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\cf2 A. Description}}
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\cf2 The Green-Ampt model is the first physically-based equation 
describing the infiltration of water into a soil.  It has been the 
subject of considerable developments in soil physics and hydrology 
owing to its simplicity and satisfactory performance for a great 
variety of water infiltration problems.  This model yields cumulative 
infiltration and infiltration rate as implicit functions of time, }{
\cf2\i i.e.,}{\cf2  given a value of time, }{\cf2\i t}{\cf2 , }{\cf2\i q}{
\cf2  and}{\cf2\i  I}{\cf2  cannot be obtained by direct substitution.  
The equations have to be solved in an iterative manner to obtain these 
quantities.  Therefore, the required functions are }{\cf2\i q(t)}{\cf2  
and }{\cf2\i I(t)}{\cf2  instead of }{\cf2\i t(q)}{\cf2  and }{\cf2\i t(I)}{
\cf2 .  The Green Ampt explicit model (GAEXP) for }{\cf2\i q(t) }{\cf2 and}{
\cf2\i  I(t)}{\cf2 , developed by Salvucci and Entekhabi (1994), 
facilitated a straight forward and accurate estimation of infiltration 
for any given time.  This model supposedly yield less than 2% error at 
all times when compared to the exact values from the implicit 
Green-Ampt model.   }{\cf2 A scenario was chosen to simulate the water 
infiltration into a sandy soil under ponding conditions by using the 
GAEXP model.  A ponding depth of 1 cm was applied at the soil surface.  
Input parameters and simulation results were given below.}}
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\cf2 Duration of infiltration (h)}}
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\cf2 Values given above were obtained from Carsel and Parrish (1988) 
for a sandy soil.}}
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{\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;}{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0
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\cf2 Figure B4-1.  Soil infiltration as a function of time. }}
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\cf2 Figure B4-2.  Cumulative Infiltration as a function of time.}}
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\cf2 E.  Discussion}}
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\cf2 Figures B4-1 and B4-2 show the soil water infiltration rate and 
cumulative infiltration as a function of time, respectively.  A rapid 
decrease in water infiltration rate was observed within the first 5 
hours.  From 5 to 24 hours, the water infiltration rate decreased 
gradually and finally approached a constant rate at t > 20 hours.}}
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\cf2 F.  Sensitivity Analysis of Infiltration Rate to Saturated 
hydraulic Conductivity}}
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\cf2 This section shows the sensitivity coefficient (}{\cf2\i S}{\cf2
\fs16\i\dn s}{\cf2 ) and the relative sensitivity (}{\cf2\i S}{\cf2\fs16
\i\dn r}{\cf2 ) of the surface infiltration rate, q, to the saturated 
hydraulic conductivity (}{\cf2\i K}{\cf2\fs16\i\dn s}{\cf2 ) at the 
time of 5 hours.   }{\cf2 The expressions were obtained by applying 
Equations 3 and 4 in Section B2 (PHILIP2T model) to Equation 5 in this 
section.}}
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0 1 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 2 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 3 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 4 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 1 1 22 15 10 0 2 
.EQN 3 -31 385 0 0
{0:K.s}NAME=
.EQN 0 6 386 0 0
{0:q}NAME({0:K.s}NAME)=
.EQN 0 7 387 0 0
{0:S.s}NAME({0:K.s}NAME){19063}=
.EQN 0 10 501 0 0
{0:S.r}NAME({0:K.s}NAME)=
.TXT 23 10 368 0 0
Cg a33.000000,33.000000,119
{\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red64\green0\blue64;}{
\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0\fnil Times New Roman;}}\plain\cf1\fs20\b \pard {
\cf2 Figure B4-3.  Sensitivity of infiltration rate for different 
values of saturated hydraulic conductivity at t = 5 hours.}}
.EQN 8 -2 320 0 0
&&(_n_u_l_l_&_n_u_l_l_)&{0:S.r}NAME({0:K.s}NAME)@&&(_n_u_l_l_&_n_u_l_l_)&{0:K.s}NAME
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Saturated hydraulic conductivity (cm/h)
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Rel. sensitivity of infiltration rate
0 1 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 2 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 3 2 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 4 3 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 1 4 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 2 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 3 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 4 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 1 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 2 2 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 3 3 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 4 4 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 1 5 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 2 6 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 3 0 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 4 1 0 1 1 NO-TRACE-STRING
0 1 1 22 15 10 0 2 
.TXT 26 2 321 0 0
Cg a31.500000,31.500000,129
{\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red64\green0\blue64;}{
\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0\fnil Times New Roman;}}\plain\cf1\fs20\b \pard {
\cf2 Figure B4-4.  Relative sensitivity of infiltration rate for 
different values of  saturated hydraulic conductivity at t = 5 hours.}}
.TXT 7 -36 317 0 0
Cg a73.000000,73.000000,15
{\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red64\green0\blue64;}{
\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0\fnil Times New Roman;}}\plain\cf1\fs20\b \pard {
\cf2 F.4. Discussion}}
.TXT 4 2 318 0 0
Cg a71.000000,71.000000,407
{\rtf\ansi \deff0{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red64\green0\blue64;}{
\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0\fnil Times New Roman;}}\plain\cf1\fs20\b \pard {
\cf2 Figure B4-3 shows a sensitivity of the infiltration rate for 
different values of saturated hydraulic conductivity.  The sensitivity 
decreased as the saturated hydraulic conductivity increased.  }{\cf2  
Figure B4-4 shows the relative sensitivity of the infiltration rate 
for different values of saturated hydraulic conductivity.  The 
relative sensitivity increased as the saturated hydraulic conductivity 
increased.}}