National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles

[Federal Register: July 11, 2002 (Volume 67, Number 133)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 46027-46088]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr11jy02-24]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 63
[FRL-7237-1]
RIN 2060-AG98

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants:
Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: This action proposes national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants (NESHAP) for fabric and other textile coating, printing,
slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations, pursuant to section 112(d)
of the Clean Air Act (CAA). This action also revises the title of the
source category. The Printing, Coating and Dyeing of Fabrics source
category was included in the initial list of categories of hazardous
air pollutants (HAP), published in the Federal Register on July 16,
1992. This action changes the title of the source category to Printing,
Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles, to clarify the
applicability of the proposed NESHAP to HAP-emitting operations
performed on textile substrates including, but not limited to, fabric.
The EPA has estimated that there are approximately 135 major source
facilities in the Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other
Textiles source category. The principal HAP emitted by these affected
sources include toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methanol, xylenes,
methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), methylene chloride, n-hexane,
trichloroethylene, and n,n-dimethyl formamide. Secondary HAP emitted
include 1,1,1-trichloroethane, naphthalene, ethyl benzene, glycol
ethers (ethylene glycol), biphenyl, and styrene.
Exposure to these substances has been demonstrated to cause adverse
health effects such as irritation of the eye, lung, and mucous
membranes, effects on the central nervous system, and damage to the
liver. The EPA has classified two of the HAP as probable or possible
human carcinogens. In general, these adverse health effect findings
have only been shown with concentrations higher than those typically in
the ambient air. The proposed standards would reduce nationwide HAP
emissions from major sources by approximately 60 percent. The reduction
in HAP emissions would be achieved by requiring all fabric and other
textiles coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations
at major sources to meet the HAP emission standards reflecting the
application of the maximum achievable control technology (MACT).
Emission reductions achieved by these standards, when combined with the
emission reductions achieved by other similar standards, would protect
and enhance the quality of the Nation's air resources so as to promote
the public health and welfare, protect the environment, and achieve a
primary goal of the CAA.

DATES: Comments. Submit comments on or before September 9, 2002.
Public Hearing. If anyone contacts the EPA requesting to speak at a
public hearing, they should do so by July 31, 2002. If requested, a
public hearing will be held within approximately 30 days following
publication of this document in the Federal Register.

ADDRESSES: Comments. By U.S. Postal Service, send comments (in
duplicate if possible) to: Air and Radiation Docket and Information
Center (6102), Attention Docket Number A-97-51, U.S. EPA, 1200
Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460. In person or by
courier, deliver comments (in duplicate if possible) to: Air and
Radiation Docket and Information Center (6102), Attention Docket Number
A-97-51, U.S. EPA, 501 M Street, SW., Room M-1500, Washington, DC
20460. The EPA requests a separate copy also be sent to the contact
person listed in FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at the
new EPA facility complex in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. You
should contact Ms. Janet Eck, Coatings and Consumer Products Group
(C539-03), Emission Standards Division, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27711, telephone number (919) 541-7946, to request to speak at
a public hearing or to find out if a hearing will be held.
Docket. Docket No. A-97-51 contains supporting information used in
developing the proposed standards. The docket is located at the U.S.
EPA, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460 in Room M-1500, Waterside
Mall (ground floor), and may be inspected from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Vinson Hellwig, Coatings and
Consumer Products Group (C539-03), Emission Standards Division, U.S.
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone number (919) 541-2317;
facsimile number (919) 541-5689; electronic mail (e-mail) address:
hellwig.vinson@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Comments. Comments and data may be submitted
by e-mail to: a-and-r-docket@epa.gov. Electronic comments must be
submitted as an ASCII file to avoid the use of special characters and
encryption problems and will also be accepted on disks in
WordPerfect file format. All comments and data submitted in
electronic form must note the docket number: A-97-51. No confidential
business information (CBI) should be submitted by e-mail. Electronic
comments may be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries.
Commenters wishing to submit proprietary information for
consideration must clearly distinguish such information from other
comments and clearly label it as CBI. Send submissions containing such
proprietary information directly to the following address, and not to
the public docket, to ensure that proprietary information is not
inadvertently placed in the docket: Mr. Vinson Hellwig, c/o OAQPS
Document Control Officer (C404-02), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park,
NC 27711. The EPA will disclose information identified as CBI only to
the extent allowed by the procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. If no
claim of confidentiality accompanies a submission when it is received
by EPA, the information may be made available to the public without
further notice to the commenter.
Public Hearing. Persons interested in presenting oral testimony or
inquiring as to whether a hearing is to be held should contact Ms.
Janet Eck, Coatings and Consumer Products Group (C539-03), Emission
Standards Division, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
telephone number (919) 541-7946 at least 2 days in advance of the
public hearing. Persons interested in attending the public hearing
should also contact Ms. Eck to verify the time, date, and location of
the hearing. The public hearing will provide interested parties the
opportunity to present data, views, or arguments concerning these
proposed emission standards.
Docket. The docket is an organized and complete file of all the
information considered by EPA in the development of this rulemaking.
The docket is a dynamic file because material is added throughout the
rulemaking process. The docketing system is intended to allow members
of the public and industries involved to readily identify and locate
documents so that they can effectively participate in the rulemaking
process. Along with the proposed and promulgated standards and their
preambles, the contents of the docket

[[Page 46029]]

will serve as the record in the case of judicial review. (See section
307(d)(7)(A) of the CAA.) The regulatory text and other materials
related to this rulemaking are available for review in the docket or
copies may be mailed on request from the Air and Radiation Docket and
Information Center by calling (202) 260-7548. A reasonable fee may be
charged for copying docket materials.
WorldWide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket,
an electronic copy of the proposed rule will also be available on the
WWW through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following signature
by the EPA Administrator, a copy of the proposed rule will be posted on
the TTN's policy and guidance page for newly proposed or promulgated
rules at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg. The TTN provides information and
technology exchange in various areas of air pollution control. If more
information regarding the TTN is needed, call the TTN HELP line at
(919) 541-5384.
Regulated Entities. The proposed source category definition
includes sources that engage in the coating, printing, slashing,
dyeing, or finishing of any fabric or other textile. In general,
sources that engage in fabric and other textiles coating, printing,
slashing, dyeing, or finishing operations are covered under the North
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes listed in the
following table. However, sources classified under other NAICS codes
may be subject to the proposed standards if they meet the applicability
criteria. Not all sources classified under the NAICS codes in the
following table will be subject to the proposed standards because some
of the classifications cover products outside the scope of the NESHAP
for printing, coating and dyeing of fabrics and other textiles.

Table 1.--Categories and Entities Potentially Regulated by the Proposed Standards
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NAICS Code NAICS product description
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31321............................................... Broadwoven Fabric Mills
31322............................................... Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery
313241.............................................. Weft Knit Fabric Mills
313311.............................................. Broadwoven Fabric Finishing Mills
313312.............................................. Textile and Fabric Finishing (except Broadwoven Fabric)
Mills
313320.............................................. Fabric Coating Mills
314110.............................................. Carpet and Rug Mills
326220.............................................. Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting and Manufacturing
339991.............................................. Gasket, Packing, and Sealing Device Manufacturing
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This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this
action. To determine whether your operation is regulated by this
action, you should examine the applicability criteria in Sec. 63.4281
of the proposed rule. If you have any questions regarding the
applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person
listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Outline. The information presented in this preamble is organized as
follows:

I. Background
A. What is the source of authority for development of NESHAP?
B. What criteria are used in the development of NESHAP?
C. What are the health effects associated with HAP emissions
from coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations?
II. Summary of the Proposed Rule
A. What source categories and subcategories are affected by the
proposed rule?
B. What is the relationship to other rules?
C. What are the primary sources of emissions and what are the
emissions?
D. What is the affected source?
E. What are the emission limits, operating limits, and other
standards?
F. What are the testing and initial compliance requirements?
G. What are the continuous compliance provisions?
H. What are the notification, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements?
III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards
A. How did we select the source category and subcategories?
B. How did we select the regulated pollutants?
C. How did we select the affected source?
D. How did we determine the basis and level of the proposed
standards for existing and new or reconstructed sources?
E. How did we select the format of the proposed standards?
F. How did we select the testing and initial compliance
requirements?
G. How did we select the continuous compliance requirements?
H. How did we select the notification, recordkeeping, and
reporting requirements?
I. How did we select the compliance date?
IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
A. What are the air impacts?
B. What are the cost impacts?
C. What are the economic impacts?
D. What are the non-air health, environmental, and energy
impacts?
V. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review
B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism
C. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with
Indian Tribal Governments
D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5
U.S.C. 601, et seq.
H. Paperwork Reduction Act
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

I. Background

A. What Is the Source of Authority for Development of NESHAP?

Section 112 of the CAA requires us to list categories and
subcategories of major sources and area sources of HAP and to establish
NESHAP for the listed source categories and subcategories. The
Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics source category was listed on
July 16, 1992 (57 FR 31576) under the Surface Coating Processes
industry group. As has been noted previously in this preamble, today's
action changes the title of the source category to Printing, Coating,
and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles.
Major sources of HAP are those that have the potential to emit
greater than 10 tons per year (tpy) of any one HAP or 25 tpy of any
combination of HAP.

[[Page 46030]]

B. What Criteria Are Used in the Development of NESHAP?

Section 112 of the CAA requires that we establish NESHAP for the
control of HAP from both new and existing major sources. The CAA
requires the NESHAP to reflect the maximum degree of reduction in
emissions of HAP that is achievable. This level of control is commonly
referred to as the MACT.
The MACT floor is the minimum control level allowed for NESHAP and
is defined under section 112(d)(3) of the CAA. In essence, the MACT
floor ensures that the standard is set at a level that assures that all
major sources achieve the level of control already achieved by the
better-controlled and lower-emitting sources in each source category or
subcategory. For new sources, the MACT standards cannot be less
stringent than the emission control that is achieved in practice by the
best-controlled similar source. The MACT standards for existing sources
can be less stringent than standards for new sources, but they cannot
be less stringent than the average emission limitation achieved by the
best-performing 12 percent of existing sources in the category or
subcategory (or the best-performing five sources for categories or
subcategories with fewer than 30 sources).
In developing MACT, we also consider control options that are more
stringent than the floor. We may establish standards more stringent
than the floor based on the consideration of the cost of achieving the
emissions reductions, any non-air health and environmental impacts, and
energy requirements.

C. What Are the Health Effects Associated With HAP Emissions From
Coating, Printing, Slashing, Dyeing, and Finishing Operations?

The HAP emitted from coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, and
finishing operations include toluene, MEK, methanol, xylenes, MIBK,
methylene chloride, n-hexane, trichloroethylene, and n,n-
dimethylformamide. These compounds account for about 81 percent of the
nationwide HAP emissions from this source category. The HAP that would
be controlled with the proposed rule are associated with a variety of
adverse health effects. These adverse health effects include chronic
health disorders (e.g., irritation of the eyes, lungs, and mucous
membranes, effects on the central nervous system, and damage to the
heart and liver) and acute health disorders (e.g., respiratory
irritation and central nervous system effects such as drowsiness,
headache, and nausea). The EPA has classified two of the HAP (methylene
chloride and naphthalene) as probable or possible human carcinogens.
We do not have the type of current detailed data on each of the
facilities covered by the emission standards for this source category,
and the people living around the affected facilities, that would be
necessary to conduct an analysis to determine the actual population
exposures to the HAP emitted from these affected facilities and
potential for resultant health effects. Therefore, we do not know the
extent to which the adverse health effects described above occur in the
populations surrounding these affected facilities. However, to the
extent the adverse effects do occur, the proposed rule would reduce
emissions and subsequent exposures.

II. Summary of the Proposed Rule

A. What Source Categories and Subcategories Are Affected by the
Proposed Rrule?

The proposed rule would apply to you if you own or operate a fabric
or other textile coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing
operation or group of such operations that is a major source, or is
located at a major source, or is part of a major source of HAP
emissions, whether or not you manufacture the substrate. The coating,
printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing operations themselves are not
required to be major sources of HAP emissions in order for them to be
covered by the proposed rule. As long as some part of the facility
where the operations are located (e.g., a process boiler or
manufacturing operations associated with production of the final
product) causes it to be a major source, the coating, printing,
slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations would be subject to the
standards.
Any major HAP-emitting facility that performs coating, printing,
slashing, dyeing, or finishing of fabric or other textiles is in this
source category. As defined in the proposed rule, fabric or other
textiles includes, but is not limited to, yarn, fiber, cord, thread,
fabric and textile products, tents, roofing, soft baggage, marine
fabric, drapery linings, flexible hoses, hot-air balloons, and awnings.
The source category includes three subcategories (coating and printing,
slashing, and dyeing and finishing) as described in the following
paragraphs.
The coating and printing subcategory encompasses coating activities
and equipment used to apply semi-liquid coating material to one or both
sides of a textile web substrate. Once the coating is dried (and cured,
if necessary) it bonds with the substrate to form a continuous solid
film for decorative, protective, or functional purposes. Similarly, the
coating and printing subcategory includes printing activities and
equipment used to apply color and patterns to textile substrates,
usually in the form of a paste. After application of the printing
material, the substrate is treated with steam, heat, or chemicals to
fix the color. If you coat fabric or other textiles and any other
substrate on a coating line, then that line would be subject to the
proposed rule unless it is specifically exempted in another NESHAP. We
currently plan to provide such an exemption in the tire cord production
NESHAP for tire cord coating lines that occasionally coat fabric.
Another exemption is planned for the paper and other web coating NESHAP
for lines that coat medical tape or duct tape.
The slashing subcategory includes the yarn preparation process
performed on warp yarn prior to weaving. Slashing is the application of
a chemical solution (known as sizing) to a yarn in a water solution
followed by squeezing and drying.
The dyeing and finishing subcategory includes the equipment and
operations involved in two separate but related processes that are both
performed at some sources, while only one or the other is performed at
other sources. Dyes and finishes are applied to yarn, fiber, cord,
thread, or fabric in aqueous solutions and then dried. Dyeing is the
application of color to the whole body of a textile substrate.
Finishing is a process performed after dyeing that improves the
appearance and/or usefulness of a textile substrate.
You would not be subject to the proposed rule if your coating,
printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing operation is located at an
area source. An area source of HAP is any facility that has the
potential to emit HAP but is not a major source. You may establish area
source status by limiting the source's potential to emit HAP through
appropriate mechanisms available through your permitting authority.
Exclusions from the source category include coating, printing,
slashing, dyeing or finishing at sources using only coating, printing,
slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning materials that
contain no organic HAP; coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or
finishing that occurs at research or laboratory facilities or that is
part of janitorial, building, and facility maintenance operations; and
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing

[[Page 46031]]

used by an affected source and not for commerce, unless organic HAP
emissions from the facility that performs coating, printing, slashing,
dyeing, or finishing operations are as high as the specified major
source HAP emissions.

B. What Is the Relationship to Other Rules?

Affected sources subject to the proposed rule may also be subject
to other rules. We specifically request comments on how monitoring,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements can be consolidated for
sources that are subject to more than one rule.
New Source Performance Standards--40 CFR part 60, subpart VVV. The
new source performance standards (NSPS) for polymeric coating of
supporting substrates apply to affected facilities that apply
elastomers, polymers, or prepolymers to a supporting web other than
paper, plastic film, metallic foil, or metal coil and that began
construction, reconstruction, or modification after April 30, 1987. The
pollutants regulated are volatile organic compounds (VOC). The affected
facility is each coating operation and any onsite coating mix
preparation equipment used to prepare coatings for the polymeric
coating of the affected substrate. Emissions of VOC from the coating
operation must be reduced by at least 90 percent or a total enclosure
must be installed around the coating operation vented to an add-on
control device that is at least 95 percent efficient. Depending on
criteria in the NSPS, VOC emissions from onsite coating mix preparation
equipment must be vented to a 95 percent efficient add-on control
device or each piece of mix preparation equipment must be covered.
The proposed requirements for coating operations differ from the
NSPS in three ways. First, the ``affected source'' for the proposed
rule is defined broadly as the collection of all of the coating and
printing operations and associated processes at the facility, whereas
the ``affected facility'' for the NSPS is defined narrowly as each
individual coating operation. The proposed NESHAP's broader definition
of an affected source allows averaging across coating and printing
lines for compliance purposes. Second, the proposed rule regulates
organic HAP. While most organic HAP emitted from coating and printing
operations are VOC, some VOC are not listed as HAP, and, therefore, the
NSPS regulates a broader range of pollutants than the proposed NESHAP.
Third, the HAP emission limitations in the proposed rule are in terms
of an overall control efficiency (OCE) with an alternative weight
fraction of solids applied emission rate limit based on the amount of
coating solids used at the affected source. The VOC limitations in the
NSPS are emission reduction standards; there is not an emission rate
option based on the amount of coating solids used. Because of the
differences between the two rules, compliance with either rule cannot
be deemed compliance with the other. A coating or printing operation
that meets the applicability requirements of both rules must comply
with both. Overlapping reporting, recordkeeping, and monitoring
requirements may be resolved through your title V permit.
Future national emission standards for the surface coating of paper
and other web products. The paper and other web coating NESHAP were
proposed September 13, 2000 (65 FR 55332). If you operate a coating
line(s) that applies coatings both to paper and other web and to fabric
and other textile substrates on the same line, then the coating line(s)
is subject to the proposed printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics and
other textiles NESHAP. The only exceptions are where the paper and
other web substrate being coated is medical tape or duct tape or where
fabric is being laminated to a paper or other web substrate, and these
exceptions will be specified in the paper and other web NESHAP.
Future national emission standards for tire manufacturing. The EPA
has identified affected sources in the tire manufacturing source
category that coat tire cord and that also sometimes apply coatings to
textile cord used in the production of belts and hoses. If the source
is subject to the tire manufacturing NESHAP, it is not subject to the
proposed printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics and other textiles
NESHAP.

C. What Are the Primary Sources of Emissions and What Are the
Emissions?

HAP emission sources. Coating and printing material application and
curing are the largest contributors of HAP emissions at coating and
printing affected sources. For example, based on the responses to a
survey of the coating industry, the portion of total affected source
HAP emissions attributed to coating application and curing is estimated
to be approximately 95 percent. Other operations and activities that
may create HAP emissions associated with coating/printing include
storage tanks, substrate preparation, coating and printing material
mixing/thinning operations, parts and equipment cleaning, and waste and
wastewater operations.
The primary source of HAP emissions from slashing is methanol from
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) size, typically applied to synthetics (although
it adheres to and is used for natural fibers as well). The methanol is
present in the PVA size as a contaminant and is not needed for the
slashing process. The methanol emissions can arise either from the size
cooking operation and/or from the application or slashing process--the
distribution is unclear, although it will depend upon the temperature
at which the size is cooked, the cooking time, and how often mixing
containers (cookers) are opened.
The sources of HAP emissions from dyeing are the HAP constituents
that are contained in dyestuffs and auxiliary chemicals as purchased.
The HAP constituents are needed to impart certain desirable
characteristics to the dyed substrate (e.g., certain colors can only be
attained through the use of HAP-containing dyestuffs or auxiliaries.)
No HAP are known to be added by the users. The fraction of HAP
contained in dye materials that is emitted to the atmosphere is
generally estimated to range from zero to 10 percent, although a few
sources report from 19 percent to as much as 100 percent emitted. The
fraction of HAP in dye materials emitted to the atmosphere depends on
the characteristics of the specific HAP constituents and the pressures
and temperatures that the HAP are exposed to in the dyeing process
operations. Most HAP constituents are believed to be rinsed from the
substrate before the substrate is dried, because drying a substrate
with unattached dye would adversely affect the quality of the dyed
product.
The sources of HAP emissions from finishing are the HAP
constituents that are contained in finishing materials as purchased,
i.e., as delivered to the affected source, before alteration. As is the
case with dyeing, the HAP constituents are needed to impart certain
desirable characteristics to the finished substrate (e.g., a resin
finish containing HAP might be applied to a cotton/polyester blend for
durable press and dimensional stability). No HAP are known to be added
by the users. In finishing, unlike in dyeing, the fraction of HAP
contained in finishes that is emitted to the atmosphere is generally
assumed to be 100 percent with the exception of HAP that cross-link to
the fiber, such as formaldehyde. This is because finished textiles are
generally dried and cured at relatively high temperatures over 300
degrees Fahrenheit.

[[Page 46032]]

Organic HAP. Available emission data collected during the
development of the proposed NESHAP show that the primary organic HAP
emitted from coating and printing include toluene, MEK, hexane, and
n,n-dimethylformamide. These compounds account for approximately 92
percent of this subcategory's nationwide organic HAP emissions. Other
significant organic HAP identified include MIBK, hexane, and methylene
chloride.
Available emission data collected during the development of the
proposed NESHAP show that the organic HAP emitted from slashing is
methanol. Methanol accounts for almost 100 percent of this
subcategory's nationwide organic HAP emissions.
Based on emission data reported in survey responses collected
during the development of the proposed NESHAP, methanol, glycol ether,
and ethylene glycol are the primary HAP emitted from textile dyeing and
finishing operations. These HAP account for approximately 82 percent of
this subcategory's nationwide HAP emissions. Other significant organic
HAP identified include formaldehyde, toluene and styrene.
Inorganic HAP. Based on information reported in survey responses
during the development of the proposed NESHAP, inorganic HAP, including
chromium, cobalt, hydrogen chloride, lead, manganese compounds and
nickel, are components of some coatings, dyes, and finishes used by
this source category. Inorganic HAP are not likely to be emitted
because of the application techniques used.

D. What Is the Affected Source?

We define an affected source as a stationary source, a group of
stationary sources, or part of a stationary source to which a specific
emission standard applies. The proposed standards define the affected
source for each subcategory as the collection of all equipment
associated with the coating and printing, the slashing, or the dyeing
and finishing performed on a textile substrate. For the purpose of
defining the affected source, the textile substrate includes staple
fibers and filaments suitable for conversion to or use as yarns, or for
the preparation of woven, knit, or nonwoven fabrics; yarns made from
natural or manufactured fibers; fabrics and other manufactured products
made from staple fibers and filaments and from yarn; and garments and
other articles fabricated from fibers, yarns, or fabrics. Also for each
subcategory, the specific regulated materials are defined. Regulated
materials are the HAP-containing materials that are the source of HAP
emissions limited by the requirements of the proposed NESHAP.
The affected source for the coating and printing subcategory
includes: all web coating and printing equipment used to apply cleaning
materials to a substrate to prepare it for coating or printing material
application, to apply coating or printing materials to a substrate and
to dry or cure the coating or printing materials after application by
exposure to heat or radiation (coating or printing material drying or
curing), or to clean coating/printing operation equipment; all storage
containers and mixing vessels in which regulated materials are stored
or mixed; all manual and automated equipment and containers used for
conveying regulated materials; all storage containers and all manual
and automated equipment and containers used for conveying waste
materials generated by a coating or printing operation; and all manual
and automated equipment, structures, and devices used to convey, treat,
or dispose of wastewater streams or residuals. Coating or printing
material drying or curing at ambient conditions is not drying or curing
for the purpose of the proposed standards. The regulated materials for
the coating and printing subcategory are the coating, printing,
thinning and cleaning materials used in the affected source.
The affected source for the slashing subcategory includes: all
slashing equipment used to apply and dry size on warp yarn; all storage
containers and mixing vessels in which regulated materials are stored
or mixed; all manual and automated equipment and containers used for
conveying regulated materials; all storage containers and all manual
and automated equipment and containers used for conveying waste
materials generated by a slashing operation; and all manual and
automated equipment, structures, and devices used to convey, treat, or
dispose of wastewater streams or residuals. The regulated materials for
the slashing subcategory are the slashing materials used in the
affected source.
The affected source for the dyeing and finishing subcategory
includes: all dyeing and finishing equipment used to apply dyeing or
finishing materials, to fix dyeing materials to the substrate, to rinse
the textile substrate, to dry or cure the dyeing or finishing
materials, or to clean dyeing/finishing operation equipment; all
storage containers and mixing vessels in which regulated materials are
stored or mixed; all manual and automated equipment and containers used
for conveying regulated materials; all storage containers and all
manual and automated equipment and containers used for conveying waste
materials generated by a dyeing or finishing operation; and all manual
and automated equipment, structures, and devices used to convey, treat,
or dispose of wastewater streams or residuals. The regulated materials
for the dyeing and finishing subcategory are the dyeing, finishing, and
cleaning materials used in the affected source.

E. What Are the Emission Limits, Operating Limits, and Other Standards?

We are proposing standards that would limit organic HAP emissions
from coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations. The
proposed standards include emission limits, operating limits, and work
practice standards. Emission limits are being proposed for the coating
and printing, slashing, and dyeing and finishing subcategories.
Operating limits and work practice standards are being proposed for the
coating and printing subcategory.
Emission limits. In the coating and printing subcategory, we are
proposing to limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere from each
new and reconstructed affected source to one of the following three
specified levels: (1) At least a 98 percent organic HAP OCE (OCE
limit); (2) no more than 0.08 kilograms (kg) organic HAP/kg of coating
solids used (0.08 pound (lb) organic HAP/lb of coating solids used)
during each monthly compliance period (emission rate limit); or (3) if
you are using an oxidizer to control organic HAP emissions, operate the
oxidizer such that an outlet organic HAP concentration of no greater
than 20 parts per million by volume (ppmv) on a dry basis is achieved
and the efficiency of the capture system is 100 percent (outlet
concentration limit). The proposed HAP emission limits for each
existing affected source are: (1) To achieve at least a 97 percent OCE
limit; (2) an emission rate limit of no more than 0.12 kg organic HAP/
kg of coating solids used (0.12 lb organic HAP/lb of coating solids
used) in each monthly compliance period; or (3) if you are using an
oxidizer to control organic HAP emissions, operate the oxidizer to
achieve the outlet concentration limit of no greater than 20 ppmv on a
dry basis and the efficiency of the capture system is 100 percent.
You may choose from several compliance options in the proposed rule
to achieve the coating and printing emission limits. You could comply
through a pollution prevention approach by applying regulated materials
that meet the emission rate

[[Page 46033]]

limits, either individually (compliant material option) or collectively
(emission rate without add-on controls option), during each monthly
compliance period. Second, you could use a capture system and add-on
control device to meet either the applicable organic HAP OCE limit or
emission rate limit. Third, you could use a 100 percent efficient
capture system and an oxidizer that reduces organic HAP emissions to no
more than 20 ppmv.
In the slashing subcategory, we are proposing to require each new,
reconstructed and existing affected source to emit no organic HAP. This
is not an absolute zero HAP limit since the compliance procedures
specify that to determine organic HAP emissions, you would count only
organic HAP present in the materials you use at 0.1 percent by mass or
more for OSHA-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR
1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1 percent or more for other organic HAP
compounds. To comply with the slashing organic HAP emission limits, you
must apply only materials that individually meet the standard during
each monthly compliance period.
In the dyeing and finishing subcategory, we are proposing to limit
organic HAP emissions from each new, reconstructed and existing
affected source that conducts dyeing operations only or both dyeing and
finishing operations to no more than 0.016 kg organic HAP per kg of
dyeing material used (0.016 lb organic HAP per lb of dyeing material
used) for each monthly compliance period. You could comply with the
dyeing and finishing organic HAP emission rate by applying materials
that meet the emission rate, either individually or collectively,
during each monthly compliance period. Each new, reconstructed and
existing affected source that conducts only finishing operations is
required to emit no organic HAP. This is not an absolute zero HAP limit
since the compliance procedures specify that to determine organic HAP
emissions, you would count only organic HAP that are present in the
materials you use at 0.1 percent by mass or more for Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-defined carcinogens as
specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1 percent or more for other
organic HAP compounds.
Operating limits. If you reduce emissions from coating or printing
operations by using a capture system and add-on control device (other
than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid
material balance), the proposed operating limits would apply to you.
These limits are site-specific parameter limits that you determine
during the initial performance test of the system. For capture systems
that are not permanent total enclosures (PTE), you would establish
average volumetric flow rates or duct static pressure limits for each
capture device (or enclosure) in each capture system. For capture
systems that are PTE, you would establish limits on average facial
velocity or pressure drop across openings in the enclosure.
For thermal oxidizers, you would monitor the combustion
temperature. For catalytic oxidizers, you would either monitor the
temperature immediately before and after the catalyst bed, or you would
monitor the temperature before the catalyst bed and prepare and
implement an inspection and maintenance plan that includes periodic
catalyst activity checks. For carbon adsorbers for which you do not
conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you would monitor the carbon
bed temperature and the amount of steam or nitrogen used to desorb the
bed. For condensers, you would monitor the outlet gas temperature from
the condenser. For concentrators, you would monitor the temperature in
the desorption gas stream and the pressure drop across the zeolite
wheel or rotary carbon bed.
The site-specific parameter limits that you establish must reflect
operation of the capture system and add-on control devices during a
performance test that demonstrates achievement of the emission limits
during representative operating conditions.
Work practice standards. If you use an emission capture system and
add-on control device for compliance, you would be required to develop
and implement a work practice plan to minimize organic HAP emissions
from mixing operations, storage tanks and other containers, and
handling operations for coating, printing, thinning, cleaning, and
waste materials.
Operations during startup, shutdown, or malfunction. If you use a
capture system and add-on control device for compliance, you would be
required to develop and operate according to a startup, shutdown, and
malfunction plan (SSMP) during periods of startup, shutdown, or
malfunction of the capture system and add-on control device.
General Provisions. The General Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart
A) would also apply to you as indicated in the proposed rule. The
General Provisions codify certain procedures and criteria for all 40
CFR part 63 NESHAP. The General Provisions contain administrative
procedures, preconstruction review procedures for new sources, and
procedures for conducting compliance-related activities such as
notifications, reporting and recordkeeping, performance testing, and
monitoring. The proposed rule refers to individual sections of the
General Provisions to emphasize key sections that are relevant.
However, unless specifically overridden in the proposed rule, all of
the applicable General Provisions requirements would apply to you.

F. What Are the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?

Compliance dates. Existing affected sources would have to be in
compliance with the final standards no later than [DATE 3 YEARS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. New and
reconstructed affected sources would have to be in compliance upon
startup of the affected source or by the [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE
FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is later. The effective
date is the date on which the final rule is published in the Federal
Register.
The proposed initial compliance period begins on the compliance
date and ends on the last day of the first full month following the
compliance date; except for new and reconstructed sources required to
conduct performance tests, the initial compliance period ends on the
last day of the first full month following the performance test if the
performance test is conducted later than the compliance date (the
proposed rule allows the test to be conducted up to 180 days later).
Being ``in compliance'' means that the owner or operator of the
affected source meets the requirements to achieve the emission
limitations during the initial compliance period. At the end of the
initial compliance period, the owner or operator would use the data and
records generated to determine whether or not the affected source is in
compliance with the organic HAP emission limit and other applicable
requirements for that period. If the affected source does not meet the
emission limit and other applicable requirements, it is out of
compliance for the entire initial compliance period.
Emission limits. With the exception of the slashing emission limit,
there are several proposed options for complying with the proposed
emission limits, and the testing and initial compliance requirements
vary accordingly. You would be able to use different compliance options
for different coating, printing, dyeing, and finishing operations in
the affected source for

[[Page 46034]]

each subcategory and also for the same operation at different times.
Compliance based on materials used in the affected source. If you
demonstrate compliance with the proposed coating and printing emission
limits based on the materials used, you would determine the mass of
organic HAP and the mass fraction of solids in all materials used
during the month of the initial compliance period. You would be
required to demonstrate either that the organic HAP content of each
coating and printing material meets the applicable emission limit and
that you use no organic HAP-containing thinning or cleaning materials
(compliant material option); or that the total mass of organic HAP in
all coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials used divided by
the total mass of solids in coating and printing materials used meets
the applicable emission limit (emission rate without add-on controls
option).
The compliant material option is a pollution prevention option that
allows you to easily demonstrate compliance by using low-HAP or non-HAP
coating and printing materials. If you use coating and printing
materials that, based on their organic HAP content, individually meet
the kg (lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) solids used levels in the
applicable emission limits and you use non-HAP thinners and other
additives and cleaning materials, this compliance option is available
to you. For this option, we have minimized recordkeeping and reporting
requirements. You can demonstrate compliance by using readily available
purchase records containing manufacturer's formulation data to
determine the organic HAP content of each coating, printing, or other
material and the amount of each material used. You would not need to
perform any detailed emission rate calculations.
To demonstrate compliance with the compliant material option, you
would demonstrate that the organic HAP content of each coating and
printing material meets the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to the
proposed subpart, and that you used no organic HAP-containing thinning
or cleaning materials. For example, if you are using the compliant
materials option for your existing source, you would demonstrate that:
(1) Each coating and printing material used has an organic HAP content
no greater than 0.12 kg (0.12 lb) organic HAP per kg (lb) solids used,
(2) and that you used no organic HAP-containing thinning or cleaning
materials. Note that ``no organic HAP'' is not intended to mean
absolute zero. Materials that contain ``no organic HAP'' should be
interpreted to mean materials that contain organic HAP levels below the
levels specified in Sec. 63.4341(e) of the proposed rule, which are
typical reporting levels. These typical reporting levels only count
organic HAP that are present at 0.1 percent or more by mass for OSHA-
defined carcinogens and at 1.0 percent or more by mass for other
compounds.
To determine the mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, printing,
thinning, and cleaning materials and the mass fraction of solids in
coating and printing materials, you could rely on manufacturer's
formulation data. You would not be required to perform tests or
analysis of the material if formulation data are available.
Alternatively, you could use results from the test methods listed
below. You may also use alternative test methods provided you get EPA
approval in accordance with the NESHAP General Provisions, 40 CFR
63.7(f). However, if there is any inconsistency between the test method
results (either EPA's or an approved alternative) and manufacturer's
data, the test method results would prevail for compliance and
enforcement purposes.
For mass fraction of organic HAP, you would use Method 311
of 40 CFR part 63, appendix A;
The proposed rule would allow you to use nonaqueous
volatile matter as a surrogate for organic HAP, which would include all
organic HAP plus all other organic compounds, and excluding water. If
you choose this option, you would use Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A; and
For mass fraction of solids, you would use Method 24 of 40
CFR part 60, appendix A.
The emission rate without add-on controls option is a pollution
prevention option where you can demonstrate compliance based on the
organic HAP contained in the mix of coating, printing, thinning, and
cleaning materials you use. This option allows you the flexibility to
use some individual coating or printing materials that do not
individually meet the emission limit if you use other low-HAP or non-
HAP coating or printing materials such that overall emissions from the
affected source during the compliance period meet the emission limit.
To demonstrate initial compliance with the emission rate limit
without add-on controls option, you would be required to:
Determine the quantity of each coating, printing,
thinning, and cleaning material you used.
Calculate the mass of organic HAP in each coating,
printing, thinning, and cleaning material using the same types of data
and methods previously described for the compliant material option.
Determine the mass fraction of solids for each coating and
printing material you used using the same types of data or methods
described for the compliant material option.
Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all materials
used and total mass of solids for all coating and printing materials
used. You may subtract from the total mass of organic HAP the amount
contained in waste materials you send to a hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facility regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264,
265, or 266.
Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic HAP to
the total mass of solids for the materials used.
Record the calculations and results and include them in
your Notification of Compliance Status.
Note that if you choose to use this option for a particular
coating/printing operation or group of operations rather than for an
entire affected source, you would calculate the organic HAP emission
rate using just the materials used in that operation or group. You
would need to separately demonstrate compliance for all other
operations in the affected source.
To demonstrate compliance with the proposed slashing emission
limits, you must use the compliant material option and demonstrate that
each slashing material used during the initial compliance period
contains no organic HAP. As was noted regarding thinning or cleaning
materials used in coating/printing operations, ``no organic HAP'' is
not intended to mean absolute zero. Materials that contain ``no organic
HAP'' should be interpreted to mean materials that contain organic HAP
levels below the levels specified in Sec. 63.4341(e) of the proposed
rule, which are typical reporting levels.
To demonstrate compliance with the proposed dyeing and finishing
emission limits, you would be required to demonstrate either that the
organic HAP content of each dyeing, finishing and cleaning material
meets the applicable emission limit (compliant material option) or that
the total mass of organic HAP in all dyeing, finishing and cleaning
materials used divided by the total mass of dyeing, finishing and
cleaning materials used meets the applicable emission limit (emission
rate without add-on controls option).
As previously described for coating/printing operations, the
compliant material option is a pollution prevention option that allows
you to

