Table E1: Percentage of children living in countries which air quality standards were exceeded ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1990-2005,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Pollutant,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006
Ozone eight-hour standard,53%,58%,58%,56%,54%,62%,62%,60%,60%,60%,58%,41%,55%,53%
PM-10,7.3%,6.8%,12%,3.6%,6.0%,5.0%,11%,5.8%,5.9%,9.4%,7.6%,6.7%,6.1%,8.7%
PM-2.5,,,,,,,24%,29%,25%,21%,19%,16%,25%,13%
Carbon monoxide,6.4%,11.0%,8.3%,7.8%,5.8%,5.3%,5.7%,0.72%,0.71%,4.1%,1.0%,0.07%,0.18%,0.49%
Lead,2.1%,1.7%,1.7%,1.6%,1.7%,1.6%,0.69%,1.0%,1.0%,0.08%,0.010%,0.00%,0.070%,0.070%
Sulfur dioxide,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%
Nitrogen dioxide,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%
Any standard,55%,59%,60%,57%,55%,63%,65%,64%,63%,61%,60%,46%,60%,55%
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Addendum 1 to Table E1: Percentage of children living in counties in which air quality standards were exceeded, by race/ethnicity, 2006 ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,All Races/Ethnicities,White non-Hispanic,Black non-Hispanic,American Indian/Alaska Native non-Hispanic,Asian or Pacific Islander non-Hispanic,Hispanic,,,,,,,,
Ozone eight-hour standard,53%,44%,59%,34%,67%,69%,,,,,,,,
PM-10,8.7%,5.7%,7.7%,14%,8.5%,18%,,,,,,,,
PM-2.5,13%,7%,17%,4.4%,16%,25%,,,,,,,,
Carbon monoxide,0.49%,0.42%,0.82%,0.32%,0.47%,0.47%,,,,,,,,
Lead,0.070%,0.12%,0.010%,0.020%,0.010%,0.010%,,,,,,,,
Sulfur dioxide,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,,,,,,,,
Nitrogen dioxide,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,,,,,,,,
Any standard,55%,46%,62%,40%,68%,71%,,,,,,,,
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Addendum 2 to Table E1: Percentage of children living in counties in which air quality standards were exceeded, by family income, 2006",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,All Incomes,< Poverty Level,100-200% of Poverty Level ,> 200% of Poverty Level,>= Poverty Level,,,,,,,,,
Ozone eight-hour standard,53%,52%,50%,53%,53%,,,,,,,,,
PM-10,8.7%,11%,10%,7.7%,8.3%,,,,,,,,,
PM-2.5,13%,17%,14%,11%,12%,,,,,,,,,
Carbon monoxide,0.49%,0.59%,0.51%,0.46%,0.47%,,,,,,,,,
Lead,0.070%,0.040%,0.060%,0.090%,0.080%,,,,,,,,,
Sulfur dioxide,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,,,,,,,,,
Nitrogen dioxide,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,0.00%,,,,,,,,,
Any standard,55%,55%,53%,55%,55%,,,,,,,,,
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Table E2: Percentage of children’s days with good, moderate, or unhealthy air quality ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1993-2006,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Pollution Level,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006
Good,54%,54%,55%,57%,57%,56%,50%,48%,48%,50%,50%,53%,51%,54%
Moderate,12%,12%,11%,10%,10%,12%,18%,22%,22%,21%,21%,20%,22%,20%
Unhealthy,3.6%,3.6%,4.0%,2.9%,2.6%,3.2%,3.9%,3.4%,4.2%,4.7%,3.6%,2.6%,3.1%,2.6%
No Monitoring Data,30%,30%,30%,30%,30%,30%,28%,26%,26%,25%,25%,24%,24%,24%
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Addendum 1 to Table E2: Percentage of children’s days with good, moderate, or unhealthy air quality, by race/ethnicity, 2006 ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Pollution Level,All Races/Ethnicities,White non-Hispanic,Black non-Hispanic,American Indian/Alaska Native,Asian or Pacific Islander,Hispanic,,,,,,,,
Good,54%,52%,54%,46%,63%,55%,,,,,,,,
Moderate,20%,16%,24%,14%,25%,28%,,,,,,,,
Unhealthy,2.6%,1.6%,2.1%,2.0%,3.9%,5.4%,,,,,,,,
No Monitoring Data,24%,30%,20%,38%,8.2%,11%,,,,,,,,
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Addendum 2 to Table E2: Percentage of children’s days with good, moderate, or unhealthy air quality, by family income, 2006",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Pollution Level,All Incomes,< Poverty Level,100-200% of Poverty Level,> 200% of Poverty Level,>= Poverty Level,,,,,,,,,
Good,54%,51%,50%,55%,54%,,,,,,,,,
Moderate,20%,22%,20%,19%,20%,,,,,,,,,
Unhealthy,2.6%,3.2%,2.8%,2.3%,2.4%,,,,,,,,,
No Monitoring Data,24%,24%,27%,23%,2.4%,,,,,,,,,
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Table E3a: Long-term trends in annual average concentrations of criteria pollutants†,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1993-2006,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006
"PM-10, percent of annual standard",56%,56%,54%,52%,53%,52%,54%,53%,51%,51%,51%,48%,51%,51%
"PM-2.5, percent of annual standard",,,,,,,97%,92%,90%,87%,85%,82%,86%,78%
"Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard",42%,44%,42%,40%,38%,38%,39%,37%,36%,34%,34%,31%,31%,29%
"Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard",20%,19%,15%,15%,15%,15%,15%,13%,13%,12%,12%,12%,12%,9.3%
†The PM-10 annual standard was revoked in 2006.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Addendum 1 to Table E3a: Average concentrations of criteria pollutants, by race/ethnicity, 2006†",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,All Races/Ethnicities,White non-Hispanic,Black non-Hispanic,American Indian/Alaska Native,Asian or Pacific Islander,Hispanic,,,,,,,,
