National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Metal Cans

Note: EPA no longer updates this information, but it may be useful as a reference or resource.

[Federal Register: January 15, 2003 (Volume 68, Number 10)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 2109-2164]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr15ja03-22]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 63
[FRL-7418-3]
RIN 2060-AG96

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface
Coating of Metal Cans

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The EPA is proposing national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants (NESHAP) for metal can surface coating operations
pursuant to section 112(d) of the Clean Air Act (CAA). The EPA
estimates that there are approximately 142 major source facilities in
the metal can surface coating source category that emit hazardous air
pollutants (HAP), such as xylene, hexane, methyl isobutyl ketone
(MIBK), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) and other glycol ethers,
isophorone, ethyl benzene, formaldehyde, napthalene, methyl ethyl
ketone (MEK), cumene, and toluene. As proposed, the standards are
estimated to reduce HAP emissions by 6,160 megagrams per year (Mg/yr)
(6,800 tons per year (tpy)) or by 71 percent. The reduction in HAP
emissions would be achieved by requiring all major sources of HAP
emissions that have metal can surface coating operations to meet the
HAP emission standards reflecting the application of the maximum
achievable control technology (MACT).

DATES: Comments. Submit comments on or before February 14, 2003.
Public Hearing. If anyone contacts the EPA requesting to speak at a
public hearing, they should do so by January 27, 2003. If requested, a
public hearing will be held approximately 15 days following publication
of this notice in the Federal Register.

ADDRESSES: Comments. By U.S. Postal Service, send comments (in
duplicate if possible) to: Office of Air & Radiation Docket &
Information Center (6102T), Attention Docket Number A-98-41, U.S. EPA,
1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room B108, Washington, DC 20460. In
person or by courier, deliver comments (in duplicate if possible) to:
Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, Attention Docket
Number A-98-41, U.S. EPA, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room B108,
Washington, DC 20460. The EPA requests a separate copy also be sent to
the contact person listed in FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at the
new EPA facility complex in Research Triangle Park, NC. You should
contact Ms. Janet Eck, Coatings and Consumer Product Group, Emission
Standards Division (C539-03), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC
27711, telephone number (919) 541-7946, to request to speak at the
public hearing or to find out if a hearing will be held.
Docket. Docket No. A-98-41 contains supporting information used in
developing the proposed standards. The docket is located at the
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air & Radiation Docket &
Information Center (6102T), 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room B108,
Washington, DC 20460, and may be inspected from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Paul Alm[oacute]dovar, Coatings
and Consumer Products Group, Emissions Standards Division (C539-03),
U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone number (919) 541-
0283; facsimile number (919) 541-5689; electronic mail (e-mail)
address: almodovar.paul@.epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Comments. Comments and data may be submitted
by e-mail to: a-and-r-docket@epa.gov. Electronic comments must be
submitted as an ASCII file to avoid the use of special characters and
encryption problems and will also be accepted on disks in
WordPerfect[reg]
file format. All comments and data submitted in
electronic form must note the docket number: A-98-41. No confidential
business information (CBI) should be submitted by e-mail. Electronic
comments may be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries.
Commenters wishing to submit proprietary information for
consideration must clearly distinguish such information from other
comments and clearly label it as CBI. Send submissions containing such
proprietary information directly to the following address, and not to
the public docket, to ensure that proprietary information is not
inadvertently placed in the docket: Mr. Paul Alm[oacute]dovar, c/o
OAQPS Document Control Officer (C404-02), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27711. The EPA will disclose information identified as CBI
only to the extent allowed by the procedures set forth in 40 CFR part
2. If no claim of confidentiality accompanies a submission when it is
received by EPA, the information may be made available to the public
without further notice to the commenter.
Public Hearing. Persons interested in presenting oral testimony or
inquiring as to whether a hearing is to be held should contact Ms.
Janet Eck, Coatings and Consumer Products Group, Emission Standards
Division (C539-03), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
telephone number (919) 541-7946 at least 2 days in advance of the
public hearing.
Persons interested in attending the public hearing should also
contact Ms. Eck at least 2 days in advance of the public hearing to
verify the time, date, and location of the hearing. The public hearing
will provide interested parties the opportunity to present data, views,
or arguments concerning these proposed emission standards.
Docket. The docket is an organized and complete file of all the
information considered by EPA in the development of the proposed rule.
The docket is a dynamic file because material is added throughout the
rulemaking process. The docketing system is intended to allow members
of the public and industries involved to readily identify and locate
documents so that they can effectively participate in the rulemaking
process. Along with the proposed and promulgated standards and their
preambles, the contents of the docket will serve as the record in the
case of judicial review. (See section 307(d)(7)(A) of the CAA.) The
regulatory text and other materials related to the rulemaking are
available for review in the docket or copies may be mailed on request
from the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center by calling
(202) 260-7548. A reasonable fee may be charged for copying docket
materials.
World Wide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket,
an electronic copy of the proposed rule will also be available on the
WWW through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following signature
by the Administrator, a copy of the proposed rule will be posted on the
TTN's policy and guidance page for newly proposed or promulgated rules
at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg. The TTN provides information and
technology exchange in various areas of air pollution control. If more
information regarding the TTN is needed, call the TTN HELP line at
(919) 541-5384.
Regulated Entities. The proposed source category definition
includes facilities that apply surface coatings to metal cans and ends
(including decorative tins) or metal crowns and closures. In general,
facilities that apply surface coatings to metal cans are

[[Page 2111]]

covered under the North American Industrial Classification System
(NAICS) codes listed in Table 1. However, facilities classified under
other NAICS codes may be subject to the proposed rule if they meet the
applicability criteria.
The table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding subcategories and entities likely to be
regulated by today's action. To determine whether your coating
operation is regulated by this action, you should examine the
applicability criteria in 40 CFR 63.3481 of the proposed rule. If you
have any questions regarding the applicability of today's action to a
particular entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.

Table 1.--Subcategories and Entities Potentially Regulated by the
Proposed Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Examples of Potentially
Subcategory NAICS Regulated Entities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
One- and two-piece draw and iron 332431 Two-piece beverage can
(D&I) can body coatings. facility
Sheetcoatings..................... 332431 Three-piece food can
332115 facility, two-piece D&I
332116 facility, one-piece
332812 aerosol can facility,
332999 etc.
Three-piece can assembly coatings. 332431 Can assembly facility
End lining coatings............... 332431 End manufacturing
332812 facilities
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Background Information Document and Economic Impact Analysis. The
Background Information Document (BID) and the Economic Impact Analysis
(EIA) for the proposed rule may be obtained from the TTN WWW; the
metal can manufacturing (surface coating) docket (A-98-41); the EPA
Library (267-01), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, telephone (919)
541-2777; or the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161, telephone (703) 487-4650. Please
refer to ``Background Information Document--National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for the Metal Can Manufacturing
(Surface Coating) Industry'' (EPA-453/R-02-008) and the ``Economic
Impact Analysis of Metal Can MACT Standards'' (EPA-452/R-02-005).
Outline. The information presented in this preamble is organized as
follows:

I. Background
A. What is the source of authority for development of NESHAP?
B. What criteria are used in the development of NESHAP?
C. What impacts do cure HAP have on the NESHAP?
D. What are the health effects associated with HAP emissions
from metal can surface coating operations?
II. Summary of the Proposed Rule
A. What source categories and subcategories are affected by the
proposed rule?
B. What is the relationship to other rules?
C. What are the primary sources of emissions and what are the
regulated pollutants?
D. What is the affected source?
E. What are the emission limits, operating limits, and work
practice standards?
F. When must I comply with the proposed rule?
G. What are the testing and initial compliance requirements?
H. What are the continuous compliance requirements?
I. What are the notification, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements?
III. Rationale for Selecting Proposed Standards
A. How did we select the source category and subcategories?
B. How did we select the regulated pollutants?
C. How did we select the affected source?
D. How did we determine the basis and level of the proposed
standards for new or reconstructed affected sources and existing
affected sources?
E. How did we select the format of the standards?
F. How did we select the testing and initial compliance
requirements?
G. How did we select the continuous compliance requirements?
H. How did we select the test methods for determining compliance
with the emission limits using add-on control devices?
I. How did we select notification, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements?
IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
A. What are the air impacts?
B. What are the cost impacts?
C. What are the economic impacts?
D. What are the non-air health, environmental, and energy
impacts?
V. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review
B. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
C. Executive Order 13132, Federalism
D. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with
Indian Tribal Governments
E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations that
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5
U.S.C. 601, et seq.
H. Paperwork Reduction Act
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

I. Background

A. What Is the Source of Authority for Development of NESHAP?

Section 112 of the CAA requires us to list categories and
subcategories of major sources and area sources of HAP and to establish
NESHAP for the listed source categories and subcategories. The metal
can surface coating source category was listed on July 16, 1992 (57 FR
31576) under the Surface Coating Processes industry group. Major
sources of HAP are those that emit or have the potential to emit equal
to or greater than 9.1 Mg/yr (10 tpy) of any one HAP or 22.7 Mg/yr (25
tpy) of any combination of HAP.

B. What Criteria Are Used in the Development of NESHAP?

Section 112 of the CAA requires that we establish NESHAP for the
control of HAP emissions from both new or reconstructed and existing
major sources. The CAA requires the NESHAP to reflect the maximum
degree of reduction in emissions of HAP that is achievable. That level
of control is commonly referred to as the MACT.
The MACT floor is the minimum control level allowed for NESHAP and
is defined under section 112(d)(3) of the CAA. In essence, the MACT
floor ensures that the standard is set at a level that assures that all
major sources achieve the level of control at least as stringent as
that already achieved by the

[[Page 2112]]

better-controlled and lower-emitting sources in each source category or
subcategory. For new or reconstructed sources, the MACT floor cannot be
less stringent than the emission control that is achieved in practice
by the best-controlled similar source. The MACT standards for existing
sources can be less stringent than standards for new or reconstructed
sources, but they cannot be less stringent than the average emission
limit achieved by the best-performing 12 percent of existing sources in
the category or subcategory (or the best-performing five sources for
categories or subcategories with fewer than 30 sources).
In developing MACT, we also consider control options that are more
stringent than the floor. We may establish standards more stringent
than the floor based on the consideration of the cost of achieving the
emissions reductions, any non-air quality health and environmental
impacts, and energy requirements.

C. What Impacts Do Cure HAP Have on the NESHAP?

Chemical reactions occurring during many metal can surface coating
and curing operations may create compounds that are then emitted into
the atmosphere. Those types of compounds are normally referred to as
``cure volatiles'' or ``cure HAP'' and may include formaldehyde and
methanol (listed as HAP under section 112(b) of the CAA). In
determining the MACT, we did not quantify emissions of cure HAP because
there is not an EPA-approved test method for measuring those compounds.
Therefore, the proposed rule would not require affected sources to
account for and control emissions of cure HAP.

D. What Are the Health Effects Associated With HAP Emissions From Metal
Can Surface Coating Operations?

The primary HAP emitted from metal can surface coating operations
include EGBE and other glycol ethers, xylenes, hexane, MEK, and MIBK.
Those compounds account for 95 percent of the nationwide HAP emissions
from that source category. Other HAP emitted include isophorone, ethyl
benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, formaldehyde, and napthalene. The
HAP that would be controlled with the proposed rule are associated with
a variety of adverse health effects. Those adverse health effects
include chronic health disorders (e.g., irritation of the lungs, eyes,
and mucus membranes and effects on the central nervous system), acute
health disorders (e.g., lung irritation and congestion, alimentary
effects such as nausea and vomiting, and effects on the central nervous
system), and possibly cancer.
We do not have the type of current detailed data on each of the
facilities covered by the proposed emission standards for that category
and on the people living around the facilities that would be necessary
to conduct an analysis to determine the actual population exposures to
the HAP emitted from those facilities and potential for resultant
health effects. Therefore, we do not know the extent to which the
adverse health effects described above occur in the populations
surrounding those facilities. However, to the extent that adverse
effects do occur, the proposed rule would reduce emissions and
subsequent exposures.

II. Summary of the Proposed Rule

A. What Source Categories and Subcategories Are Affected by the
Proposed Rule?

The proposed rule would apply to you if you own or operate a metal
can surface coating operation that uses at least 5,700 liters (1,500
gallons (gal)) of coatings per year and is a major source, is located
at a major source, or is part of a major source of HAP emissions,
whether or not you manufacture the metal can substrate. The surface
coating operations themselves are not required to be major sources of
HAP emissions in order for the surface coating operations at a major
source facility to be covered by the proposed rule. As long as some
part of the total facility is considered a major source (e.g., the
metal can substrate manufacturing process), the surface coating
operations would be subject to the standards.
A metal can surface coating facility is any facility that coats or
prints metal cans or ends (including decorative tins) or metal crowns
or closures for any type of can during any stage of the can
manufacturing process. It includes the coating/printing of metal sheets
for subsequent processing into cans or can parts, but not the coating
of metal coils for cans or can parts. (Coil coating for cans and can
parts is included in the metal coil surface coating source category.)
Note that the coating/printing of pails and drums falls in the
miscellaneous metal parts and products surface coating source category.
As explained later, we have established four subcategories in the metal
can surface coating industry, including: (1) One- and two-piece D&I can
body coating, (2) sheetcoating, (3) three-piece can body assembly
coating, and (4) end lining. Some metal can surface coating facilities
include coating operations in more than one subcategory. In those
cases, the facilities would be subject to more than one emission limit.
You would not be subject to the proposed rule if your coating
operation is located at an area source. An area source of HAP is any
facility that has the potential to emit HAP but is not a major source.
You may establish area source status by limiting the source's potential
to emit HAP through appropriate mechanisms available through the
permitting authority.

B. What Is the Relationship to Other Rules?

Affected sources subject to the proposed rule may also be subject
to other rules. We specifically request comments on how monitoring,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements can be consolidated for
sources that are subject to more than one rule.
National Emission Standards for Metal Coil Surface Coating.
Facilities engaged in surface coating performed on a continuous metal
substrate greater than 0.006 inches thick would be subject to the metal
coil surface coating NESHAP (67 FR 39794, June 10, 2002).
National Emission Standards for Miscellaneous Metal Parts and
Products Surface Coating. Surface coating of any metal parts and
products not covered in any other surface coating source category, such
as metal can surface coating or metal coil surface coating, would be
subject to the future miscellaneous metal parts and products surface
coating NESHAP, as proposed August 13, 2002 (67 FR 52780).

C. What Are the Primary Sources of Emissions and What Are the Regulated
Pollutants?

HAP Emission Sources. The primary HAP emission sources in metal can
surface coating operations are coating application lines, drying/curing
ovens, mixing and/or thinning areas, and cleaning equipment. Coating
application lines and drying/curing ovens are the largest sources of
HAP emissions. Recent reformulation efforts involving the primary
coatings used in metal can surface coating operations are likely to
continue as a result of the proposed rule and will serve to reduce HAP
emissions from these sources. Mixing and/or thinning areas and cleaning
equipment are smaller HAP emission sources and work practice standards
would be used to limit the HAP emissions from these sources.
Organic HAP. Available emission data collected during the
development of the proposed NESHAP show that the

[[Page 2113]]

primary organic HAP (including cure HAP) emitted from metal can surface
coating operations include EGBE and other glycol ethers, xylenes,
hexane, MEK, and MIBK. Other significant organic HAP identified include
isophorone, ethyl benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, napthalene, and
formaldehyde. Organic HAP emissions would be regulated by the proposed
metal can surface coating rule.
Inorganic HAP. Based on information reported during the development
of the proposed NESHAP, inorganic HAP, including chromium and manganese
compounds, are contained in some of the coatings used by that source
category and may be emitted if they are spray-applied. Inorganic HAP
emissions would not be regulated by the proposed metal can surface
coating rule. (See section III.B of this preamble for further
discussion of inorganic HAP emissions from surface coating operations.)

D. What Is the Affected Source?

We define an affected source as a stationary source, group of
stationary sources, or part of a stationary source to which a specific
emission standard applies. The proposed standards for metal can surface
coating define the affected source for each subcategory as the
collection of all operations within a facility associated with (1) one-
and two-piece D&I can body coating, (2) sheetcoating, (3) three-piece
can body assembly coating, or (4) end lining. Those operations include
the following: Preparation of a coating for application (e.g., mixing
with thinners); process equipment involving storage, transfer,
handling, and application of coatings; and associated curing, and
drying equipment.
The affected source does not include research or laboratory
equipment or janitorial, building, or facility maintenance operations.

E. What Are the Emission Limits, Operating Limits, and Work Practice
Standards?

Emission Limits. We are proposing to limit organic HAP emissions
from each new or reconstructed affected source using the emission
limits in Table 2 of this preamble. The proposed emission limits for
each existing affected source are given in Table 3 of this preamble.
You can choose from several compliance options in the proposed rule to
achieve the emission limit that applies to your affected source. You
could comply by applying materials (coatings and thinners) that meet
the emission limit, either individually or collectively. You could also
use a capture system and add-on control equipment to meet the emission
limit. You could also comply by using a combination of both approaches.
If you use a capture system and add-on control equipment, there are
alternative control efficiency or outlet concentration limits that you
may use to simplify and reduce your recordkeeping and reporting
requirements. The alternative emission limits for affected sources
using the control efficiency/outlet concentration compliance option are
provided in Table 4 of this preamble.

Table 2.--Emission Limits for New or Reconstructed Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
then, you must meet the
If you apply surface coatings following organic HAP
to metal cans or metal can for all coatings emission limit in
parts in this subcategory . . of this type . . kilograms HAP/liter
. . solids (pound HAP/gal
solids) \1\:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. One- and two-piece D&I can a. two-piece 0.04 (0.31)
body coating. beverage cans-- 0.06 (0.50)
all coatings. 0.08 (0.65)
b. two-piece
food cans--all
coatings.
c. one-piece
aerosol cans--
all coatings.
2. Sheetcoating.............. sheetcoating.... 0.02 (0.17)
3. Three-piece can assembly.. a. inside spray. 0.12 (1.03)
b. aseptic side 1.48 (12.37)
seam stripes on 0.72 (5.96)
food cans. 1.18 (9.84)
c. non-aseptic 1.46 (12.14)
side seam
stripes on food
cans.
d. side seam
stripes on
general line
non-food cans.
e. side seam
stripes on
aerosol cans.
4. End lining................ a. aseptic end 0.06 (0.54)
seal compounds. 0.00 (0.00)
b. non-aseptic
end seal
compounds.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ If you apply surface coatings of more than one type within any one
subcategory, you may calculate an overall subcategory emission limit
(OSEL) according to 40 CFR 63.3551(i).

Table 3.--Emission Limits for Existing Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
then, you must meet the
If you apply surface coatings following organic HAP
to metal cans or metal can for all coatings emission limit in
parts in this subcategory . . of this type . . kilogram HAP/liter
. . solids (pound HAP/gal
solids) \1\:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. One- and two- piece D&I a. two-piece 0.07 (0.59)
can body coating. beverage cans-- 0.06 (0.51)
all coatings. .......................
b. two-piece 0.12 (0.99)
food cans--all
coatings.
c. one-piece
aerosol cans--
all coatings.
2. Sheetcoating.............. sheetcoating.... 0.03 (0.26)
3. Three-piece can assembly.. a. inside spray. 0.29 (2.43)
b. aseptic side 1.94 (16.16)
seam stripes on 0.79 (6.57)
food cans. 1.18 (9.84)
c. non-aseptic 1.46 (12.14)
side seam
stripes on food
cans.
d. side seam
stripes on
general line
non-food cans.
e. side seam
stripes on
aerosol cans.

[[Page 2114]]

4. End lining................ a. aseptic end 0.06 (0.54)
seal compounds. 0.00 (0.00)
b. non-aseptic
end seal
compounds.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ If you apply surface coatings of more than one type within any one
subcategory you may calculate an OSEL according to 40 CFR 63.3551(i).

Table 4.--Emission Limits for Affected Sources Using the Control
Efficiency/Outlet Concentration Compliance Option
------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you use the control efficiency/
outlet concentration option to comply Then you must comply with one
with the emission limitations for any of the following by using an
coating operation(s) emissions control system to
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. In a new or reconstructed affected a. reduce emissions of total
source. HAP, measured as total
hydrocarbons (THC) (as
carbon),\1\ by 97 percent; or
b. limit emissions of total
HAP, measured as THC (as
carbon) \1\ to 20 parts per
million by volume, dry (ppmvd)
at the control device outlet
and use a permanent total
enclosure.
2. In an existing affected source...... a. reduce emissions of total
HAP, measured as THC (as
carbon),\1\ by 95 percent; or
b. limit emissions of total
HAP, measured as THC (as
carbon),\1\ to 20 ppmvd at the
control device outlet and use
a PTE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ You may choose to subtract methane from THC as carbon measurements.

Operating Limits. If you reduce emissions by using a capture system
and add-on control device (other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance), the proposed
operating limits would apply to you. Those limits are site-specific
parameter limits you determine during the initial performance test of
the system. For capture systems that are not permanent total enclosures
(PTE), you would establish average volumetric flow rates or duct static
pressure limits for each capture device (or enclosure) in each capture
system. For capture systems that are PTE, you would establish limits on
average facial velocity or pressure drop across openings in the
enclosure.
For thermal oxidizers, you would monitor the combustion
temperature. For catalytic oxidizers, you would monitor the temperature
immediately before and after the catalyst bed or you would monitor the
temperature before the catalyst bed and implement a site-specific
inspection and maintenance plan for the catalytic oxidizer. For carbon
adsorbers for which you do not conduct a liquid-liquid material
balance, you would monitor the carbon bed temperature and the amount of
steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed. For condensers, you would
monitor the outlet gas temperature from the condenser. For
concentrators, you would monitor the temperature of the desorption
concentrate stream and the pressure drop of the dilute stream across
the concentrator.
All site-specific parameter limits that you establish must reflect
operation of the capture system and control devices during a
performance test that demonstrates achievement of the emission limits
during representative operating conditions.
Work Practice Standards. In lieu of emission standards, section
112(h) of the CAA allows work practice standards or other requirements
to be established when a pollutant cannot be emitted through a
conveyance or capture system, or when measurement is not practicable
because of technological and economic limitations. Many metal can
surface coating facilities use work practice measures to reduce HAP
emissions from mixing, cleaning, storage, and waste handling areas as
part of their standard operating procedures. They use those measures to
decrease solvent usage and minimize exposure to workers. However, we do
not have data to accurately quantify the emissions reductions
achievable by the work practice measures, and it is not feasible to
measure emissions or enforce a numerical standard for emissions from
those operations.
Based on information received from that industry during the
development of NESHAP and information available from several similar
coating industries for which NESHAP have already been promulgated
(aerospace manufacturing and rework, magnetic tape manufacturing,
shipbuilding and ship repair, and wood furniture manufacturing), we
identified a variety of work practice measures for cleaning, storage,
mixing, and waste handling. If you reduce emissions by using a capture
system and add-on control device, you would be required to develop and
implement a work practice plan that would specify practices and
procedures to ensure that, at a minimum, the elements specified below
are implemented: (1) Storing all organic-HAP-containing liquids and
waste materials in closed containers, (2) minimizing spills of all
organic-HAP-containing materials, (3) using closed containers or pipes
to transport all organic-HAP-containing materials, (4) keeping mixing
vessels for organic-HAP-containing materials closed except when adding
to, removing, or mixing the contents, and (5) minimizing organic HAP
emissions during all cleaning operations.
If your affected source has an existing documented plan that
incorporates steps taken to minimize emissions from the aforementioned
sources, then your existing plan could be used to satisfy the
requirement for a work practice plan.
Operations During Startup, Shutdown, or Malfunction. If you use a
capture system and add-on control device for compliance, you would be
required to develop and operate according to a startup, shutdown, and
malfunction plan (SSMP) during

[[Page 2115]]

periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and
add-on control device.
General Provisions. The General Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart
A) also would apply to you as indicated in the proposed standards. The
General Provisions codify certain procedures and criteria for all 40
CFR part 63 NESHAP. The General Provisions contain administrative
procedures, preconstruction review procedures for new sources, and
procedures for conducting compliance-related activities such as
notifications, recordkeeping and reporting, performance testing, and
monitoring. The proposed standards refer to individual sections of the
General Provisions to emphasize key sections that are relevant.
However, unless specifically overridden in the proposed standards, all
of the applicable General Provisions requirements would apply to you.

F. When Must I Comply With the Proposed Rule?

Existing affected sources must comply within 3 years of [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register]. New or
reconstructed affected sources must comply immediately upon initial
startup or on [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE Federal
Register], whichever is later. A metal can surface coating affected
source is existing if its construction or reconstruction of the
facility commenced on or before January 15, 2003. An affected source is
new if construction commenced after January 15, 2003. A metal can
surface coating affected source is reconstructed if it meets the
definition of reconstruction in 40 CFR 63.2 and reconstruction is
commenced after January 15, 2003. The effective date is [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register].

G. What Are the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?

Initial Compliance. Compliance with the emission limits is based on
a 12-month rolling average. Therefore, for new or reconstructed
affected sources using the compliant materials option or the emission
rate without add-on controls option, the proposed initial compliance
period begins on the first day of the first month following initial
startup of the affected source or the effective date, whichever is
later, and ends on the last day of the 12th month following initial
startup or the effective date, whichever is later. For new or
reconstructed affected sources that use a capture system and control
device, the initial compliance period begins on the first day of the
first month following the initial performance test and ends on the last
day of the 12th month following the initial performance test. For all
new or reconstructed affected sources, any partial month data between
initial startup or initial performance test and initial compliance
period must be added to the first month data. For existing affected
sources, the proposed initial compliance period begins on the first day
of the month in which the compliance date falls and ends on the last
day of the 12th month following the compliance date.
Being in compliance means that the owner or operator of the
affected source meets the requirements to achieve the proposed emission
limitations by the end of the initial compliance period. At the end of
the initial compliance period, the owner or operator would use the data
and records generated to determine whether or not the affected source
is in compliance with the 12-month rolling average for that period. If
the affected source does not meet the applicable limits and other
requirements, it is out of compliance for the entire initial compliance
period. We welcome specific comments on the compliance dates and the
data collection activities required for the initial compliance period.
Emission Limits. There are several proposed options for complying
with the proposed emission limits, and the testing and initial
compliance requirements vary accordingly.
Option 1: Compliance Based on the Compliant Material Option. If you
demonstrate compliance based on the compliant material option, you
would determine the mass of organic HAP in all coatings and thinners
used each month during the initial compliance period and the volume
fraction of coating solids in all coatings used each month during the
initial compliance period. To determine the mass of organic HAP in
coatings and thinners and the volume fraction of coating solids, you
could use either manufacturer's data or test results using the test
methods listed below. You may use alternative test methods provided you
get EPA approval in accordance with 40 CFR 63.7(f). However, if there
is any inconsistency between the test method results (either EPA's or
an approved alternative) and manufacturer's data, the test method
results would prevail for compliance and enforcement purposes.
? For organic HAP content, use Method 311 of 40 CFR part 63,
appendix A.
? The proposed rule allows you to use nonaqueous volatile
matter as a surrogate for organic HAP. If you choose that option, then
use Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, to determine nonaqueous
volatile matter.
? For volume fraction of coating solids, use either
information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material, ASTM
Method D2697-86(1998), or ASTM Method D6093-97.
To demonstrate initial compliance based on the compliant materials
option, you would be required to demonstrate that the organic HAP
content of each coating meets the applicable emission limits and that
you use no organic-HAP-containing thinners.
Option 2: Compliance Based on the Emission Rate Without Add-On
Controls Option. If you demonstrate compliance based on the emission
rate without add-on controls option, you would determine the mass of
organic HAP in all coatings and thinners used in each coating type
segment each month during the initial compliance period and the volume
fraction of coating solids in all coatings in each coating type segment
used each month during the initial compliance period.
To determine the mass of organic HAP in coatings and thinners and
the volume fraction of coating solids, you could use either
manufacturer's data or test results using the test methods listed
below. You may use alternative test methods provided you get EPA
approval in accordance with 40 CFR 63.7(f). However, if there is any
inconsistency between the test method results (either EPA's or an
approved alternative) and manufacturer's data, the test method results
would prevail for compliance and enforcement purposes.
? For organic HAP content, use Method 311.
? The proposed rule allows you to use nonaqueous volatile
matter as a surrogate for organic HAP. If you choose that option, use
Method 24 to determine nonaqueous volatile matter.
? For volume fraction of coating solids, use either
information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material, ASTM
Method D2697-86(1998), or ASTM Method D6093-97.
To demonstrate initial compliance based on the emission rate
without add-on controls option, you would be required to demonstrate
that the total mass of organic HAP in all coatings and thinners in each
coating type segment divided by the total volume of coating solids in
that coating type segment meets the applicable emission limit. For the
emission rate without add-on