[[Page 46035]]

easily demonstrate compliance by using low-HAP or non-HAP dyeing,
finishing and cleaning materials. To demonstrate compliance with the
compliant material option, you would demonstrate that the organic HAP
content of each dyeing, finishing, and cleaning material meets the
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to the proposed subpart. To
determine the mass of organic HAP in dyeing, finishing and cleaning
materials, you may rely on manufacturer's formulation data. You would
not be required to perform tests or analysis of the material if
formulation data are available. Alternatively, you could use results
from the test methods listed below. You may also use alternative test
methods provided you get EPA approval in accordance with the NESHAP
General Provisions, 40 CFR 63.7(f). However, if there is any
inconsistency between the test method results (either EPA's or an
approved alternative) and manufacturer's data, the test method results
would prevail for compliance and enforcement purposes.
For mass fraction of organic HAP, you would use Method 311
of 40 CFR part 63, appendix A;
The proposed rule would allow you to use nonaqueous
volatile matter as a surrogate for organic HAP, which would include all
organic HAP plus all other organic compounds, and excluding water. If
you choose this option, you would use Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A.
Again as previously described for coating/printing operations, the
emission rate without add-on controls option is a pollution prevention
option where you can demonstrate compliance based on the organic HAP
contained in the mix of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials you
use. This option allows you more flexibility that the compliant
material option, but requires the calculation of the emission rate each
month. To demonstrate initial compliance with the emission rate without
add-on controls option, you would be required to:
Determine the mass of each dyeing, finishing and cleaning
material you used.
Calculate the mass of organic HAP in each dyeing,
finishing and cleaning material.
Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all materials
and the total mass of all materials used for the compliance period. You
may subtract from the total mass of organic HAP the amount contained in
waste materials you send to a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and
disposal facility regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic HAP in
the materials used to the total mass of materials used.
Record the calculations and results and include them in
your Notification of Compliance Status.
Note that if you choose to use this option for a particular dyeing/
finishing operation or group of operations rather than for an entire
affected source, you would calculate the organic HAP emission rate
using just the materials used in that operation or group. You would
need to separately demonstrate compliance for all other operations in
the affected source.
Compliance based on using a capture system and add-on control
device for coating and printing operations. If you use a capture system
and add-on control device on a coating/printing operation, other than a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material
balance, you would determine the capture and control efficiencies of
the equipment or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration. For the
organic HAP emission rate limit, you also would determine the mass
fraction of organic HAP and the mass fraction of solids in all
materials used during the month of the initial compliance period. You
would be required to demonstrate either that the organic HAP OCE is
greater than or equal to the applicable organic HAP OCE limit, that the
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration is no greater than 20 ppmv on
a dry basis and the efficiency of the capture system is 100 percent, or
that the capture and control system reduces organic HAP emissions to a
level no greater than the applicable emission rate limit.
If you use a solvent recovery system for which you conduct a
liquid-liquid material balance, you would be required to demonstrate
either that the organic HAP OCE determined by material balance during
the month of the initial compliance period is greater than or equal to
the applicable organic HAP OCE limit or that the solvent recovery
system reduces organic HAP emissions to a level no greater than the
applicable emission rate limit.
The proposed testing and initial compliance requirements associated
with determining the OCE of the capture system and add-on control
device are summarized in the following paragraphs.
If you use a capture system and add-on control device, other than a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct material balances, you
would be required to conduct an initial performance test to determine
the capture and control efficiencies of the equipment (or the capture
efficiency of the capture system and the oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration) and to establish operating limits to be achieved on a
continuous basis. The performance test would have to be completed no
later than the compliance date for existing sources and 180 days after
the compliance date for new and reconstructed sources. If you are
demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission rate limit with
add-on controls, you would need to schedule the performance test in
time to obtain the results for use in calculating your emission rate
for the month of the initial compliance period.
You would determine both the efficiency of the capture system and
either the organic HAP emission reduction efficiency of the add-on
control device or the outlet organic HAP concentration of the oxidizer.
To determine the capture efficiency, you would either verify the
presence of a PTE using EPA Method 204 of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M
(and all materials must be applied and dried or cured within the
enclosure); or use one of three protocols in proposed Sec. 63.4365 to
measure capture efficiency. If you have a PTE and all regulated
materials are applied and dried or cured within the enclosure and you
route all exhaust gases from the enclosure to an add-on control device,
then you would assume 100 percent capture. To demonstrate compliance
with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration limit, 100 percent
capture is required.
To determine the organic HAP emission reduction efficiency of the
add-on control device, you would conduct measurements of the inlet and
outlet gas streams. Only the outlet gas stream would be measured to
determine outlet concentration. The performance test would consist of
three runs, each run lasting 1 hour, using the following EPA Methods in
40 CFR part 60, appendix A:
Method 1 or 1A for selection of the sampling sites.
Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the gas
volumetric flow rate.
Method 3, 3A, or 3B for gas analysis to determine dry
molecular weight. You may also use as an alternative to Method 3B, the
manual method for measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon
monoxide content of exhaust gas in ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981.
Method 4 to determine stack moisture.
Method 25 or 25A to determine organic volatile matter
concentration. You would use Method 25A to demonstrate compliance with
the oxidizer outlet organic HAP

[[Page 46036]]

concentration limit because the limit is less than 50 ppmw.
Alternatively, any other test method or data that have been validated
according to the applicable procedures in Method 301 of 40 CFR part 63,
appendix A, and approved by the Administrator, could be used.
If you use a solvent recovery system, you could determine the OCE
using a liquid-liquid material balance instead of conducting an initial
performance test. If you use the material balance alternative, you
would be required to measure the amount of all materials used during
the month of the initial compliance period and determine the total
volatile matter contained in these materials. You would also measure
the amount of volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery system
during the compliance period. Then you would compare the amount
recovered to the amount used to determine the OCE. You would record the
calculations and results and include them in your Notification of
Compliance Status.
Additional proposed testing and initial compliance requirements
associated with demonstrating compliance using the emission rate with
add-on controls option are as follows:
Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP in each
coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning material used and the mass
fraction of solids in coating and printing materials used during the
month of the initial compliance period, as described previously in
``Compliance based on materials used in the affected source.''
Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all materials
and total mass of solids for all coating and printing materials. You
may subtract from the total mass of organic HAP the amount contained in
waste materials you send to a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and
disposal facility regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
Calculate the organic HAP emission reductions from the
controlled coating or printing operations using the capture and control
efficiencies determined during the performance test or the materials
balance for the month and the total mass of organic HAP in materials
used in controlled coating and printing operations.
Calculate the ratio of the total mass of HAP emissions to
the total mass of solids for the materials used during the month of the
initial compliance period.
Record the calculations and results and include them in
your Notification of Compliance Status.
Develop and implement a work practice plan to minimize
emissions from storage, mixing, and handling of organic HAP-containing
materials.
Operating limits. As mentioned above, you would establish operating
limits as part of the initial performance test of a capture system and
add-on control device, other than a solvent recovery system for which
you conduct liquid-liquid material balances. The operating limits are
the minimum or maximum (as applicable) values achieved for capture
systems and add-on control devices during the performance test,
conducted under representative conditions, that demonstrated compliance
with the emission limits.
The proposed rule specifies the parameters to monitor for the types
of emission control systems commonly used in the industry. You would be
required to install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate all
monitoring equipment according to the manufacturer's specifications and
ensure that the continuous parameter monitoring systems (CPMS) meet the
requirements in Sec. 63.4374 of the proposed rule. If you use add-on
control devices other than those identified in the proposed rule, you
would submit the operating parameters to be monitored to the
Administrator for approval. The authority to approve the parameters to
be monitored is retained by EPA and is not delegated to States.
If you use a thermal or catalytic oxidizer, you would continuously
monitor the appropriate temperature and record it at least every 15
minutes. For thermal oxidizers, the temperature monitor is placed in
the firebox or in the duct immediately downstream of the firebox before
any substantial heat exchange occurs. The operating limit would be the
average temperature measured during the performance test, and for each
consecutive 3-hour period the average temperature would have to be at
or above this limit. For catalytic oxidizers, temperature monitors are
placed immediately before and after the catalyst bed. The operating
limits would be the average temperature just before the catalyst bed
and the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed during
the performance test. For each 3-hour period, the average temperature
and the average temperature difference would have to be at or above
these limits. Alternatively, you would be allowed to meet only the
temperature limit before the catalyst bed if you develop and implement
an inspection and maintenance plan that includes periodic catalyst
activity checks.
If you use a carbon adsorber and do not conduct liquid-liquid
material balances to demonstrate compliance, you would monitor the
carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and the total amount of
steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed for each regeneration. The
operating limits would be the carbon bed temperature (not to be
exceeded) and the amount of steam or nitrogen used for desorption (to
be met as a minimum).
If you use a condenser and do not conduct liquid-liquid material
balances to demonstrate compliance, you would monitor the outlet gas
temperature to ensure that the air stream is being cooled to a low
enough temperature. The operating limit would be the average condenser
outlet gas temperature measured during the performance test, and for
each consecutive 3-hour period the average temperature would have to be
at or below this limit.
If you use a concentrator, you would monitor the desorption
concentrate stream gas temperature and the pressure drop of the dilute
stream across the concentrator. These values would be recorded at least
once every 15 minutes. The operating limits would be the average
temperature (to be met as a minimum) and the average pressure drop (not
to be exceeded) measured during the performance test.
For each capture system that is not a PTE, you would establish
operating limits for gas volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure
for each enclosure or capture device. The operating limit would be the
average volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure during the
performance test to be met as a minimum. For each capture system that
is a PTE, the operating limit would require the average facial velocity
of air through all natural draft openings to be at least 200 feet per
minute or the pressure drop across the enclosure to be at least 0.007
inch water.
Work practices. If you use a capture system and add-on control
device for compliance, you would be required to develop and implement
on an ongoing basis a work practice plan for minimizing organic HAP
emissions to the atmosphere from storage, mixing, material handling,
and waste handling operations. This plan would include a description of
all steps taken to minimize emissions from these sources (e.g., using
closed storage containers, practices to minimize emissions during
filling and transfer of contents from containers, using spill
minimization techniques, placing solvent-laden cloths in closed
containers immediately after use, etc.). You would have to make the
plan available for inspection if the Administrator requests to see it.
Operations during startup, shutdown, or malfunction. If you use a
capture

[[Page 46037]]

system and add-on control device for compliance, you would be required
to develop and operate according to a SSMP during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and add-on control
device.

G. What Are the Continuous Compliance Provisions?

Emission limits. If you demonstrate compliance with the proposed
emission limits for slashing based on the materials used (compliant
material option), you would demonstrate continuous compliance if, for
each monthly compliance period, the organic HAP content of each
slashing material used meets the emission limits. You would use
manufacturer's data to demonstrate compliance each month as you did for
the initial compliance period.
If you demonstrate compliance with the proposed emission limits for
coating and printing based on the materials used, you would demonstrate
continuous compliance if, for each monthly compliance period, either
you use only coating and printing materials that meet the applicable
emission limit and only non-HAP thinning and cleaning materials
(compliant material option); or that the ratio of total mass of organic
HAP to total mass of solids in coating and printing materials used is
less than or equal to the emission limits (emission rate without add-on
controls option). You would follow the same procedures for calculating
the organic HAP to coating and printing solids ratio that you used for
the initial compliance period.
If you demonstrate compliance with the proposed emission limits for
dyeing and finishing based on the materials used, you would demonstrate
continuous compliance if, for each monthly compliance period, either
the organic HAP content of each dyeing, finishing and cleaning material
meets the applicable emission limit (compliant material option) or the
total mass of organic HAP in all dyeing, finishing and cleaning
materials used divided by the total mass of dyeing, finishing and
cleaning materials used meets the applicable emission limit (emission
rate without add-on controls option). You would follow the same
procedures for determining the mass of organic HAP in all materials
used during the month that you used for the initial compliance period.
For each coating or printing operation on which you use a capture
system and add-on control device, other than solvent recovery for which
you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, the continuous parameter
monitoring results for each month would affect your compliance
determination. If the monitoring results indicate no deviations from
the operating limits and there were no bypasses of the add-on control
device, you would assume the capture system and add-on control device
are achieving the same emission reduction as they did during the
performance test in which the operating limits were established. If you
are demonstrating compliance with either the organic HAP OCE option or
the emission rate with add-on controls option, you would then apply the
OCE to the total mass of organic HAP in materials used in controlled
coating or printing operations to determine the monthly mass of organic
HAP emissions from those operations. If there were any deviations from
the operating limits during the month or any bypasses of the add-on
control device, you would account for them in the calculation of the
applicable emission rate by assuming the capture system and add-on
control device were achieving zero emission reduction during the
periods of deviation.
For each coating and printing operation on which you use a solvent
recovery system and conduct a liquid-liquid material balance each
month, you would use the liquid-liquid material balance to determine
the emission rate. You would be required to measure the amount of all
materials used during each month and determine the volatile matter
content of these materials. You would also measure the amount of
volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery system during the
month and calculate the weight percent of organic HAP used that was
emitted to determine compliance with the organic HAP OCE option. If you
are complying with the emission rate with add-on controls option, you
would apply the OCE to the total mass of organic HAP in the materials
used to determine total organic HAP emissions as input to the
compliance demonstration.
Operating limits. If you use an emission capture system and add-on
control device, the proposed rule would require you to achieve on a
continuous basis the operating limits you establish during the
performance test. If the continuous monitoring shows that the capture
system and add-on control device are operating outside the range of
values established during the performance test, you have deviated from
the established operating limits.
If you operate a capture system and add-on control device with
bypass lines that could allow emissions to bypass the add-on control
device, you would have to demonstrate that organic HAP emissions
collected by the capture system are routed to the add-on control device
by monitoring for potential bypass of the add-on control device. You
may choose from the following four monitoring procedures:
Flow control position indicator to provide a record of
whether the exhaust stream is directed to the add-on control device;
Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures to secure the
bypass line valve in the closed position when the add-on control device
is operating;
Valve closure continuous monitoring to ensure any bypass
line valve or damper is closed when the add-on control device is
operating; or
Automatic shutdown system to stop the coating or printing
operation when flow is diverted from the add-on control device.
A deviation would occur for any period of time the bypass
monitoring procedures indicate that emissions are not routed to the
add-on control device.
Work practices. If you use an emission capture system and add-on
control device for compliance, you would be required to implement on an
ongoing basis the work practice plan you developed during the initial
compliance period. If you did not develop a plan for reducing organic
HAP emissions or you do not implement the plan, this would be a
deviation from the work practice standard.
Operations during startup, shutdown, and malfunction. If you use a
capture system and add-on control device for compliance, you would be
required to develop and operate according to a SSMP during periods of
startup, shutdown, and malfunction of the capture system and add-on
control device.

H. What Are the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?

You would be required to comply with the applicable requirements in
the NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as
described in the proposed rule. The General Provisions notification
requirements include: initial notifications, notification of
performance test if you are complying using a capture system and add-on
control device, notification of compliance status, and additional
notifications required for affected sources with continuous monitoring
systems. The General Provisions also require certain records and
periodic reports.
Initial notifications. If you own or operate an existing affected
source, you would be required to send a notification

[[Page 46038]]

to the EPA Regional Office in the region where your affected source is
located and to your State agency no later than [DATE 1 YEAR FROM DATE
OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. For new and
reconstructed sources, you would send the notification within 120 days
after the date of initial startup or [DATE 120 DAYS FROM DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is
later. The report notifies us and your State agency that you have an
existing affected source that is subject to the proposed standards, or
that you have constructed a new affected source. Thus, it allows you
and the permitting authority to plan for compliance activities. You
would also need to send a notification of planned construction or
reconstruction of a source that would be subject to the proposed rule
and apply for approval to construct or reconstruct.
Notification of performance test. If you demonstrate compliance by
using a capture system and add-on control device for which you do not
conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you would conduct a
performance test. The performance test would be required no later than
the compliance date for an existing affected source. For a new or
reconstructed affected source, the performance test would be required
no later than 180 days after initial startup or [180 DAYS FROM DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register], whichever is
later. You must notify us (or the delegated State or local agency) at
least 60 calendar days before the performance test is scheduled to
begin and submit a report of the performance test results no later than
60 days after the test.
Notification of compliance status. You would send us a Notification
of Compliance Status within 30 days after the end of the initial
compliance period. In the notification, you would certify whether each
affected source has complied with the proposed standards, identify the
option(s) you used to demonstrate initial compliance, summarize the
data and calculations supporting the compliance demonstration, and
provide information on any deviations from the emission limits,
operating limits, or other requirements.
If you elect to comply by using a capture system and add-on control
device for which you conduct performance tests, you must provide the
results of the tests. Your notification would also include the measured
range of each monitored parameter, the operating limits established
during the performance test, and information showing whether the source
has complied with its operating limits during the initial compliance
period.
Recordkeeping requirements. You would be required to keep records
of reported information and all other information necessary to document
compliance with the proposed rule for 5 years. As required under the
General Provisions, records for the 2 most recent years must be kept
on-site; the other 3 years' records may be kept off-site. Records
pertaining to the design and operation of the emission control and
monitoring equipment must be kept for the life of the equipment.
You would need to keep all documentation supporting initial
notifications and notifications of compliance status.
If your affected source is complying with the slashing emission
limits, you would need to keep records of the organic HAP content of
each slashing material as purchased.
Depending on the compliance option that you choose for your
affected source complying with the dyeing and finishing or coating and
printing emission limits, you would need to keep records of the
following:
Organic HAP content, volatile matter content, coating and
printing materials solids content, and quantity of the dyeing,
finishing, coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials used
during each compliance period.
For the emission rate (with or without add-on controls)
compliance options, calculations of your emission rate for each
compliance period.
If your affected source is in the coating and printing subcategory
and you demonstrate compliance by using a capture system and add-on
control device, you would also need to keep records of the following:
All required measurements, calculations, and supporting
documentation needed to demonstrate compliance with the standards.
All results of performance tests and parameter monitoring.
All information necessary to demonstrate conformance with
your plan for minimizing emissions from mixing, storage, and waste
handling operations.
All information necessary to demonstrate conformance with
the affected source's SSMP when the plan procedures are followed.
The occurrence and duration of each startup, shutdown, or
malfunction of the emission capture system and add-on control device.
Actions taken during startup, shutdown, and malfunction
that are different from the procedures specified in the affected
source's SSMP.
Each period during which a CPMS is malfunctioning or
inoperative (including out-of-control periods).
The proposed rule would require you to collect and keep records
according to certain minimum data requirements for the CPMS. Failure to
collect and keep the specified minimum data would be a deviation that
is separate from any emission limits, operating limits, or work
practice standards.
Deviations, as determined from these records, would need to be
recorded and also reported. A deviation is any instance when any
requirement or obligation established by the proposed rule including,
but not limited to, the emission limits, operating limits, and work
practice standards, is not met.
If you use a capture system and add-on control device to reduce
organic HAP emissions, you would have to make your SSMP available for
inspection if the Administrator requests to see it. The plan would stay
in your records for the life of the affected source or until the source
is no longer subject to the proposed standards. If you revise the plan,
you would need to keep the previous superseded versions on record for 5
years following the revision.
Periodic reports. Each reporting year is divided into two
semiannual reporting periods. If no deviations occur during a
semiannual reporting period, you would submit a semiannual report
stating that the affected source has been in continuous compliance. If
deviations occur, you would include them in the report as follows:
Report each deviation from the emission limit.
Report each deviation from the work practice standards if
you use an emission capture system and add-on control device.
If you use an emission capture system and add-on control
device other than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct
liquid-liquid material balances, report each deviation from an
operating limit and each time a bypass line diverts emissions from the
add-on control device to the atmosphere.
Report other specific information on the periods of time
the deviations occurred.
You would also have to include in each semiannual report an
identification of the compliance option(s) you used for each affected
source and any time periods when you changed to another compliance
option.
Other reports. You would be required to submit reports for periods
of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture

[[Page 46039]]

system and add-on control device. If the procedures you follow during
any startup, shutdown, or malfunction are inconsistent with your SSMP,
you would report those procedures with your semiannual reports in
addition to immediate reports required by 40 CFR 63.10(d)(5)(ii).
Electronic reporting option. Comments are invited on the option of
voluntary electronic reporting for all reporting requirements in the
proposed rule. The option would allow the use of the Internet to meet
the reporting requirements of the proposed rule. You would be allowed
to choose the option to submit all reports electronically in lieu of
filing written reports. The electronic records submittals would need to
include all the information that otherwise would be submitted in
written reports. The electronic submittals would be via electronic data
interchange and would use Data Exchange Templates (DET). The DET or
electronic forms will be used to ``tag'' data elements, which will
allow reporting of the information to EPA. You would submit the
electronic forms through EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX). We would
supply the required data elements, and you would be responsible for
submitting the data appropriately ``tagged.'' If the rule were
delegated to State, local or tribal agencies for implementation and
enforcement, EPA would coordinate with the delegated agencies to
provide them with either the electronic information or a hard copy of
the required report.
Under this proposed electronic reporting option, it would be
necessary to establish: (1) That an electronic document was sent (or
not sent); (2) when the document was sent; (3) by whom the document was
sent, and including both the individual who sent it and the identity of
the entity the individual is authorized to represent; (4) when the
document was received; (5) that the document was not altered from the
time it was sent to the time it was received; and (6) the contents of
the document sent.
Specifically, we request comment on the concept of electronic
reporting, advantages to the regulated community by reducing reporting
burdens; cost or cost savings; advantages or disadvantages to State/
local/tribal agencies; and difficulties to be overcome in the
implementation of electronic reporting.

III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards

A. How did We Select The Source Category and Subcategories?

Printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics (changed by today's action
to printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics and other textiles) is a
source category that is on the list of source categories to be
regulated because it contains major sources which emit or have the
potential to emit at least 10 tons of any one HAP or at least 25 tons
of any combination of HAP annually. The proposed rule would control HAP
emissions from both new and existing major sources. Area sources are
not being regulated under the proposed rule.
Printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics as described in the
initial listing includes any affected source engaged in those
activities. We also have found that slashing and finishing operations
in printing, coating and dyeing sources have the potential to emit
major source levels of organic HAP. We use the product lists contained
in the NAICS code descriptions to describe the vast array of products
composed of or containing fabric, textiles, yarn, fiber, cord, or
thread that has been coated, printed, slashed, dyed or finished.
We intend the source category to include sources for which fabric
and other textiles coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing is
either their principal activity or an integral part of a production
process that is the principal activity. Many coating, printing,
slashing, dyeing and finishing operations are located at plant sites
that are dedicated to these activities. However, some are located at
sites for which some other activity is principal, such as production of
sheets and towels or rubber belt manufacturing. Collocated coating,
printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing operations comparable to the
types and sizes of the dedicated affected sources, in terms of the
affected operation and applicable emission control techniques, are
included in the source category.
The source category does not include research or laboratory
facilities; janitorial, building, and facility maintenance operations;
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing operations in which
no organic HAP-containing materials are used; or coating, printing,
slashing, dyeing or finishing used by a facility and not for commerce,
unless organic HAP emissions from the coating, printing, slashing,
dyeing or finishing operations are at major source levels.
Subcategory selection. The statute gives us discretion to determine
if and how to subcategorize. Once the floor has been determined for new
or reconstructed and existing affected sources for a source category or
subcategory, we must set MACT standards that are no less stringent than
the MACT floor. Such standards must then be met by all sources within
the source category or subcategory. A subcategory is a group of similar
sources within a given source category. As part of the regulatory
development process, we evaluate the similarities and differences
between industry segments or groups of affected sources comprising a
source category. In establishing subcategories, we consider factors
such as process operations (type of process, raw materials, chemistry/
formulation data, associated equipment, and final products); emission
characteristics (amount and type of HAP); add-on control device
applicability; and opportunities for pollution prevention. We may also
consider existing rules or guidance from States and other regulatory
agencies in determining subcategories.
After reviewing survey responses from the industry, facility site
visit reports, and information received from stakeholder meetings, we
found that the printing, coating, and dyeing of fabrics and other
textiles source category may be grouped into three subcategories with
differing material application and performance requirements, emission
characteristics, applicable add-on emission controls and pollution
prevention opportunities. The three subcategories are: (1) Coating and
printing, (2) slashing, and (3) dyeing and finishing. The following
paragraphs include descriptions of each subcategory.
Coating and printing subcategory. The coating and printing
subcategory includes affected sources that apply coatings to or print
textile substrates. The coating and printing manufacturing processes,
HAP emissions, and types of controls in use sufficiently set them apart
from the other processes that are used in the manufacture of textile
products to warrant a subcategory. Coating is a web coating operation,
and the physical operations and most sources performing coating are
separate and distinct from the other textile operations. Many coating
operations are subject to State reasonably available control technology
requirements or to the polymeric coating of supporting substrates NSPS
(40 CFR part 60, subpart VVV) and have installed emission control
systems for VOC. Since a number of the VOC emitted from

[[Page 46040]]

coating operations are also organic HAP (e.g., toluene, MEK, xylene,
and methanol), the VOC emission control systems in place are also
effective for controlling organic HAP emissions. Printing is a web
process very similar to coating and uses some of the same equipment.
The application and drying of printing materials and the organic HAP
emission sources are identical or nearly identical to coating, and,
therefore, the control options and limits for coating would be
applicable to printing as well.
Coating is a specialized chemical finishing technique designed to
produce textiles to meet high performance requirements, e.g., for end
products such as tents, roofing, soft baggage, marine fabric, drapery
linings, flexible hoses, hot-air balloons, and awnings. Coatings
generally impart elasticity to substrates, as well as resistance to one
or more elements such as abrasion, water, chemicals, heat, fire, and
oil. The substrate itself provides strength (such as tear strength) and
can include wovens, nonwovens, knits, yarn, cord, and thread, although
woven fabrics are most commonly used.
Printing is the application of color to a substrate in a design or
pattern. In some cases, the printing material is chemically the same as
coating material only thinned to a lower viscosity. There are typically
four types of printing, including rotary screen, engraved roller, flat-
bed screen, and heat transfer. Rotary screen and engraved roller
closely resemble coating and use principally the same type of equipment
as coating. Flat-bed screen is typically not a high production
technique and does not emit large quantities of HAP over a period of
time given the limits of production. Heat transfer emits little or no
HAP in the transfer of the print to the substrate.
Both the substrates coated and printed as well as the coatings
themselves vary. A number of different substrates can be coated
including rayon, nylon, polyester, cotton, and blends. Coating
chemicals used vary depending on end use of the coated substrate.
Examples of coating chemicals include vinyl, urethane, silicone, and
styrene-butadiene rubber. The polymer can be bought in various forms
such as chunks, blocks, chips, pellets or fine powder. However, besides
the polymer resins, several other chemicals can also be included in the
prepared coating. These include plasticizers to increase pliability
(e.g., fatty acids, alcohols), solvents to disperse solids and adjust
viscosity (e.g., toluene, xylene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and MEK),
pigments, curing agents, and fillers (e.g., carbon black and teflon).
Rubber coating materials are frequently compounded in the facility
performing the coating. Manmade fibers coated with epoxy or phenolic
resins are often not immediately cured following application, but are
first laid in a mold and then cured under pressure to form a composite
structure.
The coating or printing process generally is made up of the
following unit operations: mixing the coating or printing materials
(including the solvents), conditioning the substrate, applying the
coating or printing materials to the substrate, evaporating the solvent
in a drying oven and sometimes curing or vulcanizing by exposure to
heat, and cleaning coating or printing operation equipment. A coating
or printing operation with coating or printing material drying or
curing at ambient conditions is not coating or printing for the purpose
of the proposed subpart. Therefore, a coating or printing operation
that does not dry or cure the applied coating or printing material by
exposure to heat is not subject to the requirements of the proposed
subpart.
The application processes used by affected sources in the industry
are similar in that they use continuous web coating techniques, but
they include several types of coating and substrates. The coating
industry treats coating as a surface applied coating in which a
distinct layer of coating is applied to the textile surface.
Slashing subcategory. The slashing subcategory includes affected
sources that perform slashing operations. The slashing equipment,
emission characteristics, and opportunities for pollution prevention in
the industry are distinct from those in the rest of the fabric and
other textiles coating, printing, and dyeing source category,
warranting a separate subcategory.
Slashing is a yarn preparation process performed on warp yarn prior
to weaving. Warp yarns need to sustain their elongation and flexibility
during the weaving process, which necessitates the slashing process. In
the slashing process, large rolls (beams) of warp yarn are passed
through a size box containing the aqueous sizing compound. Squeeze
rolls remove excess solution and the yarn then passes through a drying
unit that usually consists of steam filled dry cans (rollers) or an
oven and then through a series of separator bars to prevent the ends
from sticking together. After the separation process, the warp is then
wound onto the loom beam. Some mills perform desizing. During the
desizing step, at the end of the textile process, most of the sizing
(slashing material) is removed from the textile by washing and the
sizing is present in the wastewater.
The objectives of slashing are to strengthen, smooth the outer
surface, and lubricate the yarn. The chemical nature of the size
applied is dependent on the yarn substrate and the type of weaving
being used. The three main types of size currently used are natural
products (starch), fully synthetic products (e.g., PVA), and
semisynthetic blends (e.g., modified starches and carboxymethyl
cellulose (CMC)).
When starch or modified starch is the sizing compound, there is
water but no HAP emitted from the slashing process. Starch is used
principally on cotton, but does not work well on synthetic fibers.
Also, starch is not more widely used and is not a good substitute for
synthetic sizing because of water pollution concerns. Starch greatly
increases the biological oxygen demand and cannot be partially
recycled.
The PVA and CMC are typically recycled when possible to reduce
water treatment and water pollution. The CMC is not as widely used as
starch and PVA because of the cost of the material. The CMC is not as
effective in the slashing process on cotton and synthetic textiles as
starch, modified starches, or PVA, respectively.
The primary source of HAP emissions from slashing is methanol from
PVA size, typically applied to synthetics (although it adheres to and
is used for natural fibers as well). The methanol is present in the PVA
size as a contaminant and is not needed for the slashing process. The
methanol emissions can arise either from the size cooking operation
and/or from the application or slashing process; the distribution is
unclear, although it will depend upon the temperature at which the size
is cooked, the cooking time, and how often mixing containers (cookers)
are opened. These processes are not presently regulated by Federal,
State or local agencies, and there are no known HAP emission capture or
add-on control systems in use on size cooking or slashing processes.
However, information submitted to us from suppliers representing
approximately 74 percent of the domestic market for PVA indicate that
PVA with less than 1 percent methanol is readily available, and these
suppliers are now changing their production to supply the lower HAP
material.
Dyeing and finishing subcategory. The dyeing and finishing
subcategory includes affected sources that perform dyeing and/or
finishing operations. The process operations, materials and the organic
HAP emissions sufficiently set these processes apart from the other

[[Page 46041]]

processes that are used in the manufacture of textile products to
warrant a subcategory. Dyeing and finishing processes both use various
types of aqueous materials, the choice of which depends on the type of
substrate and the desired properties in the end product. Many affected
sources perform both dyeing and finishing and use some common equipment
(e.g., tenter frames) for unit operations in both processes. In some
cases, the finishes are applied to the substrate wet from the dyeing
process, and no drying is done until after the finish application. No
add-on organic HAP emission controls are known to be in use on dyeing
processes and very few on finishing processes. The few add-on emission
controls used on finishing processes were installed to control opacity
and are not effective at controlling organic HAP emissions. The
similarities of process operation equipment, sources of organic HAP
emissions (many of which are fugitive), absence of add-on HAP emission
controls and opportunities for pollution prevention in the dyeing and
finishing industry lend these operations well to subcategorization for
the purpose of determining emission limits.
Dyeing is the application of color to the whole body of a textile
material with some degree of color fastness. Textiles are dyed using
continuous and batch processes, and dyeing may take place at any of
several stages in the manufacturing process (i.e., prior to fiber
extrusion, fiber in staple form, yarn, fabric, garment). Most of the
dyeing is done in finishing departments of basic manufacturing sources,
although there are also several commission dyehouses. From an
environmental perspective, dyeing has typically been viewed as a
wastewater issue due to large quantities of water, chemicals, and
auxiliaries (such as salt) used.
Dyeing is essentially a mass transfer process where the dye
diffuses in solution, adsorbs onto the fiber surface, and finally,
within the fiber. Dyeing is complicated by the fact that there are many
sources of color variations, such as dyes, substrate, preparation of
substrate, dyeing auxiliaries used, and water. Processing variables
such as time, temperature, and dye liquor ratio (lbs of dyebath to lbs
of cloth) also affect dyeing results. There are hundreds of dyes within
several dye classes, each of which exhibits different results when
applied to different types of substrates.
Various types of dyeing machines are used for both continuous and
batch processes. Every dye system has different characteristics in
terms of factors such as versatility, cost, tension of substrate, use
of carriers and weight limitations. Dyeing systems can be aqueous,
nonaqueous (inorganic solvents), or use sublimation (thermosal, heat
transfer). Hydrophilic fibers such as cotton, rayon, wool, and silk are
typically easier to dye as compared with hydrophobic fibers such as
acetate, polyesters, polyamides, and polyacrylonotriles.
The four basic steps in the dyeing process are: dissolving or
dispersing dye, diffusing dye onto the fiber surface, absorbing dye
onto the fiber surface, and diffusing dye into the fiber. Batch dyeing
involves moving the dye liquor through the goods or moving the goods
through the dye liquor. The substrate is immersed in the dyebath during
the entire period of dyeing. In batch dyeing, a certain amount of
substrate, usually 220 to 2,200 lbs, is loaded onto a dyeing machine
and is brought to equilibrium or near equilibrium with a solution
containing the dye. Once immersed in the dye bath, because the dyes
have an affinity for the fibers, the dye molecules leave the dye
solution and enter the fibers over a period of minutes to hours.
Auxiliary chemicals and controlled dyebath conditions (mainly
temperature) accelerate and optimize the action. The dye is fixed in
the fiber using heat and/or chemicals after which the substrate is
washed to remove unfixed dyes and chemicals. There is a trend to use
lower liquor ratios (lbs of dyebath to lbs of cloth) in batch dyeing,
which lends benefits such as faster heating/cooling and less waste.
Batch equipment can usually be purchased as atmospheric (operated below
212 degrees Fahrenheit) or pressurized (operated to about 280 degrees
Fahrenheit) machines. Most batch dyeing is being done using pressurized
machines, although some sources use atmospheric machines, especially
for dyeing. Atmospheric dyeing might be required for fleeces and
stretch fabrics, such as Lycra, which typically cannot be
dyed using jet equipment. Dyeing processes in pressurized machines
release no organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere since the process is
totally enclosed, and the pressure is released at the end of the dyeing
process by cooling the dye bath which is subsequently drained before
opening the dyeing machine. However, in some cases, the drying of the
pressure-dyed substrate releases HAP emissions.
Continuous processes typically consist of dye application, dye
fixation with chemicals or heat, and washing. Almost all continuous
dyeing is done at atmospheric pressure. Continuous dyeing is usually
used for long runs of polyester/cotton fabrics and involves immersing
fabrics in a relatively concentrated dyebath for short periods.
Substrate is fed continuously into a dye range at speeds usually
between 540 and 2,690 feet per minute, and a concentrated solution of
dyes and chemicals (held in pads) is moved evenly and uniformly to the
goods with thorough penetration. A pad mangle helps apply pressure to
squeeze dye solution into the fabric, and the dye is usually diffused
or fixed by heating in a steamer or oven. Dye fixation on fiber occurs
much more rapidly in continuous dyeing as compared to batch dyeing.
After fabrics are dyed, they are dried in ovens or tenter frames after
washing to remove un-reacted chemical or loose dye. A substrate that is
processed through atmospheric batch dyeing is not dried at the dye
range; it is sent to finishing and may be finished wet or dry.
Various classes of dyes can be used, e.g., disperse for synthetics
and direct for cellulosics. Dyes used in the textile industry are
mostly synthetic and are derived from coal tar and petroleum-based
derivatives. Dyes are sold as powders, granules, pastes, liquid
dispersions, and solutions. Not only are dyes applied in different
ways, they also impart color using different mechanisms. Dyes can be
classified according to chemical constitution or method of application.
Dyestuffs can work on principles of electrostatic bonding, covalent
bonding, or physical entrapment. For example, acid dyes work through
the mechanism of electrostatic bonding, whereas disperse dyes work by
physical entrapment. Different dye classes exhibit different affinities
depending on the type of fiber, although even dyes within the same
classes can show wide affinity variations. They also exhibit different
properties such as their fastness under end use conditions (e.g.,
light, laundering, or dry cleaning).
Various combinations of chemical auxiliaries and process conditions
(temperature and pressure) may be used to better fix the dye on the
textile or impart specific characteristics. For example, a dye bath may
contain the dyestuffs along with appropriate auxiliaries such as
wetting agents and also specific chemicals such as acetic acid or
sodium hydroxide. The use of higher temperatures and superatmospheric
pressures have reduced the need for dye carriers (chemical accelerants)
that were required at lower temperatures for the use of disperse dyes
on synthetic substrates, such as polyester.
The sources of HAP emissions from dyeing are the HAP constituents
that are

