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This page provides current data tables for all the measures in America’s Children and the Environment, including downloadable .csv files (a universal spreadsheet format, which can be opened by most spreadsheet programs).


Environmental Contaminants

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Note that numbers in the spreadsheet files may not exactly match numbers shown in the data tables due to rounding.

Table E1: Percentage of children living in counties in which air quality standards were exceeded
1993-1999

Pollutant

1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Ozone eight-hour standard
59%
63%
64%
64%
63%
65%
65%
PM-10
7.3%
6.8%
12%
3.6%
6.0%
5.0%
11%
PM-2.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
24%
Carbon monoxide
6.4%
11%
8.3%
7.8%
5.8%
5.3%
5.7%
Lead
2.1%
1.7%
1.8%
1.6%
1.7%
1.6%
0.69%
Sulfur dioxide
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Nitrogen dioxide
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Any standard
60%
64%
65%
65%
63%
66%
67%
2000-2007
Pollutant
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Ozone eight-hour standard
65%
66%
66%
68%
62%
66%
66%
64%
PM-10
5.8%
5.9%
9.4%
7.6%
6.7%
6.0%
8.5%
16%
PM-2.5
29%
25%
21%
19%
16%
24%
13%
16%
Carbon monoxide
0.72%
0.71%
4.1%
1.0%
0.070%
0.18%
0.49%
0.11%
Lead
1.0%
1.0%
0.075%
0.0095%
0.034%
0.074%
0.074%
0.47%
Sulfur dioxide
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Nitrogen dioxide
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Any standard
69%
69%
67%
70%
64%
70%
67%
66%
Addendum 1 to Table E1: Percentage of children living in counties in which air quality standards were exceeded, by race/ethnicity, 2007
All Races/
Ethnicities
White non-Hispanic
Black
non-Hispanic
American Indian/Alaska Native non-Hispanic
Asian or Pacific Islander non-Hispanic
Hispanic
Ozone eight-hour standard
64%
59%
70%
39%
71%
74%
PM-10
16%
9.2%
11%
15%
22%
36%
PM-2.5
16%
10%
22%
6.2%
19%
28%
Carbon monoxide
0.11%
0.14%
0.017%
0.25%
0.035%
0.096%
Lead
0.47%
0.45%
0.53%
0.15%
0.29%
0.52%
Sulfur dioxide
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0%
0.0%
Nitrogen dioxide
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0%
0.0%
Any standard
66%
60%
71%
42%
72%
78%
Addendum 2 to Table E1: Percentage of children living in counties in which air quality standards were exceeded, by family income, 2007
 
All Incomes
< Poverty Level
100-200% of Poverty Level
> 200% of Poverty Level
≥ Poverty Level
Ozone eight-hour standard
64%
63%
61%
66%
65%
PM-10
16%
20%
18%
14%
15%
PM-2.5
16%
21%
18%
14%
15%
Carbon monoxide
0.11%
0.085%
0.11%
0.11%
0.11%
Lead
0.47%
0.46%
0.47%
0.47%
0.47%
Sulfur dioxide
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Nitrogen dioxide
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Any standard
66%
65%
63%
67%
66%
Table E2: Percentage of children’s days with good, moderate, or unhealthy air quality
1998-2007
Pollution Level
1998
1999
 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Good

53%

48%

47%

47%

49%

50%

52%

50%

52%

51%

Moderate

12%

18%

21%

21%

19%

19%

19%

20%

20%

21%

Unhealthy

5.7%

6.3%

5.4%

6.0%

6.7%

5.1%

4.0%

5.1%

4.5%

4.6%

No Monitoring Data

30%

28%

27%

26%

25%

25%

25%

24%

24%

24%

Addendum 1 to Table E2: Percentage of children’s days with good, moderate, or unhealthy air quality, by race/ethnicity, 2007

Pollution Level

All Races/
Ethnicities
White non-Hispanic
Black non-Hispanic
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian or Pacific Islander
Hispanic
Good
51%
49%
52%
45%
61%
53%
Moderate
21%
18%
24%
16%
25%
28%
Unhealthy
4.6%
3.2%
4.2%
2.8%
6.1%
8.2%
No Monitoring Data
24%
30%
20%
36%
8.6%
11%
Addendum 2 to Table E2: Percentage of children’s days with good, moderate, or unhealthy air quality, by family income, 2007