[[Page 2116]]

controls option, you would be required to perform the following.
? Determine the quantity of each coating and thinner used in
each coating type segment.
? Determine the mass of organic HAP in each coating and
thinner in each coating type segment.
? Determine the volume fraction of coating solids for each
coating in each coating type segment.
? Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all materials in
each coating type segment and total volume of coating solids in each
coating type segment for each month of the initial compliance period.
You may subtract from the total mass of organic HAP the amount
contained in waste materials you send to a hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facility regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264,
265, or 266.
? Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic HAP for
the materials used in each coating type segment to the total volume of
coating solids used in the segment.
? Record the calculations and results and include them in
your Notification of Compliance Status.
Alternatively, if you apply coatings in more than one coating type
segment within a subcategory, you may calculate an overall HAP emission
limit for the subcategory and demonstrate compliance by including all
coatings and thinners in all coating type segments in the subcategory
in calculating the ratio of total mass of organic HAP to total volume
of coating solids. If you use that approach, you must use the
subcategory limit throughout the 12-month initial compliance period and
may not switch between compliance with limits for individual coating
type segments and an overall limit. You may not include coatings in
different subcategories in determining your overall HAP limit by that
approach.
Option 3: Compliance Based on the Emission Rate With Add-On
Controls Option. If you use a capture system and add-on control device
other than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-
liquid material balance, your testing and initial compliance
requirements are as follows.
? Conduct an initial performance test to determine the
capture and control efficiencies of the equipment and to establish
operating limits to be achieved on a continuous basis.
? Determine the mass of organic HAP in each material and the
volume fraction of coating solids for each coating used each month of
the initial compliance period.
? Calculate the organic HAP emissions from the controlled
coating operations using the capture and control efficiencies
determined during the performance test and the total mass of organic
HAP in materials used in controlled coating operations.
? Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic HAP
emissions to the total volume of coating solids used each month of the
initial compliance period.
? Record the calculations and results and include them in the
Notification of Compliance Status.
If you use a capture system and add-on control device, other than a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material
balances, you would determine both the efficiency of the capture system
and the emissions reduction efficiency of the control device. To
determine the capture efficiency, you would either verify the presence
of a PTE using EPA Method 204 of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M, or use one
of the protocols in 40 CFR 63.3565 to measure capture efficiency. If
you have a PTE and all the materials are applied and dried within the
enclosure and you route all exhaust gases from the enclosure to a
control device, then you would assume 100 percent capture.
To determine the emissions reduction efficiency of the control
device, you would conduct measurements of the inlet and outlet gas
streams. The test would consist of three runs, each run lasting at
least 1 hour, using the following EPA Methods in 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A:
? Method 1 or 1A for selection of the sampling sites;
? Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the gas
volumetric flow rate;
? Method 3, 3A, or 3B for gas analysis to determine dry
molecular weight. You may also use as an alternative to Method 3B, the
manual method for measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon
monoxide content of exhaust gas in ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981;
? Method 4 to determine stack moisture; and
? Method 25 or 25A to determine organic volatile matter
concentration.
Alternatively, any other test method or data that have been
validated according to the applicable procedures in Method 301 of 40
CFR part 63, appendix A, and approved by the Administrator, could be
used.
If you use a solvent recovery system, you could determine the
overall control efficiency using a liquid-liquid material balance
instead of conducting an initial performance test. If you use the
material balance alternative, you would be required to measure the
amount of all materials used in the affected source during each month
of the initial compliance period and determine the volatile matter
contained in these materials. You would also measure the amount of
volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery system each month of
the initial compliance period. Then you would compare the amount
recovered to the amount used to determine the overall control
efficiency and apply this efficiency to the ratio of organic HAP to
coating solids for the materials used. You would record the
calculations and results and include them in your Notification of
Compliance Status.
Operating Limits. As mentioned above, you would establish operating
limits as part of the initial performance test of an emission capture
and control system. The operating limits are the values of certain
parameters measured for capture systems and control devices during the
most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance with the
emission limits. The proposed rule specifies the parameters to monitor
for the types of emission control systems commonly used in the
industry.
You would be required to install, calibrate, maintain, and
continuously operate all monitoring equipment according to the
manufacturer's specifications and ensure that the continuous parameter
monitoring systems (CPMS) meet the requirements in 40 CFR 63.3568 of
the proposed rule. If you use control devices other than those
identified in the proposed rule, you would submit the operating
parameters to be monitored to the Administrator for approval. The
authority to approve the parameters to be monitored is retained by EPA
and is not delegated to States.
If you use a thermal oxidizer, you would continuously monitor the
appropriate temperature and record it at least every 15 minutes. The
temperature monitor is placed in the firebox or in the duct immediately
downstream of the firebox before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
The operating limit would be the average temperature measured during
the performance test, and for each consecutive 3-hour period the
average temperature would have to be at or above that limit.
If you use a catalytic oxidizer you may choose from two methods to
determine operating limits. In the first method, you would continuously
monitor the temperature immediately before and after the catalyst bed
and record it at least every 15 minutes. The operating limits would be
the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed during the
performance test, and for each 3-hour period the

[[Page 2117]]

average temperature and the average temperature difference would have
to be at or above those limits. In the alternative method, you would
continuously monitor the temperature immediately before the catalyst
bed and record it at least every 15 minutes. The operating limit would
be the average temperature just before the catalyst bed during the
performance test, and for each 3-hour period the average temperature
would have to be at or above that limit. As part of the alternative
method, you must also develop and implement an inspection and
maintenance plan for your catalytic oxidizer.
If you use a carbon adsorber and do not conduct liquid-liquid
material balances to demonstrate compliance, you would monitor the
carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and the total amount of
steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed for each regeneration. The
operating limits would be the carbon bed temperature (not to be
exceeded) and the amount of steam or nitrogen used for desorption (to
be met as a minimum).
If you use a condenser, you would monitor the outlet gas
temperature to ensure that the air stream is being cooled to a low
enough temperature. The operating limit would be the average condenser
outlet gas temperature measured during the performance test, and for
each consecutive 3-hour period the average temperature would have to be
at or below this limit.
If you use a concentrator, you would monitor the desorption
concentrate stream gas temperature and the pressure drop of the dilute
stream across the concentrator. The operating limits would be the
desorption concentrate gas stream temperature (to be met as a minimum)
and the dilute stream pressure drop (not to be exceeded).
For each capture system that is not a PTE, you would establish
operating limits for gas volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure
for each enclosure or capture device. The operating limit would be the
average volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure during the
performance test to be met as a minimum. For each capture system that
is a PTE, the operating limit would require the average facial velocity
of air through all natural draft openings to be at least 200 feet per
minute or the pressure drop across the enclosure to be at least 0.007
inch water.
Work Practice Standards. If you use a capture system and control
device for compliance, you would be required to develop and implement
on an ongoing basis a work practice plan for minimizing organic HAP
emissions from storage, mixing, material handling, and waste handling
operations. That plan would include a description of all steps taken to
minimize emissions from those sources (e.g., using closed storage
containers, practices to minimize emissions during filling and transfer
of contents from containers, using spill minimization techniques,
etc.). You would have to make the plan available for inspection if the
Administrator requests to see it.
Operations During Startup, Shutdown, or Malfunction. If you use a
capture system and control device for compliance, you would be required
to develop and operate according to a SSMP during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control device.
Option 4: Compliance Based on the Control Efficiency/Outlet
Concentration Option. If you use a capture system and add-on control
device other than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct a
liquid-liquid material balance, you may meet either of the applicable
alternative limits summarized in Table 4 of this preamble instead of
the organic HAP emission rate limits summarized in Tables 2 and 3 of
this preamble. Prior to the initial performance test, you would be
required to install control device parameter monitoring equipment to be
used to demonstrate compliance with the capture and control
efficiencies (or the capture efficiency of the capture system and the
oxidizer outlet concentration) and to establish operating limits to be
achieved on a continuous basis. During the initial compliance test, you
would use the control device parameter monitoring equipment to
establish parameter values that represent your operating requirements
for the control systems. You would record the initial performance test
results and include them in the Notification of Compliance Status.
If you use a capture system and add-on control device other than a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material
balances, you would verify the efficiency of the capture system is 100
percent and determine the emissions reduction efficiency of the control
device. To verify the capture efficiency, you would either verify the
presence of a PTE using EPA Method 204 of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M,
or use one of the protocols in Sec. 63.3565 to measure capture
efficiency. If you have a PTE and all the materials are applied and
dried within the enclosure and you route all exhaust gases from the
enclosure to a control device, then you would assume 100 percent
capture.
To determine the emissions reduction efficiency of the control
device, you would conduct measurements of the inlet and outlet gas
streams. The test would consist of three runs, each run lasting at
least 1 hour, using the following EPA Methods in 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A:
? Method 1 or 1A for selection of the sampling sites;
? Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the gas
volumetric flow rate;
? Method 3, 3A, or 3B for gas analysis to determine dry
molecular weight. You may also use as an alternative to Method 3B, the
manual method for measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon
monoxide content of exhaust gas in ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981;
? Method 4 to determine stack moisture; and
? Method 25 or 25A to determine organic volatile matter
concentration.
Alternatively, any other test method or data that have been
validated according to the applicable procedures in Method 301 of 40
CFR part 63, appendix A, and approved by the Administrator, could be
used.
If you use a solvent recovery system, you could determine the
overall control efficiency using a liquid-liquid material balance
instead of conducting an initial performance test. If you use the
material balance alternative, you would be required to measure the
amount of all materials used in the affected source during each month
of the initial compliance period and determine the volatile matter
contained in these materials. You would also measure the amount of
volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery system each month of
the initial compliance period. Then you would compare the amount
recovered to the amount used to determine the overall control
efficiency, and apply this efficiency to the ratio of organic HAP to
coating solids for the materials used. You would record the
calculations and results and include them in your Notification of
Compliance Status.
Operating Limits. As mentioned above, you would establish operating
limits as part of the initial performance test of an emission capture
and control system. The operating limits are the values of certain
parameters measured for capture systems and control devices during the
most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance with the
emission limits. The proposed rule specifies the parameters to monitor
for the types of emission control systems commonly used in the
industry.

[[Page 2118]]

You would be required to install, calibrate, maintain, and
continuously operate all monitoring equipment according to the
manufacturer's specifications and ensure that the CPMS meet the
requirements in 40 CFR 63.3568 of the proposed rule. If you use control
devices other than those identified in the proposed rule, you would
submit the operating parameters to be monitored to the Administrator
for approval. The authority to approve the parameters to be monitored
is retained by EPA and is not delegated to States.
If you use a thermal oxidizer, you would continuously monitor the
appropriate temperature and record it at least every 15 minutes. The
temperature monitor is placed in the firebox or in the duct immediately
downstream of the firebox before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
The operating limit would be the average temperature measured during
the performance test, and for each consecutive 3-hour period the
average temperature would have to be at or above that limit.
If you use a catalytic oxidizer you may choose from two methods to
determine operating limits. In the first method, you would continuously
monitor the temperature immediately before and after the catalyst bed
and record it at least every 15 minutes. The operating limits would be
the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed during the
performance test, and for each 3-hour period the average temperature
and the average temperature difference would have to be at or above
these limits. In the alternative method, you would continuously monitor
the temperature immediately before the catalyst bed and record it at
least every 15 minutes. The operating limit would be the average
temperature just before the catalyst bed during the performance test,
and for each 3-hour period the average temperature would have to be at
or above this limit. As part of the alternative method, you must also
develop and implement an inspection and maintenance plan for your
catalytic oxidizer.
If you use a carbon adsorber and do not conduct liquid-liquid
material balances to demonstrate compliance, you would monitor the
carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and the total amount of
steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed for each regeneration. The
operating limits would be the carbon bed temperature (not to be
exceeded) and the amount of steam or nitrogen used for desorption (to
be met as a minimum).
If you use a condenser, you would monitor the outlet gas
temperature to ensure that the air stream is being cooled to a low
enough temperature. The operating limit would be the average condenser
outlet gas temperature measured during the performance test, and for
each consecutive 3-hour period the average temperature would have to be
at or below that limit.
If you use a concentrator, you would monitor the desorption
concentrate stream gas temperature and the pressure drop of the dilute
stream across the concentrator. The operating limits would be the
desorption concentrate gas stream temperature (to be met as a minimum)
and the dilute stream pressure drop (not to be exceeded).
For each capture system that is not a PTE, you would establish
operating limits for gas volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure
for each enclosure or capture device. The operating limit would be the
average volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure during the
performance test, to be met as a minimum. For each capture system that
is a PTE, the operating limit would require the average facial velocity
of air through all natural draft openings to be at least 200 feet per
minute or the pressure drop across the enclosure to be at least 0.007
inches water.
Work Practice Standards. If you use a capture system and control
device for compliance, you would be required to develop and implement
on an ongoing basis a work practice plan for minimizing organic HAP
emissions from storage, mixing, material handling, and waste handling
operations. That plan would include a description of all steps taken to
minimize emissions from those sources (e.g., using closed storage
containers, practices to minimize emissions during filling and transfer
of contents from containers, using spill minimization techniques,
etc.). You would have to make the plan available for inspection if the
Administrator requests to see it.
Operations During Startup, Shutdown, or Malfunction. You would be
required to develop and operate your capture system and control device
according to a SSMP during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction
of the capture system and control device.

H. What Are the Continuous Compliance Requirements?

Option 1: Compliance Based on the Compliant Material Option. If you
demonstrate compliance with the proposed emission limits based on the
compliant material option, you would demonstrate continuous compliance
if, for each 12-month compliance period, the organic HAP content of
each coating used does not exceed the applicable emission limit and you
use no thinner that contains organic HAP.
Option 2: Compliance Based on the Emission Rate Without Add-On
Controls Option. If you demonstrate compliance with the proposed
emission limits based on the emission rate without add-on controls
option, you would demonstrate continuous compliance if, for each
rolling 12-month compliance period, the ratio of organic HAP in all
coatings and thinners in each coating type segment to coating solids in
that coating type segment is less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit. You would follow the same procedures for calculating
the organic HAP to coating solids ratio that you used for the initial
compliance period. If you use an alternative calculated overall HAP
emission limit for all coating type segments within a subcategory, you
would use the same procedures that you used for the initial compliance
period. Whichever approach you use must be used consistently throughout
each 12-month compliance period.
Option 3: Compliance Based on the Emission Rate With Add-On
Controls Option. For each coating operation on which you use a capture
system and control device, other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you would use the
continuous parameter monitoring results for the month in determining
the mass of organic HAP emissions. If the monitoring results indicate
no deviations from the operating limits and there were no bypasses of
the control device, you would assume the capture system and control
device are achieving the same percent emissions reduction efficiency as
they did during the most recent performance test in which compliance
was demonstrated. You would then apply that percent reduction to the
total mass of organic HAP in materials used in controlled coating
operations to determine the monthly emission rate from those
operations. If there were any deviations from the operating limits
during the month or any bypasses of the control device, you would
account for them in the calculation of the monthly emission rate by
assuming the capture system and control device were achieving zero
emissions reduction during the periods of deviation. Then, you would
determine the annual average emission rate by calculating the ratio for
the most recent 12-month period.
For each coating operation on which you use a solvent recovery
system and conduct a liquid-liquid material balance each month, you
would use the liquid-

[[Page 2119]]

liquid material balance to determine control efficiency. To determine
the overall control efficiency, you must measure the amount of all
materials used during each month and determine the volatile matter
content of these materials. You must also measure the amount of
volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery system during the
month, calculate the overall control efficiency, and apply it to the
total mass of organic HAP in the materials used to determine total
organic HAP emissions. Then, you would determine the annual average
emission rate by taking the average of the monthly ratios for the most
recent 12-month period.
Operating Limits. If you use a capture system and control device,
the proposed rule would require you to achieve on a continuous basis
the operating limits you establish during the performance test. If the
continuous monitoring shows that the capture system and control device
is operating outside the range of values established during the
performance test, you have deviated from the established operating
limits.
If you operate a capture system and control device that allow
emissions to bypass the control device, you would have to demonstrate
that organic HAP emissions from each emission point within the affected
source are being routed to the control device by monitoring for
potential bypass of the control device. You may choose from the
following four monitoring procedures:
? Flow control position indicator to provide a record of
whether the exhaust stream is directed to the control device;
? Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures to secure the
bypass line valve in the closed position when the control device is
operating;
? Valve closure continuous monitoring to ensure any bypass
line valve or damper is closed when the control device is operating; or
? Automatic shutdown system to stop the coating operation
when flow is diverted from the control device.
If the bypass monitoring procedures indicate that emissions are not
routed to the control device, you have deviated from the emission
limits.
Work Practice Standards. If you use an emission capture system and
control device for compliance, you would be required to implement on an
ongoing basis the work practice plan you developed during the initial
compliance period. If you did not develop a plan for reducing organic
HAP emissions or you do not implement the plan, that would be a
deviation from the work practice standards.
Operations During Startup, Shutdown, or Malfunction. If you use a
capture system and control device for compliance, you would be required
to develop and operate according to an SSMP during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control device.
Option 4: Compliance Based on the Control Efficiency/Outlet
Concentration Option. If you use a capture system and add-on control
device other than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct a
liquid-liquid material balance, your testing and continuous compliance
requirements are the same as those in Option 3. For add-on control
systems, you would be required to install control device parameter
monitoring equipment to be used to demonstrate compliance with the
operating requirements for add-on control systems in today's proposed
rule. If you operate a CPMS, it would have to collect data at least
every 15 minutes and you would need to have at least three data points
per hour to have a valid hour of data. You would have to operate the
CPMS at all times the surface coating operation and control systems are
operating. You would also have to conduct proper maintenance of the
CPMS and maintain an inventory of necessary parts for routine repairs
of the CPMS. Using the data collected with the CPMS, you would
calculate and record the average values of each operating parameter
according to the specified averaging times.

I. What Are the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?

You are required to comply with the applicable requirements in the
NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as described in
the proposed rule. The General Provisions notification requirements
include: Initial notifications, notification of performance test if you
are complying using a capture system and control device, notification
of compliance status, and additional notifications required for
affected sources with continuous monitoring systems. The General
Provisions also require certain records and periodic reports.
Initial Notification. If the proposed standards apply to you as a
new or reconstructed affected source, you must send a notification to
the EPA Regional Office in the region where your facility is located
and to your State agency within 120 days after the date of initial
startup or 120 days after publication of the final rule, whichever is
later. Existing affected sources must send the initial notification
within 1 year after publication of the final rule. The report notifies
us and your State agency that you have constructed a new facility,
reconstructed an existing facility, or you have an existing facility
that is subject to the proposed rule. Thus, it allows you and the
permitting authority to plan for compliance activities. You would also
need to send a notification of planned construction or reconstruction
of a source that would be subject to the proposed rule and apply for
approval to construct or reconstruct.
Notification of Performance Test. If you demonstrate compliance by
using a capture system and control device for which you do not conduct
a liquid-liquid material balance, you would conduct a performance test.
For a new or reconstructed affected source, the performance test would
be required no later than 180 days after initial startup or 180 days
after publication of the final rule, whichever is later. For an
existing source, the performance test would be required no later than
the compliance date. You must notify us (or the delegated State or
local agency) at least 60 calendar days before the performance test is
scheduled to begin, as indicated in the General Provisions for the
NESHAP.
Notification of Compliance Status. Your compliance procedures would
depend on which compliance option you choose. For each compliance
option, you would send us a Notification of Compliance Status within 30
days after the end of the initial compliance period. In the
notification, you would certify whether the affected source has
complied with the proposed standards, identify the option(s) you used
to demonstrate initial compliance, summarize the data and calculations
supporting the compliance demonstration, and describe how you will
determine continuous compliance.
If you elect to comply by using a capture system and control device
for which you conduct performance tests, you must provide the results
of the tests. Your notification would also include the measured range
of each monitored parameter and the operating limits established during
the performance test, and information showing whether the affected
source has complied with its operating limits during the initial
compliance period.
Recordkeeping Requirements. You would be required to keep records
of reported information and all other information necessary to document
compliance with the proposed rule for 5 years. As required under the
General Provisions, records for the 2 most recent years must be kept
on-site; the other 3

[[Page 2120]]

years' records may be kept off-site. Records pertaining to the design
and operation of control and monitoring equipment must be kept for the
life of the equipment.
Depending on the compliance option that you choose, you may need to
keep records of the following:
? Organic HAP content, volatile matter content, coating
solids content, and quantity of the coatings and other materials
applied; and
? All documentation supporting initial notifications and
notifications of compliance status.
If you demonstrate compliance by using a capture system and control
device, you would also need to keep records of the following:
? The occurrence and duration of each startup, shutdown, or
malfunction of the emission capture system and control device;
? All maintenance performed on the capture system and control
device;
? Actions taken during startup, shutdown, and malfunction
that are different from the procedures specified in the affected
source's SSMP;
? All information necessary to demonstrate conformance with
the affected source's SSMP when the plan procedures are followed;
? All information necessary to demonstrate conformance with
the affected source's plan for minimizing emissions from mixing,
storage, and waste handling operations;
? Each period during which a CPMS is malfunctioning or
inoperative (including out of control periods);
? All required measurements needed to demonstrate compliance
with the standards; and
? All results of performance tests.
The proposed rule would require you to collect and keep records
according to your monitoring plan. Failure to collect and keep the
specified minimum data would be a deviation that is separate from any
emission limits, operating limits, or work practice standards.
Deviations, as determined from those records, would need to be
recorded and also reported. A deviation is any instance when any
requirement or obligation established by the proposed rule including,
but not limited to, the emission limits, operating limits, and work
practice standards, are not met.
If you use a capture system and control device to reduce organic
HAP emissions, you would have to make your SSMP available for
inspection if the Administrator requests to see it. The plan would stay
in your records for the life of the affected source or until the
affected source is no longer subject to the proposed standards. If you
revise the plan, you would need to keep the previous superceded
versions on record for 5 years following the revision.
Periodic Reports. Each year is divided into two semiannual
reporting periods. If no deviations occur during a semiannual reporting
period, you would submit a semiannual report stating that the affected
source has been in continuous compliance. If deviations occur, you
would need to include them in the report as follows:
? Report each deviation from the emission limit.
? Report each deviation from the work practice standards if
you use an emission capture system and control device.
? If you use an emission capture system and control device,
report each deviation from an operating limit and each time a bypass
line diverts emissions from the control device to the atmosphere.
? Report other specific information on the periods of time
and details of deviations that occurred.
You would also have to include an explanation in each semiannual
report if a change occurs that might affect the compliance status of
the affected source or you change to another option for meeting the
applicable emission limit.
Other Reports. You would be required to submit reports for periods
of startup, shutdown, and malfunction of the capture system and control
device. If the procedures you follow during any startup, shutdown, or
malfunction are inconsistent with your plan, you would report those
procedures with your semiannual reports in addition to immediate
reports required by the General Provisions in section 63.10(d)(5)(ii).

III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards

A. How Did We Select the Source Category and Subcategories?

Metal can surface coating operations is on the CAA list of source
categories to be regulated because it contains major sources that emit
or have the potential to emit at least 9.07 Mg (10 tons) of any one HAP
or at least 22.7 Mg (25 tons) of any combination of HAP annually. The
proposed rule would control HAP emissions from both new or
reconstructed and existing major sources. Area sources are not being
regulated under the proposed rule.
We intend the source category to include facilities for which the
surface coating of metal cans is either their principal activity or is
an integral part of a production process which is the principal
activity. While some facilities are entirely dedicated to surface
coating, most metal can surface coating operations are located at plant
sites for which can manufacturing is the principal activity. Both
stand-alone and co-located surface coating operations are included in
the source category, and the definition of the source category is
intended to reflect that inclusion. The project database was used to
identify those ``major source'' or ``synthetic minor source''
facilities that reported using at least 5,700 liter/yr (1,500 gal/yr)
of coatings in metal can surface coating operations.
The source category does not include research or laboratory
facilities or janitorial, building, and facility maintenance
operations.
Subcategory Selection. The statute gives us discretion to determine
if and how to subcategorize. A subcategory is a group of similar
sources within a given source category. As part of the regulatory
development process, we evaluate the similarities and differences among
industry segments or groups of facilities comprising a source category.
In establishing subcategories, we consider factors such as process
operations (type of process, raw materials, chemistry/formulation data,
associated equipment, and final products), emission characteristics
(amount and type of HAP), control device applicability, and
opportunities for pollution prevention. We may also consider existing
regulations or guidance from States and other regulatory agencies in
determining subcategories.
After reviewing survey responses from the industry, facility site
visit reports, and information received from stakeholder meetings we
found that the metal can surface coating industry may be grouped into
four product groups or subcategories with different coating processes
and performance requirements. The four subcategories are (1) One- and
two-piece D&I can body coating, (2) sheetcoating, (3) three-piece can
body assembly coating, and (4) end lining. We also found significant
differences in coating requirements for cans manufactured for different
end uses within several of these subcategories that warranted further
segmentation into coating types within the subcategories. Descriptions
of each subcategory and coating type segment are given in the following
paragraphs.
One- and Two-Piece Draw and Iron Can Body Coating. Aluminum or
steel D&I cans are made from metal coil by stamping out shallow metal
cups which are then placed on a cylinder and forced through a series of
rings of decreasing annular space to further draw out the

[[Page 2121]]

wall of the can and iron out folds in the metal. Surface coatings, both
interior and exterior, are then applied to the formed can.
There are several reasons why D&I can body coating is a separate
subcategory. In both annual production and overall HAP emissions, cans
made by the D&I process make up the largest component of the metal can
manufacturing industry. The processes by which they are produced and
surface-coated, and, to some extent, the coatings used, differ
significantly from those used for other types of cans, and because of
existing VOC rules and the coating processes and configuration of D&I
facilities, emission control devices are commonly used.
While the general production and coating application processes are
similar for all D&I cans, differences in coating types and relative
amount of coating used for cans with different end uses warrant a
further subdivision of that subcategory into three coating type
segments: (1) Two-piece beverage can coatings, (2) two-piece food can
coatings, and (3) one-piece aerosol can coatings. A different MACT
standard is proposed for each of those segments.
Sheetcoating. The subcategory includes all of the flat metal sheet
coating operations associated with the manufacture of three-piece cans,
decorative tins, crowns and closures, and two-piece draw-redraw cans.
The methods of coating application and the types of coatings used on
flat sheets differ significantly from those used in the other
subcategories. The coatings (interior and exterior base coatings,
decorative inks, and overvarnishes) are most commonly applied by roller
to the flat metal sheets, which then pass through a curing oven. While
those emission points are sometimes uncontrolled, the best-performing
sources typically control emissions through the use of ultraviolet
cured coatings or partial or total enclosures routed to thermal or
catalytic oxidizers that achieve destruction efficiencies of 95 percent
or higher. Decorative inks, which make up a significant proportion of
the coatings used in sheetcoating, have very low concentrations of HAP
and are inherently low-emitting.
Three-Piece Can Body Assembly Coatings. Three-piece cans consist of
an open-ended can body and two separate ends. Can body assembly is the
step in the three-piece can manufacturing process in which flat body
blanks are formed into a cylinder and the side seams are joined
together. Coating operations associated with can body assembly are
interior and exterior side seam stripe and inside spray applications.
Several characteristics of three-piece can body assembly coating
place it in a separate subcategory. Can assembly facilities use only a
limited number of coatings in relatively small total volumes. Side seam
striping is unique in that the application process and coating
formulations have higher solvency requirements than other can body and
end coatings and end seal compounds. Side seam stripe emissions are
typically uncontrolled because emission rates are low and capturing
emissions is not economical due to high air flow rates and low solvent
loading.
Three-piece cans made for different end uses and contents require
coatings, particularly side seam stripes, with widely differing
chemical characteristics and shelf life requirements. Some food cans
must be sterilized before filling by subjecting them to high
temperature steam, chemicals, or a combination of both, while other
food cans do not require this kind of aseptic processing. Different
kinds of foods vary in their acid contents. Coatings required on cans
for these different end uses often have significantly different HAP
contents. Inside spray coatings also differ from side seam stripes in
quantity used and chemical composition. For those reasons, the three-
piece can body assembly coating subcategory is divided into five
distinct coating type segments with different emission limits for each.
Those segments include: (1) Inside spray coatings, (2) aseptic side
seam stripe coatings for food cans, (3) non-aseptic side seam stripe
coatings for food cans, (4) side seam stripe coatings for non-food
general line cans, and (5) side seam stripe coatings for non-food
aerosol cans.
End Lining Coatings. End lining coating operations consisting of
the application of end seal compounds to can ends are in a separate
subcategory for several reasons. Unlike other coatings, end seal
compounds are applied in a bead around the edges of can ends. Curing
takes place under ambient conditions (not in a curing oven) over a
longer period of time than other coatings. And the coating formulation
(solids content, types of solvents used) of end seal compounds differs
significantly from other coatings. Emissions from end lining operations
are not controlled because the curing rate of end seal compounds is
slow. Controlling such volatile HAP emissions is not cost effective,
since it would result in a high volume, low concentration emission
stream requiring significant auxiliary fuel usage to achieve a high
destruction efficiency.
As with side seam stripes, some end seal compounds must withstand
aseptic processing while others do not have to meet that requirement.
There are significant differences in formulation and HAP content (and
emissions) for end seal compounds for aseptic and non-aseptic
applications. For that reason the end lining subcategory is divided
into two coating type segments: aseptic and non-aseptic.

B. How Did We Select the Regulated Pollutants?

Organic HAP. Available emission data collected during the
development of the proposed rule show that the primary organic HAP
emitted from metal can surface coating operations include EGBE and
other glycol ethers, xylenes, hexane, MEK, and MIBK. Those compounds
account for 95 percent of that source category's nationwide organic HAP
emissions. Other significant organic HAP emissions include isophorone,
ethyl benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, formaldehyde, and
naphthalene. Because coatings used by metal can surface coating
operations contain many combinations of those and other organic HAP, it
is not practical to regulate them individually. Therefore, the proposed
rule would regulate emissions of all organic HAP.
Inorganic HAP. Based on information reported during the development
of the proposed rule, inorganic HAP contained in the coatings used by
that source category include chromium, manganese, and antimony
compounds. Because these inorganic compounds are in the coating solids,
they are retained in the dry (film) coating on the substrate to which
the coating is applied. The only opportunity for any quantifiable
solids material to enter the ambient air is if they are spray-applied
and emitted as overspray. Because of the atomization of the coating
during spray application, inorganic compounds become airborne and are
either deposited on the substrate, fall to the floor in the spray
application area, or enter the air and become susceptible to transport
to other areas in the building or outside into the ambient air. The
data available to EPA indicate that the facilities in that source
category that use spray application techniques in rare instances apply
coatings that contain inorganic HAP compounds. However, because they do
not have emission control systems for inorganic compounds, there is no
demonstrated control technology on which to base a standard. Therefore,
the proposed rule would not regulate emissions of inorganic HAP.

[[Page 2122]]

C. How Did We Select the Affected Source?

In selecting the affected source(s) for emission standards, our
primary goal is to ensure that MACT is applied to HAP-emitting
operations or activities within the source category or subcategory
being regulated. The affected source also serves to determine where new
source MACT applies under a particular standard. Specifically, the
General Provisions in subpart A of 40 CFR part 63 define the terms
``construction'' and ``reconstruction'' with reference to the term
``affected source'' and provide that new source MACT applies when
construction or reconstruction of an affected source occurs. The
collection of equipment and activities evaluated in determining MACT
(including the MACT floor) is used in defining the affected source.
When an emission standard is based on a collection of emission
sources or total facility emissions, we select an affected source based
on that same collection of emission sources, or the total facility, as
well. That approach for defining the affected source broadly is
particularly appropriate for industries where a plantwide emission
standard provides the opportunity and incentive for owners and
operators to utilize control strategies that are more cost-effective
than if separate standards were established for each emission point
within an affected source.
Selection of Affected Source. The affected source for the proposed
standards is broadly defined for each subcategory. It includes all
metal can surface coating operations and associated ancillary equipment
within each of the four subcategories. Those operations include all
coating application equipment, all coating and thinner storage
containers and mixing vessels, all equipment and containers used for
conveying coatings and thinners, and all storage containers and
conveyance equipment for waste materials generated by a metal can
surface coating operation.
Since a facility may have coating operations in more than one
subcategory and, thus, be subject to separate emission limits for each
subcategory, we have defined all the coating-related equipment in each
subcategory as the affected source. In selecting the affected source,
we considered, for each operation, the extent to which HAP-containing
materials are used and the amount of HAP that are emitted. Coating
application, flash-off, and curing/drying operations account for the
majority of HAP emission and are included in the affected source.
We were not able to obtain data to adequately quantify HAP
emissions from storage, mixing, cleaning, waste handling and wastewater
treatment. However, solvents that are added to coatings as thinners,
for example, may be emitted during mixing and storage. The level of
emissions depends on the type of mixing and the type of storage
container and the work practices used at the affected source. The
magnitude of emissions from cleaning depends primarily on the type,
amount, and HAP content of cleaning materials used. Emissions from
waste handling operations depend on the type of system used to collect
and transport organic-HAP-containing waste materials in the affected
source. The HAP emissions from wastewater treatment depend on the
quantity and types of HAP discharged to the wastewater treatment
operation and the subsequent wastewater treatment processes, e.g.,
treatment by aeration or by biodegradation. Mixing, storage, cleaning,
waste handling, and wastewater treatment operations are included in the
affected source.
A broad definition of the affected source was selected to provide
maximum flexibility in complying with the proposed emission limits for
organic HAP. In planning its total usage of HAP-containing materials,
each affected source can select among available coating, printing,
thinning, and cleaning materials, as well as use of emission capture
systems and add-on controls for coating operations, to maximize
emissions reductions in the most cost-effective manner.
Additional information on the metal can surface coating operations
selected for regulation and other operations are included in the docket
for the proposed standards.