[[Page 46042]]

contained in dyestuffs and auxiliary chemicals as purchased. The HAP
constituents are needed to impart certain desirable characteristics to
the dyed substrate (e.g., certain colors can only be attained through
the use of HAP-containing dyestuffs or auxiliaries.) No HAP are known
to be added by the users. The fraction of HAP contained in dye
materials that are emitted to the atmosphere are generally estimated to
range from zero to 10 percent, but have been reported as high as 100
percent, and depend on the characteristics of the specific HAP
constituents and the pressures and temperatures that the HAP are
exposed to in the dyeing process operations. The fraction of HAP
emitted to the atmosphere from dye materials have not been confirmed by
test data. Most HAP constituents are believed to be rinsed from the
substrate before the substrate is dried, because drying a substrate
with unattached dye would adversely affect the quality of the dyed
product.
Finishing refers to any process operation performed after
bleaching, dyeing, or printing that improves the appearance and/or
usefulness of a textile substrate. Finishing encompasses any of several
mechanical (e.g., texturizing, napping) and chemical processes (e.g.,
optical finishes, softeners, urea-formaldehyde resins for crease
resistance) performed on fiber, yarn, or fabric to improve its
appearance, texture, or performance. The organic HAP emission sources
from finishing are specific chemical compounds that may be applied and
released during subsequent drying and curing operations. Chemical
finishing is also referred to as wet finishing. No chemicals are used
in mechanical or dry finishing.
The textile is usually dried prior to chemical finishing using
either convective (hot air) or conductive (heated cans) methods.
Chemical finishing is commonly done on a continuous finishing range
(pad and tenter frame). The textile is passed through an aqueous
solution containing the finishing chemical(s) and auxiliaries. After
treatment, the textile is typically passed through an oven to drive off
water and activate/cure finishing chemicals. It is important to note
that there is no set recipe for the chemical finishes or mechanical
finishing processes applied to any given substrate. Finishing methods
are used according to desired characteristics of the end product (which
vary widely and are market driven), and the firms themselves have some
amount of flexibility in the specific processes or chemicals they
choose to use for a particular function.
The industry uses numerous categories of proprietary chemical
speciality products that are used as chemical finishes. Some examples
of chemical finish classes include:
Resin finishes (permanent press) are used on cotton or
rayon to minimize the need to iron by keeping the fabric smooth after
washing and drying. Most resins contain formaldehyde; resins without
formaldehyde are typically much costlier and adversely affect product
quality.
Softeners are used with resins to improve the way the
fabric feels by breaking down hardness or stiffness.
Stain resist finishes are used extensively on carpets and
upholstery fabrics. Soil release finishes allow soils and stains to be
removed by laundering.
Water repellants used to prevent fabrics from being wet
out (breathable, unlike waterproofing agents) include, but are not
limited to, wax, silicone, and fluorine.
Flame retardant qualities can be achieved by using special
fibers or phosphorus-based finishes.
Antistatic agents decrease or eliminate static electricity
in textiles.
Handbuilders give the fabrics body or stiffness. Other
examples of types of chemical finishes include anticreasing agents,
deodorants, moth resisting agents, oil repellants, rust preventatives,
and shrinkage controllers. Some companies use more specialized finishes
like electrical finishes and teflon. Because there are
typically a wide variety of choices of chemical finishes that can be
used within each finish class, it is often difficult to tag finishes
used in certain classes as always toxic or nontoxic. In certain cases,
as in the case of permanent press finishes, most of the resins used
contain formaldehyde, although low or non-formaldehyde finishes are
being developed to suit certain applications.
There are also several different types of mechanical finishing
techniques. For example, heatsetting can be done to improve dimensional
stability in synthetic textiles. Shearing involves using rotary
blade(s) to trim raised surfaces and reduce pilling. Other examples
include embossing, glazing, sueding, and polishing.
Many chemical and mechanical alternatives are available for every
finishing operation, but the specific nature and applicability of these
is unclear. Some mechanical finishes and design alternatives can avoid
chemical processing. For example for softness, enzyme softening of
cotton and other mechanical alternatives can be used. Proper use and
application of N-methylol crosslinkers can minimize formaldehyde
releases. Mechanical finishing (compacting) can also eliminate use of
the crosslinker. Some crosslinkers that eliminate formaldehyde are
available, but much more expensive. The industry has made a lot of
efforts to reduce the amount of free formaldehyde in resins, however
good substitutes that do not adversely affect the quality of the
product are difficult to find. Formaldehyde contents can vary anywhere
from less than one half of one percent for light weight fabrics to 4
percent for heavy fabrics (melamine-formaldehyde resins), and there is
a lot of variability in types of resins. Formaldehyde itself does not
affect the product, however it does affect the properties of the resin
itself (manufacturing). Acrylic handbuilders and stiffeners can replace
formaldehyde-based handbuilders.
The sources of organic HAP emissions from finishing are the HAP
constituents that are contained in finishing materials as purchased. As
is the case with dyeing, the organic HAP constituents are needed to
impart certain desirable characteristics to the finished substrate
(e.g., a resin finish containing organic HAP might be applied to a
cotton/polyester blend for durable press and dimensional stability). No
organic HAP are known to be added by the users. In finishing, unlike in
dyeing, the fraction of organic HAP contained in finishes that are
emitted to the atmosphere are generally assumed to be 100 percent with
the exception of HAP that cross-link to the fiber, such as
formaldehyde. This is because the finished textile is typically dried
and cured at relatively high temperatures over 300 degrees Fahrenheit.

B. How did We Select The Regulated Pollutants?

Organic HAP. Available emission data collected during the
development of the proposed NESHAP show that the primary organic HAP
emitted from printing, coating and dyeing sources include toluene, MEK,
methanol, xylenes, MIBK, methylene chloride, n-hexane,
trichloroethylene, and n,n-dimethylformamide. These compounds account
for approximately 81 percent of this category's nationwide organic HAP
emissions. However, many other organic HAP are used, or can be used, in
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, and finishing operations.
Therefore, the proposed rule would regulate emissions of all organic
HAP.
Inorganic HAP. Based on information reported during development of
the proposed NESHAP, inorganic HAP

[[Page 46043]]

contained in the coating, printing, dyeing and finishing materials used
by this source category include chromium, cobalt, hydrogen chloride,
lead, manganese compounds and nickel. There is limited opportunity for
these HAP to be emitted into the ambient air because all of the
application techniques used involve direct application of the inorganic
HAP-containing material to the substrate by techniques such as knife-
over-roll, reverse roll, dip, pad and immersion. These techniques would
not typically generate air emissions of the inorganic compounds. Once
deposited on the substrate, the inorganic compounds remain on the
substrate and are not emitted during subsequent drying and curing
process operations. Therefore, we conclude that there are limited or no
air emissions of inorganic HAP, and the proposed standards would not
regulate them.

C. How Did We Select the Affected Source?

In selecting the affected source(s) for emission standards, our
primary goal is to ensure that MACT is applied to HAP-emitting
operations or activities within the source category or subcategory
being regulated. The affected source also serves to establish where new
source MACT applies under a particular standard. Specifically, the
General Provisions in subpart A of 40 CFR part 63 define the terms
``construction'' and ``reconstruction'' with reference to the term
``affected source'' and provide that new source MACT applies when
construction or reconstruction of an affected source occurs. The
collection of equipment and activities evaluated in determining MACT
(including the MACT floor) is used in defining the affected source.
When an emission standard is based on a collection of emissions
sources, or total facility emissions, we select an affected source
based on that same collection of emission sources, or the total
facility, as well. This approach for defining the affected source
broadly is particularly appropriate for industries where a plantwide
emission standard provides the opportunity and incentive for owners and
operators to utilize control strategies that are more cost effective
than if separate standards were established for each emission point
within an affected source.
Selection of affected source. The affected source for the proposed
standards is broadly defined for each subcategory. It includes all
operations associated with coating and printing, with slashing, or with
dyeing and finishing and in all cases includes the cleaning of process
operation equipment. These operations include storage and mixing of
regulated materials, regulated material application and flash-off and
drying and curing of applied materials by exposure to heat, cleaning
operations, waste handling operations, and wastewater treatment
operations.
In selecting the affected source, we considered, for each
operation, the extent to which HAP-containing materials are used and
the amount of HAP that are emitted. Coating, printing, slashing, dyeing
and finishing material application, flash-off, and curing/drying
operations by exposure to heat account for the majority of HAP
emissions from coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing
operations. These operations are included in the affected source.
We were not able to obtain data to adequately quantify HAP
emissions from storage, mixing, cleaning, waste handling and wastewater
treatment. However, solvents that are added to coatings as thinners,
for example, and HAP from other HAP-containing materials such as dyeing
or finishing auxiliaries, may be emitted during mixing and storage. The
level of emissions depends on the type of mixing and the type of
storage container and the work practices used at the affected source.
The magnitude of emissions from cleaning depends heavily on the amount
and HAP content of cleaning materials used. Emissions from waste
handling operations depend on the type of system used to collect and
transport organic HAP-containing waste materials in the affected
source. For example, solvent-laden rags that are used to clean
application equipment could be a source of HAP emissions. The method
used to isolate and store such rags affects the level of emissions to
ambient air. The HAP emissions from wastewater treatment depend on the
quantity and types of HAP discharged to the wastewater treatment
operation and the subsequent wastewater treatment processes, e.g.,
treatment by aeration or by biodegradation. Mixing, storage, cleaning,
waste handling, and wastewater treatment operations are included in the
affected source.
A broad definition of the affected source was selected to provide
maximum flexibility in complying with the proposed emission limits for
organic HAP. In planning its total usage of HAP-containing materials,
each affected source can select among available coating, printing,
slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning materials, as well
as use of emission capture systems and add-on controls for coating and
printing operations, to maximize emissions reductions in the most cost-
effective manner.
Additional information on the coating, printing, slashing, dyeing
and finishing operations is included in the docket for the proposed
standards.

D. How Did We Determine the Basis and Level of the Proposed Standards
for Existing and New or Reconstructed Sources?

The sections below present the rationale for determining the MACT
floor, regulatory alternatives beyond the floor, and selection of the
proposed standards for existing and new or reconstructed affected
sources in each of the three subcategories identified in the Printing,
Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles source category.
How did we determine the MACT floor technology? After we identify
the specific source categories or subcategories of sources to regulate
under section 112 of the CAA, we must develop emission standards for
each category and subcategory. Section 112(d)(3) establishes a minimum
baseline or ``floor'' for standards. For new sources in a category or
subcategory, the standards cannot be less stringent than the emission
control that is achieved in practice by the best-controlled similar
source. The standards for existing sources can be less stringent than
standards for new sources, but they cannot be less stringent than the
average emission limitation achieved by the best-performing 12 percent
of existing sources (or the best-performing five sources for categories
or subcategories with fewer than 30 sources).
Coating and printing subcategory. There are an estimated 60
facilities in the coating and printing subcategory. Quantitative data
on HAP use and emission control were obtained from 22 coating sources.
The 22 sources in the MACT database are representative of the different
sizes of companies and the range of products in the national population
of coating sources. Qualitative data providing descriptions of coating
and printing processes, HAP control technologies, and process and
control technology concerns also were obtained from site visits and
industry trade groups, such as the Rubber Manufacturers Association.
These data verified that the coating processes and HAP emission sources
are similar for all coating types and that similar HAP control
technologies are used. They also verified that, although we do not have
quantitative data on printing operations, it is reasonable to use the
coating data for making decisions for both coating and printing sources
due to the

[[Page 46044]]

similarities between coating and printing processes and materials used.
The MACT database shows that the most common approach for reducing
organic HAP emissions at coating and printing sources is the use of
add-on capture and control systems. At the sources reporting the
highest level of control, coating application stations are enclosed in
rooms, and the ventilation air is directed to the add-on control
device. This type of capture system can achieve 100 percent capture of
emissions when designed to meet the criteria specified in EPA Method
204 of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M. This capture system is called a PTE.
Of the 22 sources in the MACT database, six reported the use of PTE and
13 reported that they operated control devices on a total of 29 coating
lines. Of the 29 controlled lines, 16 lines use thermal oxidizers,
three lines use catalytic oxidizers, nine lines use carbon adsorbers,
and one line uses an electrostatic precipitator.
The MACT database contains information concerning the level of HAP
emissions from coating application and drying/curing, the capture
efficiency for each coating application area or for the entire coating
line, and the destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on control
device receiving the HAP emissions. We were able to determine the
coating line application and drying/curing OCE for each source from
this information when available. This value was the most common among
all the data available, and it was determined that the coating
application and drying/curing OCE was the value that was most
correlated with HAP emissions. Therefore, the coating application and
drying/curing OCE was used as the basis for the MACT floor
calculations. The OCE was calculated as a sourcewide average to
incorporate the effects of averaging across coating lines in sources
with more than one coating line.
To determine the existing source MACT floor, the sources were
ranked based on the average OCE. The statute requires EPA to base the
floor for existing sources on the average emission limitation achieved
by the best performing 12 percent of existing sources for which the
Administrator has data. The best performing 12 percent of the 22
sources in the MACT database constitutes a set of three affected
sources. All three of the best-performing sources use capture systems
and add-on control devices including both thermal oxidizers and carbon
adsorbers. The two sources using thermal oxidizers are achieving 100
percent capture of application station emissions through the use of
PTE. The reported OCE for the top three sources ranged from 93 to 99
percent. These data clearly indicate that controls on some specific
coating operations may be capable of achieving greater than 99 percent
HAP destruction based on 100 percent capture and thermal oxidizer
destruction efficiency greater than 99 percent. However, to determine
the level of emission control that is technically and consistently
achievable over the long term with thermal oxidation, it is important
to consider not only the level of control reported, but also the data
quality concerns and the control levels that EPA has generally found to
be achievable for this type of control technology. This approach
ensures that factors that affect control levels, such as variations in
source operating conditions and inlet loadings to the add-on control
device, are accommodated in the determination of the MACT floor.
A study conducted by EPA indicated that a 98 percent reduction is
the minimum control efficiency that new thermal oxidizers can be
expected to achieve. Information from vendor guarantees supports the
determination of a destruction efficiency of 98 percent for thermal
oxidizers. Therefore, we adjusted the destruction efficiencies for the
two MACT floor sources using thermal oxidizers to 98 percent. The
calculated MACT floor using the adjusted value results in an average 97
percent OCE for the three sources that make up the best-performing 12
percent of sources in the coating and printing subcategory. Therefore,
the MACT floor for existing sources is 97 percent OCE.
As indicated previously in this preamble, the MACT floor for new
sources must reflect the emission control achieved in practice by the
best-controlled similar source. The OCE data cited above show that the
best-controlled similar source for which we have data is using a PTE to
achieve 100 percent capture and a thermal oxidizer, which as described
above, we have determined can consistently achieve 98 percent
destruction. Therefore, a 98 percent OCE is the MACT floor for new and
reconstructed sources in the coating and printing subcategory.
Data from the coating MACT database were used to calculate
alternative emission rate limits for existing and new and reconstructed
sources. The alternative organic HAP emission rate was calculated based
on applying the MACT floor OCE (97 percent for existing sources and 98
percent for new and reconstructed sources) to a pre-controlled HAP
emission rate representative for this industry. This calculation
process, described in the docket, resulted in HAP emission rates of
0.12 lb of organic HAP per lb of solids for existing sources and 0.08
lb of organic HAP per lb of solids for new and reconstructed sources.
The alternative emission rate limits are being proposed to provide
compliance flexibility for affected sources.
Slashing subcategory. As has been previously noted in this
preamble, the primary source of HAP emissions from slashing is methanol
from PVA size. The methanol emissions can arise either from the size
cooking operation, the application process, or both; the distribution
is unclear. Also as previously noted, there are no known HAP emission
capture or control systems in place on size cooking or slashing
processes. Therefore, we judged that the most reasonable approach to
establishing a MACT floor would be to identify a pollution prevention
option that is the average being achieved by all affected slashing
operations.
Based on information submitted to the EPA by the American Textile
Manufacturers Institute (ATMI) on September 17, 1999, we determined
that the majority, not just the top 12 percent, of the domestic textile
market in 1998 was using PVA for slashing with methanol comprising less
than 1 percent by weight of the PVA ``as purchased.'' Methanol is a
contaminant in the PVA that is a residual material from the manufacture
of the PVA. Prior to 1999, the typical PVA sizing compound contained
from 4 to 10 percent methanol. The ATMI submittal included letters from
suppliers representing approximately 74 percent of the domestic market
for PVA. The letters indicated that the ``less than 1 percent
methanol'' is readily available and that the suppliers are changing
their production to supply the lower HAP material. The letters provide
detailed information from the PVA suppliers and are located in the
Confidential Business Information files at EPA. Information collected
from the WWW on two domestic suppliers of PVA confirms that PVA with
``less than 1 percent methanol'' is readily available from suppliers.
On the basis of the information described above, we determined that
the MACT floor for the slashing subcategory is the use of low-HAP PVA
containing less than 1 percent HAP, by weight, ``as purchased.'' For
the purpose of determining the mass fraction of organic HAP in a
slashing material, each organic HAP that is not an OSHA-defined
carcinogen as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and that is measured
to be present at less than 1 percent is counted as zero. Therefore,
since

[[Page 46045]]

methanol is not an OSHA-defined carcinogen, the floor for slashing is
zero organic HAP. Other synthetic organic sizing compounds in use also
contain HAP, but the HAP content of these sizing compounds is well
below 1 percent.
Because PVA sizing is available with zero organic HAP, and this
represents the emission rate achieved by the majority of sources in
this subcategory and by the ``best similar source,'' the MACT floor for
existing, new, and reconstructed sources is the pollution prevention
option of zero organic HAP in the sizing material ``as purchased.''
Dyeing and finishing subcategory. Quantitative data on dyeing
materials usage were received from 41 sources. Similarly, quantitative
data on finishing materials usage were received from 31 sources. All of
the information in the dyeing and finishing MACT database is
confidential; therefore, no individual facility data are presented in
this preamble.
Qualitative information providing descriptions of dyeing and
finishing processes, pollution prevention opportunities, and
verification that add-on control technologies generally are not used on
dyeing and finishing HAP emission sources were also obtained from site
visits and industry trade groups such as the ATMI. The qualitative data
provide a representation of the dyeing and finishing industry and
verify that the MACT database is reflective of the variety of dyeing
and finishing processes that are used by the affected sources that will
be subject to the proposed rule.
The MACT floors for dyeing and finishing were evaluated on the
basis of the HAP content of the purchased materials used in the dyes
and finishes applied. There are currently no emission controls used to
reduce HAP emissions from dyeing operations. The few emission controls
used on finishing operations were installed to reduce opacity and most
are not efficient at reducing HAP emissions. Furthermore, no emission
factors have been developed for dyeing or finishing operations and the
split of emissions, particularly from dyeing, are dependent on site
specific conditions such as the unit operations the textile passes
through in the process range, the types of equipment used for the
process, the dye or finish chemistry, and the process conditions, e.g.,
the points in the process where the textile is subjected to heat.
Finally, the available data include information on the HAP content of
the dyeing or finishing materials used annually and HAP emission
estimates based on the mass of HAP contained in the materials used in
the process. Defining the MACT floor in terms of the mass of HAP per
mass of purchased materials (weight percent HAP in the purchased
materials) correlates directly to HAP emissions, serves to reduce the
HAP emissions at the source, and is not dependent on the split of
emissions between different unit operations in the process range or
between media (air and water).
For this analysis, we determined that a total of 30 of the 41
sources with dyeing processes in the MACT database are major or
synthetic minor HAP emission sources and 12 of the 29 sources with
finishing processes in the MACT database are major or synthetic minor
HAP emission sources. Eleven sources with dyeing processes could not be
used in the MACT floor analysis for the following reasons: one source
has been shut down, nine are area sources, and the title V HAP status
of one source has not been determined. Similarly, 19 sources with
finishing process information could not be used in the MACT floor
analysis for the following reasons: one source has been shut down, one
reported only coating process information, 15 are area sources of HAP
emissions, and the title V HAP status of two sources has not been
determined. Information from the sources with indeterminate title V HAP
status was examined to determine if any of the sources could
potentially be MACT floor sources. None was determined to be a MACT
floor source. Separate MACT floor analyses were done for dyeing and
finishing, as described in the following paragraphs.
We evaluated two different approaches for determining the MACT
floor in weight percent organic HAP in dyeing materials. The dyeing
survey collected information on the organic HAP content of dyes and of
auxiliary chemicals, which we refer to in this discussion as ``dye
materials.'' There are 11 chemical dye classes in which these dye
materials are classified. In the first approach to determining the MACT
floor, we determined the weight percent organic HAP in dye materials
for each source in the MACT floor database, without regard to the dye
classes used at each source. To calculate the weight percent organic
HAP, the mass of organic HAP in dye materials as purchased was
calculated and divided by the total mass of dye materials purchased.
The result was multiplied by 100 to calculate the weight percent HAP in
dye materials purchased by each source. For the four best-performing
sources (12 percent of 30 sources), each of which reported zero organic
HAP in dye materials as purchased, the calculated MACT floor was zero
weight percent organic HAP. However, under this approach only three of
the 11 dye classes reported in the dyeing survey were represented in
the MACT floor.
Since the choice of a dye class depends on many factors, including
substrate, color (market driven), end use of the dyed substrate, and
quality (e.g., dye fastness), and cannot be made purely on the basis of
organic HAP content of the materials, we chose a second approach to
determining the MACT floor that would represent all of the dye classes
reported in the dyeing survey. Under this second approach, a MACT floor
analysis was done for each dye class in the database. For each dye
class, the weight percent organic HAP in dye materials purchased was
calculated for each source using the dye class. The usage of different
dye classes varied across the sources. Some dye classes were used by as
few as two sources while others were used by as many as 14 sources.
Therefore, the number of best-performing sources for each dye class was
either one or two (taking 12 percent of the number of sources using the
dye class and rounding up to the next whole number).
To determine the MACT floor for dyeing, we calculated a weighted
average organic HAP content of dye materials as purchased from the dye
class MACT floors, using the total mass of dye materials used by the
MACT floor source or sources for each dye class to weight the dye class
MACT floor organic HAP contents. The dyeing MACT floor organic HAP
content in materials as purchased was determined to be 1.58 weight
percent for existing sources.
No technology has been identified that could achieve a lower
organic HAP content in materials as purchased. Therefore, the dyeing
MACT floor organic HAP content in materials as purchased for new and
reconstructed sources was also determined to be 1.58 weight percent.
Since the choice of a finish class depends on the desired
characteristics of the finished substrate and cannot be made solely on
the basis of the HAP content of the finish, we also chose the approach
of calculating the MACT floor that would represent all of the finish
classes reported in the finishing survey. As was the case for dyeing, a
MACT floor analysis was done for each finish class in the database. The
finishing survey collected information on the organic HAP content of
each finish class as purchased. In some cases, sources reported
different chemistry for finishes within the same finish class for use
on different products. Therefore, for each

[[Page 46046]]

finish class used by each source, the weight percent organic HAP in
finishing materials purchased was calculated by determining the total
mass of organic HAP in finishing materials as purchased for the finish
class (sum of the mass of organic HAP in different formulations within
the finish class), divided by the total mass of finishing materials
purchased for the finish class (sum of mass of finishing materials
purchased within the finish class) multiplied by 100. The one source
(12 percent of the number of sources reporting use of the finish class,
which ranged from one to eight) reporting the lowest weight percent
organic HAP in finishing materials for each finish class was chosen as
the floor affected source. The usage of different finish classes varied
across the sources. Some finish classes were used by only one source
while others were used by as many as eight sources. Therefore, there
was only one best-performing source for each finish class (taking 12
percent of the number of sources using the finish class and rounding up
to one).
To determine the MACT floor for finishing, we calculated a weighted
average organic HAP content of finishing materials as purchased from
the finish class MACT floors, using the total mass of finishing
materials used by the MACT floor source for each finish class to weight
the finish class MACT floor organic HAP contents. The weighted average
organic HAP content in finishing materials as purchased was determined
to be 0.03 weight percent for existing sources. As was the case for the
slashing subcategory MACT floor, for the purpose of determining the
mass fraction of organic HAP in a finishing material, each organic HAP
that is not an OSHA-defined carcinogen as specified in 29 CFR
1910.1200(d)(4) and that is measured to be present at less than 1
percent, is counted as zero. Therefore, the finishing MACT floor for
existing sources is zero organic HAP in finishing materials as
purchased.
No technology has been identified that could achieve a lower
organic HAP content in finishing materials as purchased. Therefore, the
finishing MACT floor for new and reconstructed sources was also
determined to be zero organic HAP in finishing materials as purchased.
How did we consider beyond-the-floor technology? After the MACT
floors have been determined for new or reconstructed and existing
sources in a source category or subcategory, we must set emission
standards that are no less stringent than the floors. Such standards
must then be met by all sources within the category or subcategory. We
identify and consider any reasonable regulatory alternatives that are
``beyond-the-floor,'' taking into account emissions reductions, cost,
non-air quality health and environmental impacts, and energy
requirements. These alternatives may be different for new or
reconstructed and existing sources because of different MACT floors,
and separate standards may be established for new and existing sources.
Coating and printing subcategory. The beyond-the-floor levels of
control for coating and printing, to be considered, must be greater
than an OCE of 97 percent for existing sources. The floor for existing
sources was based on the use of control equipment with a control
efficiency of 97 percent and a capture efficiency of 100 percent. In
addition, we applied the 97 percent MACT floor OCE to a pre-controlled
HAP emission rate representative for this industry to calculate an
alternative emission rate limit.
We identified two regulatory alternatives more stringent than the
existing source MACT floor level of control for organic HAP and the
alternative emission rate limit. These alternatives were conversion to
coating and printing materials that have a very low, or no, organic HAP
content and use of add-on capture systems and add-on control devices to
achieve an OCE of 98 percent.
Lower-organic-HAP liquid coatings fall into two primary categories.
The most common category is waterborne coatings, which allow the mixing
of certain materials that would be incompatible in organic solvent
borne coatings. The second category is higher solids coatings that
result from alternate technologies such as ultraviolet (UV)-curable
coatings and electron beam (EB)-curable coatings. Some urethane
coatings can be applied with a thermal process. These coatings do not
employ organic HAP or VOC to keep the pigment and other components of
the coating in solution until curing. Therefore, organic HAP emissions
are very small.
These lower-organic-HAP coatings are currently in production use
for some products in the coating industry, but their applicability is
limited in that, for some products, these coatings are not able to
achieve the desired final product characteristics. Similarly, low-
organic-HAP or waterborne printing materials are used for the majority
of printed products, but these printing materials are not able to
achieve the desired final product characteristics for certain products,
such as designer and fashion apparel, requiring the use of higher
organic HAP printing materials. Given the limited applicability of
waterborne, UV-curable, EB-curable, and thermal (hot-melt) coating and
waterborne printing materials, we do not believe it is feasible to
require the use of these coating and printing materials and rejected
them as a beyond-the-floor option for organic HAP.
It is technically feasible to reduce emissions from affected
sources by at least 98 percent through the use of capture systems and
add-on control devices. Based on the model plants analysis used to
estimate the impacts of the proposed rule, the incremental HAP
reductions that could be achieved by using capture systems and add-on
control devices to comply with a ``beyond-the-floor'' alternative of 98
percent reduction would range from about 0.09 megagram (Mg) (0.1 ton)
to about 3.8 Mg (4.2 tons) per affected source. The 98 percent
reduction alternative would result in an estimated additional HAP
reduction of 32 tons per year. To achieve this small incremental HAP
emissions reductions, existing affected sources would have to upgrade
or replace most existing add-on control systems. We believe the
incremental emissions reductions that would be achieved at this time
are not supported by the additional cost that many existing sources
would incur to upgrade or replace existing add-on control systems.
Therefore, we rejected requiring 98 percent overall control as a
beyond-the-floor option for organic HAP at existing sources in the
coating and printing subcategory.
The beyond-the-floor levels of control for coating and printing, to
be considered, must be greater than an OCE of 98 percent for new or
reconstructed affected sources. The new source floor was based on the
use of control equipment with a destruction efficiency of 98 percent
and a capture efficiency of 100 percent. Vendors could not guarantee
greater than 98 percent destruction efficiency for the operating
conditions experienced in coating and printing and over the life of the
equipment.
The use of low HAP containing coating and printing materials was
considered for a beyond-the-floor option for new or reconstructed
sources. However, as is explained above for existing sources, it was
determined that some products in the coating and printing industry
cannot meet certain performance characteristics with low-organic-HAP
coating and printing materials.
For these reasons, we determined that requiring beyond-the-floor
emission limits for new or reconstructed sources is not practicable for
this subcategory.

[[Page 46047]]

Slashing subcategory. The MACT floors for new or reconstructed
sources and existing sources in the slashing subcategory are based on
pollution prevention options reflecting the use of non-HAP materials.
There is no beyond-the-floor technology that could achieve a lower
organic HAP content in materials as purchased than zero percent.
Dyeing and finishing subcategory. The MACT floors for new or
reconstructed sources and existing sources in the dyeing and finishing
subcategory represent pollution prevention options reflecting the use
of low- and non-HAP materials. No beyond-the-floor technology has been
identified that could achieve a lower-organic-HAP content in materials
as purchased and would be applicable to all products for dyeing
operations; and zero percent HAP is the lowest-organic-HAP content in
materials as purchased for finishing operations that can be achieved.
How did we select the proposed standards? For existing sources in
each subcategory, we based the proposed standards on the existing
source MACT floor. As described earlier, we determined that beyond-the-
floor options were not technically or economically feasible for all
existing sources. For the same reasons, we based the proposed standards
for new or reconstructed sources in each subcategory on the new source
MACT floor.
We note here that our assumption, used in the development of the
MACT floors, that 100 percent of the organic HAP in the materials used
are emitted by the affected source would not apply when the source
sends waste organic HAP-containing materials to a facility for
treatment or disposal. We made that assumption because the industry
survey responses provided little information as to the amount of
organic HAP recovered and recycled or treated and disposed. We,
therefore, concluded that that practice may not be common within the
printing, coating, and dyeing industry. We recognize, however, that
some large affected sources may conduct such activities and should be
allowed to account for such activities in determining their emissions.
Thus, the proposed rule allows you to reduce the organic HAP emissions
by the amount of any organic HAP contained in waste treated or disposed
at a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facility that is
regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
Coating and printing subcategory. In the coating and printing
subcategory, the MACT levels of control for new or reconstructed and
existing sources can be achieved in several different ways. Many
sources would be able to upgrade existing or install new emission
control systems to comply with the MACT floor OCE. Sources using
oxidizers to control organic HAP emissions with low inlet loadings may
be able to comply with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration
limit. Some sources would be able to use low- or non-HAP coating and
printing materials, or a combination of low-HAP coating and printing
materials and emission control systems to comply with the emission rate
limit. If a source is also using thinning or cleaning materials that
contain organic HAP, then it may be able to switch to lower-HAP or non-
HAP thinning and cleaning materials, which are widely available, to
reduce the sourcewide organic HAP emission rate to the MACT level.
Slashing subcategory. In the slashing subcategory, sources can use
readily available slashing materials that comply with the emission rate
limit.
Dyeing and finishing subcategory. Sources in the dyeing and
finishing subcategory can use dyeing and finishing materials that
comply with the emission rate limit. If certain products require the
use of higher-HAP materials, sources in the dyeing and finishing
subcategory also can comply with the affected source organic HAP
emission rate limit by averaging across all dyeing and/or finishing
materials used.

E. How Did We Select the Format of the Proposed Standards?

Numerical emission standards are required by section 112(h) of the
CAA unless we can justify that it is not feasible to prescribe or
enforce an emission standard, in which case a design, equipment, work
practice, or operational standard can be set.
We selected the format of the proposed standards for the coating
and printing subcategory to be an overall percent reduction of
emissions, taking into account both capture and control system
efficiencies. Data available to us regarding the efficiency of capture
and control systems used in this industry indicate that overall
efficiency is typically determined by a performance test for capture
systems and oxidizers and liquid-liquid material balance for solvent
recovery systems. The proposed standards allow for determining OCE
through a variety of mechanisms to be consistent with industry
practices. We selected this format because it reflects MACT at all
affected sources and allows flexibility in the method selected for
achieving the percent reduction limit.
To encourage the use of low- and non-HAP materials in coating and
printing operations, alternative standards based on HAP content are
also proposed that will achieve HAP reductions comparable to the
overall percent reduction limit. The format of the proposed alternative
standards is mass of organic HAP per mass of coating solids. The
performance-based nature of the proposed format would allow coating
operation owners and operators flexibility in choosing any combination
of means (including coating reformulation, use of lower-HAP or non-HAP
materials, solvent elimination, and add-on control devices) to comply
with the emission limits that is workable for their particular
situations.
We selected the format of the proposed standards for the slashing
and the dyeing and finishing subcategories to be mass of organic HAP
per mass of materials used in the process. The format promotes a
pollution prevention approach to reducing emissions from these
processes and limits organic HAP emissions from the various sources of
emissions without requiring a site-specific determination of the split
of organic HAP between air and water and the distribution of organic
HAP emissions between potential emission sources. The overall percent
reduction in emissions format that we are proposing for the coating and
printing subcategory is not appropriate for the slashing subcategory or
the dyeing and finishing subcategory because organic HAP emission
controls are not used to reduce emissions from these processes.
In lieu of emission standards, section 112(h) of the CAA allows
work practice standards or other requirements to be established in the
following situations: when a pollutant cannot be emitted through a
conveyance or capture system, or when measurement is not practicable
because of technological and economic limitations. Many printing,
coating and dyeing sources use some type of work practice measure to
reduce HAP emissions from mixing, cleaning, storage, and waste handling
areas as part of their standard operating procedures. They use these
measures to decrease solvent usage and minimize exposure to workers.
However, we do not have data to quantify accurately the emissions
reductions achievable by the work practice measures. The level of
emissions depends on the type of equipment used and the work practices
used at the affected source and would be very site-specific. For
example, emissions from solvent-laden rags used to clean coating
application stations would depend on the method used to isolate and
store such rags. In addition to lacking adequate data and information
to quantify an emissions

[[Page 46048]]

level for such operations, it is not practicable to measure emissions
from these operations since they often occur in large open areas not
amenable to testing. Therefore, work practice standards are appropriate
for such operations under section 112(h) of the CAA.
Under the options where emissions are reduced by using low- or non-
HAP materials, we assume that all the organic HAP in the materials
entering the affected source are volatilized (emitted). Therefore,
emissions from operations occurring within the affected source (e.g.,
mixing operations) are accounted for in the determination of total
materials usage at the affected source. However, when you comply by
using capture systems and add-on control devices, emissions from
mixing, storage, and waste handling operations are often not routed to
the add-on control devices and would not be practicable to measure for
inclusion in a determination of compliance with the emission limit.
Therefore, the proposed rule would require development and
implementation of an emission reduction work practice plan to assure
that emissions are reduced from such operations.

