Highway Applications

Coal Combustion
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The two types of coal combustion products used most often in highway construction are fly ash and bottom ash. Fly ash is used as a replacement for Portland cement in concrete and grout, as a fill material in embankments, as aggregate for highway subgrades and road base, and in flowable fill. Bottom ash is used as aggregate in concrete and in cold mixed asphalt, and as a structural fill for embankments and cement-stabilized bases for highway construction.

Using Coal Ash in Highway Construction: A Guide to Benefits and Impacts (PDF) (50 pp, 2.4MB) contains more information on the use of coal combustion products in highway applications.
Fly Ash Facts for Highway Engineers (PDF) (81 pp, 6.1MB)
provides basic information about the uses of fly ash from the Federal Highway Administration.

You will need Adobe Reader to view some of the files on this page. See EPA's PDF page to learn more.

Assessing Groundwater Impacts from Coal Combustion Products Used In Highways (PDF) (111 pp, 1.7MB) describes a computer application that was developed to assess impacts to groundwater caused by leaching of trace elements from CCPs used in highway construction.
Metals Leaching from Highway Test Sections Constructed with Industrial Byproducts (PDF) (72 pp, 1.7MB) describes the results from a study assessing metals leaching from industrial byproducts used in highway construction.
Recycled Materials in European Highway Environments: Uses, Technologies, and Polices (PDF) (134 pp, 1.8MB) is an FHWA sponsored document that reports on innovative policies, programs, and techniques that promote the use of recycled materials in the highway environment.
CIRCA Fact Sheets
A set of fact sheets produced by the Association of Canadian Industries Recycling Coal Ash (CIRCA) that provide technical information on CCP use in specific applications.

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