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National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities
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[Federal Register: September 1, 1995 (Volume 60, Number 170)] [Rules and Regulations] [Page 45947-45980] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Parts 9 and 63 [AD-FRL-5273-9] RIN 2060-AE02 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule.
SUMMARY: National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities were proposed in the Federal Register on June 6, 1994. This Federal Register action announces the EPA's final decisions on the rule and promulgates the NESHAP for aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities. Aerospace manufacturing and rework operations emit many of the pollutants identified in the Clean Air Act (Act) list of 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAP). The intent of the standards is to protect public health by requiring existing and new major sources to control emissions to the level achievable by the maximum achievable control technology (MACT) consistent with section 112(d) of the Act. The HAP listed in Section 112(b)(1) emitted by aerospace facilities that would be covered by this final rule include, chromium, cadmium, methylene chloride, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, ethylene glycol and glycol ethers. This rule will reduce nationwide emissions of HAP from at least 2,869 major source aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities by approximately 112,600 Mg (123,700 tons). DATES: This regulation is effective on September 1, 1995. The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the regulation is approved by the Office of the Federal Register as of September 1, 1995. See the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section concerning judicial review. ADDRESSES: Background Information Document. The background information document (BID) for the promulgated standards may be obtained from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia 22161, telephone (703) 487-4650. Please refer to ``Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Operations--Background Information for Promulgated Standards'' (EPA-453/R-94-036b). The BID contains: (1) a summary of all the public comments made on the proposed standards and the Administrator's responses to the comments, and (2) a summary of the changes made to the standards since proposal. An electronic version of the promulgation BID as well as this preamble and final rule are available for download from the EPA's Technology Transfer Network (TTN), a network of electronic bulletin boards developed and operated by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. The TTN provides information and technology exchange in various areas of air pollution control. The service is free, except for the cost of a phone call. Dial (919) 541-5742 for data transfer of up to a 14,400 bits per second (bps) modem. If more information on the TTN is needed, contact the systems operator at (919) 541-5384. Docket. Docket No. A-92-20, containing supporting information used in developing the promulgated standards, is available for public inspection and copying from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, including all non-Government holidays, at the EPA's Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center (formerly known as the Air Docket), Waterside Mall, room M-1500, Ground Floor, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460; telephone (202) 260-7548. A reasonable fee may be charged for copying. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For general or technical information concerning the standards, contact Ms. Vickie Boothe, Emission Standards Division (MD-13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; telephone (919) 541-0164. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under section 307(b)(1) of the Act, judicial review of NESHAP is available only by filing a petition for review in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit within 60 days of today's publication of this final rule. Under section 307(b)(2) of the Act, the requirements that are the subject of today's notice may not be challenged later in civil or criminal proceedings brought by the EPA to enforce these requirements. The information presented in this preamble is organized as follows: I. The Standards
II. Summary of Considerations in Developing the Rule A. Purpose of Regulation
B. Summary of Impacts
III. Significant Changes to the Proposed Standards A. Public Participation
B. Comments on the Proposed Standards
C. Significant Changes
IV. Administrative Requirements
A. Docket
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
C. Executive Order 12866
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
E. Regulatory Review