F. How Did We Select the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?

The proposed standards would allow you to choose among several
methods to demonstrate compliance with the proposed standards for
organic HAP: use of materials which individually contain low or no
organic HAP; achieving an overall organic HAP emission rate from all
materials that is less than the applicable emission rate limit; or, for
coating and printing affected sources, capture systems and add-on
control devices.
Materials with low- or no-organic-HAP. You would be required to
document the organic HAP content of all materials and show that each is
less than the applicable emission limit. You would also have to show
that each thinner and each cleaning material used contains no organic
HAP. You would use manufacturer's formulation data to document the
organic HAP content of slashing materials and would have the option of
using manufacturer's formulation data to document the organic HAP
content of coating, printing, dyeing, finishing, cleaning and thinning
materials.
Method 311 is the method developed by EPA for determining the mass
fraction of organic HAP in coatings and has been used in surface
coating NESHAP. We have not identified any other methods that provide
advantages over Method 311 for use in the proposed standards.
Method 24 is the method developed by EPA for determining the mass
fractions of volatile matter and solids for coatings and can be used if
you choose to determine the nonaqueous volatile matter content as a
surrogate for organic HAP. In other standards, VOC emission control
measures have been implemented in coating industries with Method 24 as
the compliance method. We have not identified any other methods that
provide advantages over Method 24 for use in the proposed standards.
Overall organic HAP emission rate. To demonstrate initial
compliance for coating and printing operations using this option, you
would calculate the organic HAP emission rate for one or more coating
and printing operation in the affected source, based on the mass of
organic HAP in all coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials
and the mass of coating solids used during the compliance period.
Similarly, for dyeing and finishing operations, you would calculate the
mass of organic HAP in all dyeing, finishing and cleaning materials
used during the compliance period. You would be required to demonstrate
that the organic HAP emission rate does not exceed the applicable
emission limit using the methods discussed previously.
Capture systems and add-on control devices. If you use a capture
system and add-on control device, other than a solvent recovery device
for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you would be
required to conduct an initial performance test of the system to
determine its OCE or oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration. For a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material
balance, you would determine the quantity of volatile matter applied
and the quantity recovered during the initial compliance period to
determine its OCE.
If you are demonstrating compliance with the organic HAP emission
rate with add-on controls option, the OCE would be combined with the
monthly mass of organic HAP in the coating, printing, thinning, and
cleaning materials used to calculate the monthly HAP emission rate in
kg HAP/kg of coating solids.
If you conduct a performance test, you would also determine
parameter operating limits during the test. The test methods that the
proposed standards would require for the performance test are required
under many standards of performance for industrial surface coating
sources under 40 CFR part 60 and NESHAP under 40 CFR part 63. We have
not identified any other methods that provide advantages over these
methods.

G. How Did We Select the Continuous Compliance Requirements?

To demonstrate continuous compliance with the proposed monthly
emission limits, you would also need records of the quantity of
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning
materials used and the data and calculations supporting your
determination of their organic HAP content. If you conduct liquid-
liquid material balances, you would need records of the quantity of
volatile matter used and the quantity recovered by the solvent recovery
system each month.
To ensure continuous compliance with the proposed organic HAP
emission limits and operating limits, the proposed standards would
require continuous parameter monitoring of capture systems and add-on
control devices and recordkeeping. We selected the following
requirements based on reasonable cost, ease of execution, and
usefulness of the resulting data to both the owners or operators and
EPA for ensuring continuous compliance with the emission limits and
operating limits.
We are proposing that certain parameters be continuously monitored
for the types of capture systems and add-on control devices commonly
used in the industry. These monitoring parameters are used in other
standards for similar industries. The values of these parameters that
correspond to compliance with the proposed emission limits are
established during the initial or most recent performance test that
demonstrates compliance. These values are your operating limits for the
capture system and add-on control device.
You would be required to determine 3-hour average values for most
monitored parameters for the affected source. We selected this
averaging period to reflect operating conditions during the performance
test to ensure the control system is continuously operating at the same
or better control level as during a performance test demonstrating
compliance with the emission limits.

H. How Did We Select the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?

You would be required to comply with the applicable requirements in
the NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as
described in Table 2 of the proposed subpart OOOO. We evaluated the
General Provisions requirements and included those we

[[Page 46049]]

determined to be the minimum notification, recordkeeping, and reporting
necessary to ensure compliance with and effective enforcement of the
proposed standards, modifying them as appropriate for the fabric and
other textiles printing, coating, and dyeing industry.

I. How Did We Select the Compliance Date?

You would be allowed 3 years to comply with the final standards for
existing affected sources. This is the maximum period allowed by the
CAA. We believe that 3 years for compliance is necessary to allow
adequate time to accommodate the variety of compliance methods that
existing sources may use. Some sources in this category would need this
3-year maximum amount of time to develop and test reformulated coating,
printing, dyeing and finishing materials. We want to encourage the use
of these pollution prevention technologies. In addition, time would be
needed to establish records management systems required for enforcement
purposes. Some sources may need the time to purchase and install
emission capture and control systems. In such cases, you would need to
obtain a permit for the use of add-on controls, which will require time
for approval from the permitting authority.
The CAA requires that new or reconstructed affected sources comply
with standards immediately upon startup or the effective date of the
final rule, whichever is later.

IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts

The proposed standards will affect an estimated 135 major sources
that perform coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing
operations. The impacts are presented relative to a baseline reflecting
the level of control prior to the standards. Due to consolidation
throughout the industry, there is expected to be little growth within
the printing, coating and dyeing industry during the next 5 years. Only
three new coating sources and no new printing, slashing, dyeing, or
finishing sources are projected. For more information on how impacts
were estimated, see the docket for the proposed rule.

A. What Are the Air Impacts?

We estimated that compliance with the proposed emission limits
would result in reductions of nationwide organic HAP emissions of 4,104
tpy (3,723 Mg/yr). This represents a reduction of 60 percent from the
baseline organic HAP emissions of 6,820 tpy (6,187 Mg/yr). Table 2 to
this preamble gives a summary of the primary air impacts by subcategory
associated with implementation of the rule as proposed.

Table 2.--Summary of Primary Air Impacts by Subcategory for Existing Sources
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emissions Emissions Emission
Subcategory before NESHAP after NESHAP reduction Percent
(tpy) (tpy) (tpy) reduction
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coating and Printing............................ 5,571 2,389 3,182 57
Dyeing and Finishing............................ 901 153 748 83
Slashing........................................ 348 174 174 50
¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬
Source Category Nationwide Total............ 6,820 2,716 4,104 60
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. What Are the Cost Impacts?

We have estimated the costs related to complying with the emission
limitations and meeting the monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements. The costs to comply with the emission limitations include
the costs of adding or upgrading emission control systems; the
increased cost of compliant, low-formaldehyde permanent press finishes;
and the cost of performance testing emission control systems. We have
assumed for this analysis that all sources with affected slashing and
dyeing operations will comply through the use of reformulated slashing,
dyeing, thinning, and cleaning materials, and that these materials can
be utilized without the need for capital expenditures. Annual costs for
meeting the monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of
the proposed rule have also been included.
To comply with the proposed standards, coating and printing
affected sources that are not currently in compliance would likely use
either upgraded existing emission control systems or new emission
control systems. We estimated the capital and annual costs of carbon
adsorbers, thermal oxidizers, catalytic oxidizers and coating rooms,
using model plants based on information in our facility database. We
examined the current level of control reported by each source in the
database to determine control measures and associated model plant costs
required to achieve compliance with the proposed emission limits.
Control costs estimated for the database sources were extrapolated to
nationwide totals.
The dyeing and finishing compliance options are based on the use of
low-HAP materials. Qualitative information concerning pollution
prevention measures gathered from stakeholder meetings and site visits
indicated that there would be substantial costs incurred in reducing
the formaldehyde content of permanent press resins. We used information
collected from a research and marketing company and textile chemical
suppliers to estimate the incremental cost to produce finished fabric,
using a compliant resin versus a formaldehyde resin. The incremental
cost was applied to the quantity of fabric estimated to currently be
finished with non-compliant formaldehyde resins.
Performance testing costs for coating and printing sources using
add-on control systems to comply with the standard include the labor
hours required to conduct performance testing and monitoring on each
emission capture system and add-on control device used and to develop
the associated data elements for recordkeeping and reporting purposes.
Recordkeeping and reporting includes all labor hours related to
installing recordkeeping and reporting systems, developing SSMP,
initial notification, compliance status notification, performance test
notification, performance test report, materials usage tracking,
training personnel, and monitoring deviations and SSMP reports and
recordkeeping.
We estimate total capital costs, in 1997 dollars, for the
approximately 135 existing major sources to be $18.8 million and annual
costs, in 1997 dollars, to be $14.5 million. These annual costs include
approximately $5.6 million associated with add-on control systems for
coating and printing operations, $7.5 million in direct costs
associated with finishing material usage,

[[Page 46050]]

and $1.4 million in monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping costs.
The only new source costs would be for the three projected new
coating sources. New coating sources would not install controls beyond
those required for new source review, and these controls would meet the
proposed new source limit. They would incur no capital costs, and we
estimate their annual costs to be a total of $13,000 to comply with the
proposed rule's monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements.

C. What Are the Economic Impacts?

The Agency prepared an economic impact analysis to evaluate the
impacts the proposed rule would have on the producers and consumers of
fabric and other textiles coating, printing, dyeing and finishing
products, and society as a whole. Overall, the analysis indicates a
minimal change in the prices, production quantities, and international
trade of coated, printed, dyed, and finished products.
Social costs take into account changes in behavior by producers and
consumers due to the imposition of compliance costs from the proposed
rule. Based on the estimated compliance costs associated with the
proposed rule and the predicted changes in price and production in the
affected industries, the estimated annual social cost of the proposed
rule is projected to be $14.5 million (2000 dollars). It is projected
that producers of coated, printed, dyed and finished fabrics would
absorb $10.4 million, while the remaining $4.1 million would be passed
through to consumers.
We estimate that prices for coated, printed, dyed, and finished
fabrics and other textiles would increase by less than one-tenth of one
percent as a result of the proposed standards. Production quantities of
coated, printed, dyed, and finished fabrics and other textiles would
decline by the same magnitude, one-tenth of a percent, as well.
The effects of the proposed rule on international trade of coated,
printed, dyed, and finished fabric and other textiles were also
estimated. Because the predicted changes in price for both coated,
printed, dyed, and finished fabric and other textiles are small, trade
of these products is not expected to be significantly affected. We
expect that imports of both coated and finished fabrics and other
textiles would increase by less than one-tenth of a percent.
For new sources, it can be reasonably assumed that the investment
decision to enter the coating, printing, dyeing and finishing industry
may be slightly altered as a result of the proposed rule; however,
other factors will weigh more heavily in this decision. For example,
current economic trends have shown a continuous decline of the textile
market as more manufacturing moves abroad. Only three new coating
sources are projected to come on-line in the 5 years following
promulgation of the rule, and no additional printing, slashing, dyeing
or fabric finishing sources are projected. The three new coating
sources that are projected to come on-line would incure a total of only
$13,000 in annual costs to meet the requirements of the proposed
standards.
Quantified economic impacts of the proposed rule on printed, dyed,
and slashed fabric products were not calculated in the economic impact
analysis because the compliance costs for the sources that produce
these products are minimal and relate only to monitoring,
recordkeeping, and reporting activities. Based on a qualitative
analysis of the printing, dyeing, and slashing markets, we have
determined that the impact on the prices and quantities of these
products would be insignificant. We have also determined that
international trade of these products would not be significantly
affected. For more information, refer to the ``Economic Impact Analysis
of the Proposed Textile Coating, Printing, Dyeing and Finishing
NESHAP'' in the docket for the proposed rule.

D. What Are the Non-Air Health, Environmental, and Energy Impacts?

Based on information from industry survey responses, we found no
indication that the use of low-organic HAP content coating, printing,
slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning materials at
existing sources would result in any increase or decrease in non-air
health, environmental, and energy impacts. There would be no change in
the utility requirements associated with the use of these materials, so
there would be no change in the amount of energy consumed as a result
of the material conversion. Also, there would be no significant change
in the amount of materials used or the amount of waste produced.
Non-air environmental and energy impacts would result from the
installation of new and the upgrade of existing add-on controls by
affected sources in the coating and printing subcategory. Affected
sources adding carbon adsorber systems would require increased cooling
water usage for the condenser used to recover organic HAP from the
regenerated carbon, and in certain situations for spray towers to cool
the gas entering the carbon adsorber. The estimated increase in
nationwide total cooling water usage would be 70.3 million gallons per
year. The cooling water is assumed not to result in wastewater. There
would be a small increase in water usage for steam to regenerate
carbon. The steam used to regenerate carbon yields water requiring
wastewater treatment. The estimated increase in nationwide total
wastewater generation would be 3.8 million gallons per year.
Affected sources using existing catalytic oxidizers to comply with
the proposed emission limits probably would be required to install
larger volumes of catalysts and to replace the catalysts more
frequently than current replacement cycles to maintain high performance
levels, resulting in a small increase in solid waste generation.
Similarly, affected sources that currently do not operate emission
control systems and that install catalytic oxidizers to comply with the
proposed emission limits would increase solid waste generation.
Sometimes the spent catalyst is regenerated by the manufacturer for
reuse. Activated carbon used in carbon adsorbers is returned to the
manufacturer at the end of its useful life and converted to other
salable products. Little solid waste impact is expected from this
source.
Energy requirements for implementation of the compliance options
for coating and printing affected sources would include electricity to
collect and treat ventilation air, electricity to light PTE, and
natural gas to provide supplemental fuel for stable operation of
oxidizers. The estimated increase in nationwide total electricity usage
would be almost 2.8 million kilowatt hours per year and the estimated
nationwide total natural gas usage would increase by about 195 million
standard cubic feet per year.

V. Administrative Requirements

A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review

Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), EPA
must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and
therefore subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and
the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order defines
``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a
rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or

[[Page 46051]]

State, local, or tribal governments or communities;
(2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligation of recipients
thereof; or
(4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, the proposed rule
was determined to not be a significant regulatory action because none
of the listed criteria apply to this action. Consequently, this action
was not submitted to OMB for review under Executive Order 12866.

B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism

Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August
10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.''
``Policies that have federalism implications'' is defined in the
Executive Order to include rules that have ``substantial direct effects
on the States, on the relationship between the national government and
the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among
the various levels of government.'' Under Section 6 of Executive Order
13132, EPA may not issue a rule that has federalism implications, that
imposes substantial direct compliance costs, and that is not required
by statute, unless the Federal government provides the funds necessary
to pay the direct compliance costs incurred by State and local
governments, or EPA consults with State and local officials early in
the process of developing the proposed rule. The EPA also may not issue
a rule that has federalism implications and that preempts State law,
unless the Agency consults with State and local officials early in the
process of developing the proposed rule.
The proposed rule does not have federalism implications. It will
not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government,
as specified in Executive Order 13132. Thus, the requirements of
Section 6 of the Executive Order do not apply to the proposed rule.
Although Section 6 of Executive Order 13132 does not apply to the
proposed rule, EPA did consult with State and local officials to enable
them to provide timely input in the development of the proposed rule.

C. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian
Tribal Governments

Executive Order 13175, entitled ``Consultation and Coordination
with Indian Tribal Governments'' (59 FR 22951, November 6, 2000),
requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful
and timely input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have tribal implications.''
The proposed rule does not have tribal implications, as specified
in Executive Order 13175. No tribal governments own or operate
printing, coating, and dyeing affected sources. Thus, Executive Order
13175 does not apply to the proposed rule.
The EPA specifically solicits additional comment on the proposed
rule from tribal officials.

D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks

Executive Order 13045, ``Protection of Children from Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies
to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant''
as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an
environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may
have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action
meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the environmental health
or safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the
planned rule is preferable to other potentially effective and
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has
the potential to influence the rule. The proposed rule is not subject
to Executive Order 13045 because it does not establish an environmental
standard based on an assessment of health or safety risks. No
children's risk analysis was performed because no alternative
technologies exist that would provide greater stringency at a
reasonable cost. Furthermore, the proposed rule has been determined not
to be ``economically significant'' as defined under Executive Order
12866.

E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

The proposed rule is not subject to Executive Order 13211
(66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not a significant regulatory action
under Executive Order 12866.

F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal
governments and the private sector. Under Section 202 of the UMRA, EPA
generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that
may result in expenditures by State, local, and tribal governments, in
the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any
1 year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement
is needed, Section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify
and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt
the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative
that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of Section 205
do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover,
Section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least
costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative if the
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that
alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory
requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small
governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed under
section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must
provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling
officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely
input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant
Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and
advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory
requirements.
The EPA has determined that the proposed rule does not contain a
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more
for State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the
private sector in any 1 year. The maximum total annual

[[Page 46052]]

cost of the proposed rule for any year has been estimated to be $14.5
million. Thus, today's proposed rule is not subject to the requirements
of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA. In addition, EPA has determined
that the proposed rule contains no regulatory requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments because it contains
no requirements that apply to such governments or impose obligations
upon them. Therefore, today's proposed rule is not subject to the
requirements of section 203 of the UMRA.

G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1966 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et
seq.

The RFA generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory
flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment
rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any
other statute unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small
governmental jurisdictions.
For the purposes of assessing the impacts of today's proposed rule
on small entities, ``small entity'' is defined as: (1) A small business
according to Small Business Administration (SBA) size standards by
NAICS code ranging from 500 to 1,000 employees; (2) a small
governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a city, county, town,
school district or special district with a population of less than
50,000; and (3) a small organization that is any not-for-profit
enterprise which is independently owned and operated and is not
dominant in its field.
We applied the definition of a small business as provided by the
SBA at 13 CFR 121, and classified by the NAICS. The firms owning
sources directly affected by the proposed rule are generally classified
by the NAICS codes 313210 (Broadwoven Fabric Mills), 313311 (Broadwoven
Fabric Finishing Mills), 313320 (Fabric Coating Mills), and 313312
(Textile and Fabric Finishing (except Broadwoven Fabric) Mills).
The SBA defines small businesses in NAICS codes 313210, 313311, and
313320 as those with fewer than 1000 employees (as described in (1)
above). In NAICS code 313312, the SBA defines a small business as one
with fewer than 500 employees. In the past several years, production in
the textile manufacturing industry has become more capital intensive,
thus utilizing smaller numbers of employees. This leads a substantial
fraction of the companies in the fabric and other textiles coating,
printing, finishing, dyeing, and slashing source category to be
considered small businesses based on SBA's small business size
standards.
After considering the economic impacts of today's proposed rule on
small entities, I certify that this action will not have a significant
impact on a substantial number of small entities.
The EPA identified 40 small companies classified as owning coating
operations by NAICS 313320. Of these 40 small coating companies, 22 (55
percent) are projected to face zero compliance costs. Fifteen (37.5
percent) face costs less than 1 percent of their sales, and two (5
percent) have cost-to-sales ratios between 1 and 3 percent. Only one
(2.5 percent) of these companies has a cost-to-sales ratio that exceeds
3 percent (3.2 percent). This analysis leads us to conclude that there
is not a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities
in the coating and printing subcategory.
For the dyeing and finishing subcategory, the engineering analysis
determined that at most five finishing businesses representing seven
facilities, would face positive compliance costs in order to meet the
requirements specified by the proposed NESHAP. Of these five firms, we
were able to identify one company as large. This means that at most
four small businesses face compliance costs associated with the
proposed rule.
The EPA did not possess sufficient data to identify the five
finishing facilities expected to face compliance costs, so the small
business analysis for finishers consisted of a sensitivity analysis of
cost-to-sales ratios using minimum, mean, median, and maximum estimated
compliance costs for finishing facilities. Sales data were available
for 58 percent of all small business finishers EPA identified including
those not subject to the rule. Using median compliance cost estimates
for finishing sources, EPA found that only three companies had cost-to-
sales ratios between 1 and 3 percent and none had a cost-to-sales ratio
exceeding 3 percent. This analysis leads us to conclude that there is
not a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities in
the dyeing and finishing subcategory.
For the small and large companies that engage in dying and
slashing, compliance costs are limited to monitoring, recordkeeping,
and reporting costs. Based on a qualitative analysis, EPA concludes
that the cost will be minimal.
Although this proposed rule will not have a substantial impact on
small entities, EPA nonetheless has tried to reduce the impact of this
rule on small entities. We made an effort to identify the small
businesses potentially impacted by this rule. For the coating and
printing subcategory we contacted the State regulatory agency or the
facility for every small business we identified. For the dyeing and
finishing subcategory we determined there were few small businesses
potentially impacted by the rule, but were unable to identify these
facilities. We continue to be interested in the potential impacts of
the proposed rule on small entities and welcome comments on issues
related to such impacts.

H. Paperwork Reduction Act

The information collection requirements in the proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act,
44 U.S.C. 3501, et seq. An Information Collection Request (ICR)
document has been prepared by EPA (ICR No. 2071.01) and a copy may be
obtained from Sandy Farmer by mail at the Collection Strategies
Division (2822), U.S. EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington,
DC 20460, by e-mail at farmer.sandy@epa.gov, or by calling (202) 260-
2740. A copy may also be downloaded off the internet at http://
www.epa.gov/icr. The information requirements are not effective until
OMB approves them.
The information requirements are based on notification,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in the NESHAP General
Provisions (subpart A of 40 CFR part 63), which are mandatory for all
operators subject to national emission standards. These recordkeeping
and reporting requirements are specifically authorized by section 114
of the CAA (42 U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to the EPA
pursuant to the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for which a
claim of confidentiality is made is safeguarded according to EPA
policies set forth in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
The proposed standards would require maintaining records of all
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning
materials data and calculations used to determine compliance. This
information includes the amount (kg) used during each monthly
compliance period, mass fraction organic HAP, and, for coating and
printing materials only, mass fraction of solids.
If an add-on control device is used, records must be kept of the
capture efficiency of the capture system,

[[Page 46053]]

destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on control device, and the
monitored operating parameters. In addition, records must be kept of
each calculation of the affected sourcewide emissions for each monthly
compliance period and all data, calculations, test results, and other
supporting information used to determine this value.
The monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting burden for this
collection (averaged over the first 3 years after the effective date of
the promulgated rule) is estimated to be 213 labor hours per affected
source at a total annual cost of $1.4 million. This estimate includes,
for affected sources with existing or newly-installed add-on control
systems, a one-time performance test and report (with repeat tests
where needed), one-time submission of a SSMP with semiannual reports
for any event when the procedures in the plan were not followed,
semiannual compliance status reports, and recordkeeping. There are no
capital/startup costs associated with the monitoring requirements.
Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements;
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information;
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information;
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
rules are listed in 40 CFR part 9 and 48 CFR chapter 15.
Comments are requested on the EPA's need for this information, the
accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods
for minimizing respondent burden, including through the use of
automated collection techniques. By U.S. Postal Service, send comments
on the ICR to the Director, Collection Strategies Division (2822), U.S.
EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460 (or by courier,
send comments on the ICR to the Director, Collection Strategies
Division (2822), U.S. EPA, 401 M Street, SW., Room 925H, West Tower,
Washington, DC 20460; and to the Office of Information and Regulatory
Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, 725 17th St., NW.,
Washington, DC 20503, marked ``Attention: Desk Officer for EPA.''
Include the ICR number in any correspondence. Since OMB is required to
make a decision concerning the ICR between 30 and 60 days after July
11, 2002, a comment to OMB is best assured of having its full effect if
OMB receives it by August 12, 2002. The final rule will respond to any
OMB or public comments on the information collection requirements
contained in the proposed rule.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law No. 104-113, Sec. 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272
note), directs EPA to use voluntary consensus standards (VCS) in its
regulatory and procurement activities unless to do so would be
inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. The VCS are
technical standards (e.g., material specifications, test methods,
sampling and analytical procedures, business practices) developed or
adopted by one or more voluntary consensus bodies. The NTTAA directs
EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations when the Agency does
not use available and applicable VCS.
The proposed rule involves technical standards. The EPA proposes in
the proposed rule to use EPA Methods 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, 2G, 3,
3A, 3B, 4, 24, 25, 25A, 204, 204A-F, and 311. Consistent with the
NTTAA, EPA conducted searches to identify VCS in addition to these EPA
methods. No applicable VCS were identified for EPA Methods 1A, 2A, 2D,
2F, 2G, 204, and 204A-F. The search and review results have been
documented and are placed in the docket for the proposed rule.
The VCS ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas
Analyses,'' is cited in the proposed rule for its manual method for
measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide content of
exhaust gas. This part of ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 is an acceptable
alternative to Method 3B.
Six VCS: ASTM D1475-90, ASTM D2369-95, ASTM D3792-91, ASTM D4017-
96a, ASTM D4457-85 (Reapproved 91), and ASTM D5403-93 are already
incorporated by reference in EPA Method 24. Five VCS: ASTM D1979-91,
ASTM D3432-89, ASTM D4747-87, ASTM D4827-93, and ASTM PS 9-94 are
incorporated by reference in EPA Method 311.
In addition to the VCS EPA proposes to use in the proposed rule,
the search for emissions monitoring procedures identified 16 other VCS.
The EPA determined that ten of these 16 standards would not be
practical due to lack of equivalency, detail, and/or quality assurance/
quality control requirements. Therefore, we do not propose to adopt
these VCS in the proposed rule. The reasons for this determination for
the ten methods are discussed below.
The standard ISO 10780:1994, ``Stationary Source Emissions--
Measurement of Velocity and Volume Flowrate of Gas Streams in Ducts,''
is impractical as an alternative to EPA Method 2 in the proposed rule.
This standard recommends the use of L-shaped pitots, which historically
have not been recommended by EPA because the S type design has large
openings which are less likely to plug up with dust.
The standard ASTM D3464-96, ``Standard Test Method Average Velocity
in a Duct Using a Thermal Anemometer,'' is impractical as an
alternative to EPA Method 2 for the purposes of the proposed rule
primarily because applicability specifications are not clearly defined,
e.g., range of gas composition, temperature limits. Also, the lack of
supporting quality assurance data for the calibration procedures and
specifications, and certain variability issues that are not adequately
addressed by the standard limit EPA's ability to make a definitive
comparison of the method in these areas.
The standard EN 12619:1999, ``Stationary Source Emissions--
Determination of the Mass Concentration of Total Gaseous Organic Carbon
at Low Concentrations in Flue Gases--Continuous Flame Ionization
Detector Method,'' is an impractical alternative to EPA Method 25A for
the purposes of the proposed rule. This standard is impractical because
it does not measure solvent process vapors in concentrations greater
than 40 ppm carbon. A method whose upper limit is 40 ppm carbon has a
measurement range too limited to be useful in measuring source
emissions.
Four of the ten VCS are impractical alternatives to EPA test
methods for the purposes of the proposed rule because they are too
general, too broad, or not sufficiently detailed to assure compliance
with EPA regulatory requirements: ASTM 3796-90 (Reapproved 1996),
``Standard Practice for Calibration of Type S Pitot Tubes,'' for EPA
Method 2; ASTM D3271-87, ``Standard Practice for Direct Injection of
Solvent-Reducible Paints into a Gas

[[Page 46054]]

Chromatograph for Solvent Analysis,'' for EPA Method 311; ASTM E337-84
(Reapproved 1996), ``Standard Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a
Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures),'' for
EPA Method 4; and CAN/CSA Z223.2-M86(1986), ``Method for the Continuous
Measurement of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur
Dioxide, and Oxides of Nitrogen in Enclosed Combustion Flue Gas
Streams,'' for EPA Method 3A.
Three of the ten VCS are impractical alternatives to EPA test
methods for the purposes of the proposed rule because they lacked
sufficient quality assurance and quality control requirements necessary
for EPA compliance assurance requirements: ASTM D3154-91, ``Standard
Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot Tube Method),'' for EPA
Methods 1, 2, 2C, 3, 3B, and 4; ASTM D5835-95, ``Standard Practice for
Sampling Stationary Source Emissions for Automated Determination of Gas
Concentration,'' for EPA Method 3A; and ISO 10396:1993, ``Stationary
Source Emissions: Sampling for the Automated Determination of Gas
Concentrations,'' for EPA Method 3A.
The following six of the 16 VCS identified in this search were not
available at the time the review was conducted for the purposes of the
proposed rule because they are under development by a voluntary
consensus body: ASME/BSR MFC 12M, ``Flow in Closed Conduits Using
Multiport Averaging Pitot Primary Flowmeters,'' for EPA Method 2; ASME/
BSR MFC 13M, ``Flow Measurement by Velocity Traverse,'' for EPA Method
1 (and possibly 2); ISO/DIS 11890-1 Part 1, ``Paints and Varnishes--
Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content--Difference
Method,'' for EPA Method 24; ISO/DIS 11890-2 Part 2, ``Paints and
Varnishes--Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content--
Gas Chromatographic Method,'' for EPA Method 24; ISO/DIS 12039,
``Stationary Source Emissions--Determination of Carbon Monoxide, Carbon
Dioxide, and Oxygen--Automated Methods,'' for EPA Method 3A; and ISO/
FDIS 14965, ``Air Quality--Determination of Total Nonmethane Organic
Compounds--Cryogenic Preconcentration and Direct Flame Ionization
Method,'' for EPA Method 25A and parts of Method 25. While we are not
proposing to include these six VCS in today's proposal, EPA will
consider the standards when final.
The EPA takes comment on compliance demonstration requirements
proposed in this rule and specifically invites the public to identify
potentially applicable VCS. Commenters should also explain why the
proposed rule should adopt these VCS in lieu of or in addition to EPA's
standards. Emission test methods and performance specifications
submitted for evaluation should be accompanied with a basis for the
recommendation, including method validation data and the procedure used
to validate the candidate method (if a method other than Method 301, 40
CFR part 63, appendix A, was used).
Section 63.8 of subpart A of the General Provisions allows for any
State or source to apply to EPA for permission to use an alternative
method in place of any of the EPA testing methods or performance
standards.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Intergovernmental
relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Dated: June 17, 2002.
Christine Todd Whitman,
Administrator.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, part
63 of the Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as
follows:

PART 63--[AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.

2. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart OOOO to read as follows:
Subpart OOOO--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants:
Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles

What This Subpart Covers

Sec.
63.4280 What is the purpose of this subpart?
63.4281 Am I subject to this subpart?
63.4282 What part of my plant does this subpart cover?
63.4283 When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Emission Limitations

63.4290 What emission limits must I meet?
63.4291 What are my options for meeting the emission limits?
63.4292 What operating limits must I meet?
63.4293 What work practice standards must I meet?

General Compliance Requirements

63.4300 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
63.4301 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?

Notifications, Reports, and Records

63.4310 What notifications must I submit?
63.4320 What reports must I submit?
63.4330 What records must I keep?
63.4331 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?

Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option

63.4340 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
63.4341 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.4342 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On Controls
Option

63.4350 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
63.4351 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.4352 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls
Option

63.4360 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
63.4361 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
63.4362 [Reserved]
63.4363 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

Compliance Requirements for the Organic HAP Overall Control Efficiency
and Oxidizer Outlet Organic HAP Concentration Options

63.4365 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
63.4366 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
63.4367 [Reserved]
63.4368 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

Performance Testing and Monitoring Requirements

63.4370 What are the general requirements for performance tests?
63.4371 How do I determine the emission capture system efficiency?
63.4372 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?
63.4373 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on
control device operating limits during the performance test?
63.4374 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system (CPMS) installation, operation, and maintenance?

Other Requirements and Information

63.4380 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.4381 What definitions apply to this subpart?

[[Page 46055]]

Tables to Subpart OOOO of Part 63

Table 1 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63--Emission Limits for New or
Reconstructed and Existing Affected Sources in the Printing,
Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles Source Category
Table 2 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63--Operating Limits if Using Add-On
Control Devices and Capture System
Table 3 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63--Applicability of General
Provisions to Subpart OOOO
Table 4 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63--Default Organic HAP Mass
Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends
Table 5 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63--Default Organic HAP Mass
Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups

Subpart OOOO--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants: Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other
Textiles

What This Subpart Covers

Sec. 63.4280 What is the purpose of this subpart?

This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants (NESHAP) for fabric and other textiles printing, coating
and dyeing facilities. This subpart also establishes requirements to
demonstrate initial and continuous compliance with the emission
limitations.

Sec. 63.4281 Am I subject to this subpart?

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, the source
category to which this subpart applies is the printing, coating,
slashing, dyeing or finishing of fabric and other textiles, and it
includes the subcategories listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of
this section.
(1) The coating and printing subcategory includes any facility that
coats or prints fabric or other textiles. Coating and printing
operations are defined in Sec. 63.4381. Coated and printed substrates
are used in products including, but not limited to, architectural
structures, apparel, flexible hoses, hot-air balloons, lightweight
liners, luggage, military fabric, rainwear, sheets, tents, threads and
V-belts. The coating and printing subcategory includes any fabric or
other textile coating line that also performs coating on another
substrate unless such coating is specifically exempted from this
subpart by another NESHAP in this part.
(2) The slashing subcategory includes any facility with slashing
operations as defined in Sec. 63.4381. In the slashing process, sizing
compounds are applied to warp yarn to bind the fiber together and
stiffen the yarn to provide abrasion resistance during weaving.
(3) The dyeing and finishing subcategory includes any facility that
dyes or finishes a fabric or other textiles. Dyeing and finishing
operations are defined in Sec. 63.4381. Dyed and finished textiles are
used in a wide range of products including, but not limited to,
apparel, carpets, high-performance industrial fabrics, luggage,
military fabrics, outer wear, sheets, towels, and threads.
(b) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a new,
reconstructed, or existing affected source, as defined in Sec. 63.4282,
that is a major source, is located at a major source, or is part of a
major source of hazardous air pollutants (HAP). A major source of HAP
emissions is any stationary source or group of stationary sources
located within a contiguous area and under common control that emits or
has the potential to emit any single HAP at a rate of 9.07 megagrams
(Mg) (10 tons) or more per year or any combination of HAP at a rate of
22.68 Mg (25 tons) or more per year.
(c) This subpart does not apply to coating, printing, slashing,
dyeing, or finishing operations that meet the criteria of paragraphs
(c)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) Coating, printing, slashing, dyeing or finishing operations
conducted at a source that uses only coating, printing, slashing,
dyeing, finishing, thinning and cleaning materials that contain no
organic HAP as determined according to Sec. 63.4341.
(2) Coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing that occurs
at research or laboratory facilities or that is part of janitorial,
building, and facility maintenance operations.
(3) Coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing used by a
facility and not for commerce, unless organic HAP emissions from the
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing or finishing operations are as high
as the major source HAP emissions specified in paragraph (b) of this
section.

63.4282 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?

