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# p #
INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
AND RESEARCH
v IN THE MIDATLANTIC REGION# x 2 P P#
Proceedings of a Workshop# XZ 2 P XP#
N # i 2 P
P# Y
College Park, Maryland
April 1012, 1996
Committee on Environment and Natural Resources
National Science and Technology Council
# [ \ P P# N ` hp x (# # x 2 P P# y
p d d MIDATL.TIF
y
# h \ P
P#
INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING AND RESEARCH
v IN THE MIDATLANTIC REGION
T Proceedings of a Workshop# XN \ P XP#
T N # [ \ P P# Y
College Park, Maryland
April 1012, 1996
Committee on Environment and Natural Resources
National Science and Technology Council
N T October, 1996
T Contents
# XN \ P XP# '! Executive SummaryZ!!G v
1.''
IntroductionZ!!G 1
2.''
Workshop Scope and StrategyZ!!G 3
3.''
Utility of the CENR Framework in the MidAtlantic RegionZ!!G 5
4.''
Reference Issues for the MidAtlantic RegionZ!!G 7
5.''
Opportunities and NeedsZ4!!F 11
''
The AtmosphereZ4!!F 11
''
Terrestrial EnvironmentsZ4!!F 13
''
Aquatic EnvironmentsZ4!!F 16
''
Coastal EnvironmentsZ4!!F 19
''
Regional SynthesisZ4!!F 23
6.''
Functional ImplementationZ4!!F 27
''
Integration and Coordination of Monitoring ProgramsZ4!!F 27
''
Integration of Research and MonitoringZ4!!F 29
''
Information and Data ManagementZ4!!F 31
''
Assessment and Information TransferZ4!!F 33
''
Regional Pilot ImplementationZ4!!F 35
7.''
ReferencesZ4!!F 39
Appendix 1. Workshop ParticipantsZ4!!F 41
Appendix 2. Chairs and Rapporteurs for Topical Breakout GroupsZ4!!F 45
Appendix 3. Explanation of Abbreviations and Acronyms Used Z4!!F 47
Appendix 4. Major Environmental Monitoring and Research Networks and ProgramsZ4!!F 49
# [ \ P P#
` hp x (# ' Executive Summary# XN \ P XP#
''
The Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (CENR) of the National Science and
Technology Council is developing a National Environmental Monitoring and Research Framework.
At the invitation of the President s Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) approximately
110 individuals, including representatives of state environment and natural resource agencies and
regional commissions, university scientists, representatives of nongovernmental organizations and
corporations, and federal agency program managers, met on April 1012, 1996 to determine whether
and how best to implement a Regional Pilot in the MidAtlantic area under this Framework.
Workshop participants were charged to identify: (1) the key resource management issues in the region
around which to integrate environmental monitoring and research; (2) monitoring and supporting
research needed to provide information relevant to resolving these issues; and (3) next steps for
implementing an integrated regional framework by using, modifying, and building on existing federal
and nonfederal programs.
''
For the purposes of the Regional Pilot, the MidAtlantic region includes the states of
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia (Federal Region III), the Delaware
Bay, Chesapeake Bay and AlbemarlePamlico Sound complex and their watersheds (which adds
portions of New York, New Jersey and North Carolina), and the coastal ocean extending to the edge
of the continental shelf. It is also recognized that the direct influence of atmospheric sources and
processes in this region extends to an even larger airshed which requires monitoring.
''
In general, participants representing organizations within the region strongly support the goal
of integrated environmental monitoring and research as articulated in the CENR National Framework.
Participants believe that significant value would be added by better integration of monitoring
programs and of monitoring and research within the region. This is particularly so because many of
the environmental problems faced in the MidAtlantic region involve interactions of atmospheric
changes, land use and cover, and aquatic and coastal habitats and resources.
''
Participants found that the National Framework can be improved by more attention to linkages
with the users of monitoring information, including: responsiveness to decisionmakers information
needs; interpretation of results; integration of environmental and resource data with social and
economic considerations in assessments; dissemination of information to decisionmakers and the
public; and anticipatory prediction. In addition, in order to effect integration of monitoring programs,
there is a need for driving hypotheses and models; more inclusion of monitoring of conditions that
directly affect human health and wellbeing; development of methods that link spacebased and sitebased measurements; and more aggressive inclusion of nonfederal participants than is reflected in
the working draft Framework. Finally, the integration between research and monitoring must
progress and address such difficult issues as quality control of research and monitoring performed
within all sectors, detectability of change, and the development of human resources needed for
effectively integrated monitoring and assessment over the long term.
''
Reference Issues were identified as representative of the kinds of environmental and natural
resource issues which are at present and for the foreseeable future, subject to protection, management
and restoration activities in the region. In the view of the regional participants, if the implementation of the MidAtlantic Regional Framework does not produce information which can improve the
effectiveness of protection and management activities which address these issues, it will not be
perceived as relevant, not produce incentives for adaptation of existing monitoring programs, and
ultimately not be embraced and sustained. The Reference Issues identified are Changes in Land Use
and Cover, Nutrient Overenrichment, Water Resources for Human Use, Atmospheric Condition and
Deposition, Stream and Wetland Habitat Protection and Restoration, Coastal Fisheries Resources,
and Environmental Quality and Human Health in Urban Areas.