"PM-10, percent of annual standard",51%,48%,49%,51%,50%,57%,,,,,,,,
"PM-2.5, percent of annual standard",78%,76%,83%,68%,76%,79%,,,,,,,,
"Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard",29%,27%,29%,26%,32%,31%,,,,,,,,
"Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard",9.3%,10%,10%,7.9%,9.1%,7.1%,,,,,,,,
†The PM-10 annual standard was revoked in 2006.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Addendum 2 to Table E3a: Average concentrations of criteria pollutants, by family income, 2006†",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,All Incomes,< Poverty Level,100-200% of Poverty Level,> 200% of Poverty Level,>= Poverty Level,,,,,,,,,
"PM-10, percent of annual standard",51%,53%,52%,49%,50%,,,,,,,,,
"PM-2.5, percent of annual standard",78%,80%,79%,77%,78%,,,,,,,,,
"Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard",29%,30%,29%,28%,29%,,,,,,,,,
"Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard",9.3%,9.5%,8.9%,9.4%,9.3%,,,,,,,,,
†The PM-10 annual standard was revoked in 2006.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Table E3b: Number of children living in counties with high annual averages of criteria pollutants†,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1993-2006,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006
Pollutant,Number of children (thousands),,,,,,,,,,,,,
PM-10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,"3,943","1,659","3,905","2,186","2,356","1,396","2,048","1,763","1,829","1,944","1,938",758,"1,179","2,179"
Exceeding the long-term standard,34,474,91,57,792,35,684,"1,009",211,227,102,46,14,14
PM-2.5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,,,,,,,"30,935","36,008","34,150","32,446","31,496","27,734","33,384","25,121"
Exceeding the long-term standard,,,,,,,"18,312","19,680","16,984","12,631","10,911","7,307","14,977","2,534"
Nitrogen dioxide,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,0,272,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Exceeding the long-term standard,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Sulfur dioxide,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,0,0,45,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Exceeding the long-term standard,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
†Values for nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide are not included in the graph but are presented in the data table.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Aerometric Information Retrieval System ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Addendum 1 to Table E3b: Number of children living in counties with high annual averages of criteria pollutants, by race/ethnicity, 2006†",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,All Races/Ethnicities,White non-Hispanic,Black non-Hispanic,American Indian/Alaska Native,Asian or Pacific Islander,Hispanic,,,,,,,,
Pollutant,Number of children (thousands),,,,,,,,,,,,,
PM-10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,2179,850,117,33,69,1110,,,,,,,,
Exceeding the long-term standard,14,1.3,0.032,0.042,0.047,12,,,,,,,,
PM-2.5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,"25,121","11,763","5,713",95,"1,286","6,264",,,,,,,,
Exceeding the long-term standard,"2,534","1,037",594,11,113,779,,,,,,,,
Nitrogen dioxide,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,,,,
Exceeding the long-term standard,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,,,,
Sulfur dioxide,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,,,,
Exceeding the long-term standard,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,,,,
†Values for nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide are not included in the graph but are presented in the data table.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Addendum 2 to Table E3b: Number of children living in counties with high annual averages of criteria pollutants, by family income, 2006†",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,All Incomes,< Poverty Level,100-200% of Poverty Level,> 200% of Poverty Level,>= Poverty Level,,,,,,,,,
Pollutant,Number of children (thousands),,,,,,,,,,,,,
PM-10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,2179,445,545,1189,1734,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding the long-term standard,14,4.1,4.6,5,10,,,,,,,,,
PM-2.5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,"25,121","4,796","5,330","14,995","20,325",,,,,,,,,
Exceeding the long-term standard,"2,534",505,571,"1,458","2,029",,,,,,,,,
Nitrogen dioxide,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding the long-term standard,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,,,,,
Sulfur dioxide,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,,,,,
Exceeding the long-term standard,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,,,,,
