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Connecticut
State Programs
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State Planning and Incentive Structures | Energy Efficiency Actions | Energy Supply Actions
State Planning and Incentive Structures
Lead By Example—Energy Efficiency in Public Facilities
Status: Completed
Details: Governor M. Jodi Rell signed HB 7432 - An Act Concerning Electricity and Energy Efficiency - on June 4, 2007, which broadened and increased the state's green buildings requirement. Starting January 1, 2008, no exemptions to the energy efficiency rules for state facilities exist, except to those state facilities where at least $2 million of the funding comes from the state. The bill also extends energy efficiency requirements to school renovations and construction where at least $2 million is provided in state funding. All of these facilities must exceed the current building code energy efficiency standards (the 2004 edition of ASHRAE Standard 90.1) by at least 20%. On December 14, 2005, in a policy memorandum titled "Energy Efficiency Call to Action," the Governor called on state agency heads to lead by example by encouraging a "culture of energy efficiency," and to reduce energy consumption in state buildings by 10% in 2006. The Governor also called for energy efficiency goals to be included in each state agency's budget. The state's Climate Change Action Plan included a recommendation to require high-performance buildings for schools and other state-funded projects. The recommendation would mandate LEED certification for all new construction and major renovation that receives some state funding. The recommendation also included adopting similar standards for existing state buildings, through LEED-EB.
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/2007/ACT/PA/2007PA-00242-R00HB-07432-PA.htm
- http://www.ct.gov/governorrell/cwp/view.asp?A=1761&Q=307676
- http://www.ctclimatechange.com/documents/RCI_CCCAP_2005.pdf
Lead By Example—Energy Efficient Appliance and Equipment Purchase Requirements for Public Facilities
Status: Completed
Details: Governor M. Jodi Rell signed HB 7432 on June 4, 2007, which requires the Department of Administrative Services and other purchasing agencies to buy appliances and equipment that meet federal ENERGY STAR standards.
HB 5051 (signed May 30, 2006) requires "that no state funds shall be used to install or replace a permanent outdoor luminaire for lighting on the grounds of any state building or facility unless the luminaire is designed to maximize energy conservation" (with exceptions to comply with federal regulations).
The 2006 Connecticut Energy Plan calls for state government to procure ENERGY STAR appliances and equipment for state agencies.
On December 14, 2005, in a policy memorandum titled "Energy Efficiency Call to Action," the Governor called for state agencies to purchase energy-efficient equipment and products.
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/2007/ACT/PA/2007PA-00242-R00HB-07432-PA.htm
- http://search.cga.state.ct.us/2006/ACT/PA/
2006PA-00086-R00HB-05051-PA.htm - http://www.ctenergy.org/images/2006Plan.doc
Lead By Example—Clean Energy Goals for Public Facilities
Status: Completed
Details: Governor Jodi Rell announced on November 19, 2007, an increase in the state's annual voluntary purchase of green power to nearly 84 million kilowatt-hours (kWh), representing nearly 12% of the state’s total annual electricity usage. Connecticut’s purchase of green power resources is part of a state program (Energy Vision for a Cleaner, Greener State) that is pushing Connecticut’s government to purchase 20% of its electricity from renewable generation by 2020. (Connecticut is the second largest green power purchaser of all state governments and the first New England state to join EPA’s Green Power Partnership.) Executive Order 32 (April 22, 2004) calls for state government agencies and universities to work toward increasing renewable energy purchases to 20% of electricity use in 2010, 50% in 2020, and 100% in 2050. The order also allows the state to use the savings created by energy efficiency and conservation projects to purchase green power.
- http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/
eebfaebc1afd883d85257355005afd19/fc44924f11bc093b852573980079fa34!OpenDocument - http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/
incentivesearch.cfm?Incentive_Code=CT07R&Search=TableType&type=Purchase&CurrentPageID=7&EE=1&RE=1 - http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/names/r01_2007-11-19_ct
Lead By Example—Energy Efficiency and Alternative Fuel Goals for Public Fleets
Status: Completed
Details: On June 4, 2007, Governor Rell signed HB 7432 - An Act Concerning Electricity and Energy Efficiency - which requires that each car or light-duty truck in the state fleet have a fuel efficiency rating that is in the top third of the vehicles in its class, starting January 1, 2008. The bill also requires that at least 50% of the purchased vehicles be alternative fueled, hybrid electric, or plug-in electric vehicles between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2009. This proportion must increase to 100% starting January 1, 2010. CT Statute CGS 4a-67d (modified by PA 04-231) requires that cars and light-duty trucks purchased by the state must have an average EPA estimated fuel economy of at least 40 mpg. Purchases must comply with EPAct's state fleet acquisition requirements and must obtain the best achievable fuel economy per pound of carbon dioxide emitted in their vehicle class. In a December 2005 policy memorandum titled "Energy Efficiency Call to Action," the Governor called on state agency heads to lead by example by encouraging a "culture of energy efficiency" and for state agencies to purchase clean-fuel, low-emission, and/or hybrid-electric vehicles and energy-efficient products, when feasible.
