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EDRI Federal Project Inventory:
05526-09 Analytical Investigations of Selected Issues in Human Cancer
- Sponsor Organization: NIH/CP
- Project Title: 05526-09 ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SELECTED ISSUES IN HUMAN CANCER
- Project Focus: HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS
- Description: A variety of cancer sites and exposures have been explored, with many
investigations involving multidisciplinaryapproaches to understanding
biologic mechanisms. Etiologic research on breast cancer has been a
major emphasis, withstudies showing increased risks of in situ cancers
with hormone replacement therapy and of early onset disease with
oralcontraceptive usage. The role of endogenous hormones in the
etiology of breast and other female cancers continues tobe of major
interest, with methodologic studies having been undertaken in
preparation for full-scale analytic studies. Also explored with
respect to breast cancer have been effects of breastfeeding and
occupational exposures, and reasonsfor the geographic variation in
mortality in the U.S. Studies on the role of the human
papillomaviruses (HPV) haveshown that it is the major etiologic agent
for cervical cancer worldwide. Several large prospective studies are
assessingthe relationship of HPV presence and persistence to
subsequent disease risk. In preliminary data, newly
developedserologic tests appear to be useful predictors of female
genital disease risk. Also of interest with respect to female
healthare the long-term effects of in utero exposure to
diethylstilbestrol, silicone breast implants, and ovulation-
stimulatingdrugs, with three separate cohort studies underway to
assess a variety of disease outcomes. Environmental exposures
ofnotable interest include pesticides and water chlorination
byproducts, with one case-control study showing increasedrisks in
certain subgroups (notably smokers) of rectal and bladder cancers
associated with long-term consumption ofchlorinated surface water.
Further, the occurrence of cancer among twins and among several
occupationally exposedcohorts have been examined. Finally,
descriptive approaches have been utilized to derive clues as to future
directionsfor etiologic research, with investigations undertaken of
the risk of second malignancies following rare female genitalcancers,
of the seasonal variation in melanoma detection, and of time trends
in lymphoma.
- References:
- Category: METHODS
- Subcategory: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
- Keywords for Experimental System/Species: HUMAN, IN UTERO
- Keywords for Experimental Endpoints: FEMALE, HORMONE RECEPTORS, EXPOSURE MONITORING, CARCINOGENESIS
- Chemical Agents: PESTICIDES, DES, FERTILITY DRUGS
- Performing Institution: NCI INTRAMURAL PROGRAM
- Contact: CONTACT PERSON: ELAINE C. LEE; BUILDING 31; 11A21, NATIONAL CANCER
INSTITUTE, NIH,BETHESDA, MD 20892-2590; 301- 496-5515;
LEEE@OD.NCI.NIH.GOV
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