(a) This subpart applies to each new, reconstructed, and existing
affected source within each of the three subcategories listed in
Sec. 63.4281(a).
(b) The affected source for the coating and printing subcategory is
the collection of all of the items listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through
(5) of this section that are used in coating and printing operations.
The regulated materials for the coating and printing subcategory are
the coating, printing, thinning and cleaning materials used in the
affected source.
(1) All web coating and printing equipment used to apply cleaning
materials to a substrate to prepare it for coating or printing material
application, to apply coating or printing materials to a substrate and
to dry or cure the coating or printing materials, or to clean coating/
printing operation equipment;
(2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which coating,
printing, thinning, or cleaning materials are stored or mixed;
(3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for
conveying coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning materials;
(4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment
and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a
coating or printing operation; and
(5) All manual and automated equipment, structures, and/or
devices(s) used to convey, treat, or dispose of wastewater streams or
residuals.
(c) The affected source for the slashing subcategory is the
collection of all of the items listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (5)
of this section that are used in slashing operations. The regulated
materials for the slashing subcategory are the slashing materials used
in the affected source.
(1) All slashing equipment used to apply and dry size on warp yarn;
(2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which slashing
materials are stored or mixed;
(3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for
conveying slashing materials;
(4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment
and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a
slashing operation; and
(5) All manual and automated equipment, structures, and/or
devices(s) used to convey, treat, or dispose of wastewater streams or
residuals.
(d) The affected source for the dyeing and finishing subcategory is
the collection of all of the items listed in paragraphs (d)(1) through
(5) of this section that are used in dyeing and finishing operations.
The regulated materials for the dyeing and finishing subcategory are
the dyeing, finishing and cleaning materials used in the affected
source.
(1) All dyeing and finishing equipment used to apply dyeing or
finishing materials, to fix dyeing materials to the substrate, to rinse
the textile substrate, to dry or cure the dyeing or finishing
materials, or to clean dyeing/finishing operation equipment;
(2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which dyeing,
finishing or cleaning materials are stored or mixed;

[[Page 46056]]

(3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for
conveying dyeing, finishing or cleaning materials;
(4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment
and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a
coating or printing operation; and
(5) All manual and automated equipment, structures, and/or
devices(s) used to convey, treat, or dispose of wastewater streams or
residuals.
(e) An affected source is a new source if it meets the criteria in
paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the criteria in either paragraph
(e)(2) or (3) of this section.
(1) You commenced the construction of the source after July 11,
2002, by installing new coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or
finishing equipment.
(2) The new coating, printing, slashing, dyeing or finishing
equipment is used at a source where no coating, printing, slashing,
dyeing or finishing was previously performed.
(3) The new coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing
equipment is used in a subcategory in which no equipment was previously
used.
(f) An affected source is reconstructed if you meet the criteria as
defined in Sec. 63.2.
(g) An affected source is existing if it is not new or
reconstructed.

Sec. 63.4283 When do I have to comply with this subpart?

The date by which you must comply with this subpart is called the
compliance date. The compliance date for each type of affected source
is specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section. The
compliance date begins the initial compliance period during which you
conduct the initial compliance demonstration described in
Secs. 63.4340, 63.4350, 63.4360, and 63.4365.
(a) For a new or reconstructed affected source, the compliance date
is the applicable date in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section:
(1) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source is before [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], the compliance date is the [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER].
(2) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source occurs after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], the compliance date is the date of initial startup of your
affected source.
(b) For an existing affected source, the compliance date is the
date 3 years after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER].
(c) For an area source that increases its emissions or its
potential to emit such that it becomes a major source of HAP emissions,
the compliance date is specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) For any portion of the source that becomes a new or
reconstructed affected source subject to this subpart, the compliance
date is the date of initial startup of the affected source or [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is later.
(2) For any portion of the source that becomes an existing affected
source subject to this subpart, the compliance date is the date 1 year
after the area source becomes a major source or 3 years after [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is later.
(d) You must meet the notification requirements in Sec. 63.4310
according to the dates specified in that section and in subpart A of
this part. Some of the notifications must be submitted before the
compliance dates described in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section.

Emission Limitations

Sec. 63.4290 What emission limits must I meet?

You must meet the emission limit for the subcategory or
subcategories present in your facility. The three subcategories are:
coating and printing, slashing, and dyeing and finishing. Table 1 to
this subpart presents the emission limits for a new or reconstructed
affected source and for an existing affected source in each
subcategory.

Sec. 63.4291 What are my options for meeting the emission limits?

You must include all regulated materials (as defined in
Sec. 63.4381) used in the affected source when determining whether the
organic HAP emission rate is equal to or less than the applicable
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. To make this determination,
you must use at least one of the compliance options for the subcategory
listed in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.
(a) Coating and printing. You may apply any one of the compliance
options in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section to an
individual coating/printing operation or to multiple coating/printing
operations in the affected source as a group or to the entire affected
source in the coating and printing subcategory. You may use different
compliance options for different coating/printing operations or at
different times on the same coating/printing operation. However, you
may not use different compliance options at the same time on the same
coating/printing operation. If you switch between compliance options
for any coating/printing operation or group of operations, you must
document this switch as required by Sec. 63.4330(c), and you must
report it in the next semiannual compliance report required in
Sec. 63.4320.
(1) Compliant material option. Demonstrate that the organic HAP
content of each coating and printing material used in the coating/
printing operation(s) is less than or equal to the applicable emission
limit in Table 1 to this subpart, and that each thinning and cleaning
material used contains no organic HAP. You must meet all the
requirements of Secs. 63.4340, 63.4341, and 63.4342 to demonstrate
compliance with the applicable emission limit using this option.
(2) Emission rate without add-on controls option. Demonstrate that,
based on the regulated materials used in the coating/printing
operation(s), the organic HAP emission rate for the coating/printing
operation(s) is less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in
Table 1 to this subpart, calculated as a monthly emission rate. You
must meet all the requirements of Secs. 63.4350, 63.4351, and 63.4352
to demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission limit using this
option.
(3) Emission rate with add-on controls option. Demonstrate that,
based on the regulated materials used in the coating/printing
operation(s) and the organic HAP emissions reductions achieved by
emission capture systems and add-on controls, the organic HAP emission
rate for the coating/printing operation(s) is less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, calculated as a
monthly emission rate. If you use this compliance option, you must also
demonstrate that all capture systems and control devices for the
coating/printing operation(s) meet the operating limits required in
Sec. 63.4292, except for solvent recovery systems for which you conduct
liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), and
that you meet the work practice standards required in Sec. 63.4293. You
must meet all the requirements of Secs. 63.4360 through 63.4363 and
Secs. 63.4370 through 63.4374 to demonstrate compliance with the
emission limits, operating limits, and work practice standards using
this option.
(4) Organic HAP overall control efficiency option. Demonstrate
that,

[[Page 46057]]

based on the organic HAP emission capture and add-on control
efficiencies achieved, the organic HAP overall control efficiency is
greater than or equal to the applicable organic HAP overall control
efficiency limit in Table 1 to this subpart. If you use this compliance
option, you must also demonstrate that all capture systems and control
devices for the coating/printing operation(s) meet the operating limits
required in Sec. 63.4292, except for solvent recovery systems for which
you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), and that you meet the work practice standards
required in Sec. 63.4293. You must meet all the requirements of
Secs. 63.4365 through 63.4368 and Secs. 63.4370 through 63.4374 to
demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission limits, operating
limits, and work practice standards using this option.
(5) Oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration limit.
If you use an oxidizer to control organic HAP emissions,
demonstrate that the oxidizer is operated such that the outlet organic
HAP concentration is no greater than 20 parts per million by volume
(ppmv) on a dry basis, and the efficiency of the capture system is 100
percent. If you use this compliance option, you must also demonstrate
that all capture systems and oxidizers for the coating/printing
operation(s) meet the operating limits required in Sec. 63.4292, and
that you meet the work practice standards required in Sec. 63.4293. You
must meet all the requirements of Secs. 63.4365 through 63.4368 and
Secs. 63.4370 through 63.4374 to demonstrate compliance with the
applicable emission limits, operating limits, and work practice
standards using this option.
(b) Slashing. You must use the compliant material option to
demonstrate that the mass fraction of organic HAP in each slashing
material used in the slashing operation(s) is less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. You must meet all
the requirements of Secs. 63.4340, 63.4341, and 63.4342 to demonstrate
compliance with the applicable emission limit.
(c) Dyeing and finishing. You may apply either of the compliance
options in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section to an individual
dyeing/finishing operation or to multiple dyeing/finishing operations
in the affected source as a group or to the entire affected source in
the dyeing and finishing subcategory. You may use different compliance
options for different dyeing/finishing operations or at different times
on the same dyeing/finishing operation. However, you may not use
different compliance options at the same time on the same dyeing/
finishing operation. If you switch between compliance options for any
dyeing/finishing operation or group of operations, you must document
this switch as required by Sec. 63.4330(c), and you must report it in
the next semiannual compliance report required in Sec. 63.4320.
(1) Compliant material option. Demonstrate that the mass fraction
of organic HAP in each dyeing, finishing, and cleaning material used in
the dyeing/finishing operation(s) is less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. You must meet all
the requirements of Secs. 63.4340, 63.4341, and 63.4342 to demonstrate
compliance with the applicable emission limit using this option.
(2) Emission rate without add-on controls option. Demonstrate that,
based on the dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials used in the
dyeing/finishing operation(s), the organic HAP emission rate for the
dyeing operation(s), the organic HAP emission rate for the finishing
operation(s) or the combined organic HAP emission rate for dyeing and
finishing is less than or equal to the applicable emission limit(s) in
Table 1 to this subpart, calculated as a monthly emission rate. You
must meet all the requirements of Secs. 63.4350, 63.4351, and 63.4352
to demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission limit(s) using
this option.

Sec. 63.4292 What operating limits must I meet?

(a) For any coating/printing operation, slashing operation, or
dyeing/finishing operation on which you use the compliant material
option or coating/printing operation or dyeing/finishing operation on
which you use the emission rate without add-on controls option, you are
not required to meet any operating limits.
(b) For any controlled coating/printing operation on which you use
the emission rate with add-on controls option, the organic HAP overall
control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration option, except those for which you use a solvent recovery
system and conduct a liquid-liquid material balance according to
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must meet the operating limits specified in
Table 2 of this subpart. These operating limits apply to the emission
capture and control systems on the coating/printing operation(s) for
which you use this option, and you must establish the operating limits
during the performance test according to the procedures in
Sec. 63.4367. You must meet the operating limits at all times after you
establish them.
(c) If you use an add-on control device other than those listed in
Table 2 of this subpart, or wish to monitor an alternative parameter
and comply with a different operating limit, you must apply to the
Administrator for approval of alternative monitoring under
Sec. 63.8(f).

Sec. 63.4293 What work practice standards must I meet?

(a) For any slashing operation or dyeing/finishing operation, you
are not required to meet any work practice standards. For any coating/
printing operation(s) on which you use the compliant material option or
the emission rate without add-on controls option, you are not required
to meet any work practice standards.
(b) If you use either the emission rate with add-on controls
option, the organic HAP overall control efficiency option, or the
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option for a coating/printing
operation, you must develop and implement a work practice plan to
minimize organic HAP emissions from the storage, mixing, and conveying
of coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials used in, and
waste materials generated by, the coating/printing operations for which
you use this option; or you must meet an alternative standard as
provided in paragraph (c) of this section. The plan must specify
practices and procedures to ensure that, at a minimum, the elements
specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section are
implemented.
(1) All organic-HAP-containing coating, printing, thinning,
cleaning, and waste materials must be stored in closed containers.
(2) Spills of organic-HAP-containing coating, printing, thinning or
cleaning materials, and waste materials must be minimized.
(3) Organic-HAP-containing coating, printing, thinning, cleaning,
and waste materials must be conveyed from one location to another in
closed containers or pipes.
(4) Mixing vessels which contain organic-HAP-containing coating,
printing, thinning and other materials must be closed except when
adding to, removing, or mixing the contents.
(5) Emissions of organic HAP must be minimized during cleaning of
storage, mixing, and conveying equipment.
(c) As provided in Sec. 63.6(g), we, EPA, may choose to grant you
permission to use an alternative to the work practice standards in this
section.

[[Page 46058]]

General Compliance Requirements

Sec. 63.4300 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?

(a) You must be in compliance with the emission limitations in this
subpart as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) Each affected source must be in compliance with the applicable
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart at all times.
(2) Any coating/printing operation for which you use either the
emission rate with add-on controls option, as specified in
Sec. 63.4291(a)(3), the organic HAP overall control efficiency option,
as specified in Sec. 63.4291(a)(4), or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration option, as specified in Sec. 63.4291(a)(5), must be in
compliance with the emission limitations as specified in paragraphs
(a)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The coating/printing operations must be in compliance with the
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart at all times.
(ii) Each controlled coating/printing operation must be in
compliance with the operating limits for emission capture systems and
add-on control devices required by Sec. 63.4292 at all times except for
solvent recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-liquid material
balances according to Sec. 63.4361(h).
(iii) Each controlled coating/printing operation must be in
compliance with the work practice standards in Sec. 63.4293 at all
times.
(b) You must always operate and maintain your affected source,
including air pollution control and monitoring equipment, according to
the provisions in Sec. 63.6(e)(1)(i).
(c) If your affected source uses an emission capture system and
add-on control device, you must develop and implement a written
startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in
Sec. 63.6(e)(3). The plan must address the startup, shutdown, and
corrective actions in the event of a malfunction of the emission
capture system or the add-on control device. The plan must also address
any coating/printing operation equipment that may cause increased
emissions or that would affect capture efficiency if the process
equipment malfunctions, such as conveyors that move the substrate among
enclosures.

Sec. 63.4301 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?

Table 3 to this subpart shows which parts of the General Provisions
in Secs. 63.1 through 63.15 apply to you.

Notifications, Reports, and Records

Sec. 63.4310 What notifications must I submit?

(a) You must submit the notifications in Secs. 63.7(b) and (c),
63.8(f)(4), and 63.9(b) through (e) and (h) that apply to you by the
dates specified in those sections, except as provided in paragraphs (b)
and (c) of this section.
(b) Initial Notification. You must submit the Initial Notification
required by Sec. 63.9(b) for a new or reconstructed affected source no
later than 120 days after initial startup or 120 days after [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is later.
For an existing affected source, you must submit the Initial
Notification no later than 1 year after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER].
(c) Notification of Compliance Status. You must submit the
Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.9(h) no later
than 30 calendar days following the end of the initial compliance
period described in Sec. 63.4340, Sec. 63.4350, or Sec. 63.4360 that
applies to your affected source. The Notification of Compliance Status
must contain the information specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (9)
of this section and in Sec. 63.9(h).
(1) Company name and address.
(2) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(3) Date of the report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the initial compliance period
described in Sec. 63.4340, Sec. 63.4350, Sec. 63.4360, or Sec. 63.4365
that applies to your affected source.
(4) Identification of the compliance option or options specified in
Sec. 63.4291 that you used during the initial compliance period on each
coating/printing operation in each coating/printing affected source, on
each slashing operation in each slashing affected source, and on each
dyeing/finishing operation in each dyeing/finishing affected source.
(5) Statement of whether or not the affected source achieved the
emission limitations for the initial compliance period.
(6) If you had a deviation, include the information in paragraphs
(c)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) A description of and statement of the cause of the deviation.
(ii) If you failed to meet the applicable emission limit in Table 1
to this subpart, include all the calculations you used to determine the
kilogram (kg) organic HAP emitted per kg of solids used in coating and
printing material or the weight percent organic HAP compounds in
slashing, dyeing or finishing material to demonstrate your failure to
meet the applicable emission limit. You do not need to submit
information provided by the materials suppliers or manufacturers or
test reports.
(7) For each of the data items listed in paragraphs (c)(7)(i)
through (iii) of this section that is required by the compliance
option(s) you used to demonstrate compliance with the emission limit,
include an example of how you determined the value, including
calculations and supporting data. Supporting data can include a copy of
the information provided by the supplier or manufacturer of the example
regulated material or a summary of the results of testing conducted
according to Sec. 63.4341(a), (b), or (c). You do not need to submit
copies of any test reports.
(i) Mass fraction of organic HAP and mass fraction of solids for
one coating or printing formulation including thinning materials, mass
fraction of organic HAP for one cleaning material and mass fraction of
organic HAP for all of the regulated materials ``as purchased'' used in
one slashing operation or dyeing/ finishing operation.
(ii) Mass of coating or printing formulation used in coating/
printing operation or of regulated materials used in slashing or
dyeing/finishing operation during the compliance period.
(iii) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP
contained in the waste materials for which you are claiming an
allowance in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4351.
(8) The calculation of kg organic HAP per kg of coating and
printing solids used and of kg organic HAP per kg of dyeing and
finishing material ``as purchased'' for the compliance option(s) you
use, as specified in paragraphs (c)(8)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) For the compliant material option as specified in
Sec. 63.4291(a)(1) for coating/printing operations and
Sec. 63.4291(c)(1) for dyeing/finishing operations, provide an example
calculation of the organic HAP content for one coating and one printing
material, or for one dyeing and one finishing material, as appropriate,
using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4341.
(ii) For the emission rate without add-on controls options as
specified in Sec. 63.4291(a)(2) for coating/printing operations,
provide the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions; the
calculation of the total mass of coating and printing solids used; and
the calculation of the organic

[[Page 46059]]

HAP emission rate, using Equations 1, 2, and 3, respectively, of
Sec. 63.4351.
(iii) For the emission rate without add-on controls option as
specified in Sec. 63.4291(b)(2) for dyeing/finishing operations,
provide the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions; the
calculation of the total mass of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning
materials used; and the calculation of the organic HAP emission rate,
using Equations 5, 6, and 7, respectively, of Sec. 63.4351.
(iv) For the emission rate with add-on controls option as specified
in Sec. 63.4291(a)(3), provide the calculation of the total mass of
organic HAP emissions before add-on controls using Equation 1 of
Sec. 63.4351, and the calculation of the organic HAP emission rate
using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4361.
(9) For the emission rate with add-on controls option as specified
in Sec. 63.4291(a)(3), the organic HAP overall control efficiency
option as specified in Sec. 63.4291(a)(4), and the oxidizer outlet
organic HAP concentration option as specified in Sec. 63.4291(a)(5),
for each controlled coating/printing operation using an emission
capture system and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery
system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according
to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must include the information specified in
paragraphs (c)(9)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) For each emission capture system, a summary of the data and
copies of the calculations supporting the determination that the
emission capture system is a permanent total enclosure (PTE) or a
measurement of the emission capture system efficiency. If you are
demonstrating compliance with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration option, the emission capture system must be a PTE.
Include a description of the protocol followed for measuring capture
efficiency, summaries of any capture efficiency tests conducted, and
any calculations supporting the capture efficiency determination. If
you use the data quality objective (DQO) or lower confidence limit
(LCL) approach, you must also include the statistical calculations to
show you meet the DQO or LCL criteria in appendix A to subpart KK of
this part. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
(ii) A summary of the results of each add-on control device
performance test. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
(iii) A list of each emission capture system's and add-on control
device's operating limits and a summary of the data used to calculate
those limits.
(iv) A statement of whether or not you developed and implemented
the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4293 and the startup,
shutdown and malfunction plan required by Sec. 63.4300.

Sec. 63.4320 What reports must I submit?

(a) Semiannual compliance reports. You must submit semiannual
compliance reports for each affected source according to the
requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (7) of this section. The
semiannual compliance reporting requirements of this section may be
satisfied by reports required under other parts of the Clean Air Act
(CAA), as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(1) Dates. Unless the Administrator has approved a different
schedule for submission of reports under Sec. 63.10(a), you must
prepare and submit each semiannual compliance report according to the
dates specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) The first semiannual compliance report must cover the first
semiannual reporting period which begins the day after the end of the
initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.4340, Sec. 63.4350,
Sec. 63.4360, or Sec. 63.4365 that applies to your affected source and
ends on June 30 or December 31, whichever date is the first date at
least 6 months after the end of the initial compliance period.
(ii) Each subsequent semiannual compliance report must cover the
subsequent semiannual reporting period from January 1 through June 30
or the semiannual reporting period from July 1 through December 31.
(iii) Each semiannual compliance report must be postmarked or
delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date is the
first date following the end of the semiannual reporting period.
(iv) For each affected source that is subject to permitting
regulations pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, and if the
permitting authority has established dates for submitting semiannual
reports pursuant to 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR
71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), you may submit the first and subsequent compliance
reports according to the dates the permitting authority has established
instead of according to the date specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this
section.
(2) Inclusion with title V report. Each affected source that has
obtained a title V operating permit pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40
CFR part 71 must report all deviations as defined in this subpart in
the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A)
or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). If an affected source submits a
semiannual compliance report pursuant to this section along with, or as
part of, the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR
70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), and the semiannual
compliance report includes all required information concerning
deviations from any emission limitation in this subpart, its submission
shall be deemed to satisfy any obligation to report the same deviations
in the semiannual monitoring report. However, submission of a
semiannual compliance report shall not otherwise affect any obligation
the affected source may have to report deviations from permit
requirements to the permitting authority.
(3) General requirements. The semiannual compliance report must
contain the information specified in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) through (v)
of this section, and the information specified in paragraphs (a)(4)
through (7) and (c)(1) of this section that is applicable to your
affected source.
(i) Company name and address.
(ii) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(iii) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the 6-month period ending on
June 30 or December 31.
(iv) Identification of the compliance option or options specified
in Sec. 63.4291 that you used on each coating/printing operation,
slashing operation, and dyeing/finishing operation during the reporting
period. If you switched between compliance options during the reporting
period, you must report the beginning and ending dates you used each
option.
(v) If you used the emission rate without add-on controls, the
emission rate with add-on controls, or the organic HAP overall control
efficiency compliance option (Sec. 63.4291(a)(2), (3), or (4)), the
calculation results for each month during the 6-month reporting period.
(4) No deviations. If there were no deviations from the emission
limitations in Table 1 to this subpart, Sec. 63.4292, and Sec. 63.4293
that apply to you, the semiannual compliance report must include a
statement that there were no deviations from the emission limitations
during the reporting period. If you use the emission rate with add-on
controls option, the organic HAP overall control efficiency option, or
the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option and there were no
periods during which the

[[Page 46060]]

continuous parameter monitoring systems (CPMS) were out-of-control as
specified in Sec. 63.8(c)(7), the semiannual compliance report must
include a statement that there were no periods during which the CPMS
were out-of-control during the reporting period.
(5) Deviations: compliant material option. If you use the compliant
material option, and there was a deviation from the applicable HAP
content requirements in Table 1 to this subpart, the semiannual
compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs (a)(5)(i)
through (iv) of this section.
(i) Identification of each coating, printing, slashing, dyeing or
finishing material used that deviated from the emission limit, each
cleaning material used in dyeing/finishing operations that deviated
from the emission limit, and each thinning or cleaning material used in
coating/printing operations that contained organic HAP, and the dates
and time periods each was used.
(ii) The calculation of the organic HAP content using Equation 1 of
Sec. 63.4341 for each regulated material identified in paragraph
(a)(5)(i) of this section. You do not need to submit background data
supporting this calculation (e.g., information provided by material
suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
(iii) The determination of mass fraction of organic HAP for each
regulated material identified in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section.
You do not need to submit background data supporting this calculation
(e.g., information provided by material suppliers or manufacturers, or
test reports).
(iv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(6) Deviations: emission rate without add-on controls option. If
you use the emission rate without add-on controls option and there was
a deviation from the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this
subpart, the semiannual compliance report must contain the information
in paragraphs (a)(6)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during
which the organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable 1-month
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
(ii) The calculations used to determine the 1-month organic HAP
emission rate for the compliance period in which the deviation
occurred. You must submit the calculations for Equations 1, 1A and 1B,
2, 3, and 4 in Sec. 63.4351, and if applicable, the calculation used to
determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to
Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii) or (b)(3)(ii). You do not need to submit
background data supporting these calculations (e.g., information
provided by materials suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
(iii) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(7) Deviations: add-on controls options. If you use one of the add-
on controls options in Sec. 63.4291(a) and there was a deviation from
an emission limitation (including any periods when emissions bypassed
the add-on control device and were diverted to the atmosphere), the
semiannual compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs
(a)(7)(i) through (xv) of this section. This includes periods of
startup, shutdown, and malfunction during which deviations occurred.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during
which the organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable 1-month
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
(ii) If you use the emission rate option, the calculations used to
determine the 1-month organic HAP emission rate for each compliance
period in which a deviation occurred. You must submit the calculations
that apply to you, including Equations 1, 1A and 1B, 2, 3, and 4 of
Sec. 63.4351; Equations 1, 1A and 1B, 3, and 5 of Sec. 63.4361; and
Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4361. You do not need to submit the background
data supporting these calculations (e.g., information provided by
materials suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
(iii) If you use the organic HAP overall control efficiency option,
the calculations used to determine the 1-month organic HAP overall
control efficiency for each compliance period in which a deviation
occurred. You must submit the calculation of organic HAP overall
control efficiency using Equation 3A of Sec. 63.4361 for a solvent
recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance
according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), or Equation 6 of Sec. 63.4361 for an
emission capture system and add-on control device other than a solvent
recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance
according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5). You do not need to submit the
background data supporting these calculations (e.g., test reports).
(iv) The date and time that each malfunction started and stopped.
(v) A brief description of the CPMS.
(vi) The date of the latest CPMS certification or audit.
(vii) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for
zero (low-level) and high-level checks.
(viii) The date, time, and duration that each CPMS was out-of-
control, including the information in Sec. 63.8(c)(8).
(ix) The date and time period of each deviation from an operating
limit in Table 2 to this subpart, date and time period of any bypass of
the add-on control device, and whether each deviation occurred during a
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period.
(x) A summary of the total duration of each deviation from an
operating limit in Table 2 to this subpart and each bypass of the add-
on control device during the semiannual reporting period and the total
duration as a percent of the total source operating time during that
semiannual reporting period.
(xi) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations from the
operating limits in Table 2 to this subpart and bypasses of the add-on
control device during the semiannual reporting period into those that
were due to startup, shutdown, control equipment problems, process
problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes.
(xii) A summary of the total duration of CPMS downtime during the
semiannual reporting period and the total duration of CPMS downtime as
a percent of the total source operating time during that semiannual
reporting period.
(xiii) A description of any changes in the CPMS, coating/printing
operation, emission capture system, or add-on control device since the
last semiannual reporting period.
(xiv) For each deviation from the work practice standards, a
description of the deviation, the date and time period duration of the
deviation, and the actions you took to correct the deviation.
(xv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(b) Performance test reports. If you use one of the add-on control
options in Sec. 63.4291(a), you must submit reports of performance test
results for emission capture systems and add-on control devices no
later than 60 days after completing the tests as specified in
Sec. 63.10(d)(2).
(c) Startup, shutdown, malfunction reports. If you use one of the
add-on control options in Sec. 63.4291(a) and you have a startup,
shutdown, or malfunction during the semiannual reporting period, you
must submit the reports specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this
section.

[[Page 46061]]

(1) If your actions were consistent with your startup, shutdown,
and malfunction plan, you must include the information specified in
Sec. 63.10(d) in the semiannual compliance report.
(2) If your actions were not consistent with your startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan, you must submit an immediate startup,
shut down, and malfunction report as described in paragraphs (c)(2)(i)
and (ii) of this section as required by paragraph (a) of this section.
(i) You must describe the actions taken during the event in a
report delivered by facsimile, telephone, or other means to the
Administrator within 2 working days after starting actions that are
inconsistent with the plan.
(ii) You must submit a letter to the Administrator within 7 working
days after the end of the event, unless you have made alternative
arrangements with the Administrator as specified in
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(ii). The letter must contain the information specified
in Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(ii).

Sec. 63.4330 What records must I keep?

You must collect and keep a record of the data and information
specified in this section. Failure to collect and keep these records is
a deviation from the applicable standard.
(a) A copy of each notification and report that you submitted to
comply with this subpart, and the documentation supporting each
notification and report.
(b) A current copy of information provided by materials suppliers
or manufacturers, such as manufacturer's formulation data or test data
used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for coating,
printing, slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning
materials; and the mass fraction of solids for coating and printing
materials. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of
organic HAP, of coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing
materials or the mass fraction of solids of coating or printing
materials, you must keep a copy of the complete test report. If you use
information provided to you by the manufacturer or supplier of the
material that was based on testing, you must keep the summary sheet of
results provided to you by the manufacturer or supplier. You are not
required to obtain the test report or other supporting documentation
from the manufacturer or supplier.
(c) For each compliance period, the records specified in paragraph
(c)(1) for coating/printing operations and the records specified in
paragraph (c)(2) for dyeing/finishing operations.
(1) A record of the coating/printing operations on which you used
each compliance option and the time periods (beginning and ending
dates) you used each option. For each month, a record of all required
calculations for the compliance option(s) you used, as specified in
paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) For the compliant material option, a record of the calculation
of the organic HAP content for each coating and printing material,
using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4341.
(ii) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, a record
of the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the
coating, printing, thinning and cleaning materials used each month
using Equations 1, 1A, and 1B of Sec. 63.4351 and, if applicable, the
calculation used to determine the mass of organic HAP in waste
materials according to Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii); the calculation of the
total mass of the solids contained in all coating and printing
materials used each month using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4351; and the
calculation of each 1-month organic HAP emission rate using Equation 3
of Sec. 63.4351.
(iii) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, a record
of the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the
coating, printing, thinning and cleaning materials used each month
using Equations 1, 1A, and 1B of Sec. 63.4351 and, if applicable, the
calculation used to determine the mass of organic HAP in waste
materials according to Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii); the calculation of the
total mass of the solids contained in all coating and printing
materials used each month using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4351; the
calculation of the mass of organic HAP emission reduction by emission
capture systems and add-on control devices using Equations 1 and 1A and
1B of Sec. 63.4361 and Equations 3 and 4 of Sec. 63.4361, as
applicable; and the calculation of each month's organic HAP emission
rate using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4361.
(iv) For the organic HAP overall control efficiency option or the
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option, the records specified
in paragraph (j) of this section.
(2) A record of the dyeing/finishing operations on which you used
each compliance option and the time periods (beginning and ending
dates) you used each option. For each month, a record of all required
calculations for the compliance option(s) you used, as specified in
paragraphs (c)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) For the compliant material option, a record of the calculation
of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each dyeing, finishing, and
cleaning material, according to Sec. 63.4341(h)(1).
(ii) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, the
calculation for the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the dyeing,
finishing and cleaning materials used each month using Equations 4 and
4A of Sec. 63.4351 and, if applicable, the calculation used to
determine the mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to
Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii); the calculation of the total mass of dyeing,
finishing, and cleaning materials used each month using Equation 5 of
Sec. 63.4351; and the calculation of each 1-month organic HAP emission
rate using Equation 6 of Sec. 63.4351.
(d) A record of the name and mass of each coating, printing,
dyeing, finishing, thinning and cleaning material used during each
compliance period. If you are using the compliant material option for
all regulated materials at the source, you may maintain purchase
records for each material used rather than a record of the mass used.
(e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating,
printing, dyeing, finishing, thinning and cleaning material used during
each compliance period.
(f) A record of the mass fraction of coating and printing solids
for each coating and printing material used during each month.
(g) If you use an allowance in Equation 1 or 4 of Sec. 63.4351 for
organic HAP contained in waste materials sent to or designated for
shipment to a treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF)
according to Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii) or (b)(3)(ii), you must keep
records of the information specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through (3)
of this section.
(1) The name and address of each TSDF to which you sent waste
materials for which you used an allowance in Equation 1 or 4 of
Sec. 63.4345, a statement of which subparts under 40 CFR parts 262,
264, 265, and 266 apply to the facility, and the date of each shipment.
(2) Identification of the coating/printing or dyeing/finishing
operations producing waste materials included in each shipment and the
month or months in which you used the allowance for these materials in
Equation 1 or 4, respectively, of Sec. 63.4351.
(3) The methodology used in accordance with Sec. 63.4351(a)(3)(iii)
or (b)(3)(ii) to determine the total amount of waste materials sent to
or the amount collected, stored, and designated for transport to a TSDF
each month; and the methodology to determine the mass of

[[Page 46062]]

organic HAP contained in these waste materials. This must include the
sources for all data used in the determination, methods used to
generate the data, frequency of testing or monitoring, and supporting
calculations and documentation, including the waste manifest for each
shipment.
(h) [Reserved]
(i) You must keep records of the date, time, and duration of each
deviation.
(j) If you use the emission rate with add-on controls option, the
organic HAP overall control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet
organic HAP concentration option, you must keep the records specified
in paragraphs (i)(1) through (8) of this section.
(1) For each deviation, a record of whether the deviation occurred
during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
(2) The records in Sec. 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to
startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
(3) The records required to show continuous compliance with each
operating limit specified in Table 2 to this subpart that applies to
you.
(4) For each capture system that is a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to support a determination that the capture
system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51
for a PTE and has a capture efficiency of 100 percent, as specified in
Sec. 63.4371(a).
(5) For each capture system that is not a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to determine capture efficiency according to the
requirements specified in Secs. 63.4370 and 63.4371(b) through (e)
including the records specified in paragraphs (j)(5)(i) through (iii)
of this section that apply to you.
(i) Records for a liquid-to-fugitive protocol using a temporary
total enclosure or building enclosure. Records of the mass of total
volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) as measured by Method 204A or F of appendix
M to 40 CFR part 51 for each material used in the coating/printing
operation, and the total TVH for all materials used during each capture
efficiency test run, including a copy of the test report. Records of
the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the capture system that
exited the temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each
capture efficiency test run, as measured by Method 204D or E of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51, including a copy of the test report.
Records documenting that the enclosure used for the capture efficiency
test met the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for
either a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure.
(ii) Records for a gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or a building enclosure. Records of the mass of TVH emissions
captured by the emission capture system as measured by Method 204B or C
of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 at the inlet to the add-on control
device, including a copy of the test report. Records of the mass of TVH
emissions not captured by the capture system that exited the temporary
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency
test run as measured by Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part
51, including a copy of the test report. Records documenting that the
enclosure used for the capture efficiency test met the criteria in
Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for either a temporary total
enclosure or a building enclosure.
(iii) Records for an alternative protocol. Records needed to
document a capture efficiency determination using an alternative method
or protocol as specified in Sec. 63.4371(e), if applicable.
(6) The records specified in paragraphs (j)(6)(i) and (ii) of this
section for each add-on control device organic HAP destruction or
removal efficiency determination or oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration determination as specified in Sec. 63.4372.
(i) Records of each add-on control device performance test
conducted according to Secs. 63.4370 and 63.4372.
(ii) Records of the coating/printing operation conditions during
the add-on control device performance test showing that the performance
test was conducted under representative operating conditions.
(7) Records of the data and calculations you used to establish the
emission capture and add-on control device operating limits as
specified in Sec. 63.4373 and to document compliance with the operating
limits as specified in Table 2 to this subpart.
(8) A record of the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4293 and
documentation that you are implementing the plan on a continuous basis.

Sec. 63.4331 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?

(a) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available
for expeditious review, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). Where
appropriate, the records may be maintained as electronic spreadsheets
or as a database.
(b) As specified in Sec. 63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record for
5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement,
maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
(c) You must keep each record on site for at least 2 years after
the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective
action, report, or record, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). You may keep
the records off site for the remaining 3 years.

Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option

Sec. 63.4340 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?

You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial
compliance period according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4341. The
initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the last day of the first full
month after the compliance date. The initial compliance demonstration
includes the calculations according to Sec. 63.4341 and supporting
documentation showing that during the initial compliance period, the
organic HAP content of each coating and printing material you used and
the mass fraction of organic HAP in each slashing, dyeing, finishing,
and cleaning material you used did not exceed the applicable limit in
Table 1 to this subpart, and documentation that you used no thinners or
cleaners in coating/printing operations that contained organic HAP
according to Sec. 63.4341(h).

Sec. 63.4341 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?

