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Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Designations or Nondesignations of Critical Habitat for 101 Plant Species From the Island of Oahu, HI [[pp. 36049-36098]]

Note: EPA no longer updates this information, but it may be useful as a reference or resource.

 
[Federal Register: June 17, 2003 (Volume 68, Number 116)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 36049-36098]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr17jn03-11]
 
[[pp. 36049-36098]]
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Designations 
or Nondesignations of Critical Habitat for 101 Plant Species From the 
Island of Oahu, HI

[[Continued from page 36048]]
[[Page 36049]]

mature, reproducing individuals of the long-lived perennial Melicope 
saint-johnii and is currently occupied by 161 individuals. This unit is 
essential to the conservation of the species because it supports an 
extant colony of this species and includes habitat that is necessary 
for the expansion of the present population, which is currently 
considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this unit that 
are essential for this species include, but are not limited to, ridges 
or gulch bottoms in mesic forest. Although we do not believe that 
enough critical habitat currently exists to reach the recovery goal of 
8 to 10 populations for this species, this unit is geographically 
separated from the other unit designated as critical habitat for this 
island-endemic species to avoid all recovery populations from being 
destroyed by one naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Myrsine juddii--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Myrsine juddii and is 950 ha 
(2,347 ac) on private and State (Hauula Forest Reserve, Sacred Falls 
State Park, Kaipapau Forest Reserve, Kahana Valley State Park, and Ewa 
Forest Reserve) land, containing the Koolau Summit Trail. This unit 
provides habitat for 6 populations of 100 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the long-lived perennial Myrsine juddii and is currently 
occupied by 5,000 individuals. This unit is essential to the 
conservation of the species because it supports an extant colony of 
this species and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion 
of the present population. The habitat features contained in this unit 
that are essential for this species include, but are not limited to, 
ridge crests or gulch slopes in wet forests or shrublands dominated by 
Metrosideros polymorpha or a mixture of Metrosideros polymorpha and 
Dicranopteris linearis. This unit is extensive and is geographically 
separated from Army lands at Kawailoa and Schofield Barracks that 
provide habitat for four populations of this species (see ``Analysis of 
Impacts Under Section 4(b)(2): Other Impacts''). It is therefore 
unlikely that all populations would be destroyed by one naturally 
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 3--Neraudia angulata--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Neraudia angulata and is 39 ha 
(97 ac) on State (Kaena Point State Park and Kuaokala Forest Reserve) 
land. This unit contains no named natural features. This unit provides 
habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of 
the short-lived perennial Neraudia angulata and is currently occupied 
by 2 individuals. This unit is essential to the conservation of the 
species because it supports an extant colony of this species and 
includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present 
population, which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential for Neraudia 
angulata var. angulata include, but are not limited to, slopes, ledges, 
or gulches in lowland mesic or dry forest. The habitat features 
contained in this unit that are essential for Neraudia angulata var. 
dentata include, but are not limited to, cliffs, rock embankments, 
gulches, or slopes in mesic or dry forest. This unit is geographically 
separated from the other five units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species, and from habitat for three populations on 
Army lands at Makua Military Reservation, in order to avoid all 
recovery populations from being destroyed by one naturally occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Neraudia angulata--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Neraudia angulata and is 90 ha 
(222 ac) on private and State (Mokuleia Forest Reserve and Pahole NAR) 
land. This unit contains no named natural features. This unit provides 
habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of 
the short-lived perennial Neraudia angulata and is currently occupied 
by one individual. This unit is essential to the conservation of the 
species because it supports an extant colony of this species and 
includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present 
population, which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential for Neraudia 
angulata var. angulata include, but are not limited to, slopes, ledges, 
or gulches in lowland mesic or dry forest. The habitat features 
contained in this unit that are essential for Neraudia angulata var. 
dentata include, but are not limited to, cliffs, rock embankments, 
gulches, or slopes in mesic or dry forest. This unit is geographically 
separated from the other five units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species and from habitat for three populations on 
Army lands at Makua Military Reservation, in order to avoid all 
recovery populations from being destroyed by one naturally occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Neraudia angulata--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Neraudia angulata and is 298 ha 
(736 ac) on State land in the Waianae Kai area. This unit contains no 
named natural features. This unit provides habitat for 2 populations of 
300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Neraudia angulata and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential 
to the conservation of the species because it supports habitat that is 
necessary for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in 
order to reach recovery goals The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential for Neraudia angulata var. angulata include, 
but are not limited to, slopes, ledges, or gulches in lowland mesic or 
dry forest. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential for Neraudia angulata var. dentata include, but are not 
limited to, cliffs, rock embankments, gulches, or slopes in mesic or 
dry forest. This unit is geographically separated from the other five 
units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species 
and from habitat for three populations on Army lands at Makua Military 
Reservation, in order to avoid all recovery populations from being 
destroyed by one naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Neraudia angulata--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Neraudia angulata and is 33 ha 
(81 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) land. This unit contains 
no named natural features. This unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Neraudia angulata and is currently occupied by one 
individual. This unit is essential to the conservation of the species 
because it supports an extant colony of this species and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential for Neraudia angulata var. angulata 
include, but are not limited to, slopes, ledges, or gulches in lowland 
mesic or dry forest. The habitat features contained in this unit that 
are essential for Neraudia angulata var. dentata include, but are not 
limited to, cliffs, rock embankments, gulches, or slopes in mesic or 
dry forest. This unit is geographically separated from the other five 
units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species 
and from habitat for three populations on Army lands at Makua Military 
Reservation, in order to avoid all

[[Page 36050]]

recovery populations from being destroyed by one naturally occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Neraudia angulata--e
    This unit is critical habitat for Neraudia angulata and is 40 ha 
(98 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) land. This unit contains 
no named natural features. This unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Neraudia angulata and is currently occupied by 40 
individuals. This unit is essential to the conservation of the species 
because it supports an extant colony of this species and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential for Neraudia angulata var. angulata 
include, but are not limited to, slopes, ledges, or gulches in lowland 
mesic or dry forest. The habitat features contained in this unit that 
are essential for Neraudia angulata var. dentata include, but are not 
limited to, cliffs, rock embankments, gulches, or slopes in mesic or 
dry forest. This unit is geographically separated from the other five 
units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species 
and from habitat for three populations on Army lands at Makua Military 
Reservation, in order to avoid all recovery populations from being 
destroyed by one naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Neraudia angulata--f
    This unit is critical habitat for Neraudia angulata and is 83 ha 
(207 ac) on Federal (Lualualei Naval Reservation) and State land. This 
unit contains no named natural features. This unit provides habitat for 
one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-
lived perennial Neraudia angulata and is currently occupied by 5 
individuals. This unit is essential to the conservation of the species 
because it supports an extant colony of this species and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential for Neraudia angulata var. angulata 
include, but are not limited to, slopes, ledges, or gulches in lowland 
mesic or dry forest. The habitat features contained in this unit that 
are essential for Neraudia angulata var. dentata include, but are not 
limited to, cliffs, rock embankments, gulches, or slopes in mesic or 
dry forest. This unit is geographically separated from the other five 
units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species 
and from habitat for three populations on Army lands at Makua Military 
Reservation, in order to avoid all recovery populations from being 
destroyed by one naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 3--Nototrichium humile--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Nototrichium humile and is 20 ha 
(51 ac) on State (Kaena Point State Park and Kuaokala Forest Reserve) 
land. This unit contains no named natural features. This unit provides 
habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of 
the short-lived perennial Nototrichium humile and is currently occupied 
by 900 individuals. This unit is essential to the conservation of the 
species because it supports an extant colony of this species and 
includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present 
population. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential for this species include, but are not limited to, cliff 
faces, gulches, stream banks, or steep slopes in dry or mesic forest 
often dominated by Sapindus oahunensis or Diopsyros sandwicensis. This 
unit is geographically separated from critical habitat designated 
elsewhere on Oahu and on Maui for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Nototrichium humile--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Nototrichium humile and is 229 ha 
(568 ac) on private and State (Pahole NAR and Mokuleia Forest Reserve) 
land, containing a portion of Mokuleia Trail. This unit provides 
habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the 
short-lived perennial Nototrichium humile and is currently occupied by 
10 individuals. This unit is essential to the conservation of the 
species because it supports an extant colony of this species and 
includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present 
population, which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential for this species 
include, but are not limited to, cliff faces, gulches, stream banks, or 
steep slopes in dry or mesic forest often dominated by Sapindus 
oahunensis or Diopsyros sandwicensis. This unit is geographically 
separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on 
Maui for this species in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Nototrichium humile--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Nototrichium humile and is 236 ha 
(586 ac) on private and State (Mokuleia Forest Reserve and Kaala NAR) 
land. This unit contains no named natural features. This unit provides 
habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the 
short-lived perennial Nototrichium humile and is currently occupied by 
54 individuals. This unit is essential to the conservation of the 
species because it supports an extant colony of this species and 
includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present 
population, which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential for this species 
include, but are not limited to, cliff faces, gulches, stream banks, or 
steep slopes in dry or mesic forest often dominated by Sapindus 
oahunensis or Diopsyros sandwicensis. This unit is geographically 
separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on 
Maui for this species in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Nototrichium humile--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Nototrichium humile and is 30 ha 
(75 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) land. This unit contains 
no named natural features. This unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Nototrichium humile and is currently occupied by 215 
individuals. This unit is essential to the conservation of the species 
because it supports an extant colony of this species and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential for this species include, but are not 
limited to, cliff faces, gulches, stream banks, or steep slopes in dry 
or mesic forest often dominated by Sapindus oahunensis or Diopsyros 
sandwicensis. This unit is geographically separated from critical 
habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Maui for this species in 
order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one 
naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Peucedanum sandwicense--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Peucedanum sandwicense and is 76 
ha

[[Page 36051]]

(186 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) lands, containing Puu 
Kawiwi. The unit provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Peucedanum 
sandwicense and is currently occupied by 34 individuals. The unit is 
important to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to 
Peucedanum sandwicense include, but are not limited to, cliffs, slopes, 
or ridges in Metrosideros polymorpha lowland mesic forest. This unit is 
geographically separated from critical habitat designated on Kauai, 
Molokai, and Maui for this species in order to avoid all recovery 
populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic 
event.
Oahu 20--Phlegmariurus nutans--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Phlegmariurus nutans and is 1,624 
ha (4,014 ac) on State (Hauula Forest Reserve, Sacred Falls State Park, 
Kaipapau Forest Reserve, Kahana Valley State Park, and Ewa Forest 
Reserve), and private lands. Natural features found in this unit 
include Castle Trail, Puu Kaaumakua, and Puu Pauao. The unit provides 
habitat for 5 populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the 
short-lived perennial Phlegmariurus nutans and is currently occupied by 
contains 5 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat 
that is important for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Phlegmariurus nutans include, but are not 
limited to, tree trunks on open ridges, forested slopes, or cliffs in 
Metrosideros polymorpha-dominated wet forests, on cliffs, in 
shrublands, or in mesic forests. This unit is geographically separated 
from critical habitat designated on Kauai for this species in order to 
avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Phyllostegia hirsuta--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia hirsuta and is 113 
ha (282 ac) on State (Mokuleia Forest Reserve, Kaala NAR, and Waianae 
Kai Forest Reserve) lands. There are no named natural features in this 
unit. This unit contains 4 individuals and provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Phyllostegia hirsuta. The unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat 
that is important for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Phyllostegia hirsuta include, but are not 
limited to, steep, shaded slopes, cliffs, ridges, gullies, or stream 
banks in mesic or wet forests dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha or a 
mixture of Metrosideros polymorpha and Dicranopteris linearis. This 
unit is geographically separated from the other three units designated 
as critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid 
all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Phyllostegia hirsuta--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia hirsuta and is 131 
ha (324 ac) on Federal (Lualualei Naval Reservation), State, and 
private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands, containing Puu Hapapa and Puu 
Kanehoa. This unit it currently occupied by 50 individuals and provides 
habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the 
short-lived perennial Phyllostegia hirsuta. The unit is essential to 
the species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and 
includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present 
population, which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential to Phyllostegia 
hirsuta include, but are not limited to, steep, shaded slopes, cliffs, 
ridges, gullies, or stream banks in mesic or wet forests dominated by 
Metrosideros polymorpha or a mixture of Metrosideros polymorpha and 
Dicranopteris linearis. This unit is geographically separated from the 
other three units designated as critical habitat for this island-
endemic species in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Phyllostegia hirsuta--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia hirsuta and is 69 ha 
(171 ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit is currently occupied by 2 
individuals and provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Phyllostegia 
hirsuta. The unit is essential to the species' conservation because it 
supports an extant colony and includes habitat that is necessary for 
the expansion of the present population, which is currently considered 
nonviable. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Phyllostegia hirsuta include, but are not limited to, 
steep, shaded slopes, cliffs, ridges, gullies, or stream banks in mesic 
or wet forests dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha or a mixture of 
Metrosideros polymorpha and Dicranopteris linearis. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other three units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Phyllostegia hirsuta--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia hirsuta and is 1,004 
ha (2,483 ac) on State (Hauula Forest Reserve, Sacred Falls State Park, 
and Kaipapau Forest Reserve) and private lands, containing the Koolau 
Summit Trail. This unit is occupied by 39 individuals and provides 
habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the 
short-lived perennial Phyllostegia hirsuta. The unit is essential to 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Phyllostegia hirsuta include, but 
are not limited to, steep, shaded slopes, cliffs, ridges, gullies, or 
stream banks in mesic or wet forests dominated by Metrosideros 
polymorpha or a mixture of Metrosideros polymorpha and Dicranopteris 
linearis. This unit is geographically separated from the other three 
units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species in 
order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one 
naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Phyllostegia kaalaensis--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia kaalaensis and is 57 
ha (141 ac) on State (Pahole NAR and Mokuleia Forest Reserve) lands. 
There are no named natural features in this unit. This unit is occupied 
by 21 individuals and provides habitat for one population of 300 
mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Phyllostegia kaalaensis. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat 
that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently

[[Page 36052]]

considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this unit that 
are essential to Phyllostegia kaalaensis include, but are not limited 
to, gulch slopes or bottoms or almost vertical rock faces in mesic 
forest or Sapindus oahuensis forest. This unit is geographically 
separated from the other five units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species in order to avoid all recovery populations 
being destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Phyllostegia kaalaensis--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia kaalaensis and is 
589 ha (1,456 ac) on State (Pahole and Kaala NARs and Mokuleia Forest 
Reserve) lands and contains Dupont Trail. This unit currently occupied 
by an unknown number of individuals and provides habitat for 6 
populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Phyllostegia kaalaensis. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Phyllostegia kaalaensis include, but 
are not limited to, gulch slopes or bottoms or almost vertical rock 
faces in mesic forest or Sapindus oahuensis forest. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Phyllostegia kaalaensis--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia kaalaensis and is 
122 ha (304 ac) on State (Kaala NAR, Mokuleia Forest Reserve) and 
private lands. There are no named natural features in this unit. The 
unit is currently occupied by 10 individuals and provides habitat for 
one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-
lived perennial Phyllostegia kaalaensis. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Phyllostegia kaalaensis include, but 
are not limited to, gulch slopes or bottoms or almost vertical rock 
faces in mesic forest or Sapindus oahuensis forest. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Phyllostegia kaalaensis--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia kaalaensis and is 28 
ha (69 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) lands containing 
Waianae Kai. This unit, combined with Oahu 4--Phyllostegia kaalaensis--
e, provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Phyllostegia kaalaensis and is 
currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for the 
establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Phyllostegia kaalaensis include, but are not limited to, 
gulch slopes or bottoms or almost vertical rock faces in mesic forest 
or Sapindus oahuensis forest. This unit is geographically separated 
from the other five units designated as critical habitat for this 
island-endemic species in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Phyllostegia kaalaensis--e
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia kaalaensis and is 16 
ha (39 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) lands containing 
Waianae Kai. This unit is currently occupied by 8 individuals and, 
combined with Oahu 4--Phyllostegia kaalaensis--d, provides habitat for 
one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-
lived perennial Phyllostegia kaalaensis. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Phyllostegia kaalaensis include, but 
are not limited to, gulch slopes or bottoms or almost vertical rock 
faces in mesic forest or Sapindus oahuensis forest. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Phyllostegia kaalaensis--f
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia kaalaensis and is 30 
ha (74 ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Phyllostegia kaalaensis and is currently unoccupied. This 
unit is essential to the species' conservation because it supports 
habitat that is important to the establishment of additional 
populations on Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential to Phyllostegia 
kaalaensis include, but are not limited to, gulch slopes or bottoms or 
almost vertical rock faces in mesic forest or Sapindus oahuensis 
forest. This unit is geographically separated from the other five units 
designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order 
to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Phyllostegia mollis--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia mollis and is 152 ha 
(376 ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands containing Puu Kanehoa. 
The unit is currently occupied by 7 individuals and provides habitat 
for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-
lived perennial Phyllostegia mollis. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Phyllostegia hirsuta include, but 
are not limited to, steep slopes or gulches in diverse mesic to wet 
forests. This unit is geographically separated from other critical 
habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Maui for this species in 
order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one 
naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Phyllostegia mollis--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia mollis and is 85 ha 
(210 ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit is currently occupied by 7 
individuals and provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Phyllostegia 
mollis. This unit is essential to the species' conservation because it 
supports an extant colony and includes habitat that is necessary for 
the expansion of the present population, which is currently considered 
nonviable. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Phyllostegia hirsuta include,

[[Page 36053]]

but are not limited to, steep slopes or gulches in diverse mesic to wet 
forests. This unit is geographically separated from other critical 
habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Maui for this species in 
order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one 
naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15-Phyllostegia parviflora--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia parviflora var. 
lydgatei and is 70 ha (173 ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. 
This unit contains no named natural features. The unit provides habitat 
for one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-
lived perennial Phyllostegia parviflora var. lydgatei and is currently 
unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' conservation because 
it supports habitat that is necessary for the establishment of 
additional populations on Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to 
Phyllostegia parviflora var. lydgatei include, but are not limited to, 
moderate to steep slopes in mesic forests. This unit is geographically 
separated from other critical habitat designated on Oahu for this 
species in order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by 
one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Phyllostegia parviflora--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia parviflora var. 
lydgatei and is 21 ha (51 ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. 
There are no named natural features in this unit. The unit is occupied 
by unknown number of individuals and provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Phyllostegia parviflora var. lydgatei. This unit is essential 
to the species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and 
includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present 
population, which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential to Phyllostegia 
parviflora var. lydgatei include, but are not limited to, moderate to 
steep slopes in mesic forests. This unit is geographically separated 
from other critical habitat designated on Oahu for this species in 
order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one 
naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Phyllostegia parviflora--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia parviflora var. 
lydgatei and is 69 ha (171 ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. 
There are no named natural features in this unit. The unit is occupied 
by 50 individuals and provides habitat for one population of 300 
mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Phyllostegia parviflora var. lydgatei. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Phyllostegia parviflora var. 
lydgatei include, but are not limited to, moderate to steep slopes in 
mesic forests. This unit is geographically separated from other 
critical habitat designated on Oahu for this species in order to avoid 
all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Phyllostegia parviflora--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Phyllostegia parviflora var. 
parviflora and is 1,430 ha (3,534 ac) on State (Hauula Forest Reserve, 
Sacred Falls State Park, Kaipapau Forest Reserve, Kahana Valley State 
Park, Ewa Forest Reserve) and private lands, containing Castle Trail, 
Puu Kaaumakua, Puu Pauao, and the Koolau Summit Trail. The unit is 
occupied by 30 individuals and provides habitat for 6 populations of 
300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Phyllostegia parviflora var. parviflora. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Phyllostegia parviflora var. 
parviflora include, but are not limited to, Metrosideros polymorpha 
mixed lowland wet forest. This unit is geographically separated from 
other critical habitat designated on Oahu for this species in order to 
avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Plantago princeps--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Plantago princeps var. 
longibracteata and is 15 ha (37 ac) on State lands. There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit, is occupied by 2 individuals 
and, in combination with Oahu 4--Plantago princeps--b, provides habitat 
for one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-
lived perennial Plantago princeps var. longibracteata. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to Plantago 
princeps var. longibracteata include, but are not limited to, sides of 
waterfalls or wet rock faces. This unit is geographically separated 
from other critical habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Kauai, 
Molokai, and Maui in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Plantago princeps--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Plantago princeps var. 
longibracteata and is 52 ha (131 ac) on State (Mokuleia Forest Reserve 
and Pahole Natural Area Preserve) lands. There are no named natural 
features in this unit. The unit, in combination with Oahu 4--Plantago 
princeps--a, provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Plantago princeps 
var. longibracteata and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential 
to the species' conservation because it supports habitat that is 
necessary for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in 
order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Plantago princeps var. longibracteata 
include, but are not limited to, sides of waterfalls or wet rock faces. 
This unit is geographically separated from other critical habitat 
designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Kauai, Molokai, and Maui in order 
to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Plantago princeps--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Plantago princeps var. 
longibracteata and is 63 ha (157 ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) 
lands. There are no named natural features in this unit. The unit 
provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Plantago princeps var. 
longibracteata and is currently occupied by 8 individuals. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to Plantago 
princeps var. longibracteata include, but are not limited to, sides of 
waterfalls or wet rock faces. This unit is

