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Module 7: Regulatory Requirements - Review Exercises

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Instructions:
Answer these questions on a sheet of paper and check your responses against those provided below.
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Q icon #1
Which of the following is not included in Title I?
  1. Regional Haze
  2. Benzene
  3. PM10
  4. Protecting Class I areas
A icon
Answer: b. Benzene
Regional haze, the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PM10, Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) for protecting Class I areas are all included in Title I of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (1990 CAAA). Benzene is a hazardous air pollutant and is covered by Title III.
To review material, see Module 7 lessons on Title I - National Ambient Air Quality Standards and Title III - Hazardous Air Pollutants.
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Q icon #2
Which of the following is not included in Title III?
  1. Asbestos
  2. MACT
  3. Air toxics
  4. PSD
A icon
Answer: d. PSD
Asbestos (an air toxic), MACT (standards mandated for controlling air toxics), and air toxics are all included in Title III of the 1990 CAAA. PSD (Prevention of Significant Deterioration) regulations are designed to protect areas in attainment of the NAAQS (e.g. Class I areas) under Title I.
To review material, see Module 7 lessons on Title I - National Ambient Air Quality Standards and Title III - Hazardous Air Pollutants.
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Q icon #3
Which of the following is included in Title IV?
  1. Acid deposition control
  2. Air pollution from sources located on the outer continental shelf
  3. NSR
  4. HAPs
A icon
Answer: a. Acid deposition control
Title IV covers acid deposition control. Air pollution from sources located on the outer continental shelf is covered by Title VIII. NSR (New Source Review) is contained in Title I, and HAPs (Hazardous Air Pollutants) are regulated under Title III of the 1990 CAAA.
To review material, see Module 7 lessons on Title I - National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Title III - Hazardous Air Pollutants, Title IV - Acid Deposition Control, and Other Titles.
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Q icon #4
Which of the following is included in Title I?
  1. Operating permits
  2. NOx SIP Call
  3. NSPS
  4. CAM
A icon
Answer: b. NOx SIP Call
The NOx SIP Call is included in Title I. Operating permits, NSPS (New Source Performance Standards), and CAM (Compliance Assurance Monitoring) are included in Title V.
To review material, see Module 7 lessons on Title I - National Ambient Air Quality Standards and Title V - Operating Permits.
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Q icon #5
Which of the following distinguishes pollutants covered by NESHAPs from those covered by NAAQS? (Hint: Choose the answer associated with those pollutants covered by NESHAPs.)
  1. Contained in localized areas
  2. Especially stringent limits set on these pollutants
  3. Capable of increased mortality rates at high concentrations
  4. All of the above
A icon
Answer: d. All of the above
NESHAPs (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants) cover hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). HAPs are contained in localized areas, are regulated under stringent limitations, and capable of increasing mortality at high concentrations.
To review material, see Module 7 lessons on Title I - National Ambient Air Quality Standards and Title III - Hazardous Air Pollutants.
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Q icon #6
Which of the following distinguishes pollutants covered by NAAQS from those covered by NESHAPs? (Hint: Choose the answer associated with those pollutants covered by NAAQS.)
  1. These pollutants are only emitted by fossil-fuel-fired boilers.
  2. Causes irreversible or incapacitating illness at low concentrations.
  3. Emitted by numerous diverse stationary and mobile sources.
  4. All of the above
A icon
Answer: c. Emitted by numerous stationary and mobile sources.
NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards) covers pollutants emitted by numerous stationary and mobile sources. Pollutants that cause irreversible or incapacitating illness at low concentrations are covered by NESHAPs.
To review material, see Module 7 lessons on Title I - National Ambient Air Quality Standards and Title III - Hazardous Air Pollutants.
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Q icon #7
Match the following acronyms with the descriptions given.
  1. CAM
  2. MACT
  3. NSPS
  4. PSD
  1. Stringent emission limitations for new or substantially modified sources in designated industrial categories regardless of the state or ambient air quality region in which the source is located.
  2. Emission control standards for air toxics.
  3. Rule that requires facility owners to conduct monitoring of their air pollution control equipment.
  4. Regulation aimed at protecting Class I and other attainment areas.
A icon
Answer: i. c. Rule that requires facility owners to conduct monitoring of their air pollution control equipment
CAM (Compliance Assurance Monitoring) Rule requires facility owners to conduct monitoring of their air pollution control equipment to document that the equipment is performing as required.