D. How Did We Determine the Basis and Level of the Proposed Standards
for New or Reconstructed Affected Sources and Existing Affected
Sources?

The sections below present the rationale for determining the MACT
floor, regulatory alternatives beyond the floor, and selection of the
proposed standards for new or reconstructed and existing affected
sources.
How did we determine the MACT floor? After we identify the specific
source categories or subcategories of sources to regulate under section
112 of the CAA, we must develop emission standards for each category
and subcategory. Section 112(d)(3) establishes a minimum baseline or
floor for standards. For new or reconstructed affected sources in a
category or subcategory, the standards cannot be less stringent than
the emission control achieved in practice by the best-controlled
similar source for which we have emission information. The standards
for existing affected sources can be less stringent than standards for
new or reconstructed sources, but they cannot be less stringent than
the average emission control achieved by the best-performing 12 percent
of existing sources (or the best-performing five existing sources for
categories or subcategories with fewer than 30 sources) for which we
have emission information.
In the metal can surface coating industry, organic HAP emission
control for surface coating operations is accomplished through the use
of low- or no-HAP coatings and thinners and add-on capture and control
systems. While various emission control techniques have achieved broad
use in the industry, different facilities use various combinations of
low- or no-HAP materials and add-on control equipment for different
types of surface coating operations. For example, the continuous linear
configuration of sheetcoating operations make them more amenable to
emissions reduction with add-on control equipment, while the nature of
side seam stripe coating applications make add-on emission control
impractical.
Thus, the most reasonable approach to establishing a MACT floor is
the evaluation of a source's organic HAP emissions for each type of
coating operation and each coating type segment it includes. To account
for differences in coating volumes used in different types of
operations and differences in production levels from one source to
another, we normalized the organic HAP emission rate by the volume of
coating solids used.
We used information obtained from industry survey responses to
estimate the organic HAP emission rate for each subcategory and coating
type segment included in each facility. We calculated total organic HAP
emissions by assuming that 100 percent of the volatile components in
all coatings and thinners are emitted. Sources used for determining the
MACT floor emission limits included those facilities that listed major
source or synthetic minor source as their title V status on their
responses to questionnaires we sent to them and that used at least
5,700 liters/yr (1,500 gal/yr) of coatings in metal can surface coating
operations. Other sources were included if their data indicated that
they have the capacity to increase their organic HAP emissions to at
least 9.1 Mg/yr (10 tpy), even though

[[Page 2123]]

they did not identify themselves as major or synthetic minor sources.
Using the organic HAP emissions and the total volume of coating
solids used in each subcategory and coating type segment for each
survey respondent, we calculated the normalized organic HAP emissions
(emission rate) in units of kilograms (kg) organic HAP per liter of
coating solids (pounds (lb) organic HAP per gal of coating solids)
used. The sources were then ranked from the lowest to the highest
emission rate in each of the four subcategories and coating type
segments.
For subcategories and coating segments in which there were more
than 30 sources, the existing source MACT floor was based on the top 12
percent of the sources. For subcategories and coating segments with
fewer than 30 sources, the existing source MACT floor was based on the
top five sources. The average emission rate for each subcategory was
interpreted as the median value of the included sources. The median
emission rate was selected rather than the mean or mode because it is
associated with an actual emission rate being achieved by a real
facility. The best performing source in each subcategory or coating
segment in the database determined the MACT floor for new or
reconstructed affected sources.
The MACT floor analysis for new affected sources resulted in the
emission limits for each subcategory and coating segment given in Table
2 of this preamble. The analysis for existing affected sources resulted
in emission limits given in Table 3 of this preamble. The alternative
control efficiency and outlet concentration limits for those new and
existing sources using capture and control systems are given in Table 4
of this preamble. The survey data showed no appreciable differences in
substrates coated, coating technologies used, or the applicability of
control measures between the floor sources and the remaining sources in
each subcategory and coating segment.
After the floors have been determined for new or reconstructed and
existing sources in a source category or subcategory, we must set
emission standards that are technically achievable and no less
stringent than the floors. Such standards must then be met by all
affected sources within the source category or subcategory. We identify
and consider any reasonable regulatory alternatives that are beyond-
the-floor, taking into account emissions reductions, cost, non-air
quality health and environmental impacts, and energy requirements.
Different beyond-the-floor alternatives may be considered for new or
reconstructed affected sources and existing affected sources.
The beyond-the-floor option considered for all the subcategories
and for both new and existing sources was requiring the use of capture
systems and add-on control devices for all metal can surface coating
operations. The add-on control device chosen for the beyond-the-floor
analysis was a regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO). An RTO was chosen
to reflect the highest emission reduction level possible.
In evaluating the beyond-the-floor option, we calculated the
additional costs and emission reductions associated with the use of a
capture system and RTO. We calculated the cost to reduce each ton of
organic HAP emissions using the more stringent level of control.
Requiring sources to meet the beyond-the-floor level would result in an
estimated additional emissions reduction of 283 Mg/yr (312 tpy) at an
estimated cost of $14.6 million per year or $51,600 per Mg HAP ($46,800
per ton HAP) reduced.
Without having information on the benefits that would be achieved
by reducing emissions beyond-the-floor, we determined that the
additional emission reductions that could be achieved do not warrant
the costs that each affected source would incur by using add-on
controls. Therefore, we are not requiring beyond-the-floor levels of
emissions reductions at this time. After implementation of those
standards, we will evaluate the health and environmental risks that may
be posed as a result of exposure to emissions from the metal can
surface coating source category. At that time, we will determine
whether additional control is warranted in light of the available risk
information.
We note here that our assumption, used in the development of the
MACT floors, that 100 percent of the organic HAP in the materials used
are emitted by the affected source would not apply when the source
sends organic HAP waste materials to a facility for treatment or
disposal. We made that assumption because the industry survey responses
provided little information as to the amount of organic HAP recovered
and recycled or treated and disposed of as a hazardous waste. We,
therefore, concluded that the practice may not be common within the
metal can surface coating industry. We recognize, however, that some
metal can surface coating facilities may conduct such activities and
should be allowed to account for such activities in determining their
emissions. Thus, the proposed rule allows you to reduce the organic HAP
emissions by the amount of any organic HAP contained in waste treated
or disposed of at a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal
facility that is regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
The alternative capture/control efficiency limit of 95 percent for
existing sources and 97 percent for new or reconstructed sources, and
the 20 parts per million by volume HAP outlet concentration limit are
based on the documented emission reductions in test reports provided by
metal can facilities and the EPA's study of available incinerator
technology, cost, and energy use. We are requesting specific comment on
the usefulness and likelihood of the proposed alternative limits and
the level of control required by the alternative limits.

E. How Did We Select the Format of the Standards?

We selected the primary format of the standards to be mass of HAP
per volume of coating solids. We selected volume of coating solids to
normalize the rate of organic HAP emissions across all sizes and types
of coating operations and facilities. Volume of coating solids used is
directly related to the surface area coated and, therefore, provides an
equitable basis of comparison for all coatings, regardless of
differences in coating densities. A format based on the mass or weight
of coating solids instead of volume could result in inequitable
standards for higher-density coatings compared to coatings with lower
densities per unit volume.
To provide compliance flexibility, we also provided an alternative
compliance option based on percent reduction achieved by a capture
system and control device or the HAP concentration exiting a control
device. We selected those alternative formats because they would
achieve equivalent or greater HAP emissions reduction at those
facilities using capture/control systems while reducing the
recordkeeping and reporting burden for those facilities. Those
alternative limits are based on test report data provided by industry
and reflect what we believe to be the achievable level of control
available with control devices commonly used by the metal can surface
coating industry.
Another choice for the format of the standards that we considered
but rejected was a usage limit (mass of HAP per unit of production). As
it is not our intent to limit a facility's production under those
proposed standards, we rejected a usage limit.

[[Page 2124]]

F. How Did We Select the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?

The MACT levels of control can be achieved in several different
ways. Many affected sources would be able to use low- or no-HAP
coatings, although they may not be available to meet all needs. If an
affected source also uses thinners containing organic HAP, it may be
able to switch to widely available low- or no-HAP thinners to reduce
organic HAP emissions to the MACT level of control. Other affected
sources may use capture systems and add-on control devices, either
alone or in combination with low- HAP coatings, to reduce emissions.
Reflecting those alternative approaches, the proposed standards
would allow you to choose among several options to demonstrate
compliance with the proposed standards for organic HAP, using coatings
and thinners with low- or no-organic HAP, using a combination of low-
or no-HAP coatings and emission capture and control devices, or using
emission capture and control devices for all surface coating
operations.
For the Compliant Material Option. You would be required to
document the organic HAP content of all coatings and show that each is
less than the applicable emission limit. You would also have to show
that each thinner used contains no organic HAP. Method 311 is the
method developed by EPA for determining the mass fraction of organic
HAP in coatings and has been used in previous surface coating NESHAP.
We have not identified any other methods that provide advantages over
Method 311 for use in the proposed standards.
Method 24 is the method developed by EPA for determining the mass
fraction of volatile matter for coatings and can optionally be used to
determine the nonaqueous volatile matter content as a surrogate for
organic HAP. In past standards, volatile organic compound (VOC)
emission control measures have been implemented in coating industries
with Method 24 as the compliance method. We have not identified any
other methods that provide advantages over Method 24 for use in the
proposed standards.
The proposed methods for determining volume fraction of coating
solids are either ASTM Method D2697-86(1998) or ASTM Method D6093-97.
Those are voluntary consensus standards (VCS) determined to be
appropriate for the proposed rule; they represent the consensus of
coating industry and other experts involved in their development.
For the Emission Rate Without Add-On Controls Option. To
demonstrate initial compliance using that option, you would calculate
the total organic HAP emission rate for all of your coating
operation(s) in each subcategory and coating type segment. Total
organic HAP emission rate is based on the total mass of organic HAP in
all coatings and thinners and the total volume of coating solids used
during the initial compliance period. You would be required to
demonstrate that the organic HAP emission rate does not exceed the
applicable emission limit using the methods discussed previously.
For the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls Option. If you use a
capture system and control device, other than a solvent recovery device
for which you conduct a monthly liquid-liquid material balance, you
would be required to conduct an initial performance test of the system
to determine its overall control efficiency. For a solvent recovery
system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you
would determine the quantity of volatile matter applied and the
quantity recovered during the initial compliance period to determine
its overall control efficiency. The total monthly mass of organic HAP
in all coatings and thinners used in each subcategory or coating
segment with controls would be reduced by the overall control
efficiency. That reduced value for total mass of organic HAP would then
be used with the values from the preceding 11 months to calculate the
12-month rolling average organic HAP emission rate in kg HAP/liter of
coating solids (lb HAP/gal of coating solids).
If you conduct a performance test, you would also determine
parameter operating limits during the test. The test methods that the
proposed standards would require for the performance test have been
required under many standards of performance for industrial surface
coating sources under 40 CFR part 60 and NESHAP under 40 CFR part 63.
We have not identified any other methods that provide advantages over
those methods.
For the Capture Efficiency/Outlet Concentration Option. If you use
a capture system and control device other than a solvent recovery
device for which you conduct a monthly liquid-liquid material balance,
you would be required to conduct an initial performance test of the
system to determine its overall control efficiency or the control
device outlet concentration and meet the same initial compliance
requirements described in Option 3.

G. How Did We Select the Continuous Compliance Requirements?

To demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, you
would need records of the quantity of coatings and thinners used and
the data and calculations supporting your determination of their
organic HAP content. If you conduct liquid-liquid material balances,
you would need records of the quantity of volatile matter used and the
quantity recovered by the solvent recovery systems each month.
To ensure continuous compliance with the proposed organic HAP
emission limits and operating limits, the proposed standards would
require continuous parameter monitoring of capture systems and control
devices and recordkeeping. We selected the following requirements based
on reasonable cost, ease of execution, and usefulness of the resulting
data to both the owners or operators and EPA for ensuring continuous
compliance with the emission limits and operating limits.
We are proposing that certain parameters be continuously monitored
for the types of capture systems and control devices commonly used in
the industry. Those monitoring parameters have been used in other
standards for similar industries. The values of those parameters that
correspond to compliance with the proposed emission limits are
established during the initial or most recent performance test that
demonstrates compliance. Those values are your operating limits for the
capture system and control device.
You would be required to determine 3-hour average values for most
monitored parameters for the affected source. We selected that
averaging period to reflect operating conditions during the performance
test to ensure the control system is continuously operating at the same
or better control level as during a performance test demonstrating
compliance with the emission limits.

H. How Did We Select the Test Methods for Determining Compliance With
the Emission Limits Using Add-On Control Devices?

Today's proposed rule would require you to conduct performance
tests to demonstrate compliance with the compliance options using add-
on control devices. When determining compliance with options using add-
on control devices, you also would be required to determine the capture
efficiency of the associated enclosures if the enclosure does not
qualify as a PTE. The test methods you would have to use to measure
those pollutants and capture

[[Page 2125]]

efficiency for enclosures are discussed below.
We are proposing the use of EPA Method 25A, ``Determination of
Total Gaseous Organic Matter Concentration Using a Flame Ionization
Analyzer,'' for measuring THC emissions because most of the metal can
facilities that are already required to measure THC emissions use that
method. Also, most of the available emissions data that we used to
evaluate THC control efficiencies were measured using Method 25A and
reported on an as carbon basis. Method 25A is better suited than EPA
Method 25, ``Measurement of Total Gaseous Nonmethane Organic Emissions
as Carbon (TGNMO),'' for measuring emission streams from metal can
coating lines which typically have lower THC concentrations (less than
50 parts per million) and relatively high moisture contents. However,
unlike Method 25, Method 25A does measure methane as a THC. Because
many of the well-controlled metal can facilities are required by permit
to reduce VOC emissions, those facilities generally are allowed to
subtract methane emissions from the THC measurement when reporting VOC
emissions because methane is not a VOC, according to EPA's definition
of VOC. Therefore, we also would allow you to subtract methane
emissions from measured THC values using EPA Method 18, ``Measurement
of Gaseous Organic Compound Emissions by Gas Chromotography.'' Method
18 is a self-validating method.
We are proposing the use of EPA Method 204, ``Criteria for and
Verification of Permanent or Temporary Total Enclosure,'' and Methods
204A through 204F for determining the capture efficiency of enclosures.
Methods 204A through 204F include the following: Method 204A,
``Volatile Organic Compounds Content In Liquids Input Stream,'' Method
204B, ``Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions In Captured Stream,''
Method 204C, ``Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions In Captured Stream
(Dilution Technique),'' Method 204D, ``Volatile Organic Compounds
Emissions In Uncaptured Stream From Temporary Total Enclosure,'' Method
204E, ``Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions In Uncaptured Stream From
Building Enclosure,'' and Method 204F, ``Volatile Organic Compounds
Content In Liquid Input Stream (Distillation Approach).'' If the
enclosure meets the criteria in EPA Method 204 for a PTE, then you may
assume that its capture efficiency is 100 percent. If the enclosure is
not a PTE, then you would have to build a temporary total enclosure
(TTE) around it that meets the definition of a TTE in EPA Method 204,
and you would be required to determine the capture efficiency of the
TTE using Methods 204A through 204F (as appropriate). You would then
have to measure emissions from both the control device and the TTE and
use the combined emissions to determine compliance.
Industry representatives have expressed concern with using EPA
Methods 204 and 204A through F for determining capture efficiency of
coating line enclosures. The industry representatives have indicated
that some facilities may have difficulty retrofitting a PTE or TTE that
meets the EPA Method 204 criteria. Partial enclosures may be able to
achieve high capture, but Methods 204 and 204A through F are the only
available methods for testing the efficiency of partial enclosures. We
recognize the need for flexibility in determination of capture
efficiency for metal can coating line enclosures and welcome your
comments on alternative approaches for determining capture efficiency.
Today's proposed rule would allow facilities to petition the
Administrator for use of alternative test methods.

I. How Did We Select Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?

You would be required to comply with the applicable requirements in
the NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as
described in Table 5 of the proposed subpart KKKK. We evaluated the
General Provisions requirements and included those we determined to be
the minimum notification, recordkeeping, and reporting necessary to
ensure compliance with and effective enforcement of the proposed
standards, modifying them as appropriate for the metal can surface
coating category.

IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts

The proposed standards would affect 142 major source metal can
surface coating facilities. The impacts are presented relative to a
baseline reflecting the level of control prior to the standards. Due to
consolidation throughout the industry, there is not expected to be any
net growth within the metal can surface coating industry within the
next 5 years. Therefore, the estimate of the impacts is presented for
existing facilities only. For a facility that is already in compliance
with the standards, only monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting cost
impacts were estimated. For more information on how impacts were
estimated, see the BID (EPA-453/R-02-008).
The outcome of two delisting petitions that have been submitted to
EPA could significantly affect the estimated impacts of this
rulemaking. These petitions are the petition to delist EGBE from the
HAP list and the petition to delist the two-piece beverage can
subcategory from the source category list. Both petitions are being
reviewed by the EPA. If granted, the delisting of either EGBE or the
two-piece beverage can subcategory could affect the proposed emission
limits and the number of affected sources. Thus, the estimated impacts
of this proposed rule could change. Once decisions on the petitions are
finalized, we will evaluate whether any changes to the proposed rule
are appropriate.

A. What Are the Air Impacts?

The proposed emission limits are expected to reduce nationwide
organic HAP emissions from existing major affected sources by
approximately 6,160 Mg/yr (6,800 tpy). That represents a reduction of
71 percent from the baseline organic HAP emissions of 8,700 Mg/yr
(9,600 tpy). Table 5 of this preamble gives a summary of the primary
air impacts for major coating segment groupings associated with
implementation of the proposed rule.

Table 5.--Summary of Primary Air Impacts by Subcategory or Coating Segment for Existing Sources
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emissions Emissions Emissions
Subcategory or or coating segment before NESHAP, after NESHAP, reduction, Mg/ Percent
Mg/yr (tpy) Mg/yr (tpy) yr (tpy) reduction
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Two-piece D&I beverage can body coatings........ 4,468 1,644 2,824 63
(4,922) (1,811) (3,111)

[[Page 2126]]

Two-piece D&I food can body coatings............ 765 139 626 82
(843) (153) (690)
One-piece D&I aerosol can body coatings......... 16 16 0 0
(18) (18) (0)
Sheetcoatings................................... 2,289 404 1,885 82
(2,522) (445) (2,077)
Three-piece food can assembly coatings.......... 370 285 85 23
(408) (314) (94)
Three-piece non-food can assembly coatings...... 45 38 6 14
(50) (42) (7)
End lining coatings............................. 763 34 729 95
(841) (38) (803)
-----------------
Total....................................... 8,718 2,560 6,158 71
(9,603) (2,820) (6,783)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. What Are the Cost Impacts?

Cost impacts include the costs of recordkeeping and reporting,
capital equipment costs, performance testing costs, and material costs
as facilities comply with the proposed rule. Recordkeeping and
reporting includes all labor hours related to the tracking of coating
usage, the cost of purchasing computer equipment, the labor hours
required to write and submit reports, and the labor hours required to
train coating personnel. Capital equipment costs for the facilities
that choose to use capture equipment and add-on control devices to
comply with the proposed rule include the purchase, installation, and
operation of the equipment. Performance testing costs for the
facilities that choose to use add-on control devices to comply with the
standards include the labor hours required for a contractor to conduct
performance testing on each control device used and to develop the
associated reports for recordkeeping and reporting purposes.
Material costs include the cost of switching to low- or no-HAP
coatings. For facilities that choose to use low- or no-HAP coatings to
comply with the standards, coatings with lower HAP content are
considered more expensive than higher HAP content coatings.
The total annualized costs for the 142 existing major sources are
estimated at $56.2 million. Those estimates are broken down as follows;
monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting costs would contribute $7.3
million to the overall cost of the NESHAP, material costs would
contribute $4.1 million, and capital equipment costs would contribute
$44.8 million annually.

C. What Are the Economic Impacts?

We performed an EIA to provide an estimate of the facility and
market impacts of the proposed standards as well as the social costs.
The goal of the EIA is to estimate the market response of the metal can
coating and production facilities to the proposed regulation and to
determine the economic effects that may result due to this NESHAP. The
metal can source category contains 189 potentially affected facilities
that may be affected by the proposed rule. The potentially affected
companies are owned by 30 companies. The NAICS code that describes the
metal can manufacturing industry is 332431, Metal Can Manufacturing.
Metal can production leads to potential HAP emissions during the
can coating process when high concentrations of organic HAP solvents
are used and dispersed. Emissions are generated during coating
application, during transportation to the oven (evaporation), and
during curing. The compliance costs are associated with chemical
substitution during the coating process, the installation of pollution
control equipment, and recordkeeping and reporting activities. The
estimated total annualized costs for the NESHAP are $56.2 million per
year divided across 142 major source facilities.
In terms of industry impacts, metal can producers experience a
total projected decrease of $16 million in pre-tax earnings which
reflects the compliance costs associated with the production of metal
cans and the resulting reductions in revenues due to the increase in
the prices of the directly affected product markets and reduced
quantities purchased. Through the market impacts described above, the
proposed rule will create both gainers and losers within the metal can
industry. Approximately one-third of the modeled facilities experience
an increase in pre-tax earnings as a result of increases in price that
exceed their compliance costs per unit. In contrast, the remaining two-
thirds of metal can facilities experience losses in pre-tax earnings.
In addition, the EIA indicates that none of the facilities within the
metal can market (not including small businesses) are at risk of
closure because of the proposed standards. Overall employment is
projected to decrease by 176 employees, which represents a decrease of
\8/10\th of one percent as a result of the proposed rule.
Based on the market analysis, the total social cost of the proposed
rule is projected to be $53.5 million. The estimated social costs
differ slightly from the projected engineering costs because social
costs account for producer and consumer behavior. Consumers are
projected to lose $33.3 million or 60 percent of the total social costs
of the proposed rule. Producers will lose $20.2 million, or 40 percent
of the total social costs. For more information, consult the EIA report
supporting the proposed rule, ``Economic Impact Analysis of Metal Can
MACT Standards'' (EPA-452/R-02-005).

D. What Are the Non-Air Health, Environmental, and Energy Impacts?

Based on information from the industry survey responses, we found
no indication that the use of low or no-organic HAP content coatings
and thinners at existing sources would result in any increase or
decrease in non-air health, environmental, and energy

[[Page 2127]]

impacts. There would be no change in utility requirements associated
with the use of these materials so there would be no change in the
amount of energy consumed as a result of the material conversion. Also,
there would be no significant change in the amount of materials used or
the amount of waste produced.
Since many facilities in the D&I can body coating and sheetcoating
subcategories currently use add-on emission control devices to meet
existing requirements, we anticipate that facilities in those
subcategories would use add-on controls to comply with the proposed
standards. Secondary air and energy impacts would result from fuel
combustion needed to operate these control devices which are expected
to be RTO.
The RTO require electricity and the combustion of natural gas to
operate and maintain operating temperatures. By-products of fuel
combustion required to generate electricity and maintain RTO operating
temperature include emission of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides,
sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter
(PM₁₀). Assuming the electricity required for RTO operation
is generated at coal-fired plants built since 1978 and using air
pollution-42 emissions factors, generation of electricity required to
operate RTO at all affected D&I can body coating and sheetcoating
facilities would result in the following increases in the following air
pollutants: carbon monoxide, 81 tpy; nitrogen oxides, 182 tpy; sulfur
dioxide, 438 tpy; and PM₁₀, 86 tpy.
Energy impacts include the consumption of electricity and natural
gas needed to operate RTO. The estimated increase in electricity
consumption from the operation of RTO at all D&I can body coating and
sheetcoating facilities is 36,730,000 kilowatt hours per year.
Increased fuel energy consumption resulting from burning natural gas
would be 1,197,000 megamillion British thermal units per year. No
significant secondary water or solid waste impacts would result from
the operation of emission control devices.

V. Administrative Requirements

A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review

Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), EPA
must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and,
therefore, subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and
the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order defines
``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a
rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligation of recipients
thereof; or
(4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
It has been determined that the proposed rule is not a
``significant regulatory action'' under the terms of Executive Order
12866 and is, therefore, not subject to OMB review.

B. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks

Executive Order 13045, ``Protection of Children from Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies
to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant''
as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an
environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may
have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action
meets both criteria, EPA must evaluate the environmental health or
safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the
planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has
the potential to influence the regulation. The proposed rule is not
subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is based on technology
performance and not on health or safety risks.

C. Executive Order 13132, Federalism

Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August
10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.''
``Policies that have federalism implications'' is defined in the
Executive Order to include rules that have ``substantial direct effects
on the States, on the relationship between the national government and
the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among
the various levels of government.''
The proposed rule does not have federalism implications. It would
not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government,
as specified in Executive Order 13132. Thus, Executive Order 13132 does
not apply to the proposed rule. Although section 6 of Executive Order
13132 does not apply to the proposed rule, EPA did consult with State
and local officials to enable them to provide timely input in the
development of the proposed rule.
In the spirit of Executive Order 13132, and consistent with EPA
policy to promote communications between EPA and State and local
governments, EPA specifically solicits comment on the proposed rule
from State and local officials.

D. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments

Executive Order 13175, entitled ``Consultation and Coordination
with Indian Tribal Governments'' (59 FR 22951, November 9, 2000),
requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful
and timely input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have tribal implications.'' The proposed rule does not
have tribal implications, as specified in Executive Order 13175. No
tribal governments own or operate metal can surface coating operations.
Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to the proposed rule.

E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

The proposed rule is not subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR
28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not a significant regulatory action
under Executive Order 12866.

F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Pub.
L. 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local,

[[Page 2128]]

and tribal governments and the private sector. Under Section 202 of the
UMRA, EPA generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-
benefit analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal
mandates'' that may result in expenditures to State, local, and tribal
governments, in aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or
more in any 1 year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written
statement is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to
identify and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives
and adopt the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome
alternative that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of
section 205 do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable
law. Moreover, section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other
than the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome
alternative if the Administrator publishes with the final rule an
explanation why that alternative was not adopted. Before EPA
establishes any regulatory requirements that may significantly or
uniquely affect small governments, including tribal governments, it
must have developed under section 203 of the UMRA a small government
agency plan. The plan must provide for notifying potentially affected
small governments, enabling officials of affected small governments to
have meaningful and timely input in the development of EPA regulatory
proposals with significant Federal intergovernmental mandates, and
informing, educating, and advising small governments on compliance with
the regulatory requirements.
The EPA has determined that the proposed rule does not contain a
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more
for State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the
private sector in any 1 year. The maximum total annualized cost of the
proposed rule for any year has been estimated to be less than $56.2
million. Thus, today's proposed rule is not subject to the requirements
of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA. In addition, the EPA has
determined that the proposed rule contains no regulatory requirements
that might significantly or uniquely affect small governments because
it contains no requirements that apply to such governments or impose
obligations upon them. Therefore, today's proposed rule is not subject
to the requirements of section 203 of UMRA.

G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601, et
seq.

The RFA generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory
flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment
rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any
other statute unless the EPA certifies that the rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Small entities include small business, small organizations, and small
governmental jurisdictions.
For purposes of assessing the impacts of today's proposed rule on
small entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A small business
according to the Small Business Administration (SBA) size standards by
NAICS code; (2) a small governmental jurisdiction that is a government
of a city, county, town, school district or special district with a
population of less than 50,000; and (3) a small organization that is
any not-for-profit enterprise which is independently owned and operated
and is not dominant in its field.
In accordance with the RFA, EPA conducted an assessment of the
proposed standards on small businesses within the metal can industry.
Based on SBA NAICS-based size definitions and reported sales and
employment data, EPA identified 13 small business, or 43.3 percent of
the metal can companies. Small businesses are expected to incur only 2
percent of the total industry annualized compliance costs of $56.2
million. The EPA estimates that 10 of the 13 small businesses will
experience an impact less than 1 percent of total company sales, two
small firms will experience impacts between 1 and 3 percent, and one
firm will experience an impact of more than 3 percent of sales.
Consequently, one of the 15 facilities owned by small businesses is
likely to prematurely close as a result of the proposed rule. For more
information, consult the EIA report entitled ``Economic Impact Analysis
for the Proposed Metal Can NESHAP'' in Docket A-98-41.
After considering the economic impact of today's proposed rule on
small entities, I certify that this action will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.