[[Page 36054]]

geographically separated from other critical habitat designated 
elsewhere on Oahu and on Kauai, Molokai, and Maui in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Plantago princeps--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Plantago princeps var. princeps 
and is 992 ha (2,450 ac) on Federal (Oahu Forest National Wildlife 
Refuge), State (Ewa Forest Reserve, Waiahole Forest Reserve), and 
private lands, containing Eleao Summit and Kipapa Trail. The unit, in 
combination with Oahu 20--Plantago princeps--e, provides habitat for 
one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-
lived perennial Plantago princeps var. princeps and is currently 
occupied by 2 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat 
that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Plantago princeps var. princeps include, but 
are not limited to, slopes or ledges in Metrosideros polymorpha lowland 
mesic forests or shrublands. This unit is geographically separated from 
other critical habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Kauai, 
Molokai, and Maui in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Plantago princeps--e
    This unit is critical habitat for Plantago princeps var. princeps 
and is 297 ha (729 ac) on State (Waiahole Forest Reserve) and private 
lands, containing Nanaikaalaea Summit, Ulimakoli Summit, and Waiahole 
Ditch Tunnel. The unit, in combination with Oahu 20--Plantago 
princeps--d, provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Plantago princeps 
var. princeps and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to 
the species' conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary 
for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to 
reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that 
are essential to Plantago princeps var. princeps include, but are not 
limited to, slopes or ledges in Metrosideros polymorpha lowland mesic 
forests or shrublands. This unit is geographically separated from other 
critical habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Kauai, Molokai, 
and Maui in order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by 
one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Platanthera holochila--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Platanthera holochila and is 35 
ha (86 ac) on private lands in the Koolau Mountains. There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Platanthera holochila and is currently unoccupied. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat 
that is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on 
Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Platanthera holochila include, but 
are not limited to, Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet 
forest or Metrosideros polymorpha mixed shrubland. This unit is 
geographically separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on 
Oahu and on Kauai and Maui for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Platanthera holochila--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Platanthera holochila and is 165 
ha (407 ac) on Federal (Oahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge) and State 
(Ewa Forest Reserve and Keaiwa Heiau State Park) lands. There are no 
named natural features in this unit. The unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Platanthera holochila and is currently unoccupied. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat 
that is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on 
Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Platanthera holochila include, but 
are not limited to, Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet 
forest or Metrosideros polymorpha mixed shrubland. This unit is 
geographically separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on 
Oahu and on Kauai and Maui for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Pteris lidgatei--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Pteris lidgatei and is 1,233 ha 
(3,044 ac) on State (Hauula Forest Reserve, Sacred Falls State Park and 
Kaipapau Forest Reserve) and private lands, containing the Castle 
Trail, Sacred Falls, and the Koolau Summit Trail. The unit provides 
habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of 
the short-lived perennial Pteris lidgatei and is occupied by 2 
individuals. This unit is essential to the species' conservation 
because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat that is 
necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Pteris lidgatei include, but are not limited 
to, steep stream banks or cliffs in wet Metrosideros polymorpha-
Dicranopteris linearis forest. This unit is geographically separated 
from critical habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Molokai and 
Maui for this species in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Pteris lidgatei--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Pteris lidgatei and is 289 ha 
(711 ac) on State (Kahana Valley State Park) and private lands, 
containing Puu Kaaumakua. The unit provides habitat for one population 
of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Pteris lidgatei and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to 
the species' conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary 
for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to 
reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that 
are essential to Pteris lidgatei include, but are not limited to, steep 
stream banks or cliffs in wet Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris 
linearis forest. This unit is geographically separated from critical 
habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Molokai and Maui for this 
species in order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by 
one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Pteris lidgatei--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Pteris lidgatei and is 844 ha 
(2,084 ac) on State (Ewa and Waiahole Forest Reserves) and private 
lands, containing Eleao and Nanaikaalaea Summits. The unit provides 
habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of 
the short-lived perennial Pteris lidgatei and is occupied by 4 
individuals. This unit is essential to the species' conservation 
because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat that is 
necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Pteris lidgatei include, but are not limited 
to, steep stream banks or cliffs in wet Metrosideros polymorpha-
Dicranopteris linearis forest. This unit is

[[Page 36055]]

geographically separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on 
Oahu and on Molokai and Maui for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.

Oahu 4--Sanicula mariversa--a

    This unit is critical habitat for Sanicula mariversa and is 7 ha 
(17 ac) on State (Makua Keauu Forest Reserve) lands. There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit, in combination with Oahu 6--
Sanicula mariversa--d, provides habitat for one population of 300 
mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Sanicula 
mariversa and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for 
the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Sanicula mariversa include, but are not limited to, well-
drained, dry slopes or rock faces in mesic shrublands or open grassy 
areas. Although we do not believe that enough habitat currently exists 
to reach the recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for this species, 
this unit is geographically separated from the other five units 
designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species to avoid 
all recovery populations from being destroyed by one naturally 
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Sanicula mariversa--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Sanicula mariversa and is 6 ha 
(15 ac) on State (Kaala NAR) lands, containing Kamaohanui Summit. The 
unit provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Sanicula mariversa and is 
currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for the 
establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Sanicula mariversa include, but are not limited to, well-
drained, dry slopes or rock faces in mesic shrublands or open grassy 
areas. Although we do not believe that enough habitat currently exists 
to reach the recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for this species, 
this unit is geographically separated from the other five units 
designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species to avoid 
all recovery populations from being destroyed by one naturally 
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Sanicula mariversa--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Sanicula mariversa and is 25 ha 
(61 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) lands, containing Puu 
Kawiwi and Puu Kepauala. The unit provides habitat for 2 populations of 
300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Sanicula mariversa and is occupied by 2 individuals. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to Sanicula 
mariversa include, but are not limited to, well-drained, dry slopes or 
rock faces in mesic shrublands or open grassy areas. Although we do not 
believe that enough habitat currently exists to reach the recovery goal 
of 8 to 10 populations for this species, this unit is geographically 
separated from the other five units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species to avoid all recovery populations from 
being destroyed by one naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 6--Sanicula mariversa--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Sanicula mariversa and is 3 ha (8 
ac) on State (Makua Keauu Forest Reserve) lands. There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit, in combination with Oahu 6--
Sanicula mariversa--a, provides habitat for one population of 300 
mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Sanicula 
mariversa and is occupied by 30 individuals. This unit is essential to 
the species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and 
includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present 
population, which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential to Sanicula 
mariversa include, but are not limited to, well-drained, dry slopes or 
rock faces in mesic shrublands or open grassy areas. Although we do not 
believe that enough habitat currently exists to reach the recovery goal 
of 8 to 10 populations for this species, this unit is geographically 
separated from the other five units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species to avoid all recovery populations from 
being destroyed by one naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Sanicula mariversa--e
    This unit is critical habitat for Sanicula mariversa and is 14 ha 
(34 ac) on private (Honouliui Preserve) lands, containing Puu Hapapa. 
The unit provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Sanicula mariversa and is 
currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for the 
establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Sanicula mariversa include, but are not limited to, well-
drained, dry slopes or rock faces in mesic shrublands or open grassy 
areas. Although we do not believe that enough habitat currently exists 
to reach the recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for this species, 
this unit is geographically separated from the other five units 
designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species to avoid 
all recovery populations from being destroyed by one naturally 
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Sanicula mariversa--f
    This unit is critical habitat for Sanicula mariversa and is 39 ha 
(95 ac) on State and private (Honouliui Preserve) lands, containing Puu 
Kanehoa and Puu Kaua. The unit provides habitat for one population of 
300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Sanicula mariversa and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential 
to the species' conservation because it supports habitat that is 
necessary for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in 
order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Sanicula mariversa include, but are not 
limited to, well-drained, dry slopes or rock faces in mesic shrublands 
or open grassy areas. Although we do not believe that enough habitat 
currently exists to reach the recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for 
this species, this unit is geographically separated from the other five 
units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species to 
avoid all recovery populations from being destroyed by one naturally 
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Sanicula purpurea--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Sanicula purpurea and is 704 ha 
(1,739 ac) on Federal (Oahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge), State 
(Hauula Forest Reserve, Sacred Falls State Park, Kaipapau Forest 
Reserve, Kahana Valley State Park, Ewa Forest Reserve, Waiahole Forest 
Reserve), and private lands, containing Eleao Summit, Puu Kaaumakua, 
Puu Kahuauli, Puu

[[Page 36056]]

Keahiakahoe, Puu Pauao and Koolau Summit Trail. The unit provides 
habitat for 4 populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the 
short-lived perennial Sanicula purpurea and is occupied by 6 
individuals. This unit is essential to the species' conservation 
because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat that is 
necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Sanicula purpurea include, but are not 
limited to, open Metrosideros polymorpha mixed montane bogs or 
windswept shrublands within the cloud zone. This unit is geographically 
separated from critical habitat designated on Maui for this species in 
order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one 
naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 3--Schiedea hookeri--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea hookeri and is 22 ha (56 
ac) on State (Kaena Point State Park and Kuaokala Forest Reserve) 
lands. No named natural features are found within this unit. The unit 
provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Schiedea hookeri is occupied 
by 10 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' conservation 
because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat that is 
necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Schiedea hookeri include, but are not 
limited to, slopes, cliffs or cliff bases, rock walls, or ledges in 
diverse mesic or dry lowland forest, often with Diospyros hillebrandii, 
Diospyros sandwicensis, or Metrosideros polymorpha. This unit is 
geographically separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on 
Oahu for this species in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Schiedea hookeri--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea hookeri and is 710 ha 
(1,755 ac) on State (Mokuleia Forest Reserve and Pahole and Kaala NARs) 
lands, containing Dupont Trail. The unit provides habitat for 2 
populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Schiedea hookeri and is occupied by 3 individuals. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to Schiedea 
hookeri include, but are not limited to, slopes, cliffs or cliff bases, 
rock walls, or ledges in diverse mesic or dry lowland forest, often 
with Diospyros hillebrandii, Diospyros sandwicensis, or Metrosideros 
polymorpha. This unit is geographically separated from critical habitat 
designated elsewhere on Oahu for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Schiedea hookeri--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea hookeri and is 248 ha 
(612 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) lands, containing 
Kamaileunu Ridge and Puu Kawiwi. The unit provides habitat for 2 
populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Schiedea hookeri and is occupied by 57 individuals. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present populations, which are currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to Schiedea 
hookeri include, but are not limited to, slopes, cliffs or cliff bases, 
rock walls, or ledges in diverse mesic or dry lowland forest, often 
with Diospyros hillebrandii, Diospyros sandwicensis, or Metrosideros 
polymorpha. This unit is geographically separated from critical habitat 
designated elsewhere on Oahu for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Schiedea hookeri--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea hookeri and is 31 ha (78 
ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) lands. No named natural 
features are found within this unit. The unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Schiedea hookeri and is occupied by 50 individuals. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to Schiedea 
hookeri include, but are not limited to, slopes, cliffs or cliff bases, 
rock walls, or ledges in diverse mesic or dry lowland forest, often 
with Diospyros hillebrandii, Diospyros sandwicensis, or Metrosideros 
polymorpha. This unit is geographically separated from critical habitat 
designated elsewhere on Oahu for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Schiedea hookeri--e
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea hookeri and is 14 ha (34 
ac) on Federal lands (Lualualei Naval Reservation). There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit, in combination with Oahu 15--
Schiedea hookeri--f, provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Schiedea hookeri 
and is occupied by 10 individuals. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Schiedea hookeri include, but are 
not limited to, slopes, cliffs or cliff bases, rock walls, or ledges in 
diverse mesic or dry lowland forest, often with Diospyros hillebrandii, 
Diospyros sandwicensis, or Metrosideros polymorpha. This unit is 
geographically separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on 
Oahu for this species in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Schiedea hookeri--f
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea hookeri and is 10 ha (25 
ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. There are no named natural 
features in this unit. The unit, in combination with Oahu 15--Schiedea 
hookeri--e, provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Schiedea hookeri 
and is occupied by at 63 individuals. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Schiedea hookeri include, but are 
not limited to, slopes, cliffs or cliff bases, rock walls, or ledges in 
diverse mesic or dry lowland forest, often with Diospyros hillebrandii, 
Diospyros sandwicensis, or Metrosideros polymorpha. This unit is 
geographically separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on 
Oahu for this species in order to avoid all

[[Page 36057]]

recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Schiedea hookeri--g
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea hookeri and is 83 ha 
(204 ac) on Federal (Lualualei Naval Reservation), State, and private 
lands, containing Puu Kaua. The unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Schiedea hookeri and is occupied by 42 individuals. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to Schiedea 
hookeri include, but are not limited to, slopes, cliffs or cliff bases, 
rock walls, or ledges in diverse mesic or dry lowland forest, often 
with Diospyros hillebrandii, Diospyros sandwicensis, or Metrosideros 
polymorpha. This unit is geographically separated from critical habitat 
designated elsewhere on Oahu for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Schiedea kaalae--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea kaalae and is 426 ha 
(1,051 ac) on State (Pahole NAR and Mokuleia Forest Reserve) lands. 
There are no named natural features in this unit. The unit provides 
habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the 
short-lived perennial Schiedea kaalae and is occupied by 2 individuals. 
This unit is essential to the species' conservation because it supports 
an extant colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the 
expansion of the present population, which is currently considered to 
be nonviable. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Schiedea kaalae include, but are not limited to, steep 
slopes, cliffs, stream banks, or deep shade in diverse mesic or wet 
forests. This unit is geographically separated from the other five 
units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species in 
order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one 
naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Schiedea kaalae--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea kaalae and is 134 ha 
(331 ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands, containing Puu 
Kanehoa. The unit provides habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Schiedea kaalae 
and is occupied by 8 individuals. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered to be nonviable. The habitat features 
contained in this unit that are essential to Schiedea kaalae include, 
but are not limited to, steep slopes, cliffs, stream banks, or deep 
shade in diverse mesic or wet forests. This unit is geographically 
separated from the other five units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species in order to avoid all recovery populations 
being destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Schiedea kaalae--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea kaalae and is 22 ha (53 
ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. There are no named natural 
features in this unit. The unit provides habitat for one population of 
300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Schiedea kaalae and is occupied by 13 individuals. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered to be nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to Schiedea 
kaalae include, but are not limited to, steep slopes, cliffs, stream 
banks, or deep shade in diverse mesic or wet forests. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Schiedea kaalae--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea kaalae and is 39 ha (97 
ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. There are no named natural 
features in this unit. The unit provides habitat for one population of 
300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Schiedea kaalae and is occupied by one individual. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports occupied 
habitat that is important for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered to be nonviable. The habitat features 
contained in this unit that are essential to Schiedea kaalae include, 
but are not limited to, steep slopes, cliffs, stream banks, or deep 
shade in diverse mesic or wet forests. This unit is geographically 
separated from the other five units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species in order to avoid all recovery populations 
being destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Schiedea kaalae--e
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea kaalae and is 379 ha 
(934 ac) on State (Hanuula Forest Reserve, Sacred Falls State Park and 
Kaipapau Forest Reserve) and private lands, containing Sacred Falls. 
The unit provides habitat for 3 populations of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Schiedea kaalae and is 
occupied by 15 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat 
that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered to be nonviable. The habitat features contained in 
this unit that are essential to Schiedea kaalae include, but are not 
limited to, steep slopes, cliffs, stream banks, or deep shade in 
diverse mesic or wet forests. This unit is geographically separated 
from the other five units designated as critical habitat for this 
island-endemic species in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 21--Schiedea kaalae--f
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea kaalae and is 105 ha 
(206 ac) on State (Kahana Valley State Park) and private lands. There 
are no named natural features in this unit. The unit provides habitat 
for one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-
lived perennial Schiedea kaalae and is occupied by one individual. This 
unit is essential to the species' conservation because it supports 
occupied habitat that is important for the expansion of the present 
population, which is currently considered to be nonviable. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential to Schiedea kaalae 
include, but are not limited to, steep slopes, cliffs, stream banks, or 
deep shade in diverse mesic or wet forests. This unit is geographically 
separated from the other five units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species in order to avoid all recovery populations 
being destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 1--Schiedea kealiae--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea kealiae and is 193 ha 
(477 ac) on State (Kaena Point State Park and

[[Page 36058]]

Kuaokala Forest Reserve) and private lands, containing Alei Pali, Haili 
Gulch, Mahoe Pali, Manini Pali, Nihoa Gulch, Peacock Flat Trail, Puu 
Pueo, and Uluhulu Gulch. The unit provides habitat for 4 populations of 
300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Schiedea kealiae and is occupied by 320 individuals. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports occupied 
habitat that is important for the establishment of additional 
populations. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Schiedea kealiae include, but are not limited to, steep 
slopes and cliff faces in dry remnant Erythrina sandwicensis forest. We 
do not believe that enough habitat currently exists to reach the 
recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for this species.
Oahu 4--Schiedea nuttallii--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea nuttallii and is 527 ha 
(1,304 ac) on State (Mokuleia Forest Reserve and Pahole and Kaala NARs) 
lands. There are no named natural features in this unit. The unit 
provides habitat for 4 populations of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Schiedea nuttallii and is 
occupied by 370 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat 
that is necessary for the expansion of the present population. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to Schiedea 
nuttallii include, but are not limited to, rock walls, forested slopes, 
or steep walls in Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha lowland mesic 
forest or Metrosideros polymorpha-Dodonaea viscosa forest. This unit is 
geographically separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on 
Oahu and on Kauai and Molokai in order to avoid all recovery 
populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic 
event.
Oahu 15--Schiedea nuttallii--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea nuttallii and is 141 ha 
(347 ac) on State and private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands, containing 
Puu Kanehoa. The unit provides habitat for one population of 300 
mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Schiedea 
nuttallii and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for 
the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Schiedea nuttallii include, but are not limited to, rock 
walls, forested slopes, or steep walls in Acacia koa-Metrosideros 
polymorpha lowland mesic forest or Metrosideros polymorpha-Dodonaea 
viscosa forest. This unit is geographically separated from critical 
habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Kauai and Molokai in order 
to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Schiedea nuttallii--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Schiedea nuttallii and is 41 ha 
(102 ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Schiedea nuttallii and is currently unoccupied. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat that 
is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in 
order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Schiedea nuttallii include, but are not 
limited to, rock walls, forested slopes, or steep walls in Acacia koa-
Metrosideros polymorpha lowland mesic forest or Metrosideros 
polymorpha-Dodonaea viscosa forest. This unit is geographically 
separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on 
Kauai and Molokai in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 1--Sesbania tomentosa--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Sesbania tomentosa and is 101 ha 
(250 ac) on Federal, State (Kaena Point State Park and Kaena Point 
NAR), and private lands. There are no named natural features in this 
unit. The unit provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Sesbania tomentosa 
and is occupied by 53 individuals. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Sesbania tomentosa include, but are 
not limited to, cliff faces, broken basalt, or sand dunes with rock 
outcrops in Scaevola sericea coastal dry shrubland or Sporobolus 
virginicus mixed grasslands. This unit is geographically separated from 
critical habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Kauai, Molokai, 
Maui, and the Northwestern Hawaiian Island in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 18--Sesbania tomentosa--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Sesbania tomentosa and is 5 ha 
(12 ac) on State (Mokualula State Seabird Sanctuary) lands that contain 
Mokualula Island. The unit provides habitat for one population of 300 
mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Sesbania 
tomentosa and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for 
the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Sesbania tomentosa include, but are not limited to, cliff 
faces, broken basalt, or sand dunes with rock outcrops in Scaevola 
sericea coastal dry shrubland or Sporobolus virginicus mixed 
grasslands. This unit is geographically separated from critical habitat 
designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Kauai, Molokai, Maui, and the 
Northwestern Hawaiian Island in order to avoid all recovery populations 
being destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Silene lanceolata--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Silene lanceolata and is 113 ha 
(281 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) lands, containing Puu 
Kawiwi. The unit provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Silene lanceolata 
and is occupied by 12 individuals. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered to be not viable. The habitat features 
contained in this unit that are essential to Silene lanceolata include, 
but are not limited to, cliff faces or ledges of gullies in dry to 
mesic shrubland or cliff communities. This unit is geographically 
separated from critical habitat designated on Molokai in order to avoid 
all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Silene perlmanii--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Silene perlmanii and is 65 ha 
(162 ac) on Federal (Lualualei Naval Reservation) and State lands, 
containing Puu Kawiwi. The unit provides habitat for one population of 
300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-

