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Extension of Effective Date of Environmental Impact Assessment of Nongovernmental Activities in Antarctica
Note: EPA no longer updates this information, but it may be useful as a reference or resource.
[Federal Register: April 15, 1998 (Volume 63, Number 72)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 18352-18354]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr15ap98-30]
[[Page 18352]]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 8
[FRL-5994-1]
Extension of Effective Date of Environmental Impact Assessment of
Nongovernmental Activities in Antarctica
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: On April 30, 1997, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
promulgated a regulation on environmental impact assessment of
nongovernmental activities in Antarctica under Public Law 104-227, the
Antarctic Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act of 1996. The April 30,
1997, Interim Final Rule applies only to nongovernmental activities
that may occur through the 1998-99 austral summer, to be replaced by a
final rule. The EPA had planned to promulgate the final rule prior to
October 2, 1998. However, representatives from the affected industry
and environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have requested
that EPA delay promulgation of the final rule for at least one year so
that more experience with the Interim Final Rule can be considered in
developing the final rule. After consultation with other Federal
agencies which are involved with nongovernmental activities in
Antarctica, EPA has determined that this request is reasonable and that
additional time to develop the final rule will be beneficial. In order
to delay promulgation of the final rule, EPA must amend the Interim
Final Rule to extend its applicability through the 2000-2001 austral
summer. Accordingly, EPA is proposing this amendment to extend the
effective date of the Interim Final Rule.
The EPA is also publishing an identical amendment to the Interim
Final Rule as a direct amendment to the interim final rule in the final
rules section of today's Federal Register. The EPA is promulgating the
amendment to extend the effective date of the Interim Final Rule as a
direct amendment to the interim final rule without prior proposal,
because EPA views this as a noncontroversial action and anticipates no
adverse comments. However, if the time extension amendment in the
direct final rule receives relevant adverse comment, then EPA will
withdraw the direct amendment to the interim final rule prior to its
effective date and consider the comments received on it as comments on
this proposed rule. For instructions on commenting to EPA on this
proposed rule, please see the ADDRESSES section.
DATES: Comments must be received by June 15, 1998.
ADDRESSES: Comments must be addressed to Mr. Joseph Montgomery or Ms.
Katherine Biggs, Office of Federal Activities (2252A), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC
20460.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Joseph Montgomery or Ms. Katherine
Biggs, Office of Federal Activities (2252A), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone:
(202) 564-7157 or (202) 564-7144, respectively.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: For additional information, see the direct
amendment to interim final rule published in the final rules section of
this Federal Register. For information on this proposed rule and the
associated direct amendment to interim final rulemaking, see the
SUMMARY section of this document.
I. Executive Order Clearance
Under Executive Order 12866, (58 FR 51,735 (October 4, 1993)) the
EPA must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and
therefore subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) and the requirements of the Executive Order. The Order defines
``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a
rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, EPA determined that
the Interim Final Rule (62 FR 83, 23544 (April 30, 1997)) was a
``significant regulatory action.'' Although none of the first three
criteria apply, the Interim Final Rule raised novel legal or policy
issues arising out of legal mandates under P.L. 104-227, the Antarctic
Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act of 1996 and the Protocol on
Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty of 1959. Accordingly,
the Interim Final Rule was submitted to OMB for review. Changes were
made in response to OMB recommendations. The EPA has determined,
however, that this action to amend the effective date of the Interim
Final Rule is not a ``significant regulatory action'' because the legal
and policies issues raised are no longer novel and were considered
previously by OMB and because the first three criteria still do not
apply. Accordingly, this action was not submitted to OMB for review.
II. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The EPA determined that the Interim Final Rule issued April 30,
1997, was not subject to the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), which
generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory flexibility
analysis for any proposed and final rule, unless the agency certifies
that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. By its terms, the RFA applies
only to rules for which the Agency is required to conduct notice-and-
comment rulemaking under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) or any
other statute. The Interim Final Rule was not subject to the RFA
because EPA promulgated the rule invoking the ``good cause'' exemption
provided in section 553(b) of the APA, 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), which
removed the rule from the APA notice and comment requirements.
Today's proposed regulation, although it does no more than extend
the effective date of the Interim Final Rule, is not exempt from APA
notice and comment requirements, and is, therefore, subject to the
requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act. The Agency has
carefully assessed the impact of this proposed regulation on small
entities, and has determined that it is appropriate to certify that it
will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities.
This determination is based on several factors. First, the total
number of entities subject to the rule is small, probably no more than
10. However, the overwhelming majority of the affected entities will be
small. Nevertheless, the impact of the rule will be low because
assessments are already done pursuant to the current rule. Further,
because the Interim Final Rule, as proposed today, only requires
assessment of environmental impacts, it will not cause any revenue
reductions. The only economic effects of the rule on small businesses
will be limited primarily to the cost of preparing an assessment. As
[[Page 18353]]
explained further below in the discussion of the Paperwork Reduction
Act, these costs should have been relatively minor even for the first
year's submission, which all operators completed. Further, EPA
anticipates few, if any, new operators will enter the field, and that
for existing operators submissions in succeeding years will be able to
re-use or modify substantial portions of the first year's
documentation, further reducing costs.
In addition, EPA has ensured the impact to small entities is
minimized by drafting the Interim Final Rule such that the requirements
it imposes are no greater than necessary to ensure that the United
States will be in compliance with its international obligations under
the Protocol and the Treaty. Finally, EPA has included a number of
provisions, e.g., incorporation of information and consolidation of
documentation, in the Interim Final Rule which should minimize the cost
of such an analysis.
III. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and Executive Order 12875
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), P.L.