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/2007/ACT/PA/2007PA-00242-R00HB-07432-PA.htm
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/2005/pub/Chap058.htm#Sec4a-67d.htm
- http://www.ct.gov/governorrell/cwp/view.asp?A=1761&Q=307676
State and Regional Energy Planning
Status: Completed/Further Work In Progress
Details: On June 4, 2007, Governor Rell signed HB 7432—An Act Concerning Electricity and Energy Efficiency—which requires the Connecticut Energy Advisory Board (CEAB) to develop recommendations, by January 1, 2009, on (1) how to integrate the state's energy entities, (2) meet state and regional greenhouse gas emission goals, and (3) promote indigenous alternative fuel resources. Under the Act, CEAB must also study the efficacy, innovation, and customer focus of three energy conservation program options. CEAB submitted its Electric Conservation Programs Study to the Energy and Technology Committee on February 1, 2008. On February 6, 2007, the CEAB approved its 2007 Energy Plan and submitted it to the legislature. Among its goals are an RPS of 20% by 2020, a 20% mix of biofuels in all residential and commercial heating oil by 2020, and a 20% reduction of fossil fuel consumption by 2020.
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/2007/ACT/PA/2007PA-00242-R00HB-07432-PA.htm
- http://www.ctenergy.org/
- http://www.ctenergy.org/pdf/2007_Energy_Plan.pdf
Determining the Air Quality Benefits of Clean Energy—Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy Set Asides (NOX Budget Trading Program)
Status: No Activity Identified
Determining the Air Quality Benefits of Clean Energy—Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy Set Asides (CAIR Budget Trading Program)
Status: Completed
Details: Under CAIR regulations, Connecticut established an energy efficiency/renewable energy set aside at 10% of the state’s CAIR budget for both phases of the CAIR program. The set aside includes 268 CAIR NOx allowances for 2009 and subsequent ozone-season control periods.
Energy Efficiency Actions
Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standards
Status: Completed
Details: Governor M. Jodi Rell signed HB 7432 - An Act Concerning Electricity and Energy Efficiency - on June 4, 2007. The bill required the Connecticut Energy Advisory Board (CEAB) to develop a "Connecticut energy excellence plan," which must detail how energy efficiency efforts can be expanded to reduce the state's peak electric demand by at least 10% by 2010. CEAB submitted its Electric Conservation Programs Study to the Energy and Technology Committee on February 1, 2008.
Connecticut expanded its renewable portfolio standard in 2005 to require investor-owned electricity suppliers to purchase 1% of total load from efficient sources in 2007, 2% in 2008, 3% in 2009, and 4% by 2010 and thereafter.
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/2007/AMD/H/2007HB-07432-R00HA-AMD.htm
- http://www.aceee.org/energy/eesavings.htm
Public Benefit Funds for Energy Efficiency
Status: Completed
Details: A non-by-passable surcharge funds the Connecticut Clean Energy Fund (CCEF). The charge increased to $0.001/kWh in 2004; the fund operates on a budget of $126.7 million annually (of which $89 million goes towards energy efficiency).
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=5005&which_year=1998
- http://www.ctinnovations.com/funding/ccef/about.php
- http://www.aceee.org/briefs/dec05_01.htm
Building Codes for Energy Efficiency—Commercial Programs
Status: Goes Beyond ECPA
Details: 2003 IECC, mandatory statewide; can use COMcheck-EZ to show compliance. Governor M. Jodi Rell signed HB 7432—An Act Concerning Electricity and Energy Efficiency—on June 4, 2007, which requires the state building inspector and the Codes and Standards Committee to amend the State Building Code to require (1) buildings costing $5 million or more built after January 1, 2009 and (2) renovations costing $2 million or more starting January 1, 2010, to meet the LEED silver standard or its equivalent. The requirements apply to private and public sector projects, other than residential buildings with up to four units.
Building Codes for Energy Efficiency—Residential Programs
Status: Goes Beyond ECPA
Details: 2003 IECC, mandatory statewide; can use REScheck to show compliance. Governor M. Jodi Rell signed HB 7432—An Act Concerning Electricity and Energy Efficiency—on June 4, 2007, which requires the state building inspector and the codes and standards committee to revise the code starting January 1, 2008, and specifically includes residential buildings in the mandate.
State Appliance Efficiency Standards
Status: Completed
Details: Governor M. Jodi Rell signed HB 7432—An Act Concerning Electricity and Energy Efficiency—on June 4, 2007, which established energy efficiency standards for various products, including: certain incandescent lamps, medium voltage transformers, bottled water dispensers, commercial hot food holding cabinets, portable electric spas, walk-in refrigerators and freezers, pool heaters, and residential furnaces and boilers purchased by the state. The Governor signed SB 145 into law on May 10, 2004, requiring the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management to establish minimum energy efficiency standards for certain products. The regulations by the Office of Policy and Management were issued in July 2005, and include provisions for commercial clothes washers, commercial refrigerators and freezers, illuminated exit signs, large packaged air conditioners, torchiere lighting fixtures, and unit heaters.