[[Page 36059]]

lived perennial Silene perlmanii and is occupied by at 12 individuals. 
This unit is essential to the species' conservation because it supports 
an extant colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the 
expansion of the present population, which is currently considered 
nonviable. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Silene perlmanii include, but are not limited to, steep 
rocky slopes in Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha lowland mesic 
forest. Although we do not believe that enough habitat currently exists 
to reach the recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for this species, 
this unit is geographically separated from the other three units 
designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species to avoid 
all recovery populations from being destroyed by one naturally 
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Silene perlmanii--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Silene perlmanii and is 5 ha (12 
ac) on private (Honouluili Preserve) lands. There are no named natural 
features in this unit. The unit provides habitat for one population of 
300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Silene 
perlmanii and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for 
the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Silene perlmanii include, but are not limited to, steep 
rocky slopes in Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha lowland mesic 
forest. Although we do not believe that enough habitat currently exists 
to reach the recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for this species, 
this unit is geographically separated from the other three units 
designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species to avoid 
all recovery populations from being destroyed by one naturally 
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Silene perlmanii--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Silene perlmanii and is 49 ha 
(124 ac) on State and private lands in the Waianae Mountains. There are 
no named natural features in this unit. The unit provides habitat for 2 
populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Silene perlmanii and is currently unoccupied. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat that 
is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in 
order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Silene perlmanii include, but are not 
limited to, steep rocky slopes in Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha 
lowland mesic forest. Although we do not believe that enough habitat 
currently exists to reach the recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for 
this species, this unit is geographically separated from the other 
three units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic 
species to avoid all recovery populations from being destroyed by one 
naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Silene perlmanii--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Silene perlmanii and is 52 ha 
(130 ac) on private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit provides habitat for 2 
populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Silene perlmanii and is currently unoccupied. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat that 
is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in 
order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Silene perlmanii include, but are not 
limited to, steep rocky slopes in Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha 
lowland mesic forest. Although we do not believe that enough habitat 
currently exists to reach the recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for 
this species, this unit is geographically separated from the other 
three units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic 
species to avoid all recovery populations from being destroyed by one 
naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Solanum sandwicense--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Solanum sandwicense and is 104 ha 
(258 ac) on State (Pahole NAR and Mokuleia Forest Reseve) lands. There 
are no named natural features in this unit. The unit provides habitat 
for one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-
lived perennial Solanum sandwicense and is currently unoccupied. This 
unit is essential to the species' conservation because it supports 
habitat that is necessary for the establishment of additional 
populations on Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential to Solanum 
sandwicense include, but are not limited to, talus slopes or streambeds 
in open, sunny areas. This unit is geographically separated from 
critical habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Kauai for this 
species in order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by 
one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Solanum sandwicense--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Solanum sandwicense and is 146 ha 
(361 ac) on State and private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands, containing 
Puu Kanehoa. The unit provides habitat for one population of 300 
mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Solanum 
sandwicense and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for 
the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Solanum sandwicense include, but are not limited to, talus 
slopes or streambeds in open, sunny areas. This unit is geographically 
separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on 
Kauai for this species in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Solanum sandwicense--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Solanum sandwicense and is 78 ha 
(192 ac) on State and private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands. There are no 
named natural features in this unit. The unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Solanum sandwicense and is currently unoccupied. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat that 
is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in 
order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Solanum sandwicense include, but are not 
limited to, talus slopes or streambeds in open, sunny areas. This unit 
is geographically separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere 
on Oahu and on Kauai for this species in order to avoid all recovery 
populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic 
event.
Oahu 5--Spermolepis hawaiiensis--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Spermolepis hawaiiensis and is 21 
ha (53 ac) on State and private lands, containing Kaneana Cave. The 
unit provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Spermolepis hawaiiensis and is 
occupied by 32 individuals. This unit is essential to the

[[Page 36060]]

species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Spermolepis hawaiiensis include, but 
are not limited to, steep or vertical cliffs or the base of cliffs or 
ridges in coastal dry cliff vegetation. This unit is geographically 
separated from critical habitat designated elsewhere on Oahu and on 
Kauai, Molokai, and Maui for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 31--Spermolepis hawaiiensis--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Spermolepis hawaiiensis and is 
116 ha (286 ac) on State (Diamond Head State Park) lands, containing 
Kuilei Cliffs. The unit provides habitat for one population of 300 
mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Spermolepis hawaiiensis and is occupied by 10 individuals. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to 
Spermolepis hawaiiensis include, but are not limited to, steep or 
vertical cliffs or the base of cliffs or ridges in coastal dry cliff 
vegetation. This unit is geographically separated from critical habitat 
designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Kauai, Molokai, and Maui for this 
species in order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by 
one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Stenogyne kanehoana--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Stenogyne kanehoana and is 140 ha 
(347 ac) on Federal (Lualualei Naval Reservation), State, and private 
lands (Honouliuli Preserve), containing Puu Hapapa and Puu Kanehoa. The 
unit provides habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Stenogyne kanehoana and is 
occupied by 6 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat 
that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Stenogyne kanehoana include, but are not 
limited to, lowland mesic forest. Although we do not believe that 
enough habitat currently exists to reach the recovery goal of 8 to 10 
populations for this species, this unit is geographically separated 
from the other unit designated as critical habitat for this island-
endemic species to avoid all recovery populations from being destroyed 
by one naturally occurring catastrophic event. In addition, this unit 
is geographically separated from Army lands at Schofield Barracks that 
provide habitat for two populations of this species.
Oahu 15--Stenogyne kanehoana--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Stenogyne kanehoana and is 43 ha 
(107 ac) on State and private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands, containing 
the Palikea Summit and the Laikea Trail. The unit provides habitat for 
one population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-
lived perennial Stenogyne kanehoana and is currently unoccupied. This 
unit is essential to the species' conservation because it supports 
habitat that is necessary for the establishment of additional 
populations on Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential to Stenogyne 
kanehoana include, but are not limited to, lowland mesic forest. 
Although we do not believe that enough habitat currently exists to 
reach the recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for this species, this 
unit is geographically separated from the other unit designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species to avoid all recovery 
populations from being destroyed by one naturally occurring 
catastrophic event. In addition, this unit is geographically separated 
from Army lands at Schofield Barracks that provide habitat for two 
populations of this species.
Oahu 4--Tetramolopium filiforme--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetramolopium filiforme and is 
111 ha (273 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) lands, containing 
Puu Kawiwi. The unit provides habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Tetramolopium 
filiforme and is occupied by one individual. This unit is essential to 
the species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and 
includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present 
populations, which is currently considered nonviable, and the 
establishment of one additional population. The habitat features 
contained in this unit that are essential to Tetramolopium filiforme 
include, but are not limited to, dry cliff faces or ridges in dry or 
mesic forests. We do not believe that enough habitat currently exists 
to reach the recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for this species. 
However, this unit is geographically separated from Army lands at Makua 
and Schofield that provide habitat for four populations of this 
species, in order to avoid all populations being destroyed by one 
naturally occurring catastrophic event (see ``Analysis of Impacts Under 
Section 4(b)(2): Other Impacts'').
Oahu 4--Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. 
lepidotum and is 167 ha (413 ac) on State (Kaala NAR, Mokuleia Forest 
Reserve) lands, containing Kamaohanui Summit. The unit provides habitat 
for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-
lived perennial Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum and is currently 
unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' conservation because 
it supports habitat that is necessary for the establishment of 
additional populations on Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to 
Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum include, but are not limited to, 
grassy ridgetops, slopes, or cliffs in windblown dry forests. This unit 
is geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat on Oahu for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. 
lepidotum and is 23 ha (56 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) 
lands. There are no named natural features in this unit. The unit 
provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. 
lepidotum and is occupied by 8 individuals. This unit is essential to 
the species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and 
includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present 
population, which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat 
features contained in this unit that are essential to Tetramolopium 
lepidotum ssp. lepidotum include, but are not limited to, grassy 
ridgetops, slopes, or cliffs in windblown dry forests. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat on Oahu for this species in order

[[Page 36061]]

to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. 
lepidotum and is 11 ha (28 ac) on Federal lands (Lualualei Naval 
Reservation), containing Puu Hapapa. The unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum and is currently 
unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' conservation because 
it supports habitat that is necessary for the establishment of 
additional populations on Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to 
Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum include, but are not limited to, 
grassy ridgetops, slopes, or cliffs in windblown dry forests. This unit 
is geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat on Oahu for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. 
lepidotum and is 94 ha (233 ac) on Federal (Lualualei Naval 
Reservation), State, and private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands, 
containing Puu Kanehoa. The unit, in combination with Oahu 15--
Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum--e, provides habitat for 2 
populations of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum and is currently 
unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' conservation because 
it supports habitat that is necessary for the establishment of 
additional populations on Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to 
Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum include, but are not limited to, 
grassy ridgetops, slopes, or cliffs in windblown dry forests. This unit 
is geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat on Oahu for this species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum--e
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. 
lepidotum and is 1 ha (3 ac) on State and private (Honouliuli Preserve) 
lands. There are no named natural features in this unit. The unit, in 
combination with Oahu 15--Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum--d, 
provides habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. 
lepidotum. It is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for 
the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum include, but are 
not limited to, grassy ridgetops, slopes, or cliffs in windblown dry 
forests. This unit is geographically separated from the other five 
units designated as critical habitat on Oahu for this species in order 
to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum--f
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. 
lepidotum and is 259 ha (641 ac) on Federal (Lualualei Naval 
Reservation), State, and private lands, containing Palikea Summit. The 
unit provides habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. 
lepidotum and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for 
the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum include, but are 
not limited to, grassy ridgetops, slopes, or cliffs in windblown dry 
forests. This unit is geographically separated from the other five 
units designated as critical habitat on Oahu for this species in order 
to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and is 
457 ha (1,129 ac) on State (Sacred Falls State Park, Hauula Forest 
Reserve, and Kaipapau Forest Reserve) and private lands, containing the 
Koolau Summit Trail. The unit provides habitat for one population of 
100 mature, reproducing individuals of the long-lived perennial 
Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and is occupied by 24 individuals. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to 
Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa include, but are not limited to, windswept 
summit ridges, slopes, or gullies in wet or sometimes mesic lowland 
forests or shrublands. This unit is geographically separated from the 
other five units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic 
species in order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by 
one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and is 
235 ha (581 ac) on State (Kahana Valley State Park), and private lands, 
containing Puu Kaaumakua. The unit provides habitat for one population 
of 100 mature, reproducing individuals of the long-lived perennial 
Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and is occupied by 5 individuals. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to 
Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa include, but are not limited to, windswept 
summit ridges, slopes, or gullies in wet or sometimes mesic lowland 
forests or shrublands. This unit is geographically separated from the 
other five units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic 
species in order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by 
one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and is 
411 ha (1,018 ac) on State (Waiahole Forest Reserve and Ewa Forest 
Reserve) and private lands, containing Eleao Summit. The unit provides 
habitat for one population of 100 mature, reproducing individuals of 
the long-lived perennial Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and is occupied by 2 
individuals. This unit is essential to the species' conservation 
because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat that is 
necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently

[[Page 36062]]

considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this unit that 
are essential to Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa include, but are not limited 
to, windswept summit ridges, slopes, or gullies in wet or sometimes 
mesic lowland forests or shrublands. This unit is geographically 
separated from the other five units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species in order to avoid all recovery populations 
being destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and is 
362 ha (894 ac) on Federal, State (Waiahole Forest Reserve and Kaneohe 
Forest Reserve), and private lands, containing Puu Kahualuli and Puu 
Keahiakahoe. The unit provides habitat for one population of 100 
mature, reproducing individuals of the long-lived perennial 
Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and is occupied by 28 individuals. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to 
Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa include, but are not limited to, windswept 
summit ridges, slopes, or gullies in wet or sometimes mesic lowland 
forests or shrublands. This unit is geographically separated from the 
other five units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic 
species in order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by 
one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 35--Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa--e
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and is 
152 ha (377 ac) on State (Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve) lands, 
containing Konahuanui Summit. The unit provides habitat for one 
population of 100 mature, reproducing individuals of the long-lived 
perennial Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and is occupied by 5 individuals. 
This unit is essential to the species' conservation because it supports 
an extant colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the 
expansion of the present population, which is currently considered 
nonviable. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa include, but are not limited to, 
windswept summit ridges, slopes, or gullies in wet or sometimes mesic 
lowland forests or shrublands. This unit is geographically separated 
from the other five units designated as critical habitat for this 
island-endemic species in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 35--Tetraplasnadra gymnocarpa--f
    This unit is critical habitat for Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and is 
213 ha (528 ac) on State (Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve) and 
private lands. There are no named natural features in this unit. The 
unit provides habitat for one population of 100 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the long-lived perennial Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa and 
is occupied by 15 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat 
that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa include, but are 
not limited to, windswept summit ridges, slopes, or gullies in wet or 
sometimes mesic lowland forests or shrublands. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Trematolobelia singularis--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Trematolobelia singularis and is 
86 ha (219 ac) on Federal, State (Waiahole Forest Reserve and Ewa 
Forest Reserve), and private lands, containing Eleao Summit. The unit 
provides habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Trematolobelia singularis and 
is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for the 
establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Trematolobelia singularis include, but are not limited to, 
steep, windswept cliff faces or slopes in Metrosideros polymorpha-
Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet shrubland. Although we do not 
believe that enough habitat currently exists to reach the recovery goal 
of 8 to 10 populations for this species, this unit is geographically 
separated from the other four units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species to avoid all recovery populations from 
being destroyed by one naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Trematolobelia singularis--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Trematolobelia singularis and is 
10 ha (26 ac) on Federal, State, and private lands, containing Puu 
Keahiakahoe. The unit provides habitat for one population of 300 
mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Trematolobelia singularis and is occupied by 50 individuals. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports an extant 
colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the 
present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to 
Trematolobelia singularis include, but are not limited to, steep, 
windswept cliff faces or slopes in Metrosideros polymorpha-
Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet shrubland. Although we do not 
believe that enough habitat currently exists to reach the recovery goal 
of 8 to 10 populations for this species, this unit is geographically 
separated from the other four units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species to avoid all recovery populations from 
being destroyed by one naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 34--Trematolobelia singularis--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Trematolobelia singularis and is 
2 ha (5 ac) on State (Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve) and private 
lands, containing Kainawaaunui Summit, Mount Olympus, Palikea Summit, 
and Puu Lanipo. The unit provides habitat for one population of 300 
mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Trematolobelia singularis and is currently unoccupied. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat that 
is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in 
order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Trematolobelia singularis include, but are 
not limited to, steep, windswept cliff faces or slopes in Metrosideros 
polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet shrubland. Although we do 
not believe that enough habitat currently exists to reach the recovery 
goal of 8 to 10 populations for this species, this unit is 
geographically separated from the other four units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species to avoid all recovery 
populations from being

[[Page 36063]]

destroyed by one naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 35--Trematolobelia singularis--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Trematolobelia singularis and is 
13 ha (33 ac) on State lands, containing Puu Lanihuli. The unit 
provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Trematolobelia singularis and 
is occupied by 100 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat 
that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Trematolobelia singularis include, but are 
not limited to, steep, windswept cliff faces or slopes in Metrosideros 
polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet shrubland. Although we do 
not believe that enough habitat currently exists to reach the recovery 
goal of 8 to 10 populations for this species, this unit is 
geographically separated from the other four units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species to avoid all recovery 
populations from being destroyed by one naturally occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 35--Trematolobelia singularis--e
    This unit is critical habitat for Trematolobelia singularis and is 
26 ha (64 ac) on State (Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve) and private 
lands, containing Konahuanui Summit. The unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Trematolobelia singularis and is occupied by 15 individuals. 
This unit is essential to the species' conservation because it supports 
an extant colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the 
expansion of the present population, which is currently considered 
nonviable. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Trematolobelia singularis include, but are not limited to, 
steep, windswept cliff faces or slopes in Metrosideros polymorpha-
Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet shrubland. Although we do not 
believe that enough habitat currently exists to reach the recovery goal 
of 8 to 10 populations for this species, this unit is geographically 
separated from the other four units designated as critical habitat for 
this island-endemic species to avoid all recovery populations from 
being destroyed by one naturally occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Urera kaalae--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Urera kaalae and is 53 ha (133 
ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) lands. There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit, in combination with Oahu 4--
Urera kaalae--b, provides habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Urera kaalae and 
is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for the 
establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Urera kaalae include, but are not limited to, slopes or 
gulches in diverse mesic forest. This unit is geographically separated 
from the other five units designated as critical habitat for this 
island-endemic species in order to avoid all recovery populations being 
destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Urera kaalae--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Urera kaalae and is 17 ha (43 ac) 
on State (Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve) lands. There are no named 
natural features in this unit. The unit, in combination with Oahu 4--
Urera kaalae--a, provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Urera kaalae and 
is occupied by 3 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat 
that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Urera kaalae include, but are not limited 
to, slopes or gulches in diverse mesic forest. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Urera kaalae--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Urera kaalae and is 224 ha (555 
ac) on Federal (Lualualei Naval Reservation) and private (Honouliuli 
Preserve) lands, containing Puu Hapapa and Puu Kanehoa. The unit 
provides habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Urera kaalae and is occupied 
by 4 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' conservation 
because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat that is 
necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Urera kaalae include, but are not limited 
to, slopes or gulches in diverse mesic forest. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Urera kaalae--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Urera kaalae and is 35 ha (87 ac) 
on private (Honoliuli Preserve) lands. There are no named natural 
features in this unit. The unit provides habitat for one population of 
300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Urera 
kaalae and is occupied by 7 individuals. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Urera kaalae include, but are not 
limited to, slopes or gulches in diverse mesic forest. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Urera kaalae--e
    This unit is critical habitat for Urera kaalae and is 51 ha (125 
ac) on Federal (Lualualei Naval Reservation) and State lands. There are 
no named natural features in this unit. The unit, in combination with 
Oahu 15--Urera kaalae--f, provides habitat for 2 populations of 300 
mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Urera 
kaalae and is occupied by 6 individuals. This unit is essential to the 
species' conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes 
habitat that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, 
which is currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Urera kaalae include, but are not 
limited to, slopes or gulches in diverse mesic forest. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being

[[Page 36064]]

destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Urera kaalae--f
    This unit is critical habitat for Urera kaalae and is 82 ha (202 
ac) on State and private (Honouliuli Preserve) lands, containing 
Palikea Summit. The unit, in combination with Oahu 15--Urera kaalae--e, 
provides habitat for 2 populations of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Urera kaalae and is occupied 
by 31 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' conservation 
because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat that is 
necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Urera kaalae include, but are not limited 
to, slopes or gulches in diverse mesic forest. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 1--Vigna o-wahuensis--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Vigna o-wahuensis and is 180 ha 
(447 ac) on State (Kaena Point State Park) lands, containing Alau 
Gulch, Alei Pali, Nihoa Gulch, Puu Pueo, and Uluhulu Gulch. The unit 
provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Vigna o-wahuensis and is 
currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for the 
establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Vigna o-wahuensis include, but are not limited to, open 
dry fossil reef, with shrubs or grasses or fairly steep slopes. This 
unit is geographically separated from critical habitat designated 
elsewhere on Oahu and on Maui and Kahoolawe for this species in order 
to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 24--Vigna o-wahuensis--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Vigna o-wahuensis and is 4 ha (12 
ac) on State (Mokulua Island State Seabird Sactuary) lands, containing 
the Mokulua Islands. The unit, in combination with Oahu 25--Vigna o-
wahuensis--c, provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Vigna o-wahuensis 
and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for the 
establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Vigna o-wahuensis include, but are not limited to, open 
dry fossil reef with shrubs or grasses or fairly steep slopes. This 
unit is geographically separated from critical habitat designated 
elsewhere on Oahu and on Maui and Kahoolawe for this species in order 
to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 25--Vigna o-wahuensis--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Vigna o-wahuensis and is 4 ha (9 
ac) on State (Mokulua Island State Seabird Sactuary) lands, containing 
the Mokulua Islands. The unit, in combination with Oahu 24--Vigna o-
wahuensis--b, provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Vigna o-wahuensis 
and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports habitat that is necessary for the 
establishment of additional populations on Oahu in order to reach 
recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this unit that are 
essential to Vigna o-wahuensis include, but are not limited to, open 
dry fossil reef with shrubs or grasses or fairly steep slopes. This 
unit is geographically separated from critical habitat designated 
elsewhere on Oahu and on Maui and Kahoolawe for this species in order 
to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-
occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 26--Vigna o-wahuensis--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Vigna o-wahuensis and is 26 ha 
(63 ac) on State (Manana Island State Seabird Sanctuary) lands, 
containing Manana Island. The unit provides habitat for one population 
of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial 
Vigna o-wahuensis and is currently unoccupied. This unit is essential 
to the species' conservation because it supports habitat that is 
necessary for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in 
order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Vigna o-wahuensis include, but are not 
limited to, open dry fossil reef with shrubs or grasses or fairly steep 
slopes. This unit is geographically separated from critical habitat 
designated elsewhere on Oahu and on Maui and Kahoolawe for this species 
in order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one 
naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana and is 199 ha (491 ac) on State (Kaala NAR and Mokuleia 
Forest Reserve) lands. There are no named natural features in this 
unit. The unit provides habitat for 4 populations of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Viola 
chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana and is currently unoccupied. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat 
that is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on 
Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana include, but are not limited to, dry cliffs, rocky 
ledges, or steep slopes in mesic shrubland or cliff vegetation. This 
unit is geographically separated from the other five units designated 
as critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid 
all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana and is 10 ha (25 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest 
Reserve) lands. There are no named natural features in this unit. The 
unit, in combination with Oahu 4--Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana--c, provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Viola 
chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana and is currently unoccupied. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat 
that is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on 
Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana include, but are not limited to, dry cliffs, rocky 
ledges, or steep slopes in mesic shrubland or cliff vegetation. This 
unit is geographically separated from the other five units designated 
as critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid 
all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 4--Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana--c
    This unit is critical habitat for Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana and