H. Paperwork Reduction Act

The information collection requirements in the proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act,
44 U.S.C. 3501, et seq. An Information Collection Request (ICR)
document has been prepared by EPA (ICR No. 2079-01) and a copy may be
obtained from Susan Auby by mail at the U.S. EPA, Collection Strategies
Division (2822T), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460,
by email at auby.susan@epa.gov, or by calling (202) 566-1672. A copy
may also be downloaded off the internet at http://www.epa.gov/icr.
The information requirements are based on notification,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in the NESHAP General
Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A) which are mandatory for all
operators subject to national emission standards. Those recordkeeping
and reporting requirements are specifically authorized by section 114
of the CAA (42 U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to the EPA
pursuant to the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for which a
claim of confidentiality is made is safeguarded according to EPA
policies set forth in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
The proposed standards would require maintaining records of all
coating and thinning materials data and calculations used to determine
compliance. That information includes the amount (kg) used during each
12-month compliance period, mass fraction organic HAP, and, for coating
materials only, mass fraction of solids.
If an add-on control device is used, records must be kept of the
capture efficiency of the capture system, destruction or removal
efficiency of the add-on control device, and the monitored operating
parameters. In addition, records must be kept of each calculation of
the affected sourcewide emissions for each monthly and rolling 12-month
compliance period and all data, calculations, test results, and other
supporting information used to determine this value. The recordkeeping
requirements are only for the specific information needed to determine
compliance.
The annual monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping burden for this
collection (averaged over the first 3 years after the effective date of
the promulgated rule) is estimated to be approximately 1,815 labor
hours per year at a total annual cost of $545,000. That estimate
includes a one-time performance test and report (with repeat tests
where needed); one-time submission of a SSMP with semiannual reports
for any event when the procedures in the plan were not followed;
semiannual compliance status reports; and recordkeeping. There are no

[[Page 2129]]

capital/startup costs associated with the monitoring requirements.
Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or
provide information to or for a Federal agency. That includes the time
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements;
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information;
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information;
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
rules are listed in 40 CFR part 9 and 48 CFR chapter 15.
Comments are requested on the EPA's need for the information, the
accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods
for minimizing respondent burden, including through the use of
automated collection techniques. By U.S. Postal Service, send comments
on the ICR to the Director, Collection Strategies Division, U.S. EPA
(2822T), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460; or by
courier, send comments on the ICR to the Director, Collection
Strategies Division, U.S. EPA (2822T), 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW.,
Room 6143, Washington, DC 20460 ((202) 566-1700)), marked ``Attention:
Desk Officer for EPA.'' Include the ICR number in any correspondence.
Since OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR between 30
and 60 days after January 15, 2003, a comment to OMB is best assured of
having its full effect if OMB receives it by February 14, 2003. The
final rule will respond to any OMB or public comments on the
information collection requirements contained in the proposal.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, Sec. 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272
note) directs EPA to use VCS in their regulatory activities unless to
do so would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise
impractical. The VCS are technical standards (e.g., materials
specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, and business
practices) that are developed or adopted by VCS bodies. The NTTAA
directs EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations when the
Agency decides not to use available and applicable VCS.
This proposed rulemaking involves technical standards. The EPA
cites the following standards in this rule: EPA Methods 1, 1A, 2, 2A,
2C, 2D, 2F, 2G, 3, 3A, 3B, 4, 24, 25, 25A, 204, 204A through F, and
311. Consistent with the NTTAA, EPA conducted searches to identify VCS
in addition to these EPA methods/performance specifications. No
applicable VCS were identified for EPA Methods 1A, 2A, 2D, 2F, 2G, 204,
204A through 204F, and 311. The search and review results have been
documented and are placed in the docket (A-98-41) for the proposed
rule.
Three VCS described below were identified as acceptable
alternatives to EPA test methods for the purposes of the proposed rule.
The VCS ASME PTC 19-10-1981-Part 10, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas
Analyses,'' is cited in the proposed rule for its manual method for
measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide content of
exhaust gas. That part of ASME PTC 19-10-1981-Part 10 is an acceptable
alternative to Method 3B.
The two VCS, ASTM D2697-86 (Reapproved 1998), ``Standard Test
Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings''
and ASTM D6093-97, ``Standard Test Method for Percent Volume
Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas
Pycnometer,'' are cited in the proposed rule as acceptable alternatives
to EPA Method 24 to determine the volume fraction of coating solids.
Currently, EPA Method 24 does not have a procedure for determining the
volume of solids in coatings. Those standards augment the procedures in
Method 24, which currently states that volume solids content be
calculated from the coating manufacturer's formulation.
Six VCS: ASTM D1475-90, ASTM D2369-95, ASTM D3792-91, ASTM D4017-
96a, ASTM D4457-85 (Reapproved 91), and ASTM D5403-93 are already
incorporated by reference (IBR) in EPA Method 24. Five VCS: ASTM D1979-
91, ASTM D3432-89, ASTM D4747-87, ASTM D4827-93, and ASTM PS9-94 are
IBR in EPA Method 311.
In addition to the VCS EPA uses in the proposed rule, the search
for emissions measurement procedures identified 14 other VCS. The EPA
determined that 11 of those 14 standards identified for measuring
emissions of the HAP or surrogates subject to emission standards in the
proposed rule were impractical alternatives to EPA test methods for the
purposes of the proposed rule. Therefore, EPA does not intend to adopt
those standards for that purpose. The reasons for the determination for
the 11 methods are discussed below.
The VCS ASTM D3154-00, ``Standard Method for Average Velocity in a
Duct (Pitot Tube Method),'' is impractical as an alternative to EPA
Methods 1, 2, 2C, 3, 3B, and 4 for the purposes of the proposed
rulemaking since the standard appears to lack in quality control and
quality assurance requirements. Specifically, ASTM D3154-00 does not
include the following: (1) Proof that openings of standard pitot tube
have not plugged during the test, (2) if differential pressure gauges
other than inclined manometers (e.g., magnehelic gauges) are used,
their calibration must be checked after each test series, and (3) the
frequency and validity range for calibration of the temperature
sensors.
The VCS ASTM D3464-96 (2001), ``Standard Test Method Average
Velocity in a Duct Using a Thermal Anemometer,'' is impractical as an
alternative to EPA Method 2 for the purposes of the proposed rulemaking
primarily because applicability specifications are not clearly defined,
e.g., range of gas composition, temperature limits. Also, the lack of
supporting quality assurance data for the calibration procedures and
specifications, and certain variability issues that are not adequately
addressed by the standard limit EPA's ability to make a definitive
comparison of the method in those areas.
The VCS ISO 10780:1994, ``Stationary Source Emissions-Measurement
of Velocity and Volume Flowrate of Gas Streams in Ducts,'' is
impractical as an alternative to EPA Method 2 in the proposed
rulemaking. The standard recommends the use of an L-shaped pitot which
historically has not been recommended by EPA. The EPA specifies the S-
type design which has large openings that are less likely to plug up
with dust.
The VCS, CAN/CSA Z223.2-M86(1986), ``Method for the Continuous
Measurement of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur
Dioxide, and Oxides of Nitrogen in Enclosed Combustion Flue Gas
Streams,'' is unacceptable as a substitute for EPA Method 3A since it
does not include quantitative specifications for measurement system
performance, most notably the calibration procedures and instrument
performance characteristics.

[[Page 2130]]

The instrument performance characteristics that are provided are
nonmandatory and also do not provide the same level of quality
assurance as the EPA methods. For example, the zero and span/
calibration drift is only checked weekly, whereas the EPA methods
require drift checks after each run.
Two very similar standards, ASTM D5835-95, ``Standard Practice for
Sampling Stationary Source Emissions for Automated Determination of Gas
Concentration,'' and ISO 10396:1993, ``Stationary Source Emissions:
Sampling for the Automated Determination of Gas Concentrations,'' are
impractical alternatives to EPA Method 3A for the purposes of the
proposed rulemaking because they lack in detail and quality assurance/
quality control requirements. Specifically, those two standards do not
include the following: (1) Sensitivity of the method, (2) acceptable
levels of analyzer calibration error, (3) acceptable levels of sampling
system bias, (4) zero drift and calibration drift limits, time span,
and required testing frequency, (5) a method to test the interference
response of the analyzer, (6) procedures to determine the minimum
sampling time per run and minimum measurement time, and (7)
specifications for data recorders in terms of resolution (all types)
and recording intervals (digital and analog recorders only).
The VCS ISO 12039:2001, ``Stationary Source Emissions--
Determination of Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, and Oxygen--Automated
Methods,'' is not acceptable as an alternative to EPA Method 3A. The
ISO standard is similar to EPA Method 3A, but is missing some key
features. In terms of sampling, the hardware required by ISO 12039:2001
does not include a three-way calibration valve assembly or equivalent
to block the sample gas flow while calibration gases are introduced. In
its calibration procedures, ISO 12039:2001 only specifies a two-point
calibration while EPA Method 3A specifies a three-point calibration.
Also, ISO 12039:2001 does not specify performance criteria for
calibration error, calibration drift, or sampling system bias tests, as
in the EPA method, although checks of those quality control features
are required by the ISO standard.
The VCS ISO 11890-1 (2000) Part 1, ``Paints and Varnishes--
Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content--Difference
Method,'' is impractical as an alternative to EPA Method 24 because
measured nonvolatile matter content can vary with experimental factors
such as temperature, length of heating period, size of weighing dish,
and size of sample. The standard ISO 11890-1 allows for different dish
weights and sample sizes than the one size (58 millimeters in diameter
and sample size of 0.5 gram) of EPA Method 24. The standard ISO 11890-1
also allows for different oven temperatures and heating times depending
on the type of coating, whereas EPA Method 24 requires 60 minutes
heating at 110 degrees Celsius at all times. Because the EPA Method 24
test conditions and procedures define volatile matter, ISO 11890-1 is
unacceptable as an alternative because of its different test
conditions.
The VCS ISO 11890-2 (2000) Part 2, ``Paints and Varnishes--
Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content--Gas
Chromatographic Method,'' is impractical as an alternative to EPA
Method 24 because ISO 11890-2 only measures the VOC added to the
coating and would not measure any VOC generated from the curing of the
coating. The EPA Method 24 does measure cure VOC, which can be
significant in some cases, and, therefore, ISO 11890-2 is not an
acceptable alternative to this EPA method.
Two VCS, EN 12619:1999 ``Stationary Source Emissions--Determination
of the Mass Concentration of Total Gaseous Organic Carbon at Low
Concentrations in Flue Gases--Continuous Flame Ionization Detector
Method'' and ISO 14965:2000(E) ``Air Quality--Determination of Total
Nonmethane Organic Compounds--Cryogenic Preconcentration and Direct
Flame Ionization Method,'' are impractical alternatives to EPA Method
25 and 25A for the purposes of the proposed rulemaking because the
standards do not apply to solvent process vapors in concentrations
greater than 40 ppm (EN 12619) and 10 ppm carbon (ISO 14965). Methods
whose upper limits are that low are too limited to be useful in
measuring source emissions, which are expected to be much higher.
Three of the 14 VCS identified in the search were not available at
the time the review was conducted for the purposes of the proposed rule
because they are under development by a VCS body: ASME/BSR MFC 13M,
``Flow Measurement by Velocity Traverse,'' for EPA Method 2 (and
possibly 1); ASME/BSR MFC 12M, ``Flow in Closed Conduits Using
Multiport Averaging Pitot Primary Flowmeters,'' for EPA Method 2; and
ISO/CD 17895, ``Paints and Varnishes--Determination of the Volatile
Organic Compound Content of Water-based Emulsion Paints,'' for EPA
Method 24.
Listed in 40 CFR 63.3541, 63.3551, 63.3561, 63.3564, 63.3565,
63.3566, 63.3571, 63.3574, 63.3575, and 63.3576 to subpart KKKK of the
proposed standards are the EPA testing methods included in the
regulation. Under 40 CFR 63.7(f) and 40 CFR 63.8(f) of subpart A of the
General Provisions, a source may apply to EPA for permission to use
alternative test methods or alternative monitoring requirements in
place of any of the EPA testing methods, performance specifications, or
procedures.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.

Dated: November 26, 2002.
Christine Todd Whitman,
Administrator.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, part
63 of the Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as
follows:

PART 63--[AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.

2. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart KKKK to read as follows:

Subpart KKKK--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants: Surface Coating of Metal Cans

Sec.

What this Subpart Covers

63.3480 What is the purpose of this subpart?
63.3481 Am I subject to this subpart?
63.3482 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
63.3483 When do I have to comply with this subpart?

Emission Limitations

63.3490 What emission limits must I meet?
63.3491 What are my options for meeting the emission limits?
63.3492 What operating limits must I meet?
63.3493 What work practice standards must I meet?

General Compliance Requirements

63.3500 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
63.3501 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?

Notifications, Reports, and Records

63.3510 What notifications must I submit?
63.3520 What reports must I submit?
63.3530 What records must I keep?

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63.3531 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?

Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option

63.3540 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
63.3541 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.3542 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On Controls
Option

63.3550 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
63.3551 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.3552 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls
Option

63.3560 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
63.3561 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
63.3562 [Reserved]
63.3563 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.3564 What are the general requirements for performance tests?
63.3565 How do I determine the emission capture system efficiency?
63.3566 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?
63.3567 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on
control device operating limits during the performance test?
63.3568 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?

Compliance Requirements for the Control Efficiency/Outlet Concentration
Option

63.3570 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
63.3571 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
63.3572 [Reserved]
63.3573 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.3574 What are the general requirements for performance tests?
63.3575 How do I determine the emission capture system efficiency?
63.3576 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?
63.3577 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on
control device operating limits during the performance test?
63.3578 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?

Other Requirements and Information

63.3580 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.3581 What definitions apply to this subpart?

Tables to Subpart KKKK of Part 63

Table 1 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63
Emission Limits for New or Reconstructed Affected Sources
Table 2 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63
Emission Limits for Existing Affected Sources
Table 3 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63
Emission Limits for Affected Sources Using the Control
Efficiency/Outlet Concentration Compliance Option
Table 4 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63
Operating Limits if Using the Emission Rate with Add-on Controls
Option or the Control Efficiency/Outlet Concentration Compliance
Option
Table 5 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63
Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart KKKK
Table 6 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63
Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent
Blends
Table 7 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63
Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups

What This Subpart Covers

Sec. 63.3480 What is the purpose of this subpart?

This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants (NESHAP) for metal can surface coating facilities. This
subpart also establishes requirements to demonstrate initial and
continuous compliance with the emission limitations.

Sec. 63.3481 Am I subject to this subpart?

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, the source
category to which this subpart applies is surface coating of metal cans
and ends (including decorative tins) and metal crowns and closures. It
includes the subcategories listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of
this section. Surface coating is the application of coatings to a
substrate using, for example, spray guns or dip tanks.
(1) One and two-piece draw and iron can body coating. The one and
two-piece draw and iron can body coating subcategory includes all
coating processes involved in the manufacture of can bodies by the draw
and iron process. This subcategory includes three distinct coating type
segments reflecting the coatings appropriate for cans with different
end uses. Those are two-piece beverage can body coatings, two-piece
food can body coatings, and one-piece aerosol can body coatings.
(2) Sheetcoating. The sheetcoating subcategory includes all of the
flat metal sheet coating operations associated with the manufacture of
three-piece cans, decorative tins, crowns, and closures.
(3) Three-piece can body assembly coating. The three-piece can body
assembly coating subcategory includes all of the coating processes
involved in the assembly of three-piece metal can bodies. The
subcategory includes five distinct coating type segments reflecting the
coatings appropriate for cans with different end uses. Those are inside
spray on food cans, aseptic side seam stripes on food cans, non-aseptic
side seam stripes on food cans, side seam stripes on general line non-
food cans, and side seam stripes on aerosol non-food cans.
(4) End lining. The end lining subcategory includes the application
of end seal compounds to metal can ends. That subcategory includes two
distinct coating type segments reflecting the end seal compounds
appropriate for can ends with different end uses. Those are aseptic end
seal compounds and non-aseptic end seal compounds.
(b) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a new,
reconstructed, or existing affected source, as defined in Sec.
63.3482, that uses 5,700 liters (1,500 gallons (gal)) per year or more
of coatings in the surface coating of metal cans or ends (including
decorative tins) or metal crowns or closures and that is a major
source, is located at a major source, or is part of a major source of
emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAP). A major source of HAP
emissions is any stationary source or group of stationary sources
located within a contiguous area and under common control that emits or
has the potential to emit any single HAP at a rate of 9.07 megagrams
(Mg) (10 tons) or more per year or any combination of HAP at a rate of
22.68 Mg (25 tons) or more per year.
(c) This subpart does not apply to surface coating that meets the
criteria of paragraphs (c)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Surface coating conducted at a source that uses only coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials that contain no organic HAP, as
determined according to Sec. 63.3541(a).
(2) Surface coating subject to any other NESHAP in this part as of
[date of publication of the final rule in the Federal Register].
(3) Surface coating that occurs at research or laboratory
facilities or that is part of janitorial, building, and facility
maintenance operations.
(4) Surface coating of continuous metal coil that may subsequently
be

[[Page 2132]]

used in manufacturing cans. Subpart SSSS of this part covers surface
coating performed on a continuous metal coil substrate.
(5) Surface coating of metal pails, buckets, and drums. Subpart
MMMM of this part covers surface coating of all metal parts and
products not explicitly covered by another subpart.

Sec. 63.3482 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?

(a) This subpart applies to each new, reconstructed, and existing
affected source.
(b) The affected source is the collection of all of the items
listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section that are used
for surface coating of metal cans and ends (including decorative tins),
or metal crowns or closures within each subcategory:
(1) All coating operations as defined in Sec. 63.3581;
(2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials are stored or mixed;
(3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for
conveying coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials; and
(4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment
and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a
coating operation.
(c) An affected source is a new affected source if it meets the
criteria in paragraph (c)(1) of this section and the criteria in either
paragraph (c)(2) or (3) of this section.
(1) You commenced construction of the source after January 15, 2003
by installing new coating equipment.
(2) The new coating equipment is used to perform metal can surface
coating at a facility where no metal can surface coating was previously
performed.
(3) The new coating equipment is used to perform metal can surface
coating in a subcategory at a facility where no surface coating in that
subcategory was previously performed.
(d) An affected source is reconstructed if you meet the criteria as
defined in Sec. 63.2.
(e) An affected source is existing if it is not new or
reconstructed.

Sec. 63.3483 When do I have to comply with this subpart?

The date by which you must comply with this subpart is called the
compliance date. The compliance date for each type of affected source
is specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section. The
compliance date begins the initial compliance period during which you
conduct the initial compliance demonstration described in Sec. Sec.
63.3540, 63.3550, 63.3560, and 63.3570.
(a) For a new or reconstructed affected source, the compliance date
is the applicable date in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section.
(1) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source is before [date of publication of final rule in the Federal
Register], the compliance date is [date of publication of final rule in
the Federal Register].
(2) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source occurs after [date of publication of final rule in the Federal
Register], the compliance date is the date of initial startup of your
affected source.
(b) For an existing affected source, the compliance date is [date 3
years after date of publication of final rule in the Federal Register].
(c) For an area source that increases its emissions or its
potential to emit such that it becomes a major source of HAP emissions,
the compliance date is specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) For any portion of the source that becomes a new or
reconstructed affected source subject to this subpart, the compliance
date is the date of initial startup of the affected source or [date of
publication of final rule in the Federal Register], whichever is later.
(2) For any portion of the source that becomes an existing affected
source subject to this subpart, the compliance date is the date 1 year
after the area source becomes a major source or [date 3 years after
date of publication of final rule in the Federal Register], whichever
is later.
(d) You must meet the notification requirements in Sec. 63.3510
according to the dates specified in that section and in subpart A of
this part. Some of the notifications must be submitted before the
compliance dates described in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section.

Emission Limitations

Sec. 63.3490 What emission limits must I meet?

(a) For a new or reconstructed affected source, you must limit
organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission
limit(s) in Table 1 to this subpart that apply to you during each 12-
month compliance period, determined according to the requirements in
Sec. Sec. 63.3541, 63.3551, or 63.3561 or, if you control emissions
with an emissions control system using the control efficiency/outlet
concentration option as specified in Sec. 63.3491(d), you must reduce
organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the limit(s) in
Table 3 to this subpart determined according to the requirements of
Sec. 63.3571. If you perform surface coating in more than one
subcategory or utilize more than one coating type within a subcategory,
then you must meet the individual emission limit(s) for each
subcategory and coating type included.
(b) For an existing affected source, you must limit organic HAP
emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in
Table 2 to this subpart that apply to you during each 12-month
compliance period, determined according to the requirements in
Sec. Sec. 63.3541, 63.3551, or 63.3561 or, if you control emissions
with an emissions control system using the control efficiency/outlet
concentration option as specified in Sec. 63.3491(d), you must reduce
organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the limit(s) in
Table 3 to this subpart determined according to the requirements of
Sec. 63.3571. If you perform surface coating in more than one
subcategory or utilize more than one coating type within a subcategory,
then you must meet the individual emission limit(s) for each
subcategory and coating type included.
(c) If you perform surface coating in different subcategories as
described in Sec. 63.3481(a)(1) through (4), then the coating
operations in each subcategory constitute a separate affected source
and you must conduct separate compliance demonstrations for each
applicable subcategory and coating type emission limit in paragraphs
(a) and (b) of this section and reflect those separate determinations
in notifications, reports, and records required by Sec. Sec. 63.3510,
63.3520, and 63.3530, respectively.

Sec. 63.3491 What are my options for meeting the emission limits?

You must include all coatings and thinners used in all surface
coating operations within a subcategory or coating type segment when
determining whether the organic HAP emission rate is equal to or less
than the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490. To make that
determination, you must use at least one of the four compliance options
listed in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section. You may apply any
of the compliance options to an individual coating operation or to
multiple coating operations within a subcategory or coating type
segment as a group. You may use different compliance options for
different coating operations or at different times on the same coating

[[Page 2133]]

operation. However, you may not use different compliance options at the
same time on the same coating operation. If you switch between
compliance options for any coating operation or group of coating
operations, you must document that switch as required by Sec.
63.3530(c) and you must report it in the next semiannual compliance
report required in Sec. 63.3520.
(a) Compliant material option. Demonstrate that the organic HAP
content of each coating used in the coating operation(s) is less than
or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490 and that
each thinner used contains no organic HAP. You must meet all the
requirements of Sec. Sec. 63.3540, 63.3541, and 63.3542 to demonstrate
compliance with the emission limit using this option.
(b) Emission rate without add-on controls option. Demonstrate that,
based on the coatings and thinners used in the coating operation(s),
the organic HAP emission rate for the coating operation(s) is less than
or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490, calculated
as a rolling 12-month emission rate and determined on a monthly basis.
You must meet all the requirements of Sec. Sec. 63.3550, 63.3551, and
63.3552 to demonstrate compliance with the emission limit using this
option.
(c) Emission rate with add-on controls option. Demonstrate that,
based on the coatings and thinners used in the coating operation(s) and
the emission reductions achieved by emission capture systems and add-on
controls, the organic HAP emission rate for the coating operation(s) is
less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490,
calculated as a rolling 12-month emission rate and determined on a
monthly basis. If you use that compliance option, you must also
demonstrate that all emission capture systems and add-on control
devices for the coating operation(s) meet the operating limits required
in Sec. 63.3492, except for solvent recovery systems for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.3561(j),
and that you meet the work practice standards required in Sec.
63.3493. You must meet all the requirements of Sec. Sec. 63.3560
through 63.3568 to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits,
operating limits, and work practice standards using this option.
(d) Control efficiency/outlet concentration option. Demonstrate
that, based on the emission reductions achieved by emission capture
systems and add-on controls, total HAP emissions measured as total
hydrocarbon (THC) are reduced by 95 percent or greater for existing
sources or 97 percent or greater for new or reconstructed sources or
that outlet THC emissions are less than or equal to 20 parts per
million by volume, dry basis (ppmvd). If you use that compliance
option, you must have a capture device that meets EPA Method 204
criteria for a permanent total enclosure (PTE). You must also
demonstrate that all emission capture systems and add-on control
devices for the coating operation(s) meet the operating limits required
in Sec. 63.3492 and that you meet the work practice standards required
in Sec. 63.3493. You must meet all the requirements of Sec. Sec.
63.3570 through 63.3578 to demonstrate compliance with the emission
limits, operating limits, and work practice standards using that
option.

Sec. 63.3492 What operating limits must I meet?

(a) For any coating operation(s) on which you use the compliant
material option or the emission rate without add-on controls option,
you are not required to meet any operating limits.
(b) For any controlled coating operation(s) on which you use the
emission rate with add-on controls option or the control efficiency/
outlet concentration option except those for which you use a solvent
recovery system and conduct a liquid-liquid material balance according
to Sec. 63.3561(j), you must meet the operating limits specified in
Table 4 to this subpart. Those operating limits apply to the emission
capture and control systems on the coating operation(s) for which you
use the options. You must establish the operating limits during the
performance test according to the requirements in Sec. 63.3567 or
Sec. 63.3577, and you must meet the operating limits at all times
after you establish them.
(c) If you use an add-on control device other than those listed in
Table 4 to this subpart or wish to monitor an alternative parameter and
comply with a different operating limit, you must apply to the
Administrator for approval of alternative monitoring under Sec.
63.8(f).

Sec. 63.3493 What work practice standards must I meet?

(a) For any coating operation(s) for which you use the compliant
material option or the emission rate without add-on controls option,
you are not required to meet any work practice standards.
(b) If you use the emission rate with add-on controls option or the
control efficiency/outlet concentration option to comply with the
emission limitations, you must develop and implement a work practice
plan to minimize organic HAP emissions from the storage, mixing, and
conveying of coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used in, and
waste materials generated by, the coating operation(s) for which you
use those options; or you must meet an alternative standard as provided
in paragraph (c) of this section. The plan must specify practices and
procedures to ensure that, at a minimum, the elements specified in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section are implemented.
(1) All organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners, cleaning
materials, and waste materials must be stored in closed containers.
(2) Spills of organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners, cleaning
materials, and waste materials must be minimized.
(3) Organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners, cleaning materials,
and waste materials must be conveyed from one location to another in
closed containers or pipes.
(4) Mixing vessels which contain organic-HAP-containing coatings
and other materials must be closed except when adding to, removing, or
mixing the contents.
(5) Emissions of organic HAP must be minimized during cleaning of
storage, mixing, and conveying equipment.
(c) As provided in Sec. 63.6(g), we, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), may choose to grant you permission to use an
alternative to the work practice standards in this section.

General Compliance Requirements

Sec. 63.3500 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?

(a) You must be in compliance with the emission limitations in this
subpart as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) Any coating operation(s) for which you use the compliant
material option or the emission rate without add-on controls option, as
specified in Sec. 63.3491(a) and (b), must be in compliance with the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490.
(2) Any coating operation(s) for which you use the emission rate
with add-on controls option, as specified in Sec. 63.3491(c), or the
control efficiency/outlet concentration option, as specified in Sec.
63.3491(d), must be in compliance with the emission limitations as
specified in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490 at all times.

[[Page 2134]]

(ii) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the
operating limits for emission capture systems and add-on control
devices required by Sec. 63.3492 at all times except for those for
which you use a solvent recovery system and conduct liquid-liquid
material balances according to Sec. 63.3561(j).
(iii) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.3493 at all times.
(b) You must always operate and maintain your affected source,
including all air pollution control and monitoring equipment you use
for purposes of complying with this subpart, according to the
provisions in Sec. 63.6(e)(1)(i).
(c) If your affected source uses an emission capture system and
add-on control device for purposes of complying with this subpart, you
must develop and implement a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction
plan (SSMP) according to the provisions in Sec. 63.6(e)(3). The plan
must address startup, shutdown, and corrective actions in the event of
a malfunction of the emission capture system or the add-on control
device. The plan must also address any coating operation equipment that
may cause increased emissions or that would affect capture efficiency
if the process equipment malfunctions, such as conveyors that move
parts among enclosures.

Sec. 63.3501 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?

Table 5 to this subpart shows which parts of the General Provisions
in Sec. Sec. 63.1 through 63.15 apply to you.

Notifications, Reports, and Records

Sec. 63.3510 What notifications must I submit?

(a) General. You must submit the notifications in Sec. Sec.
63.7(b) and (c), 63.8(f)(4), and 63.9(b) through (e) and (h) that apply
to you by the dates specified in those sections, except as provided in
paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(b) Initial notification. You must submit the Initial Notification
required by Sec. 63.9(b) for a new or reconstructed affected source no
later than 120 days after initial startup or 120 days after [date of
publication of final rule in the Federal Register], whichever is later.
For an existing affected source, you must submit the Initial
Notification no later than [date 1 year after date of publication of
final rule in the Federal Register].
(c) Notification of compliance status. You must submit the
Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.9(h) no later
than 30 calendar days following the end of the initial compliance
period described in Sec. Sec. 63.3540, 63.3550, 63.3560, or 63.3570
that applies to your affected source. The Notification of Compliance
Status must contain the information specified in paragraphs (c)(1)
through (9) of this section and in Sec. 63.9(h).
(1) Company name and address.
(2) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(3) Date of the report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the initial compliance period
described in Sec. Sec. 63.3540, 63.3550, 63.3560, or 63.3570 that
applies to your affected source.
(4) Identification of the compliance option or options specified in
Sec. 63.3491 that you used on each coating operation in the affected
source during the initial compliance period.
(5) Statement of whether or not the affected source achieved the
emission limitations for the initial compliance period.
(6) If you had a deviation, include the information in paragraphs
(c)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) A description of and statement of the cause of the deviation.
(ii) If you failed to meet the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.3490, include all the calculations you used to determine the
kilogram (kg) organic HAP emitted per liter of coating solids used. You
do not need to submit information provided by the materials suppliers
or manufacturers or test reports.
(7) For each of the data items listed in paragraphs (c)(7)(i)
through (iv) of this section that is required by the compliance
option(s) you used to demonstrate compliance with the emission limit,
include an example of how you determined the value, including
calculations and supporting data. Supporting data can include a copy of
the information provided by the supplier or manufacturer of the example
coating or material or a summary of the results of testing conducted
according to Sec. 63.3541(a), (b), or (c). You do not need to submit
copies of any test reports.
(i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating and for one
thinner.
(ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating.
(iii) Density for one coating and one thinner, except that if you
use the compliant material option, only the example coating density is
required.
(iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP
contained in the waste materials for which you are claiming an
allowance in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.3551.
(8) The calculation of kg organic HAP emitted per liter of coating
solids used for the compliance option(s) you used, as specified in
paragraphs (c)(8)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) For the compliant material option, provide an example
calculation of the organic HAP content for one coating, using Equation
1 of Sec. 63.3541.
(ii) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, provide
the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for each
month, the calculation of the total volume of coating solids used each
month, and the calculation of the 12-month organic HAP emission rate,
using Equations 1, 1A through 1C, 2, and 3, respectively, of Sec.
63.3551.
(iii) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, provide
the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the
coatings and thinners used each month, using Equations 1 and 1A through
1C of Sec. 63.3551; the calculation of the total volume of coating
solids used each month, using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.3551; the
calculation of the mass of organic HAP emission reduction each month by
emission capture systems and add-on control devices, using Equations 1
and 1A through 1D of Sec. 63.3561, and Equations 2, 3, and 3A through
3C of Sec. 63.3561, as applicable; the calculation of the total mass
of organic HAP emissions each month, using Equation 4 of Sec. 63.3561,
as applicable; and the calculation of the 12-month organic HAP emission
rate, using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.3561.
(9) For the emission rate with add-on controls option or the
control efficiency/outlet concentration option, you must include the
information specified in paragraphs (c)(9)(i) through (iv) of this
section. The requirements in paragraphs (c)(9)(i) through (iii) of this
section do not apply to solvent recovery systems for which you conduct
liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.3561(j).
(i) For each emission capture system, a summary of the data and
copies of the calculations supporting the determination that the
emission capture system is a PTE or a measurement of the emission
capture system efficiency. Include a description of the protocol
followed for measuring capture efficiency, summaries of any capture
efficiency tests conducted, and any calculations supporting the capture
efficiency determination. If you use the data quality objective (DQO)
or lower confidence limit (LCL) approach, you must also include the
statistical calculations to show you meet the DQO or LCL criteria in
appendix A to subpart

[[Page 2135]]

KK of this part. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
(ii) A summary of the results of each add-on control device
performance test. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
(iii) A list of each emission capture system's and add-on control
device's operating limits and a summary of the data used to calculate
those limits.
(iv) A statement of whether or not you developed and implemented
the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.3493.

