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Fisheries Off West Coast States and in the Western Pacific; Coastal Pelagic Species Fisheries; Annual Specifications
Note: EPA no longer updates this information, but it may be useful as a reference or resource.
[Federal Register: December 3, 2003 (Volume 68, Number 232)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 67638-67640]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr03de03-20]
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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
50 CFR Part 660
[Docket No. 031125290-3290-01; I.D. 111203D]
RIN 0648-AQ97
Fisheries Off West Coast States and in the Western Pacific;
Coastal Pelagic Species Fisheries; Annual Specifications
AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.
ACTION: Proposed rule; request for comments.
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SUMMARY: NMFS proposes a regulation to implement the annual harvest
guideline for Pacific sardine in the U.S. exclusive economic zone off
the Pacific coast for the fishing season January 1, 2004, through
December 31, 2004. This harvest guideline has been calculated according
to the regulations implementing the Coastal Pelagic Species (CPS)
Fishery Management Plan (FMP) and establishes allowable harvest levels
for Pacific sardine off the Pacific coast.
DATES: Comments must be received by December 17, 2003.
ADDRESSES: Send comments on the proposed rule to Rodney R. McInnis,
Acting Administrator, Southwest Region, NMFS, 501 West Ocean Blvd.,
Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802-4213. The report Stock Assessment of
Pacific Sardine with Management Recommendations for 2004 may be
obtained at this same address. An environmental assessment/regulatory
impact review/initial regulatory flexibility analysis (IRFA) for this
proposed rule may be obtained at this same address.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Svein Fougner, Southwest Region, NMFS,
562-980-4040.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The FMP, which was implemented by
publication of the final rule in the Federal Register on December 15,
1999 (64 FR 69888), divides management unit species into two
categories: actively managed and monitored. Harvest guidelines for
actively managed species (Pacific sardine and Pacific mackerel) are
based on formulas applied to current biomass estimates. Biomass
estimates are not calculated for species that are only monitored (jack
mackerel, northern anchovy, and market squid).
At a public meeting each year, the biomass for each actively
managed species is reviewed by the Pacific Fishery Management Council's
(Council) Coastal Pelagic Species Management Team (Team). The biomass,
harvest guideline, and status of the fisheries are then reviewed at a
public meeting of the Council's CPS Advisory Subpanel (Subpanel). This
information is also reviewed by the Council's Scientific and
Statistical Committee
(SSC). The Council reviews reports from the Team, Subpanel, and
SSC, and then, after providing time for public comment, makes its
recommendation to NMFS. The annual harvest guideline and season
structure are published by NMFS in the Federal Register as soon as
practicable before the beginning of the appropriate fishing season. The
Pacific sardine season begins on January 1 and ends on December 31 of
each year.
The Team meeting took place at the Southwest Fisheries Science
Center in La Jolla, CA on October 14, 2003. A public meeting between
the Team and the Subpanel was held at the same location that afternoon.
The Council reviewed the report at its November meeting in Del Mar, CA
and heard comments from its advisory bodies and the public.
Public comments are requested on how the fishery might be conducted
for the 2004 fishing season to achieve but not exceed the harvest
guideline while minimizing impacts on the harvest of other CPS.
In view of the above, the following would be implemented for the
January 1 through December 31, 2004, fishing season.
Based on a biomass estimate of 1,090,587 metric tons (mt)(in U.S.
and Mexican waters), using the FMP formula, the harvest guideline for
[[Page 67639]]
Pacific sardine in U.S. waters for January 1, 2004, through December
31, 2004, is 122,747 mt. The biomass estimate is slightly higher than
last year's biomass estimate; however, the difference between this
year's biomass is not statistically significant from the biomass
estimates of recent years. Therefore, the impacts of the fishery on the
stock will be approximately the same as in the year prior. Similarly,
the impacts of the fishery on other components of the environment will
be similar to those in 2003.
Under the FMP, the harvest guideline is allocated one-third for
Subarea A, which is north of 39[deg]
00' N. lat. (Pt. Arena, CA) to the
Canadian border, and two-thirds for Subarea B, which is south of
39[deg]
00' N. lat. to the Mexican border. Under this proposed rule,
the northern allocation for 2004 would be 40,916 mt; the southern
allocation would be 81,831 mt. In 2003, the northern allocation was
36,969 mt and the southern allocation was 73,939 mt.