[[Page 36065]]

is 22 ha (55 ac) on State (Waianae Kai Forest Reserve) lands, 
containing Puu Kawiwi. The unit, in combination with Oahu 4--Viola 
chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana--b, provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana and is occupied by 5 
individuals. This unit is essential to the species' conservation 
because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat that is 
necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana 
include, but are not limited to, dry cliffs, rocky ledges, or steep 
slopes in mesic shrubland or cliff vegetation. This unit is 
geographically separated from the other five units designated as 
critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all 
recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 10--Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana--d
    This unit is critical habitat for Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana and is 6 ha (15 ac) on Federal lands (Lualualei Naval 
Reservation). There are no named natural features in this unit. The 
unit, in combination with Oahu 15--Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana--e, provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Viola 
chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana and is currently unoccupied. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat 
that is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on 
Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana include, but are not limited to, dry cliffs, rocky 
ledges, or steep slopes in mesic shrubland or cliff vegetation. This 
unit is geographically separated from the other five units designated 
as critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid 
all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana--e
    This unit is critical habitat for Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana and is 13 ha (31 ac) on Federal lands (Lualualei Naval 
Reservation). There are no named natural features in this unit. The 
unit, in combination with Oahu 10--Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana--d, provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Viola 
chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana and is currently unoccupied. This unit 
is essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat 
that is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on 
Oahu in order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained 
in this unit that are essential to Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana include, but are not limited to, dry cliffs, rocky 
ledges, or steep slopes in mesic shrubland or cliff vegetation. This 
unit is geographically separated from the other five units designated 
as critical habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid 
all recovery populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring 
catastrophic event.
Oahu 15--Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana--f
    This unit is critical habitat for Viola chamissoniana ssp. 
chamissoniana and is 29 ha (72 ac) on Federal (Lualualei Naval 
Reservation) and private lands. There are no named natural features in 
this unit. The unit provides habitat for one population of 300 mature, 
reproducing individuals of the short-lived perennial Viola 
chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana and is occupied by 3 individuals. This 
unit is essential to the species' conservation because it supports an 
extant colony and includes habitat that is necessary for the expansion 
of the present population, which is currently considered nonviable. The 
habitat features contained in this unit that are essential to Viola 
chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana include, but are not limited to, dry 
cliffs, rocky ledges, or steep slopes in mesic shrubland or cliff 
vegetation. This unit is geographically separated from the other five 
units designated as critical habitat for this island-endemic species in 
order to avoid all recovery populations being destroyed by one 
naturally-occurring catastrophic event.
Oahu 20--Viola oahuensis--a
    This unit is critical habitat for Viola oahuensis and is 903 ha 
(2,232 ac) on Federal (Oahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge), State 
(Hauula Forest Reserve, Sacred Falls State Park, Kaipapau Forest 
Reserve, Kahana Valley State Park, Ewa Forest Reserve, and Waiahole 
Forest Reserve), and private lands, containing Eleao Summit, Puu 
Kahuauli, Puu Keahiakahoe, Puu Pauao, and the Koolau Summit Trail. The 
unit provides habitat for 6 populations of 300 mature, reproducing 
individuals of the short-lived perennial Viola oahuensis and is 
occupied by 67 individuals. This unit is essential to the species' 
conservation because it supports an extant colony and includes habitat 
that is necessary for the expansion of the present population, which is 
currently considered nonviable. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Viola oahuensis include, but are not limited 
to, exposed, windswept ridges of moderate to steep slope in wet 
Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis shrublands or 
Metrosideros polymorpha mixed montane bogs in the cloud zone. This unit 
is geographically separated from the other unit designated as critical 
habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all recovery 
populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic 
event.
Oahu 35--Viola oahuensis--b
    This unit is critical habitat for Viola oahuensis and is 74 ha (186 
ac) on State (Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve) lands, containing 
Konahuanui Summit and Mount Olympus. The unit provides habitat for one 
population of 300 mature, reproducing individuals of the short-lived 
perennial Viola oahuensis and is currently unoccupied. This unit is 
essential to the species' conservation because it supports habitat that 
is necessary for the establishment of additional populations on Oahu in 
order to reach recovery goals. The habitat features contained in this 
unit that are essential to Viola oahuensis include, but are not limited 
to, exposed, windswept ridges of moderate to steep slope in wet 
Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis shrublands or 
Metrosideros polymorpha mixed montane bogs in the cloud zone. This unit 
is geographically separated from the other unit designated as critical 
habitat for this island-endemic species in order to avoid all recovery 
populations being destroyed by one naturally-occurring catastrophic 
event.

Effects of Critical Habitat Designation

Section 7 Consultation

    Section 7(a) of the Act requires Federal agencies, including the 
Service, to ensure that actions they fund, authorize, or carry out are 
not likely to destroy or adversely modify critical habitat. Destruction 
or adverse modification of critical habitat occurs when a Federal 
action directly or indirectly alters critical habitat to the extent 
that it appreciably diminishes the value of critical habitat for the 
conservation of the species. Individuals,

[[Page 36066]]

organizations, States, local governments, and other non-Federal 
entities are affected by the designation of critical habitat when their 
actions occur on Federal lands, require a Federal permit, license, or 
other authorization, or involve Federal funding.
    Section 7(a)(2) of the Act requires Federal agencies, including the 
Service, to evaluate their actions with respect to any species that is 
listed as endangered or threatened and with respect to its critical 
habitat, if any is designated. If a Federal action may affect a listed 
species or its critical habitat, the responsible Federal action agency 
must enter into consultation with us. Through this consultation, the 
action agency would ensure that the permitted actions do not destroy or 
adversely modify critical habitat. Section 7(a)(4) of the Act requires 
Federal agencies (action agency) to confer with us on any action that 
is likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a species proposed 
for listing or result in destruction or adverse modification of 
proposed critical habitat. Regulations implementing this interagency 
cooperation provision of the Act are codified at 50 CFR part 402.
    Regulations at 50 CFR 402.16 require Federal agencies to reinitiate 
formal consultation on previously reviewed actions under certain 
circumstances, including instances where critical habitat is 
subsequently designated and the Federal agency has retained 
discretionary involvement, or control has been retained or is 
authorized by law. Consequently, some Federal agencies may request 
reinitiation of consultation or conferencing with us on actions for 
which formal consultation has been completed, if those actions may 
affect designated critical habitat or adversely modify or destroy 
proposed critical habitat.
    If we issue a biological opinion concluding that a project is 
likely to result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical 
habitat, we also provide ``reasonable and prudent alternatives'' to the 
project, if any are identifiable. Reasonable and prudent alternatives 
are defined at 50 CFR 402.02 as alternative actions identified during 
consultation that can be implemented in a manner consistent with the 
intended purpose of the action, that are consistent with the scope of 
the Federal agency's legal authority and jurisdiction, that are 
economically and technologically feasible, and that the Director 
believes would avoid destruction or adverse modification of critical 
habitat. Reasonable and prudent alternatives can vary from slight 
project modifications to extensive redesign or relocation of the 
project. Costs associated with implementing a reasonable and prudent 
alternative are similarly variable.
    Activities on Federal lands that may affect critical habitat of one 
or more of the 99 plant species from Oahu will require section 7 
consultation. Activities on private or State lands requiring a permit 
from a Federal agency, such as a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of 
Engineers (Corps) under section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 
1344 et seq.), the Department of Housing and Urban Development, or a 
section 10(a)(1)(B) permit from us; or some other Federal action, 
including funding (e.g., from the Federal Highway Administration, 
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Federal Emergency Management 
Agency (FEMA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or Department of 
Energy); regulation of airport improvement activities by the FAA; and 
construction of communication sites licensed by the Federal 
Communications Commission (FCC) will also continue to be subject to the 
section 7 consultation process. Federal actions not affecting critical 
habitat and actions on non-Federal lands that are not federally funded, 
authorized, or permitted do not require section 7 consultation.
    Section 4(b)(8) of the Act requires us to briefly describe and 
evaluate in any proposed or final regulation that designates critical 
habitat those activities involving a Federal action that may adversely 
modify such habitat or that may be affected by such designation. We 
note that such activities may also jeopardize the continued existence 
of the species.
    Activities that, when carried out, funded, or authorized by a 
Federal agency, may directly or indirectly destroy or adversely modify 
critical habitat include, but are not limited to:
    (1) Activities that appreciably degrade or destroy the primary 
constituent elements including, but not limited to: Overgrazing; 
maintenance of feral ungulates; clearing or cutting of native live 
trees and shrubs, whether by burning or mechanical, chemical, or other 
means (e.g., woodcutting, bulldozing, construction, road building, 
mining, herbicide application); introducing or enabling the spread of 
nonnative species; and taking actions that pose a risk of fire;
    (2) Activities that alter watershed characteristics in ways that 
would appreciably reduce groundwater recharge or alter natural, dynamic 
wetland or other vegetative communities. Such activities may include 
water diversion or impoundment, excess groundwater pumping, 
manipulation of vegetation such as timber harvesting, residential and 
commercial development, and grazing of livestock that degrades 
watershed values;
    (3) Rural residential construction that includes concrete pads for 
foundations and the installation of septic systems in wetlands where a 
permit under section 404 of the Clean Water Act would be required by 
the Corps;
    (4) Recreational activities that appreciably degrade vegetation;
    (5) Mining of sand or other minerals;
    (6) Introducing or encouraging the spread of nonnative plant 
species into critical habitat units; and
    (7) Importation of nonnative species for research, agriculture, and 
aquaculture, and the release of biological control agents that would 
have unanticipated effects on the listed species and the primary 
constituent elements of their habitat.
    If you have questions regarding whether specific activities will 
likely constitute adverse modification of critical habitat, contact the 
Field Supervisor, Pacific Islands Ecological Services Field Office (see 
ADDRESSES section). Requests for copies of the regulations on listed 
plants and animals, and inquiries about prohibitions and permits may be 
addressed to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Branch of Endangered 
Species/Permits, 911 N.E. 11th Ave., Portland, OR 97232-4181 (telephone 
503/231-2063; facsimile 503/231-6243).

Analysis of Managed Lands Under Section 3(5)(A)

    The need for ``special management considerations or protections'' 
of the essential habitat features (primary constituent elements) 
included in a designation is required by the definition of critical 
habitat in section 3(5)(A) of the Act. If the primary constituent 
elements are being adequately managed then they do not need ``special 
management considerations or protections.'' Adequate management or 
protection is provided by a legally operative plan that addresses the 
maintenance and improvement of the essential elements and provides for 
the long-term conservation of the species. We consider a plan adequate 
when it (1) provides a conservation benefit to the species (i.e., the 
plan must maintain or provide for an increase in the species' 
population or the enhancement or restoration of its habitat within the 
area covered by the plan); (2) provides assurances that the management 
plan will be implemented (i.e., those

[[Page 36067]]

responsible for implementing the plan are capable of accomplishing the 
objectives, have an implementation schedule and have adequate funding 
for the management plan); and, (3) provides assurances that the 
conservation plan will be effective (i.e., it identifies biological 
goals, has provisions for reporting progress, and is of a duration 
sufficient to implement the plan and achieve the plan's goals and 
objectives). If an area is covered by a plan that meets these criteria, 
it does not constitute critical habitat as defined by the Act because 
the primary constituent elements found there are not considered to be 
in need of special management or protection.
    Currently occupied and historically known sites containing one or 
more of the primary constituent elements considered essential to the 
conservation of these 99 plant species were examined to determine the 
adequacy of special management considerations or protection and, 
consequently, whether such areas meet the definition of critical 
habitat under section 3(5)(A). We reviewed all available management 
information on these plants at these sites, including published reports 
and surveys; annual performance and progress reports; management plans; 
grants; memoranda of understanding and cooperative agreements; DOFAW 
planning documents; internal letters and memos; biological assessments 
and environmental impact statements; and section 7 consultations. We 
reviewed all biological information received during the public comment 
periods, public meeting, and public hearing. When clarification was 
required on the information provided to us, we followed up with a 
telephone contact. We also met with staff from the Oahu District DOFAW 
office to discuss management activities they are conducting on Oahu.
    In determining whether a management plan or agreement provides 
adequate management or protection, we first consider whether that plan 
provides a conservation benefit to the species. We considered the 
following threats and associated recommended management actions:
    (1) The factors that led to the listing of the species, as 
described in the final rules for listing each of the species. Effects 
of clearing and burning for agricultural purposes and of invasive 
nonnative plant and animal species have contributed to the decline of 
nearly all endangered and threatened plants in Hawaii (Cuddihy and 
Stone 1990; Howarth 1985; Loope 1998; Scott et al. 1986; Service 1994, 
1995a, 1995b, 1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1997, 1998a, 1998b, 1999; 
Smith 1985; Stone 1985; Vitousek 1992; Wagner et al. 1985).
    Current threats to these species include nonnative grass- and 
shrub-carried wildfire; browsing, digging, rooting, and trampling from 
feral ungulates (including goats, cattle, and pigs); direct and 
indirect effects of nonnative plant invasions, including alteration of 
habitat structure and microclimate; and disruption of pollination and 
gene-flow processes by adverse effects of mosquito-borne avian disease 
on forest bird pollinators, direct competition between native and 
nonnative insect pollinators for food, and predation of native insect 
pollinators by nonnative hymenopteran insects (ants). In addition, 
physiological processes such as reproduction and establishment, 
continue to be negatively affected by fruit- and flower-eating pests 
such as nonnative arthropods, mollusks, and rats, and photosynthesis 
and water transport are affected by nonnative insects, pathogens, and 
diseases. Many of these factors interact with one another, thereby 
compounding effects. Such interactions include nonnative plant 
invasions altering wildfire regimes; feral ungulates carry weeds and 
disturbing vegetation and soils, thereby facilitating dispersal and 
establishment of nonnative plants; and numerous nonnative insect 
species feeding on native plants, thereby increasing their 
vulnerability and exposure to pathogens and disease (Bruegmann et al. 
2001; Cuddihy and Stone 1990; D'Antonio and Vitousek 1992; Howarth 
1985; Mack 1992; Scott et al. 1986; Service 1994, 1995a, 1995b, 1996a, 
1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1997, 1998a, 1998b, 1999; Smith 1985; Tunison et 
al. 1992);
    (2) The recommendations from the HPPRCC in their 1998 report to us 
(``Habitat Essential to the Recovery of Hawaiian Plants''). As 
summarized in this report, recovery goals for endangered Hawaiian plant 
species cannot be achieved without the effective control of nonnative 
species threats, wildfire, and land use changes; and
    (3) The management actions needed for assurance of survival and 
ultimate recovery of these plants. These actions are described in our 
recovery plans for these 99 species (Service 1994, 1995a, 1995b, 1996a, 
1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1997, 1998a, 1998b, 1999), in the 1998 HPPRCC 
report to us, and in various other documents and publications relating 
to plant conservation in Hawaii (Cuddihy and Stone 1990; Mueller-
Dombois 1985; Smith 1985; Stone 1985; Stone et al. 1992).
    In general, taking all of the above recommended management actions 
into account, the following management actions are important in 
providing a conservation benefit to the species: Feral ungulate 
control; wildfire management; nonnative plant control; rodent control; 
invertebrate pest control; maintenance of genetic material of the 
endangered and threatened plant species; propagation, reintroduction, 
and augmentation of existing populations into areas essential for the 
recovery of the species; ongoing management of the wild, outplanted, 
and augmented populations; maintenance of natural pollinators and 
pollinating systems, when known; habitat management and restoration in 
areas essential for the recovery of the species; monitoring of the 
wild, outplanted, and augmented populations; rare plant surveys; and 
control of human activities/access (Service 1994, 1995a, 1995b, 1996a, 
1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1997, 1998a, 1998b, 1999). On a case-by-case 
basis, these actions may rise to different levels of importance for a 
particular species or area, depending on the biological and physical 
requirements of the species and the location(s) of the individual 
plants.
    As shown in Table 2, the 99 species of plants are found on Federal, 
State, and private lands on the island of Oahu. Information received in 
response to our public notices; meetings with Oahu District DOFAW 
staff; the May 28, 2002, proposal; public comment periods; and the 
November 19, 2002, public hearing; as well as information in our files, 
indicated that there is limited ongoing conservation management action 
for these plants, except as noted below. Without management plans and 
assurances that the plans will be implemented, we are unable to find 
that the lands in question do not require special management or 
protection.
    The following discussion analyzes current management plans that 
provide a conservation benefit to the species on lands under U.S. Army 
jurisdiction to assess whether they meet the Service's requirements for 
adequate management or protection.
    The Sikes Act Improvements Act of 1997 (Sikes Act) requires each 
military installation that includes land and water suitable for the 
conservation and management of natural resources to complete, by 
November 17, 2001, an Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan 
(INRMP). An INRMP integrates implementation of the military mission of 
the installation with stewardship of the natural resources found there. 
Each INRMP includes an assessment of the ecological needs on the 
installation, including needs to provide for the conservation of listed 
species; a statement of goals and

[[Page 36068]]

priorities; a detailed description of management actions to be 
implemented to provide for these ecological needs; and a monitoring and 
adaptive management plan. We consult with the military on the 
development and implementation of INRMPs for installations with listed 
species. Bases that have completed and approved INRMPs that adequately 
address the needs of the species may not meet the definition of 
critical habitat discussed above, because they may not require special 
management or protection. We would not include these areas in critical 
habitat designations if they meet the following three criteria: (1) A 
current INRMP must be complete and provide a conservation benefit to 
the species, (2) there must be assurances that the conservation 
management strategies will be implemented, and (3) there must be 
assurances that the conservation management strategies will be 
effective, by providing for periodic monitoring and revisions as 
necessary. If all of these criteria are met, then the lands covered 
under the plan would not meet the definition of critical habitat.