Sec. 63.3520 What reports must I submit?

(a) Semiannual compliance reports. You must submit semiannual
compliance reports for each affected source according to the
requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (7) of this section. The
semiannual compliance reporting requirements may be satisfied by
reports required under other parts of the Clean Air Act (CAA), as
specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(1) Dates. Unless the Administrator has approved a different
schedule for submission of reports under Sec. 63.10(a), you must
prepare and submit each semiannual compliance report according to the
dates specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
Note that the information reported for each of the months in the
reporting period will be based on the last 12 months of data prior to
the date of each monthly calculation.
(i) The first semiannual compliance report must cover the first
semiannual reporting period which begins the day after the end of the
initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.3540, Sec. 63.3550,
Sec. 63.3560, or Sec. 63.3570 that applies to your affected source
and ends on June 30 or December 31, whichever occurs first following
the end of the initial compliance period.
(ii) Each subsequent semiannual compliance report must cover the
subsequent semiannual reporting period from January 1 through June 30
or the semiannual reporting period from July 1 through December 31.
(iii) Each semiannual compliance report must be postmarked or
delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date is the
first date following the end of the semiannual reporting period.
(iv) For each affected source that is subject to permitting
regulations pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, and if the
permitting authority has established dates for submitting semiannual
reports pursuant to 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR
71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), you may submit the first and subsequent compliance
reports according to the dates the permitting authority has established
instead of the date specified in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section.
(2) Inclusion with title V report. Each affected source that has
obtained a title V operating permit pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40
CFR part 71 must report all deviations as defined in this subpart in
the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A)
or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). If an affected source submits a
semiannual compliance report pursuant to this section along with, or as
part of, the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR
70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), and the semiannual
compliance report includes all required information concerning
deviations from any emission limitation in this subpart, its submission
will be deemed to satisfy any obligation to report the same deviations
in the semiannual monitoring report. However, submission of a
semiannual compliance report shall not otherwise affect any obligation
the affected source may have to report deviations from permit
requirements to the permitting authority.
(3) General requirements. The semiannual compliance report must
contain the information specified in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) through (v)
of this section and the information specified in paragraphs (a)(4)
through (7) and (c)(1) of this section that is applicable to your
affected source.
(i) Company name and address.
(ii) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(iii) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the 6-month period ending on
June 30 or December 31. Note that the information reported for each of
the 6 months in the reporting period will be based on the last 12
months of data prior to the date of each monthly calculation.
(iv) Identification of the compliance option or options specified
in Sec. 63.3491 that you used on each coating operation during the
reporting period. If you switched between compliance options during the
reporting period, you must report the beginning and ending dates you
used each option.
(v) If you used the emission rate without add-on controls or the
emission rate with add-on controls compliance option (Sec. 63.3491(b)
or (c)), the calculation results for each rolling 12-month organic HAP
emission rate during the 6-month reporting period.
(4) No deviations. If there were no deviations from the emission
limitations, operating limits, or work practice standards in Sec. Sec.
63.3490, 63.3492, and 63.3493 that apply to you, the semiannual
compliance report must include a statement that there were no
deviations from the emission limitations during the reporting period.
If you used the emission rate with add-on controls option or the
control efficiency/outlet concentration option and there were no
periods during which the continuous parameter monitoring systems (CPMS)
were out of control as specified in Sec. 63.8(c)(7), the semiannual
compliance report must include a statement that there were no periods
during which the CPMS were out of control during the reporting period.
(5) Deviations: compliant material option. If you used the
compliant material option and there was a deviation from the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.3490, the semiannual compliance report must
contain the information in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through (iv) of this
section.
(i) Identification of each coating used that deviated from the
emission limit, each thinner used that contained organic HAP, and the
dates and time periods each was used.
(ii) The calculation of the organic HAP content (using Equation 1
of Sec. 63.3541) for each coating identified in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of
this section. You do not need to submit background data supporting this
calculation, for example, information provided by coating suppliers or
manufacturers, or test reports.
(iii) The determination of mass fraction of organic HAP for each
coating and thinner identified in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section.
You do not need to submit background data supporting this calculation,
for example, information provided by material suppliers or
manufacturers, or test reports.
(iv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(6) Deviations: emission rate without add-on controls option. If
you used the emission rate without add-on controls option and there was
a deviation from the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490, the
semiannual compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs
(a)(6)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during
which the 12-month organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.3490.
(ii) The calculations used to determine the 12-month organic HAP
emission rate for the compliance period in which the deviation
occurred. You

[[Page 2136]]

must provide the calculations for Equations 1, 1A through 1C, 2, and 3
in Sec. 63.3551; and if applicable, the calculation used to determine
mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to Sec.
63.3551(e)(4). You do not need to submit background data supporting
these calculations, for example, information provided by materials
suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports.
(iii) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(7) Deviations: emission rate with add-on controls option. If you
used the emission rate with add-on controls option and there was a
deviation from an emission limitation (including any periods when
emissions bypassed the add-on control device and were diverted to the
atmosphere), the semiannual compliance report must contain the
information in paragraphs (a)(7)(i) through (xiv) of this section. That
includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction during which
deviations occurred.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during
which the 12-month organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.3490.
(ii) The calculations used to determine the 12-month organic HAP
emission rate for each compliance period in which a deviation occurred.
You must provide the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP
emissions for the coatings and thinners used each month, using
Equations 1 and 1A through 1C of Sec. 63.3551 and, if applicable, the
calculation used to determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials
according to Sec. 63.3551(e)(4); the calculation of the total volume
of coating solids used each month, using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.3551;
the calculation of the mass of organic HAP emission reduction each
month by emission capture systems and add-on control devices, using
Equations 1 and 1A through 1D of Sec. 63.3561, and Equations 2, 3, and
3A through 3C of Sec. 63.3561, as applicable; the calculation of the
total mass of organic HAP emissions each month, using Equation 4 of
Sec. 63.3561; and the calculation of the 12-month organic HAP emission
rate, using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.3561. You do not need to submit the
background data supporting these calculations (e.g., information
provided by materials suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
(iii) The date and time that each malfunction started and stopped.
(iv) A brief description of the CPMS.
(v) The date of the latest CPMS certification or audit.
(vi) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for
zero (low-level) and high-level checks.
(vii) The date, time, and duration that each CPMS was out of
control, including the information in Sec. 63.8(c)(8).
(viii) The date and time period of each deviation from an operating
limit in Table 4 to this subpart; date and time period of any bypass of
the add-on control device; and whether each deviation occurred during a
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period.
(ix) A summary of the total duration of each deviation from an
operating limit in Table 4 to this subpart and each bypass of the add-
on control device during the semiannual reporting period and the total
duration as a percent of the total source operating time during that
semiannual reporting period.
(x) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations from the
operating limits in Table 4 to this subpart and bypasses of the add-on
control device during the semiannual reporting period into those that
were due to startup, shutdown, control equipment problems, process
problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes.
(xi) A summary of the total duration of CPMS downtime during the
semiannual reporting period and the total duration of CPMS downtime as
a percent of the total source operating time during that semiannual
reporting period.
(xii) A description of any changes in the CPMS, coating operation,
emission capture system, or add-on control device since the last
semiannual reporting period.
(xiii) For each deviation from the work practice standards, a
description of the deviation; the date and time period of the
deviation; and the actions you took to correct the deviation.
(xiv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(8) Deviations: control efficiency/outlet concentration option. If
you used the control efficiency/outlet concentration option, and there
was a deviation from an emission limitation (including any periods when
emissions bypassed the add-on control device and were diverted to the
atmosphere), the semiannual compliance report must contain the
information in paragraphs (a)(8)(i) through (xii) of this section. This
includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction during which
deviations occurred.
(i) The date and time that each malfunction started and stopped.
(ii) A brief description of the CPMS.
(iii) The date of the latest certification or audit of the CPMS.
(iv) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for
zero (low-level) and high-level checks.
(v) The date, time, and duration that each CPMS was out-of-control,
including the information in Sec. 63.8(c)(8).
(vi) The date and time period of each deviation from an operating
limit in Table 4 of this subpart; date and time of any bypass of the
add-on control device; and whether each deviation occurred during a
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period.
(vii) A summary of the total duration of each deviation from an
operating limit in Table 4 of this subpart and each bypass of the add-
on control device during the semiannual reporting period and the total
duration as a percent of the total source operating time during that
semiannual reporting period.
(viii) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations from the
operating limits in Table 4 of this subpart and bypasses of the add-on
control device during the semiannual reporting period into those that
were due to startup, shutdown, control equipment problems, process
problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes.
(ix) A summary of the total duration of CPMS downtime during the
semiannual reporting period and the total duration of CPMS downtime as
a percent of the total source operating time during that semiannual
reporting period.
(x) A description of any changes in the CPMS, coating operation,
emission capture system, or add-on control device since the last
semiannual reporting period.
(xi) For each deviation from the work practice standards, a
description of the deviation; the date and time period of the
deviation; and the actions you took to correct the deviation.
(xii) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(b) Performance test reports. If you use the emission rate with
add-on controls option or the control efficiency/outlet concentration
option, you must submit reports of performance test results for
emission capture systems and add-on control devices no later than 60
days after completing the tests as specified in Sec. 63.10(d)(2).
(c) Startup, shutdown, malfunction reports. If you used the
emission rate with add-on controls option or the control efficiency/
outlet concentration option and you had a startup, shutdown, or
malfunction during the semiannual reporting period, you must

[[Page 2137]]

submit the reports specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) If your actions were consistent with your SSMP, you must
include the information specified in Sec. 63.10(d) in the semiannual
compliance report required by paragraph (a) of this section.
(2) If your actions were not consistent with your SSMP, you must
submit an immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report as
described in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) You must describe the actions taken during the event in a
report delivered by facsimile, telephone, or other means to the
Administrator within 2 working days after starting actions that are
inconsistent with the plan.
(ii) You must submit a letter to the Administrator within 7 working
days after the end of the event, unless you have made alternative
arrangements with the Administrator as specified in Sec.
63.10(d)(5)(ii). The letter must contain the information specified in
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(ii).

Sec. 63.3530 What records must I keep?

You must collect and keep records of the data and information
specified in this section. Failure to collect and keep the records is a
deviation from the applicable standard.
(a) A copy of each notification and report that you submitted to
comply with this subpart and the documentation supporting each
notification and report.
(b) A current copy of information provided by materials suppliers
or manufacturers, such as manufacturer's formulation data, or test data
used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each
coating and thinner and the volume fraction of coating solids for each
coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic
HAP, density, or volume fraction of coating solids, you must keep a
copy of the complete test report. If you use information provided to
you by the manufacturer or supplier of the material that was based on
testing, you must keep the summary sheet of results provided to you by
the manufacturer or supplier. You are not required to obtain the test
report or other supporting documentation from the manufacturer or
supplier.
(c) For each compliance period, the records specified in paragraphs
(c)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) A record of the coating operations at which you used each
compliance option and the time periods (beginning and ending dates and
times) you used each option.
(2) For the compliant material option, a record of the calculation
of the organic HAP content for each coating, using Equation 1 of Sec.
63.3541.
(3) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, a record
of the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the
coatings and thinners used each month, using Equations 1, 1A through
1C, and 2 of Sec. 63.3551 and, if applicable, the calculation used to
determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to Sec.
63.3551(e)(4); the calculation of the total volume of coating solids
used each month, using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.3551; and the calculation
of each 12-month organic HAP emission rate, using Equation 3 of Sec.
63.3551.
(4) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, records of
the calculations specified in paragraphs (c)(4)(i) through (v) of this
section.
(i) The calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for
the coatings and thinners used each month, using Equations 1 and 1A
through 1C of Sec. 63.3551 and, if applicable, the calculation used to
determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to Sec.
63.3551(e)(4).
(ii) The calculation of the total volume of coating solids used
each month, using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.3551.
(iii) The calculation of the mass of organic HAP emission reduction
by emission capture systems and add-on control devices, using Equations
1 and 1A through 1D of Sec. 63.3561, and Equations 2, 3, and 3A
through 3C of Sec. 63.3561, as applicable.
(iv) The calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions
each month, using Equation 4 of Sec. 63.3561.
(v) The calculation of each 12-month organic HAP emission rate,
using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.3561.
(5) For the control efficiency/outlet concentration option, records
of the measurements made by the CPMS used to demonstrate compliance.
For any coating operation(s) for which you use this option, you do not
have to keep the records specified in paragraphs (d) through (g) of
this section.
(d) A record of the name and volume of each coating and thinner
used during each compliance period.
(e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating
and thinner used during each compliance period.
(f) A record of the volume fraction of coating solids for each
coating used during each compliance period.
(g) A record of the density for each coating used during each
compliance period; and, if you use either the emission rate without
add-on controls or the emission rate with add-on controls compliance
option, the density for each thinner used during each compliance
period.
(h) If you use an allowance in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.3551 for
organic HAP contained in waste materials sent to or designated for
shipment to a treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF)
according to Sec. 63.3551(e)(4), you must keep records of the
information specified in paragraphs (h)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) The name and address of each TSDF to which you sent waste
materials for which you use an allowance in Equation 1 of Sec.
63.3551, a statement of which subparts under 40 CFR parts 262, 264,
265, and 266 apply to the facility and the date of each shipment.
(2) Identification of the coating operations producing waste
materials included in each shipment and the month or months in which
you used the allowance for these materials in Equation 1 of Sec.
63.3551.
(3) The methodology used in accordance with Sec. 63.3551(e)(4) to
determine the total amount of waste materials sent to or the amount
collected, stored, and designated for transport to a TSDF each month
and the methodology to determine the mass of organic HAP contained in
these waste materials. That must include the sources for all data used
in the determination, methods used to generate the data, frequency of
testing or monitoring, and supporting calculations and documentation,
including the waste manifest for each shipment.
(i) [Reserved]
(j) You must keep records of the date, time, and duration of each
deviation.
(k) If you use the emission rate with add-on controls option or the
control efficiency/outlet concentration option, you must keep the
records specified in paragraphs (k)(1) through (8) of this section.
(1) For each deviation, a record of whether the deviation occurred
during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
(2) The records in Sec. 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to
startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
(3) The records required to show continuous compliance with each
operating limit specified in Table 4 to this subpart that applies to
you.
(4) For each capture system that is a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to support a determination that the capture
system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51
for a PTE and has a capture

[[Page 2138]]

efficiency of 100 percent, as specified in Sec. 63.3565(a).
(5) For each capture system that is not a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to determine capture efficiency according to the
requirements specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3564 and 63.3565(b) through (e)
including the records specified in paragraphs (k)(5)(i) through (iii)
of this section that apply to you.
(i) Records for a liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol using a
temporary total enclosure or building enclosure. Records of the mass of
total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) as measured by Method 204A or F of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for each material used in the coating
operation and the total TVH for all materials used during each capture
efficiency test run including a copy of the test report. Records of the
mass of TVH emissions not captured by the capture system that exited
the temporary total enclosure (TTE) or building enclosure during each
capture efficiency test run, as measured by Method 204D or E of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51, including a copy of the test report.
Records documenting that the enclosure used for the capture efficiency
test met the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for
either a TTE or a building enclosure.
(ii) Records for a gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or a building enclosure. Records of the mass of TVH emissions
captured by the emission capture system as measured by Method 204B or C
of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 at the inlet to the add-on control
device including a copy of the test report. Records of the mass of TVH
emissions not captured by the capture system that exited the TTE or
building enclosure during each capture efficiency test run as measured
by Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 including a copy of
the test report. Records documenting that the enclosure used for the
capture efficiency test met the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to
40 CFR part 51 for either a TTE or a building enclosure.
(iii) Records for an alternative protocol. Records needed to
document a capture efficiency determination using an alternative method
or protocol as specified in Sec. 63.3565(e) if applicable.
(6) The records specified in paragraphs (k)(6)(i) and (ii) of this
section for each add-on control device organic HAP destruction or
removal efficiency determination as specified in Sec. 63.3566 or Sec.
63.3576.
(i) Records of each add-on control device performance test
conducted according to Sec. 63.3564 or Sec. 63.3574 and Sec. 63.3566
or Sec. 63.3576.
(ii) Records of the coating operation conditions during the add-on
control device performance test showing that the performance test was
conducted under representative operating conditions.
(7) Records of the data and calculations you used to establish the
emission capture and add-on control device operating limits as
specified in Sec. 63.3567 or Sec. 63.3577 and to document compliance
with the operating limits as specified in Table 4 to this subpart.
(8) A record of the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.3493
and documentation that you are implementing the plan on a continuous
basis.

Sec. 63.3531 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?

(a) Your records must be kept in a form suitable and readily
available for expeditious review, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). Where
appropriate, the records may be maintained as electronic spreadsheets
or as a database.
(b) As specified in Sec. 63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record
for 5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement,
maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
(c) You must keep each record on site for at least 2 years after
the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective
action, report, or record, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). You may keep
the records off site for the remaining 3 years.

Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option

Sec. 63.3540 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?

You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements in Sec.
63.3541. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3483 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. The initial compliance demonstration includes the
calculations according to Sec. 63.3541 and supporting documentation
showing that, during the initial compliance period, you used no coating
with an organic HAP content that exceeded the applicable emission limit
in Sec. 63.3490 and that you used no thinners that contained organic
HAP.

Sec. 63.3541 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limitations?

You may use the compliant material option for any individual
coating operation, for any group of coating operations within a
subcategory or coating type segment, or for all the coating operations
within a subcategory or coating type segment. You must use either the
emission rate without add-on controls option, the emission rate with
add-on controls option, or the control efficiency/outlet concentration
option for any coating operation in the affected source for which you
do not use that option. To demonstrate initial compliance using the
compliant material option, the coating operation or group of coating
operations must use no coating with an organic HAP content that exceeds
the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490 and must use no thinner
that contains organic HAP as determined according to this section. Any
coating operation for which you use the compliant material option is
not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards
required in Sec. Sec. 63.3492 and 63.3493, respectively. You must
conduct a separate initial compliance demonstration for each one and
two-piece draw and iron can body coating, sheet coating, three-piece
can body assembly coating, and end lining affected source. You must
meet all the requirements of this section for the coating operation or
group of coating operations using this option. Use the procedures in
this section on each coating and thinner in the condition it is in when
it is received from its manufacturer or supplier and prior to any
alteration (e.g., mixing or thinning). Do not include any coatings or
thinners used on coating operations for which you use the emission rate
without add-on controls option, the emission rate with add-on controls
option, or the control efficiency/outlet concentration option. You do
not need to redetermine the HAP content of coatings or thinners that
have been reclaimed onsite and reused in the coating operation(s) for
which you use the compliant material option, provided these materials
in their condition as received were demonstrated to comply with the
compliant material option.
(a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material
used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each
coating and thinner used during the compliance period by using one of
the options in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Method 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method
311 for determining the mass fraction of

[[Page 2139]]

organic HAP. Use the procedures specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and
(ii) of this section when performing a Method 311 test.
(i) Count each organic HAP that is measured to be present at 0.1
percent by mass or more for Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR
1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0 percent by mass or more for other compounds.
For example, if toluene (not an OSHA carcinogen) is measured to be 0.5
percent of the material by mass, you do not have to count it. Express
the mass fraction of each organic HAP you count as a value truncated to
four places after the decimal point (for example, 0.3791).
(ii) Calculate the total mass fraction of organic HAP in the test
material by adding up the individual organic HAP mass fractions and
truncating the result to three places after the decimal point (for
example, 0.763).
(2) Method 24 (Appendix A to 40 CFR Part 60). For coatings, you may
use Method 24 to determine the mass fraction of nonaqueous volatile
matter and use that value as a substitute for mass fraction of organic
HAP.
(3) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method for
determining the mass fraction of organic HAP once the Administrator has
approved it. You must follow the procedure in Sec. 63.7(f) to submit
an alternative test method for approval.
(4) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may rely on information other than that generated by the test
methods specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section,
such as manufacturer's formulation data, if it represents each organic
HAP that is present at 0.1 percent by mass or more for OSHA-defined
carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0 percent
by mass or more for other compounds. For example, if toluene (not an
OSHA carcinogen) is 0.5 percent of the material by mass, you do not
have to count it. If there is a disagreement between such information
and results of a test conducted according to paragraphs (a)(1) through
(3) of this section, then the test method results will take precedence.
(5) Solvent blends. Solvent blends may be listed as single
components for some materials in data provided by manufacturers or
suppliers. Solvent blends may contain organic HAP which must be counted
toward the total organic HAP mass fraction of the materials. When test
data and manufacturer's data for solvent blends are not available, you
may use the default values for the mass fraction of organic HAP in
those solvent blends listed in Table 6 or 7 to this subpart. If you use
the tables, you must use the values in Table 6 to this subpart for all
solvent blends that match Table 6 entries, and you may only use Table 7
to this subpart if the solvent blends in the materials you use do not
match any of the solvent blends in Table 6 and you only know whether
the blend is aliphatic or aromatic. However, if the results of a Method
311 (40 CFR part 63, appendix A) test indicate higher values than those
listed on Table 6 or 7 to this subpart, the Method 311 (40 CFR part 63,
appendix A) results will take precedence.
(b) Determine the volume fraction of coating solids for each
coating. You must determine the volume fraction of coating solids
(liters of coating solids per liter of coating) for each coating used
during the compliance period by a test or by information provided by
the supplier or the manufacturer of the material as specified in
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section. If test results obtained
according to paragraph (b)(1) of this section do not agree with the
information obtained under paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the test
results will take precedence.
(1) ASTM Method D2697-86 (Reapproved 1998) or D6093-97. You may use
ASTM Method D2697-86 (Reapproved 1998) or D6093-97 to determine the
volume fraction of coating solids for each coating. Divide the
nonvolatile volume percent obtained with the methods by 100 to
calculate volume fraction of coating solids.
(2) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may obtain the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating
from the supplier or manufacturer.
(c) Determine the density of each coating. Determine the density of
each coating used during the compliance period from test results using
ASTM Method D1475-98 or information from the supplier or manufacturer
of the material. If there is disagreement between ASTM Method D1475-98
test results and the supplier's or manufacturer's information, the test
results will take precedence.
(d) Calculate the organic HAP content of each coating. Calculate
the organic HAP content, kg organic HAP per liter coating solids, of
each coating used during the compliance period, using Equation 1 of
this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.000

Where:

H_c = organic HAP content of the coating, kg organic HAP per
liter coating solids.
D_c = density of coating, kg coating per liter coating,
determined according to paragraph (c) of this section.
W_c = mass fraction of organic HAP in the coating, kg organic
HAP per kg coating, determined according to paragraph (a) of this
section.
V_s = volume fraction of coating solids, liter coating solids
per liter coating, determined according to paragraph (b) of this
section.

(e) Compliance demonstration. The organic HAP content for each
coating used during the initial compliance period, determined using
Equation 1 of this section, must be less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490 and each thinner used during
the initial compliance period must contain no organic HAP, determined
according to paragraph (a) of this section. You must keep all records
required by Sec. Sec. 63.3530 and 63.3531. As part of the Notification
of Compliance Status required in Sec. 63.3510, you must identify the
coating operation(s) for which you used the compliant material option
and submit a statement that the coating operation(s) was (were) in
compliance with the emission limitations during the initial compliance
period because you used no coatings for which the organic HAP content
exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490 and you used no
thinners that contained organic HAP, determined according to paragraph
(a) of this section.

Sec. 63.3542 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

(a) For each compliance period, to demonstrate continuous
compliance, you must use no coating for which the organic HAP content,
determined using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.3541, exceeds the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.3490 and use no thinner that contains
organic HAP, determined according to Sec. 63.3541(a). A compliance
period consists of 12 months. Each month after the end of the initial
compliance period described in Sec. 63.3540 is the end of a compliance
period consisting of that month and the preceding 11 months.
(b) If you choose to comply with the emission limitations by using
the compliant material option, the use of any coating or thinner that
does not meet the criteria specified in paragraph (a) of this section
is a deviation from the emission limitations that must be reported as
specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3510(b)(6) and 63.3520(a)(5).

[[Page 2140]]

(c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by Sec.
63.3520, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you used
the compliant material option. If there were no deviations from the
emission limitations in Sec. 63.3490, submit a statement that the
coating operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission
limitations during the reporting period because you used no coating for
which the organic HAP content exceeded the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.3490 and you used no thinner or cleaning material that
contained organic HAP, determined according to Sec. 63.3541(a).
(d) You must maintain records as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3530
and 63.3531.

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On Controls
Option

Sec. 63.3550 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?

You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.3551. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3483 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and
volume of coating solids used each month and then calculate a 12-month
organic HAP emission rate at the end of the initial 12-month compliance
period. The initial compliance demonstration includes the calculations
according to Sec. 63.3551 and supporting documentation showing that,
during the initial compliance period, the organic HAP emission rate was
equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490.

Sec. 63.3551 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limitations?

You may use the emission rate without add-on controls option for
any coating operation, for any group of coating operations within a
subcategory or coating type segment, or for all of the coating
operations within a subcategory or coating type segment. You must use
either the compliant material option, the emission rate with add-on
controls option, or the control efficiency/outlet concentration option
for any coating operation in the affected source for which you do not
use this option. If you use the alternative overall emission limit for
a subcategory according to paragraph (i) of this section to demonstrate
compliance, however, you must include all coating operations in all
coating type segments in the subcategory to determine compliance with
the overall limit. To demonstrate initial compliance using the emission
rate without add-on controls option, the coating operation or group of
coating operations must meet the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.3490, but is not required to meet the operating limits or work
practice standards in Sec. Sec. 63.3492 and 63.3493, respectively. You
must conduct a separate initial compliance demonstration for each one
and two-piece draw and iron can body coating, sheet coating, three-
piece can body assembly coating, and end lining affected source. You
must meet all the requirements of this section to demonstrate initial
compliance with the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490 for the
coating operation(s). When calculating the organic HAP emission rate
according to this section, do not include any coatings or thinners used
on coating operations for which you use the compliant material option,
the emission rate with add-on controls option, or the control
efficiency/outlet concentration option or coating operations in a
different affected source in a different subcategory. Use the
procedures in this section on each coating and thinner in the condition
it is in when it is received from its manufacturer or supplier and
prior to any alteration (e.g., mixing or thinning). You do not need to
redetermine the mass of organic HAP in coatings or thinners that have
been reclaimed onsite and reused in the coating operation(s) for which
you use the emission rate without add-on controls option.
(a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material.
Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating and thinner
used during each month according to the requirements in Sec.
63.3541(a).
(b) Determine the volume fraction of coating solids for each
coating. Determine the volume fraction of coating solids for each
coating used during each month according to the requirements in Sec.
63.3541(b).
(c) Determine the density of each material. Determine the density
of each coating and thinner used during each month from test results
using ASTM Method D1475-98, information from the supplier or
manufacturer of the material, or reference sources providing density or
specific gravity data for pure materials. If there is disagreement
between ASTM Method D1475-98 test results and such other information
sources, the test results will take precedence.
(d) Determine the volume of each material used. Determine the
volume (liters) of each coating and thinner used during each month by
measurement or usage records.
(e) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions. The mass of
organic HAP emissions is the combined mass of organic HAP contained in
all coatings and thinners used during each month minus the organic HAP
in certain waste materials. Calculate it using Equation 1 of this
section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.001

Where:

H_e = total mass of organic HAP emissions during the month,
kg.
A = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month,
kg, as calculated in Equation 1A of this section.
B = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used during the month,
kg, as calculated in Equation 1B of this section.
R_w = total mass of organic HAP in waste materials sent or
designated for shipment to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment or
disposal during the month, kg, determined according to paragraph (e)(4)
of this section. (You may assign a value of zero to R_w if
you do not wish to use this allowance.)

(1) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during
the month, using Equation 1A of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.002

Where:

A = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month,
kg.
Vol_c,i = total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
D_c,i = density of coating, i, kg coating per liter coating.
W_c,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg
organic HAP per kg coating.
m = number of different coatings used during the month.

(2) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners used during
the month using Equation 1B of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.003

Where:

B = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used during the month,
kg.
Vol_t,j = total volume of thinner, j, used during the month,
liters.

[[Page 2141]]

D_t,j = density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
W_t,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg
organic HAP per kg thinner.
n = number of different thinners used during the month.

(3) If you choose to account for the mass of organic HAP contained
in waste materials sent or designated for shipment to a hazardous waste
TSDF in Equation 1 of this section, then you must determine it
according to paragraphs (e)(3)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) You may include in the determination only waste materials that
are generated by coating operations for which you use Equation 1 of
this section and that will be treated or disposed of by a facility
regulated as a TSDF under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266. The TSDF
may be either off-site or on-site. You may not include organic HAP
contained in wastewater.
(ii) You must determine either the amount of the waste materials
sent to a TSDF during the month or the amount collected and stored
during the month and designated for future transport to a TSDF. Do not
include in your determination any waste materials sent to a TSDF during
a month if you have already included them in the amount collected and
stored during that month or a previous month.
(iii) Determine the total mass of organic HAP contained in the
waste materials specified in paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section.
(iv) You must document the methodology you used to determine the
amount of waste materials and the total mass of organic HAP they
contain as required in Sec. 63.3530(h). To the extent that waste
manifests include this information, they may be used as part of the
documentation of the amount of waste materials and mass of organic HAP
contained in them.
(f) Calculate the total volume of coating solids used. Determine
the total volume of coating solids used which is the combined volume of
coating solids for all the coatings used during each month, using
Equation 2 of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.004

Where:

V_st = total volume of coating solids used during the month,
liters.
Vol_c,i = total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
V_s,i = volume fraction of coating solids for coating, i,
liter solids per liter coating, determined according to Sec.
63.3541(b).
m = number of coatings used during the month.