Answer: ii. b. Emission control standards for air toxics.
MACT (Maximum Achievable Control Technology) are emission controls standards used to limit air toxics.

Answer: iii. a. Stringent emission limitations for new or substantially modified sources in designated industrial categories regardless of the state or ambient air quality region in which the source is located.
NSPS (New Source Performance Standards) regulations establish stringent emission limitations for new or substantially modified sources in designated industrial categories regardless of the state or ambient air quality region in which the source is located.

Answer: iv. d. Regulation aimed at protecting Class I and other attainment areas.
The main purpose of the PSD (Prevention of Significant Deterioration) program is to preserve, protect, and enhance the air quality in Class I areas (Class I areas include: national parks, national wilderness areas, national monuments, national seashores, and other areas of special national or regional natural, recreational, scenic, or historic value). PSD also sets emission increase limits on Class II and Class III attainment areas.
To review material, see Module 7 lessons on Title I - National Ambient Air Quality Standard, Title III - Hazardous Air Pollutants, and Title V - Operating Permits.
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Q icon #8
Match the following acronyms with the descriptions given.
  1. BACT
  2. NESHAPs
  3. NSR
  4. SIP
  5. LAER
  1. Standards set forth for controlling air toxics.
  2. Case-by-case emission limits based on the most up-to-date methods, systems, techniques, and production processes available to achieve the greatest feasible reductions taking into consideration energy, environmental, and economic impacts.
  3. A state plan adopted and submitted to EPA that addresses the implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of standards set forth by EPA.
  4. Requires all major new sources and significantly modified sources in both non-attainment areas and attainment areas to obtain permits.
  5. The best and most up-to-date control technology without consideration of economic cost used to determine emission limits for the NSR program.
A icon
Answer: i. b. Case-by-case emission limits based on the most up-to-date methods, systems, techniques, and production processes available to achieve the greatest feasible reductions taking into consideration energy, environmental, and economic impacts.
BACT (Best Achievable Control Technology) is an emission limitation based on using the most up-to-date methods, systems, techniques, and production processes available to achieve the greatest feasible reductions taking into consideration energy, environmental, and economic impacts. These are determined on a case-by-case basis as part of the PSD program.

Answer: ii. a. Standards set forth for controlling air toxics.
The NESHAPs (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants) program to control air toxics was originally introduced in the Clean Air Act of 1970 and greatly expanded in 1990.

Answer: iii. d. Requires all major new sources and significantly modified sources in both non-attainment areas and attainment areas to obtain permits.
The NSR (New Source Review) program was established in the 1977 CAAA and requires all major sources in both non-attainment areas and attainment areas to obtain permits.

Answer: iv. c. A state plan adopted and submitted to EPA that addresses the implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of standards set forth by EPA.
A SIP (State Implementation Plan) is a complex and voluminous document that states adopt and submit to EPA. The document contains comprehensive emission inventories, proposed control strategies, demonstration modeling/calculation results, summaries of regulatory authority, monitoring programs, and enforcement of standards set forth by EPA.

Answer: v. e. The best and most up-to-date control technology without consideration of economic cost used to determine emission limits for the NSR program.
LAER (Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) represents stringent control technology, which is determined without consideration of cost. LAER is used to determine emission limits for sources in non-attainment areas under the NSR program.
To review material, see Module 7 lessons on Title I - National Ambient Air Quality Standards and Title III - Hazardous Air Pollutants.
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Q icon #9
When were the NAAQS first introduced into law?
  1. 1963
  2. 1967
  3. 1970
  4. 1990
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Answer: c. 1970
The NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards) were first introduced into law in 1970.
To review material, see Module 7 lesson on The Clean Air Act.
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Q icon #10
When was acid deposition control under Title IV first promulgated?
  1. 1963
  2. 1967
  3. 1970
  4. 1990
A icon
Answer: d. 1990
Acid deposition control was introduced under Title IV in 1990.
To review material, see Module 7 lesson on Title IV - Acid Deposition Control.
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Q icon #11
Title IV requires the reduction of which of the following emissions?
  1. Sulfur dioxide
  2. Ozone
  3. Nitrogen oxides
  4. a and c
A icon
Answer: d. a and c
Title IV requires the reduction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions, which are considered to be the main precursors of acid rain related environmental problems.
To review material, see Module 7 lesson on Title IV - Acid Deposition Control.
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