(a) You may use the compliant material option for any individual
coating/printing operation, for any group of coating/printing
operations in the affected source, or for all the coating/printing
operations in the affected source. You must use either the emission
rate without add-on controls option, the emission rate with add-on
controls option, the organic HAP overall control efficiency option, or
the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option for any coating/
printing operation(s) in the affected source for which you do not use
this option. For a coating/printing affected source to demonstrate
initial compliance using the compliant material option, the coating/
printing operation or group of coating/printing operations must use no
coating or printing material with an organic HAP content that exceeds
the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart and must use
no thinning or cleaning material that contains organic HAP, as
determined according to this section.
(b) You must use the compliant material option for each slashing
affected source, as required in Table 1 to this subpart. For a slashing
affected source to demonstrate initial compliance using the compliant

[[Page 46063]]

material option, the slashing operation or group of slashing operations
must use no slashing material with a mass fraction of organic HAP that
exceeds the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
(c) You may use the compliant material option for any individual
dyeing/finishing operation, for any group of dyeing/finishing
operations in the affected source, or for all the dyeing/finishing
operations in the affected source. You must use the emission rate
without add-on controls option for any dyeing/finishing operations in
the affected source for which you do not use this option. For a dyeing/
finishing affected source to demonstrate initial compliance using the
compliant material option, the dyeing/finishing operation or group of
dyeing/finishing operations must use no dyeing, finishing, or cleaning
material with a mass fraction of organic HAP that exceeds the
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
(d) Any coating/printing operation, slashing operation, or dyeing/
finishing operation for which you use the compliant material option is
not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards
required in Secs. 63.4292 and 63.4293, respectively.
(e) To demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations
using the compliant material option, you must meet all the requirements
of this section for any coating/printing operation, slashing operation,
or dyeing/finishing operation using this option. Use the procedures in
this section on each regulated material in the condition it is in when
it is received from its manufacturer or supplier and prior to any
alteration. You do not need to redetermine the HAP content of regulated
materials that are reclaimed onsite and reused in the coating/printing
operation, slashing operation, or dyeing/finishing operation for which
you use the compliant material option, provided these regulated
materials in their condition as received were demonstrated to comply
with the compliant material option.
(1) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material
used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each
regulated material used during the compliance period by using one of
the options in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.
(i) Method 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method
311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the
procedures specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section
when performing a Method 311 test.
(A) Count each organic HAP that is measured to be present at 0.1
percent by mass or more for Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR
1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0 percent by mass or more for other compounds.
For example, if toluene (not an OSHA carcinogen) is measured to be 0.5
percent of the material by mass, you don't have to count it. Express
the mass fraction of each organic HAP you count as a value truncated to
four places after the decimal point (e.g., 0.3791).
(B) Calculate the total mass fraction of organic HAP in the test
material by adding up the individual organic HAP mass fractions and
truncating the result to three places after the decimal point (e.g.,
0.763).
(ii) Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60). For coating,
printing, dyeing and finishing material, you may use Method 24 to
determine the mass fraction of nonaqueous volatile matter and use that
value as a substitute for mass fraction of organic HAP.
(iii) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method
for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP or mass fraction of
solids once the Administrator has approved it. You must follow the
procedure in Sec. 63.7(f) to submit an alternative test method for
approval.
(iv) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may rely on information other than that generated by the test
methods specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iii) of this
section, such as manufacturer's formulation data, if it represents each
organic HAP that is present at 0.1 percent by mass or more for OSHA-
defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0
percent by mass or more for other compounds. For example, if toluene
(not an OSHA carcinogen) is 0.5 percent of the material by mass, you do
not have to count it. If there is a disagreement between such
information and results of a test conducted according to paragraphs
(e)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section, then the test method results
will take precedence.
(v) Solvent blends. Solvent blends may be listed as single
components for some materials in data provided by manufacturers or
suppliers. Solvent blends may contain organic HAP which must be counted
toward the total organic HAP mass fraction of the materials. When test
data and manufacturer's data for solvent blends are not available, you
may use the default values for the mass fraction of organic HAP in
these solvent blends listed in Table 4 or 5 to this subpart. If you use
the tables, you must use the values in Table 4 for all solvent blends
that match Table 4 entries, and you may only use Table 5 if the solvent
blends in the materials you use do not match any of the solvent blends
in Table 4 and you only know whether the blend is aliphatic or
aromatic. However, if the results of a Method 311 test indicate higher
values than those listed on Table 4 or 5 to this subpart, the Method
311 results will take precedence.
(2) Determine the mass fraction of solids for each coating and
printing material. You must determine the mass fraction of solids (kg
of solids per pound (lb) of coating or printing material) for each
coating and printing material used during the compliance period by a
test or by information provided by the supplier or the manufacturer of
the material, as specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(i) through (iii) of
this section. If test results obtained according to paragraph (e)(2)(i)
or (ii) of this section do not agree with the information obtained
under paragraph (e)(2)(iii) of this section, the test results will take
precedence.
(i) Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60). You may use Method 24
for determining the mass fraction of solids of coating and printing
materials.
(ii) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method for
determining solids content of each coating and printing material once
the Administrator has approved it. You must follow the procedure in
Sec. 63.7(f) to submit an alternative test method for approval.
(iii) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the
material. You may obtain the mass fraction of solids for each coating
and printing material from the supplier or manufacturer. If there is
disagreement between such information and the test method results, then
the test method results will take precedence.
(3) Calculate the organic HAP content of each coating or printing
material. Calculate the organic HAP content, kg organic HAP per kg of
solids used, of each coating and printing material used during the
compliance period, using Equation 1 of this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.001

Where:
H_c = organic HAP content of the coating or printing
material, kg organic HAP per kg solids used in the coating or printing
material.
W_c = mass fraction of organic HAP in the coating or printing
material, kg organic HAP per kg material, determined according to
paragraph (e)(1) of this section.

[[Page 46064]]

W_f = mass fraction of solids in coating or printing
material, kg solids per kg of coating or printing material, determined
according to paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
(4) Compliance demonstration. The calculated organic HAP content
for each coating and printing material used during the initial
compliance period must be less than or equal to the applicable emission
limit in Table 1 to this subpart, and each thinning and cleaning
material used during the initial compliance period must contain no
organic HAP according to paragraph (e)(1) of this section. The mass
fraction of organic HAP for each slashing, dyeing and finishing
material used during the initial compliance period and cleaning
material used in dyeing/finishing operations during the initial
compliance period, determined according to paragraph (e)(1) of this
section, must be less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in
Table 1 to this subpart. You must keep all records required by
Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification of Compliance
Status required in Sec. 63.4310, you must:
(i) Identify any coating/printing operation, slashing operation,
and dyeing/finishing operation for which you used the compliant
material option;
(ii) Submit a statement that the coating/printing operation(s) was
(were) in compliance with the emission limitations during the initial
compliance period because you used no coating and printing material for
which the organic HAP content exceeds the applicable emission limit in
Table 1 to this subpart, and you used no thinning materials or cleaning
materials that contained organic HAP, determined according to paragraph
(h)(1) of this section; and
(iii) Submit a statement that the slashing operation(s) and dyeing/
finishing operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission
limitations during the initial compliance period because you used no
slashing, dyeing and finishing material for which the mass fraction of
organic HAP exceeds the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this
subpart, and you used no cleaning materials in the dyeing/finishing
affected source for which the mass fraction of organic HAP exceeds the
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, determined
according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4341(e)(1).

Sec. 63.4342 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

(a) For each compliance period, to demonstrate continuous
compliance, you must use no coating or printing material for which the
organic HAP content determined using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4341,
exceeds the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. For
each compliance period, you must use no slashing material, dyeing or
finishing material, or cleaning material in dyeing/finishing operations
for which the mass fraction of organic HAP, determined according to the
requirements of Sec. 63.4341(e)(1), exceeds the applicable emission
limit in Table 1 to this subpart. For each compliance period, you must
use no thinning or cleaning materials in a coating/printing affected
source that contain organic HAP, determined according to the
requirements of Sec. 63.4341(e)(1). Each month following the initial
compliance period described in Sec. 63.4340 is a compliance period.
(b) If you choose to comply with the emission limitations by using
the compliant material option, the use of any regulated material that
does not meet the criteria specified in paragraph (a) of this section
is a deviation from the emission limitations that must be reported as
specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(5).
(c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by
Sec. 63.4320, you must identify any coating/printing operation,
slashing operation, or dyeing/or finishing operation for which you used
the compliant material option. If there were no deviations from the
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, submit a
statement that, as appropriate, the coating/printing operations were in
compliance with the emission limitations during the reporting period
because you used no coating or printing material for which the organic
HAP content exceeded the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this
subpart, and you used no thinning or cleaning materials in a coating/
printing affected source that contained organic HAP, determined
according to Sec. 63.4341(e)(1), and that the slashing and dyeing/
finishing operations were in compliance with the emission limitations
during the reporting period because you used no slashing, dyeing or
finishing material, or cleaning material in dyeing/finishing operations
for which the mass fraction of organic HAP exceeded the applicable
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
(d) You must maintain records as specified in Secs. 63.4330 and
63.4331.

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On
Controls Option

Sec. 63.4350 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?

You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial
compliance period according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4351. The
initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the last day of the first full
month after the compliance date. The initial compliance demonstration
includes the calculations according to Sec. 63.4351 and supporting
documentation showing that for coating/printing operations, the organic
HAP emission rate for the initial compliance period was equal to or
less than the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart and
for dyeing/finishing operations, the mass fraction of organic HAP for
the initial compliance period was less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.

Sec. 63.4351 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?

(a) For coating/printing operations, you may use the emission rate
without add-on controls option for any individual coating/printing
operation, for any group of coating/printing operations in the affected
source, or for all the coating/printing operations as a group in the
affected source. You must use either the compliant material option, the
emission rate with add-on controls option, the organic HAP overall
control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration option for any coating/printing operation in the affected
source for which you do not use this option. To demonstrate initial
compliance using the emission rate without add-on controls option, the
coating/printing operation or group of coating/printing operations must
meet the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart but is
not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards in
Secs. 63.4292 and 63.4293, respectively. You must meet all the
requirements of this section to demonstrate initial compliance with the
applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart for the coating/
printing operation(s). When calculating the organic HAP emission rate
according to this section, do not include any coating, printing,
thinning or cleaning materials used on coating/printing operations for
which you use the compliant material option, the emission rate with
add-on controls option, the organic HAP overall control efficiency
option, or the oxidizer

[[Page 46065]]

outlet organic HAP concentration option.
(1) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material
used. Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating,
printing, thinning and cleaning material used during the compliance
period according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4341(e)(1).
(2) Determine the mass fraction of solids for each material used.
Determine the mass fraction of solids (kg of solids per kg of coating
or printing material) for each coating and printing material used
during the compliance period according to the requirements in
Sec. 63.4341(e)(2).
(3) Determine the mass of each material used. Determine the mass
(kg) of each coating, printing, thinning or cleaning material used
during the compliance period by measurement or usage records.
(4) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions. The mass of
organic HAP emissions is the combined mass of organic HAP contained in
all coating, printing, thinning and cleaning materials used during the
compliance period minus the organic HAP in certain waste materials.
Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions using Equation 1 of this
section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.002

Where:
H_e = total mass of organic HAP emissions during the
compliance period, kg.
A = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing materials
used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated in Equation 1A of
this section.
B = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and cleaning materials
used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated in Equation 1B of
this section.
R_w = total mass of organic HAP in waste materials sent or
designated for shipment to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment or
disposal during the month, kg, determined according to paragraph
(a)(4)(iii) of this section. (You may assign a value of zero to
R_w if you do not wish to use this allowance.)
(i) Calculate the kg organic HAP in the coating and printing
materials used during the compliance period using Equation 1A of this
section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.003

Where:
A = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing materials
used during the compliance period, kg.
M_c,i = total mass of coating or printing material, i, used
during the compliance period, kg.
W_c,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating or printing
material, i, kg organic HAP per kg of material.
m = number of different coating and printing, materials used during the
compliance period.
(ii) Calculate the kg of organic HAP in the thinning and cleaning
materials used during the compliance period using Equation 1B of this
section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.004

Where:
B = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and cleaning materials
used during the compliance period, kg.
M_t,j = total mass of thinning or cleaning material, j, used
during the compliance period, kg.
W_t,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinning or cleaning
material, j, kg organic HAP per kg thinning or cleaning material.
n = number of different thinning and cleaning materials used during the
compliance period.
(iii) If you choose to account for the mass of organic HAP
contained in waste materials sent or designated for shipment to a
hazardous waste TSDF in Equation 1 of this section, then you must
determine it according to paragraphs (a)(4)(iii)(A) through (D) of this
section.
(A) You may include in the determination only waste materials that
are generated by coating/printing operations in the affected source for
which you use Equation 1 of this section and that will be treated or
disposed of by a facility that is regulated as a TSDF under 40 CFR part
262, 264, 265, or 266. The TSDF may be either off-site or on-site. You
may not include organic HAP contained in wastewater.
(B) You must determine either the amount of the waste materials
sent to a TSDF during the compliance period or the amount collected and
stored during the compliance period designated for future transport to
a TSDF. Do not include in your determination any waste materials sent
to a TSDF during a month if you have already included them in the
amount collected and stored during that month or a previous month.
(C) Determine the total mass of organic HAP contained in the waste
materials specified in paragraph (a)(4)(iii)(B) of this section.
(D) You must document the methodology you use to determine the
amount of waste materials and the total mass of organic HAP they
contain, as required in Sec. 63.4530(g). To the extent that waste
manifests include this, they may be used as part of the documentation
of the amount of waste materials and mass of organic HAP contained in
them.
(5) Calculate the total mass of coating and printing solids used.
Determine the total mass of coating and printing solids used, kg, which
is the combined mass of the solids contained in all the coating and
printing materials used during the compliance period, using Equation 2
of this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.005

Where:

H_t = total mass of solids contained in coating and printing
materials used during the compliance period, kg.
M_c,i = mass of coating or printing solids in the coating or
printing material, i, used during the compliance period, kg.
m = number of coating and printing materials used during the compliance
period.

(6) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate for the compliance
period, kg organic HAP emitted per kg solids used, using Equation 3 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.006

Where:

H_mo = organic HAP emission rate for the compliance period,
kg of organic HAP emitted per kg of solids in coating and printing
materials used.
H_e = total mass organic HAP emissions from all regulated
materials used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated by
Equation 1 of this section.
H_t = total mass of coating and printing solids in materials
used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated by Equation 2 of
this section.

(7) Compliance demonstration. The organic HAP emission rate for the
initial compliance period must be less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. You must keep all records as
required by Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification of
Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.4310, you must identify the
coating/printing operation(s) for which you used the emission rate
without add-on controls option and submit a

[[Page 46066]]

statement that the coating/printing operation(s) was (were) in
compliance with the emission limitations during the initial compliance
period because the organic HAP emission rate was less than or equal to
the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, determined
according to the procedures in this section.
(b) For dyeing and finishing operations, you may use the emission
rate without add-on controls option for any individual dyeing/finishing
operation, for any group of dyeing/finishing operations in the affected
source, or for dyeing/finishing operations as a group in the affected
source. You must use the compliant material option for any dyeing/
finishing operation in the affected source for which you do not use
this option. To demonstrate initial compliance using the emission rate
without add-on controls option, the dyeing/finishing operation or group
of operations must meet the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to
this subpart but is not required to meet the operating limits or work
practice standards in Secs. 63.4292 and 63.4293, respectively. You must
meet all the requirements of this section to demonstrate initial
compliance with the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this
subpart for the dyeing/finishing operation(s). When calculating the
organic HAP emission rate according to this section, do not include any
dyeing and finishing materials used on dyeing/finishing operations for
which you use the compliant material option.
(1) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material.
Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each dyeing, finishing,
and cleaning material used during the compliance period according to
the requirements in Sec. 63.4341(e)(1).
(2) Determine the mass of each material used. Determine the mass
(kg) of each dyeing, finishing, and cleaning material used during the
compliance period by measurement or usage records.
(3) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions. The mass of
organic HAP emissions is the combined mass of organic HAP contained in
all dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials used during the
compliance period minus the organic HAP in certain waste materials.
Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions using Equation 4 of this
section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.007

Where:

H_e = total mass of organic HAP emissions during the
compliance period, kg.
A = total mass of organic HAP in the dyeing, finishing, and cleaning
materials used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated in
Equation 4B of this section.
R_w = total mass of organic HAP in waste materials sent or
designated for shipment to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment or
disposal during the compliance period, kg, determined according to
paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section. (You may assign a value of zero
to R_w if you do not wish to use this allowance.)

(i) Calculate the kg organic HAP in the dyeing, finishing, and
cleaning materials used during the compliance period using Equation 4A
of this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.008

Where:

A = total mass of organic HAP in the dyeing, finishing, and cleaning
materials used during the compliance period, kg.
M_c,i = mass of dyeing, finishing, or cleaning material, i,
used during the compliance period, kg.
W_c,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in dyeing, finishing, or
cleaning material, i, kg HAP per kg of material.

(ii) If you choose to account for the mass of organic HAP contained
in waste materials sent or designated for shipment to a hazardous waste
TSDF in Equation 4 of this section, then you must determine it
according to paragraphs (b)(3)(ii)(A) through (D) of this section.
(A) You may include in the determination only waste materials that
are generated by dyeing/finishing operations in the affected source for
which you use Equation 4 of this section and that will be treated or
disposed of by a facility that is regulated as a TSDF under 40 CFR part
262, 264, 265, or 266. The TSDF may be either off-site or on-site. You
may not include organic HAP contained in wastewater.
(B) You must determine either the amount of the waste materials
sent to a TSDF during the compliance period or the amount collected and
stored during the compliance period designated for future transport to
a TSDF. Do not include in your determination any waste materials sent
to a TSDF during a month if you have already included them in the
amount collected and stored during that month or a previous month.
(C) Determine the total mass of organic HAP contained in the waste
materials specified in paragraph (b)(3)(ii)(B) of this section.
(D) You must document the methodology you use to determine the
amount of waste materials and the total mass of organic HAP they
contain, as required in Sec. 63.4530(g). To the extent that waste
manifests include this, they may be used as part of the documentation
of the amount of waste materials and mass of organic HAP contained in
them.
(4) Calculate the total mass of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning
materials used. Determine the total mass of dyeing, finishing, and
cleaning materials used, kg, which is the combined mass of all the
dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials used during the compliance
period, using Equation 5 of this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.009

Where:

M_t = total mass of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials
used during the compliance period, kg.
M_c,i = mass of dyeing, finishing, or cleaning material, i,
used during the compliance period, kg.
m = number of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials used during the
compliance period.

(5) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate, kg organic HAP emitted
per kg dyeing, finishing, and cleaning material used, using Equation 6
of this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.010

Where:

H_mo = the organic HAP emission rate for the compliance
period, kg of organic HAP emitted per kg of dyeing, finishing, and
cleaning materials.
H_e = total mass of organic HAP emissions from all materials
used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated by Equation 4 of
this section.
M_t = total mass of dyeing, finishing, and cleaning materials
used during the compliance period, kg, as calculated by Equation 5 of
this section.

(6) Compliance demonstration. The organic HAP emission rate for the
initial compliance period must be less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. You must keep all records as
required by Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification

[[Page 46067]]

of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.4310, you must identify the
dyeing/finishing operation(s) for which you used the emission rate
without add-on controls option and submit a statement that the dyeing/
finishing operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission
limitations during the initial compliance period because the organic
HAP emission rate was less than or equal to the applicable emission
limit in Table 1 to this subpart, determined according to the
procedures of this section.
(i) If your affected source performs only dyeing operations,
paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section apply to dyeing materials
only, and you must demonstrate compliance with the emission limit in
Table 1 to this subpart for dyeing operations.
(ii) If your affected source performs only finishing operations,
paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section apply to finishing
materials only, and you must demonstrate compliance with the emission
limit in Table 1 to this subpart for finishing operations.
(iii) If your affected source performs both dyeing and finishing
operations, paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section apply to
dyeing and finishing materials combined, and you must demonstrate
compliance with the emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart for
dyeing and finishing operations.

Sec. 63.4352 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance, the organic HAP emission
rate for each compliance period, determined according to
Sec. 63.4351(a) for coating/printing operations and according to
Sec. 63.4351(b) for dyeing/finishing operations, must be less than or
equal to the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart. Each
month following the initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.4350
is a compliance period.
(b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 1-month compliance
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this
subpart, this is a deviation from the emission limitations for that
compliance period and must be reported as specified in
Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(6).
(c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by
Sec. 63.4320, you must identify any coating/printing operation or
dyeing/finishing operation for which you used the emission rate without
add-on controls option. If there were no deviations from the applicable
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, you must submit a statement
that, as appropriate, the coating/printing operations or the dyeing/
finishing operations were in compliance with the emission limitations
during the reporting period because the organic HAP emission rate for
each compliance period was less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
(d) You must maintain records as specified in Secs. 63.4330 and
63.4331.

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls
Option

Sec. 63.4360 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?

(a) New and reconstructed affected sources. For a new or
reconstructed affected source, you must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4283. Except for solvent recovery systems for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372, and establish the operating limits
required by Sec. 63.4292, no later than the applicable compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.4283. For a solvent recovery system for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must initiate the first material balance no
later than the applicable compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4283.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4293 no later than the compliance date specified in
Sec. 63.4283.
(3) You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial
compliance period according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4361. The
initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the last day of the first full
month after the compliance date, or the date you conduct the
performance tests of the emission capture systems and add-on control
devices, or initiate the first liquid-liquid material balance for a
solvent recovery system, whichever is later. The initial compliance
demonstration includes the results of emission capture system and add-
on control device performance tests conducted according to
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372; results of liquid-liquid material
balances conducted according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5); calculations
according to Sec. 63.4561 and supporting documentation showing that
during the initial compliance period the organic HAP emission rate was
equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this
subpart; the operating limits established during the performance tests
and the results of the continuous parameter monitoring required by
Sec. 63.4374; and documentation of whether you developed and
implemented the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4293.
(4) You do not need to comply with the operating limits for the
emission capture system and add-on control device required by
Sec. 63.4292 until after you have completed the performance tests
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Instead, you must
maintain a log detailing the operation and maintenance of the emission
capture system, add-on control device, and continuous parameter
monitors during the period between the compliance date and the
performance test. You must begin complying with the operating limits
for your affected source on the date you complete the performance tests
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. This requirement does
not apply to solvent recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-
liquid material balances according to the requirements of
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5).
(b) Existing sources. For an existing affected source, you must
meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4283. Except for solvent recovery systems for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372, and establish the operating limits
required by Sec. 63.4292, no later than the compliance date specified
in Sec. 63.4283. For a solvent recovery system for which you conduct
liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you
must initiate the first material balance no later than the compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4283.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4293 no later than the compliance date specified in
Sec. 63.4283.
(3) You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial
compliance period according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4361. The
initial compliance period begins on the

[[Page 46068]]

applicable compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the
last day of the first full month after the compliance date. The initial
compliance demonstration includes the results of emission capture
system and add-on control device performance tests conducted according
to Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372; results of liquid-liquid
material balances conducted according to Sec. 63.4361(d)(5);
calculations according to Sec. 63.4561 and supporting documentation
showing that during the initial compliance period the organic HAP
emission rate was equal to or less than the applicable emission limit
in Table 1 to this subpart; the operating limits established during the
performance tests and the results of the continuous parameter
monitoring required by Sec. 63.4374; and documentation of whether you
developed and implemented the work practice plan required by
Sec. 63.4293.

Sec. 63.4361 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

(a) You may use the emission rate with add-on controls option for
any individual coating/printing operation, for any group of coating/
printing operations in the affected source, or for all of the coating/
printing operations in the affected source. You may include both
controlled and uncontrolled coating/printing operations in a group for
which you use this option. You must use either the compliant material
option, the emission rate without add-on controls option, the organic
HAP overall control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet organic
HAP concentration option for any coating/printing operation in the
affected source for which you do not use the emission rate with add-on
controls option. To demonstrate initial compliance, any coating/
printing operation for which you use the emission rate with add-on
controls option must meet the applicable emission limitations in Table
1 to this subpart, and in Secs. 63.4292 and 63.4293. You must meet all
the requirements of this section. When calculating the organic HAP
emission rate according to this section, do not include any coating,
printing, thinning, or cleaning materials used on coating/printing
operations for which you use the compliant material option, the
emission rate without add-on controls option, the organic HAP overall
control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration option. You do not need to redetermine the mass of
organic HAP in coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning materials that
have been reclaimed onsite and reused in the coating/printing
operation(s) for which you use the emission rate with add-on control
option.
(b) Compliance with operating limits. Except as provided in
Sec. 63.4360(a)(4), and except for solvent recovery systems for which
you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4361(d)(5), you must establish and demonstrate continuous
compliance during the initial compliance period with the operating
limits required by Sec. 63.4292, using the procedures specified in
Secs. 63.4373 and 63.4374.
(c) Compliance with work practice requirements. You must develop,
implement, and document your implementation of the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4293 during the initial compliance period as
specified in Sec. 63.4330.
(d) Compliance with emission limits. You must follow the procedures
in paragraphs (d)(1) through (8) of this section to demonstrate
compliance with the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this
subpart.
(1) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP, the mass fraction
of solids, and mass of materials used. Follow the procedures specified
in Sec. 63.4351(a)(1), (2), and (3) to determine the mass fraction of
organic HAP for each coating, printing, thinning and cleaning material
used during the compliance period; the mass fraction of solids for each
coating and printing material used during the compliance period; and
mass of each coating, printing, thinning or cleaning material used
during the compliance period.
(2) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls. Using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4351, calculate the total mass of
organic HAP emissions before add-on controls from all coating,
printing, thinning or cleaning materials used during the compliance
period minus the organic HAP in certain waste materials in the coating/
printing operation or group of coating/printing operations for which
you use the emission rate with add-on controls.
(3) Calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions for each
controlled coating/printing operation. Determine the mass of organic
HAP emissions reduced for each controlled coating/printing operation
during the compliance period. The emissions reductions determination
quantifies the total organic HAP emissions that pass through the
emission capture system and are destroyed or removed by the add-on
control device. Use the procedures in paragraph (d)(4) of this section
to calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions reductions for each
controlled coating/printing operation using an emission capture system
and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances. For each controlled
coating/printing operation using a solvent recovery system for which
you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, use the procedures in
paragraph (d)(5) of this section to calculate the organic HAP emissions
reductions.
(4) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating/printing operation not using liquid-liquid material
balance. For each controlled coating/printing operation using an
emission capture system and add-on control device other than a solvent
recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances,
calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions using Equation 1 of this
section. The equation applies the emission capture system efficiency
and add-on control device efficiency to the mass of organic HAP
contained in the coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning materials
that are used in the coating/printing operation served by the emission
capture system and add-on control device during the compliance period.
For any period of time a deviation specified in Sec. 63.4363(c) or (d)
occurs in the controlled coating/printing operation, including a
deviation during startup, shutdown, or malfunction, then you must
assume zero efficiency for the emission capture system and add-on
control device. Equation 1 of this section treats the materials used
during such a deviation as if they were used on an uncontrolled
coating/printing operation for the time period of the deviation.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.011

[[Page 46069]]

Where:

H_C = mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
controlled coating/printing operation during the compliance period, kg.
A_I = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing
materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation during the
compliance period, kg, as calculated in Equation 1A of this section.
B_I = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and cleaning
materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation during the
compliance period, kg, as calculated in Equation 1B of this section.
H_UNC = total mass of organic HAP in the coating, printing,
thinning, and cleaning materials used during all deviations specified
in Sec. 63.4363(c) and (d) that occurred during the compliance period
in the controlled coating/printing operation, kg, as calculated in
Equation 1C of this section.
CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures
specified in Secs. 63.4370 and 63.4371 to measure and record capture
efficiency.
DRE = organic HAP destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures in
Secs. 63.4370 and 63.4372 to measure and record the organic HAP
destruction or removal efficiency.

(i) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the coating and
printing materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation(s)
during the compliance period, kg, using Equation 1A of this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.012

Where:

A_I = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing
materials used in the controlled coating/printing operations(s) during
the compliance period, kg.
M_c,i = mass of coating or printing material, i, used during
the compliance period, kg.
W_c,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating or printing
material, i, kg per kg.
m = number of different coating and printing materials used during
compliance period.

(ii) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and
cleaning materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation(s)
during the compliance period, kg, using Equation 1B of this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.013

Where:

B_I = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and cleaning
materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation(s) during
the compliance period, kg.
M_t,j = total mass of thinning or cleaning material, j, used
during the compliance period, kg.
W_t,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinning or cleaning
material, j, kg per kg.
n = number of different thinning or cleaning materials used during the
compliance period.

(iii) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coating, printing,
thinning, and cleaning materials used in the controlled coating/
printing operation during deviations specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) and
(d), using Equation 1C of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.014

Where:

H_UNC = total mass of organic HAP in the coating, printing,
thinning, and cleaning materials used during all deviations specified
in Sec. 63.4563(c) and (d) that occurred during the month in the
controlled coating/printing operation, kg.
M_h = total mass of coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning
material, h, used in the controlled coating/printing operation during
deviations, kg.
W_h = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, printing,
thinning, or cleaning material, h, kg organic HAP per kg material.
q = number of different coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning
materials used.
(5) Calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions for controlled
coating/printing operation using liquid-liquid material balances. For
each controlled coating/printing operation using a solvent recovery
system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate
the organic HAP emissions reductions by applying the volatile organic
matter collection and recovery efficiency to the mass of organic HAP
contained in the coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials
that are used in the coating/printing operation controlled by the
solvent recovery system during the compliance period. Perform a liquid-
liquid material balance for the compliance period as specified in
paragraphs (d)(5)(i) through (v) of this section. Calculate the mass of
organic HAP emissions reductions by the solvent recovery system as
specified in paragraph (d)(5)(vi) of this section.
(i) For each solvent recovery system, install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device
that indicates the cumulative amount of volatile organic matter
recovered by the solvent recovery system for the compliance period. The
device must be initially certified by the manufacturer to be accurate
to within ±2.0 percent of the mass of volatile organic
matter recovered.
(ii) For each solvent recovery system, determine the mass of
volatile organic matter recovered for the compliance period, kg, based
on measurement with the device required in paragraph (d)(5)(i) of this
section.
(iii) Determine the mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
each coating and printing material used in the coating/printing
operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
compliance period, kg volatile organic matter per kg coating and
printing material. You may determine the volatile organic matter mass
fraction using Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or an EPA
approved alternative method, or you may use information provided by the
manufacturer or supplier of the coating or printing material. In the
event of any inconsistency between information provided by the
manufacturer or supplier and the results of Method 24 of 40 CFR part
60, appendix A, or an approved alternative method, the test method
results will govern.
(iv) Measure the mass of each coating, printing, thinning, or
cleaning material used in the coating/printing operation controlled by
the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg.
(v) For the compliance period, calculate the solvent recovery
system's volatile organic matter collection and recovery efficiency
using Equation 2 of this section:

[[Page 46070]]

[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.015

Where:

R_V = volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system during the compliance period,
percent.
M_VR = mass of volatile organic matter recovered by the
solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg.
M_i = mass of coating or printing material, i, used in the
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the compliance period, kg.
WV_c,i = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for coating
or printing material, i, kg volatile organic matter per kg coating or
printing material.
M_j = mass of thinning or cleaning material, j, used in the
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the compliance period, kg.
WV_t,j = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
thinning or cleaning material, j, kg volatile organic matter per kg
thinning or cleaning material.
m = number of different coating and printing materials used in the
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the compliance period.
n = number of different thinning and cleaning materials used in the
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the compliance period.

(vi) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emission reductions for the
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the compliance period using Equation 3 of this section and
according to paragraphs (d)(5)(vi)(A) and (B) of this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.016

Where:

H_CSR = mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the compliance period, kg.
A_CSR = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing
material used in the coating/printing operation controlled by the
solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg, calculated
using Equation 3A of this section.
B_CSR = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and
cleaning materials used in the coating/printing operation controlled by
the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg,
calculated using Equation 3B of this section.
R_V = volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system, percent, from Equation 2 of
this section.

(A) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the coating and
printing materials used in the coating/printing operation(s) controlled
by the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg, using
Equation 3A of this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.017

Where:

A_CSR = total mass of organic HAP in the coating and printing
materials used in the coating/printing operations(s) controlled by the
solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg.
M_c,i = mass of coating or printing material, i, used during
the compliance period in the coating/printing operation(s) controlled
by the solvent recovery system, kg.
W_c,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating or printing
material, i, kg per kg.
m = number of different coating and printing materials used during
compliance period.

(B) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and
cleaning materials used in the coating/printing operation(s) controlled
by the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg, using
Equation 3B of this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.018

Where:

B_CSR = total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and
cleaning materials used in the coating/printing operation(s) controlled
by the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg.
M_t,j = total mass of thinning or cleaning material, j, used
during the compliance period in the coating/printing operation(s)
controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg.
W_t,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinning or cleaning
material, j, kg per kg.
n = number of different thinning or cleaning materials used during the
compliance period.
(6) Calculate the total mass of coating and printing solids used.
Determine the total mass of coating and printing solids used, kg, which
is the combined mass of the solids contained in all the coating and
printing material used during the compliance period in the coating/
printing operation(s) or which you use the emission rate with add-on
controls option, using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4351.
(7) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate with add-on controls
for the compliance period. Determine the organic HAP emission rate with
add-on controls for the compliance period, kg organic HAP emitted per
kg solids used during the compliance period, using Equation 4 of this
section.

[[Page 46071]]

[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.019

Where:

H_HAP = organic HAP emission rate with add-on controls for
the compliance period, kg organic HAP emitted per kg solids used.
H_e = total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls from all the coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning
materials used during the compliance period, kg, determined according
to paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
H_C,i = total mass of organic HAP emissions reduction for
controlled coating/printing operation, i, not using a liquid-liquid
material balance, during the compliance period, kg, from Equation 1 of
this section.
H_CSR,j = total mass of organic HAP emissions reduction for
coating/printing operation, j, controlled by a solvent recovery system
using a liquid-liquid material balance, during the compliance period,
kg, from Equation 3 of this section.
H_t = total mass of coating and printing solids used during
the compliance period, kg, from Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4351.
q = number of controlled coating/printing operations not using a
liquid-liquid material balance.
r = number of coating/printing operations controlled by a solvent
recovery system using a liquid-liquid material balance.

(8) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance
with the emission limit calculated using Equation 4 of this section,
the organic emission rate with add-on controls for the compliance
period must be less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in
Table 1 to this subpart. You must keep all records as required by
Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification of Compliance
Status required by Sec. 63.4310, you must identify the coating/printing
operation(s) for which you used the emission rate with add-on controls
option and submit a statement that the coating/printing operation(s)
was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations during the
initial compliance period because the organic HAP emission rate was
less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this
subpart, and you achieved the operating limits required by Sec. 63.4292
and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.4293.