F. Unfunded Mandate Act I. The Standards National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants established under section 112 of the Act must reflect the maximum degree of reduction in emissions of the hazardous air pollutants subject to this section (including a prohibition on such emissions, where achievable) that the Administrator, taking into consideration the cost of achieving such emission reduction, and any nonair quality health and environmental impacts and energy requirements, determines is achievable for new or existing sources in the category or subcategory to which such emission standard applies . . . [section 112(d)(2)]. The promulgated standards include multiple alternatives to allow owners or operators maximum compliance flexibility. A summary of the final standards is contained in Table 1. Table 1. Summary of Subpart GG of 40 CFR Part 63--National Emission Standards for Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities Affected Source and Requirement Description Aerospace Facilities Applicability: and/or rework of aerospace components and assemblies and that are major sources as defined in 40 CFR part 63. Specific operations are covered by the rule. (63.741) 4581. is located according to procedures in 40 CFR part 70 and applicable State regulations. (63.741(d)) All Affected Sources 40 CFR part 63, subpart A.<SUP>a (63.743(a)) 2. Submit an operation and maintenance plan, except for new sources or filter systems operated per manufacturer's instructions. (63.743(b)) 3. Obtain approval to use control device not listed in this subpart. (63.743(c)) effective date for existing sources and no later than the standards' effective date or upon startup, as appropriate, for new and reconstructed sources. (63.749(a)) General Provisions. (63.750(o)) and (g) of the General Provisions. (63.751(e) and (f)) Sec. 63.10 of the General Provisions. Semiannual reports or annual if compliant. (63.753(a)(1) and (3)) 2. Operating permit application can be used for initial notification. (63.753(a)(2)) Cleaning Operations: this subpart. Measures address placing solvent laden cloth or paper in closed containers, storing fresh and used cleaning solvent in closed containers, and minimizing spills during handling and transfer. (63.744(a)) Test Methods and Procedures See individual affected sources. Monitoring Requirements.... See individual affected sources. documentation. (63.752(b)(1)) Hand-Wipe Cleaning Operations: cleaning solvents must meet a composition requirement, have a vapor pressure less than 45 mm Hg at 20 deg.C, or meet the requirements specified in an alternative compliance plan administered by the permitting authority and approved under Section 112(l) of the Clean Air Act. (63.744(b)) 2. List of cleaning operations exempt from composition and vapor pressure requirements. (63.744(e)) 2. Vapor pressure determination through readily available sources if single component; ASTM E 260-91 and composite vapor pressure determination procedure for multiple component solvents. (63.750(b)) Monitoring Requirements.... None. annual volumes. (63.752(b)(2)) 2. If complying with vapor pressure limit, the name, vapor pressure, data/ calculations/test results, and monthly volumes. (63.752(b)(3)) 3. For noncompliant cleaning solvents used in exempt operations, monthly volumes by operation, and master list of processes. (63.752(b)(4)) Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual 1. Noncompliant solvent usage. (63.753(b)(1)(ii)) 2. New solvents and vapor pressure or composition. (63.753(b)(1)(iii)) Hand-Wipe Cleaning Operations (cont.)Reporting Requirements (cont.) 3. Statement certifying everything is in compliance. (63.753(b)(2)) Spray Gun Cleaning: 2. For enclosed spray gun cleaners, repair as soon as practicable, but within 15 days. (63.744(c)(1)(ii)) Test Methods and Procedures None. repaired. (63.752(b)(5)) Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual 1. Noncompliant spray gun cleaning method used. (63.753(b)(1)(iii)) 2. Leaks of enclosed spray gun cleaners not repaired within 15 days of detection. (63.753(b)(1)(iv)) 3. Statement certifying everything is in compliance. (63.753(b)(1)(v)) Flush Cleaning: system, or equivalent. (63.744(d)) Flush Cleaning (cont.) Test Methods and Procedures None. Monitoring Requirements.... None. Recordkeeping Requirements. None. Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual Statement certifying everything is in compliance. (63.753(b)(2)) Primer and Topcoat Application Operations: Uncontrolled Primers 1. Organic HAP content limit: 350 g/l (2.9 lb/gal) (less water) as applied. (63.745(c)(1)) 2. VOC content limit: 350 g/l (2.9 lb/gal) (less water and exempt solvents) as applied. (63.745(c)(2)) 3. Achieve compliance through: (1) use coatings below content limits, or (2) use monthly volume-weighted averaging to meet content limits. (63.745(e)) Uncontrolled Topcoats 4. Organic HAP content limit: 420 g/l (3.5 lb/gal) (less water) as applied. (63.745(c)(3)) 5. VOC content limit: 420 g/l (3.5 lb/gal) (less water and exempt solvents). (63.745(c)(4))6. 