified applicator examination or be personally supervised during pesticide applications. The worker was also ordered to serve six months of home confinement with electronic monitoring and placed on probation for two years. The court further ordered that the worker comply with the work restrictions in the consent decree, wherever he is employed.

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August 28, 2002

North Carolina Meat Packing Company Sentenced for Clean Water Act Conspiracy
For conspiring to violate the Clean Water Act, Lakeview Packing Co. of Snowhill, NC, was sentenced to pay a $75,000 fine and serve five years probation on Aug. 5, 2002 in U.S. Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina in Greenville. Lakeview Packing is a hog slaughter and processing company. In its previous plea, the defendant admitted that it conspired with its employees to intentionally discharge processing wastes from its facility through a drainage pipe into Tyson Marsh that empties into Contentnea Creek, which is a tributary of the Neuse River. The amount discharged averaged approximately 30,000 gallons per day. The discharge of animal processing wastes into surface waters can make them unsafe for drinking and recreation and can promote the growth of microorganisms such as pfisteria which can be harmful to fish, wildlife, and humans. The case was investigated by EPA's Criminal Investigation Division and the North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation with the assistance of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Inspector General, the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service and EPA's National Enforcement Investigations Center. It was prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney's office in Greenville.

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January 18, 2002

South Dakota Facility Pleads to Clean Water Act Violation
Heartland Grain Fuels of Aberdeen, SD, has agreed to plead guilty to violating the Clean Water Act by illegally discharging ethanol into Moccasin Creek. The ethanol reached the Aberdeen wastewater treatment facility and killed bacteria needed to properly digest raw sewage. The ability of the plant to adequately treat sewage was impaired for approximately two weeks. If the U.S. District Court in Aberdeen approves the plea agreement, Heartland will pay up to $40,000 in fines and provide an additional $158,143 to the city of Aberdeen to upgrade the ability of its sewage treatment facility to control and monitor pollutant discharges. The case was investigated by EPA's Criminal Investigation Division and is being prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney's Office in Sioux Falls.

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March 9, 2001

CEO of Mississippi Company Sentenced
The former Chief Executive Officer of Central Industries, Inc., Scott County, Miss., was sentenced March 2, for violating the Clean Water Act (CWA). The company previously pleaded guilty to CWA violations and was fined $14 million. The company operates an animal rendering plant and was charged with discharging levels of polluted wastewater that exceeded permitted levels from its rendering plant into Tallabogue Creek, a tributary of the Pearl River. The former CEO was fined $300,000 and ordered to serve four months home confinement, three years probation and 200 hours to benefit the community. Discharging higher than permitted levels of organic wastes into surface waters can reduce oxygen in rivers and streams and thereby harm fish and aquatic life. The case was investigated by EPA's Criminal Investigations Division, the FBI and the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and was jointly prosecuted by the Environmental Crimes Section of the U.S. Department of Justice and by the U.S. Attorney's Office in Jackson.

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