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/2007/ACT/PA/2007PA-00242-R00HB-07432-PA.htm
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/2004/act/Pa/2004PA-00085-R00SB-00145-PA.htm
Energy Supply Actions
Renewable Portfolio Standards
Status: Completed
Details: Governor M. Jodi Rell signed HB 7432 - An Act Concerning Electricity and Energy Efficiency - on June 4, 2007, which requires that 27% of the state's electricity come from renewable sources by 2020. The law includes standards for three classes of renewables. Electric providers must meet the standard with at least 20% Class I and 3% Class I or II resources by January 1, 2020, and 4% Class III resources by 2010 and thereafter. Previously, the RPS mandate was 10% of all retail electricity sales from renewable resources by 2010; The Climate Change Action Plan recommended that the RPS be extended to 2020, with a goal of 20% in that year. The governor's energy plan, released September 18, 2006, required 20% of all energy used in the State of Connecticut to come from clean and renewable resources by 2020. Electric-distribution companies that fail to comply with the RPS during an annual period must pay $0.055 per kilowatt-hour (kWh) to the DPUC; these payments will be allocated to the Connecticut Clean Energy Fund (CCEF) for the development of Class I renewables.
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/2007/ACT/PA/2007PA-00242-R00HB-07432-PA.htm
- http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=CT04R&state=CT&CurrentPageID=1&RE=1&EE=1
- http://www.ctclimatechange.com/documents/ElectirictyRAs45-53and55.pdf
Public Benefit Funds for Clean Energy Supply
Status: Completed
Details: A non-by-passable surcharge funds the Connecticut Renewable Energy Fund (CCEF); the charge increased to $0.001/kWh in 2004. The fund operates on a budget of $126.7 million annually ($29 million spent on renewable energy).
- http://www.ctinnovations.com/funding/ccef/about.php
- http://www.aceee.org/briefs/dec05_01.htm
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=5005&which_year=1998
Output-Based Environmental Regulations
Status: Completed
Details: Connecticut has promulgated an output-based regulation for NOx, particulate matter, CO, and CO2 from small distributed generators (< 15 MW capacity), including combined heat and power. The regulation is expressed in lb/MWh based on the Model Rule for distributed generation developed by the Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP 2002). The regulation values the efficiency of combined heat and power based on the emissions that are avoided by not having separate electric and thermal generation. Connecticut also allocates allowances based on energy output in their NOx trading program. (EPA's Guide to Action p. 210). Connecticut plans on allocating CAIR allowances to Phase I, Phase II, and combined heat and power units (with an efficiency of at least 60 percent) based on electrical output. Also, Connecticut has finalized its RGGI regulations, allocating allowances to the CHP set-aside account and early reduction account on an output-basis.
- http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2684&q=322184&depNav_GID=1619
- http://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/air/regulations/mainregs/sec22c.pdf
- http://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/air/climatechange/rggisec31042607.pdf
Interconnection Standards—Clean Distributed Generation
Status: Completed
Details: On December 5, 2007, the Connecticut Department of Public Utility Control (DPUC) issued a final decision (docket 03-01-15RE01) on interconnection standards for small generators less than 20 MW, as required by HB 7432: An Act Concerning Electricity and Energy Efficiency, signed by Governor M. Jodi Rell on June 4, 2007. On April 21, 2004, the DPUC adopted small generator interconnection protocols. The rule applies to all distributed generation up to 25MW, with simplified rules for small systems up to 10kW. Current standards only allow for the interconnection of systems up to 20MW.
- http://www.dpuc.state.ct.us/FINALDEC.NSF/0d1e102026cb64d98525644800691cfe/a6ac34c9193a8f99852573a8006f661b?OpenDocument
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/2007/ACT/PA/2007PA-00242-R00HB-07432-PA.htm
- http://www.irecusa.org/index.php?id=89
Interconnection Standards—Net Metering
Status: Completed
Details: Governor M. Jodi Rell signed HB 7432 - An Act Concerning Electricity and Energy Efficiency - on June 4, 2007, which expands net metering provisions to all customers with generation capacity up to 2MW. Statewide net metering for certain utility types. Connecticut's Department of Public Utility Control first established net metering in 1990 and has continued to update the rules in subsequent years. The rules allow systems up to 100kW for renewables and 50kW for fossil fuels; they apply to solar, landfill gas, wind, biomass, fuel cells, MSW, small hydro, tidal energy, wave energy, and ocean thermal systems.
- http://www.cga.ct.gov/2007/ACT/PA/2007PA-00242-R00HB-07432-PA.htm
- http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=CT01R&state=CT&CurrentPageID=1&RE=1&EE=0
- http://www.ct.gov/governorrell/lib/governorrell/ctenergyvisionsept19.pdf#search=%22net%20metering%20site%3Act.gov%2Fgovernorrell%2F%22