(g) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate. Calculate the organic
HAP emission rate for the 12-month compliance period, kg organic HAP
per liter coating solids used, using Equation 3 of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.005

Where:

H_yr = organic HAP emission rate for the 12-month compliance
period, kg organic HAP per liter coating solids.
H_e = total mass of organic HAP emissions, kg, from all
materials used during month, y, as calculated by Equation 1 of this
section.
V_st = total volume of coating solids, liters, used during
month, y, as calculated by Equation 2 of this section.
y = identifier for months.

(h) Compliance demonstration. The organic HAP emission rate for the
initial 12-month compliance period, H_yr, must be less than
or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490. You must
keep all records as required by Sec. Sec. 63.3530 and 63.3531. As part
of the Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.3510, you
must identify the coating operation(s) for which you used the emission
rate without add-on controls option and submit a statement that the
coating operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission
limitations during the initial compliance period because the organic
HAP emission rate was less than or equal to the applicable emission
limit in Sec. 63.3490, determined according to this section.
(i) Alternative calculation of overall subcategory emission limit
(OSEL). Alternatively, if your affected source applies coatings in more
than one coating type segment within a subcategory, you may calculate
an overall HAP emission limit for the subcategory using Equation 4 of
this section. If you use this approach, you must limit organic HAP
emissions to the atmosphere to the OSEL specified by Equation 4 of this
section during each 12-month compliance period.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.006

Where:

OSEL = total allowable organic HAP in kg HAP/liter coating solids
(pound (lb) HAP/gal solids) that can be emitted to the atmosphere from
all coating type segments in the subcategory.
L_i = HAP emission limit for coating type segment i from
Table 1 for a new or reconstructed source or Table 2 for an existing
source, kg HAP/liter coating solids (lb HAP/gal solids).
V_i = total volume of coating solids in liters (gal) for all
coatings in coating type segment i used during the 12-month compliance
period.
n = number of coating type segments within one subcategory being used
at the affected source.

You must use the OSEL determined by Equation 4 throughout the 12-
month compliance period and may not switch between compliance with
individual coating type limits and an OSEL. You may not include
coatings in different subcategories in determining your OSEL by this
approach. You must keep all records as required by Sec. Sec. 63.3530
and 63.3531. As part of the Notification of Compliance Status required
by Sec. 63.3510, you must identify the subcategory for which you used
a calculated OSEL and submit a statement that the coating operation(s)
was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations during the
initial compliance period because the organic HAP emission rate for the
subcategory was less than or equal to the OSEL determined according to
this section.

Sec. 63.3552 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance, the organic HAP emission
rate for each compliance period, determined according to Sec.
63.3551(a) through (g), must be less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.3490. Alternatively, if you calculate an
OSEL for all coating type segments within a subcategory according to
Sec. 63.3551(i), the organic HAP emission rate for the subcategory for
each compliance period must be less than or equal to the calculated
OSEL. You must use the calculated OSEL throughout each compliance
period. A compliance period consists of 12 months. Each month after the
end of the initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.3550 is the
end of a compliance period consisting of that month and the preceding
11 months. You must perform the calculations in Sec. 63.4551(a)
through (g) on a monthly basis using data from the previous 12 months
of operation.

[[Page 2142]]

(b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 12-month compliance
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490 or the
OSEL calculated according to Sec. 63.3551(i), this is a deviation from
the emission limitations for that compliance period and must be
reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3510(c)(6) and 63.3520(a)(6).
(c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by Sec.
63.3520, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you used
the emission rate without add-on controls option. If there were no
deviations from the emission limitations, you must submit a statement
that the coating operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the
emission limitations during the reporting period because the organic
HAP emission rate for each compliance period was less than or equal to
the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490 determined according to
Sec. 63.3551(a) through (g), or using the OSEL calculated according to
Sec. 63.3551(i).
(d) You must maintain records as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3530
and 63.3531.

Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls
Option

Sec. 63.3560 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?

(a) New and reconstructed affected sources. For a new or
reconstructed affected source, you must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.3483. Except for solvent recovery systems
for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.3561(j), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to Sec. Sec. 63.3564,
63.3565, and 63.3566 and establish the operating limits required by
Sec. 63.3492 no later than 180 days after the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.3483. For a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec.
63.3561(j), you must initiate the first material balance no later than
the applicable compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3483.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.3493 no later than the compliance date specified
in Sec. 63.3483.
(3) You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.3561. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3483 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and
volume of coating solids used each month and then calculate a 12-month
organic HAP emission rate at the end of the initial 12-month compliance
period. The initial compliance demonstration includes the results of
emission capture system and add-on control device performance tests
conducted according to Sec. Sec. 63.3564, 63.3565, and 63.3566,
results of liquid-liquid material balances conducted according to Sec.
63.3561(j), calculations according to Sec. 63.3561 and supporting
documentation showing that, during the initial compliance period, the
organic HAP emission rate was equal to or less than the emission limit
in Sec. 63.3490(a), the operating limits established during the
performance tests and the results of the continuous parameter
monitoring required by Sec. 63.3568, and documentation of whether you
developed and implemented the work practice plan required by Sec.
63.3493.
(4) You do not need to comply with the operating limits for the
emission capture system and add-on control device required by Sec.
63.3492 until after you have completed the performance tests specified
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Instead, you must maintain a log
detailing the operation and maintenance of the emission capture system,
add-on control device, and continuous parameter monitors during the
period between the compliance date and the performance test. You must
begin complying with the operating limits for your affected source on
the date you complete the performance tests specified in paragraph
(a)(1) of this section. The requirements in this paragraph do not apply
to solvent recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-liquid
material balances according to the requirements in Sec. 63.3561(j).
(b) Existing affected sources. For an existing affected source, you
must meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.3483. Except for solvent recovery systems
for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.3561(j), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in
Sec. Sec. 63.3564, 63.3565, and 63.3566 and establish the operating
limits required by Sec. 63.3492 no later than the compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.3483. For a solvent recovery system for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.3561(j),
you must initiate the first material balance no later than the
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3483.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.3493 no later than the compliance date specified
in Sec. 63.3483.
(3) You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.3561. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3483 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and
volume of coating solids used each month and then calculate a 12-month
organic HAP emission rate at the end of the initial 12-month compliance
period. The initial compliance demonstration includes the results of
emission capture system and add-on control device performance tests
conducted according to Sec. Sec. 63.3564, 63.3565, and 63.3566,
results of liquid-liquid material balances conducted according to Sec.
63.3561(j), calculations according to Sec. 63.3561 and supporting
documentation showing that during the initial compliance period the
organic HAP emission rate was equal to or less than the emission limit
in Sec. 63.3490(b), the operating limits established during the
performance tests and the results of the continuous parameter
monitoring required by Sec. 63.3568, and documentation of whether you
developed and implemented the work practice plan required by Sec.
63.3493.

Sec. 63.3561 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

(a) You may use the emission rate with add-on controls option for
any coating operation, for any group of coating operations within a
subcategory or coating type segment, or for all of the coating
operations within a subcategory or coating type segment. You may
include both controlled and uncontrolled coating operations in a group
for which you use this option. You must use either the compliant
material option, the emission rate

[[Page 2143]]

without add-on controls option, or the control efficiency/outlet
concentration option for any coating operation in the affected source
for which you do not use the emission rate with add-on controls option.
To demonstrate initial compliance, the coating operation(s) for which
you use the emission rate with add-on controls option must meet the
applicable emission limitations in Sec. 63.3490. You must conduct a
separate initial compliance demonstration for each one and two-piece
draw and iron can body coating, sheet coating, three-piece can body
assembly coating, and end lining affected source. You must meet all the
requirements of this section to demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limitations. When calculating the organic HAP emission rate
according to this section, do not include any coatings or thinners used
on coating operations for which you use the compliant material option,
the emission rate without add-on controls option, or the control
efficiency/outlet concentration option. You do not need to redetermine
the mass of organic HAP in coatings or thinners that have been
reclaimed on-site and reused in the coating operation(s) for which you
use the emission rate with add-on controls option.
(b) Compliance with operating limits. Except as provided in Sec.
63.3560(a)(4) and except for solvent recovery systems for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to the requirements
of Sec. 63.3561(j), you must establish and demonstrate continuous
compliance during the initial compliance period with the operating
limits required by Sec. 63.3492 using the procedures specified in
Sec. Sec. 63.3567 and 63.3568.
(c) Compliance with work practice requirements. You must develop,
implement, and document your implementation of the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.3493 during the initial compliance period, as
specified in Sec. 63.3530.
(d) Compliance with emission limits. You must follow the procedures
in paragraphs (e) through (n) of this section to demonstrate compliance
with the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490.
(e) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP, density, volume
used, and volume fraction of coating solids. Follow the procedures
specified in Sec. 63.3551(a) through (d) to determine the mass
fraction of organic HAP, density, and volume of each coating and
thinner used during each month and the volume fraction of coating
solids for each coating used during each month.
(f) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls. Using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.3551, calculate the total mass
of organic HAP emissions before add-on controls from all coatings and
thinners used during each month in the coating operation or group of
coating operations for which you use the emission rate with add-on
controls option.
(g) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation. Determine the mass of organic HAP
emissions reduced for each controlled coating operation during each
month. The emission reduction determination quantifies the total
organic HAP emissions that pass through the emission capture system and
are destroyed or removed by the add-on control device. Use the
procedures in paragraph (h) of this section to calculate the mass of
organic HAP emission reduction for each controlled coating operation
using an emission capture system and add-on control device other than a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material
balances. For each controlled coating operation using a solvent
recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance,
use the procedures in paragraph (j) of this section to calculate the
organic HAP emission reduction.
(h) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation not using liquid-liquid material balances.
For each controlled coating operation using an emission capture system
and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate the
organic HAP emission reduction, using Equation 1 of this section. The
calculation applies the emission capture system efficiency and add-on
control device efficiency to the mass of organic HAP contained in the
coatings and thinners that are used in the coating operation served by
the emission capture system and add-on control device during each
month. Equation 1 of this section accounts for any period of time a
deviation specified in Sec. 63.3563(c) or (d) occurs in the controlled
coating operation, including a deviation during a period of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction during which you must assume zero efficiency
for the emission capture system and add-on control device.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.007

Where:

H_C = mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
A_C = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg, as calculated in
Equation 1A of this section.
B_C = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg, as calculated in
Equation 1B of this section.
R_W = total mass of organic HAP in waste materials sent or
designated for shipment to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment or
disposal during the month, kg, determined according to Sec.
63.3551(e)(4).
CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures
specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3564 and 63.3565 to measure and record
capture efficiency.
DRE = organic HAP destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures in
Sec. Sec. 63.3564 and 63.3566 to measure and record the organic HAP
destruction or removal efficiency.
T_op = total time period of operation of controlled coating
operation during the month, hours.
T_dev = total time period of deviations for controlled
coating operation during the month, hours.

(1) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation, kg, using Equation 1A of this section.

[[Page 2144]]

[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.008

Where:

A_C = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
Vol_c,i = total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
D_c,i = density of coating, i, kg per liter.
W_c,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg per
kg.
m = number of different coatings used.

(2) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation, kg, using Equation 1B of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.009

Where:

B_C = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
Vol_t,j = total volume of thinner, j, used during the month,
liters.
D_t,j = density of thinner, j, kg per liter thinner.
W_t,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg
organic HAP per kg thinner.
n = number of different thinners used.

(i) [Reserved]
(j) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation using liquid-liquid material balances. For
each controlled coating operation using a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate the
organic HAP emission reduction by applying the volatile organic matter
collection and recovery efficiency to the mass of organic HAP contained
in the coatings and thinners that are used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during each month. Perform a
liquid-liquid material balance for each month as specified in
paragraphs (j)(1) through (6) of this section. Calculate the mass of
organic HAP emission reduction by the solvent recovery system as
specified in paragraph (j)(7) of this section.
(1) For each solvent recovery system, install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device
that indicates the cumulative amount of volatile organic matter
recovered by the solvent recovery system each month. The device must be
initially certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within +/-
2.0 percent of the mass of volatile organic matter recovered.
(2) For each solvent recovery system, determine the mass of
volatile organic matter recovered for the month, kg, based on
measurement with the device required in paragraph (j)(1) of this
section.
(3) Determine the mass fraction of volatile organic matter for each
coating and thinner used in the coating operation controlled by the
solvent recovery system during the month, kg volatile organic matter
per kg coating. You may determine the volatile organic matter mass
fraction using Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or an EPA
approved alternative method, or you may use information provided by the
manufacturer or supplier of the coating. In the event of any
inconsistency between information provided by the manufacturer or
supplier and the results of Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or
an approved alternative method, the test method results will govern.
(4) Determine the density of each coating and thinner used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, kg per liter, according to Sec. 63.3551(c).
(5) Measure the volume of each coating, thinner, and cleaning
material used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent
recovery system during the month, liters.
(6) Each month, calculate the solvent recovery system's volatile
organic matter collection and recovery efficiency, using Equation 2 of
this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.010

Where:

R_V = volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system during the month, percent.
M_VR = mass of volatile organic matter recovered by the
solvent recovery system during the month, kg.
Vol_i = volume of coating, i, used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, liters.
D_i = density of coating, i, kg per liter.
WV_c,i = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
coating, i, kg volatile organic matter per kg coating.
Vol_j = volume of thinner, j, used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, liters.
D_j = density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
WV_t,j = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
thinner, j, kg volatile organic matter per kg thinner.
m = number of different coatings used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month.
n = number of different thinners used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month.

(7) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, using Equation 3 of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.011

[[Page 2145]]

Where:

H_CSR = mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system using a
liquid-liquid material balance during the month, kg.
A_CSR = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg,
calculated using Equation 3A of this section.
B_CSR = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg,
calculated using Equation 3B of this section.
R_V = volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system, percent, from Equation 2 of
this section.

(i) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg, using
Equation 3A of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.012

Where:

A_CSR = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, kg.
Vol_c,i = total volume of coating, i, used during the month
in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system,
liters.
D_c,i = density of coating, i, kg per liter.
W_c,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg per
kg.
m = number of different coatings used.

(ii) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, using
Equation 3B of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.013

Where:

B_CSR = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, kg.
Vol_t,j = total volume of thinner, j, used during the month
in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system,
liters.
D_t,j = density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
W_t,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg per
kg.
n = number of different thinners used.

(k) Calculate the total volume of coating solids used. Determine
the total volume of coating solids used which is the combined volume of
coating solids for all the coatings used during each month in the
coating operation or group of coating operations for which you use the
emission rate with add-on controls option, using Equation 2 of Sec.
63.3551.
(l) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions for each month.
Determine the mass of organic HAP emissions during each month, using
Equation 4 of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.014

Where:

H_HAP = total mass of organic HAP emissions for the month,
kg.
H_e = total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls from all the coatings and thinners used during the month, kg,
determined according to paragraph (f) of this section.
H_C,i = total mass of organic HAP emission reduction for
controlled coating operation, i, not using a liquid-liquid material
balance, during the month, kg, from Equation 1 of this section.
H_CSR,j = total mass of organic HAP emission reduction for
coating operation, j, controlled by a solvent recovery system using a
liquid-liquid material balance, during the month, kg, from Equation 3
of this section.
q = number of controlled coating operations not using a liquid-liquid
material balance.
r = number of coating operations controlled by a solvent recovery
system using a liquid-liquid material balance.

(m) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate for the 12-month
compliance period. Determine the organic HAP emission rate for the 12-
month compliance period, kg organic HAP per liter coating solids used,
using Equation 5 of this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.015

Where:

H_annual = organic HAP emission rate for the 12-month
compliance period, kg organic HAP per liter coating solids.
H_HAP,y = organic HAP emission rate for month, y, determined
according to Equation 4 of this section.
V_st,y = total volume of coating solids used during month, y,
liters, from Equation 2 of Sec. 63.3551.
y = identifier for months.

(n) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance
with the emission limit, the organic HAP emission rate, calculated
using Equation 5 of this section, must be less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490. You must keep all records
as required by Sec. Sec. 63.3530 and 63.3531. As part of the
Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.3510, you must
identify the coating operation(s) for which you used the emission rate
with

[[Page 2146]]

add-on controls option and submit a statement that the coating
operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations
during the initial compliance period because the organic HAP emission
rate was less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.3490 and you achieved the operating limits required by Sec. 63.3492
and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.3493.

Sec. 63.3562 [Reserved]

Sec. 63.3563 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.3490, the organic HAP emission rate for each
compliance period, determined according to the procedures in Sec.
63.3561, must be equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.3490. A compliance period consists of 12 months. Each month
after the end of the initial compliance period described in Sec.
63.3560 is the end of a compliance period consisting of that month and
the preceding 11 months. You must perform the calculations in Sec.
63.3561 on a monthly basis using data from the previous 12 months of
operation.
(b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 12-month compliance
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3490, that is
a deviation from the emission limitation for that compliance period and
must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3510(b)(6) and
63.3520(a)(7).
(c) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each operating
limit required by Sec. 63.3492 that applies to you as specified in
Table 4 to this subpart.
(1) If an operating parameter is out of the allowed range specified
in Table 4 to this subpart, this is a deviation from the operating
limit that must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3510(b)(6)
and 63.3520(a)(7).
(2) If an operating parameter deviates from the operating limit
specified in Table 4 to this subpart, then you must assume that the
emission capture system and add-on control device were achieving zero
efficiency during the time period of the deviation. For the purposes of
completing the compliance calculations specified in Sec. 63.3561(h),
you must treat the materials used during a deviation on a controlled
coating operation as if they were used on an uncontrolled coating
operation for the time period of the deviation as indicated in Equation
1 of Sec. 63.3561.
(d) You must meet the requirements for bypass lines in Sec.
63.3568(b) for controlled coating operations for which you do not
conduct material balances. If any bypass line is opened and emissions
are diverted to the atmosphere when the coating operation is running,
this is a deviation that must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec.
63.3510(b)(6) and 63.3520(a)(7). For the purposes of completing the
compliance calculations specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3561(h), you must
treat the materials used during a deviation on a controlled coating
operation as if they were used on an uncontrolled coating operation for
the time period of the deviation as indicated in Equation 1 of Sec.
63.3561.
(e) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.3493. If you did not develop a work
practice plan or you did not implement the plan or you did not keep the
records required by Sec. 63.3530(k)(8), that is a deviation from the
work practice standards that must be reported as specified in
Sec. Sec. 63.3510(b)(6) and 63.3520(a)(7).
(f) As part of each semiannual compliance report required in Sec.
63.3520, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you used
the emission rate with add-on controls option. If there were no
deviations from the emission limitations, submit a statement that you
were in compliance with the emission limitations during the reporting
period because the organic HAP emission rate for each compliance period
was less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.3490 and you achieved the operating limits required by Sec. 63.3492
and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.3493 during each
compliance period.
(g) During periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating operation
that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency, you must
operate in accordance with the SSMP required by Sec. 63.3500(c).
(h) Consistent with Sec. Sec. 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations
that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating operation
that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency are not
violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that
you were operating in accordance with the SSMP. The Administrator will
determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as
a startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations according to the
provisions in Sec. 63.6(e).
(i) [Reserved]
(j) You must maintain records as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3530
and 63.3531.

Sec. 63.3564 What are the general requirements for performance tests?

(a) You must conduct each performance test required by Sec.
63.3560 according to the requirements in Sec. 63.7(e)(1) and under the
conditions in this section unless you obtain a waiver of the
performance test according to the provisions in Sec. 63.7(h).
(1) Representative coating operation operating conditions. You must
conduct the performance test under representative operating conditions
for the coating operation. Operations during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction and during periods of nonoperation do not
constitute representative conditions. You must record the process
information that is necessary to document operating conditions during
the test and explain why the conditions represent normal operation.
(2) Representative emission capture system and add-on control
device operating conditions. You must conduct the performance test when
the emission capture system and add-on control device are operating at
a representative flow rate and the add-on control device is operating
at a representative inlet concentration. You must record information
that is necessary to document emission capture system and add-on
control device operating conditions during the test and explain why the
conditions represent normal operation.
(b) You must conduct each performance test of an emission capture
system according to the requirements in Sec. 63.3565. You must conduct
each performance test of an add-on control device according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.3566.

Sec. 63.3565 How do I determine the emission capture system
efficiency?

You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine capture efficiency as part of the performance test required
by Sec. 63.3560.
(a) Assuming 100 percent capture efficiency. You may assume the
capture system efficiency is 100 percent if both of the conditions in
paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section are met:
(1) The capture system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix
M to 40 CFR part 51 for a PTE and directs all the exhaust gases from
the enclosure to an add-on control device.
(2) All coatings and thinners used in the coating operation are
applied within the capture system and coating solvent flash-off and
coating, curing, and drying

[[Page 2147]]

occurs within the capture system. For example, the criterion is not met
if parts enter the open shop environment when being moved between a
spray booth and a curing oven.
(b) Measuring capture efficiency. If the capture system does not
meet both of the criteria in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section,
then you must use one of the three protocols described in paragraphs
(c), (d), and (e) of this section to measure capture efficiency. The
capture efficiency measurements use TVH capture efficiency as a
surrogate for organic HAP capture efficiency. For the protocols in
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, the capture efficiency
measurement must consist of three test runs. Each test run must be at
least 3 hours duration or the length of a production run, whichever is
longer, up to 8 hours. For the purposes of this test, a production run
means the time required for a single part to go from the beginning to
the end of production, which includes surface preparation activities
and drying or curing time.
(c) Liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure. The liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol
compares the mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the coating
operation to the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the emission
capture system. Use a TTE or a building enclosure and the procedures in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (6) of this section to measure emission
capture system efficiency using the liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol.
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating operation where coatings and thinners are applied
and all areas where emissions from these applied coatings and materials
subsequently occur, such as flash-off, curing, and drying areas. The
areas of the coating operation where capture devices collect emissions
for routing to an add-on control device such as the entrance and exit
areas of an oven or spray booth, must also be inside the enclosure. The
enclosure must meet the applicable definition of a TTE or building
enclosure in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51.
(2) Use Method 204A or 204F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
determine the mass fraction of TVH liquid input from each coating and
thinner used in the coating operation during each capture efficiency
test run. To make the determination, substitute TVH for each occurrence
of the term volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the methods.
(3) Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the total mass of
TVH liquid input from all the coatings and thinners used in the coating
operation during each capture efficiency test run.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.016

Where:

TVH_used = total mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the
coating operation during the capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVH_i = mass fraction of TVH in coating or thinner, i, that
is used in the coating operation during the capture efficiency test
run, kg TVH per kg material
Vol_i = total volume of coating or thinner, i, used in the
coating operation during the capture efficiency test run, liters.
D_i = density of coating or thinner, i, kg material per liter
material.
n = number of different coatings and thinners used in the coating
operation during the capture efficiency test run.

(4) Use Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to measure
the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by the
emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the TTE or
building enclosure during each capture efficiency test run. To make the
measurement, substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term VOC in the
methods.
(i) Use Method 204D of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 if the
enclosure is a TTE.
(ii) Use Method 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 if the
enclosure is a building enclosure. During the capture efficiency
measurement, all organic compound emitting operations inside the
building enclosure other than the coating operation for which capture
efficiency is being determined must be shut down but all fans and
blowers must be operating normally.
(5) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 2 of
this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.017

Where:

CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVH_used = total mass of liquid TVH used in the coating
operation during the capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVH_uncaptured = total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the TTE or building
enclosure during the capture efficiency test run, kg, determined
according to paragraph (c)(4) of this section.

(6) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(d) Gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total enclosure or a
building enclosure. The gas-to-gas protocol compares the mass of TVH
emissions captured by the emission capture system to the mass of TVH
emissions not captured. Use a TTE or a building enclosure and the
procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) through (5) of this section to measure
emission capture system efficiency using the gas-to-gas protocol.
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating operation where coatings and thinners are applied
and all areas where emissions from these applied coatings and materials
subsequently occur such as flash-off, curing, and drying areas. The
areas of the coating operation where capture devices collect emissions
generated by the coating operation for routing to an add-on control
device such as the entrance and exit areas of an oven

[[Page 2148]]

or a spray booth must also be inside the enclosure. The enclosure must
meet the applicable definition of a TTE or building enclosure in Method
204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51.
(2) Use Method 204B or 204C of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
measure the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions captured by the emission
capture system during each capture efficiency test run as measured at
the inlet to the add-on control device. To make the measurement,
substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) The sampling points for the Method 204B or 204C of appendix M
to 40 CFR part 51 measurement must be upstream from the add-on control
device and must represent total emissions routed from the capture
system and entering the add-on control device.
(ii) If multiple emission streams from the capture system enter the
add-on control device without a single common duct, then the emissions
entering the add-on control device must be simultaneously measured in
each duct and the total emissions entering the add-on control device
must be determined.
(3) Use Method 204D or 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
measure the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by
the emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the TTE or
building enclosure during each capture efficiency test run. To make the
measurement, substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term VOC in the
methods.
(i) Use Method 204D of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 if the
enclosure is a TTE.
(ii) Use Method 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 if the
enclosure is a building enclosure. During the capture efficiency
measurement, all organic compound emitting operations inside the
building enclosure, other than the coating operation for which capture
efficiency is being determined must be shut down, but all fans and
blowers must be operating normally.
(4) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 3 of
this section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.018

Where:

CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVH_captured = total mass of TVH captured by the emission
capture system as measured at the inlet to the add-on control device
during the emission capture efficiency test run, kg, determined
according to paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
TVH_uncaptured = total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the TTE or building
enclosure during the capture efficiency test run, kg, determined
according to paragraph (d)(3) of this section.

(5) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(e) Alternative capture efficiency protocol. As an alternative to
the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, you
may determine capture efficiency using any other capture efficiency
protocol and test methods that satisfy the criteria of either the DQO
or LCL approach as described in appendix A to subpart KK of this part.

Sec. 63.3566 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?

You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal
efficiency as part of the performance test required by Sec. 63.3560.
You must conduct three test runs as specified in Sec. 63.7(e)(3) and
each test run must last at least 1 hour.
(a) For all types of add-on control devices, use the test methods
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Use Method 1 or 1A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, to select sampling sites and velocity traverse points.
(2) Use Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G of appendix A to 40 CFR
part 60, as appropriate, to measure gas volumetric flow rate.
(3) Use Method 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, for gas analysis to determine dry molecular weight. You
may also use as an alternative to Method 3B the manual method for
measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide content of
exhaust gas in ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas
Analyses.''
(4) Use Method 4 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 to determine stack
gas moisture.
(5) Methods for determining gas volumetric flow rate, dry molecular
weight, and stack gas moisture must be performed, as applicable, during
each test run.
(b) Measure total gaseous organic mass emissions as carbon at the
inlet and outlet of the add-on control device simultaneously using
either Method 25 or 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 as specified in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section. You must use the same
method for both the inlet and outlet measurements.
(1) Use Method 25 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 if the add-on
control device is an oxidizer and you expect the total gaseous organic
concentration as carbon to be more than 50 parts per million (ppm) at
the control device outlet.
(2) Use Method 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 if the add-on
control device is an oxidizer and you expect the total gaseous organic
concentration as carbon to be 50 ppm or less at the control device
outlet.
(3) Use Method 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 if the add-
control device is not an oxidizer.
(4) You may use Method 18 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 to
subtract methane emissions from measured total gaseous organic mass
emissions as carbon.
(5) Alternatively, any other test method or data that have been
validated according to the applicable procedures in Method 301 of 40
CFR part 63, appendix A, and approved by the Administrator may be used.
(c) If two or more add-on control devices are used for the same
emission stream, then you must measure emissions at the outlet of each
device. For example, if one add-on control device is a concentrator
with an outlet for the high-volume dilute stream that has been treated
by the concentrator and a second add-on control device is an oxidizer
with an outlet for the low-volume concentrated stream that is treated
with the oxidizer, you must measure emissions at the outlet of the
oxidizer and the high volume dilute stream outlet of the concentrator.

[[Page 2149]]

(d) For each test run, determine the total gaseous organic
emissions mass flow rates for the inlet and the outlet of the add-on
control device, using Equation 1 of this section. If there is more than
one inlet or outlet to the add-on control device, you must calculate
the total gaseous organic mass flow rate using Equation 1 of this
section for each inlet and each outlet and then total all of the inlet
emissions and total all of the outlet emissions.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.019

Where:

M_f = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate, kg per
hour (kg/h).
C_c = concentration of organic compounds as carbon in the
vent gas, as determined by Method 25 or Method 25A, ppmvd.
Q_sd = volumetric flow rate of gases entering or exiting the
add-on control device, as determined by Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or
2G, dry standard cubic meters/hour (dscm/h).
0.0416 = conversion factor for molar volume, kg-moles per cubic meter
(mol/m3) (@ 293 Kelvin (K) and 760 millimeters of mercury
(mmHg)).

(e) For each test run, determine the add-on control device organic
emissions destruction or removal efficiency, using Equation 2 of this
section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.020

Where:

DRE = organic emissions destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent.
M_fi = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
inlet(s) to the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.
M_fo = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
outlet(s) of the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.

(f) Determine the emission destruction or removal efficiency of the
add-on control device as the average of the efficiencies determined in
the three test runs and calculated in Equation 2 of this section.

Sec. 63.3567 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-
on control device operating limits during the performance test?