6. Achieve compliance as in 3. above. (63.745(e)) Controlled Primers and Topcoats 7. If control system is used, must be designed to capture and control all emissions from the application operation and must achieve an overall control efficiency of at least 81(63.745(d)) All Primers and Topcoats 8. Specific application techniques must be used. If alternative is sought, can only be used if emissions are less than or equal to HVLP or electrostatic spray application techniques. (63.745(f)(1)) 9. All application equipment must be operated according to manufacturer's specifications, company procedures, or locally specified operating procedures. (63.745(f)(2)) 10. Exemptions from No. 8 above provided for in certain situations. (63.745(f)(3)) 11. Operating requirements for the application of primers or topcoats that contain inorganic HAP, including control with either particulate filters or waterwash, and shutdown if operated outside manufacturer's specified limits. (63.745(g)(1) through (3)) 12. Exemptions from No. 11 provided for certain application operations. (63.745(g)(4)) adsorber: three 1-hour runs. For ``controlled'' coatings, carbon adsorber: each rolling period. (63.749(e)(1)) 2. Initial performance test for all control devices to demonstrate compliance with overall control efficiency requirement. (63.749(e)(2)) 2. VOC level determination procedures. (63.750(e) and (f)) 3. Overall control efficiency of carbon adsorber system determined using provided procedures; for other control devices, determine capture efficiency and destruction efficiency. For capture efficiency, use Procedure T in Appendix B to 40 CFR 52.741 for total enclosures and 40 CFR 52.741(a)(4)(iii) procedures for all other enclosures. (63.750(g) and (h)) ........................................................................... 4. For alternative application methods, first determine emission levels for initial 30-day period or five aircraft using only HVLP or electrostatic, or a time period specified by the permitting agency. Then use alternative application method for period of time necessary to coat equivalent amount of parts with same coatings. Alternative application method may be used when emissions generated during the test period are less than or equal to the emissions generated during the initial 30-day period or five aircraft. Dried film thickness must be within specification for initial 30-day period or five aircraft as demonstrated under actual production conditions. (63.750(i)) install, calibrate, maintain, and operate temperature monitors according to manufacturer's specifications. Use CEMS as an alternative. (63.751(b)) 2. Continuously monitor pressure drop across filter or water flow rate through waterwash. (63.751(c)) exempt solvents, calculate total HAP content. (63.752(c)(1)) 2. For ``compliant'' coatings, organic HAP and VOC contents as applied, data/calculations or Method 24 used to determine them, and monthly usage. (63.752(c)(2)) 3. For ``low-HAP/VOC'' primers, annual purchase records, and data/ calculations or Method 24 used to determine H<INF>i. (63.752(c)(3)) 4. For ``averaged'' coatings, monthly values of VOC content (H<INF>a and G<INF>a), and data/calculations or Method 24 used to calculate H<INF>a and G<INF>a. (63.752(c)(4)) 5. For ``controlled'' coatings (incinerator), overall control efficiency and incinerator temperature(s). (63.752(c)(5)) 6. For ``controlled'' coatings (carbon adsorber), overall control efficiency and length of rolling period and all supporting data/ calculations. (63.752(c)(6)) 7. Pressure drop across filter or water flow rate through waterwash once per shift, and acceptable limits. (63.752(d) (1) through (3)) 8. For new sources with chromated coatings, documentation that filters meet multistage or HEPA requirements. (63.752(d)(4)) Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual 1. All instances where organic HAP/VOC limits were exceeded. (63.753(c)(1)(i), (ii), and (viii)) 2. Control device exceedances (out-of-compliance). (63.753(c)(1)(iii), (iv), and (v)) 3. Periods when operation not immediately shut down due to pressure drop or water flow rate being outside limits. (63.753(c)(1)(vi)) 4. Statement certifying everything is in compliance. (63.753(c)(vii)) Annual 5. Number of times the pressure drop or water flow rate limits were exceeded. (63.753(c)(2)) Depainting Operations: or units normally removed. Fuselage, wings, and stabilizers always covered. Radomes, parts normally removed are exempt. (63.746(a)) strippers or softeners. (63.746(b)(1)) 2. Minimize inorganic HAP emissions during periods of non-chemical based equipment malfunction. (63.746(b)(2)) 3. Use of organic HAP-containing strippers for spot stripping and decal removal limited to 26 gallons per aircraft per year for commercial aircraft and 50 gallons per aircraft per year for military aircraft. (63.746(b)(3)) 4. Operating requirements for depainting operations generating airborne inorganic HAP, including control with particulate filters or waterwash systems. Mechanical and hand sanding are exempt. (63.746(b)(4) and (b)(5)) 5. Non-exempt organic HAP emissions controlled at 81 2.121996e-313fficiency for systems installed before effective date. For newer