Pollution Level

All Incomes
< Poverty Level
100-200% of Poverty Level
> 200% of Poverty Level
≥ Poverty Level
Good
51%
49%
48%
52%
51%
Moderate
21%
23%
21%
21%
21%
Unhealthy
4.6%
5.3%
4.8%
4.3%
4.4%
No Monitoring Data
24%
24%
26%
23%
24%
Table E3a: Long-term trends in annual average concentrations of criteria pollutants
1993-1997

1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
PM-10, percent of annual standard
56%
56%
54%
52%
53%
Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard
41%
44%
42%
40%
38%
Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard
19%
19%
15%
15%
15%
1998-2002

 

1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
PM-10, percent of annual standard
52%
54%
53%
51%
51%
PM-2.5, percent of annual standard
NA
97%
92%
90%
87%
Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard
38%
39%
37%
36%
34%
Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard
15%
15%
13%
13%
11%
2003-2007
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
PM-10, percent of annual standard*
51%
48%
51%
50%
52%
PM-2.5, percent of annual standard
84%
82%
86%
78%
80%
Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard
34%
31%
31%
29%
28%
Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard
12%
12%
12%
9.4%
9.0%

*Note: The PM-10 annual standard was revoked in 2006

Addendum 1 to Table E3a: Average concentrations of criteria pollutants, by race/ethnicity, 2007

All Races/
Ethnicities
White non-Hispanic
Black non-Hispanic
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian or Pacific Islander
Hispanic
PM-10, percent of annual standard*
52%
49%
50%
51%
50%
58%
PM-2.5, percent of annual standard
80%
79%
84%
70%
77%
81%
Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard
28%
26%
28%
26%
30%
30%
Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard
9.0%
9.7%
10%
6.9%
8.3%
7.2%

*Note: The PM-10 annual standard was revoked in 2006

Addendum 2 to Table E3a: Average concentrations of criteria pollutants, by family income, 2007
All Incomes
< Poverty Level
100-200% of Poverty Level
> 200% of Poverty Level
≥ Poverty Level
PM-10, percent of annual standard*
52%
54%
53%
51%
51%
PM-2.5, percent of annual standard
80%
82%
81%
80%
80%
Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard
28%
30%
29%
27%
28%
Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard
9.0%
9.3%
8.7%
9.0%
8.9%

*Note: The PM-10 annual standard was revoked in 2006

Table E3b: Number of children living in counties with high annual averages of criteria pollutants
1993-1995

 

1993
1994
1995
Pollutant

Number of children (thousands)
PM-10

Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
3,943
1,659
3,905
Exceeding the long-term standard
34
474
91
Nitrogen dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
265
272
0
Exceeding the long-term standard
0
0
0
Sulfur dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
0
0
45
Exceeding the long-term standard
0
0
5
1996-2001

 

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Pollutant
Number of children (thousands)

PM-10
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
2,186
2,356
1,396
2,048
1,764
1,830
Exceeding the long-term standard
57
792
35
684
1,009
211
PM-2.5
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
NA
NA
NA
30,935
36,017
33,908
Exceeding the long-term standard
NA
NA
NA
18,827
19,683
16,972
Nitrogen dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0
Exceeding the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sulfur dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0
Exceeding the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0
2002-2007
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Pollutant

Number of children (thousands)
PM-10*

Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
1,943
1,936
761
1,181
2,245
2,259
Exceeding the long-term standard
225
100
45
13
13
720
PM-2.5
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
32,406
31,429
27,640
33,271
25,012
27,235
Exceeding the long-term standard
12,601
10,868
7,268
14,899
2,530
5,282
Nitrogen dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0
Exceeding the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sulfur dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0
Exceeding the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0

*Note: The PM-10 annual standard was revoked in 2006

Addendum 1 to Table E3b: Number of children living in counties with high annual averages of criteria pollutants, by race/ethnicity, 2007
All Races/
Ethnicities
White non-Hispanic
Black non-Hispanic
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian or Pacific Islander
Hispanic
Pollutant
Number of children (thousands)
PM-10*
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
2,259
859
126
35
73
1165
Exceeding the long-term standard
720
225
46
10
28
412
PM-2.5
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
27,235
13,061
5,828
128
1,412
6,806
Exceeding the long-term standard
5,282
2,550
1,065
23
185
1,460
Nitrogen dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0
Exceeding the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sulfur dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0
Exceeding the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
0

*Note: The PM-10 annual standard was revoked in 2006
Addendum 2 to Table E3b: Number of children living in counties with high annual averages of criteria pollutants, by family income, 2007
All Incomes
< Poverty Level
100-200% of Poverty Level
> 200% of Poverty Level
≥ Poverty Level
Pollutant
Number of children (thousands)
PM-10*
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
2,259
456
566
1,237
1,803
Exceeding the long-term standard
720
149
186
386
572
PM-2.5
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
27,235
4,948
5,665
16,622
22,287
Exceeding the long-term standard
5,282
1,034
1,200
3,048
4,247
Nitrogen dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
Exceeding the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
Sulfur dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0
Exceeding the long-term standard
0
0
0
0
0