†Values for nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide are not included in the graph but are presented in the data table.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Table E4: Percentage of children living in counties where estimated hazardous air pollutant concentrations were greater than health benchmarks in 1999,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Health Benchmark,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Cancer, one in 100,000",100%,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Cancer, one in 10,000",7.8%,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Other health effects,89%,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Air Toxics Assessment ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Table E5: Percentage of children ages 6 and under regularly exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in the home ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1994,1998,2003,,,,,,,,,,,,
27%,20%,11%,,,,,,,,,,,,
"DATA: 1994 and 1998: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey. 2003: U.S. EPA, Indoor Environments Division, National Survey on Environmental Management of Asthma and Children’s Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Table E6: Percentage of children served by community water systems that did not meet all applicable health-based drinking water standards ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1993-2006,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Type of standard violated,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006
Lead and copper†,2.8%,1.8%,2.1%,1.8%,1.9%,1.7%,1.6%,1.2%,1.1%,0.85%,0.61%,0.88%,0.82%,0.45%
Coliforms,8.6%,7.2%,4.1%,4.4%,3.6%,3.0%,3.2%,3.0%,2.2%,2.6%,2.9%,3.5%,3.2%,2.7%
Chemical and radionuclide,1.8%,1.3%,1.8%,1.1%,1.5%,1.7%,1.2%,1.5%,1.0%,2.0%,1.9%,2.2%,2.8%,2.4%
Nitrate/nitrite,0.25%,0.10%,0.23%,0.18%,0.32%,0.58%,0.24%,0.48%,0.14%,0.53%,0.29%,0.090%,0.10%,0.45%
Surface water treatment and filtration,8.0%,6.3%,4.8%,4.3%,4.1%,3.1%,2.7%,3.5%,1.7%,5.3%,1.8%,3.8%,4.2%,3.9%
Disinfection byproducts,,,,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,1.4%,2.8%,2.4%,2.6%,1.4%
All health-based violations,20%,15%,12%,11%,10%,8.8%,8.2%,8.8%,5.7%,11%,8.5%,11%,12%,9.7%
"† Lead and copper represents the lead and copper rule, which is a set of standards and implementation measures.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
NOTE: A new standard for disinfection byproducts was adopted in 2001 and implementation began in 2002. Revisions to the standard for surface water treatment also took effect in 2002. No other revisions to the standards have taken effect during the period of trend data (beginning with 1993). Percentages are estimated.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Safe Drinking Water Information System ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Table E7: Percentage of children living in areas served by community water systems with violations of drinking water monitoring and reporting requirements,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1993-2006,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Type of standard violated,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006
Lead and copper,7.5%,4.2%,3.4%,3.8%,4.3%,6.2%,6.2%,6.8%,5.8%,5.4%,5.3%,6.4%,7.1%,6.9%
Coliforms,2.2%,2.7%,2.3%,1.9%,1.8%,2.7%,1.8%,2.0%,2.6%,1.6%,1.9%,2.9%,2.2%,2.6%
Chemical and radionuclide,7.8%,6.0%,6.4%,4.8%,4.3%,6.4%,5.9%,5.0%,6.3%,8.9%,8.4%,8.2%,5.6%,5.8%
Surface water treatment and filtration,1.9%,1.2%,1.0%,0.68%,0.39%,0.60%,1.5%,0.81%,0.64%,4.1%,2.9%,3.1%,4.2%,2.5%
Disinfection byproducts,,,,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,1.9%,1.6%,5.2%,5.5%,3.9%
Any violation,18%,13%,12%,10%,10%,15%,14%,13%,14%,20%,17%,17%,19%,16%
NOTE: A new standard for disinfection byproducts was adopted in 2001 and implementation began in 2002. Revisions to the standard for surface water treatment also took effect in 2002. No other revisions to the standards have taken effect during the period of trend data (beginning with 1993). Percentages are estimated.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Safe Drinking Water Information System",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Table E8: Percentage of fruits, vegetables and grains, and other food and drink products with detectable residues of organophosphate pesticides",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,,
21%,24%,29%,29%,22%,24%,23%,19%,13%,12%,19%,15%,8.3%,,
"DATA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pesticide Data Program",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Table E9: Percentage of children residing within one mile of a Superfund site ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998,2000,2002,2004,2006,,,,,
All Superfund sites not yet cleaned up,1.2%,1.2%,1.3%,1.3%,1.3%,1.3%,1.3%,1.3%,1.8%,,,,,
All Superfund sites not yet cleaned up or controlled,1.2%,1.1%,1.1%,1.0%,1.0%,0.82%,0.79%,0.76%,0.94%,,,,,
"DATA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund NPL Assessment Program (SNAP) Database",,,,,,,,,,,,,,