Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Peninsular Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) and Proposed Taxonomic Revision

Note: EPA no longer updates this information, but it may be useful as a reference or resource.

[Federal Register: October 10, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 195)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 57739-57780]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr10oc07-22]
[[Page 57739]]
[[Page 57740]]

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
50 CFR Part 17
RIN 1018-AV09

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of
Critical Habitat for the Peninsular Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis
nelsoni) and Proposed Taxonomic Revision

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to
revise currently designated critical habitat for the Peninsular bighorn
sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) under the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended (Act). In total, approximately 384,410 acres (ac)
(155,564 hectares (ha)) of land in Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial
counties, California, fall within the boundaries of the proposed
revised critical habitat designation. Of the area proposed as revised
critical habitat, approximately 4,512 ac (1,826 ha) of land are Tribal;
93,720 ac (37,927 ha) are Federal; 249,840 ac (101,107 ha) are State;
35,824 ac (14,497 ha) are private; and 514 ac (208 ha) are local. We
are proposing to exclude from the final designation, under section
4(b)(2) of the Act, approximately 4,512 ac (1,826 ha) of Agua Caliente
Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal land. We are also evaluating and
considering the possible exclusion of approximately 19,211 ac (7,774
ha) of private land covered under the draft Coachella Valley Multiple
Species Habitat Conservation Plan. Further, we are acknowledging a
taxonomic change to the species and are proposing a taxonomic revision
of the listed entity from distinct population segment (DPS) of species
Ovis canadensis, to DPS of subspecies Ovis canadensis nelsoni.

DATES: We will accept comments from all interested parties until
December 10, 2007. We must receive requests for public hearings, in
writing, at the address shown in the ADDRESSES section by November 26,
2007.

ADDRESSES: If you wish to comment on this proposed rule, you may submit
your comments and materials concerning by any one of several methods:
    1. By mail or hand-delivery to: Jim Bartel, Field Supervisor, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office, 6010
Hidden Valley Road, Carlsbad, CA 92011.
    2. By electronic mail (e-mail) to: fw8cfwocomments@fws.gov. Please
see the Public Comments Solicited section below for other information
about electronic filing.
    3. By fax to: the attention of Jim Bartel at 760-431-5901.
    4. Via the Federal eRulemaking Portal at: http://www.regulations.gov.
 Follow the instructions for submitting comments.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jim Bartel, Field Supervisor, Carlsbad
Fish and Wildlife Office, 6010 Hidden Valley Road, Carlsbad, CA 92011;
telephone 760-431-9440 ; facsimile 760-431-5901. If you use a
telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD), call the Federal
Information Relay Service (FIRS) at 800-877-8339.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Public Comments

    We intend that any final action resulting from this proposal to
revise the current critical habitat designation for the Peninsular
bighorn sheep will be as accurate and as effective as possible.
Therefore, we request comments or suggestions on this proposed rule. We
particularly seek comments concerning:
    (1) The reasons why we should or should not designate habitat as
``critical habitat'' under section 4 of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et
seq.), including whether there are threats to the subspecies from human
activity, the degree of which can be expected to increase due to the
designation, that outweigh the benefit of designation, such that the
designation of critical habitat is not prudent, and whether there are
areas we previously designated, but are not proposing for revised
designation here, that should be designated as critical habitat;
    (2) Specific information on the amount and distribution of
Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat, what areas occupied at the time of
listing and that contain features essential for the conservation of the
subspecies we should include in the designation and why, and what areas
not occupied at the time of listing are essential for the conservation
of the subspecies and why;
    (3) The appropriateness of the proposed exclusion of approximately
4,512 ac (1,826 ha) of Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat from the final
designation in consideration of Secretarial Order 3206, ``American
Indian Tribal Rights, Federal Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and the
Endangered Species Act'' (June 5, 1997); the President's memorandum of
April 29, 1994, ``Government-to-Government Relations with Native
American Tribal Governments'' (59 FR 22951); Executive Order 13175; and
the relevant provision of the Departmental Manual of the Department of
the Interior (512 DM 2) (see ``Proposed Exclusion of Agua Caliente Band
of Cahuilla Indians Tribal Lands Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act'' for
a detailed discussion); specifically any additional information
regarding the benefits of including these Tribal lands in the
designation or of excluding these lands from the designation;
    (4) The appropriateness of the possible exclusion of approximately
19,211 acres (ac) (7,774 hectares (ha)) of Peninsular bighorn sheep
habitat from the final designation based on the benefits to the
conservation of the subspecies and its PCEs provided by the draft
Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP)
(see ``Areas Considered for Exclusion Under Section 4(b)(2) of the
Act'' for a detailed discussion), specifically any additional
information on the benefits of including land covered by the draft
Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan in the
designation or of excluding these lands from the designation. At this
time we are only considering private lands under the draft Coachella
Valley MSHCP for exclusion and soliciting comment on the
appropriateness of excluding California Department of Fish and Game,
and Bureau of Land Management lands as Memorandum of Understanding
partners to the MSHCP;
    (5) Land use designations and current or planned activities in the
subject areas and their possible impacts on proposed revised critical
habitat;
    (6) Any foreseeable economic, national security, or other potential
impacts resulting from the proposed revised designation and, in
particular, any impacts on small entities, and the benefits of
including or excluding areas that exhibit these impacts; and
    (7) Whether we could improve or modify our approach to designating
critical habitat in any way to provide for greater public participation
and understanding, or to better accommodate public concerns and
comments.
    You may submit your comments and materials concerning this proposal
by one of several methods (see ADDRESSES). If you use e-mail to submit
your comments, please include ``Attn: Peninsular bighorn sheep'' in
your e-mail subject header, preferably with your name and return
address in the body of your message. If you do not receive a
confirmation from the system that we have received your e-mail, contact
us directly by calling our Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office at 760-
431-9440. Please note that we must