*Note: The PM-10 annual standard was revoked in 2006

Table E4: Percentage of children living in counties where estimated hazardous air pollutant concentrations were greater than health benchmarks in 1999
Health Benchmark
 
Cancer, one in 100,000
100%
Cancer, one in 10,000
7.8%
Other health effects
89%
Table E5: Percentage of children ages 6 and under regularly exposed to secondhand smoke in the home
1994
1998
2003
27%
20%
11%
Table E6: Percentage of children served by community water systems that did not meet all applicable health-based drinking water standards
1993-1997
Type of standard violated
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Lead and copper†
2.8%
1.7%
2.0%
1.8%
1.9%
Coliforms
8.6%
7.3%
4.2%
4.4%
3.7%
Chemical and radionuclide
1.8%
1.3%
1.8%
1.2%
1.6%
Nitrate/nitrite
0.28%
0.10%
0.23%
0.24%
0.37%
Surface water treatment and filtration
7.9%
6.0%
4.4%
4.0%
3.6%
All health-based violations
20%
15%
11%
10%
10%
1998-2002
Type of standard violated
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Lead and copper†
1.6%
1.5%
1.2%
1.1%
0.85%
Coliforms
3.1%
3.2%
3.0%
2.1%
2.6%
Chemical and radionuclide
1.7%
1.2%
1.5%
1.0%
2.1%
Nitrate/nitrite
0.63%
0.28%
0.53%
0.19%
0.54%
Surface water treatment and filtration
2.9%
2.5%
3.2%
1.2%
5.0%
Disinfection byproducts
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.4%
All health-based violations
8.6%
8.0%
8.5%
5.3%
11%
2003-2007
Type of standard violated
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Lead and copper†
0.62%
0.87%
0.82%
0.46%
0.44%
Coliforms
3.0%
3.5%
3.3%
2.7%
2.4%
Chemical and radionuclide
2.0%
2.2%
2.8%
2.6%
2.2%
Nitrate/nitrite
0.28%
0.085%
0.11%
0.46%
0.13%
Surface water treatment and filtration
1.4%
3.3%
3.8%
3.5%
2.5%
Disinfection byproducts
2.9%
2.0%
2.6%
1.5%
1.5%
All health-based violations
8.3%
10%
11%
9.5%
7.8%

† Lead and copper represents the lead and copper rule, which is a set of standards and implementation measures.

Table E7: Percentage of children living in areas served by community water systems with violations of drinking water monitoring and reporting requirements
1993-1997
Type of standard violated
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Lead and copper
6.9%
3.9%
3.0%
3.3%
3.9%
Coliforms
2.2%
2.8%
2.3%
1.9%
1.8%
Chemical and radionuclide
7.8%
6.0%
6.4%
4.8%
4.4%
Surface water treatment and filtration
1.9%
1.2%
1.0%
0.65%
0.39%
Any violation
17%
12%
11%
9.8%
9.5%
1998-2002
Type of standard violated
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Lead and copper
5.9%
5.9%
6.5%
5.5%
5.1%
Coliforms
2.7%
1.9%
2.0%
2.6%
1.5%
Chemical and radionuclide
6.3%
5.8%
4.9%
6.4%
8.6%
Surface water treatment and filtration
0.58%
1.5%
0.73%
0.60%
3.8%
Disinfection byproducts
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.8%
Any violation
14%
14%
13%
14%
19%
2003-2007
Type of standard violated
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Lead and copper
5.2%
5.9%
6.6%
6.5%
6.4%
Coliforms
1.9%
2.8%
2.2%
2.6%
1.4%
Chemical and radionuclide
8.3%
7.9%
6.9%
7.8%
7.1%
Surface water treatment and filtration
2.7%
2.9%
3.8%
3.6%
2.1%
Disinfection byproducts
1.7%
5.1%
5.5%
4.0%
4.6%
Any violation
16%
16%
19%
17%
16%
Table E8: Percentage of fruits, vegetables and grains, and other food and drink products with detectable residues of organophosphate pesticides
1994-2001
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
21%
24%
29%
29%
22%
24%
23%
19%

2002-2007
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
13%
12%
19%
15%
8.3%
19%
Table E9: Percentage of children residing within one mile of a Superfund site
 
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
All Superfund sites not yet cleaned up
1.2%
1.2%
1.3%
1.3%
1.4%
1.3%
1.3%
1.3%
1.8%
2.0%
All Superfund sites not yet cleaned up or controlled
1.2%
1.1%
1.1%
1.0%
1.0%
0.82%
0.79%
0.76%
0.94%
1.1%

 

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Body Burdens

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Note that numbers in the spreadsheet files may not exactly match numbers shown in the data tables due to rounding.