Normally, an incidental landing allowance of sardine in landings of
other CPS is set at the beginning of the fishing season. The incidental
allowance would become effective if the harvest guideline is reached
and the fishery closed. A landing allowance of sardine up to 45 percent
by weight of any landing of CPS is authorized by the FMP. An incidental
allowance prevents waste of sardine caught while fishing for other
species and protects fishermen from being cited for a violation when
sardine occur in catches of other species, while controlling total
sardine harvest by reducing the potential to target sardine while
claiming to be fishing for other species. Sardine landed with other
species also requires sorting at the processing plant, which adds to
processing costs. Mixed species in the same load may damage smaller
fish. The sardine population was estimated using a modified version of
the integrated stock assessment model called Catch at Age Analysis of
Sardine Two Area Model (CANSAR TAM). CANSAR-TAM is a forward-casting,
age-structured analysis using fishery dependent and fishery independent
data to obtain annual estimates of sardine abundance, year-class
strength, and age-specific fishing mortality for 1983 through 2003. The
CANSAR-TAM was modified to account for the expansion of the Pacific
sardine stock northward to include waters off the northwest Pacific
coast. Information on the fishery and the stock assessment are found in
the report Stock Assessment of Pacific Sardine with Management
Recommendations for 2004 (see ADDRESSES).
The formula in the FMP uses the following factors to determine the
harvest guideline:
1. The biomass of age one sardine and above. For 2004, this
estimate is 1,090,587 mt.
2. The cutoff. This is the biomass level below which no commercial
fishery is allowed. The FMP established this level at 150,000 mt.
3. The portion of the sardine biomass that is in U.S. waters. For
2004, this estimate is 87 percent, based on the average of larval
distribution obtained from scientific cruises and the distribution of
the resource obtained from logbooks of fish-spotters.
4. The harvest fraction. This is the percentage of the biomass
above 150,000 mt that may be harvested. The fraction used varies (5-15
percent) with current ocean temperatures. A higher fraction is used for
warmer ocean temperatures, which favor the production of Pacific
sardine, and a lower fraction is used for cooler temperatures. For
2004, the fraction was 15 percent based on three seasons of sea surface
temperature at Scripps Pier, California.
As indicated above the harvest guideline for U.S. waters is
allocated one-third (40,916 mt) to Subarea A, two-thirds (81,831 mt) to
Subarea B.
Classification
These proposed specifications are issued under the authority of,
and are in accordance with, the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation
and Management Act, the FMP, and 50 CFR part 660, subpart I (the
regulations implementing the FMP).
This proposed rule has been determined to be exempt for significant
for purposes of Executive Order 12866.
NMFS prepared an IRFA that describes the economic impact this
proposed rule, if adopted, would have on small entities. Specifically,
NMFS is requesting that the public provide comments on the range of
alternatives considered by NMFS and offer any additional alternatives
that NMFS should consider for the Pacific sardine fishery. The IRFA is
available from NMFS (see ADDRESSES). A summary of the IRFA follows:
A description of the action, why it is being considered, and the
legal basis for this action are contained in the SUMMARY and in the
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION of this proposed rule. A harvest guideline is
established by the FMP to limit harvests to levels that protect the
resource while providing a source of revenue for the fishing industry
and other benefits to society over the long term.
The harvest formula in the FMP is conservative and a significantly
higher harvest than that allowed by the FMP could be realized without a
detrimental effect on the resource, at least in the short term; this
could provide substantial economic benefits to the fishing industry.
However, there are both biological and economic reasons to restrain
harvests. First, there is uncertainty about the effect of expanded
harvests in the northern subarea; that fishery takes larger fish that
may play an important role in maintenance of resource productivity.
Research into the relationship of the northern and southern components
is necessary before allowing higher harvests. Second, the harvest
guideline derived by the current formula has provided sufficient
resources in recent years to satisfy existing markets; therefore, there
would not likely be a significant economic benefit from a higher
harvest guideline. The best information available on the economics of
the CPS fishery indicates that landings and revenue have increased
steadily since recovery of the resource began and could increase in
2004 if additional markets were developed. However, landings in 2003
are projected to be similar to the landings in 2001 and 2002,
suggesting that markets are saturated. Therefore, there would not
likely be a significant increase in harvests even if more fish were
made available. That is, there is little opportunity to increase
revenue in 2004.
Implementing the 2003 harvest guideline and allocations (i.e., the
no action alternative) would keep the fishery at 2003 levels. There
would not be much difference between this alternative and the proposed
action as the harvest guideline would be quite similar.
Implementing the new harvest guideline for 2004 without allocating
to the different subareas would set up a derby fishery without regard
to the allocation procedures in the FMP. The fisheries in Subarea A and
in Subarea B could harvest without restriction. There would be a
possibility that the fishery in the northern subarea would harvest
sardine at a level that would result in either a shift of fishery
benefits from south to north or an early closure of the coastwide
fishery. There would be increased revenue in the north at the expense
of the southern fishery. However, premature closure would also result
in substantial idle purse seine capacity in the southern subarea, where
the fishery has traditionally been more active in the fall and winter.
Setting a harvest guideline above that authorized by the FMP is
conceivable if
[[Page 67640]]
the biomass and the harvest guideline were low and recruitment high.