104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the
effects of their regulatory actions on state, local, and tribal
governments and the private sector. The UMRA did not apply to the
Interim Final Rule because it was necessary for the ratification and
implementation of international treaty obligations. The Interim Final
Rule was not subject to the requirements of sections 202 and 205 of the
UMRA. In any event, EPA determined that the Interim Final Rule did not
contain a Federal mandate that may result in annual expenditures of
$100 million or more for state, local, and tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or for the private sector. The EPA also determined that the
Interim Final Rule contained no regulatory requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments under section 203 of
the UMRA. This proposed action is merely an extension of the effective
date of the Interim Final Rule and imposes no burdens that may result
in annual expenditures of $100 million or more. The rule, as extended,
also is not expected to impact small governments significantly or
uniquely. Accordingly, the requirements of UMRA do not apply.
Executive Order 12875, Enhancing Intergovernmental Partnerships,
likewise requires EPA to address certain effects on state, local, and
tribal governments, but does not apply to the private sector. Since
this regulation will affect only the private sector, and not any local,
state, or tribal governments, the Executive Order does not apply.
IV. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements in the Interim Final Rule
were submitted for approval to the OMB under the Paperwork Reduction
Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. Under Section 1320.13 of this Act, EPA
received emergency approval, and a six month extension of this
approval, from OMB for the Interim Final Rule. The OMB's approval
expires in August 1998. Information Collection Request (ICR) Supporting
Statements were prepared by EPA for the emergency approval of the ICR
for the Interim Final Rule (ICR No. 1808.01) and the extension of this
approval, and copies may be obtained from Ms. Sandy Farmer, Regulatory
Information Division (2136), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401
M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460; telephone: (202) 260-2740.
The emergency request for ICR approval along with the Interim Final
Rule were necessary so that implementing regulations would be in place
contemporaneously with the United States' ratification of the Protocol
and in order to implement its obligations under the Protocol as soon as
the Protocol entered into force. The Interim Final Rule provides
nongovernmental operators with the specific environmental documentation
requirements they must meet in order to comply with the Protocol.
Nongovernmental operators, including tour operators, conducting
expeditions to Antarctica are required to submit environmental
documentation to EPA that evaluates the potential environmental impact
of their proposed activities. If EPA has no comments, or if the
documentation is satisfactorily revised in response to EPA's comments,
and the operator does not receive a notice from EPA that the
environmental documentation does not meet the requirements of Article 8
and Annex I of the Protocol and the provisions of the interim final
regulations, the operator will have no further obligations pursuant to
the applicable requirements of the interim final regulations provided
that any appropriate measures, which may include monitoring, are put in
place to assess and verify the impact of the activity.
The type of environmental document required depends upon the nature
and intensity of the environmental impacts that could result from the
activity under consideration. The Interim Final Rule provides for
incorporation of material into an environmental document by referring
to it in the document when the effect will be to reduce paperwork.
Further, an operator may include more than one proposed expedition
within one environmental document and one environmental document may
also be used to address expeditions being carried out by more than one
operator further reducing burden. In addition, EPA anticipates that
operators will likely use the environmental documents submitted for
their 1997-1998 expeditions, with appropriate revisions, for submittal
in subsequent years under the Interim Final Rule.
This proposed action is merely an extension of the effective date
of the Interim Final Rule, and is being proposed in part in response to
Antarctica tour operators. The EPA is preparing the ICR Supporting
Statement for the Interim Final Rule taking into account the experience
of the Federal agencies and the nongovernmental operators, including
tour operators, subject to the Interim Final Rule during the 1997-1998
austral season covered by OMB's emergency ICR approval. A Federal
Register Notice will be published informing the public of the
availability of the Supporting Statement for review and comment.
Following the public comment period, EPA will address any relevant
comments and then request OMB's approval of the ICR for the Interim
Final Rule prior to the information collection schedule for the 1998-
1999 austral season. For the limited time the Interim Final Rule will
be in effect, the EPA anticipates that operators will, as they did for
the 1997-1998 austral season, make one submittal per year for all of
their expeditions for that year. No capital costs or operational and
maintenance costs are anticipated to be incurred as a result of the ICR
for the Interim Final Rule. The following estimates were provided in
the Interim Final Rule promulgated on April 30, 1997 (62 FR 83, 23538
(April 30, 1997)).
Frequency of Reporting: Once per year.
Affected Public: Businesses, other nongovernmental entities
including for profit entities, and not for profit institutions.
Number of Respondents: 8.
Estimated Average Time Per Respondent: 120 Hours.
Total Annual Burden Hours: 960.
Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time
needed to: review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and
verifying
[[Page 18354]]
information, processing and maintaining information, and disclosing and
providing information; adjust the existing ways to comply with any
previously applicable instructions and requirements; train personnel to
be able to respond to a collection of information; search data sources;
complete and review the collection of information; and transmit or
otherwise disclose the information.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
regulations are listed in 40 CFR Part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter 15.
V. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Under the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act, 15
U.S.C. 272 note, EPA must use voluntary consensus standards to carry
out policy objectives or activities unless it would be impractical to
do so. In this case, such standards, applicable to this regulation, do
not exist. Accordingly, the use of such standards is not required.
VI. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally
provides that, before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule,
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the
United States. EPA will submit a report containing the final rule and
other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior
to publication of the final rule in the Federal Register. This proposed
rule is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 8
Environmental protection, Antarctica, Enforcement, Environmental
documentation, Environmental impact assessment, Penalties, Prohibited
acts.
Dated: April 2, 1998.
Steven A. Herman,
Assistant Administrator, Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance.
[FR Doc. 98-10007 Filed 4-14-98; 8:45 am]
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