Sec. 63.4362 [Reserved]

Sec. 63.4363 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the applicable
emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart, the organic HAP emission
rate for each compliance period, determined according to the procedures
in Sec. 63.4361, must be equal to or less than the applicable emission
limit in Table 1 to this subpart. Each month following the initial
compliance period described in Sec. 63.4360 is a compliance period. You
must perform the calculations in Sec. 63.4361 on a monthly basis.
(b) If the emission rate with add-on controls for any 1-month
compliance period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to
this subpart, this is a deviation from the emission limitation for that
compliance period and must be reported as specified in
Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7).
(c) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each operating
limit required by Sec. 63.4292 that applies to you, as specified in
Table 2 to this subpart.
(1) If an operating parameter is out of the allowed range specified
in Table 2 to this subpart, this is a deviation from the operating
limit that must be reported as specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and
63.4320(a)(7).
(2) If an operating parameter deviates from the operating limit
specified in Table 2 to this subpart, then you must assume that the
emission capture system and add-on control device were achieving zero
efficiency during the time period of the deviation. For the purposes of
completing the compliance calculations specified in Sec. 63.4361(d)(4),
you must treat the materials used during a deviation on a controlled
coating/printing operation as if they were used on an uncontrolled
coating/printing operation for the time period of the deviation as
indicated in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4361.
(d) You must meet the requirements for bypass lines in
Sec. 63.4374(b) for controlled coating/printing operations for which
you do not conduct liquid-liquid material balances. If any bypass line
is opened and emissions are diverted to the atmosphere when the
coating/printing operation is running, this is a deviation that must be
reported as specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7). For the
purposes of completing the compliance calculations specified in
Sec. 63.4361(d)(4), you must treat the materials used during a
deviation on a controlled coating/printing operation as if they were
used on an uncontrolled coating/printing operation for the time period
of the deviation, as indicated in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4361.
(e) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.4293. If you did not develop a work
practice plan, or you did not implement the plan, or you did not keep
the records required by Sec. 63.4330(j)(8), this is a deviation from
the work practice standards that must be reported as specified in
Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7).
(f) As part of each semiannual compliance report required in
Sec. 63.4320, you must identify the coating/printing operation(s) for
which you use the emission rate with add-on controls option. If there
were no deviations from the emission limitations, submit a statement
that you were in compliance with the emission limitations during the
reporting period because the organic HAP emission rate for each
compliance period was less than or equal to the applicable emission
limit in Table 1 to this subpart, and you achieved the operating limits
required by Sec. 63.4292 and the work practice standards required by
Sec. 63.4293 during each compliance period.
(g) During periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating/printing
operation that may affect emission capture or control device
efficiency, you must operate in accordance with the startup, shutdown,
and malfunction plan required by Sec. 63.4300(c).
(h) Consistent with Secs. 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that
occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating/printing
operation that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency
are not violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's
satisfaction that you were operating in accordance with the startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan. The Administrator will determine
whether deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or
malfunction are

[[Page 46072]]

violations according to the provisions in Sec. 63.6(e).
(i) [Reserved]
(j) You must maintain records as specified in Secs. 63.4330 and
63.4331.

Compliance Requirements for the Organic HAP Overall Control
Efficiency and Oxidizer Outlet Organic HAP Concentration Options

Sec. 63.4365 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?

(a) New and reconstructed affected sources. For a new or
reconstructed affected source, you must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4283. Except for solvent recovery systems for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4366(d)(5), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372, and establish the operating limits
required by Sec. 63.4292, no later than the applicable compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.4283. For a solvent recovery system for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4366(d)(5), you must initiate the first material balance no
later than the applicable compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4283.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4293 no later than the compliance date specified in
Sec. 63.4283.
(3) You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial
compliance period according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4366. The
initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the last day of the first full
month after the compliance date, or the date you conduct the
performance tests of the emission capture systems and add-on control
devices, or initiate the first liquid-liquid material balance for a
solvent recovery system, whichever is later. The initial compliance
demonstration includes the results of emission capture system and add-
on control device performance tests conducted according to
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372; results of liquid-liquid material
balances conducted according to Sec. 63.4366(d)(5); calculations
according to Sec. 63.4366 and supporting documentation showing that
during the initial compliance period either the organic HAP overall
control efficiency was equal to or greater than the applicable overall
control efficiency limit in Table 1 to this subpart or the oxidizer
outlet organic HAP concentration was no greater than 20 parts per
million by weight (ppmw) on a dry basis; the operating limits
established during the performance tests and the results of the
continuous parameter monitoring required by Sec. 63.4374; and
documentation of whether you developed and implemented the work
practice plan required by Sec. 63.4293.
(4) You do not need to comply with the operating limits for the
emission capture system and add-on control device required by
Sec. 63.4292 until after you have completed the performance tests
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Instead, you must
maintain a log detailing the operation and maintenance of the emission
capture system, add-on control device, and continuous parameter
monitors during the period between the compliance date and the
performance test. You must begin complying with the operating limits
for your affected source on the date you complete the performance tests
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. This requirement does
not apply to solvent recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-
liquid material balances according to the requirements of
Sec. 63.4366(d)(5).
(b) Existing sources. For an existing affected source, you must
meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4283. Except for solvent recovery systems for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4366(d)(5), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in
Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372, and establish the operating limits
required by Sec. 63.4292, no later than the compliance date specified
in Sec. 63.4283. For a solvent recovery system for which you conduct
liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.4366(d)(5), you
must initiate the first material balance no later than the compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4283.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4293 no later than the compliance date specified in
Sec. 63.4283.
(3) You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial
compliance period according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4366. The
initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.4283 and ends on the last day of the first full
month after the compliance date. The initial compliance demonstration
includes the results of emission capture system and add-on control
device performance tests conducted according to Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371,
and 63.4372; results of liquid-liquid material balances conducted
according to Sec. 63.4366(d)(5); calculations according to Sec. 63.4366
and supporting documentation showing that during the initial compliance
period the organic HAP overall control efficiency was equal to or
greater than the applicable organic HAP overall control efficiency
limit in Table 1 to this subpart or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration was no greater than 20 ppmw on a dry basis and the
efficiency of the capture system was 100 percent; the operating limits
established during the performance tests and the results of the
continuous parameter monitoring required by Sec. 63.4374; and
documentation of whether you developed and implemented the work
practice plan required by Sec. 63.4293.

Sec. 63.4366 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

(a) You may use the organic HAP overall control efficiency option
or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option for any
individual coating/printing operation, for any group of coating/
printing operations in the affected source, or for all of the coating/
printing operations in the affected source. You may include both
controlled and uncontrolled coating/printing operations in a group for
which you use the organic HAP overall control efficiency option. You
must use either the compliant material option, the emission rate
without add-on controls option, or the emission rate with add-on
controls option for any coating/printing operation(s) in the affected
source for which you do not use either the organic HAP overall control
efficiency option or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration
option. To demonstrate initial compliance, any coating/printing
operation for which you use the organic HAP overall control efficiency
option must meet the applicable organic HAP overall control efficiency
limitations in Table 1 to this subpart according to the procedures in
paragraph (d) of this section. Any coating/printing operation for which
you use the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option must meet
the 20 ppmw on a dry basis limit and achieve 100 percent capture
efficiencies according to the procedures in paragraph (e) of this
section. To demonstrate initial compliance with either option, you also
must meet the

[[Page 46073]]

applicable operating limits in Sec. 63.4292 according to the procedures
in paragraph (b) of this section and the work practice standards in
Sec. 63.4293 according to the procedures in paragraph (c) of this
section. When calculating the organic HAP overall control efficiency
according to this section, do not include any coating, printing,
thinning, or cleaning materials used on coating/printing operations for
which you use the compliant material option, the emission rate without
add-on controls option, the emission rate with add-on controls option,
or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option. You do not
need to redetermine the mass of organic HAP in coating, printing,
thinning, or cleaning materials that have been reclaimed onsite and
reused in coating/printing operation(s) for which you use the organic
HAP overall control efficiency option.
(b) Compliance with operating limits. Except as provided in
Sec. 63.4365(a)(4), and except for solvent recovery systems for which
you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4366(d)(5), you must establish and demonstrate continuous
compliance during the initial compliance period with the operating
limits required by Sec. 63.4292, using the procedures specified in
Secs. 63.4373 and 63.4374.
(c) Compliance with work practice requirements. You must develop,
implement, and document your implementation of the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4293 during the initial compliance period as
specified in Sec. 63.4330.
(d) Compliance with organic HAP overall control efficiency limits.
You must follow the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) through (7) of this
section to demonstrate compliance with the applicable organic HAP
overall control efficiency limit in Table 1 to this subpart.
(1) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and mass of coating
or printing materials used. Follow the procedures specified in
Sec. 63.4351(a)(1) and (2) to determine the mass fraction of organic
HAP and mass of each coating, printing, thinning or cleaning material
used during the compliance period.
(2) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls. Using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4351, calculate the total mass of
organic HAP emissions before add-on controls from all coating,
printing, thinning or cleaning materials used during the compliance
period minus the organic HAP in certain waste materials in the coating/
printing operation or group of coating/printing operations for which
you use the organic HAP overall control efficiency option.
(3) Calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions for each
controlled coating/printing operation. Determine the mass of organic
HAP emissions reduced for each controlled coating/printing operation
during the compliance period. The emissions reductions determination
quantifies the total organic HAP emissions that pass through the
emission capture system and are destroyed or removed by the add-on
control device. Use the procedures in paragraph (d)(4) of this section
to calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions reductions for each
controlled coating/printing operation using an emission capture system
and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances. For each controlled
coating/printing operation using a solvent recovery system for which
you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, use the procedures in
paragraph (d)(5) of this section to calculate the organic HAP emissions
reductions.
(4) Calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions for controlled
coating/printing operations not using liquid-liquid material balance.
For each controlled coating/printing operation using an emission
capture system and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery
system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate
the organic HAP emissions reductions using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4361.
The equation applies the emission capture system efficiency and add-on
control device efficiency to the mass of organic HAP contained in the
coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning materials that are used in the
coating/printing operation served by the emission capture system and
add-on control device during the compliance period. For any period of
time a deviation specified in Sec. 63.4363(c) or (d) occurs in the
controlled coating/printing operation, including a deviation during
startup, shutdown, or malfunction, then you must assume zero efficiency
for the emission capture system and add-on control device. Equation 1
of Sec. 63.4361 treats the materials used during such a deviation as if
they were used on an uncontrolled coating/printing operation for the
time period of the deviation.
(i) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the coating and
printing material(s) used in the controlled coating/printing operation
during the compliance period, kg, using Equation 1A of Sec. 63.4361.
(ii) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the thinning and
cleaning materials used in the controlled coating/printing operation(s)
during the compliance period, kg, using Equation 1B of Sec. 63.4361.
(iii) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coating, printing,
thinning, and cleaning materials used in the controlled coating/
printing operation during deviations specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) and
(d), using Equation 1C of Sec. 63.4361.
(5) Calculate the organic HAP emissions reductions for controlled
coating/printing operations using liquid-liquid material balance. For
each controlled coating/printing operation using a solvent recovery
system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate
the organic HAP emissions reductions by applying the volatile organic
matter collection and recovery efficiency to the mass of organic HAP
contained in the coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning materials
that are used in the coating/printing operation controlled by the
solvent recovery system during the compliance period. Perform a liquid-
liquid material balance for the compliance period as specified in
paragraphs (d)(5)(i) through (vi) of this section.
(i) For each solvent recovery system, install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device
that indicates the cumulative amount of volatile organic matter
recovered by the solvent recovery system for the compliance period. The
device must be initially certified by the manufacturer to be accurate
to within ± 2.0 percent of the mass of volatile organic
matter recovered.
(ii) For each solvent recovery system, determine the mass of
volatile organic matter recovered for the compliance period, kg, based
on measurement with the device required in paragraph (d)(5)(i) of this
section.
(iii) Determine the mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
each coating and printing material used in the coating/printing
operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
compliance period, kg volatile organic matter per kg coating and
printing material. You may determine the volatile organic matter mass
fraction using Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or an EPA
approved alternative method, or you may use information provided by the
manufacturer or supplier of the coating or printing material. In the
event of any inconsistency between information provided by the
manufacturer or supplier and the results of Method 24 of

[[Page 46074]]

40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or an approved alternative method, the test
method results will govern.
(iv) Measure the mass of each coating, printing, thinning, or
cleaning material used in the coating/printing operation controlled by
the solvent recovery system during the compliance period, kg.
(v) For the compliance period, calculate the solvent recovery
system's volatile organic matter collection and recovery efficiency
using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4361.
(vi) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions reductions for the
coating/printing operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the compliance period, using Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4361.
(6) Calculate the organic HAP overall control efficiency. Determine
the organic HAP overall control efficiency, kg organic HAP emissions
reductions per kg organic HAP emissions before add-on controls during
the compliance period, using Equation 1 of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.020

Where:

H_e = total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls from all the coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning
materials used during the compliance period, kg, determined according
to paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
H_C,i = total mass of organic HAP emissions reduction for
controlled coating/printing operation, i, during the compliance period,
kg, from Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4361.
H_CSR,j = total mass of organic HAP emissions reduction for
controlled coating/printing operation, j, during the compliance period,
kg, from Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4361.
q = number of controlled coating/printing operations except those
controlled with a solvent recovery system.
r = number of coating/printing operations controlled with a solvent
recovery system.

(7) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance
with the organic HAP overall control efficiency in Table 1 to this
subpart, organic HAP overall control efficiency calculated using
Equation 1 of this section must be at least 98 percent for new or
reconstructed affected sources and at least 97 percent for existing
affected sources. You must keep all records as required by
Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification of Compliance
Status required by Sec. 63.4310, you must identify the coating/printing
operation(s) for which you used the organic HAP overall control
efficiency option and submit a statement that the coating/printing
operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations
during the initial compliance period because the organic HAP overall
control efficiency was greater than or equal to the applicable organic
HAP overall control efficiency in Table 1 to this subpart, and you
achieved the operating limits required by Sec. 63.4292 and the work
practice standards required by Sec. 63.4293.
(e) Compliance with oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration
limit. You must follow the procedures in paragraphs (e)(1) through (3)
of this section to demonstrate compliance with the oxidizer outlet
organic HAP concentration limit of no greater than 20 ppmw on a dry
basis.
(1) Install and operate a PTE. Install and operate a PTE around
each work station and associated drying or curing oven in the coating/
printing operation. An enclosure that meets the requirements in
Sec. 63.4371(a) is considered a PTE. Route all organic emissions from
each PTE to an oxidizer.
(2) Determine oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration. Determine
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration through performance tests
using the procedures in Sec. 63.4372(a) and (b).
(3) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance
with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration limit in Table 1 to
this subpart, the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration must be no
greater than 20 ppmv on a dry basis and the efficiency of the capture
system must be 100 percent. You must keep all records as required by
Secs. 63.4330 and 63.4331. As part of the Notification of Compliance
Status required by Sec. 63.4310, you must identify the coating/printing
operation(s) for which you used the oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration option and submit a statement that the coating/printing
operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations
during the initial compliance period because the oxidizer outlet
organic HAP concentration was no greater than 20 ppmv on a dry basis,
the efficiency of the capture system was 100 percent, and you achieved
the operating limits required by Sec. 63.4292 and the work practice
standards required by Sec. 63.4293.

Sec. 63.4367 [Reserved]

Sec. 63.4368 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

(a) You must meet all the requirements of this section to
demonstrate continuous compliance with the organic HAP overall control
efficiency. The organic HAP overall control efficiency for each
compliance period, determined according to the procedures in
Sec. 63.4366(d), must be equal to or greater than the applicable
organic HAP overall control efficiency limit in Table 1 to this
subpart. Each month following the initial compliance period described
in Sec. 63.4365 is a compliance period. You must perform the
calculations in Sec. 63.4366(d) on a monthly basis. You must meet the
applicable requirements of paragraphs (c) through (j) of this section
to demonstrate continuous compliance with the oxidizer outlet organic
HAP concentration limit.
(b) If the organic HAP overall control efficiency for any 1-month
compliance period failed to meet the applicable organic HAP overall
control efficiency in Table 1 to this subpart, this is a deviation from
the emission limitation for that compliance period and must be reported
as specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7).
(c) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each operating
limit required by Sec. 63.4292 that applies to you, as specified in
Table 2 to this subpart.
(1) If an operating parameter is out of the allowed range specified
in Table 2 to this subpart, this is a deviation from the operating
limit that must be reported as specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and
63.4320(a)(7).
(2) If an operating parameter deviates from the operating limit
specified in Table 2 to this subpart, then you must assume that the
emission capture system and add-on control device were achieving zero
efficiency during the

[[Page 46075]]

time period of the deviation. For the purposes of completing the
compliance calculations specified in Sec. 63.4366(d)(4), you must treat
the materials used during a deviation on a controlled coating/printing
operation as if they were used on an uncontrolled coating/printing
operation for the time period of the deviation as indicated in Equation
1 of Sec. 63.4361.
(d) You must meet the requirements for bypass lines in
Sec. 63.4374(b) for controlled coating/printing operations for which
you do not conduct liquid-liquid material balances. If any bypass line
is opened and emissions are diverted to the atmosphere when the
coating/printing operation is running, this is a deviation that must be
reported as specified in Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7). For the
purposes of completing the compliance calculations specified in
Sec. 63.4366(d)(4), you must treat the materials used during a
deviation on a controlled coating/printing operation as if they were
used on an uncontrolled coating/printing operation for the time period
of the deviation as indicated in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4361.
(e) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.4293. If you did not develop a work
practice plan, or you did not implement the plan, or you did not keep
the records required by Sec. 63.4330(j)(8), this is a deviation from
the work practice standards that must be reported as specified in
Secs. 63.4310(c)(6) and 63.4320(a)(7).
(f) As part of each semiannual compliance report required in
Sec. 63.4320, you must identify the coating/printing operation(s) for
which you use the organic HAP overall control efficiency option or the
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option. If there were no
deviations from the organic HAP overall control efficiency limitations,
submit a statement that you were in compliance with the emission
limitations during the reporting period because the organic HAP overall
control efficiency for each compliance period was greater than or equal
to the applicable organic HAP overall control efficiency in Table 1 to
this subpart, and you achieved the operating limits required by
Sec. 63.4292 and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.4293
during each compliance period. If there were no deviations from the
oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration limit, submit a statement
that you were in compliance with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration limit, the efficiency of the capture system is 100
percent, and you achieved the operating limits required by Sec. 63.4292
and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.4293 during each
compliance period.
(g) During periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating/printing
operation that may affect emission capture or control device
efficiency, you must operate in accordance with the startup, shutdown,
and malfunction plan required by Sec. 63.4300(c).
(h) Consistent with Secs. 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that
occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating/printing
operation that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency
are not violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's
satisfaction that you were operating in accordance with the startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan. The Administrator will determine
whether deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or
malfunction are violations according to the provisions in Sec. 63.6(e).
(i) [Reserved]
(j) You must maintain records as specified in Secs. 63.4330 and
63.4331.

Performance Testing and Monitoring Requirements

Sec. 63.4370 What are the general requirements for performance tests?

(a) You must conduct each performance test required by Sec. 63.4360
or Sec. 63.4365 according to the requirements in Sec. 63.7(e)(1) and
under the conditions in this section, unless you obtain a waiver of the
performance test according to the provisions in Sec. 63.7(h).
(1) Representative coating/printing operation operating conditions.
You must conduct the performance test under representative operating
conditions for the coating/printing operation. Operations during
periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction and during periods of
nonoperation do not constitute representative conditions. You must
record the process information that is necessary to document operating
conditions during the test and explain why the conditions represent
normal operation.
(2) Representative emission capture system and add-on control
device operating conditions. You must conduct the performance test when
the emission capture system and add-on control device are operating at
a representative flow rate, and the add-on control device is operating
at a representative inlet concentration. You must record information
that is necessary to document emission capture system and add-on
control device operating conditions during the test and explain why the
conditions represent normal operation.
(b) You must conduct each performance test of an emission capture
system according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4371. You must conduct
each performance test of an add-on control device according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4372.

Sec. 63.4371 How do I determine the emission capture system
efficiency?

You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine capture efficiency as part of the performance test required
by Sec. 63.4360 or Sec. 63.4365.
(a) Assuming 100 percent capture efficiency. You may assume the
capture system efficiency is 100 percent if both of the conditions in
paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section are met.
(1) The capture system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix
M to 40 CFR part 51 for a PTE and directs all the exhaust gases from
the enclosure to an add-on control device.
(2) All coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning materials used in
the coating/printing operation are applied within the capture system;
coating and printing solvent flash-off, curing, and drying occurs
within the capture system; and the removal or evaporation of cleaning
materials from the surfaces they are applied to occurs within the
capture system. For example, this criterion is not met if the web
enters the open shop environment when moving between the application
station and a curing oven.
(b) Measuring capture efficiency. If the capture system does not
meet both of the criteria in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section,
then you must use one of the three protocols described in paragraphs
(c), (d), and (e) of this section to measure capture efficiency. The
capture efficiency measurements use TVH capture efficiency as a
surrogate for organic HAP capture efficiency. For the protocols in
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, the capture efficiency
measurement must consist of three test runs. Each test run must be at
least 3 hours duration or the length of a production run, up to 8
hours.
(c) Liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure. The liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol
compares the mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the coating/
printing operation to the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the
emission capture system. Use a

[[Page 46076]]

temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure and the procedures in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (6) of this section to measure emission
capture system efficiency using the liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol.
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating/printing operation where coating, printing,
thinning, and cleaning materials are applied, and all areas where
emissions from these applied coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning
materials subsequently occur, such as flash-off, curing, and drying
areas. The areas of the coating/printing operation where capture
devices collect emissions for routing to an add-on control device, such
as the entrance and exit areas of an oven or tenter frame, must also be
inside the enclosure. The enclosure must meet the applicable definition
of a temporary total enclosure or building enclosure in Method 204 of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51.
(2) Use Method 204A or 204F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
determine the mass fraction of TVH liquid input from each coating,
printing, thinning, and cleaning material used in the coating/printing
operation during each capture efficiency test run. To make the
determination, substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term volatile
organic compounds (VOC) in the methods.
(3) Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the total mass of
TVH liquid input from all the coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning
materials used in the coating/printing operation during each capture
efficiency test run.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.021

Where:

TVH_used = mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the
coating/printing operation during the capture efficiency test run, lb.
TVH_i = mass fraction of TVH in coating, printing, thinning,
or cleaning material, i, that is used in the coating/printing operation
during the capture efficiency test run, kg TVH per kg material.
M_i = total mass of coating, printing, thinning, or cleaning
material, i, used in the coating/printing operation during the capture
efficiency test run, kg.
n = number of different coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning
materials used in the coating/printing operation during the capture
efficiency test run.

(4) Use Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to measure
the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by the
emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the temporary
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency
test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each occurrence
of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) Use Method 204D if the enclosure is a temporary total
enclosure.
(ii) Use Method 204E if the enclosure is a building enclosure.
During the capture efficiency measurement, all organic compound-
emitting operations inside the building enclosure, other than the
coating/printing operation for which capture efficiency is being
determined, must be shut down, but all fans and blowers must be
operating normally.
(5) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 2 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.022

Where:

CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVH_used = total mass of TVH liquid input used in the
coating/printing operation during the capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVH_uncaptured = total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run,
kg.

(6) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(d) Gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total enclosure or a
building enclosure. The gas-to-gas protocol compares the mass of TVH
emissions captured by the emission capture system to the mass of TVH
emissions not captured. Use a temporary total enclosure or a building
enclosure and the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) through (5) of this
section to measure emission capture system efficiency using the gas-to-
gas protocol.
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating/printing operation where coating, printing,
thinning, and cleaning materials are applied, and all areas where
emissions from these applied coating, printing, thinning, and cleaning
materials subsequently occur, such as flash-off, curing, and drying
areas. The areas of the coating/printing operation where capture
devices collect emissions generated by the coating/printing operation
for routing to an add-on control device, such as the entrance and exit
areas of an oven or a tenter frame, must also be inside the enclosure.
The enclosure must meet the applicable definition of a temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR
part 51.
(2) Use Method 204B or 204C of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
measure the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions captured by the emission
capture system during each capture efficiency test run as measured at
the inlet to the add-on control device. To make the measurement,
substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) The sampling points for the Method 204B or 204C measurement
must be upstream from the add-on control device and must represent
total emissions routed from the capture system and entering the add-on
control device.
(ii) If multiple emission streams from the capture system enter the
add-on control device without a single common duct, then the emissions
entering the add-on control device must be simultaneously measured in
each duct and the total emissions entering the add-on control device
must be determined.
(3) Use Method 204D or 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
measure the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by
the emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the
temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture
efficiency test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each
occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.

[[Page 46077]]

(i) Use Method 204D if the enclosure is a temporary total
enclosure.
(ii) Use Method 204E if the enclosure is a building enclosure.
During the capture efficiency measurement, all organic compound-
emitting operations inside the building enclosure, other than the
coating/printing operation for which capture efficiency is being
determined, must be shut down, but all fans and blowers must be
operating normally.
(4) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 3 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.023

Where:
CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVH_captured = total mass of TVH captured by the emission
capture system as measured at the inlet to the add-on control device
during the emission capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVH_uncaptured = total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run,
kg.

(5) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(e) Alternative capture efficiency protocol. As an alternative to
the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, you
may determine capture efficiency using any other capture efficiency
protocol and test methods that satisfy the criteria of either the DQO
or LCL approach as described in appendix A to subpart KK of this part.

Sec. 63.4372 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?

You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal
efficiency as part of the performance test required by Secs. 63.4360
and 63.4365. You must conduct three test runs as specified in
Sec. 63.7(e)(3) and each test run must last at least 1 hour.
(a) For all types of add-on control devices, use the test methods
as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Use Method 1 or 1A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, to select sampling sites and velocity traverse points.
(2) Use Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G of appendix A to 40 CFR
part 60, as appropriate, to measure gas volumetric flow rate.
(3) Use Method 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, for gas analysis to determine dry molecular weight. You
may also use as an alternative to Method 3B, the manual method for
measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide content of
exhaust gas in ANSI/ASME, PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas
Analyses.''
(4) Use Method 4 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 to determine stack
gas moisture.
(5) Methods for determining gas volumetric flow rate, dry molecular
weight, and stack gas moisture must be performed, as applicable, during
each test run.
(b) Measure the volatile organic matter concentration as carbon at
the inlet and outlet of the add-on control device simultaneously, using
Method 25 or 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60. If you are
demonstrating compliance with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration limit, only the outlet volatile organic matter
concentration must be determined. The outlet volatile organic matter
concentration is determined as the average of the three test runs.
(1) Use Method 25 if the add-on control device is an oxidizer and
you expect the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon to be more
than 50 parts per million (ppm) at the control device outlet.
(2) Use Method 25A if the add-on control device is an oxidizer and
you expect the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon to be 50
ppm or less at the control device outlet. Method 25A must be used to
demonstrate compliance with the oxidizer outlet organic HAP
concentration limit.
(3) Use Method 25A if the add-on control device is not an oxidizer.
(c) If two or more add-on control devices are used for the same
emission stream, then you must measure emissions at the outlet to the
atmosphere of each device. For example, if one add-on control device is
a concentrator with an outlet to the atmosphere for the high-volume,
dilute stream that has been treated by the concentrator, and a second
add-on control device is an oxidizer with an outlet to the atmosphere
for the low-volume, concentrated stream that is treated with the
oxidizer, you must measure emissions at the outlet of the oxidizer and
the high volume dilute stream outlet of the concentrator.
(d) For each test run, determine the total gaseous organic
emissions mass flow rates for the inlet and the outlet of the add-on
control device, using Equation 1 of this section. If there is more than
one inlet or outlet to the add-on control device, you must calculate
the total gaseous organic mass flow rate using Equation 1 of this
section for each inlet and each outlet and then total all of the inlet
emissions and total all of the outlet emissions:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.024

Where:

M_f = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate, kg/per
hour (h).
C_c = concentration of organic compounds as carbon in the
vent gas, as determined by Method 25 or Method 25A, ppmv, dry basis.
Q_sd = volumetric flow rate of gases entering or exiting the
add-on control device, as determined by Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or
2G, dry standard cubic meters/hour (dscm/h).
0.0416 = conversion factor for molar volume, kg-moles per cubic meter
(mole/m \3\) (@ 293 Kelvin (K) and 760 millimeters of mercury (mmHg)).

(e) For each test run, determine the add-on control device organic
emissions destruction or removal efficiency using Equation 2 of this
section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP11JY02.025

Where:

DRE = organic emissions destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent.
M_fi = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
inlet(s) to the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.

[[Page 46078]]

M_fo = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
outlet(s) of the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.

(f) Determine the emission destruction or removal efficiency of the
add-on control device as the average of the efficiencies determined in
the three test runs and calculated in Equation 2 of this section.

Sec. 63.4373 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on
control device operating limits during the performance test?

During the performance test required by Sec. 63.4360 or
Sec. 63.4365 and described in Secs. 63.4370, 63.4371, and 63.4372, you
must establish the operating limits required by Sec. 63.4292 according
to this section, unless you have received approval for alternative
monitoring and operating limits under Sec. 63.8(f) as specified in
Sec. 63.4292.
(a) Thermal oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a thermal
oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (a)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
combustion temperature at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs. You must monitor the temperature in the firebox of
the thermal oxidizer or immediately downstream of the firebox before
any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average combustion temperature maintained during the
performance test. This average combustion temperature is the minimum
operating limit for your thermal oxidizer.
(b) Catalytic oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a
catalytic oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to either
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) or paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
temperature just before the catalyst bed and the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature just before the catalyst bed and the
average temperature difference across the catalyst bed maintained
during the performance test. These are the minimum operating limits for
your catalytic oxidizer.
(3) As an alternative to monitoring the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed, you may monitor the temperature at the inlet
to the catalyst bed and implement a site-specific inspection and
maintenance plan for your catalytic oxidizer as specified in paragraph
(b)(4) of this section. During the performance test, you must monitor
and record the temperature just before the catalyst bed at least once
every 15 minutes during each of the three test runs. Use the data
collected during the performance test to calculate and record the
average temperature just before the catalyst bed during the performance
test. This is the minimum operating limit for your catalytic oxidizer.
(4) You must develop and implement an inspection and maintenance
plan for your catalytic oxidizer(s) for which you elect to monitor
according to paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The plan must address,
at a minimum, the elements specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through
(iii) of this section.
(i) Annual sampling and analysis of the catalyst activity (i.e.,
conversion efficiency) following the manufacturer's or catalyst
supplier's recommended procedures.
(ii) Monthly inspection of the oxidizer system, including the
burner assembly and fuel supply lines for problems and, as necessary,
adjust the equipment to assure proper air-to-fuel mixtures.
(iii) Annual internal and monthly external visual inspection of the
catalyst bed to check for channeling, abrasion, and settling. If
problems are found, you must take corrective action consistent with the
manufacturer's recommendations and conduct a new performance test to
determine destruction efficiency according to Sec. 63.4566.
(c) Carbon adsorbers. If your add-on control device is a carbon
adsorber, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (c)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) You must monitor and record the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle,
and the carbon bed temperature after each carbon bed regeneration and
cooling cycle for the regeneration cycle either immediately preceding
or immediately following the performance test.
(2) The operating limits for your carbon adsorber are the minimum
total desorbing gas mass flow recorded during the regeneration cycle,
and the maximum carbon bed temperature recorded after the cooling
cycle.
(d) Condensers. If your add-on control device is a condenser,
establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (d)(1) and (2)
of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature
maintained during the performance test. This average condenser outlet
gas temperature is the maximum operating limit for your condenser.
(e) Concentrator. If your add-on control device includes a
concentrator, you must establish operating limits for the concentrator
according to paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
desorption concentrate stream gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three runs of the performance test.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature. This is the minimum operating limit
for the desorption concentrate gas stream temperature.
(3) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
pressure drop of the dilute stream across the concentrator at least
once every 15 minutes during each of the three runs of the performance
test.
(4) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average pressure drop. This is the maximum operating
limit for the dilute stream across the concentrator.
(f) Emission capture system. For each capture device that is not
part of a PTE that meets the criteria of Sec. 63.4371(a), establish an
operating limit for either the gas volumetric flow rate or duct static
pressure, as specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
The operating limit for a PTE is specified in Table 2 to this subpart.
(1) During the capture efficiency determination required by
Sec. 63.4360 or Sec. 63.4365 and described in Secs. 63.4370 and
63.4371, you must monitor and record either the gas volumetric flow
rate or the duct static pressure for each separate capture device in
your emission capture system at least once every 15 minutes during each
of the three test runs at a point in the duct between the capture
device and the add-on control device inlet.
(2) Calculate and record the average gas volumetric flow rate or
duct static pressure for the three test runs for each capture device.
This average gas volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure is the
minimum operating limit for that specific capture device.

[[Page 46079]]

Sec. 63.4374 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system (CPMS) installation, operation, and maintenance?