''
Workshop participants identified important contributing elements for the Regional Pilot and key
gaps in breakout sessions organized by environmental media: the atmosphere and terrestrial, aquatic
and coastal environments. They then considered steps toward implementing the Regional Pilot with
respect to information and data management, integration of existing monitoring programs, integration
of research and monitoring, assessment, and organizational requirements. Implementation of the
MidAtlantic Pilot will require highlevel and longterm commitment and participation among federal
and state agencies through an Executive Committee and steadfast attention to execution by a Program
Coordination/Implementation Committee. In addition, an Executive Secretary and support office will
be required. However, to be successful the MidAtlantic Pilot must take advantage of ongoing
management and assessment activities which include monitoring or heavily use monitoring results,
such as the MidAtlantic Integrated Assessment, the Chesapeake Bay Program, the Ozone Transport
Commission, National Estuary Program, and the MidAtlantic Highlands Coordinating Council.
''
In discussion of the implementation of the MidAtlantic Pilot among all participants at the
conclusion of the Workshop, the central importance of additional assessment was stressed, both in
the sense of more indepth appraisal of what needs to be known to support wise environmental
management and in the sense of determining our ability to truly integrate existing regional programs.
It was the widely held view of Workshop participants that assessment, i.e. the marshalling of scientific
evidence to determine the nature and relationship of environmental problems and predict outcomes
of actions, be given primacy in the implementation of integrated monitoring within the region. One
of the key Workshop recommendations is that a core assessment be initiated immediately, prior to
major structural reorganizations or commitments which are difficult to reverse. This assessment
should include an inventory of environmental data and information currently available and provide
direction for the Regional Pilot and the National Frameworks on a regular basis in support of their
incremental implementation and result in a comprehensive assessment in approximately two years.
That assessment will provide longterm guidance for sustained integrated monitoring.
''
A key need in these assessments and for underpinning the integration of various programs is in
the area of scaling. It was the consensus of the Workshop that the Regional Pilot should address the
entire region, but it is clear that some subregions are being and will be monitored much more
intensively and at different time scales. Thus, our ability to extrapolate and interpolate information
across space and time scales will be critical to the success of regional monitoring"as it will be for
national monitoring.
''
Finally, it was pointed out that there are regional issues and existing assessment programs which
should serve as a strong foundation for regional monitoring in the MidAtlantic, such as the MidAtlantic Highlands Assessment and the Chesapeake Bay Program. These programs address the issues
of air quality, atmospheric sources, land use and cover, and water quality in an integrated way and thereby provide an inherent comparative advantage for the region.
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Monitoring of the environment is conducted for various resources"soil, water, air, plants and
animals"for a wide variety of purposes, on a broad range of scales, and by an extensive array of
organizations. The combined experience of scientists and resource managers has made it clear that
ecosystems are not simply composed of independent resources but that these resources interact on
a range of spatial and temporal scales. Yet, current environmental monitoring programs, while often
effective in tracking specific components of ecosystems are found by resource managers to be
inadequate and inefficient in providing critical information on how these different components interact
(NSTC, 1996). This has led to efforts to establish and implement a national environmental
monitoring strategy which, to this point, have been unsuccessful in providing the needed
comprehensiveness and integration. Ambitious national environmental programs such as the
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) have failed to integrate monitoring
across resources and take advantage of other existing national and regional monitoring activities. On
the other hand, efforts to coordinate existing programs have not yet succeeded in achieving
intercomparability, functionally integrating resources, or filling critical gaps.
''
Shortly after its formation in 1993, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
convened national experts outside of government to recommend priorities for federal environmental
science programs (NSTC, 1995a). That led to followup activities by the Council s Committee on
Environment and Natural Resources (CENR), including one to determine how to reach the national
goal for ecosystem science (NSTC, 1995b) to understand, predict and manage our ecological systems
for sustained use and enjoyment. It specifically recommended: a focused research and monitoring
program that improves the information base needed to conduct regional, national, and international
syntheses. To act on this recommendation, CENR convened a team of federal scientists and
program managers, the Environmental Monitoring Team, to develop a national framework for
integration and coordination of environmental monitoring and related research through collaboration
and building upon existing networks and programs. The Environmental Monitoring Team produced
a proposed Framework for integrating the Nation s major environmental monitoring and research
networks and programs to allow understanding, assessment, evaluation, and forecasting of the
Nation s renewable natural resources at national and regional scales (NSTC, 1996).
''
The guiding principles for the Framework require it to be driven by policy needs (effectively
addressing environmental issues of present and future concern), scientific understanding (based on
sound scientific and statistical methods), and interagency cooperation (involving appropriate federal,
state, tribal, private and international organizations). In addition it should be built using successful
keystone monitoring and research programs and must be costeffective, continuous, interoperable,
adaptive and accessible (NSTC, 1996). The CENR Framework envisions a hierarchical structure for
integrating monitoring that: (1) characterizes specific properties of large regions by continuous
measurement (e.g. remote sensing); (2) characterizes specific properties of large regions by sampling;
and (3) focuses on the properties and processes of specific locations.
''
As a critical step toward implementing the Framework as a National Integrated Environmental
Monitoring Program the CENR Environmental Monitoring Team recommended convening a workshop to develop an implementation plan for the Framework in a pilot region. It reasoned that
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