Lands Under U.S. Army Jurisdiction

    The Army has six installations under its jurisdiction on Oahu: 
Dillingham Military Reservation (DMR), Kawailoa Training Area (KLOA), 
Kahuku Training Area (KTA), Makua Military Reservation (MMR), Schofield 
Barracks Military Reservation (SBMR), and Schofield Barracks East Range 
(SBER). All of these lands are administered by the Army Garrison, 
Hawaii, for various types of routine military training. The Army has 
completed an INRMP (Army 2002), an Ecosystem Management Plan (Army 
1998), and an Endangered Species Management Plan (Research Corporation 
of Hawaii (RCUH) 1998) for all of the Oahu training areas. These plans 
encompass management actions that will benefit all 76 listed plant 
species for which critical habitat has been proposed on these Army 
lands. They have a completed Wildland Fire Management Plan (WFMP) for 
MMR (Army 2000) and a draft plan which includes the other five 
installations (Army 2003). The goal of the WFMP is to reduce the threat 
of wildfire which adversely affects threatened and endangered species 
on all six installations. The Army also provides monthly and annual 
summary reports (Col. W.E. Ryan III, Army, in litt. 2000-2002; Col. 
F.A. Quintana, Army, in litt. 2002-2003) regarding the natural 
resources management projects performed under the Ecosystems Management 
Program for all six installations (RCUH 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 
2002). These reports provide information on management actions which 
have been implemented and which of these have proven beneficial to 
populations of listed species.
    The INRMP describes specific actions for each installation, 
including anticipated implementation schedules. It includes hundreds of 
ongoing and proposed actions within the time frame of the INRMP 
designed to address the variety of threats faced by these plant species 
at appropriate scales: Species-specific, small areas, watersheds, and 
installation-wide. Examples of management activities directed towards 
the conservation of listed plants and their habitat include: (1) Field 
surveys to identify new populations of threatened and endangered plant 
species in previously unsurveyed areas and areas of suitable habitat; 
(2) development of a web-based system for a rare plant database; (3) 
establishment of a GIS database to store data to be used to monitor 
threatened and endangered plant species; (4) maintenance a GIS database 
updated with results of field surveys; (5) determining effects of 
military actions on threatened and endangered plants species through 
monitoring known populations of threatened and endangered plant 
species; (6) evaluation and determination of plant propagation needs 
and storage facilities; (7) identification of research needs regarding 
pollination biology and establishment of a GIS database to store data 
to be used to monitor threatened and endangered plant species; (8) 
propagation and outplanting of threatened and endangered plant species; 
and (9) creation of a full-time horticulturist position to identify and 
implement management actions for threatened and endangered plant 
species (Army 2002).
    The list of ongoing and proposed actions detailed in the INRMP 
focuses management activities into the areas of wildfire management, 
nonmilitary human land use, feral ungulate control, invasive plant 
control, and other nonnative species control. As an example, some of 
the management actions that address feral ungulate control include: (1) 
The establishment and evaluation of permanent ungulate monitoring 
transects; (2) development and establishment of a GIS database to 
maintain these transect data; (3) implementation of ungulate control 
measures as necessary in areas where there are populations or 
occurrences of threatened and endangered species; (4) evaluation of 
ungulate control efforts to determine if permanent management units are 
required; and (5) monitoring and maintenance of existing fenced units. 
In addition, management actions for control of nonnative plant species 
include: (1) The control and eradication of nonnative incipient plant 
species, particularly in areas where threatened and endangered species 
occur; (2) control of widespread nonnative plant species where they 
threaten native plant communities; and (3) establishment of a GIS 
database for nonnative plant location data, and updating nonnative 
plant location maps to track and prioritize control efforts (Army 
2002).
    The comprehensive list of ongoing and proposed management 
activities detailed in the INRMP addresses each of the management 
actions detailed above that the Service considers are important in 
providing a conservation benefit to the species, therefore, the plan 
provides a conservation benefit to the species.
    In terms of providing assurances that the management plant will be 
implemented, the INRMP provides implementation schedules and identifies 
funding needs for each installation through the year 2006. Examples of 
those programs identified for funding include the Endangered Species 
Management, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Integrity, Watershed Management, 
Conservation Education and Outreach, and Pest Management. The Army has 
committed to increased funding for their wildland fire program to 
ensure proactive fire management that will benefit threatened and 
endangered plant species through increased protection of habitat on 
their lands. They have also committed to continued funding of actions 
that benefit habitat restoration, species stabilization, and threat 
abatement (Anderson, in litt. 2003).
    The plan does provide assurances that the conservation effort will 
be effective. The Army will fund and engage in activities that have 
been demonstrated to benefit threatened and endangered species (e.g., 
ungulate and invasive weed control). In addition to the extensive 
monitoring provisions contained in the INRMP and provided by the 
reporting procedures, the Army has agreed to amend their existing INRMP 
to include additional monitoring of federally listed plants and their 
habitat at all of their Oahu installations to determine the success of 
identified management activities. Based upon this information, 
activities will be revised to provide for the optimum conservation 
benefit to the listed plant species and their habitat (Col. David L. 
Anderson, Army, in litt. 2003). Thus, the Army will monitor the 
effectiveness of its management actions and modify them,

[[Page 36069]]

as necessary, to ensure their effectiveness.
    As all three criteria above have been met, the Service has 
determined that lands on the island of Oahu which fall under U.S. Army 
jurisdiction do not meet the definition of critical habitat in the Act. 
According to the Service's published recovery plans, the major 
extinction threats to Oahu plants involve the persistent and expanding 
presence of alien species and their associated impacts. In general, for 
most of these species there is less relative concern associated with 
Federal activities or proposed development. Recovery of these listed 
species will require active management such as plant propagation and 
reintroduction, management of fire risk, alien species removal, and 
ungulate and rat management. Failure to implement these management 
measures, all of which require active intervention and participation, 
virtually assures the extinction of these species. The Army is carrying 
out many of these actions on their lands, in some cases to a degree 
that surpasses that of other Federal, State, and private landowners in 
Hawaii. We are, therefore, not designating critical habitat on these 
lands. Should the status of these commitments change, the Service will 
reconsider whether these lands meet the definition of critical habitat. 
If the definition is met, we have the authority to propose to amend 
critical habitat to include identified areas at that time (50 CFR 
section 424.14(g)). Although these areas are removed from the final 
critical habitat designation, the number of populations that habitat on 
these installations provides is applied toward the overall conservation 
goal of 8 to10 populations for each species because these lands will be 
managed under the INRMP consistent with recovery goals.

Analysis of Impacts Under Section 4(b)(2)

    Section 4(b)(2) of the Act requires us to designate critical 
habitat on the basis of the best scientific and commercial information 
available, and to consider the economic and other relevant impacts of 
designating a particular area as critical habitat. We may exclude areas 
from critical habitat upon a determination that the benefits of such 
exclusions outweigh the benefits of specifying such areas as critical 
habitat. We cannot exclude such areas from critical habitat when such 
exclusion will result in the extinction of the species concerned.

Economic Impacts

    Following the publication of the proposed critical habitat 
designation on May 28, 2002, a draft economic analysis was prepared to 
estimate the potential direct and indirect economic impacts associated 
with the designation, in accordance with recent decisions in the N.M. 
Cattlegrowers Ass'n v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., 248 F.3d 1277 
(10th Cir. 2001). The draft analysis was made available for review on 
December 26, 2002 (67 FR 78763). Following the close of the comment 
period, an addendum was completed that incorporated public comments on 
the draft analysis and made other changes as necessary. These changes 
were primarily the result of modifications made to the proposed 
critical habitat designation based on biological information received 
during the comment periods. Together, the draft economic analysis and 
the addendum constitute our final economic analysis.
    Our economic analysis evaluated the potential direct and indirect 
economic impacts associated with the proposed critical habitat 
designation for the 99 plant species from the island of Oahu over the 
next 10 years. Direct impacts are those related to consultations under 
section 7 of the Act. They include the cost of completing the section 7 
consultation process and potential project modifications resulting from 
the consultation. Indirect impacts are secondary costs and benefits not 
directly related to operation of the Act. Examples of indirect impacts 
include potential effects to property values, redistricting of land 
from agricultural or urban to conservation, and social welfare benefits 
of ecological improvements.
    The categories of potential direct and indirect costs considered in 
the analysis included the costs associated with: (1) Conducting section 
7 consultations, including incremental consultations and technical 
assistance; (2) modifications to projects, activities, or land uses 
resulting from the section 7 consultations; (3) uncertainty and public 
perceptions resulting from the designation of critical habitat 
including potential effects on property values and potential indirect 
costs resulting from the loss of hunting opportunities and the 
interaction of State and local laws; and (4) potential offsetting 
beneficial costs associated with critical habitat, including 
educational benefits. The most likely economic effects of critical 
habitat designation are on activities funded, authorized, or carried 
out by a Federal agency (i.e., direct costs).
    The analysis in the DEA incorporated two baselines: one that 
addressed the impact of the proposed critical habitat designation that 
may be attributable coextensively to the listing of the species, and 
one that addressed the incremental impact of the proposed designation.
    The Addendum utilizes only the first of the two baselines. Because 
of the uncertainty about the benefits and economic costs resulting 
solely from critical habitat designations, the Service believes that it 
is reasonable to estimate the economic impacts of a designation 
utilizing this single baseline. It is important to note that the 
inclusion of impacts attributable coextensively to the listing does not 
convert the economic analysis into a tool to be used in deciding 
whether or not a species should be added to the Federal list of 
threatened and endangered species.
    The final economic analysis estimates that, over the next 10 years, 
the designation (co-extensive with the listing in some instances) may 
result in potential direct economic effects from implementation of 
section 7 ranging from approximately $8.3 million to $20.3 million in 
quantifiable costs. This is an increase from the range of $1.1 to $2.4 
million in the draft economic analysis. The increase is primarily due 
to revised estimates associated with section 7 consultations on Army 
lands. All other direct costs stay the same or decrease, due primarily 
to the exclusion of proposed units Oahu C, Oahu M, Oahu P, and Oahu V 
from final designation and the significant reduction in size to 
proposed units Oahu A, Oahu G, Oahu L, and Oahu W because they lacked 
the primary constituent elements or were not essential to the 
conservation of the species. Overall, the largest portion of this 
estimate includes Army lands that were proposed as critical habitat but 
have been removed from the final designation. Therefore, the direct 
cost of designating critical habitat for these 99 plant species will be 
far less than this estimate.
    While our final economic analysis includes an evaluation of 
potential indirect costs associated with the designation of critical 
habitat for 99 plant species on Oahu, the reported costs are often 
unquantifiable and discussed in qualitative terms. In general, most of 
the potential indirect effects are thought to have a low probability of 
occurrence. The final economic analysis concludes the probability that 
some land within the Urban and Agricultural Districts would be 
redistricted to Conservation is considered moderate to high. However,

[[Page 36070]]

the analysis concludes it is unlikely that all lands within the Urban 
and Agricultural Districts would be redistricted to Conservation. In 
addition, such redistricting is not expected to have a significant 
economic impact because the land most likely converted to the 
Conservation District are those with a high value for conservation and 
low economic value (i.e., not suitable for development). The final 
economic analysis also discusses economic benefits in qualitative terms 
rather than providing quantitative estimates because of the lack of 
information available to estimate the economic benefits of endangered 
species preservation and ecosystem improvements.
    A more detailed discussion of our economic analysis is contained in 
the draft economic analysis and the addendum. Both documents are 
available for inspection at the Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife 
Office (see ADDRESSES section).
    Other than the Army lands discussed below, no critical habitat 
units in the proposed rule were excluded or modified due to a 
determination that the benefits of excluding the lands, taking into 
account the economic and other relevant impacts, exceeded the benefits 
of specifying them as critical habitat.

Other Impacts

    As described in the ``Analysis of Managed Lands Under Section 
3(5)(A)'' section above, based on our evaluation of the adequacy of 
special management and protection that is provided in the Army's Final 
Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) for Oahu Training 
Areas (Department of the Army 2002) for the plant species addressed in 
this proposal which are found on Army lands, in accordance with section 
3(5)(A)(i) of the Act, we have not included the Army's Dillingham 
Military Reservation (DMR), Kawailoa Training Area (KLOA), Kahuku 
Training Area (KTA), Makua Military Reservation (MMR), Schofield 
Barracks Military Reservation (SBMR), and Schofield Barracks East Range 
(SBER), in this final designation of critical habitat. However, to the 
extent that special management considerations and protection may be 
required for these areas and they, therefore, would meet the definition 
of critical habitat according to section 3(5)(A)(i), they are properly 
excluded from designation under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, based on 
the following analysis.
    As explained below, we believe the benefits of designating critical 
habitat for the 76 species listed above at DMR, KLOA, KTA, MMR, SBMR, 
and SBER are relatively low and outweighed by the benefits of excluding 
these areas from critical habitat. We also have concerns that a 
critical habitat designation may negatively impact the Army's ability 
to effectively carry out a recently proposed training and equipment 
conversion program on Oahu and otherwise adversely impact national 
security.
    The Army's DMR, KLOA, KTA, MMR, SBMR, and SBER are occupied habitat 
for 53 species and unoccupied habitat for 23 species, as referenced 
above. A total of 10,905 hectares (26,946 acres) are excluded from 
final critical habitat; of this total, 6,208 hectares (15,340 acres) 
are considered occupied by one or more listed species, while 4,697 
hectares (11,606 acres) are considered unoccupied. The unoccupied 
habitat is located in the northern portion of the Koolau Mountains.
    According to our published recovery plans, recovery of these 76 
species will require reproducing, self-sustaining populations located 
in a geographic array across the landscape, with population numbers and 
population locations of sufficient robustness to withstand periodic 
threats due to natural disaster or biological threats (Service 1994, 
1995a, 1995b, 1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1997, 1998a, 1998b, 1999). 
The highest priority recovery tasks include proactive management such 
as plant propagation and reintroduction, fire control, nonnative 
species removal, and ungulate fencing. Failure to implement these 
active management measures, all of which require voluntary landowner 
support and participation, increases the likelihood that species will 
go extinct or not recover. The Army is undertaking many of these types 
of conservation actions on their lands on Oahu as part of the 
implementation of the INRMP for Oahu Training Areas. These activities, 
which are described in more detail in the ``Analysis of Managed Lands 
Under Section 3(5)(A)'' section, require substantial financial 
obligations by the Army and cooperation with other agencies, 
landowners, and local residents.
    The following analysis describes the likely positive and negative 
impacts of a critical habitat designation on Army lands compared to the 
likely positive and negative impacts of a critical habitat exclusion of 
those lands. The Service paid particular attention to the following 
issues: To what extent a critical habitat designation would confer 
additional regulatory, educational, and social benefits; and to what 
extent would critical habitat interfere with the Army's ongoing 
proactive conservation actions.
(1) Benefits of Designating U.S. Army Lands as Critical Habitat
    The six Army Oahu installations contain habitat essential to the 
conservation of the 76 species listed above. The primary regulatory 
benefit provided by a critical habitat designation on Army lands is the 
requirement under section 7 of the Act that any actions authorized, 
funded, or carried out by the Army would not destroy or adversely 
modify any critical habitat, which includes an evaluation on the 
effects of the action on recovery of the species. Most of the Army 
areas are occupied by listed species and thus section 7 consultation 
would already be required. However, since areas without listed species 
present or without a critical habitat designation do not always receive 
section 7 evaluation (e.g., see 50 CFR 402.12, biological assessments 
are based on a list of species present in the action area), a critical 
habitat designation in unoccupied areas may provide additional 
regulatory benefits.
    The net benefit of this aspect of critical habitat, however, has 
been significantly minimized by the Army's commitment to coordinate 
with the Service on any of its activities that may adversely affect 
areas whether occupied or unoccupied by listed species that are 
considered essential to their conservation (i.e., proposed as critical 
habitat) (Anderson, in litt., March 20, 2003). In fact, for the current 
consultation at the six Oahu installations, the Army is evaluating 
impacts of its ongoing and future training activities on habitat 
considered essential to the conservation, including habitat unoccupied 
by listed species.
    Moreover, the section 7 mandate to avoid destroying critical 
habitat does not extend to requiring plant reintroductions or other 
proactive conservation measures (e.g., ungulate control, etc.) 
considered essential to the conservation of the species. As discussed 
above, the major threat to these species is the persistent and 
expanding presence of alien species. Failure to implement proactive 
management measures such as alien species removal and ungulate and rat 
management, as well as management of fire risk and plant propagation 
and reintroduction, may result in extinction of these species even with 
a critical habitat designation. These actions are, however, included in 
the Army's INRMP for Oahu Training Areas and will provide tangible 
benefits that will

[[Page 36071]]

reduce the likelihood of extinction and increase the chances of 
recovery.
    Another potential benefit of a critical habitat designation on 
these Army lands is the education of the Army and the general public 
concerning the conservation value of these lands. While we believe 
these educational benefits are important for the conservation of these 
species, we believe it has already been achieved through the Army's 
INRMP (for example most of the INRMP's biologically sensitive areas 
overlap with proposed critical habitat), publication of the proposed 
critical habitat rule, the many public and interagency meetings that 
have been held to discuss the proposal, and discussion contained in 
this final rule.
    In sum, the Army will manage for the conservation of all of these 
species through their INRMP process; this management will confer 
significant conservation benefits to the species that would not 
necessarily result from the section 7 consultation process. In 
addition, the Army has agreed to coordinate with the Service on any 
actions that may affect essential habitat areas (whether occupied or 
unoccupied by the listed species) even if these areas are not 
designated as final critical habitat. Taken together, these two 
management commitments by the Army lead the Service to conclude that 
any additional, incremental regulatory benefits provided by a final 
critical habitat designation on Army lands would be relatively small.
(2) Benefits of Excluding U.S. Army Lands from Critical Habitat
    When evaluating the potential negative impacts of a critical 
habitat designation and the potential benefits of excluding Army lands 
from final critical habitat, the Service considered whether critical 
habitat designation would affect Army's military mission on its Oahu 
installations and adversely impact national security.
    As noted above, these plants will need actions that proactively 
remove existing threats and that include propagation and reintroduction 
into unoccupied areas if they are to recover. Neither section 7 
consultations nor a critical habitat designation would necessarily 
result in the implementation of actions needed for recovery of these 
species.
    The Army is engaged in or has committed to engage in a wide variety 
of proactive conservation management activities that are set out in the 
``Analysis of Managed Lands Under Section 3(5)(A)'' section of this 
rule.
    The Service also considered whether a final critical habitat 
designation would negatively impact the Army's military mission and 
thus national security. Overall, the Service believes it has been able 
to work closely and in a positive collaborative fashion with the Army 
to minimize potential negative impacts to the Army's military training 
activities as a consequence of Endangered Species Act regulation.
    However, the 25th Infantry Division (Light) based on Oahu has 
recently been selected to participate in the experimental 
``Transformation'' of its force to a lighter, rapid response force 
known as a Stryker Brigade Combat Team.
    The Army has stated that a final critical habitat designation may 
lead to disruption to training and a delay of construction of required 
training facilities if the Army has to consult on the impacts to newly 
designated critical habitat. The active training areas allow the troops 
to attain skills to respond to enemy fire quickly and accurately and to 
train in offensive operations. The natural and physical attributes of 
the training areas in Hawaii realistically mirror the battlefield 
conditions found in other nations in the Pacific region. As these 
training conditions are not found anywhere else in the continental 
United States, the Army states that it is imperative that the 
utilization of the military training installations in Hawaii not be 
impeded by additional requirements associated with section 7 
consultations on critical habitat designations.
(3) The Benefits of Excluding Army Lands from Critical Habitat Outweigh 
the Benefits of Inclusion
    Based on the above considerations, and in accordance with section 
4(b)(2) of the Act, we have determined that the benefits of excluding 
the Army's Oahu training areas from critical habitat due to adverse 
impacts to national security and other relevant factors, as set forth 
above, outweigh the benefits of including these lands in critical 
habitat for the 76 species listed above. We acknowledge that the 
benefits for either inclusion or exclusion of Army lands appear to be 
relatively limited. Therefore, we have carefully weighed the relative 
benefits of each option.
    Although these areas within Army lands are removed from the final 
critical habitat designation, the Service still considers them 
essential to the conservation of these species. The number of 
populations that the habitat on these installations provides is applied 
towards the overall recovery goal of 8 to 10 populations for each 
species (see discussion below), and it is anticipated that these lands 
will be managed under the Army's INRMP for Oahu Training Areas 
consistent with the conservation goals for these species.
(4) Exclusion of This Unit Will Not Cause Extinction of the Species
    For both the 44 endemic and the 32 multi-island species, it is the 
Service's conclusion that the Army's mission and management plans 
(e.g., INRMP) will provide more net conservation benefits than would be 
provided if these areas were designated as critical habitat. These 
management plans, which are described above, will provide tangible 
proactive conservation benefits that will reduce the likelihood of 
extinction for the listed plants in these areas of Oahu and increase 
their likelihood of recovery. Further, the majority of these areas are 
already occupied by 53 of the 76 species and thereby benefit from the 
section 7 protections of the Act. The Army has agreed to coordinate 
with the Service on any actions that may adversely affect habitat in 
remaining unoccupied areas that are essential to the conservation of 
these species. The exclusion of these areas will not increase the risk 
of extinction to any of these species, and it may increase the 
likelihood these species will recover by encouraging other landowners 
to implement discretionary conservation activities as the Army has 
done.
    In addition, critical habitat is being designated on other areas of 
Oahu for all 44 of the endemic species, and critical habitat has been 
designated elsewhere on Oahu, and/or designated or proposed on other 
islands, for the remaining 32 multi-island species consistent with the 
guidance in recovery plans. These other designations identify 
conservation areas for the maintenance and expansion of the existing 
populations.
    In sum, the above analysis concludes that the exclusion of these 
lands will not cause extinction and should in fact improve the chances 
of recovery for all 76 species.