(a) General. You must install, operate, and maintain each CPMS
specified in paragraphs (c), (e), (f), and (g) of this section
according to paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section. You must
install, operate, and maintain each CPMS specified in paragraphs (b)
and (d) of this section according to paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) of
this section.
(1) The CPMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation for
each successive 15-minute period. You must have a minimum of four
equally spaced successive cycles of CPMS operation in 1 hour.
(2) You must determine the average of all recorded readings for
each successive 3-hour period of the emission capture system and add-on
control device operation.
(3) You must record the results of each inspection, calibration,
and validation check of the CPMS.
(4) You must maintain the CPMS at all times and have available
necessary parts for routine repairs of the monitoring equipment.
(5) You must operate the CPMS and collect emission capture system
and add-on control device parameter data at all times that a controlled
coating/printing operation is operating, except during monitoring
malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality assurance or
control activities (including, if applicable, calibration checks and
required zero and span adjustments).
(6) You must not use emission capture system or add-on control
device parameter data recorded during monitoring malfunctions,
associated repairs, out-of-control periods, or required quality
assurance or control activities when calculating data averages. You
must use all the data collected during all other periods in calculating
the data averages for determining compliance with the emission capture
system and add-on control device operating limits.
(7) A monitoring malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not
reasonably preventable failure of the CPMS to provide valid data.
Monitoring failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or
careless operation are not malfunctions. Any period for which the
monitoring system is out-of-control and data are not available for
required calculations is a deviation from the monitoring requirements.
(b) Capture system bypass line. You must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section for each emission capture
system that contains bypass lines that could divert emissions away from
the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(1) You must monitor or secure the valve or closure mechanism
controlling the bypass line in a nondiverting position in such a way
that the valve or closure mechanism cannot be opened without creating a
record that the valve was opened. The method used to monitor or secure
the valve or closure mechanism must meet one of the requirements
specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) Flow control position indicator. Install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a flow
control position indicator that takes a reading at least once every 15
minutes and provides a record indicating whether the emissions are
directed to the add-on control device or diverted from the add-on
control device. The time of occurrence and flow control position must
be recorded, as well as every time the flow direction is changed. The
flow control position indicator must be installed at the entrance to
any bypass line that could divert the emissions away from the add-on
control device to the atmosphere.
(ii) Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures. Secure any bypass
line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key
type configuration. You must visually inspect the seal or closure
mechanism at least once every month to ensure that the valve is
maintained in the closed position, and the emissions are not diverted
away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(iii) Valve closure continuous monitoring. Ensure that any bypass
line valve is in the closed (non-diverting) position through monitoring
of valve position at least once every 15 minutes. You must inspect the
monitoring system at least once every month to verify that the monitor
will indicate valve position.
(iv) Automatic shutdown system. Use an automatic shutdown system in
which the coating/printing operation is stopped when flow is diverted
by the bypass line away from the add-on control device to the
atmosphere when the coating/printing operation is running. You must
inspect the automatic shutdown system at least once every month to
verify that it will detect diversions of flow and shutdown the coating/
printing operation.
(2) If any bypass line is opened, you must include a description of
why the bypass line was opened and the length of time it remained open
in the semiannual compliance reports required in Sec. 63.4320.
(c) Thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers. If you are using a
thermal oxidizer or catalytic oxidizer as an add-on control device
(including those with concentrators or with carbon adsorbers to treat
desorbed concentrate streams), you must comply with the requirements in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:
(1) For a thermal oxidizer, install a gas temperature monitor in
the firebox of the thermal oxidizer or in the duct immediately
downstream of the firebox before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) For a catalytic oxidizer, install gas temperature monitors both
upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed. The temperature monitors
must be in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed
to measure the temperature difference across the bed.
(3) For all thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers, you must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (c)(3)(i) through (vii) of
this section for each gas temperature monitoring device.
(i) Locate the temperature sensor in a position that provides a
representative temperature.
(ii) Use a temperature sensor with a measurement sensitivity of 4
degrees Fahrenheit or 0.75 percent of the temperature value, whichever
is larger.
(iii) Shield the temperature sensor system from electromagnetic
interference and chemical contaminants.
(iv) If a gas temperature chart recorder is used, it must have a
measurement sensitivity in the minor division of at least 20 degrees
Fahrenheit.
(v) Perform an electronic calibration at least semiannually
according to the procedures in the manufacturer's owners manual.
Following the electronic calibration, you must conduct a temperature
sensor validation check in which a second or redundant temperature
sensor placed nearby the process temperature sensor must yield a
reading within 30 degrees Fahrenheit of the process temperature sensor
reading.
(vi) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the sensor
exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating temperature
range or install a new temperature sensor.
(vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity and
electrical connections for continuity, oxidation, and galvanic
corrosion.
(d) Carbon adsorbers. If you are using a carbon adsorber as an add-
on control device, you must monitor the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle,
the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and

[[Page 46080]]

cooling cycle, and comply with paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) and (d)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) The regeneration desorbing gas mass flow monitor must be an
integrating device having a measurement sensitivity of plus or minus 10
percent capable of recording the total regeneration desorbing gas mass
flow for each regeneration cycle.
(2) The carbon bed temperature monitor must have a measurement
sensitivity of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree
Fahrenheit, whichever is greater, and must be capable of recording the
temperature within 15 minutes of completing any carbon bed cooling
cycle.
(e) Condensers. If you are using a condenser, you must monitor the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature and comply with
paragraphs (a) and (e)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) The gas temperature monitor must have a measurement sensitivity
of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree Fahrenheit,
whichever is greater.
(2) The temperature monitor must provide a gas temperature record
at least once every 15 minutes.
(f) Concentrator. If you are using a concentrator, such as a
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed concentrator, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) You must install a temperature monitor in the desorption gas
stream. The temperature monitor must meet the requirements in
paragraphs (a) and (c)(3) of this section.
(2) You must install a device to monitor pressure drop across the
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed. The pressure monitoring device must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (f)(2)(i) through (vii) of
this section.
(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that
provides a representative measurement of the pressure.
(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and
internal and external corrosion.
(iii) Use a gauge with a minimum tolerance of 0.5 inch of water or
a transducer with a minimum tolerance of 1 percent of the pressure
range.
(iv) Check the pressure tap daily.
(v) Using a manometer, check gauge calibration quarterly and
transducer calibration monthly.
(vi) Conduct calibration checks anytime the sensor exceeds the
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a
new pressure sensor.
(vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity,
electrical connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for
leakage.
(g) Emission capture systems. The capture system monitoring system
must comply with the applicable requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) and
(2) of this section.
(1) For each flow measurement device, you must meet the
requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(1)(i) through (iv) of this
section.
(i) Locate a flow sensor in a position that provides a
representative flow measurement in the duct from each capture device in
the emission capture system to the add-on control device.
(ii) Reduce swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to
upstream and downstream disturbances.
(iii) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least
semiannually.
(iv) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.
(2) For each pressure drop measurement device, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(2)(i) through (vi) of this
section.
(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that
provides a representative measurement of the pressure drop across each
opening you are monitoring.
(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and
internal and external corrosion.
(iii) Check pressure tap pluggage daily.
(iv) Using an inclined manometer with a measurement sensitivity of
0.0002 inch water, check gauge calibration quarterly and transducer
calibration monthly.
(v) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a
new pressure sensor.
(vi) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.

Other Requirements and Information

Sec. 63.4380 Who implements and enforces this subpart?

(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, the U.S.
EPA, or a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal
agency. If the Administrator has delegated authority to your State,
local, or tribal agency, then that agency (as well as the U.S. EPA),
has the authority to implement and enforce this subpart. You should
contact your EPA Regional Office to find out if implementation and
enforcement of this subpart is delegated to your State, local, or
tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under subpart E of this
part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are
retained by the Administrator and are not transferred to the State,
local, or tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or
tribal agencies are listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this
section:
(1) Approval of alternatives to the work practice standards in
Sec. 63.4293 under Sec. 63.6(g).
(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under
Sec. 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under Sec. 63.8(f)
and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting
under Sec. 63.10(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.

Sec. 63.4381 What definitions apply to this subpart?

Terms used in this subpart are defined in the CAA, in 40 CFR 63.2,
the General Provisions of this part, and in this section as follows:
Add-on control means an air pollution control device, such as a
thermal oxidizer or carbon adsorber, that reduces pollution in an air
stream by destruction or removal before discharge to the atmosphere.
As purchased means the condition of a coating, printing, slashing,
dyeing, or finishing material as delivered to the affected source,
before alteration.
Capture device means a hood, enclosure, room, floor sweep, or other
means of containing or collecting emissions and directing those
emissions into an add-on air pollution control device.
Capture efficiency means the portion (expressed as a percentage) of
the pollutants from an emission source that is delivered to an add-on
control device.
Capture system means one or more capture devices intended to
collect emissions generated by a coating or printing operation in the
use of coating or printing materials, both at the point of application
and at subsequent points where emissions from the coating or printing
materials occur, such as flashoff, drying, or curing. As used in this
subpart, multiple capture devices that collect emissions generated by a
coating or printing operation are considered a single capture system.
Cleaning material means a solvent used to remove contaminants and
other

[[Page 46081]]

materials, such as dirt, grease, or oil, from a textile before or after
a coating/printing operation, slashing operation, or dyeing/finishing
operation or from equipment associated with the coating/ printing
operation, slashing operation, or dyeing/finishing operation, such as
tanks, rollers, rotary screens, and knife or wiper blades. Thus, it
includes any cleaning material used on substrates or equipment or both.
Coating means the application of a semi-liquid coating material to
one or both sides of a textile web substrate. Once the coating material
is dried (and cured, if necessary), it bonds with the textile to form a
continuous solid film for decorative, protective, or functional
purposes. Coating does not include finishing where the fiber is
impregnated with a chemical or resin to impart certain properties, but
a solid film is not formed. Coating does not include the production or
printing of laminated fabric.
Coating material means an elastomer, polymer, or prepolymer
material applied as a thin layer to a textile web. Such materials
include, but are not limited to, coatings, sealants, inks, and
adhesives. Decorative, protective, or functional materials that consist
only of acids, bases, or any combination of these substances are not
considered coating material for the purposes of this subpart. Thinning
materials also are not included in this definition of coating
materials, but are accounted for separately.
Coating operation means equipment used to apply cleaning materials
to a substrate to prepare it for coating material application (surface
preparation), to apply coating material to a substrate (coating
application) and to dry or cure the coating material after application
by exposure to heat or radiation (coating drying or curing), or to
clean coating operation equipment (equipment cleaning). A single
coating operation may include any combination of these types of
equipment, but always includes at least the point at which a coating or
cleaning material is applied and all subsequent points in the affected
source where organic HAP emissions from that coating or cleaning
material occur. There may be multiple coating operations in an affected
source. Coating application with handheld, nonrefillable aerosol
containers, touch-up markers, or marking pens is not a coating
operation for the purposes of this subpart. A coating operation with
coating material drying or curing at ambient conditions is not coating
for the purposes of this subpart.
Continuous parameter monitoring system means the total equipment
that may be required to meet the data acquisition and availability
requirements of this subpart, used to sample, condition (if
applicable), analyze, and provide a record of coating or printing
operation, or capture system, or add-on control device parameters.
Controlled coating/printing operation means a coating/printing
operation from which some or all of the organic HAP emissions are
routed through an emission capture system and add-on control device.
Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to
this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:
(1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this
subpart, including but not limited to any emission limit, or operating
limit, or work practice standard;
(2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to
implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is
included in the operating permit for any affected source required to
obtain such a permit; or
(3) Fails to meet any emission limit, or operating limit, or work
practice standard in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or
malfunction, regardless of whether or not such failure is permitted by
this subpart.
Dyeing means the process of applying color to the whole body of a
textile substrate with either natural or synthetic dyes. Dyes are
applied to yarn, fiber, cord, or fabric in aqueous solutions and dried
before or after finishing, depending on the process. Continuous dyeing
processes include, but are not limited to thermosol, pad/steam, pad/
dry, and rope range dyeing. Batch dyeing processes include, but are not
limited to, jet, beck, stock, yarn, kier, beam, pad, package and skein
dyeing.
Dyeing materials means the purchased dyes and dyeing auxiliaries
that are used in the dyeing process. The dyes are the substances that
add color to textiles through incorporation into the fiber by chemical
reaction, absorption or dispersion. Dyeing auxiliaries are various
substances that can be added to the dyebath to aid dyeing. Dyeing
auxiliaries may be necessary to transfer the dye from the dyebath to
the fiber or they may provide improvements in the dyeing process or
characteristics of the dyed fiber.
Dyeing operation means the collection of equipment used to dye a
textile substrate and includes equipment used for dye application, dye
fixation, textile substrate rinsing and drying, or to clean dyeing
operation equipment. A single dyeing operation may include any
combination of these types of equipment, but always includes at least
the point at which a dyeing or cleaning material is applied and all
subsequent points in the affected source where organic HAP emissions
from that dyeing or cleaning material occur. There may be multiple
dyeing operations in an affected source.
Emission limitation means an emission limit, operating limit, or
work practice standard.
Enclosure means a structure that surrounds a source of emissions
and captures and directs the emissions to an add-on control device.
Exempt compound means a specific compound that is not considered a
VOC due to negligible photochemical reactivity. The exempt compounds
are listed in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
Fabric means any woven, knitted, plaited, braided, felted, or non-
woven material made of filaments, fibers, or yarns including thread.
This term includes material made of fiberglass, natural fibers,
synthetic fibers, or composite.
Finishing means the chemical treatment of a textile (e.g., with
resins, softeners, stain resist or soil release agents, water
repellants, flame retardants, antistatic agents, or hand builders) that
improves the appearance and/or usefulness of the textile substrate.
Finishing materials means the purchased substances (including
auxiliaries added to the finish to improve the finishing process or the
characteristics of the finished textile) that are applied individually
or as mixtures to textile substrates to impart desired properties.
Finishing operations means the collection of equipment used to
finish a textile substrate including chemical finish applicator(s),
flashoff area(s) and drying or curing oven(s).
Laminated fabric means fabric composed of a high-strength
reinforcing base fabric between two plies of flexible thermoplastic
film. Also, two or more fabrics or a fabric and a paper substrate may
be bonded with an adhesive to form a laminate.
Manufacturer's formulation data means data on a material (such as a
coating, printing, slashing, dyeing and finishing) that are supplied by
the material manufacturer based on knowledge of the ingredients used to
manufacture that material, rather than based on testing of the
material. Manufacturer's formulation data may include, but are not
limited to, information on density, organic HAP content, and coating,
printing, dyeing,

[[Page 46082]]

slashing, finishing, thinning, or cleaning material content.
Mass fraction of organic HAP means the ratio of the mass of organic
HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained; kg of organic
HAP per kg of material.
Month means a calendar month or a pre-specified period of 28 days
to 35 days to allow for flexibility in recordkeeping when data are
based on a business accounting period.
Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP per mass of
solids for a coating or printing material calculated using Equation 1
of Sec. 63.4341. The organic HAP content is determined for the coating
or printing material as purchased.
Permanent total enclosure (PTE) means a permanently installed
enclosure that meets the criteria of Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR
part 51, for a PTE and that directs all the exhaust gases from the
enclosure to an add-on control device.
Printing means the application of color and patterns to textiles,
usually in the form of a paste, using a variety of techniques
including, but not limited to, ink jet, roller and rotary screen
printing. After application of the printing material, the textile
usually is treated with steam, heat, or chemicals to fix the color.
Printing material means the purchased substances, usually including
gums or thickeners, dyes and appropriate chemicals such as defoamers
and resins that are mixed to produce the print pastes applied to
textile substrates as patterns and colors.
Printing operation means equipment used to apply cleaning materials
to a substrate to prepare it for printing material application (surface
preparation), to apply printing material to a substrate (printing
application) and to dry or cure the printing material after application
by exposure to heat or radiation (printing material drying or curing),
or to clean printing operation equipment (equipment cleaning). A single
printing operation may include any combination of these types of
equipment, but always includes at least the point at which a printing
or cleaning material is applied and all subsequent points in the
affected source where organic HAP emissions from that printing or
cleaning material occur. There may be multiple printing operations in
an affected source. A printing operation with printing material drying
or curing at ambient conditions is not printing for the purposes of
this subpart.
Regulated materials means the HAP-containing materials that are
used in the three printing, coating, and dyeing subcategories defined
in Sec. 63.4281(a) and are the source of the HAP emissions limited by
the requirements of this subpart. The specific regulated materials for
each subcategory are defined in Sec. 63.4282.
Research or laboratory facility means a facility whose primary
purpose is for research and development of new processes and products
that is conducted under the close supervision of technically trained
personnel and is not engaged in the manufacture of final or
intermediate products for commercial purposes, except in a de minimis
manner.
Responsible official means responsible official as defined in 40
CFR 70.2.
Slashing means the application of a chemical sizing solution to
warp yarns prior to weaving to protect against snagging or abrasion
that could occur during weaving.
Slashing materials, also known as sizing, means the purchased
compounds that are applied to warp yarns prior to weaving. Starch,
gelatin, oil, wax, and manufactured polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol,
polystyrene, polyacrylic acid and polyacetates are used as sizing
compounds.
Slashing operation means the equipment used to mix and prepare size
for application and the slasher, which is the equipment used to apply
and dry size on warp yarn.
Solids means the nonvolatile portion of the coating and printing
materials that makes up the dry film on a coated substrate and the
pattern or color on a printed substrate.
Startup, initial means the first time equipment is brought online
in a facility.
Surface preparation means chemical treatment of part or all of a
substrate to prepare it for coating, printing, dyeing and finishing
material application.
Temporary total enclosure means an enclosure constructed for the
purpose of measuring the capture efficiency of pollutants emitted from
a given source as defined in Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR part 51.
Textile means any one of the following:
(1) Staple fibers and filaments suitable for conversion to or use
as yarns, or for the preparation of woven, knit, or nonwoven fabrics;
(2) Yarns made from natural or manufactured fibers;
(3) Fabrics and other manufactured products made from staple fibers
and filaments and from yarn; and
(4) Garments and other articles fabricated from fibers, yarns, or
fabrics.
Thinning material means an organic solvent that is added to a
coating or printing material after the coating or printing material is
received from the supplier.
Total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) means the total amount of
nonaqueous volatile organic material determined according to Methods
204A through 204C of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 and substituting the
term TVH each place in the methods where the term VOC is used. The TVH
includes both VOC and non-VOC.
Uncontrolled coating/printing operation means a coating/printing
operation from which none of the organic HAP emissions are routed
through an emission capture system and add-on control device.
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) means any compounds defined as VOC
in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
Wastewater means water that is generated in a coating, printing,
slashing, dyeing or finishing operation and is collected, stored, or
treated prior to being discarded or discharged.
Web means a continuous textile substrate which is flexible enough
to be wound or unwound as rolls.

Tables to Subpart OOOO of Part 63

If you are required to comply with operating limits in
Sec. 63.4292, you must comply with the applicable emission limits in
the following table:

[[Page 46083]]

Table 1 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63.--Emission Limits for New or
Reconstructed and Existing Affected Sources in the Printing, Coating and
Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles Source Category
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Then this is the
organic HAP
And it conducts . emission limit for
If your affected source is a . . . . each 1-month
. compliance period
. . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. New or reconstructed coating Coating operations You may choose any
and printing affected source. only, or Printing one of the
operations only, following limits:
or Both coating Reduce organic
and printing HAP emissions to
operations. the atmosphere by
achieving at
least a 98
percent organic
HAP overall
control
efficiency; Limit
organic HAP
emissions to the
atmosphere to no
more than 0.08 kg
of organic HAP
per kg of solids
used; or If you
use an oxidizer
to control
organic HAP
emissions,
operate the
oxidizer such
that an outlet
organic HAP
concentration of
no greater then
20 ppmv by
compound on a dry
basis is achieved
and the
efficiency of the
capture system is
100 percent.
2. Existing coating and printing Coating operations You may choose any
affected source. only, or Printing one of the
operations only, following limits:
or Both coating Reduce organic
and printing HAP emissions to
operations. the atmosphere by
achieving at
least a 97
percent organic
HAP overall
control
efficiency; Limit
organic HAP
emissions to the
atmosphere to no
more than 0.12 kg
of organic HAP
per kg of solids
used; or If you
use an oxidizer
to control
organic HAP
emissions,
operate the
oxidizer such
that an outlet
organic HAP
concentration of
no greater than
20 ppmv on a dry
basis is achieved
and the
efficiency of the
capture system is
100 percent.
3. New, reconstructed or a. Dyeing You must limit
existing dyeing and finishing operations only. organic HAP
affected source. emissions to the
atmosphere to no
more than 0.016
kg of organic HAP
per kg of dyeing
materials.
b. Finishing You must limit
operations only. organic HAP
emissions to the
atmosphere to no
more than zero kg
of organic HAP
per kg of
finishing
materials as
determined
according to Sec.
63.4341 of this
subpart.
c. Both dyeing and You must limit
finishing organic HAP
operations. emissions to the
atmosphere to no
more than 0.016
kg of organic HAP
per kg of dyeing
and finishing
materials.
4. New, reconstructed or Slashing You must limit
existing slashing affected operations only. organic HAP
source. emissions to the
atmosphere to no
more than zero kg
organic HAP per
kg of slashing
materials as
determined
according to Sec.
63.4341 of this
subpart.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

If you are required to comply with the operating limits by
Sec. 63.4292, you must comply with the applicable operating limits in
the following table:

Table 2 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63.--Operating Limits if Using Add-On
Control Devices and Capture System
------------------------------------------------------------------------
And you must
You must meet the demonstrate
following continuous
For the following device . . . operating limit . compliance with
. . the operating
limit by . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. thermal oxidizer............. a. the average i. collecting the
combustion combustion
temperature in temperature data
any 3-hour period according to Sec.
must not fall 63.4374(c); ii.
below the reducing the data
combustion to 3-hour block
temperature limit averages; and
established iii. maintaining
according to Sec. the 3-hour
63.4373(a). average
combustion at or
above the
temperature
limit.
2. catalytic oxidizer........... a. the average i. collecting the
temperature temperature data
measured just according to Sec.
before the 63.4374(c); ii.
catalyst bed in reducing the data
any 3-hour period to 3-hour block
must not fall averages; and
below the limit iii. maintaining
established the 3-hour
according to Sec. average
63.4373(b); and temperature
either. before the
catalyst bed at
or above the
temperature
limit.
b. ensure that the collecting the
average temperature data
temperature according to Sec.
difference across 63.4374(c),
the catalyst bed reducing the data
in any 3-hour to 3-hour block
period does not averages, and
fall below the maintaining the 3-
temperature hour average
difference limit temperature
established difference at or
according to Sec. above the
63.4373(b)(2); temperature
or. difference limit.
c. develop and maintaining an up-
implement an to-date
inspection and inspection and
maintenance plan maintenance plan,
according to Sec. records of annual
63.4373(b)(4). catalyst activity
checks, records
of monthly
inspections of
the oxidizer
system, and
records of the
catalyst bed. If
a problem is
discovered during
a monthly or
annual inspection
required by Sec.
63.4373(b)(4),
you must take
corrective action
as soon as
practicable
consistent with
the
manufacturer's
recommendations.

[[Page 46084]]

3. carbon adsorber.............. a. the total i. measuring the
regeneration total
desorbing gas regeneration
(e.g., steam or desorbing gas
nitrogen) mass (e.g., steam or
flow for each nitrogen) mass
carbon bed flow for each
regeneration regeneration
cycle must not cycle according
fall below the to Sec.
total 63.4374(d); and
regeneration ii. maintaining
desorbing gas the total
mass flow limit regeneration
established desorbing gas
according to Sec. mass flow at or
63.4373(c). above the mass
flow limit.
b. the temperature i. measuring the
of the carbon temperature of
bed, after the carbon bed
completing each after completing
regeneration and each regeneration
any cooling and any cooling
cycle, must not cycle according
exceed the carbon to Sec.
bed temperature 63.4374(d); and
limit established ii. operating the
according to Sec. carbon beds such
63.4373(c). that each carbon
bed is not
returned to
service until
completing each
regeneration and
any cooling cycle
until the
recorded
temperature of
the carbon bed is
at or below the
temperature
limit.
4. condenser.................... a. the average i. collecting the
condenser outlet condenser outlet
(product side) (product side)
gas temperature gas temperature
in any 3-hour according to Sec.
period must not 63.4374(e); ii.
exceed the reducing the data
temperature limit to 3-hour block
established averages; and
according to Sec. iii. maintaining
63.4373(d). the 3-hour
average gas
temperature at
the outlet at or
below the
temperature
limit.
5. concentrators, including a. the average gas i. collecting the
zeolite wheels and rotary temperature of temperature data
carbon adsorbers. the desorption according to
concentrate 63.4374(f); ii.
stream in any 3- reducing the data
hour period must to 3-hour block
not fall below averages; and
the limit iii. maintaining
established the 3-hour
according to Sec. average
63.4373(e). temperature at or
above the
temperature
limit.
b. the average i. collecting the
pressure drop of pressure drop
the dilute stream data according to
across the 63.4374(f); and
concentrator in ii. reducing the
any 3-hour period pressure drop
must not fall data to 3-hour
below the limit block averages;
established and iii.
according to Sec. maintaining the 3-
63.4373(e). hour average
pressure drop at
or above the
pressure drop
limit.
6. emission capture system that a. the direction i. collecting the
is a PTE according to Sec. of the air flow direction of air
63.44371(a). at all times must flow, and either
be into the the facial
enclosure; and velocity of air
either. through all
natural draft
openings
according to Sec.
63.4374(g)(1) or
the pressure drop
across the
enclosure
according to Sec.
63.4374(g)(2);
and ii. reducing
the data for
facial velocity
or pressure drop
to 3-hour block
averages; and
iii. maintaining
the 3-hour
average facial
velocity of air
flow through all
natural draft
openings or the
pressure drop at
or above the
facial velocity
limit or pressure
drop limit, and
maintaining the
direction of air
flow into the
enclosure at all
times.
b. the average See item 6a of
facial velocity this table.
of air through
all natural draft
openings in the
enclosure must be
at least 200 feet
per minute; or.
c. the pressure See item 6a of
drop across the this table.
enclosure must be
at least 0.007
inch H₂O, as
established in
Method 204 of
appendix M to 40
CFR part 51.
7. emission capture system that a. the average gas i. collecting the
is not a PTE according to Sec. volumetric flow gas volumetric
63.4371(a). rate or duct flow rate or duct
static pressure static pressure
in each duct for each capture
between a capture device according
device and add-on to Sec.
control device 63.4374(g); ii.
inlet in any 3- reducing the data
hour period must to 3-hour block
not fall below averages; and
the average iii. maintaining
volumetric flow the 3-hour
rate or duct average gas
static pressure volumetric flow
limit established rate or duct
for that capture static pressure
device according for each capture
to Sec. device at or
63.4373(f). above the gas
volumetric flow
rate or duct
static pressure
limit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

You must comply with the applicable General Provisions requirements
according to the following table:

Table 3 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63.--Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart OOOO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable to subpart
Citation Subject OOOO Explanation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1(a)(1)-(14)................ General Applicability.. Yes. .......................

[[Page 46085]]

Sec. 63.1(b)(1)-(3)................. Initial Applicability Yes.................... Applicability to
Determination. subpart 0000 is also
specified in Sec.
63.4281.
Sec. 63.1(c)(1)..................... Applicability After Yes. .......................
Standard Established.
Sec. 63.1(c)(2)-(3)................. Applicability of Permit No..................... Area sources are not
Program for Area subject to subpart
Sources. 0000.
Sec. 63.1(c)(4)-(5)................. Extensions and Yes. .......................
Notifications.
Sec. 63.1(e)........................ Applicability of Permit Yes. .......................
Program Before
Relevant Standard is
Set.
Sec. 63.2........................... Definitions............ Yes.................... Additional definitions
are specified in Sec.
63.4381.
Sec. 63.3(a)-(c).................... Units and Abbreviations Yes. .......................
Sec. 63.4(a)(1)-(5)................. Prohibited Activities.. Yes. .......................
Sec. 63.4(b)-(c).................... Circumvention/ Yes. .......................
Severability.
Sec. 63.5(a)........................ Construction/ Yes. .......................
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(b)(1)-(6)................. Requirements for Yes. .......................
Existing, Newly
Constructed, and
Reconstructed Sources.
Sec. 63.5(d)........................ Application for Yes. .......................
Approval of
Construction/
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(e)........................ Approval of Yes. .......................
Construction/
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(f)........................ Approval of Yes. .......................
Construction/
Reconstruction Based
on Prior State Review.
Sec. 63.6(a)........................ Compliance with Yes. .......................
Standards and
Maintenance
Requirements--Applicab
ility.
Sec. 63.6(b)(1)-(7)................. Compliance Dates for Yes.................... Section 63.4283
New and Reconstructed specifies the
Sources. compliance dates.
Sec. 63.6(c)(1)-(5)................. Compliance Dates for Yes.................... Section 63.4283
Existing Sources. specifies the
compliance dates.
Sec. 63.6(e)(1)-(2)................. Operation and Yes. .......................
Maintenance.
Sec. 63.6(e)(3)..................... Startup, Shutdown, and Yes.................... Only sources using an
Malfunction Plan. add-on control device
to comply with the
standards must
complete startup,
shutdown, and
malfunction plans.
Sec. 63.6(f)(1)..................... Compliance Except Yes.................... Applies only to sources
During Startup, using an add-on
Shutdown, and control device to
Malfunction. comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.6(f)(2)-(3)................. Methods for Determining Yes. .......................
Compliance.
Sec. 63.6(g)(1)-(3)................. Use of an Alternative Yes. .......................
Standard.
Sec. 63.6(h)........................ Compliance With Opacity/ Yes.................... Subpart 0000 does not
Visible Emission establish opacity
Standards. standards and does not
require continuous
opacity monitoring
systems (COMS).
Sec. 63.6(i)(1)-(16)................ Extension of Compliance Yes....................
Sec. 63.6(j)........................ Presidential Compliance Yes....................
Exemption.
Sec. 63.7(a)(1)..................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies to all affected
Requirements--Applicab sources. Additional
ility. requirements for
performance testing
are specified in Secs.
63.4364, 63.4365, and
63.4366.
Sec. 63.7(a)(2)..................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Dates. performance tests for
capture system and
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standard.
Section 63.4360
specifies the schedule
for performance test
requirements that are
earlier than those
specified in Sec.
63.7(a)(2).
Sec. 63.7(a)(3)..................... Performance Tests Yes....................
Required by the
Administrator.
Sec. 63.7(b)-(e).................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Notifica performance tests for
tion, Quality capture system and
Assurance, Facilities control device
Necessary for Safe efficiency at sources
Testing, Conditions using these to comply
During Test. with the standard.
Sec. 63.7(f)........................ Performance Test Yes.................... Applies to all test
Requirements--Use of methods except those
Alternative Test used to determine
Method. capture system
efficiency.
Sec. 63.7(g)-(h).................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Data performance tests for
Analysis, capture system and add-
Recordkeeping, on control device
Reporting, Waiver of efficiency at sources
Test. using these to comply
with the standards.

[[Page 46086]]

Sec. 63.8(a)(1)-(3)................. Monitoring Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Applicab monitoring of capture
ility. system and add-on
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Additional
requirements for
monitoring are
specified in Sec.
63.4368.
Sec. 63.8(a)(4)..................... Additional Monitoring No..................... Subpart OOOO does not
Requirements. have monitoring
requirements for
flares.
Sec. 63.8(b)........................ Conduct of Monitoring.. Yes....................
Sec. 63.8(c)(1)-(3)................. Continuous Monitoring Yes.................... Applies only to
Systems (CMS) monitoring of capture
Operation and system and add-on
Maintenance. control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Additional
requirements for CMS
operations and
maintenance are
specified in Sec.
63.4368.
Sec. 63.8(c)(4)..................... CMS.................... No..................... Section 63.4368
specifies the
requirements for the
operation of CMS for
capture systems and
add-on control devices
at sources using these
to comply.
Sec. 63.8(c)(5)..................... COMS................... No..................... Subpart OOOO does not
have opacity or
visible emission
standards.
Sec. 63.8(c)(6)..................... CMS Requirements....... No..................... Section 63.4368
specifies the
requirements for
monitoring systems for
capture systems and
add-on control devices
at sources using these
to comply.
Sec. 63.8(c)(7)-(8)................. CMS Out of Control Yes....................
Periods and Reporting.
Sec. 63.8(d)-(e).................... Quality Control Program No..................... Subpart OOOO does not
and CMS Performance require the use of
Evaluation. continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.8(f)(1)-(5)................. Use of an Alternative Yes....................
Monitoring Method.
Sec. 63.8(f)(6)..................... Alternative to Relative No..................... Subpart OOOO does not
Accuracy Test. require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.8(g)(1)-(5)................. Data Reduction......... No..................... Sections 63.4363 and
63.4368 specify
monitoring data
reduction.
Sec. 63.9(a)-(d).................... Notification Yes....................
Requirements.
Sec. 63.9(e)........................ Notification of Yes.................... Applies only to capture
Performance Test. system and add-on
control device
performance tests at
sources using these to
comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.9(f)........................ Notification of Visible No..................... Subpart OOOO does not
Emissions/Opacity Test. have opacity or
visible emission
standards.
Sec. 63.9(g)(1)-(3)................. Additional No..................... Subpart OOOO does not
Notifications When require the use of
Using CMS. continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.9(h)........................ Notification of Yes.................... Section 63.4310
Compliance Status. specifies the dates
for submitting the
notification of
compliance status.
Sec. 63.9(i)........................ Adjustment of Submittal Yes....................
Deadlines.
Sec. 63.9(j)........................ Change in Previous Yes....................
Information.
Sec. 63.10(a)....................... Recordkeeping/ Yes....................
Reporting--Applicabili
ty and General
Information.
Sec. 63.10(b)(1).................... General Recordkeeping Yes.................... Additional requirements
Requirements. are specified in Secs.
63.4330 and 63.4331.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(i)-(v)............. Recordkeeping Relevant Yes.................... Requirements for
to Startup, Shutdown, Startup, Shutdown, and
and Malfunction Malfunction records
Periods and CMS. only apply to add-on
control devices used
to comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(vi)-(xi)........... ....................... Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xii)............... Records................ Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiii).............. ....................... No..................... Subpart 0000 does not
require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiv)............... ....................... Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(b)(3).................... Recordkeeping Yes....................
Requirements for
Applicability
Determinations.

[[Page 46087]]

Sec. 63.10(c)(1)-(6)................ Additional Yes....................
Recordkeeping
Requirements for
Sources with CMS.
Sec. 63.10(c)(7)-(8)................ ....................... No..................... The same records are
required in Sec.
63.4320(a)(4).
Sec. 63.10(c)(9)-(15)............... ....................... Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(d)(1).................... General Reporting Yes.................... Additional requirements
Requirements. are specified in Sec.
63.4320
Sec. 63.10(d)(2).................... Report of Performance Yes.................... Additional requirements
Test Results. are specified in Sec.
63.4320(h).
Sec. 63.10(d)(3).................... Reporting Opacity or No..................... Subpart 0000 does not
Visible Emissions require opacity or
Observations. visible emissions
observations.
Sec. 63.10(d)(4).................... Progress Reports for Yes....................
Sources With
Compliance Extensions.
Sec. 63.10(d)(5).................... Startup, Startup, Yes.................... Applies only to add-on
Shutdown, and control devices at
Malfunction Reports. sources using these to
comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.10(e)(1)-(2)................ Additional CMS Reports. No..................... Subpart OOOO does not
require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.10(e)(3).................... Excess Emissions/CMS No..................... Section 63.4320(g)
Performance Reports. specifies the contents
of periodic compliance
reports.
Sec. 63.10(e)(4).................... COMS Data Reports...... No..................... Subpart OOOO does not
specify requirements
for opacity or COMS.
Sec. 63.10(f)....................... Recordkeeping/Reporting Yes....................
Waiver.
Sec. 63.11.......................... Control Device No..................... Subpart OOOO does not
Requirements/Flares. specify use of flares
for compliance.
Sec. 63.12.......................... State Authority and Yes....................
Delegations.
Sec. 63.13.......................... Addresses.............. Yes....................
Sec. 63.14.......................... Incorporation by Yes....................
Reference.
Sec. 63.15.......................... Availability of Yes....................
Information/
Confidentiality.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data.

Table 4 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction
for Solvents and Solvent Blends
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average
Organic Typical Organic
Solvent/Solvent blend CAS. No. HAP Mass HAP, Percent
Fraction Mass
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Toluene................... 108-88-3 1.0 Toluene.
2. Xylene(s)................. 1330-20-7 1.0 Xylenes,
ethylbenzene.
3. Hexane.................... 110-54-3 0.5 n-hexane.
4. n-Hexane.................. 110-54-3 1.0 n-hexane.
5. Ethylbenzene.............. 100-41-4 1.0 Ethylbenzene.
6. Aliphatic 140............. ........... 0 None.
7. Aromatic 100.............. ........... 0.02 1% xylene, 1%
cumene.
8. Aromatic 150.............. ........... 0.09 Naphthalene.
9. Aromatic naptha........... 64742-95-6 0.02 1% xylene, 1%
cumene.
10. Aromatic solvent......... 64742-94-5 0.1 Naphthalene.
11. Exempt mineral spirits... 8032-32-4 0 None.
12. Ligroines (VM & P)....... 8032-32-4 0 None.
13. Lactol spirits........... 64742-89-6 0.15 Toluene.
14. Low aromatic white spirit 64742-82-1 0 None.
15. Mineral spirits.......... 64742-88-7 0.01 Xylenes.
16. Hydrotreated naphtha..... 64742-48-9 0 None.
17. Hydrotreated light 64742-47-8 0.001 Toluene.
distillate.
18. Stoddard solvent......... 8052-41-3 0.01 Xylenes.
19. Super high-flash naphtha. 64742-95-6 0.05 Xylenes.
20. Varsol......... 8052-49-3 0.01 0.5% xylenes,
solvent 0.5%
ethylbenzene.
21. VM & P naphtha........... 64742-89-8 0.06 3% toluene, 3%
xylene.
22. Petroleum distillate 68477-31-6 0.08 4% naphthalene,
mixture. 4% biphenyl.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 46088]]

You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data:

Table 5 to Subpart OOOO of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction
for Petroleum Solvent Groups a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average
Organic Typical Organic HAP,
Solvent Type HAP Mass Percent by Mass
Fraction
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aliphatic b......................... 0.03 1% Xylene, 1% Toluene,
and 1% Ethylbenzene.
Aromatic c.......................... 0.06 4% Xylene, 1% Toluene,
and 1% Ethylbenzene.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Use this table only if the solvent blend does not match any of the
solvent blends in Table 4 to this subpart and you only know whether
the blend is aliphatic or aromatic.
b Mineral Spirits 135, Mineral Spirits 150 EC, Naphtha, Mixed
Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic Naphtha, Naphthol
Spirits, Petroleum Spirits, Petroleum Oil, Petroleum Naphtha, Solvent
Naphtha, Solvent Blend.
c Medium-flash Naphtha, High-flash Naphtha, Aromatic Naphtha, Light
Aromatic Naphtha, Light Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
Light Aromatic Solvent.

[FR Doc. 02-16030 Filed 7-10-02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

Notices For
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles

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