Table B1: Concentrations of lead in blood of children ages 5 and under
  Blood lead concentrations (µg/dL)
  1976- 1980 1988- 1991 1992- 1994 1999- 2000 2001- 2002 2003- 2004 2005-2006
50th percentile
15 3.5 2.6 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.4
90th percentile
25 9.4 7.1 4.9 4.2 3.9 3.0
Table B2. Median concentrations of lead in blood of children ages 1-5, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2003-2006
  Blood lead concentrations (µg/dL)
Race / Ethnicity
All
Incomes
< Poverty
Level
100-200% of Poverty
Level
> 200% of Poverty
Level
≥ Poverty
Level
Unknown
Income
All Races/
Ethnicities

1.6

2.0

1.6

1.3

1.4

1.8

White Non-
Hispanic

1.4

1.8

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.5

Black Non-
Hispanic

2.3

2.6

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.7

Mexican-
American

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.1

1.4

1.6

Other†

1.7

2.0

1.6

1.1

1.3

2.0

† "Other" includes Non-Hispanic Asian; Non-Hispanic Native American; Hispanic other than Mexican-American; those reporting multi-racial; and those with a missing value for race/ethnicity.

Addendum 1 to Table B2. 90th Percentile concentrations of lead in blood of children ages 1-5, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2003-2006
  Blood lead concentrations (µg/dL)
Race / Ethnicity
All Incomes < Poverty Level 100-200% of Poverty Level > 200% of Poverty Level ≥ Poverty Level Unknown Income
All Races/Ethnicities
3.5 4.6 3.6 2.7 2.9 4.0
White Non-Hispanic
2.8 4.0 3.5 2.5 2.7 NA**
Black Non-Hispanic
5.5 6.9 4.4 3.9 4.3 16
Mexican-American
3.2 3.8 3.3 2.6 2.9 3.2
Other†
3.9 4.8 3.6 2.2 2.8 NA**

† "Other" includes Non-Hispanic Asian; Non-Hispanic Native American; Hispanic other than Mexican-American; those reporting multi-racial; and those with a missing value for race/ethnicity.

** Estimates are considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent).

Table B3: Distribution of concentrations of lead in blood of children ages 1-5, 2003-2006
Blood lead concentrations (µg/dL)
< 1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 > 7
20%
46%
19%
7.1%
3.2%
1.3%
0.85%
2.0%
Table B4: Distribution of concentrations of mercury in blood of women of child-bearing age (16-49), 2003-2006
Blood mercury concentrations (parts per billion)
< 1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 > 7
55%
26%
8.2%
4.3%
2.5%
1.4%
0.99%
1.6%
Addendum 1 to Table B4. Median concentrations of mercury in blood (ppb) of women of child-bearing age (16-49), by race/ethnicity and family income, 2003-2006
  Median blood mercury concentrations (parts per billion )
Race / Ethnicity
All Incomes < Poverty Level 100-200% of Poverty Level > 200% of Poverty Level ≥ Poverty Level Unknown Income
All Races/Ethnicities
0.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.7
White Non-Hispanic
0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7
Black Non-Hispanic
1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.6
Mexican-American
0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7
Other†
1.3 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.4 NA**

† "Other" includes Non-Hispanic Asian; Non-Hispanic Native American; Hispanic other than Mexican-American; those reporting multi-racial; and those with a missing value for race/ethnicity.

** Estimate is considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent)

Addendum 2 to Table B4. 90th percentile concentrations of mercury in blood (ppb) of women of child-bearing age (16-49), by race/ethnicity and family income, 2003-2006
  90th percentile blood mercury concentrations (parts per billion )
Race / Ethnicity
All Incomes < Poverty Level 100-200% of Poverty Level > 200% of Poverty Level ≥ Poverty Level Unknown Income
All Races/Ethnicities
3.1 2.0 2.7 3.4 3.2 2.6
White Non-Hispanic
3.1 1.7 2.3 3.5 3.3 2.2
Black Non-Hispanic
2.8 2.0 2.8 3.4 3.2 NA**
Mexican-American
1.8 1.5 1.8 2.2 1.9 2.2
Other†
4.2 3.8* 4.7 4.2 4.2 NA**

† "Other" includes Non-Hispanic Asian; Non-Hispanic Native American; Hispanic other than Mexican-American; those reporting multi-racial; and those with a missing value for race/ethnicity.