The harvest guideline is based on greater than age 1 plus sardine. If
the biomass of sardine less than age 1 were known to be high, then some
economic benefits would accrue to the fishing industry by allowing a
harvest greater than that permitted by the formula in the FMP based on
the premise that these fish are short-lived and should be harvested
when available. If this situation occurred, economic benefits could be
conferred on the fishing industry with the possibility of no negative
biological impact. However, this approach faces two difficulties: (1)
The higher the harvest is above that authorized by the FMP, the greater
the potential for exacerbating a decline of the resource. The risk
would be small at high biomass levels such as those of recent years,
but as noted there is uncertainty, especially concerning the
relationship between the northern and southern components of the stock.
Further, there is no need for a higher harvest guideline at this time
because, under the current approach, enough sardine has been available
for harvest to satisfy existing market. (2) Such an approach (allowing
higher harvests) would most likely be viewed favorably by industry if
the biomass (and ensuing harvest guideline) were low and the fishery
faced economic hardship from a lack of other fishing opportunities. In
this situation, the potential for negative biological impacts is
substantial. The uncertainty of the estimate of sardine less than age 1
is high. The estimates of biomass and/or recruitment could be high, but
natural mortality is high, and how much biomass a zero age class will
contribute to the biomass of the resource is uncertain. This increases
the likelihood of negative biological impacts. In the final analysis,
however, this alternative would have similar results as the proposed
action. The proposed harvest guideline is at a level that allows
maximum use by existing markets; therefore, there would not likely be
significant benefits from a higher harvest guideline. If information on
Pacific sardine became available that had not been previously
considered indicating a risk of following the harvest formula in the
FMP, a more conservative harvest guideline might be implemented to
protect the resource. There is no such information at this time. The
harvest formula in the FMP, however, sets a conservative harvest
policy. Setting a harvest guideline lower than required by the FMP
would not likely bestow significant biological benefits at current
biomass levels.
In summary, there are no factors that would justify deviation from
the harvest guideline formula and allocation approach of the FMP. The
requirements of the FMP that specify a harvest guideline action based
on scientific data and a formula in the FMP continue to be valid.
Setting a harvest guideline less than the proposed harvest guideline
could have significant economic impacts. A reasonable assumption is
that the harvest guideline will be attained. At an ex-vessel price of
$114/mt (2001-2002 average), this would yield revenue of $13.9 million.
Every 10,000 mt reduction in landings would reduce revenue by $1.14
million. Setting a harvest guideline above the level derived could
generate increased landings (though that is unlikely with current
market conditions) but at an unacceptable level of risk of economic
dislocation (if northern fisheries expanded too quickly) and ecological
difficulties in the future (if the stock is less resilient than thought
or the northern component of the stock is more important than is now
known).
This proposed rule does not duplicate overlap, or conflict with
other Federal rules. There are no reporting, recordkeeping, or other
compliance requirements in the proposed rule.
Approximately 100 vessels participate in the CPS fishery off the
U.S. West Coast. All of these vessels would be considered small
businesses under the SBA standards. Therefore, there would be no
economic impacts resulting from disproportionality between small and
large vessels under the proposed action. A limited entry fishery occurs
south of 39[deg]
N. Lat. A total of 65 vessels are permitted to
participate in the limited entry fishery. An open access fishery exists
north of 39[deg]
N. Lat. in which about 15 vessels participate. These
are also small businesses. Vessels harvesting CPS for bait are also
small businesses but are unregulated under the FMP.
Fisheries for Pacific sardine occur from Monterey, CA, south
throughout the year and off Oregon and Washington in Summer. Since
2000, most of the CPS fleet has obtained an average of 30 percent of
its total revenue from Pacific sardine. This has occurred during a
period in which there has been an increase in demand for market squid,
as well as new markets for sardine that developed since 2000. The
average annual revenue from Pacific sardine has been $9.1 million (2002
dollars) during the last 3 years (2000 through 2002). This is the
revenue the industry might expect on average given the amount of
sardine available for harvest and market demand. As of October 14,
2003, 65,000 mt had been landed. Based on historical landings, landings
may reach 90,000 mt, which is below the harvest guideline. Known
factors that have influenced the landings in 2003 is an outbreak of
domoic acid in California, which makes Pacific sardine unmarketable,
and the availability of market squid in the summer, which provides
higher revenue to the fishing industry than sardine. If the harvest
guideline is reached during the 2004 fishing season, there will be an
increase of $3.7 million in ex-vessel revenue above that of the 2003
fishing season. With a harvest guideline of 122,747 mt and an average
ex-vessel price of $114.00 per ton, potential revenue could be $14.0
million. The harvest guideline for the 2003 fishing season was 110,908
mt; however, landings are expected to reach only 90,000 or 95,000 mt by
December 31, 2003. Market demand has not supported increased harvests,
for the reasons noted above. The proposed action will yield potentially
higher revenue (about $3 million) from Pacific sardine than the current
year if the full harvest guideline is taken and prices remain constant.
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.
Dated: November 26, 2003.
Rebecca Lent,
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Regulatory Programs, National Marine
Fisheries Service.
[FR Doc. 03-30137 Filed 12-2-03; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-22-S