systems, control at 95(63.746(c)) and Tests. (63.749(g)(1)) 2. For spot stripping and decal removal usage limits: each calendar year. (63.749(g)(1)) 3. Initial performance test for all control devices to demonstrate compliance with overall control efficiency requirement. (63.749 (g)(1), (g)(2), and (g)(3)) used for aircraft. (63.750(j)) 2. Overall control efficiency of carbon adsorber system determined using specified procedures; for other control devices, determine capture efficiency and destruction efficiency. For capture efficiency, use Procedure T in Appendix B to 40 CFR 52.741 for total enclosures and 40 CFR 52.741(a)(4)(iii) procedures for all other enclosures. (63.750 (g) and (h)) waterwash. (63.751(d)) strippers. (63.752(e)(1)) 2. For controlled chemical strippers (carbon adsorber), overall control efficiency and length of rolling period and all supporting data/ calculations. (63.752(e)(2)) 3. For controlled chemical strippers (other control devices), overall control efficiency and supporting documentation. (63.752(e)(3)) 4. List of parts/assemblies normally removed. (63.752(e)(4)) information including dates, description, and alternative methods used. (63.752(e)(5)) 6. For spot stripping and decal removal, annual volume used, annual average volume per aircraft, and all data/calculations used to calculate volume per aircraft. (63.752(e)(6)) 7. Pressure drop across filter or water flow rate through waterwash once per shift and acceptable limits. (63.752(e)(7)) Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual 1. 24-hour periods where organic HAP were emitted from depainting operations in violation of rule. (63.753(d)(1)(i)) 2. New and reformulated chemical strippers and HAP contents. (63.753(d)(1)(ii), (iii), and (iv)) 3. New non-chemical based depainting techniques. (63.753(d)(1)(v)) 4. Malfunction information on non-chemical based techniques including dates, description, and alternative methods used. (63.753(d)(1)(vi)) 5. Periods when operation not immediately shut down due to pressure drop or water flow rate being outside limits. (63.753(d)(1)(vii)) 6. List of new/discontinued aircraft models and, for new models, list of parts normally removed for depainting. (63.753(d)(1)(viii)) 7. Organic HAP control device exceedances. (63.753(d)(3)) 8. Statement certifying everything is in compliance. (63.753(d)(2)(ii)) Annual 9. Exceedances of average annual volume limits for spot stripping and decal removal. (63.753(d)(2)(i)) 10. Number of times the pressure drop or water flow rate limits were exceeded. (63.753(d)(2)(iii)) Chemical Milling Maskant Applica- tion Operations: (63.747(a)) Uncontrolled Maskants 1. Organic HAP emissions: <ls-thn-eq> 160 g/l (1.3 lb/gal) (less water) as applied. (63.747(c)(1)) 2. VOC emissions: <ls-thn-eq> 160 g/l (1.3 lb/gal) (less water and exempt solvents) as applied. (63.747(c)(2)) 3. Achieve compliance through: (1) use maskants below content limits, or (2) use monthly volume-weighted averaging to meet content limits. (63.747(e)) Controlled Maskants 4. If control device is used, system must be designed to capture and control all emissions from maskant operation and must achieve an overall control efficiency of at least 81 0.000000or systems installed before effective date. For new systems, control at 95(63.747(d)) period. For controlled coatings, non-carbon adsorber: three 1-hour runs. (63.749(i)(1)) 2. Initial performance test required for all control devices to demonstrate compliance with overall control efficiency requirement. (63.749 (i)(2) and (i)(3)) for organic HAP and VOC content levels. (63.750 (g), (h), and (k)-(n)) Recordkeeping Requirements. Same as for primers and topcoats. (63.752(f)) Reporting Requirements..... Semiannual 1. Exceedances of organic HAP/VOC limits. (63.753(e)(1), (2) and (7)) 2. Control device exceedances (out of compliance). (63.753(e)(3)) 3. New maskants. (63.753(e)(4)) 4. New control devices. (63.753(e)(5)) 5. Everything is in compliance. (63.753(e)(6)) Waste Handling and Storage Operations: Standards.................. Minimize spills during handling and transfer. (63.748) Test Methods and Procedures None. Monitoring Requirements.... None. Recordkeeping Requirements. None. Reporting Requirements..... None. on March 16, 1994 at 59 FR 12408. 40 CFR citation OMB control No. primary ingredient (<gr-thn-eq>80 percent of solvent solution as applied must be water). Detergents, surfactants, and bioenzyme mixtures and nutrients may be combined with the water along with a variety of additives such as organic solvents (e.g., high boiling point alcohols), builders, saponifiers, inhibitors, emulsifiers, pH buffers, and antifoaming agents. Aqueous solutions must have a flash point greater than 93 deg.C (200 deg.F) (as reported by the manufacturer) and the solution must be miscible with water. photochemically reactive hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons and have a maximum vapor pressure of 7 mm Hg at 20 deg.C (3.75 in. H<INF>2O at 68 deg.F). These cleaners also contain no HAP or ozone depleting compounds.