* Estimate is unstable (relative standard error is greater than 30 percent and less than 40 percent).

** Estimate is considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent).

Table B5: Concentrations of cotinine in blood of children
  Serum cotinine concentrations (ng/mL)
  1988-1991 1999-2000 2001-2002

2003-2004

2005-2006

90th percentile
2.2 1.8 1.9

1.8

1.2

50th percentile
0.25 0.11 0.059

0.096

0.047

Addendum 1 to Table B5. Median concentrations of cotinine in blood of children ages 3 to 17, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2003-2006
  Median serum cotinine concentrations (ng/mL)
Race / Ethnicity
All Incomes < Poverty Level 100-200% of Poverty Level > 200% of Poverty Level ≥ Poverty Level Unknown Income
All Races/Ethnicities

0.065

0.24

0.12

0.038

0.052

0.075*

White Non-Hispanic

0.069

0.61

NA**

0.042

0.055

0.087*

Black Non-Hispanic

0.22

0.51

0.21

0.057

0.10

0.15

Mexican-American

0.030

0.039

0.027

0.023

0.025

0.023

Other†

0.046

NA**

NA**

0.030

0.039

NA**

† "Other" includes Non-Hispanic Asian; Non-Hispanic Native American; Hispanic other than Mexican-American; those reporting multi-racial; and those with a missing value for race/ethnicity.

* Estimates are unstable (relative standard error is greater than 30 percent and less than 40 percent).

** Estimates are considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent).

Addendum 2 to Table B5. 90th percentile concentrations of cotinine in blood of children ages 3 to 17, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2003-2006
  90th percentile serum cotinine concentrations (ng/mL)
Race / Ethnicity
All Incomes < Poverty Level 100-200% of Poverty Level > 200% of Poverty Level ≥ Poverty Level Unknown Income
All Races/Ethnicities

1.6

2.8

2.1

0.76

1.2

NA**

White Non-Hispanic

1.8

4.2

2.7

0.88

1.3

NA**

Black Non-Hispanic

2.1

2.7

1.9

0.97

1.4

2.6

Mexican-American

0.35

0.49

0.27*

0.29

0.28

NA**

Other†

1.3

3.2

1.1

NA**

0.61*

NA**

† "Other" includes Non-Hispanic Asian; Non-Hispanic Native American; Hispanic other than Mexican-American; those reporting multi-racial; and those with a missing value for race/ethnicity.

* Estimates are unstable (relative standard error is greater than 30 percent and less than 40 percent).

** Estimates are considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent).

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Childhood Illnesses

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Note that numbers in the spreadsheet files may not exactly match numbers shown in the data tables due to rounding.

Table D1: Percentage of children with asthma
Table D1: Percentage of children with asthma

  1980-1985

 

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

Percentage of children with asthma in the past 12 months

3.6%

3.7%

4.1%

4.5%

4.3%

4.8%

  1986-1991

 

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

Percentage of children with asthma in the past 12 months

5.1%

5.3%

5.0%

6.1%

5.8%

6.4%

  1992-1996

 

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

Percentage of children with asthma in the past 12 months

6.3%

7.2%

6.9%

7.5%

6.2%

  1997-2000

 

1997

1998

1999

2000

Children ever diagnosed with asthma and having an asthma attack in the past 12 months

5.5%

5.3%

5.3%

5.5%

Children ever diagnosed with asthma

11% 

12%

11%

12%

  2001-2007

 

2001

 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Children ever diagnosed with asthma and having an asthma attack in the past 12 months

5.7%
5.8%
5.5%
5.5%
5.2%
5.6%
5.2%

Children ever diagnosed with asthma

13%
12%
12%
12%
13%
13%
13%

Children currently with asthma‡

8.7%
8.3%
8.5%
8.5%
8.9%
9.3%
9.1%

† Note: The survey questions for asthma changed in 1997; data before 1997 cannot be directly compared to data in 1997 and later.
‡ This survey question was first asked in 2001.