[[Page 57741]]

receive comments by the date specified in the DATES section in order to
consider them in our final determination.
    Before including your address, phone number, e-mail address, or
other personal identifying information in your comment, you should be
aware that your entire comment--including your personal identifying
information--may be made publicly available at any time. While you may
ask us in your comment to withhold your personal identifying
information from public review, we cannot guarantee that we will be
able to do so.
    Comments and materials we receive, as well as supporting
documentation we used in the preparation of this proposed rule, will be
available for public inspection, by appointment, during normal business
hours at the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office, 6010 Hidden Valley
Road, Carlsbad, CA 92011 (telephone 760-431-9440).

Background

    In this proposed rule, it is our intent to discuss only those
topics directly relevant to the revision of designated critical habitat
for the Peninsular bighorn sheep and the proposed taxonomic revision of
the current listed entity. For more information on the biology, and
ecology of the Peninsular bighorn sheep, refer to the final listing
rule published in the Federal Register on March 18, 1998 (63 FR 13134),
and the proposed and final critical habitat rules published in the
Federal Register on July 5, 2000, and February 1, 2001, respectively
(65 FR 41405 and 66 FR 8650).
    In the 1998 final listing rule, Peninsular bighorn sheep were
listed as a distinct population segment (DPS) of the species Ovis
canadensis. As stated in the 2001 critical habitat rule, based on
morphometric and genetic analysis, Wehausen and Ramey (1993, p. 9)
synonymized Peninsular bighorn sheep with the subspecies nelsoni, which
is the current taxonomy. Although we accepted this taxonomy at the time
of the designation in 2001, we have yet to formally revise the taxonomy
of the listed entity. Therefore, we are formally proposing a taxonomic
revision to amend the final listing rule from a DPS of the species Ovis
canadensis, to a DPS of the subspecies Ovis canadensis nelsoni.
Therefore, within this proposed critical habitat rule we will refer to
the listed entity as a subspecies and not a species. The taxonomic
revision does not materially affect discreteness and significance of
the Peninsular bighorn sheep as a DPS entity. As stated in the final
listing rule (63 FR 13134), regardless of taxonomic issues surrounding
this species at the time of listing, the biological evidence supports
recognition of Peninsular bighorn sheep as a distinct vertebrate
population segment in the Service's Recognition of Distinct Vertebrate
Population Segments (DPS) (61 FR 4722). For a detailed discussion of
the DPS analysis for Peninsular bighorn sheep, see the Distinct
Vertebrate Population Segment section of the final listing rule.
    Peninsular bighorn sheep (a large mammal in the family Bovidae)
occupying the Peninsular Ranges of southern California were determined,
at the time of listing in 1998, to be a distinct vertebrate population
segment (DPS) of bighorn sheep based on their geographic isolation and
separation from other desert bighorn sheep (63 FR 13134; March 18,
1998). Peninsular bighorn sheep occur on moderate to steep (greater
than 20 percent) (NRCS 1993, p. 66) open slopes, canyons, and washes in
hot and dry desert regions of the Peninsular Ranges of southern
California in Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial counties (66 FR 8650;
February 1, 2001). Peninsular bighorn sheep use several different
habitat types, elevations, and slopes depending on seasonal
environmental conditions and/or their life history stage. The 2001
final critical habitat rule (66 FR 8650) stated that most Peninsular
bighorn sheep live between 300 and 4,000 feet (ft) (91 and 1,219 meters
(m)) in elevation. Upon review of available literature, we now believe