Lands Under U.S. Navy Jurisdiction

    The U.S. Navy (Navy) manages several areas which contain proposed 
critical habitat: Naval Magazine Pearl Harbor Lualualei Branch and 
Naval Computer and Telecommunication Area Master Station Pacific 
Transmitting Facility at Lualualei. The following discussion explains 
why portions of these Navy areas are included in final critical 
habitat.
    The U.S. Navy owns or leases much of Lualualei Valley, which is 
operated as a naval magazine and transmitting facility. One listed 
species, Marsilea villosa, occurs on land at the Naval Computer and 
Telecommunications

[[Page 36072]]

Area Master Station Pacific Radio Transmitting Facility at Lualualei. 
The Navy regularly mows this area, which benefits the species by 
keeping the grasses from taking over the habitat (HINHP Database 2001; 
Navy 2001a; Navy 2001c). Twenty-three species, Abutilon sandwicense, 
Alectryon macrococcus, Bonamia menziesii, Chamaesyce kuwaleana, Diellia 
falcata, Flueggea neowawraea, Hedyotis parvula, Lepidium arbuscula, 
Lipochaeta lobata, Lipochaeta tenuifolia, Lobelia niihauensis, Marsilea 
villosa, Melicope saint-johnii, Neraudia angulata, Nototrichium humile, 
Phyllostegia hirsuta, Plantago princeps, Sanicula mariversa, Schiedea 
hookeri, Tetramolopium filiforme, Tetramolopium lepidotum, Urera 
kaalae, and Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana, are reported from 
lands at the Naval Magazine Pearl Harbor Lualualei Branch (HINHP 
Database 2001; Navy 2001b; Navy 2001d). One fenced exclosure at the 
Halona management area has been erected to protect Abutilon sandwicense 
from feral ungulates, and another exclosure at Puu Hapapa protects 
Abutilon sandwicense, Bonamia menziesii, Fleuggea neowawraea, 
Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla, and Nototrichium humile from 
browsing by feral ungulates. Other management actions include some 
monitoring of rare plants, surveying for rare plants, and controlling 
some invasive plants in rare plant habitats (The Traverse Group 1988; 
Navy 1997, 2001a, 2001b; Navy 2001c; Navy 2001d).
    The Service conducted an analysis for U.S. Navy lands similar to 
that described above for Army lands. We were not able to exclude Navy 
lands from final critical habitat for the following reasons:
    ? The Navy's INRMP fails to address 17 of the 20 listed 
species for which critical habitat has been proposed on Navy lands. 
Therefore, absent explicit beneficial management plans for these 
species, and absent a reasonable likelihood that such plans for these 
species will be funded and implemented in the future, the Service 
cannot identify compelling conservation benefits that temper the 
regulatory benefits of a critical habitat designation on these Navy 
lands.
    ? Since the time critical habitat was first proposed on Navy 
lands, the Service has worked closely with Navy staff to scientifically 
refine the proposed critical habitat. The changes from the proposed 
critical habitat to final critical habitat reflect our attempt to 
ensure that we have included on those lands that contain features 
essential to the species or, if unoccupied, are themselves essential to 
the conservation of the species. In doing so, we have also been able to 
minimize the potential for negative impacts to military activities. 
Therefore, at this time we cannot identify any relevant negative 
impacts to the Navy's military mission as a consequence of this 
critical habitat designation.
    In conclusion, the Service believes that it is necessary to include 
these Navy lands in final critical habitat when the above factors are 
considered. The Navy is an important partner of the Service and, as 
described above, is carrying out some conservation activities on Oahu 
for some of these listed plant species. The current Navy management 
practices for the areas that are designated as critical habitat, 
including mowing and fire suppression, are consistent with the 
conservation of the listed plants and maintenance of their habitat. For 
example, Navy mowing has benefitted listed species by keeping grasses 
from taking over their habitat. Similarly, Navy fire management 
practices, such as restricting access, can further the conservation of 
listed plants. Although some areas on Navy lands are included in the 
final critical habitat designation, the Service will consider amending 
this critical habitat designation if new information becomes available 
regarding potential impacts to military readiness, or if there is a 
change in Navy INRMP planning and implementation that was not 
previously considered and that addresses the conservation needs of 
these species. For one listed species, Marsilea villosa, occurs on land 
at the Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Station 
Pacific Radio Transmitting Facility at Lualualei. The Navy regularly 
mows this area, which benefits the species by keeping the grasses from 
taking over the habitat (HINHP Database 2001; Navy 2001a; Navy 2001c).

Taxonomic Changes

    At the time we listed Hibiscus brackenridgei, Phyllostegia 
parviflora, and Mariscus pennatiformis, we followed the taxonomic 
treatments in Wagner et al. (1990), the widely used and accepted Manual 
of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Subsequent to the final listings for 
these three species, we became aware of new taxonomic treatments for 
these species. Also, the recently published book Hawaii's Ferns and 
Fern Allies (Palmer 2003) has changed the family name for Ctenitis 
squamigera (from Aspleniaceae to Dryopteridaceae). Due to the court-
ordered deadlines, we are required to publish this final rule to 
designate critical habitat on Oahu before we can prepare and publish a 
notice of taxonomic changes for these four species. We will prepare a 
taxonomic change notice for these four species after we have published 
the final critical habitat designations on Oahu.

Required Determinations

Regulatory Planning and Review

    In accordance with Executive Order 12866, the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB) has determined that this critical habitat designation 
is not a significant regulatory action. This rule will not have an 
annual economic effect of $100 million or more or adversely affect any 
economic sector, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, or 
other units of government. This designation will not create 
inconsistencies with other agencies' actions or otherwise interfere 
with an action taken or planned by another agency. It will not 
materially affect entitlements, grants, user fees, loan programs, or 
the rights and obligations of their recipients. Finally, this 
designation will not raise novel legal or policy issues. Accordingly, 
OMB has not formally reviewed this final critical habitat designation.

Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)

    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (as amended by the Small 
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) of 1996), 
whenever a Federal agency is required to publish a notice of rulemaking 
for any proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make available for 
public comment a regulatory flexibility analysis that describes the 
effect of the rule on small entities (i.e., small businesses, small 
organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions). However, no 
regulatory flexibility analysis is required if the head of the agency 
certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on 
a substantial number of small entities. SBREFA amended the RFA to 
require Federal agencies to provide a statement of the factual basis 
for certifying that a rule will not have a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities.
    Based on the information in our economic analysis (draft economic 
analysis and addendum), we are certifying that the critical habitat 
designation for 99 Oahu plant species will not have a significant 
effect on a substantial number of small entities because a substantial 
number of small

[[Page 36073]]

entities are not affected by the designation.
    Federal courts and Congress have indicated that an RFA/SBREFA 
analysis may be limited to entities directly subject to the 
requirements of the regulation (Service 2002). As such, entities not 
directly regulated by the listing or critical habitat designation are 
not considered in this section of the analysis.
    Small entities include small organizations, such as independent 
nonprofit organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions, 
including school boards and city and town governments that serve fewer 
than 50,000 residents, as well as small businesses. Small businesses 
include manufacturing and mining concerns with fewer than 500 
employees, wholesale trade entities with fewer than 100 employees, 
retail and service businesses with less than $5 million in annual 
sales, general and heavy construction businesses with less than $27.5 
million in annual business, special trade contractors doing less than 
$11.5 million in annual business, and agricultural businesses with 
annual sales less than $750,000. The RFA/SBREFA defines ``small 
governmental jurisdiction'' as the government of a city, county, town, 
school district, or special district with a population of less than 
50,000. By this definition, Honolulu County is not a small governmental 
jurisdiction because its population was 876,156 in 2000. Although 
certain State agencies, such as DLNR, Department of Agriculture (DOA), 
and Department of Transportation (DOT), may be affected by the critical 
habitat designation, State governments are not considered small 
governments, for the purposes of the RFA. To determine if potential 
economic impacts to these small entities are significant, we consider 
the types of activities that might trigger regulatory impacts under 
this rule as well as the types of project modifications that may 
result. In general, the term ``significant economic impact'' is meant 
to apply to a typical small business firm's business operations.
    To determine if the rule would affect a substantial number of small 
entities, we consider the number of small entities affected within 
particular types of economic activities (e.g., housing development, 
grazing, oil and gas production, timber harvesting, etc.). We apply the 
``substantial number'' test individually to each industry to determine 
if certification is appropriate. SBREFA does not explicitly define 
either ``substantial number'' or ``significant economic impact.'' 
Consequently, to assess whether a ``substantial number'' of small 
entities is affected by this designation, this analysis considers the 
relative number of small entities likely to be impacted in the area. 
Similarly, this analysis considers the relative cost of compliance on 
the revenues/profit margins of small entities in determining whether or 
not entities incur a ``significant economic impact.'' Only small 
entities that are expected to be directly affected by the designation 
are considered in this portion of the analysis. This approach is 
consistent with several judicial opinions related to the scope of the 
RFA (Mid-Tex Electric Co-op Inc. v. F.E.R.C., 249 U.S. App. D.C. 64, 
773 F.2d 327 (1985) and American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. U.S. 
E.P.A., 175 F.3d 1027, 336 U.S.App.D.C. 16 (D.C.Cir., May 14, 1999)).
    The primary projects and activities that might be affected by the 
designation that could affect small entities include ranching 
operations and conservation projects. Based on our draft economic 
analysis and addendum, there were 100 cattle livestock operations in 
Honolulu County in 2000. The combined cattle sales of all of these 
operations in 2000 was about $556,000 (State Department of Agriculture 
2002). Since this implies average annual cattle sales per business of 
$9,267, it is likely that all or almost all of the Honolulu County 
cattle operations meet the definition of a small business (annual sales 
less than $750,000). Thus, our draft economic analysis concluded that 
the proposed critical habitat designation might affect a half dozen out 
of 100 (or 12 percent) of the small businesses in the cattle industry 
in Honolulu County.
    The actual impacts of the final rule will be even smaller. The 
final rule designates less land used for ranching as critical habitat. 
In turn, both the number of affected ranches and the number of Section 
7 consultations involving ranching will be lower. As discussed in the 
addendum, the final designation could have a negative impact on about 
three ranches (about three percent of the total ranches on Oahu). These 
estimates were based on the proposed designations. However, this final 
rule designates 22,767 hectares (56,258 acres) less than had been 
proposed, or a 49 percent reduction.
    These conclusions are supported by the history of consultations on 
Oahu. Since these 99 plant species were listed (between 1991 and 1996), 
we have conducted 2 formal consultations and 24 informal consultations, 
in addition to consultations on Federal grants to State wildlife 
programs that do not affect small entities. The two formal 
consultations were conducted on behalf of the Army, for review of the 
``Biological Assessment for Programmatic Section 7 Consultation on 
Routine Military Training at Makua Military Reservation, and Makua 
Endangered Species Mitigation Plan.'' Thirty-nine of the 99 species, 
Alectryon macrococcus, Abutilon sandwicense, Alsinidendron obovatum, 
Bonamia menziesii, Cenchrus agrimonioides, Chamaesyce celastroides var. 
kaenana, Chamesyce herbstii, Colubrina oppositifolia, Ctenitis 
squamigera, Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana, Cyanea longiflora, 
Cyanea superba, Cyrtandra dentata, Delissea subcordata, Diellia 
falcata, Dubautia herbstobatae, Euphorbia haeleeleana, Flueggea 
neowawraea, Hedyotis degeneri, Hedyotis parvula, Hesperomannia 
arbuscula, Hibiscus brackenridgei, Lepidium arbuscula, Lipochaeta 
tenuifolia, Lobelia niihauensis, Lobelia oahuensis, Neraudia angulata, 
Nototrichium humile, Peucedanum sandwicense, Phyllostegia kaalaensis, 
Plantago princeps, Sanicula mariversa, Schiedea hookeri, Schiedea 
kaalae, Schiedea nuttallii, Silene lanceolata, Spermolepis hawaiiensis, 
Tetramolopium filiforme, and Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana, 
were reported from the action area. We conducted 24 informal 
consultations with the Army, U.S. Air Force, Navy, FAA, Department of 
Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Land and Natural 
Resources Division of State Parks, Hawaii Army National Guard, U.S. 
Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 
and U.S. Department of Energy.
    None of these consultations affected or concerned small entities. 
We have determined that the State of Hawaii and Honolulu County are not 
small entities. The Army, Navy, NRCS, Corps, FCC, Department of 
Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency, FAA, FEMA, Dole Food 
Company, local television stations, and cellular, paging, and wireless 
services are not small entities. In 21 of the 24 informal 
consultations, we concurred with each agency's determination that the 
project, as proposed, was not likely to adversely affect listed 
species. We initiated formal consultation for the remaining three. For 
both formal consultations, we found that routine military training at 
Makua Military Reservation, which included an indepth list of 
conservation measures the Army would carry out in the action area, was 
not likely to jeopardize listed species.
    For these reasons, we are certifying that the designation of 
critical habitat

[[Page 36074]]

for Abutilon sandwicense, Adenophorus periens, Alectryon macrococcus, 
Alsinidendron obovatum, Alsinidendron trinerve, Bonamia menziesii, 
Cenchrus agrimonioides, Centaurium sebaeoides, Chamaesyce celastroides 
var. kaenana, Chamaesyce deppeana, Chamaesyce herbstii, Chamaesyce 
kuwaleana, Chamaesyce rockii, Colubrina oppositifolia, Ctenitis 
squamigera, Cyanea acuminata, Cyanea crispa, Cyanea grimesiana ssp. 
grimesiana, Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae, Cyanea humboltiana, Cyanea 
koolauensis, Cyanea longiflora, Cyanea pinnatifida, Cyanea st.-johnii, 
Cyanea superba, Cyanea truncata, Cyperus trachysanthos, Cyrtandra 
dentata, Cyrtandra polyantha, Cyrtandra subumbellata, Cyrtandra 
viridiflora, Delissea subcordata, Diellia erecta, Diellia falcata, 
Diellia unisora, Diplazium molokaiense, Dubautia herbstobatae, 
Eragrostis fosbergii, Eugenia koolauensis, Euphorbia haeleeleana, 
Flueggea neowawraea, Gardenia mannii, Gouania meyenii, Gouania 
vitifolia, Hedyotis coriacea, Hedyotis degeneri, Hedyotis parvula, 
Hesperomannia arborescens, Hesperomannia arbuscula, Hibiscus 
brackenridgei, Isodendrion laurifolium, Isodendrion longifolium, 
Isodendrion pyrifolium, Labordia cyrtandrae, Lepidium arbuscula, 
Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla, Lipochaeta tenuifolia, Lobelia 
gaudichaudii ssp. koolauensis, Lobelia monostachya, Lobelia 
niihauensis, Lobelia oahuensis, Lysimachia filifolia, Mariscus 
pennatiformis, Marsilea villosa, Melicope lydgatei, Melicope pallida, 
Melicope saint-johnii, Myrsine juddii, Neraudia angulata, Nototrichium 
humile, Peucedanum sandwicense, Phlegmariurus nutans, Phyllostegia 
hirsuta, Phyllostegia kaalaensis, Phyllostegia mollis, Phyllostegia 
parviflora, Plantago princeps, Platanthera holochila, Pteris lidgatei, 
Sanicula mariversa, Sanicula purpurea, Schiedea hookeri, Schiedea 
kaalae, Schiedea kealiae, Schiedea nuttallii, Sesbania tomentosa, 
Silene lanceolata, Silene perlmanii, Solanum sandwicense, Spermolepis 
hawaiiensis, Stenogyne kanehoana, Tetramolopium filiforme, 
Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum, Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa, 
Trematolobelia singularis, Urera kaalae, Vigna o-wahuensis, Viola 
chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana, and Viola oahuensis will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
Therefore, a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required.

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (5 U.S.C. 804(2))

    Under the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (5 
U.S.C. 801 et seq.), this rule is not a major rule. Our detailed 
assessment of the economic effects of this designation are described in 
the draft economic analysis and the final addendum to the economic 
analysis. Based on the effects identified in these documents, we 
believe that this rule will not have an effect on the economy of $100 
million or more, will not cause a major increase in costs or prices for 
consumers, and will not have significant adverse effects on 
competition, employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or the 
ability of U.S.-based enterprises to compete with foreign-based 
enterprises. Refer to the final addendum to the economic analysis for a 
discussion of the effects of this determination.

Executive Order 13211

    On May 18, 2001, the President issued Executive Order 13211, on 
regulations that significantly affect energy supply, distribution, and 
use. Executive Order 13211 requires agencies to prepare Statements of 
Energy Effects when undertaking certain actions. This rule is not a 
significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866, and it is 
not expected to significantly affect energy production supply and 
distribution facilities because no significant energy production, 
supply, and distribution facilities are included within designated 
critical habitat. Further, for the reasons described in the economic 
analysis, we do not believe that designation of critical habitat for 
the 99 plant species will affect future energy production. Therefore, 
this action is not a significant energy action, and no Statement of 
Energy Effects is required.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.)

    In accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 
et seq.):
    (a) For the reasons described in our economic analysis, this rule 
will not produce a Federal mandate on State or local governments or the 
private sector that may result in the expenditure of $100 million or 
greater in any year. Therefore, a statement pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 1532 
is not required.
    (b) This rule will not ``significantly or uniquely'' affect small 
governments, so a Small Government Agency Plan is not required. Small 
governments will not be directly affected unless they propose an action 
requiring Federal funds, permits, or other authorizations. Any such 
activities will require that the Federal agency ensure that the action 
will not adversely modify or destroy designated critical habitat.

Takings

    In accordance with Executive Order 12630 (``Government Actions and 
Interference with Constitutionally Protected Private Property 
Rights''), we have analyzed the potential takings implications of 
designating critical habitat for the 99 species from Oahu in a takings 
implications assessment. The takings implications assessment concludes 
that this final rule does not pose significant takings implications.

Federalism

    In accordance with Executive Order 13132, this final rule does not 
have significant Federalism effect and does not impose substantial 
direct compliance costs on State and local governments. In addition, 
this regulation is required by statute. See 16 U.S.C. 1533(a)(3). 
Therefore, a Federalism assessment is not required.
    This rule imposes no regulatory requirements unless an agency is 
seeking Federal funding or authorization. In addition, for the reasons 
contained in the economic analysis, this rule will not have substantial 
direct compliance costs on State and local governments.
    In fact, the designations may have some benefit to these 
governments, in that the areas essential to the conservation of these 
species are more clearly defined, and the primary constituent elements 
of the habitat necessary to the survival of the species are 
specifically identified. While this definition and identification do 
not alter where and what federally sponsored activities may occur, they 
may assist these local governments in long range planning, rather than 
waiting for case-by-case section 7 consultation to occur. Nevertheless, 
keeping with Department of the Interior policy, we requested 
information from appropriate State and local officials in Hawaii.

Civil Justice Reform

    In accordance with Executive Order 12988, the Department of the 
Interior's Office of the Solicitor has determined that this rule does 
not unduly burden the judicial system and does meet the requirements of 
sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of the Order. We have designated critical 
habitat in accordance with the provisions of the Endangered Species 
Act. The rule uses standard property descriptions and identifies the 
primary constituent elements within the designated areas to assist the 
public in

[[Page 36075]]

understanding the habitat needs of 99 plant species from Oahu.

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.)

    This rule does not contain any information collection requirements 
for which OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act is required. 
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to 
respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB 
control number.

National Environmental Policy Act

    We have determined that we do not need to prepare an Environmental 
Assessment and/or an Environmental Impact Statement as defined by the 
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 in connection with 
regulations adopted pursuant to section 4(a) of the Endangered Species 
Act. We published a notice outlining our reason for this determination 
in the Federal Register on October 25, 1983 (48 FR 49244).

Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes

    In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994, 
``Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal 
Governments'' (59 FR 22951) Executive Order 13175 and the Department of 
the Interior's manual at 512 DM 2, we readily acknowledge our 
responsibility to communicate meaningfully with recognized Federal 
Tribes on a government-to-government basis. We have determined that 
there are no Tribal lands essential for the conservation of these 99 
plant species. Therefore, designation of critical habitat for these 99 
species does not involve any Tribal lands.

References Cited

    A complete list of all references cited in this final rule is 
available upon request from the Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife 
Office (see ADDRESSES section).

Authors

    The authors of this final rule are staff of the Pacific Islands 
Fish and Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES section).

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17

    Endangered and threatened species, Exports, Imports, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Transportation.