Table D2a: Percentage of children reported to have ever been diagnosed with asthma and having an asthma attack in the past 12 months, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2004 -2007
Race / Ethnicity All Incomes < Poverty Level 100-199% of Poverty Level ≥ 200% of Poverty Level ≥ Poverty Level

All Races/Ethnicities

5.4

6.5

5.6

4.9

5.1

White Non-Hispanic

4.9

5.5

5.8

4.6

4.9

Black or African-American, Non-Hispanic

7.5

9.0

6.4

6.9

6.7

Asian Non-Hispanic

3.6

NA**

NA**

4.1

3.9

Hispanic

5.1

5.9

4.5

5.0

4.7

Other†

6.6

6.3

9.8

5.2

6.6

† "Other" includes non-Hispanic respondents reporting multiple races or reporting a single race that is neither White, Black, African-American, or Asian.

** Estimate is considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent).


Table D2b: Percentage of children reported to have current asthma, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2004-2007
Race / Ethnicity All Incomes < Poverty Level 100-199% of Poverty Level ≥ 200% of Poverty Level ≥ Poverty Level

All Races/Ethnicities

9.0

11

9.3

8.2

8.5

White Non-Hispanic

8.0

9.4

9.0

7.6

7.8

Black or African-American, Non-Hispanic

13

15

12

13

12

Asian Non-Hispanic

5.8

NA**

4.8*

6.5

6.1

Hispanic

8.5

9.1

7.7

8.5

8.2

Other†

12

16

14

10

11

† "Other" includes non-Hispanic respondents reporting multiple races or reporting a single race that is neither White, Black, African-American, or Asian.

* Estimate is unstable (relative standard error is greater than 30 percent and less than 40 percent).

** Estimate is considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent).


Table D3: Children's emergency room visits for asthma and other respiratory causes
1992-1997

 

Rate per 10,000 children

 

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

All asthma and other respiratory causes

369 407 392 357 356 375

Acute upper respiratory infections

222 249 247 227 206 214

Asthma

98 107 105 93 114 112

Acute bronchitis

50 51 41 37 36 49
1998-2006

 

Rate per 10,000 children

 

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

All asthma and other respiratory causes

389
379
399
379
405
434
329
416
346

Acute upper respiratory infections

219
239
245
234
252
282
183
266
228

Asthma

124
105
101
92
100
96
103
103
81

Acute bronchitis

46
35
53
53
53
56
43
48
37

Addendum to Table D3: Children's emergency room visits for asthma and other respiratory causes, by race/ethnicity, 2004-2006

 

Rate per 10,000 children

 

2004

2005

2006

2004-2006

All

329

416

346

364

White, non-Hispanic

229

273

247

250

Black, non-Hispanic

697

899

729

775

American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic

NA**

NA**

NA**

NA**

Asian and Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic

212

283*

261

252

Hispanic

423

562

394

460

* Estimate is unstable (relative standard error is greater than 30 percent and less than 40 percent).

** Estimate is considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent or sample size is less than or equal to 29).


Table D4: Children's hospital admissions for asthma and other respiratory causes
1980-1985

 

Rate per 10,000 children

 

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

All asthma and other respiratory causes

55

56

55

61

50

57

Acute upper respiratory infections

18

18

13

19

11

14

Acute bronchitis

16

16

17

18

14

17

Asthma

21

22

26

24

26

25

1986-1991
  Rate per 10,000 children

 

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

All asthma and other respiratory causes

50

52

53

59

55

63

Acute upper respiratory infections

10

13

10

12

8.3

11

Acute bronchitis

13

14

15

19

18

21

Asthma

27

25

29

28

28

31

1992-1997
  Rate per 10,000 children

 

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

All asthma and other respiratory causes

61

56

54

66

57

67

Acute upper respiratory infections

7.2

9.0

7.1

8.2

5.8

7.6

Acute bronchitis

23

22

20

25

21

27

Asthma

31

26

27

33

30

32

1998-2006
  Rate per 10,000 children

 

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005 

2006

All asthma and other respiratory causes

49

65

63

61

61

62

59

50 

46

Acute upper respiratory infections

5.8

8.2

6.0

6.7

5.7

7.2

5.0

5.9 

4.0

Acute bronchitis

19

28

28

29

29

24

27

21 

21

Asthma

24

28

30

26

27

31

27

22 

21


Addendum to Table D4: Children's hospital admissions for asthma and other respiratory causes, by race, 2004-2006

 

Rate per 10,000 children

 

2004

2005

2006

2004-2006

All

59

50

46

52

White

53

48

44

48

Black

88

66

68

74

American Indian/Alaska Native

NA**

NA**

NA**

28

Asian and Pacific Islander

30

NA**

NA**

21

† Estimates for ethnicity not available. Race categories include children of Hispanic ethnicity.

** Estimate is considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent or sample size is less than or equal to 29).