During the performance test required by Sec. 63.3560 and described
in Sec. Sec. 63.3564, 63.3565, and 63.3566, you must establish the
operating limits required by Sec. 63.3492 according to this section
unless you have received approval for alternative monitoring and
operating limits under Sec. 63.8(f) as specified in Sec. 63.3492.
(a) Thermal oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a thermal
oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (a)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
combustion temperature at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs. You must monitor the temperature in the firebox of
the thermal oxidizer or immediately downstream of the firebox before
any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average combustion temperature maintained during the
performance test. That average combustion temperature is the minimum
operating limit for your thermal oxidizer.
(b) Catalytic oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a
catalytic oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to either
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) or paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
temperature just before the catalyst bed and the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature just before the catalyst bed and the
average temperature difference across the catalyst bed maintained
during the performance test. These are the minimum operating limits for
your catalytic oxidizer.
(3) As an alternative to monitoring the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed, you may monitor the temperature at the inlet
to the catalyst bed and implement a site-specific inspection and
maintenance plan for your catalytic oxidizer as specified in paragraph
(b)(4) of this section. During the performance test, you must monitor
and record the temperature just before the catalyst bed at least once
every 15 minutes during each of the three test runs. Use the data
collected during the performance test to calculate and record the
average temperature just before the catalyst bed during the performance
test. That is the minimum operating limit for your catalytic oxidizer.
(4) You must develop and implement an inspection and maintenance
plan for your catalytic oxidizer(s) for which you elect to monitor
according to paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The plan must address,
at a minimum, the elements specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through
(iii) of this section.
(i) Annual sampling and analysis of the catalyst activity (i.e,
conversion efficiency) following the manufacturer's or catalyst
supplier's recommended procedures.
(ii) Monthly inspection of the oxidizer system, including the
burner assembly and fuel supply lines for problems and, as necessary,
adjust the equipment to assure proper air-to-fuel mixtures.
(iii) Annual internal and monthly external visual inspection of the
catalyst bed to check for channeling, abrasion, and settling. If
problems are found, you must take corrective action consistent with the
manufacturer's recommendations and conduct a new performance test to
determine destruction efficiency according to Sec. 63.3566.
(c) Carbon adsorbers. If your add-on control device is a carbon
adsorber, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (c)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) You must monitor and record the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle and
the carbon bed temperature after each carbon bed regeneration and
cooling cycle for the regeneration cycle either immediately preceding
or immediately following the performance test.
(2) The operating limits for your carbon adsorber are the minimum
total desorbing gas mass flow recorded during the regeneration cycle,
and the maximum carbon bed temperature recorded after the cooling
cycle.
(d) Condensers. If your add-on control device is a condenser,
establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (d)(1) and (2)
of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record

[[Page 2150]]

the average condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature maintained
during the performance test. This average condenser outlet gas
temperature is the maximum operating limit for your condenser.
(e) Concentrators. If your add-on control device includes a
concentrator, you must establish operating limits for the concentrator
according to paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
desorption concentrate stream gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three runs of the performance test.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature. This is the minimum operating limit
for the desorption concentrate gas stream temperature.
(3) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
pressure drop of the dilute stream across the concentrator at least
once every 15 minutes during each of the three runs of the performance
test.
(4) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average pressure drop. This is the maximum operating
limit for the dilute stream across the concentrator.
(f) Emission capture systems. For each capture device that is not
part of a PTE that meets the criteria of Sec. 63.3565(a), establish an
operating limit for either the gas volumetric flow rate or duct static
pressure, as specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
The operating limit for a PTE is specified in Table 4 to this subpart.
(1) During the capture efficiency determination required by Sec.
63.3560 and described in Sec. Sec. 63.3564 and 63.3565, you must
monitor and record either the gas volumetric flow rate or the duct
static pressure for each separate capture device in your emission
capture system at least once every 15 minutes during each of the three
test runs at a point in the duct between the capture device and the
add-on control device inlet.
(2) Calculate and record the average gas volumetric flow rate or
duct static pressure for the three test runs for each capture device.
This average gas volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure is the
minimum operating limit for that specific capture device.

Sec. 63.3568 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?

(a) General. You must install, operate, and maintain each CPMS
specified in paragraphs (c), (e), (f), and (g) of this section
according to paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section. You must
install, operate, and maintain each CPMS specified in paragraphs (b)
and (d) of this section according to paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) of
this section.
(1) The CPMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation for
each successive 15-minute period. You must have a minimum of four
equally spaced successive cycles of CPMS operation in 1 hour.
(2) You must determine the average of all recorded readings for
each successive 3-hour period of the emission capture system and add-on
control device operation.
(3) You must record the results of each inspection, calibration,
and validation check of the CPMS.
(4) You must maintain the CPMS at all times and have available
necessary parts for routine repairs of the monitoring equipment.
(5) You must operate the CPMS and collect emission capture system
and add-on control device parameter data at all times that a controlled
coating operation is operating, except during monitoring malfunctions,
associated repairs, and required quality assurance or control
activities (including, if applicable, calibration checks and required
zero and span adjustments).
(6) You must not use emission capture system or add-on control
device parameter data recorded during monitoring malfunctions,
associated repairs, out of control periods, or required quality
assurance or control activities when calculating data averages. You
must use all the data collected during all other periods in calculating
the data averages for determining compliance with the emission capture
system and add-on control device operating limits.
(7) A monitoring malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not
reasonably preventable failure of the CPMS to provide valid data.
Monitoring failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or
careless operation are not malfunctions. Any period for which the
monitoring system is out of control and data are not available for
required calculations is a deviation from the monitoring requirements.
(b) Capture system bypass line. You must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section for each emission capture
system that contains bypass lines that could divert emissions away from
the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(1) You must monitor or secure the valve or closure mechanism
controlling the bypass line in a nondiverting position in such a way
that the valve or closure mechanism cannot be opened without creating a
record that the valve was opened. The method used to monitor or secure
the valve or closure mechanism must meet one of the requirements
specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) Flow control position indicator. Install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a flow
control position indicator that takes a reading at least once every 15
minutes and provides a record indicating whether the emissions are
directed to the add-on control device or diverted from the add-on
control device. The time of occurrence and flow control position must
be recorded as well as every time the flow direction is changed. The
flow control position indicator must be installed at the entrance to
any bypass line that could divert the emissions away from the add-on
control device to the atmosphere.
(ii) Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures. Secure any bypass
line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key
type configuration. You must visually inspect the seal or closure
mechanism at least once every month to ensure that the valve is
maintained in the closed position and the emissions are not diverted
away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(iii) Valve closure monitoring. Ensure that any bypass line valve
is in the closed (non-diverting) position through monitoring of valve
position at least once every 15 minutes. You must inspect the
monitoring system at least once every month to verify that the monitor
will indicate valve position.
(iv) Automatic shutdown system. Use an automatic shutdown system in
which the coating operation is stopped when flow is diverted by the
bypass line away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere when
the coating operation is running. You must inspect the automatic
shutdown system at least once every month to verify that it will detect
diversions of flow and shut down the coating operation.
(2) If any bypass line is opened, you must include a description of
why the bypass line was opened and the length of time it remained open
in the semiannual compliance reports required in Sec. 63.3520.
(c) Thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers. If you are using a
thermal oxidizer or catalytic oxidizer as an add-on control device
(including those used with concentrators or with carbon adsorbers to
treat desorbed concentrate streams), you must comply with the
requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section.

[[Page 2151]]

(1) For a thermal oxidizer, install a gas temperature monitor in
the firebox of the thermal oxidizer or in the duct immediately
downstream of the firebox before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) For a catalytic oxidizer, install a gas temperature monitor in
the gas stream immediately before the catalyst bed, and if you
establish operating limits according to Sec. 63.3567(b)(1) and (2),
also install a gas temperature monitor in the gas stream immediately
after the catalyst bed.
(i) If you establish operating limits according to Sec.
63.3567(b)(1) and (2), then you must install the gas temperature
monitors both upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed. The
temperature monitors must be in the gas stream immediately before and
after the catalyst bed to measure the temperature difference across the
bed.
(ii) If you establish operating limits according to Sec.
63.3567(b)(3) and (4), then you must install a gas temperature monitor
upstream of the catalyst bed. The temperature monitor must be in the
gas stream immediately before the catalyst bed to measure the
temperature.
(3) For all thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers, you must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (c)(3)(i) through (vii) of
this section for each gas temperature monitoring device.
(i) Locate the temperature sensor in a position that provides a
representative temperature.
(ii) Use a temperature sensor with a measurement sensitivity of 4
degrees Fahrenheit or 0.75 percent of the temperature value, whichever
is larger.
(iii) Shield the temperature sensor system from electromagnetic
interference and chemical contaminants.
(iv) If a gas temperature chart recorder is used, it must have a
measurement sensitivity in the minor division of at least 20 degrees
Fahrenheit.
(v) Perform an electronic calibration at least semiannually
according to the procedures in the manufacturer's owners manual.
Following the electronic calibration, you must conduct a temperature
sensor validation check in which a second or redundant temperature
sensor placed nearby the process temperature sensor must yield a
reading within 30 degrees Fahrenheit of the process temperature sensor
reading.
(vi) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the sensor
exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating temperature
range or install a new temperature sensor.
(vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity and
electrical connections for continuity, oxidation, and galvanic
corrosion.
(d) Carbon adsorbers. If you are using a carbon adsorber as an add-
on control device, you must monitor the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle,
the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and cooling cycle,
and comply with paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) and (d)(1) and (2) of
this section.
(1) The regeneration desorbing gas mass flow monitor must be an
integrating device having a measurement sensitivity of plus or minus 10
percent capable of recording the total regeneration desorbing gas mass
flow for each regeneration cycle.
(2) The carbon bed temperature monitor must have a measurement
sensitivity of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree
Fahrenheit, whichever is greater, and must be capable of recording the
temperature within 15 minutes of completing any carbon bed cooling
cycle.
(e) Condensers. If you are using a condenser, you must monitor the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature and comply with
paragraphs (a) and (e)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) The gas temperature monitor must have a measurement sensitivity
of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree Fahrenheit,
whichever is greater.
(2) The temperature monitor must provide a gas temperature record
at least once every 15 minutes.
(f) Concentrators. If you are using a concentrator such as a
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed concentrator, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) You must install a temperature monitor in the desorption gas
stream. The temperature monitor must meet the requirements in
paragraphs (a) and (c)(3) of this section.
(2) You must install a device to monitor pressure drop across the
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed. The pressure monitoring device must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (f)(2)(i) through (vii) of
this section.
(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that
provides a representative measurement of the pressure.
(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and
internal and external corrosion.
(iii) Use a gauge with a minimum tolerance of 0.5 inch of water or
a transducer with a minimum tolerance of 1 percent of the pressure
range.
(iv) Check the pressure tap daily.
(v) Using a manometer, check gauge calibration quarterly and
transducer calibration monthly.
(vi) Conduct calibration checks anytime the sensor exceeds the
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a
new pressure sensor.
(vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity,
electrical connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for
leakage.
(g) Emission capture systems. The capture system monitoring system
must comply with the applicable requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) and
(2) of this section.
(1) For each flow measurement device, you must meet the
requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(1)(i) through (iv) of this
section.
(i) Locate a flow sensor in a position that provides a
representative flow measurement in the duct from each capture device in
the emission capture system to the add-on control device.
(ii) Reduce swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to
upstream and downstream disturbances.
(iii) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least
semiannually.
(iv) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.
(2) For each pressure drop measurement device, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(2)(i) through (vi) of this
section.
(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that
provides a representative measurement of the pressure drop across
each opening you are monitoring.
(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and
internal and external corrosion.
(iii) Check pressure tap pluggage daily.
(iv) Using an inclined manometer with a measurement sensitivity of
0.0002 inch water, check gauge calibration quarterly and transducer
calibration monthly.
(v) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a
new pressure sensor.
(vi) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.

[[Page 2152]]

Compliance Requirements for the Control Efficiency/Outlet Concentration
Option

Sec. 63.3570 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?

(a) New and reconstructed affected sources. For a new or
reconstructed source, you must meet the requirements of paragraphs
(a)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.3483. You must conduct a performance test of
each capture system and add-on control device according to Sec. Sec.
63.3574, 63.3575, and 63.3576 and establish the operating limits
required by Sec. 63.3492 no later than 180 days after the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3483.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.3493 no later than the compliance date specified
in Sec. 63.3483.
(3) You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.3571. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3483 and ends on the last day of
the twelfth month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. The initial compliance demonstration includes the results of
emission capture system and add-on control device performance tests
conducted according to Sec. 63.3574, 63.3575, and 63.3576, the
operating limits established during the performance tests and the
results of the continuous parameter monitoring required by Sec.
63.3578, and documentation of whether you developed and implemented the
work practice plan required by Sec. 63.3493.
(4) You do not need to comply with the operating limits for the
emission capture system and add-on control device required by Sec.
63.3492 until after you have completed the performance tests specified
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Instead, you must maintain a log
detailing the operation and maintenance of the emission capture system,
add-on control device, and continuous parameter monitors during the
period between the compliance date and the performance test. You must
begin complying with the operating limits on the date you complete the
performance tests specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(b) Existing affected sources. For an existing affected source, you
must meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.3483.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.3493 no later than the compliance date specified
in Sec. 63.3483.
(3) You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.3571. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3483 and ends on the last day of
the twelfth month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. The initial compliance demonstration includes the results of
emission capture system and add-on control device performance tests
conducted according to Sec. Sec. 63.3574, 63.3575, and 63.3576, the
operating limits established during the performance tests and the
results of the continuous parameter monitoring required by Sec.
63.3578, and documentation of whether you developed and implemented the
work practice plan required by Sec. 63.3493.

Sec. 63.3571 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

(a) You may use the control efficiency/outlet concentration option
for any coating operation, for any group of coating operations within a
subcategory or coating type segment, or for all of the coating
operations within a subcategory or coating type segment. You must use
the compliant material option, the emission rate without add-on
controls option, or the emission rate with add-on controls option for
any coating operation in the affected source for which you do not use
the control efficiency/outlet concentration option. To demonstrate
initial compliance, the coating operation(s) for which you use the
control efficiency/outlet concentration option must meet the applicable
levels of emission reduction in Sec. 63.3490. You must conduct a
separate initial compliance demonstration for each one and two-piece
draw and iron can body coating, sheet coating, three-piece can body
assembly coating, and end lining affected source.
(b) Compliance with operating limits. You must establish and
demonstrate continuous compliance during the initial compliance period
with the operating limits required by Sec. 63.3492, using the
procedures specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3577 and 63.3578.
(c) Compliance with work practice requirements. You must develop,
implement, and document your implementation of the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.3493 during the initial compliance period, as
specified in Sec. 63.3530.
(d) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance,
you must keep all records applicable to the control efficiency/outlet
concentration option as required by Sec. Sec. 63.3530 and 63.3531. As
part of the Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec.
63.3510, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you used
the control efficiency/outlet concentration option and submit a
statement that the coating operation(s) was (were) in compliance with
the emission limitations during the initial compliance period because
you achieved the operating limits required by Sec. 63.3492 and the
work practice standards required by Sec. 63.3493.

Sec. 63.3572 [Reserved]

Sec. 63.3573 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?

(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations using the control efficiency/outlet concentration option,
the organic HAP emission rate for each compliance period must be equal
to or less than 20 ppmvd or must be reduced by the amounts specified in
Sec. 63.3490. A compliance period consists of 12 months. Each month
after the end of the initial compliance period described in Sec.
63.3570 is the end of a compliance period consisting of that month and
the preceding 11 months.
(b) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each operating
limit required by Sec. 63.3492 that applies to you, as specified in
Table 4 to this subpart. If an operating parameter is out of the
allowed range specified in Table 4 to this subpart, this is a deviation
from the operating limit that must be reported as specified in
Sec. Sec. 63.3510(b)(6) and 63.3520(a)(7).
(c) You must meet the requirements for bypass lines in Sec.
63.3578(b) for controlled coating operations for which you do not
conduct liquid-liquid material balances. If any bypass line is opened
and emissions are diverted to the atmosphere when the coating

[[Page 2153]]

operation is running, this is a deviation that must be reported as
specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3510(b)(6) and 63.3520(a)(7).
(d) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.3493. If you did not develop a work
practice plan or you did not implement the plan or you did not keep the
records required by Sec. 63.3530(k)(8), this is a deviation from the
work practice standards that must be reported as specified in
Sec. Sec. 63.3510(b)(6) and 63.3520(a)(7).
(e) As part of each semiannual compliance report required in Sec.
63.3520, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you used
the control efficiency/outlet concentration option. If there were no
deviations from the operating limits or work practice standards, submit
a statement that you were in compliance with the emission limitations
during the reporting period because the organic HAP emission rate for
each compliance period was less than 20 ppmvd or was reduced by the
amount specified in Sec. 63.3490 and you achieved the work practice
standards required by Sec. 63.3493 during each compliance period.
(f) During periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunctions of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating operation
that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency, you must
operate in accordance with the SSMP required by Sec. 63.3500(c).
(g) Consistent with Sec. Sec. 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations
that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating operation
that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency are not
violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that
you were operating in accordance with the SSMP. The Administrator will
determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as
a startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations, according to the
provisions in Sec. 63.6(e).
(h) You must maintain records applicable to the control efficiency/
outlet concentration option as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3530 and
63.3531.

Sec. 63.3574 What are the general requirements for performance tests?

(a) You must conduct each performance test required by Sec.
63.3570 according to the requirements of Sec. 63.7(e)(1) and under the
conditions in this section unless you obtain a waiver of the
performance test according to the provisions in Sec. 63.7(h).
(1) Representative coating operating conditions. You must conduct
the performance test under representative operating conditions for the
coating operation(s). Operations during periods of startup, shutdown,
or malfunction and during periods of nonoperation do not constitute
representative conditions. You must record the process information that
is necessary to document operating conditions during the test and
explain why the conditions represent normal operation.
(2) Representative emission capture system and add-on control
device operating conditions. You must conduct the performance test when
the emission capture system and add-on control device are operating at
a representative flow rate and the add-on control device is operating
at a representative inlet concentration. You must record information
that is necessary to document emission capture system and add-on
control device operating conditions during the test and explain why the
conditions represent normal operation.
(b) You must conduct each performance test of an emission capture
system according to the requirements in Sec. 63.3575. You must conduct
each performance test of an add-on control device according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.3576.

Sec. 63.3575 How do I determine the emission capture system
efficiency?

The capture efficiency of your emission capture system must be 100
percent to use the control efficiency/outlet concentration option. You
may assume the capture system efficiency is 100 percent if both of the
conditions in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section are met.
(a) The capture system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix
M to 40 CFR part 51 for a PTE and directs all the exhaust gases from
the enclosure to an add-on control device.
(b) All coatings and thinners used in the coating operation are
applied within the capture system, and coating solvent flash-off,
curing, and drying occurs within the capture system. This criterion is
not met if parts enter the open shop environment when being moved
between a spray booth and a curing oven.

Sec. 63.3576 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?

You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal
efficiency as part of the performance test required by Sec. 63.3570.
You must conduct three test runs as specified in Sec. 63.7(e)(3) and
each test run must last at least 1 hour.
(a) For all types of add-on control devices, use the test methods
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Use Method 1 or 1A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, to select sampling sites and velocity traverse points.
(2) Use Method 2,2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G of appendix A to 40 CFR part
60, as appropriate, to measure gas volumetric flow rate.
(3) Use Method 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, for gas analysis to determine dry molecular weight. You
may also use as an alternative to Method 3B, the manual method for
measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide content of
exhaust gas in ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas
Analyses.''
(4) Use Method 4 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 to determine stack
gas moisture.
(5) Methods for determining gas volumetric flow rate, dry molecular
weight, and stack gas moisture must be performed, as applicable, during
each test run.
(b) Measure total gaseous organic mass emissions as carbon at the
inlet and outlet of the add-on control device simultaneously, using
either Method 25 or 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 as specified in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section. You must use the same
method for both the inlet and outlet measurements.
(1) Use Method 25 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 if the add-on
control device is an oxidizer and you expect the total gaseous organic
concentration as carbon to be more than 50 ppm at the control device
outlet.
(2) Use Method 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 if the add-on
control device is an oxidizer and you expect the total gaseous organic
concentration as carbon to be 50 ppm or less at the control device
outlet.
(3) Use Method 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 if the add-on
control device is not an oxidizer.
(c) If two or more add-on control devices are used for the same
emission stream, then you must measure emissions at the outlet of each
device. For example, if one add-on control device is a concentrator
with an outlet for the high-volume dilute stream that has been treated
by the concentrator and a second add-on control device is an oxidizer
with an outlet for the low-volume, concentrated stream that is treated
with the oxidizer, you must

[[Page 2154]]

measure emissions at the outlet of the oxidizer and the high-volume
dilute stream outlet of the concentrator.
(d) For each test run, determine the total gaseous organic
emissions mass flow rates for the inlet and outlet of the add-on
control device, using Equation 1 of this section. If there is more than
one inlet or outlet to the add-on control device, you must calculate
the total gaseous organic mass flow rate using Equation 1 of this
section for each inlet and each outlet and then total all of the inlet
emissions and total all of the outlet emissions.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.021

Where:

M_f = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate, kg/h.
C_c = the concentration of organic compounds as carbon in the
vent gas, as determined by Method 25 or Method 25A, ppmvd.
Q_sd = volumetric flow rate of gases entering or exiting the
add-on control device, as determined by Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or
2G, dry standard cubic meters/hour (dscm/h).
0.0416 = conversion factor for molar volume, kg-moles per cubic meter
(mol/m \3\) (@ 293 Kelvin (K) and 760 millimeters of mercury (mmHg)).

(e) For each test run, determine the add-on control device organic
emissions destruction or removal efficiency, using Equation 2 of this
section.
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TP15JA03.022

Where:

Sec. 63.3577 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-
on control device operating limits during the performance test?

During the performance test required by Sec. 63.3570 and described
in Sec. Sec. 63.3574, 63.3575, and 63.3576, you must establish the
operating limits required by Sec. 63.3492 according to this section
unless you have received approval for alternative monitoring and
operating limits under Sec. 63.8(f) as specified in Sec. 63.3492.
(a) Thermal oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a thermal
oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (a)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
combustion temperature at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs. You must monitor the temperature in the firebox of
the thermal oxidizer or immediately downstream of the firebox before
any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average combustion temperature maintained during the
performance test. That average combustion temperature is the minimum
operating limit for your thermal oxidizer.
(b) Catalytic oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a
catalytic oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to either
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) or paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
temperature just before the catalyst bed and the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature just before the catalyst bed and the
average temperature difference across the catalyst bed maintained
during the performance test. Those are the minimum operating limits for
your catalytic oxidizer.
(3) As an alternative to monitoring the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed, you may monitor the temperature at the inlet
to the catalyst bed and implement a site-specific inspection and
maintenance plan for your catalytic oxidizer as specified in paragraph
(b)(4) of this section. During the performance test, you must monitor
and record the temperature just before the catalyst bed at least once
every 15 minutes during each of the three test runs. Use the data
collected during the performance test to calculate and record the
average temperature just before the catalyst bed during the performance
test. This is the minimum operating limit for your catalytic oxidizer.
(4) You must develop and implement an inspection and maintenance
plan for your catalytic oxidizer(s) for which you elect to monitor
according to paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The plan must address,
at a minimum, the elements specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through
(iii) of this section.
(i) Annual sampling and analysis of the catalyst activity (i.e,
conversion efficiency) following the manufacturer's or catalyst
supplier's recommended procedures.
(ii) Monthly inspection of the oxidizer system, including the
burner assembly and fuel supply lines for problems and, as necessary,
adjust the equipment to assure proper air-to-fuel mixtures.
(iii) Annual internal and monthly external visual inspection of the
catalyst bed to check for channeling, abrasion, and settling. If
problems are found, you must take corrective action consistent with the
manufacturer's recommendations and conduct a new performance test to
determine destruction efficiency according to Sec. 63.3576.
(c) Carbon adsorbers. If your add-on control device is a carbon
adsorber, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (c)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) You must monitor and record the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle,
and the carbon bed temperature after each carbon bed regeneration and
cooling cycle for the regeneration cycle either immediately preceding
or immediately following the performance test.
(2) The operating limits for your carbon adsorber are the minimum
total desorbing gas mass flow recorded during the regeneration cycle
and the maximum carbon bed temperature recorded after the cooling
cycle.
(d) Condensers. If your add-on control device is a condenser,
establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (d)(1) and (2)
of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature at

[[Page 2155]]

least once every 15 minutes during each of the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature
maintained during the performance test. This average condenser outlet
gas temperature is the maximum operating limit for your condenser.
(e) Concentrators. If your add-on control device includes a
concentrator, you must establish operating limits for the concentrator
according to paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
desorption concentrate stream gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three runs of the performance test.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature. This is the minimum operating limit
for the desorption concentrate gas stream temperature.
(3) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
pressure drop of the dilute stream across the concentrator at least
once every 15 minutes during each of the three runs of the performance
test.
(4) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average pressure drop. This is the maximum operating
limit for the dilute stream across the concentrator.
(f) Emission capture systems. For each capture device that is part
of a PTE that meets the criteria of Sec. 63.3575, the operating limit
for a PTE is specified in Table 4 to this subpart.

Sec. 63.3578 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?

[[Page 2156]]

and downstream of the catalyst bed. The temperature monitors must be in
the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed to measure
the temperature difference across the bed.
(ii) If you establish operating limits according to Sec.
63.3577(b)(3) and (4), then you must install a gas temperature monitor
upstream of the catalyst bed. The temperature monitor must be in the
gas stream immediately before the catalyst bed to measure the
temperature.
(3) For all thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers, you must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (c)(3)(i) through (vii) of
this section for each gas temperature monitoring device.
(i) Locate the temperature sensor in a position that provides a
representative temperature.
(ii) Use a temperature sensor with a measurement sensitivity of 4
degrees Fahrenheit or 0.75 percent of the temperature value, whichever
is larger.
(iii) Shield the temperature sensor system from electromagnetic
interference and chemical contaminants.
(iv) If a gas temperature chart recorder is used, it must have a
measurement sensitivity in the minor division of at least 20 degrees
Fahrenheit.
(v) Perform an electronic calibration at least semiannually
according to the procedures in the manufacturer's owners manual.
Following the electronic calibration, you must conduct a temperature
sensor validation check in which a second or redundant temperature
sensor placed nearby the process temperature sensor must yield a
reading within 30 degrees Fahrenheit of the process temperature sensor
reading.
(vi) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the sensor
exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating temperature
range or install a new temperature sensor.
(vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity and
electrical connections for continuity, oxidation, and galvanic
corrosion.
(d) Carbon adsorbers. If you are using a carbon adsorber as an add-
on control device, you must monitor the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle,
the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and cooling cycle,
and comply with paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) and (d)(1) and (2) of
this section.
(1) The regeneration desorbing gas mass flow monitor must be an
integrating device having a measurement sensitivity of plus or minus 10
percent capable of recording the total regeneration desorbing gas mass
flow for each regeneration cycle.
(2) The carbon bed temperature monitor must have a measurement
sensitivity of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree
Fahrenheit, whichever is greater, and must be capable of recording the
temperature within 15 minutes of completing any carbon bed cooling
cycle.
(e) Condensers. If you are using a condenser, you must monitor the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature and comply with
paragraphs (a) and (e)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) The gas temperature monitor must have a measurement sensitivity
of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree Fahrenheit,
whichever is greater.
(2) The temperature monitor must provide a gas temperature record
at least once every 15 minutes.
(f) Concentrators. If you are using a concentrator such as a
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed concentrator, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) You must install a temperature monitor in the desorption gas
stream. The temperature monitor must meet the requirements in
paragraphs (a) and (c)(3) of this section.
(2) You must install a device to monitor pressure drop across the
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed. The pressure monitoring device must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (f)(2)(i) through (vii) of
this section.
(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that
provides a representative measurement of the pressure.
(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and
internal and external corrosion.
(iii) Use a gauge with a minimum tolerance of 0.5 inch of water or
a transducer with a minimum tolerance of 1 percent of the pressure
range.
(iv) Check the pressure tap daily.
(v) Using a manometer, check gauge calibration quarterly and
transducer calibration monthly.
(vi) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a
new pressure sensor.
(vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity,
electrical connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for
leakage.
(g) Emission capture systems. The capture system monitoring system
must comply with the applicable requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) and
(2) of this section.
(1) For each flow measurement device, you must meet the
requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(1)(i) through (iv) of this
section.
(i) Locate a flow sensor in a position that provides a
representative flow measurement in the duct from each capture device in
the emission capture system to the add-on control device.
(ii) Reduce swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to
upstream and downstream disturbances.
(iii) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least
semiannually.
(iv) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.
(2) For each pressure drop measurement device, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(2)(i) through (vi) of this
section.
(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that
provides a representative measurement of the pressure drop across each
opening you are monitoring.
(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and
internal and external corrosion.
(iii) Check pressure tap pluggage daily.
(iv) Using an inclined manometer with a measurement sensitivity of
0.0002 inch water, check gauge calibration quarterly and transducer
calibration monthly.
(v) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a
new pressure sensor.
(vi) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.

Other Requirements and Information

Sec. 63.3580 Who implements and enforces this subpart?

(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, the EPA, or
a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal agency. If
the Administrator has delegated authority to your State, local, or
tribal agency, then that agency, in addition to the EPA, has the
authority to implement and enforce this subpart. You should contact
your EPA Regional Office to find out if implementation and enforcement
of this subpart is delegated to your State, local, or tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under 40 CFR part 63,
subpart E, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this

[[Page 2157]]

section are retained by the EPA Administrator and are not transferred
to the State, local, or tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or
tribal agencies are listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this
section.
(1) Approval of alternatives to the work practice standards in
Sec. 63.3493.
(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under Sec.
63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under Sec.
63.8(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting
under Sec. 63.10(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.

Sec. 63.3581 What definitions apply to this subpart?