Regulation Promulgation

? Accordingly, we hereby amend part 17, subchapter B of chapter I, title 
50 of the Code of Federal Regulations as set forth below:

PART 17--[AMENDED]

? 1. The authority citation for part 17 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361-1407; 16 U.S.C. 1531-1544; 16 U.S.C. 
4201-4245; Pub. L. 99-625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise noted

? 2. Amend Sec.  17.12(h), the List of Endangered and Threatened Plants, 
as set forth below:
? a. Under the table's heading FLOWERING PLANTS, by revising the entries 
for Abutilon sandwicense, Alectryon macrococcus, Alsinidendron 
obovatum, Alsinidendron trinerve, Bonamia menziesii, Cenchrus 
agrimonioides, Centaurium sebaeoides, Chamaesyce celastroides var. 
kaenana, Chamaesyce deppeana, Chamaesyce herbstii, Chamaesyce 
kuwaleana, Chamaesyce rockii, Colubrina oppositifolia, Cyanea 
acuminata, Cyanea crispa, Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana, Cyanea 
grimesiana ssp. obatae, Cyanea humboltiana, Cyanea koolauensis, Cyanea 
longiflora, Cyanea pinnatifida, Cyanea st.-johnii, Cyanea superba, 
Cyanea truncata, Cyperus trachysanthos, Cyrtandra dentata, Cyrtandra 
polyantha, Cyrtandra subumbellata, Cyrtandra viridiflora, Delissea 
subcordata, Dubautia herbstobatae, Eragrostis fosbergii, Eugenia 
koolauensis, Euphorbia haeleeleana, Flueggea neowawraea, Gardenia 
mannii, Gouania meyenii, Gouania vitifolia, Hedyotis coriacea, Hedyotis 
degeneri, Hedyotis parvula, Hesperomannia arborescens, Hesperomannia 
arbuscula, Hibiscus brackenridgei, Isodendrion laurifolium, Isodendrion 
longifolium, Isodendrion pyrifolium, Labordia cyrtandrae, Lepidium 
arbuscula, Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla, Lipochaeta tenuifolia, 
Lobelia gaudichaudii ssp. koolauensis, Lobelia monostachya, Lobelia 
niihauensis, Lobelia oahuensis, Lysimachia filifolia, Mariscus 
pennatiformis, Melicope lydgatei, Melicope pallida, Melicope saint-
johnii, Myrsine juddii, Neraudia angulata, Nototrichium humile, 
Peucedanum sandwicense, Phyllostegia hirsuta, Phyllostegia kaalaensis, 
Phyllostegia mollis, Phyllostegia parviflora, Plantago princeps, 
Platanthera holochila, Sanicula mariversa, Sanicula purpurea, Schiedea 
hookeri, Schiedea kaalae, Schiedea kealiae, Schiedea nuttallii, 
Sesbania tomentosa, Silene lanceolata, Silene perlmanii, Solanum 
sandwicense, Spermolepis hawaiiensis, Stenogyne kanehoana, 
Tetramolopium filiforme, Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum, 
Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa, Trematolobelia singularis, Urera kaalae, 
Vigna o-wahuensis, Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana, and Viola 
oahuensis to read as follows; and
? b. Under the table's heading FERNS AND ALLIES, by revising the entries 
for Adenophorus periens, Ctenitis squamigera, Diellia erecta, Diellia 
falcata, Diellia unisora, Diplazium molokaiense, Marsilea villosa, 
Phlegmariurus nutans, and Pteris lidgatei to read as follows.

Sec.  17.12  Endangered and threatened plants.

* * * * *
    (h) * * *

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Species
----------------------------------------------------   Historic range          Family            Status     When listed   Critical habitat     Special
        Scientific name              Common name                                                                                                rules
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Flowering Plants

                                                                       * * * * * *
Abutilon sandwicense...........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Malvaceae.........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Alectryon macrococcus..........  Mahoe.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Sapindaceae.......  E                      467  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), and (i).

                                                                       * * * * * *
Alsinidendron obovatum.........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Caryophyllaceae...  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

[[Page 36076]]

Alsinidendron trinerve.........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Caryophyllaceae...  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Bonamia menziesii..............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Convolvulaceae....  E                      559  17.99(a)(1),                 NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), and (i).

                                                                       * * * * * *
Cenchrus agrimonioides.........  Kamanomano........  U.S.A. (HI).......  Poaceae...........  E                      592  17.99(e)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                       * * * * * *
Centaurium sebaeoides..........  Awiwi.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Gentianaceae......  E                      448  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), and (i).

                                                                       * * * * * *
Chamaesyce celastroides var.     Akoko.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Euphorbiaceae.....  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA
 kaenana.

                                                                       * * * * * *
Chamaesyce deppeana............  Akoko.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Euphorbiaceae.....  E                      536  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Chamaesyce herbstii............  Akoko.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Euphorbiaceae.....  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Chamaesyce kuwaleana...........  Akoko.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Euphorbiaceae.....  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA
Chamaesyce rockii..............  Akoko.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Euphorbiaceae.....  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Colubrina oppositifolia........  Kauila............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Rhamnaceae........  E                      532  17.99(e)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                       * * * * * *
Cyanea acuminata...............  HaHa..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Cyanea (=Rollandia) crispa.....  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      536  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Cyanea grimesiana ssp.           HaHa..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      592  17.99(c), (e)(1),            NA
 grimesiana.                                                                                                              and (i).
Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae..  HaHa..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      541  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Cyanea humboltiana.............  HaHa..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA
Cyanea koolauensis.............  HaHa..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Cyanea longiflora..............  HaHa..............  U.S.A (HI)........  Campanulaceae.....  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Cyanea pinnatifida.............  HaHa..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Cyanea st.-johnii..............  HaHa..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                       * * * * * *
Cyanea superba.................  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      434  17.99(i)..........           NA
Cyanea truncata................  Haha..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      536  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Cyperus trachysanthos..........  Puukaa............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Cyperaceae........  E                      592  17.99(a)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

[[Page 36077]]

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Cyrtandra dentata..............  Haiwale...........  U.S.A. (HI).......  Gesneriaceae......  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Cyrtandra polyantha............  Haiwale...........  U.S.A. (HI).......  Gesneriaceae......  E                      536  17.99(i)..........           NA
Cyrtandra subumbellata.........  Haiwale...........  U.S.A. (HI).......  Gesneriaceae......  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Cyrtandra viridiflora..........  Haiwale...........  U.S.A. (HI).......  Gesneriaceae......  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Delissea subcordata............  Oha...............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Dubautia herbstobatae..........  Naenae............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Asteraceae........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Eragrostis fosbergii...........  Fosberg's love      U.S.A. (HI).......  Poaceae...........  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA
                                  grass.

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Eugenia koolauensis............  Nioi..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Myrtaceae.........  E                      536  17.99(c) and (i)..           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Euphorbia haeleeleana..........  Akoko.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Euphorbiaceae.....  E                      592  17.99(a)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Flueggea neowawraea............  Mehamehame........  U.S.A. (HI).......  Euphorbiaceae.....  E                      559  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), and (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Gardenia mannii................  Nanu..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Rubiaceae.........  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Gouania meyenii................  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Rhamnaceae........  E                      448  17.99(a)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).
Gouania vitifolia..............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Rhamnaceae........  E                      541  17.99(e)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Hedyotis coriacea..............  Kioele............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Rubiaceae.........  E                      467  17.99(e)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).
Hedyotis degeneri..............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Rubiaceae.........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Hedyotis parvula...............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Rubiaceae.........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Hesperomannia arborescens......  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Asteraceae........  E                      536  17.99(c) and (i)..           NA
Hesperomannia arbuscula........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Asteraceae........  E                      448  17.99(e)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Hibiscus brackenridgei.........  Mao hau hele......  U.S.A. (HI).......  Malvaceae.........  E                      559  17.99(c), (e)(1),            NA
                                                                                                                          and (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Isodendrion laurifolium........  Aupaka............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Violaceae.........  E                      592  17.99(a)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).
Isodendrion longifolium........  Aupaka............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Violaceae.........  T                      592  17.99(a)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).
Isodendrion pyrifolium.........  Wahine noho kula..  U.S.A. (HI).......  Violaceae.........  E                      532  17.99(c), (e)(1),            NA
                                                                                                                          and (i).

[[Page 36078]]

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Labordia cyrtandrae............  Kamakahala........  U.S.A. (HI).......  Loganiaceae.......  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Lepidium arbuscula.............  Anaunau...........  U.S.A. (HI).......  Brassicaceae......  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Lipochaeta lobata var.           Nehe..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Asteraceae........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA
 leptophylla.

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Lipochaeta tenuifolia..........  Nehe..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Asteraceae........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Lobelia gaudichaudii ssp.        None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA
 koolauensis.
Lobelia monostachya............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA
Lobelia niihauensis............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA
Lobelia oahuensis..............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      536  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Lysimachia filifolia...........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Primulaceae.......  E                      530  17.99(a)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Mariscus pennatiformis.........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Cyperaceae........  E                      559  17.99(a)(1),                 NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), (g), and
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Melicope lydgatei..............  Alani.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Rutaceae..........  E                      536  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Melicope pallida...............  Alani.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Rutaceae..........  E                      530  17.99(a)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Melicope saint-johnii..........  Alani.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Rutaceae..........  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Myrsine juddii.................  Kolea.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Myrsinaceae.......  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Neraudia angulata..............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Urticaceae........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Nototrichium humile............  Kului.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Amaranthaceae.....  E                      448  17.99(e)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Peucedanum sandwicense.........  Makou.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Apiaceae..........  T                      530  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), and (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Phyllostegia hirsuta...........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Lamiaceae.........  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA
Phyllostegia kaalaensis........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Lamiaceae.........  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Phyllostegia mollis............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Lamiaceae.........  E                      448  17.99(e)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).
Phyllostegia parviflora........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Lamiaceae.........  E                      592  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Plantago princeps..............  Laukahi kuahiwi...  U.S.A. (HI).......  Plantaginaceae....  E                      559  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), and (i).

[[Page 36079]]

Platanthera holochila..........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Orchidaceae.......  E                      592  17.99(a)(1),                 NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), and (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Sanicula mariversa.............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Apiaceae..........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA
Sanicula purpurea..............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Apiaceae..........  E                      592  17.99(e)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Schiedea hookeri...............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Caryophyllaceae...  E                      592  17.99(i)..........           NA
Schiedea kaalae................  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Caryophyllaceae...  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Schiedea kealiae...............  Maolioli..........  U.S.A. (HI).......  Caryophyllaceae...  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Schiedea nuttallii.............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Caryophyllaceae...  E                      592  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                                                                                                          and (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Sesbania tomentosa.............  Ohai..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Fabaceae..........  E                      559  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), (g), and
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Silene lanceolata..............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Caryophyllaceae...  E                      480  17.99(c) and (i)..           NA
Silene perlmanii...............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Caryophyllaceae...  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Solanum sandwicense............  Aiakeakua, popolo.  U.S.A. (HI).......  Solanaceae........  E                      530  17.99(a)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Spermolepis hawaiiensis........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Apiaceae..........  E                      559  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), and (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Stenogyne kanehoana............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Lamiaceae.........  E                      466  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Tetramolopium filiforme........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Asteraceae........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA
Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp.     None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Asteraceae........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA
 lepidotum.

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa......  Oheohe............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Araliaceae........  E                      536  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Trematolobelia singularis......  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Campanulaceae.....  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Urera kaalae...................  Opuhe.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Urticaceae........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Vigna o-wahuensis..............  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Fabaceae..........  E                      559  17.99(e)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).
Viola chamissoniana ssp.         Pamakani..........  U.S.A. (HI).......  Violaceae.........  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA
 chamissoniana.

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Viola oahuensis................  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Violaceae.........  E                      591  17.99(i)..........           NA

[[Page 36080]]

                                                                      * * * * * * *
        Ferns and Allies
Adenophorus periens............  Pendent kihi fern.  U.S.A. (HI).......  Grammitidaceae....  E                      559  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                                                                                                          and (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Ctenitis squamigera............  Pauoa.............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Aspleniaceae......  E                      553  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), and (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Diellia erecta.................  Asplenium-leaved    U.S.A. (HI).......  Aspleniaceae......  E                      559  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                  diellia.                                                                                (e)(1), and (i).
Diellia falcata................  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Aspleniaceae......  E                      448  17.99(i)..........           NA

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Diellia unisora................  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Aspleniaceae......  E                      541  17.99(i)..........           NA
Diplazium molokaiense..........  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Aspleniaceae......  E                      553  17.99(a)(1), (c),            NA
                                                                                                                          (e)(1), and (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Marsilea villosa...............  Ihiihi............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Marsileaceae......  E                      474  17.99(i)..........           NA
Phlegmariurus nutans...........  Wawaeiole.........  U.S.A. (HI).......  Lycopodiaceae.....  E                      536  17.99(a)(1) and              NA
                                                                                                                          (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Pteris lidgatei................  None..............  U.S.A. (HI).......  Adiantaceae.......  E                      553  17.99(c), (e)(1),            NA
                                                                                                                          and (i).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

? 3. Amend Sec.  17.99 as set forth below:
? a. By revising the section heading to read as follows; and
? b. By adding new paragraphs (i) and (j) to read as follows.

Sec.  17.99  Critical habitat; plants on the islands of Kauai, Niihau, 
Molokai, Maui, Kahoolawe, and Oahu, HI, and on the Northwest Hawaiian 
Islands.

* * * * *
    (i) Maps and critical habitat unit descriptions for the island of 
Oahu, HI. The following paragraphs contain the legal descriptions of 
the critical habitat units designated for the Hawaiian island of Oahu. 
Existing manmade features and structures within the boundaries of the 
mapped units, such as buildings; roads; aqueducts and other water 
system features, including but not limited to, pumping stations, 
irrigation ditches, pipelines, siphons, tunnels, water tanks, gaging 
stations, intakes, reservoirs, diversions, flumes, and wells; existing 
trails; campgrounds and their immediate surrounding landscaped area; 
scenic lookouts; remote helicopter landing sites; existing fences; 
telecommunications equipment towers and associated structures, 
electrical power transmission and distribution lines, communication 
facilities and regularly maintained associated rights-of-way and access 
ways; radars; telemetry antennas; missile launch sites; arboreta and 
gardens, heiau (indigenous places of worship or shrines), and other 
archaeological sites; airports; other paved areas; and lawns and other 
rural residential landscaped areas do not contain one or more of the 
primary constituent elements described for each species in paragraph 
(j) of this section and therefore are not included in the critical 
habitat designations. Critical habitat units are described below. 
Coordinates in UTM Zone 4 with units in meters using North American 
Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The following map shows the general locations of 
the 317 critical habitat units designated on the island of Oahu.
    (1) Note: Map 1--Index map follows:
BILLING CODE 4310-55-U

[[Page 36081]]
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.001

(2) Oahu 1--Centaurium sebaeoides--a (61 ha; 151 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 41 boundary points: Start at 
575051, 2385984; 575168, 2385907; 575381, 2385957; 575728, 2386002; 
576060, 2386059; 576211, 2386052; 576675, 2386146; 577140, 2386190; 
577385, 2386247; 577692, 2386272; 577943, 2386247; 578245, 2386266; 
578596, 2386335; 578835, 2386341; 579136, 2386391; 579331, 2386379; 
579418, 2386363; 579365, 2386234; 579326, 2386224; 579284, 2386229; 
579083,

[[Page 36082]]

2386225; 578934, 2386215; 578812, 2386182; 578812, 2386173; 578242, 
2386164; 577779, 2386117; 577527, 2386117; 577448, 2386136; 577102, 
2386103; 576728, 2386052; 576378, 2386005; 576135, 2385935; 575699, 
2385884; 575419, 2385832; 575157, 2385789; 574970, 2385752; 574806, 
2385766; 574722, 2385822; 574666, 2385892; 574727, 2385962; 574813, 
2385980; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 2 follows:
    [GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.002
    
(3) Oahu 1--Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana--a (231 ha; 571 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 51 boundary points: Start at 
576308, 2385257; 576310, 2385255; 576482, 2385122; 576596, 2385060; 
576780, 2384950; 576915, 2384849; 577201, 2384696; 577456, 2384543; 
577457, 2384543; 577566, 2384511; 577687, 2384461; 577875, 2384421; 
577897, 2384415; 577947, 2384017; 577842, 2383950; 577659, 2383950; 
577365, 2384061; 577132, 2384164; 576278, 2384884; 575413, 2385523; 
575412, 2385523; 575247, 2385596; 575153, 2385648; 575059, 2385726; 
575131, 2385837; 575170, 2385898; 575237, 2385959; 575392, 2385976; 
575949, 2386049; 576293, 2386077; 576565, 2386121; 576787, 2386138; 
577037, 2386171; 577343, 2386210; 577704, 2386249; 577970, 2386277; 
578126, 2386271; 578265, 2386255; 578320, 2386199; 578331, 2386071; 
578326, 2385899; 578293, 2385827; 578155, 2385804; 577627, 2385796; 
576867, 2385746; 576360, 2385755; 575731, 2385777; 575614, 2385777; 
575581, 2385727; 575692, 2385660; 575835, 2385580; return to starting 
point.
    (ii) Note: Map 3 follows:

[[Page 36083]]
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.003

(4) Oahu 1--Cyperus trachysanthos--a (78 ha; 193 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 56 boundary points: Start at 
575111, 2385777; 575104, 2385794; 575138, 2385842; 575212, 2385916; 
575474, 2385967; 576015, 2386059; 576440, 2386124; 576662, 2386160; 
576954, 2386170; 577298, 2386235; 577591, 2386291; 577777, 2386257; 
577916, 2386253; 577974, 2386238; 578056, 2386253; 578228, 2386278; 
578229, 2386286; 578316, 2386286; 578383, 2386219; 578383, 2386161; 
578364, 2386074; 578302, 2386026; 578206, 2386022; 578205, 2386017; 
578022, 2386026; 577902, 2386050; 577835, 2386045; 577738, 2386012; 
577652, 2385993; 577570, 2386007; 577469, 2385973; 577363, 2385930; 
577204, 2385882; 577112, 2385882; 577002, 2385920; 576891, 2385983; 
576804, 2385964; 576771, 2385935; 576703, 2385887; 576650, 2385877; 
576501, 2385867; 576385, 2385863; 576313, 2385824; 576241, 2385790; 
576150, 2385752; 575996, 2385786; 575866, 2385838; 575754, 2385872; 
575672, 2385853; 575619, 2385810; 575547, 2385795; 575451, 2385805; 
575349, 2385818; 575268, 2385780; 575215, 2385741; 575157, 2385730; 
return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 4 follows:

[[Page 36084]]
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.004

(5) Oahu 1--Hibiscus brackenridgei--a (78 ha; 193 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 89 boundary points: Start at 
582235, 2385764; 582235, 2385703; 582245, 2385655; 582239, 2385640; 
582361, 2385607; 582365, 2385614; 582376, 2385611; 582406, 2385591; 
582466, 2385542; 582534, 2385473; 582530, 2385467; 582583, 2385397; 
582622, 2385387; 582697, 2385368; 582698, 2385368; 582771, 2385349; 
582837, 2385333; 582969, 2385301; 583028, 2385287; 583040, 2385330; 
583050, 2385369; 583082, 2385357; 583521, 2385089; 583077, 2384390; 
582908, 2384650; 582852, 2384698; 582818, 2384756; 582818, 2384757; 
582738, 2384795; 582634, 2384882; 582757, 2384928; 582765, 2384950; 
582790, 2384982; 582816, 2385003; 582835, 2385024; 582849, 2385043; 
582861, 2385069; 582859, 2385082; 582842, 2385102; 582842, 2385127; 
582830, 2385134; 582818, 2385138; 582801, 2385156; 582777, 2385158; 
582758, 2385154; 582747, 2385186; 582750, 2385199; 582765, 2385221; 
582764, 2385241; 582725, 2385262; 582711, 2385280; 582648, 2385284; 
582600, 2385323; 582564, 2385342; 582544, 2385348; 582504, 2385341; 
582466, 2385365; 582444, 2385398; 582407, 2385408; 582368, 2385363; 
582325, 2385320; 582322, 2385255; 582331, 2385214; 582361, 2385178; 
582377, 2385126; 582395, 2385086; 582398, 2385049; 582397, 2385046; 
582219, 2385118; 582126, 2385175; 582038, 2385247; 582055, 2385587; 
581567, 2385679; 581565, 2385680; 581743, 2385970; 581764, 2385946; 
581812, 2385925; 581815, 2385913; 581815, 2385912; 581825, 2385902; 
581826, 2385901; 581834, 2385899; 581833, 2385898; 581835, 2385886; 
581903, 2385869; 581908, 2385875; 582076, 2385822; 582074, 2385807; 
582080, 2385801; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 5 follows:

