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Livingston County, Kentucky
Note: This information is provided for reference purposes only.
Although the information provided here was accurate and current
when first created, it is now outdated.
Pesticide Table | About Freshwater Mollusks
US Map | Kentucky Map | ESPP Home
Pesticide Table for Freshwater Mollusks
| Active Ingredient | Code |
|---|---|
| AZINPHOS-METHYL | 2c |
| BENOMYL | 1c |
| CAPTAN | 1c |
| CARBARYL | 2c |
| CARBOFURAN | 1c |
| CHLORPYRIFOS | |
| Alfalfa, Peanuts | 43 |
| Apples | 41 |
| Mosquito Larvicide Use | 61 |
| All Other Uses Except as a Termiticide | 2c |
| DIAZINON | 2c |
| DICOFOL | 2c |
| DIMETHOATE | 2c |
| ENDOSULFAN | 2c |
| ESFENVALERATE | 1c |
| ETHION | 2c |
| ETHOPROP | 1c |
| FENAMIPHOS | 2c |
| FLURIDONE | 20 |
| FONOFOS | 2c |
| MALATHION | 2c |
| METHIDATHION | 2c |
| METHOMYL | 1c |
| METHYL PARATHION | 1c |
| MEVINPHOS | 2c |
| NALED | 1c |
| NITRAPYRIN | 1c |
| PARATHION (ethyl) | 2c |
| PENDIMETHALIN | 2c |
| PERMETHRIN | 1c |
| PHORATE | 1c |
| PHOSMET | 1c |
| PHOSPHAMIDON | 1c |
| PROPICONAZOLE | 1 |
| PYRETHRINS | 2c |
| TERBUFOS | 2c |
| THIOBENCARB | 63 |
| TRICHLORFON | 2c |
Limitations On Pesticide Use
| Code | Limitations |
|---|---|
| 1 | Do not apply this pesticide within 20 yards from the edge of water within the shaded area for ground applications, nor within 100 yards for aerial applications. |
| 1c | For ground applications, do not apply this pesticide within 20 yards from the edge of water within either the shaded area or the upstream protection zone (described under the Shading Key). For aerial applications, do not apply this pesticide within 100 yards from the edge of water within the areas described above. |
| 2c | For ground applications, do not apply this pesticide within 40 yards from the edge of water within either the shaded area or the upstream protection zone (described under the Shading Key). For aerial applications, do not apply this pesticide within 200 yards from the edge of water within the areas described above. |
| 20 | Do not apply directly to water within the shaded area. |
| 41 | Do not apply this pesticide within 1/4 mile from the edge of water within the shaded area for ground applications, nor within 1/2 mile for aerial applications. |
| 43 | Do not apply this pesticide within 100 yards from the edge of water within the shaded area for ground applications, nor within 1/2 mile for aerial applications. |
| 61 | Do not apply this pesticide as a mosquito larvicide within the shaded area. |
| 63 | Do not apply this pesticide within the shaded area. In addition, do not apply within 100 yards of the shaded area for ground applications, nor within 1 mile for aerial applications. |
Freshwater Mussel[Unionidae]
Freshwater mollusks found in this area are one or more of the following; the Fat Pocketbook, the Orange-footed (pimple back) pearly mussel, the Pink mucket pearly mussel, the Ring pink (golf stick pearly) mussel, the Fanshell, the Purple cats paw pearly mussel, and the Rough pigtoe mussel. All of these mussels are in the family Unionidae, a family restricted to North America. A far larger percentage of this family are imperiled than any other taxonomic (species) group. The United States used to have a major industry harvesting freshwater mussels for mother of pearl buttons, freshwater pearls, etc. There still may be a little harvesting, but not much.
Freshwater mussels can live up to 50 years. In the parasitic larval stage of the mollusk lifecycle, it is dependant on fish within its habitat not only for nutrients, but for providing the species with mobility. Yet only a few host fish are known. Mature mussels bury themselves in the riffles and shoals and feed by siphoning phytoplankton and other plant matter from the water. Reverse siphoning is used to expell undigestible particles from the shell. However, silt in the water can kill mussels by clogging their feeding siphons.
Major factors affecting mussel populations are alterations in temperature, waterflow, and siltation caused by stream damming and channeling. Agricultural runoffs and industrial practices have also affected the mussel habitat by degrading water quality and siltation. Because mussels are filter feeders, the effects of pollution are intensified due to the large quantities of water drawn through their siphons in the feeding process. Another significant threat is the widespread and rapid population growths of the introduced zebra mussel. The zebra mussel not only competes with native species, but also attatches to them (and anything hard) and can add so much weight that the native species cannot open to feed.
Matthews, J.R. (ed.), The Official World Wildlife Fund Guide to Endangered Species, Beacham Publishing Inc, Washington, DC. Vol II, pp. 955-956.
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