Table D5: Cancer incidence and mortality for children under 20
1975-1980

 

Rate per million children

 

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

Incidence

129

142

142

145

147

143

Mortality

51

51

50

46

46

46

1981-1986

 

Rate per million children

 

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

Incidence

140

146

146

156

159

159

Mortality

44

45

43

39

38

38

1987-1992

 

Rate per million children

 

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

Incidence

154

151

166

156

164

160

Mortality

37

36

35

34

34

33

1993-1998

 

Rate per million children

 

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Incidence

161

155

157

161

156

163

Mortality

33

31

30

29

29

27

1999-2005

 

Rate per million children

 

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005 

Incidence

156

168

169

172

156

 162

172 

Mortality

28

28

28

28

27

27

27 



Addendum 1 to Table D5: Cancer incidence for children 0-19 by race/ethnicity and gender, 2001-2005

 

Rate per million children

 

Male

Female

All

All Races/Ethnicities

178

156

167

White, non-Hispanic

194

169

182

Black, non-Hispanic

125

120

123

American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic

133

116

124

Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic

144

127

138

Hispanic

174

149

162


Addendum 2 to Table D5. Cancer mortality for children 0-19 by race/ethnicity and gender, 2001-2005.

 

Rate per million children

 

Male

Female

All

All Races/Ethnicities

30

24

27

White, non-Hispanic

30

24

27

Black, non-Hispanic

31

24

28

American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic

30

14

22

Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic

28

20

24

Hispanic

33

26

30


Table D6: Cancer incidence for children under 20 by type

 

Rate per million children

 

1976-1980

1981-1985

1986-1990

1991-1995

1996-2000

2001-2005

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

25

28

29

27

30

31

Acute myeloid leukemia

5.5

5.3

5.2

6.6

7.1

7.4

Central nervous system tumors

24

23

30

29

28

29

Hodgkin's lymphoma

14

14

14

13

13

11

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

6.0

6.7

7.7

7.6

7.6

9.1

Burkitt's lymphoma

1.6

2.5

1.7

2.3

2.5

2.3

Thyroid carcinoma

4.9

5.3

5.1

5.3

5.8

6.1

Malignant melanoma

4.6

3.7

5.3

5.0

5.1

6.6

Other and unspecified carcinomas†

3.9

3.4

3.3

3.8

3.8

3.7

Germ cell tumors

8.7

9.9

9.8

12

10

12

Soft tissue sarcomas

11

11

12

11

13

13

Osteosarcoma

4.0

4.9

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.7

Ewing's sarcoma

2.8

3.6

2.7

3.2

2.7

2.9

Neuroblastoma

7.6

7.8

7.4

8.3

7.8

8.8

Wilms' tumor

6.2

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.7

5.6

Hepatoblastoma

0.73

1.2

1.0

1.2

1.8

1.6

† "Other and unspecified carcinomas" is a subset of the ICCC group "XI Carcinomas and other malignant epithelial neoplasms."


Addendum to Table D6: Cancer incidence rates per million children for malignant cancers by age and type, 2001-2005

 

Rate per million children

 

Ages
0-4

Ages
5-9

Ages
10-14

Ages
15-19

Ages
0-19

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

62

29

19

15

31

Acute myeloid leukemia

9.7

4.3

6.1

9.7

7.4

Central nervous system tumors

40

32

26

20

29

Hodgkin's lymphoma

NA**

3.9

9.4

28

11

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

4.1

6.5

11

15

9.1

Burkitt's lymphoma

0.84*

3.4

2.5

2.5

2.3

Thyroid carcinoma

NA**

NA**

5.7

18

6.1

Malignant melanoma

NA**

1.8

4.6

19

6.6

Other and unspecified carcinomas†

NA**

NA**

3.1

11

3.7

Germ cell tumors

7.8

1.5

7.5

30

12

Soft-tissue sarcomas

12

6.9

13

19

13

Osteosarcoma

NA**

2.4

7.2

8.8

4.7

Ewing's sarcoma

NA**

2.1

3.4

5.4

2.9

Neuroblastoma

31

3.7

1.2

NA**

8.8

Wilms' tumor

17

5.0

NA**

NA**

5.6

Hepatoblastoma

5.8

NA**

NA**

NA**

1.6

† "Other and unspecified carcinomas" is a subset of the ICCC group "XI Carcinomas and other malignant epithelial neoplasms."

* Estimate is unstable because it is based on a small number of persons (relative standard error is greater than 30 percent and less than 40 percent).