Terms used in this subpart are defined in the CAA, in 40 CFR 63.2,
the General Provisions of this part, and in this section as follows:
Add-on control means an air pollution control device, such as a
thermal oxidizer or carbon adsorber, that reduces pollution in an air
stream by destruction or removal before discharge to the atmosphere.
Adhesive means any chemical substance that is applied for the
purpose of bonding two surfaces together.
Aerosol can means any can into which a pressurized aerosol product
is packaged.
Aseptic coating means any coating that must withstand high
temperature steam, chemicals, or a combination of both used to
sterilize food cans prior to filling.
Can body means a formed metal can, excluding the unattached end(s).
Can end means a can part manufactured from metal substrate equal to
or thinner than 0.3785 millimeters (mm) (0.0149 inch) for the purpose
of sealing the ends of can bodies including non-metal or composite can
bodies.
Capture device means a hood, enclosure, room, floor sweep, or other
means of containing or collecting emissions and directing those
emissions into an add-on air pollution control device.
Capture efficiency or capture system efficiency means the portion
(expressed as a percentage) of the pollutants from an emission source
that is delivered to an add-on control device.
Capture system means one or more capture devices intended to
collect emissions generated by a coating operation in the use of
coatings or cleaning materials, both at the point of application and at
subsequent points where emissions from the coatings or cleaning
materials occur, such as flashoff, drying, or curing. As used in this
subpart, multiple capture devices that collect emissions generated by a
coating operation are considered a single capture system.
Cleaning material means a solvent used to remove contaminants and
other materials such as dirt, grease, oil, and dried or wet coating
(e.g., depainting) from a substrate before or after coating application
or from equipment associated with a coating operation, such as spray
booths, spray guns, racks, tanks, and hangers. Thus, it includes any
cleaning material used on substrates or equipment or both.
Coating means a material applied to a substrate for decorative,
protective, or functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not
limited to, paints, sealants, caulks, inks, adhesives, and maskants.
Decorative, protective, or functional materials that consist only of
protective oils for metal, acids, bases, or any combination of these
substances are not considered coatings for the purposes of this
subpart.
Coating operation means equipment used to apply coating to a metal
can or end (including decorative tins), or metal crown or closure, and
to dry or cure the coating after application. A coating operation
always includes at least the point at which a coating is applied and
all subsequent points in the affected source where organic HAP
emissions from that coating occur. There may be multiple coating
operations in an affected source. Coating application with hand-held
nonrefillable aerosol containers, touchup markers, or marking pens is
not a coating operation for the purposes of this subpart.
Coating solids means the nonvolatile portion of a coating that
makes up the dry film.
Continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) means the total
equipment that may be required to meet the data acquisition and
availability requirements of this subpart, used to sample, condition
(if applicable), analyze, and provide a record of coating operation,
capture system, or add-on control device parameters.
Controlled coating operation means a coating operation from which
some or all of the organic HAP emissions are routed through an emission
capture system and add-on control device.
Crowns and closures means steel or aluminum coverings such as
bottle caps and jar lids for containers other than can ends.
Decorative tin means a single-walled container, designed to be
covered or uncovered that is manufactured from metal substrate equal to
or thinner than 0.3785 mm (0.0149 inch) and is normally coated on the
exterior surface with decorative coatings. Decorative tins may contain
foods but are not hermetically sealed and are not subject to food
processing steps such as retort or pasteurization. Interior coatings
are not applied to protect the metal and contents from chemical
interaction.
Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to
this subpart or an owner or operator of such a source:
(1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this
subpart including but not limited to any emission limit, operating
limit, or work practice standard;
(2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to
implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is
included in the operating permit for any affected source required to
obtain such a permit; or
(3) Fails to meet any emission limit, operating limit, or work
practice standard in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or
malfunction regardless of whether or not such failure is permitted by
this subpart.
Drum means a cylindrical metal container with walls of 29 gauge or
thicker and a capacity greater than 45.4 liters (12 gal).
Emission limitation means an emission limit, operating limit, or
work practice standard.
Enclosure means a structure that surrounds a source of emissions
and captures and directs the emissions to an add-on control device.
End lining means the application of end seal compound on can ends
during end manufacturing.
End seal compound means the coating applied onto ends of cans that
functions to seal the end(s) of a can to the can body.
Exempt compound means a specific compound that is not considered a
VOC due to negligible photochemical reactivity. The exempt compounds
are listed in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
Food can means any can manufactured to contain edible products and
designed to be hermetically sealed. Does not include decorative tins.
General line can means any can manufactured to contain inedible
products. Does not include aerosol cans or decorative tins.
Inside spray means a coating sprayed on the interior of a can body
to provide a protective film between the can and its contents.
Manufacturer's formulation data means data on a material (such as a
coating) that are supplied by the

[[Page 2158]]

material manufacturer based on knowledge of the ingredients used to
manufacture that material, rather than based on testing of the material
with the test methods specified in Sec. 63.3541. Manufacturer's
formulation data may include but are not limited to information on
density, organic HAP content, volatile organic matter content, and
coating solids content.
Mass fraction of organic HAP means the ratio of the mass of organic
HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained, expressed as kg
of organic HAP per kg of material.
Metal can means a single-walled container manufactured from metal
substrate equal to or thinner than 0.3785 mm (0.0149 inch).
Month means a calendar month or a pre-specified period of 28 days
to 35 days to allow for flexibility in recordkeeping when data are
based on a business accounting period.
Non-aseptic coating means any coating that is not subjected to high
temperature steam, chemicals, or a combination of both to sterilize
food cans prior to filling.
One and two-piece draw and iron can means a steel or aluminum can
manufactured by the draw and iron process. Includes two-piece beverage
cans, two-piece food cans, and one-piece aerosol cans.
One-piece aerosol can means an aerosol can formed by the draw and
iron process to which no ends are attached and a valve is placed
directly on top.
Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP per volume of
coating solids for a coating, calculated using Equation 1 of Sec.
63.3541. The organic HAP content is determined for the coating in the
condition it is in when received from its manufacturer or supplier and
does not account for any alteration after receipt.
Pail means a cylindrical or rectangular metal container with walls
of 29 gauge or thicker and a capacity of 7.6 to 45.4 liters (2 to 12
gal) (i.e., bucket).
Permanent total enclosure (PTE) means a permanently installed
enclosure that meets the criteria of Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR
part 51, for a PTE and that directs all the exhaust gases from the
enclosure to an add-on control device.
Protective oil means an organic material that is applied to metal
for the purpose of providing lubrication or protection from corrosion
without forming a solid film. This definition of protective oil
includes, but is not limited to, lubricating oils, evaporative oils
(including those that evaporate completely), and extrusion oils.
Research or laboratory facility means a facility whose primary
purpose is for research and development of new processes and products
that is conducted under the close supervision of technically trained
personnel and is not engaged in the manufacture of final or
intermediate products for commercial purposes, except in a de minimis
manner.
Responsible official means responsible official as defined in 40
CFR 70.2.
Sheetcoating means a can manufacturing coating process that
involves coating of flat metal sheets before they are formed into cans.
Side seam stripe means a coating applied to the interior and/or
exterior of the welded or soldered seam of a three-piece can body to
protect the exposed metal.
Startup, initial means the first time equipment is brought online
in a facility.
Surface preparation means use of a cleaning material on a portion
of or all of a substrate. That includes use of a cleaning material to
remove dried coating which is sometimes called ``depainting.''
Temporary total enclosure (TTE) means an enclosure constructed for
the purpose of measuring the capture efficiency of pollutants emitted
from a given source as defined in Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR part
51.
Thinner means an organic solvent that is added to a coating after
the coating is received from the supplier.
Three-piece aerosol can means a steel aerosol can formed by the
three-piece can assembly process manufactured to contain food or non-
food products.
Three-piece can assembly means the process of forming a flat metal
sheet into a shaped can body which may include the processes of
necking, flanging, beading, and seaming and application of a side seam
stripe and/or an inside spray coating.
Three-piece food can means a steel can formed by the three-piece
can assembly process manufactured to contain edible products and
designed to be hermetically sealed.
Total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) means the total amount of
nonaqueous volatile organic matter determined according to Methods 204
and 204A through 204F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 and substituting
the term TVH each place in the methods where the term VOC is used. The
TVH includes both VOC and non-VOC.
Two-piece beverage can means a two-piece draw and iron can
manufactured to contain drinkable liquids such as beer, soft drinks, or
fruit juices.
Two-piece food can means a steel or aluminum can manufactured by
the draw and iron process and designed to contain edible products other
than beverages and to be hermetically sealed.
Uncontrolled coating operation means a coating operation from which
none of the organic HAP emissions are routed through an emission
capture system and add-on control device.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) means any compound defined as VOC
in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
Volume fraction of coating solids means the ratio of the volume of
coating solids (also known as volume of nonvolatiles) to the volume of
coating; liters of coating solids per liter of coating.
Wastewater means water that is generated in a coating operation and
is collected, stored, or treated prior to being discarded or
discharged.

Tables to Subpart KKKK of Part 63

You must comply with the emission limits that apply to your
affected source in the following table as required by Sec. 63.3490(a)
through (c).

[[Page 2159]]

Table 1 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63--Emission Limits for New or
Reconstructed Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
you must meet
the following
organic HAP
If you apply surface coatings to then for all emission limit
metal cans or metal can parts in coatings of this in kg/liter
this subcategory . . . type . . . solids (lbs
HAP/gal
solids): \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. One and two-piece draw and iron a. Two-piece 0.04 (0.31)
can body coating. beverage cans--all
coatings.
b. Two-piece food 0.06 (0.50)
cans--all coatings.
c. One-piece aerosol 0.08 (0.65)
cans--all coatings.
2. Sheetcoating................... Sheetcoating........ 0.02 (0.17)
3. Three-piece can assembly....... a. Inside spray..... 0.12 (1.03)
b. Aseptic side seam 1.48 (12.37)
stripes on food 0.72 (5.96)
cans. 1.18 (9.84)
c. Non-aseptic side 1.46 (12.14)
seam stripes on
food cans.
d. Side seam stripes
on general line non-
food cans.
e. Side seam stripes
on aerosol cans.
4. End lining..................... a. Aseptic end seal 0.06 (0.54)
compounds. 0.00 (0.00)
b. Non-aseptic end
seal compounds.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ If you apply surface coatings of more than one type within any one
subcategory you may calculate an OSEL according to Sec. 63.3551(i).

You must comply with the emission limits that apply to your
affected source in the following table as required by Sec. 63.3490(a)
through (c).

Table 2 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63.--Emission Limits for Existing
Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
you must meet
the following
organic HAP
If you apply surface coatings to then for all emission limit
metal cans or metal can parts in coatings of this in kg HAP/
this subcategory . . . type . . . liter solids
(lbs HAP/gal
solids): a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. One and two-piece draw and iron a. Two-piece 0.07 (0.59)
can body coating. beverage cans--all
coatings.
b. Two-piece food 0.06 (0.51)
cans--all coatings.
c. One-piece aerosol 0.12 (0.99)
cans--all coatings.
2. Sheetcoating................... Sheetcoating........ 0.03 (0.26)
3. Three-piece can assembly....... a. Inside spray..... 0.29 (2.43)
b. Aseptic side seam 1.94 (16.16)
stripes on food
cans.
c. Non-aseptic side 0.79 (6.57)
seam stripes on
food cans.
d. Side seam stripes 1.18 (9.84)
on general line non-
food cans.
e. Side seam stripes 1.46 (12.14)
on aerosol cans.
4. End lining..................... a. Aseptic end seal 0.06 (0.54)
compounds.
b. Non-aseptic end 0.00 (0.00)
seal compounds.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a If you apply surface coatings of more than one type within any one
subcategory you may calculate an OSEL according to Sec. 63.3551(i).

You must comply with the emission limits that apply to your
affected source in the following table as required by Sec. 63.3490(d).

Table 3 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63.--Emission Limits for Affected
Sources Using the Control Efficiency/Outlet Concentration Compliance
Option
------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you use the control efficiency/ then you must comply with one
outlet concentration option to comply of the following by using an
with the emission limitations for any emissions control system to . .
coating operation(s) . . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. in a new or reconstructed affected a. reduce emissions of total
source. HAP, measured as THC (as
carbon),\a\ by 97 percent; or
b. limit emissions of total
HAP, measured as THC (as
carbon) \a\ to 20 ppmvd at the
control device outlet and use
a PTE.
2. in an existing affected source...... a. reduce emissions of total
HAP, measured as THC (as
carbon),\a\ by 95 percent; or
b. limit emissions of total
HAP, measured as THC (as
carbon) \a\ to 20 ppmvd at the
control device outlet and use
a PTE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ You may choose to subtract methane from THC as carbon measurements.

If you are required to comply with operating limits by Sec.
63.3492, you must comply with the applicable operating limits in the
following table.

[[Page 2160]]

Table 4 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63.--Operating Limits if Using the
Emission Rate With Add-on Controls Option or the Control Efficiency/
Outlet Concentration Compliance Option
------------------------------------------------------------------------
and you must
demonstrate
For the following device . . You must meet the continuous
. following operating compliance with the
limit . . . operating limit by .
. .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. thermal oxidizer........ a. the average i. collecting the
combustion combustion
temperature in any temperature data
3-hour period must according to Sec.
not fall below the 63.3568(c) or Sec.
combustion 63.3578(c);
temperature limit ii. reducing the
established data to 3-hour
according to Sec. block averages; and
63.3567(a) or Sec. iii. maintaining the
63.3577(a). 3-hour average
combustion
temperature at or
above the
temperature limit.
2. catalytic oxidizer...... a. the average i. collecting the
temperature temperature data
measured just according to Sec.
before the catalyst 63.3568(c) or Sec.
bed in any 3-hour 6.3578(c);
period must not ii. reducing the
fall below the data to 3-hour
limit established block averages; and
according to Sec. iii. maintaining the
63.3567(b) or Sec. 3-hour average
63.3577(b); and temperature before
either. the catalyst bed at
or above the
temperature limit.
b. ensure that the i. collecting the
average temperature temperature data
difference across according to Sec.
the catalyst bed in 63.3568(c) or Sec.
any 3-hour period 63.3578(c);
does not fall below ii. reducing the
the temperature data to 3-hour
difference limit block averages; and
established iii. maintaining the
according to Sec. 3-hour average
63.3567(b)(2) or temperature
Sec. difference at or
63.3577(b)(2); or. above the
temperature
difference limit.
c. develop and maintaining an up-to-
implement an date inspection
inspection and plan, records of
maintenance plan annual catalyst
according to Sec. activity checks,
63.3567(b) (3) and records of monthly
(4) or Sec. inspections of the
63.3577(b) (3) and oxidizer system,
(4). and records of the
annual internal
inspections of the
catalyst bed. If a
problem is
discovered during a
monthly or annual
inspection required
by Sec.
63.3567(b) (3) and
(4) or Sec.
63.3577(b) (3) and
(4), you must take
corrective action
as soon as
practicable
consistent with the
manufacturer's
recommendations.
3. carbon adsorber......... a. the total i. measuring the
regeneration total regeneration
desorbing gas desorbing gas
(e.g., steam or (e.g., steam or
nitrogen) mass flow nitrogen) mass flow
for each carbon bed for each
regeneration cycle regeneration cycle
must not fall below according to Sec.
the total 63.3568(d) or Sec.
regeneration 63.3578(d); and
desorbing gas mass ii. maintaining the
flow limit total regeneration
established desorbing gas mass
according to Sec. flow at or above
63.3567(c) or Sec. the mass flow
63.3577(c). limit.
b. the temperature i. measuring the
of the carbon bed, temperature of the
after completing carbon bed, after
each regeneration completing each
and any cooling regeneration and
cycle, must not any cooling cycle,
exceed the carbon according to Sec.
bed temperature 63.3568(d) or Sec.
limit established 63.3578(d); and
according to Sec. ii. operating the
63.3567(c) or Sec. carbon beds such
63.3577(c). that each carbon
bed is not returned
to service until
completing each
regeneration and
any cooling cycle
until the recorded
temperature of the
carbon bed is at or
below the
temperature limit.
4. condenser................ a. the average i. collecting the
condenser outlet condenser outlet
(product side) gas (product side) gas
temperature in any temperature
3-hour period must according to Sec.
not exceed the 63.3568(e) or Sec.
temperature limit 63.3578(e);
established ii. reducing the
according to Sec. data to 3-hour
63.3567(d) or Sec. block averages; and
63.3577(d). iii. maintaining the
3-hour average gas
temperature at the
outlet at or below
the temperature
limit.
5. concentrators, including a. the average gas i. collecting the
zeolite wheels and rotary temperature of the temperature data
carbon adsorbers. desorption according to Sec.
concentrate stream 63.3568(f) or Sec.
in any 3-hour 63.3578(f);
period must not ii. Reducing the
fall below the data to 3-hour
limit established block averages; and
according to Sec. iii. Maintaining the
63.3567(e) or Sec. 3-hour average
63.3577(e). temperature at or
above the
temperature limit.
b. the average i. collecting the
pressure drop of pressure drop data
the dilute stream according to Sec.
across the 63.3568(f) or Sec.
concentrator in any 63.3578(f);
3-hour period must ii. reducing the
not fall below the pressure drop data
limit established to 3-hour block
according to Sec. averages; and
63.3567(e) or Sec. iii. maintaining the
63.3577(e). 3-hour average
pressure drop at or
above the pressure
drop limit.
6. emission capture system a. the direction of i. collecting the
that is a PTE according to the air flow at all direction of air
Sec. 63.3565(a) or Sec. times must be into flow, and either
63.3575(a). the enclosure; and the facial velocity
either. of air through all
natural draft
openings according
to Sec.
63.3568(g)(1) or
Sec.
63.3578(g)(1) or
the pressure drop
across the
enclosure according
to Sec.
63.3568(g)(2) or
Sec.
63.3578(g)(2); and
ii. maintaining the
facial velocity of
air flow through
all natural draft
openings or the
pressure drop at or
above the facial
velocity limit or
pressure drop
limit, and
maintaining the
direction of air
flow into the
enclosure at all
times.
b. the average see items 6.a. i and
facial velocity of ii.
air through all
natural draft
openings in the
enclosure must be
at least 200 feet
per minute; or.

[[Page 2161]]

c. the pressure drop see items 6.a. i and
across the ii.
enclosure must be
at least 0.007 inch
H₂O, as established
in Method 204 of
appendix M to 40
CFR part 51.
7. emission capture system a. the average gas i. collecting the
that is not a PTE according volumetric flow gas volumetric flow
to Sec. 63.3565(a) or rate or duct static rate or duct static
Sec. 63.3575(a). pressure in each pressure for each
duct between a capture device
capture device and according to Sec.
add-on control 63.3568(g) or Sec.
device inlet in any 63.3578(g);
3-hour period must ii. reducing the
not fall below the data to 3-hour
average volumetric block averages; and
flow rate or duct iii. maintaining the
static pressure 3-hour average gas
limit established volumetric flow
for that capture rate or duct static
device according to pressure for each
Sec. 63.3567(f) capture device at
Sec. 63.3577(f). or above the gas
volumetric flow
rate or duct static
pressure limit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

You must comply with the applicable General Provisions requirements
according to the following table.

Table 5 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63.--Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart KKKK
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable to subpart
Citation Subject KKKK Explanation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1(a)(1)-(14)............... General Applicability.. Yes....................
Sec. 63.1(b)(1)-(3)................ Initial Applicability Yes.................... Applicability to
Determination. subpart KKKK is also
specified in Sec.
63.3481.
Sec. 63.1(c)(1).................... Applicability After Yes....................
Standard Established.
Sec. 63.1(c)(2)-(3)................ Applicability of Permit No..................... Area sources are not
Program for Area subject to subpart
Sources. KKKK.
Sec. 63.1(c)(4)-(5)................ Extensions and Yes....................
Notifications.
Sec. 63.1(e)....................... Applicability of Permit Yes....................
Program Before
Relevant Standard is
Set.
Sec. 63.2.......................... Definitions............ Yes.................... Additional definitions
are specified in Sec.
63.3581.
Sec. 63.3(a)-(c)................... Units and Abbreviations Yes....................
Sec. 63.4(a)(1)-(5)................ Prohibited Activities.. Yes....................
Sec. 63.4(b)-(c)................... Circumvention/ Yes....................
Severability.
Sec. 63.5(a)....................... Construction/ Yes....................
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(b)(1)-(6)................ Requirements for Yes....................
Existing, Newly
Constructed, and
Reconstructed Sources.
Sec. 63.5(d)....................... Application for Yes....................
Approval of
Construction/
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(e)....................... Approval of Yes....................
Construction/
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(f)....................... Approval of Yes....................
Construction/
Reconstruction Based
on Prior State Review.
Sec. 63.6(a)....................... Compliance With Yes....................
Standards and
Maintenance
Requirements--Applicab
ility.
Sec. 63.6(b)(1)-(7)................ Compliance Dates for Yes.................... Section 63.3483
New and Reconstructed specifies the
Sources. compliance dates.
Sec. 63.6(c)(1)-(5)................ Compliance Dates for Yes.................... Section 63.3483
Existing Sources. specifies the
compliance dates.
Sec. 63.6(e)(1)-(2)................ Operation and Yes....................
Maintenance.
Sec. 63.6(e)(3).................... SSMP................... Yes.................... Only sources using an
add-on control device
to comply with the
standard must complete
SSMP.
Sec. 63.6(f)(1).................... Compliance Except Yes.................... Applies only to sources
During Startup, using an add-on
Shutdown, and control device to
Malfunction. comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.6(f)(2)-(3)................ Methods for Determining Yes....................
Compliance.
Sec. 63.6(g)(1)-(3)................ Use of an Alternative Yes....................
Standard.
Sec. 63.6(h)....................... Compliance With Opacity/ No..................... Subpart KKKK does not
Visible Emission establish opacity
Standards. standards and does not
require continuous
opacity monitoring
systems (COMS).
Sec. 63.6(i)(1)-(16)............... Extension of Compliance Yes....................

[[Page 2162]]

Sec. 63.6(j)....................... Presidential Compliance Yes....................
Exemption.
Sec. 63.7(a)(1).................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies to all affected
Requirements--Applicab sources. Additional
ility. requirements for
performance testing
are specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.3564,
63.3565, 63.3566, ,
63.3575, and 63.3576.
Sec. 63.7(a)(2).................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Dates. performance tests for
capture system and
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Sections 63.3560 and
63.3570 specify the
schedule for
performance test
requirements that are
earlier than those
specified in Sec.
63.7(a)(2).
Sec. 63.7(a)(3).................... Performance Tests ....................... Yes
Required By the
Administrator.
Sec. 63.7(b)-(e)................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Notifica performance tests for
tion, Quality capture system and add-
Assurance, Facilities on control device
Necessary for Safe efficiency at sources
Testing, Conditions using these to comply
During Test. with the standards.
Sec. 63.7(f)....................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies to all test
Requirementsk--Use of methods except those
Alternative Test used to determine
Method. capture system
efficiency.
Sec. 63.7(g)-(h)................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Data performance tests for
Analysis, capture system and add-
Recordkeeping, on control device
Reporting, Waiver of efficiency at sources
Test. using these to comply
with the standards.
Sec. 63.8(a)(1)-(3)................ Monitoring Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Applicab monitoring of capture
ility. system and add-on
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Additional
requirements for
monitoring are
specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.3568 and
63.3578.
Sec. 63.8(a)(4).................... Additional Monitoring No..................... Subpart KKKK does not
Requirements. have monitoring
requirements for
flares.
Sec. 63.8(b)....................... Conduct of Monitoring.. Yes....................
Sec. 63.8(c)(1)-(3)................ Continuous Monitoring Yes.................... Applies only to
System (CMS) monitoring of capture
Operataion and system and add-on
Maintenance. control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Additional
requirements for CMS
operations and
maintenance are
specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.3568 and
63.3578.
Sec. 63.8(c)(4).................... CMS.................... No..................... Sections 63.3568 and
63.3578 specify the
requirements for the
operation of CMS for
capture systems and
add-on control devices
at sources using these
to comply.
Sec. 63.8(c)(5).................... COMS................... No..................... Subpart KKKK does not
have opacity or
visible emission
standards.
Sec. 63.8(c)(6).................... CMS Requirements....... No..................... Sections 63.3568 and
63.3578 specify the
requirements for
monitoring systems for
capture systems and
add-on control devices
at sources using these
to comply.
Sec. 63.8(c)(7).................... CMS Out-of-control Yes....................
Periods.
Sec. 63.8(c)(8).................... CMS Out-of-control No..................... Section 63.3520
Period Reporting. requires reporting of
CMS out of control
periods.

[[Page 2163]]

Sec. 63.8(d)-(e)................... Quality Control Program Yes.................... Applies only to sources
and CMS Performance using the outlet
Evaluation. concentration limit
option to comply with
the standards.
Sec. 63.8(f)(1)-(5)................ Use of an Alternative Yes....................
Monitoring Method.
Sec. 63.8(f)(6).................... Alternative to Relative Yes.................... Applies only to sources
Accuracy Test. using the outlet
concentration limit
option to comply with
the standards.
Sec. 63.8(g)(1)-(5)................ Data Reduction......... No..................... Sec. Sec. 63.3563,
63.3568, 63.3573 and
63.3578 specify
monitoring data
reduction.
Sec. 63.9(a)-(d)................... Notification Yes....................
Requirements.
Sec. 63.9(e)....................... Notification of Yes.................... Applies only to capture
Performance Test. system and add-on
control device
performance tests at
sources using these to
comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.9(f)....................... Notification of Visible No..................... Subpart KKKK does not
Emissions/Opacity Test. have opacity or
visible emission
standards.
Sec. 63.9(g)(1)-(3)................ Additional Yes.................... Applies only to sources
Notifications When using the outlet
Using CMS. concentration limit
option to comply with
the standards.
Sec. 63.9(h)....................... Notification of Yes.................... Section 63.3510
Compliance Status. specifies the dates
for submitting the
notification of
compliance status.
Sec. 63.9(i)....................... Adjustment of Submittal Yes....................
Deadlines.
Sec. 63.9(j)....................... Change in Previous Yes....................
Information.
Sec. 63.10(a)...................... Recordkeeping/ Yes....................
Reporting--Applicabili
ty and General
Information.
Sec. 63.10(b)(1)................... General Recordkeeping Yes.................... Additional requirements
Requirements. are specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.3530 and
63.3531.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(i)-(v)............ Recordkeeping Relevant Yes.................... Requirements for
to Startup, Shutdown, Startup, Shutdown, and
and Malfunction Malfunction records
Periods and CMS. only apply to add-on
control devices used
to comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(vi)-(xi).......... ....................... Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xii).............. Records................ Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiii)............. ....................... Yes.................... Applies only to sources
using the outlet
concentration limit
option to comply with
the standards.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiv).............. ....................... Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(b)(3)................... Recordkeeping Yes....................
Requirements for
Applicability
Determinations.
Sec. 63.10(c)(1)-(6)............... Additional Yes....................
Recordkeeping
Requirements for
Sources with CMS.
Sec. 63.10(c)(7)-(8)............... ....................... No..................... The same records are
required in Sec.
63.3520(a)(7).
Sec. 63.10(c)(9)-(15).............. ....................... Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(d)(1)................... General Reporting Yes.................... Additional requirements
Requirements. are specified in Sec.
63.3520.
Sec. 63.10(d)(2)................... Report of Performance Yes.................... Additional requirements
Test Results. are specified in Sec.
63.3520(b).
Sec. 63.10(d)(3)................... Reporting Opacity No..................... Subpart KKKK does or
Visible Emissions not require opacity or
Observations. visible emissions
observations.
Sec. 63.10(d)(4)................... Progress Reports for Yes....................
Sources With
Compliance Extensions.
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)................... Startup, Shutdown, and Yes.................... Applies only to add-on
Malfunction Reports. control devices at
sources using these to
comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.10(e)(1)-(2)............... Additional CMS Reports. Yes.................... Applies only to sources
using the outlet
concentration limit
option to comply with
the standards.
Sec. 63.10(e)(3)................... Excess Emissions/CMS No..................... Section 63.3520(b)
Performance Reports. specifies the contents
of periodic compliance
reports.

[[Page 2164]]

Sec. 63.10(e)(4)................... COMS Data Reports...... No..................... Subpart KKKK does not
specify requirements
for opacity or COMS.
Sec. 63.10(f)...................... Recordkeeping/Reporting Yes....................
Waiver.
Sec. 63.11......................... Control Device No..................... Subpart KKKK does not
Requirements/Flares. specify use of flares
for compliance.
Sec. 63.12......................... State Authority and Yes....................
Delegations.
Sec. 63.13......................... Addresses.............. Yes....................
Sec. 63.14......................... Incorporation by Yes....................
Reference.
Sec. 63.15......................... Availability of Yes....................
Information/
Confidentiality.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data.

Table 6 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average organic HAP Typical organic HAP,
Solvent/solvent blend CAS. No. mass fraction percent by mass
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Toluene.......................... 108-88-3............... 1.0.................... Toluene.
2. Xylene(s)........................ 1330-20-7.............. 1.0.................... Xylenes, ethylbenzene.
3. Hexane........................... 110-54-3............... 0.5.................... n-hexane.
4. n-Hexane......................... 110-54-3............... 1.0.................... n-hexane.
5. Ethylbenzene..................... 100-41-4............... 1.0.................... Ethylbenzene.
6. Aliphatic 140.................... ....................... 0...................... None.
7. Aromatic 100..................... ....................... 0.02................... 1% xylene, 1% cumene.
8. Aromatic 150..................... ....................... 0.09................... Naphthalene.
9. Aromatic naphtha................. 64742-95-6............. 0.02................... 1% xylene, 1% cumene.
10. Aromatic solvent................. 64742-94-5............. 0.1.................... Naphthalene.
11. Exempt mineral spirits........... 8032-32-4.............. 0...................... None.
12. Ligroines (VM & P)............... 8032-32-4.............. 0...................... None.
13. Lactol spirits................... 64742-89-6............. 0.15................... Toluene.
14. Low aromatic white spirit........ 64742-82-1............. 0...................... None.
15. Mineral spirits.................. 64742-88-7............. 0.01................... Xylenes.
16. Hydrotreated naphtha............. 64742-48-9............. 0...................... None.
17. Hydrotreated light distillate.... 64742-47-8............. 0.001.................. Toluene.
18. Stoddard solvent................. 8052-41-3.............. 0.01................... Xylenes.
19. Super high-flash naphtha......... 64742-95-6............. 0.05................... Xylenes.
20. Varsol[reg]
solvent.............. 8052-49-3.............. 0.01................... 0.5% xylenes, 0.5%
ethylbenzene.
21. VM & P Naphtha................... 64742-89-8............. 0.06................... 3% toluene, 3% xylene.
22. Petroleum distillate mixture..... 68477-31-6............. 0.08................... 4% naphthalene, 4%
biphenyl.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data.

Table 7 to Subpart KKKK of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction
for Petroleum Solvent Groups a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Typical Organic
Solvent type Average organic HAP percent by
HAP, mass fraction mass
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aliphatic b..................... 0.03.............. 1% Xylene, 1%
Toluene, and 1%
Ethylbenzene
Aromatic c...................... 0.06.............. 4% Xylene, 1%
Toluene, and 1%
Ethylbenzene
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Use this table only if the solvent blend does not match any of the
solvent blends in Table 6 to this subpart and you only know whether
the blend is aliphatic or aromatic.
b e.g., Mineral Spirits 135, Mineral Spirits 150 EC, Naphtha, Mixed
Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic Naphtha, Naphthol
Spirits, Petroleum Spirits, Petroleum Oil, Petroleum Naphtha, Solvent
Naphtha, Solvent Blend.
c e.g., Medium-flash Naphtha, High-flash Naphtha, Aromatic Naphtha,
Light Aromatic Naphtha, Light Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
Hydrocarbons, Light Aromatic Solvent.

[FR Doc. 03-87 Filed 1-14-03; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

Notices For
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
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2001
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1994

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Metal Cans

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