[[Page 36085]]
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.005

(6) Oahu 1--Schiedea kealiae--a (193 ha; 477 ac)
    (i) Area consists of the following 138 boundary points: Start at 
582365, 2385614; 582376, 2385611; 582406, 2385591; 582466, 2385542; 
582534, 2385473; 582530, 2385467; 582583, 2385397; 582622, 2385387; 
582697, 2385368; 582698, 2385368; 582771, 2385349; 582837, 2385333; 
582969, 2385301; 582970, 2385301; 583021, 2385255; 583270, 2385092; 
583519, 2384945; 583786, 2384799; 583958, 2384765; 584061, 2384696; 
583941, 2384592; 583795, 2384523; 583571, 2384600; 583476, 2384678; 
583287, 2384782; 583055, 2384902; 582917, 2385040; 582711, 2385169; 
582694, 2385264; 582444, 2385350; 582350, 2385350; 582350, 2385281; 
582221, 2385169; 582126, 2385169; 582040, 2385367; 582003, 2385463; 
582059, 2385623; 581885, 2385625; 581766, 2385701; 581470, 2385733; 
581363, 2385753; 581292, 2385582; 581180, 2385504; 581180, 2385401; 
581043, 2385410; 580993, 2385527; 580876, 2385719; 580742, 2385732; 
580671, 2385739; 580587, 2385684; 580505, 2385625; 580495, 2385553; 
580475, 2385529; 580380, 2385529; 580313, 2385654; 580235, 2385648; 
580148, 2385650; 580071, 2385650; 580011, 2385624; 579890, 2385675; 
579718, 2385727; 579460, 2385787; 579228, 2385839; 579039, 2385865; 
578841, 2385899; 578703, 2385899; 578439, 2385890; 578359, 2385838; 
578331, 2385837; 578270, 2385867; 578185, 2385874; 578150, 2385855; 
578104, 2385853; 578068, 2385878; 578011, 2385870; 577970, 2385822; 
577909, 2385815; 577831, 2385831; 577818, 2385744; 577543, 2385765; 
577529, 2385794; 577493, 2385800; 577450, 2385768; 577228, 2385755; 
577224, 2385793; 577196, 2385796; 577178, 2385750; 577021, 2385746; 
576991, 2385803; 576939, 2385805; 576897, 2385750; 576337, 2385757; 
576119, 2385765; 575852, 2385776; 575844, 2385705; 575830, 2385704; 
575829, 2385702; 575833, 2385655; 575753, 2385658; 575667, 2385701; 
575384, 2385766; 575344, 2385828; 575555, 2385899; 575712, 2385925; 
575847, 2385925; 575972, 2385894; 576115,

[[Page 36086]]

2385830; 576442, 2385848; 576631, 2385865; 576837, 2385977; 577095, 
2385916; 577259, 2385925; 577482, 2385977; 577757, 2385977; 577869, 
2386045; 578093, 2386028; 578291, 2386028; 578609, 2386054; 578961, 
2386131; 579314, 2386071; 579727, 2385994; 580200, 2385882; 580303, 
2385916; 580578, 2385916; 580862, 2385916; 581025, 2385831; 581025, 
2385763; 581146, 2385763; 581266, 2385831; 581387, 2385892; 581447, 
2385892; 581571, 2385935; 582039, 2385788; 582235, 2385711; 582235, 
2385703; 582245, 2385655; 582239, 2385640; 582361, 2385607; return to 
starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 6 follows:
    [GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.006
    
(7) Oahu 1--Sesbania tomentosa--a (101 ha; 250 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 70 boundary points: Start at 
574558, 2385864; 574569, 2385910; 574683, 2385977; 574741, 2385979; 
574788, 2385979; 574998, 2385979; 575206, 2385987; 575263, 2385988; 
575282, 2385993; 575451, 2386022; 575668, 2386087; 575699, 2386094; 
576319, 2386183; 576376, 2386186; 576495, 2386204; 576637, 2386230; 
576767, 2386248; 576923, 2386277; 576926, 2386277; 576928, 2386275; 
576929, 2386275; 576980, 2386288; 577035, 2386298; 577098, 2386318; 
577139, 2386329; 577140, 2386329; 577141, 2386331; 577151, 2386335; 
577321, 2386378; 577336, 2386381; 577539, 2386380; 577539, 2386381; 
577540, 2386381; 577540, 2386382; 577979, 2386400; 578097, 2386392; 
578439, 2386448; 578534, 2386462; 579452, 2386445; 579394, 2386306; 
579354, 2386308; 579179, 2386315; 579092, 2386315; 578836, 2386286; 
578783, 2386286; 578606, 2386293; 578434, 2386274; 578294, 2386249; 
578107, 2386224; 577860, 2386199; 577676, 2386162; 577589, 2386131; 
577590, 2386124; 577571, 2386125; 577561, 2386121; 577561, 2386125; 
577412, 2386128; 577050, 2386092; 576800,

[[Page 36087]]

2386052; 576463, 2385983; 576365, 2385980; 575843, 2385893; 575502, 
2385827; 575324, 2385776; 575292, 2385710; 575339, 2385664; 575295, 
2385646; 575203, 2385616; 574908, 2385748; 574601, 2385795; return to 
starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 7 follows:
    [GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.007
    
(8) Oahu 1--Vigna o-wahuensis--a (181 ha; 448 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 31 boundary points: Start at 
575092, 2385751; 575081, 2385809; 575265, 2385942; 575531, 2385987; 
576306, 2386058; 577144, 2386172; 578381, 2386223; 579003, 2386292; 
579376, 2386260; 579359, 2386220; 579359, 2386219; 579360, 2386219; 
579360, 2386218; 579361, 2386218; 580020, 2386181; 580139, 2386165; 
580137, 2386157; 580278, 2386108; 580792, 2385988; 581014, 2385956; 
581268, 2385944; 581636, 2385913; 581801, 2385913; 581750, 2385741; 
581268, 2385741; 580873, 2385809; 580253, 2385706; 579290, 2386015; 
576993, 2385810; 576984, 2385861; 575400, 2385757; return to starting 
point.
    (ii) Note: Map 8 follows:

[[Page 36088]]
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.008
[[Page 36089]]

(9) Oahu 2--Bonamia menziesii--a (21 ha; 51 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 21 boundary points: Start at 
579334, 2383456; 579333, 2383554; 579526, 2383824; 579661, 2383800; 
579690, 2383768; 579693, 2383749; 579693, 2383748; 579792, 2383655; 
579844, 2383597; 579988, 2383419; 579988, 2383385; 579968, 2383366; 
579925, 2383371; 579833, 2383424; 579771, 2383438; 579703, 2383400; 
579670, 2383342; 579588, 2383284; 579477, 2383294; 579395, 2383356; 
579367, 2383424; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 9 follows:
    [GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.009
    
(10) Oahu 2--Gouania vitifolia--a (20 ha; 49 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 29 boundary points: Start at 
579610, 2383845; 579650, 2383848; 579684, 2383810; 579684, 2383807; 
579684, 2383736; 579684, 2383672; 579693, 2383598; 579800, 2383560; 
579963, 2383474; 580001, 2383409; 580006, 2383353; 579941, 2383336; 
579898, 2383379; 579842, 2383422; 579760, 2383426; 579704, 2383375; 
579649, 2383319; 579580, 2383271; 579515, 2383241; 579352, 2383263; 
579339, 2383310; 579343, 2383379; 579383, 2383499; 579443, 2383573; 
579460, 2383641; 579469, 2383702; 579482, 2383736; 579503, 2383795; 
579534, 2383838; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 10 follows:
    [GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.010
    
(11) Oahu 3--Bonamia menziesii--b (42 ha; 104 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 35 boundary points: Start at 
579371, 2382797; 579436, 2382825; 579544, 2382850; 579623, 2382881; 
579630, 2382883; 579645, 2382884; 579886, 2382879; 580161, 2382995; 
580267, 2383024; 580298, 2383084; 580303, 2383086; 580304, 2383086; 
580304, 2383087; 580304, 2383088; 580303, 2383095; 580306, 2383101; 
580290, 2383172; 580359, 2383241; 580504, 2383303; 580566, 2383265; 
580542, 2383178; 580504, 2383106; 580523, 2382971; 580393, 2382812; 
580344, 2382744; 580214, 2382657; 580200, 2382575; 580137, 2382527; 
580079, 2382532; 579993, 2382474; 579872, 2382460; 579769, 2382469; 
579763, 2382471; 579592, 2382571; 579366, 2382744; return to starting 
point.
    (ii) Note: Map 11 follows:
    [GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.011
    
(12) Oahu 3--Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana--b (4 ha; 11 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 20 boundary points: Start at 
579828, 2382953; 579860, 2382962; 579931, 2382959; 580028, 2382975; 
580069, 2382994; 580111, 2383020; 580161, 2383047; 580238, 2383068; 
580259, 2383068; 580304, 2383043; 580308,

[[Page 36090]]

2383004; 580285, 2382981; 580243, 2382969; 580166, 2382930; 580057, 
2382895; 579931, 2382878; 579857, 2382888; 579796, 2382907; 579815, 
2382923; 579823, 2382946; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 12 follows:
    [GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.012
    
(13) Oahu 3--Euphorbia haeleeleana--a (15 ha; 37 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 67 boundary points: Start at 
580326, 2382991; 580322, 2383035; 580313, 2383069; 580310, 2383096; 
580312, 2383132; 580323, 2383169; 580360, 2383211; 580417, 2383248; 
580464, 2383276; 580516, 2383287; 580559, 2383266; 580564, 2383251; 
580546, 2383221; 580522, 2383183; 580490, 2383164; 580454, 2383149; 
580419, 2383145; 580393, 2383120; 580393, 2383077; 580406, 2383031; 
580409, 2382985; 580422, 2382939; 580407, 2382899; 580365, 2382870; 
580322, 2382845; 580267, 2382852; 580241, 2382852; 580202, 2382842; 
580161, 2382847; 580152, 2382821; 580166, 2382787; 580174, 2382763; 
580147, 2382744; 580118, 2382744; 580095, 2382727; 580073, 2382677; 
580047, 2382666; 580005, 2382663; 579971, 2382672; 579925, 2382689; 
579891, 2382690; 579846, 2382692; 579777, 2382718; 579718, 2382747; 
579667, 2382769; 579623, 2382795; 579573, 2382802; 579548, 2382821; 
579550, 2382828; 579557, 2382839; 579597, 2382844; 579681, 2382847; 
579726, 2382858; 579772, 2382862; 579828, 2382868; 579872, 2382878; 
579935, 2382868; 579964, 2382850; 580008, 2382836; 580034, 2382829; 
580048, 2382839; 580053, 2382855; 580066, 2382884; 580094, 2382917; 
580131, 2382934; 580231, 2382955; 580294, 2382975; return to starting 
point.
    (ii) Note: Map 13 follows:
    [GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.013
    
(14) Oahu 3--Gouania vitifolia--b (49 ha; 121 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 54 boundary points: Start at 
580193, 2382540; 580147, 2382527; 580079, 2382519; 580044, 2382497; 
579950, 2382459; 579881, 2382463; 579756, 2382502; 579653, 2382545; 
579541, 2382553; 579451, 2382519; 579335, 2382489; 579270, 2382493; 
579231, 2382532; 579115, 2382600; 579038, 2382639; 578960, 2382682; 
578969, 2382730; 579038, 2382760; 579128, 2382773; 579253, 2382768; 
579356, 2382768; 579455, 2382807; 579519, 2382828; 579614, 2382871; 
579709, 2382871; 579859, 2382876; 580001, 2382871; 580083, 2382871; 
580165, 2382927; 580298, 2383009; 580303, 2383086; 580304, 2383086; 
580304, 2383087; 580304, 2383088; 580303, 2383094; 580307, 2383155; 
580324, 2383211; 580371, 2383246; 580470, 2383263; 580526, 2383250; 
580569, 2383211; 580500, 2383147; 580505, 2383104; 580526, 2383039; 
580517, 2382970; 580453, 2382876; 580371, 2382811; 580302, 2382751; 
580255, 2382708; 580229, 2382635; 580196, 2382544; 580195, 2382544; 
580195, 2382543; 580194, 2382543; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 14 follows:

[[Page 36091]]
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.014

(15) Oahu 3--Neraudia angulata--a (39 ha; 98 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 52 boundary points: Start at 
580537, 2382749; 580366, 2382818; 580282, 2382681; 580238, 2382660; 
580091, 2382603; 580004, 2382584; 579879, 2382569; 579829, 2382591; 
579784, 2382609; 579516, 2382681; 579463, 2382801; 579522, 2382810; 
579632, 2382847; 579785, 2382860; 579904, 2382869; 579948, 2382857; 
579998, 2382857; 580038, 2382875; 580110, 2382916; 580163, 2382925; 
580204, 2382938; 580279, 2382972; 580314, 2383035; 580317, 2383119; 
580317, 2383154; 580360, 2383194; 580401, 2383222; 580470, 2383301; 
580555, 2383380; 580572, 2383390; 580608, 2383398; 580643, 2383357; 
580653, 2383344; 580646, 2383327; 580623, 2383279; 580607, 2383228; 
580600, 2383211; 580600, 2383210; 580600, 2383209; 580617, 2383205; 
580695, 2383029; 580739, 2382994; 580852, 2382929; 580845, 2382924; 
580718, 2382852; 580660, 2382901; 580632, 2382899; 580606, 2382898; 
580606, 2382894; 580609, 2382810; 580623, 2382799; 580595, 2382784; 
return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 15 follows:
    [GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.015
    
(16) Oahu 3--Nototrichium humile--a (21 ha; 51 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 58 boundary points: Start at 
580322, 2383229; 580383, 2383263; 580458, 2383302; 580500, 2383306; 
580555, 2383298; 580559, 2383275; 580557, 2383245; 580527, 2383226; 
580494, 2383200; 580456, 2383192; 580423, 2383170; 580379, 2383157; 
580361, 2383115; 580379, 2383082; 580427, 2383050; 580440, 2383016; 
580448, 2382967; 580436, 2382930; 580411, 2382904; 580356, 2382875; 
580328, 2382861; 580281, 2382833; 580277, 2382813; 580281, 2382750; 
580265, 2382695; 580218, 2382650; 580160, 2382628; 580091, 2382628; 
580010, 2382634; 579947, 2382642; 579922, 2382662; 579890, 2382677; 
579853, 2382687; 579792, 2382717; 579691, 2382762; 579644, 2382794; 
579561, 2382819; 579561, 2382843; 579581, 2382861; 579617, 2382879; 
579628, 2382882; 579768, 2382880; 579863, 2382888; 579924, 2382880; 
580020, 2382873; 580066, 2382904; 580174, 2382951; 580227, 2382953; 
580281, 2382965; 580302, 2382995; 580302, 2383046; 580303, 2383086; 
580304, 2383086; 580304, 2383087; 580304, 2383088; 580303, 2383093; 
580304, 2383147; 580308, 2383210; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 16 follows:
    [GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.016
    
[[Page 36092]]

(17) Oahu 3--Schiedea hookeri--a (22 ha; 55 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 29 boundary points: Start at 
580264, 2382989; 580304, 2383047; 580326, 2383118; 580326, 2383171; 
580340, 2383251; 580415, 2383282; 580526, 2383322; 580592, 2383299; 
580552, 2383224; 580446, 2383149; 580446, 2383104; 580499, 2383038; 
580495, 2382994; 580495, 2382940; 580459, 2382870; 580397, 2382839; 
580282, 2382808; 580247, 2382701; 580184, 2382630; 580100, 2382613; 
579932, 2382639; 579843, 2382701; 579648, 2382772; 579613, 2382816; 
579697, 2382852; 579839, 2382861; 579963, 2382861; 580074, 2382883; 
580171, 2382971; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 17 follows:
    [GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.017
    
(18) Oahu 4--Abutilon sandwicense--a (617 ha; 1,492 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 25 boundary points: Start at 
587021, 2380442; 587295, 2381250; 587320, 2381565; 589332, 2381513; 
589879, 2381584; 590161, 2381525; 590284, 2381494; 590979, 2381406; 
591581, 2381305; 591815, 2381256; 592481, 2381064; 592408, 2380627; 
592166, 2380161; 591586, 2380069; 591071, 2380209; 590944, 2380253; 
590851, 2380280; 590618, 2380280; 590310, 2380289; 590051, 2380311; 
589743, 2380355; 589745, 2380336; 589576, 2380372; 588446, 2380333; 
587034, 2380442; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 18 follows:

[[Page 36093]]
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.018

(19) Oahu 4--Abutilon sandwicense--b (26 ha; 65 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 21 boundary points: Start at 
585770, 2377843; 585514, 2377812; 585309, 2377812; 585302, 2377855; 
585352, 2377905; 585502, 2378018; 585513, 2378023; 585503, 2378027; 
585585, 2378144; 585675, 2378254; 585726, 2378312; 585921, 2378312; 
586058, 2378297; 586124, 2378234; 586128, 2378117; 586128, 2378007; 
586101, 2377945; 586050, 2377925; 585968, 2377914; 585837, 2377895; 
585819, 2377855; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 19 follows:

[[Page 36094]]
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.019

(20) Oahu 4--Abutilon sandwicense--c (41 ha; 102 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 13 boundary points: Start at 
584947, 2377163; 585056, 2377267; 585189, 2377317; 585523, 2377179; 
585815, 2377075; 585970, 2377021; 586011, 2376941; 586000, 2376834; 
585894, 2376679; 585790, 2376674; 585652, 2376670; 585444, 2376741; 
585135, 2376865; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 20 follows:

[[Page 36095]]
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED]
TR17JN03.020

(21) Oahu 4--Alectryon macrococcus--a (23 ha; 58 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 11 boundary points: Start at 
585550, 2377860; 585633, 2378026; 585845, 2378046; 586046, 2378091; 
586234, 2378115; 586538, 2378174; 586652, 2378034; 586437, 2377855; 
586289, 2377772; 585951, 2377906; 585637, 2377869; return to starting 
point.
    (ii) Note: Map 21 follows:

[[Page 36096]]
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TR17JN03.021

(22) Oahu 4--Alsinidendron obovatum--a (176 ha; 435 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 74 boundary points: Start at 
584301, 2381528; 584276, 2381533; 584200, 2381533; 584168, 2381552; 
584167, 2381553; 584150, 2381572; 584130, 2381584; 584129, 2381584; 
584104, 2381586; 584065, 2381583; 584024, 2381575; 583997, 2381574; 
583936, 2381555; 583934, 2381555; 583897, 2381549; 583890, 2381547; 
583758, 2381567; 583747, 2381571; 583744, 2381574; 583679, 2381692; 
583645, 2381923; 583660, 2382029; 583547, 2382173; 583547, 2382317; 
583445, 2382468; 583526, 2382533; 583573, 2382527; 583625, 2382480; 
584375, 2382308; 584634, 2382266; 584637, 2381962; 584681, 2381851; 
584707, 2381777; 584869, 2381626; 584974, 2381615; 585148, 2381528; 
585352, 2381394; 585415, 2381313; 585514, 2381138; 585630, 2380889; 
585648, 2380581; 585694, 2380470; 585751, 2380215; 585885, 2380133; 
585885, 2380132; 585887, 2380133; 585949, 2380115; 585967, 2380042; 
586095, 2379844; 586223, 2379842; 586612, 2379713; 586570, 2379480; 
586280, 2379613; 586221, 2379703; 586082, 2379747; 585944, 2379824; 
585787, 2379865; 585584, 2379862; 585528, 2379995; 585464, 2380301; 
585339, 2380521; 585359, 2380809; 585275, 2380813; 585134, 2380949; 
585024, 2381070; 584865, 2381245; 584659, 2381371; 584615, 2381487; 
584427, 2381499; 584329, 2381521; 584325, 2381523; 584324, 2381523; 
584310, 2381528; 584309, 2381528; return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 22 follows:

[[Page 36097]]
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TR17JN03.022

(23) Oahu 4--Alsinidendron obovatum--b (25 ha; 62 ac)
    (i) Unit consists of the following 15 boundary points: Start at 
587357, 2378140; 587448, 2378072; 587324, 2377899; 587184, 2377944; 
587092, 2377970; 586908, 2377966; 586707, 2377940; 586523, 2377861; 
586365, 2377651; 586207, 2377681; 586050, 2377786; 586076, 2377826; 
586251, 2377839; 586413, 2378001; 586751, 2378133; return to starting 
point.
    (ii) Note: Map 23 follows:

[[Page 36098]]
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TR17JN03.023

(24) Oahu 4--Alsinidendron trinerve--a (60 ha; 149 ac)
    (i) Area consists of the following 40 boundary points: Start at 
588752, 2378628; 588489, 2378617; 588334, 2378694; 588233, 2378647; 
588153, 2378468; 588202, 2378374; 588233, 2378276; 588229, 2378073; 
588222, 2378078; 588219, 2378044; 588144, 2378012; 588014, 2377985; 
587916, 2377994; 587902, 2378173; 587902, 2378177; 587924, 2378356; 
587992, 2378504; 588072, 2378629; 588108, 2378741; 587501, 2378835; 
587501, 2379053; 588336, 2379045; 588528, 2379045; 588681, 2378969; 
588828, 2378880; 588897, 2378847; 588887, 2378841; 588887, 2378840; 
588862, 2378802; 588851, 2378772; 588851, 2378763; 588851, 2378746; 
588855, 2378710; 588838, 2378677; 588825, 2378656; 588815, 2378615; 
588815, 2378614; 588814, 2378597; 588767, 2378640; 588765, 2378640; 
return to starting point.
    (ii) Note: Map 24 follows:

[[Continued on page 36099]]

 
 

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