** Estimate is considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent).


Table D7: Children reported to have mental retardation by race/ethnicity and family income, 2004-2007
Cases per 1,000 children
Race /
Ethnicity
All
Incomes
<
Poverty
Level
100-
199% of
Poverty
Level

200% of
Poverty
Level

Poverty
Level

All Races/
Ethnicities

6.6

10

7.2

5.1

5.7

White Non-Hispanic

5.7

9.4*

7.7

4.6

5.2

Black or African-
American, Non-
Hispanic

10

11

12

NA**

9.6

Asian Non-
Hispanic

4.9*

NA**

NA**

NA**

NA**

Hispanic

7.0

11

4.3

5.5

5.0

Other†

7.2*

NA**

NA**

NA**

NA**

† "Other" includes non-Hispanic respondents reporting multiple races or reporting a single race that is neither White, Black, African-American, or Asian.

* Estimate is unstable (relative standard error is greater than 30 percent and less than 40 percent).

** Estimate is considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent).

 

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Special Features

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Note that numbers in the spreadsheet files may not exactly match numbers shown in the data tables due to rounding.

Table S1: Percentage of California public elementary schools with lead paint and some deterioration of paint, 1994-1997
 
Schools Built Before 1940
Schools Built 1940-1959
Schools Built 1960-1979
Schools Built 1980-1995
All Schools
Any detectable lead
72.2%
46.3%
20.5%
3.1%
37.4%
≥ 600 ppm
72.2%
46.3%
18.2%
3.1%
36.9%
≥ 5,000 ppm
63.9%
41.8%
13.6%
0%
31.8%
Table S2: Percentage of California public elementary schools with lead in drinking water, 1994-1997
 
Schools Built Before 1940
Schools Built 1940-1979
Schools Built 1980-1995
All Schools
Schools with detectable lead in soil
100.0%
94.4%
60.5%
89.0%
Schools with soil lead > 400 ppm
29.7%
2.4%
0.0%
7.0%
Table S3: Percentage of California public elementary schools with lead in drinking water, 1994-1997
 
Schools Built Before 1940
Schools Built 1940-1979
Schools Built 1980-1995
All Schools
Schools with detectable lead in drinking water
68.6%
52.4%
42.1%
53.3%
Schools with > 15ppb lead in drinking water
31.4%
16.1%
13.2%
18.3%
Schools with > 15 ppb lead in drinking water at first draw*
     
15.5%
Schools with > 15 ppb lead in drinking water at second draw*
     
6.5%

* Data for first- and second-draw samples are available for all schools only.

Table S4: Frequency of application of pesticides in Minnesota K-12 schools, 1999
 
Percentage of schools
 
Cafeteria and kitchen food storage areas
Locker rooms and gymnasium
Classrooms
Sprayed as needed
34.0%
33.5%
46.7%
Sprayed once a month
16.4%
3.7%
2.7%
Sprayed 1-4 times per year
24.0%
15.3%
12.5%
Not sprayed
16.9%
28.8%
25.6%
No answer / other / don't know
8.7%
18.7%
12.5%
Table S5: Number of birth defects in California per 1,000 live births and fetal deaths
 
1991-1993
1994-1996
1997-1999
Heart defects
1.80
1.98
1.79
Oral cleft defects
1.60
1.67
1.50
Down Syndrome
1.34
1.28
1.28
Intestinal defects
0.73
0.73
0.56
Limb defects
0.46
0.46
0.36

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Emerging Issues

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Note that numbers in the spreadsheet files may not exactly match numbers shown in the data tables due to rounding.

Table EI1: Number of states with advisories for methylmercury in non-commercial fish

 
1995
2000
2004
2006
Freshwater advisories
32
37
44
48
Coastal and estuarine advisories
7
13
13
13
Statewide advisories
5
12
21
23

Table EI2: Percentage of children ages 5-17 reported to have been diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Disorder or Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2004-2007

 
All Incomes
< Poverty Level
100-199% of Poverty Level
≥ 200% of Poverty Level
Unknown Income
All races/ethnicities
8.1
9.3
8.9
7.4
7.8
White non-Hispanic
9.2
12
12
8.2
8.9
Black or African-American, non-Hispanic
8.2
10
9.0
6.0
7.2
Asian, non-Hispanic
2.0
NA**
NA**
2.5
2.1
Hispanic
4.9
5.5
4.1
5.1
4.7
Other †
11
15
13
8.8
10

† "Other" includes non-Hispanic respondents reporting multiple races or reporting a single race that is neither white, black, African-American, or Asian.

* Estimate is unstable (relative standard error is greater than 30 percent and less than 40 percent).

** Estimate is considered unreliable (relative standard error is greater than 40 percent).

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