4,600 ft (1,400 m) (below forested vegetation) is a more widely
accepted upper elevational limit in the Peninsular Ranges (Jorgensen
and Turner 1975, p. 51; DeForge et al. 1997, p. 11; Rubin et al. 1998,
p. 541; Ernest et al. 2002, p. 76). Desert bighorn sheep are frequently
found on slopes greater than 20 percent (Elenowitz 1983, p. 87; Andrew
and Bleich 1999, p. 13; Dunn 1996, p. 5), and our Geographic
Information System (GIS) records and occurrence data confirm this
observation for Peninsular bighorn sheep. Steep terrains with slopes of
60 percent or greater used for predator evasion and lambing are a
crucial component of Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat (Dunn 1996, p. 1;
Service 2000, p. 6). Peninsular bighorn sheep will use caves and rock
outcrops for shelter during inclement weather and for shade during
summer months. Bighorn sheep are primarily diurnal (Krausman et al.
1985, p. 25), but Peninsular bighorn sheep may be active at any time of
day or night (Miller et al. 1984, p. 24). A wide range of forage
resources and vegetation associations are required by this subspecies
to meet annual and drought-related variations in forage quality and
availability. In a study of Peninsular bighorn sheep, Scott (1986, p.
21) found that diets were dominated by shrub species, while grasses and
forbs species made up a smaller portion of the Peninsular bighorn
sheep's diet depending on the season. Valley floors, rolling hills, and
alluvial fans and washes with productive soils provide seasonal
vegetation and water resources important to the Peninsular bighorn
sheep, especially for ewes during the reproductive season (Service
2000, p. 8). Please see the ``Primary Constituent Elements'' section of
this proposed rule for a detailed discussion of the habitat
requirements of this subspecies.
    At the time of listing (1998), Peninsular bighorn sheep were known
to occupy habitat along the Peninsular Mountain Ranges from the San
Jacinto Mountains of southern California into the Volcan Tres Virgenes
Mountains in Baja California, Mexico (63 FR 13134; March 18, 1998).
Population estimates at the time indicated approximately 280 Peninsular
bighorn sheep existed within the United States, divided amongst
approximately 8 subpopulations or ewe groups (63 FR 13134; March 18,
1998). At the time of the final critical habitat designation in 2001, a
range-wide census estimated approximately 400 Peninsular bighorn sheep
existed within the United States (Torres 2000, p. 1). We have extensive
occurrence data documenting bighorn sheep within the entire range
identified in the listing rule. Population estimates for 2006, derived
from data collected by the Bighorn Institute, California Department of
Fish and Game (CDFG), and Anza Borrego Desert State Park, indicate
approximately 793 adult and yearling Peninsular bighorn sheep exist
within the United States (Torres 2007). Population estimates for
various regions within the Peninsular Ranges in 2006 are as follows:
San Jacinto Mountains, 21; North Santa Rosa Mountains, 49; Central
Santa Rosa Mountains, 163; South Santa Rosa Mountains, 179; Coyote
Canyon, 42; North San Ysidro Mountains, 79; South San Ysidro Mountains,
38; Vallecito and Fish Creek Mountains, 77; and Carrizo Canyon, 145
(Torres 2007).
    A captive breeding program has been maintained by the Bighorn
Institute since 1984 in cooperation with CDFG, the Bureau of Land
Management (BLM), and the Service (Ostermann et al. 2001, p. 751).
Originally instituted to conduct disease research on low lamb survival,
the captive breeding program was formalized in 1995, with the goals of
safeguarding a sample of the Peninsular bighorn sheep gene pool and

[[Page 57742]]

augmenting and reestablishing wild populations (Ostermann et al. 2001,
p. 751). Captive-bred Peninsular bighorn sheep have been released in
the northern Santa Rosa Mountains and the San Jacinto Mountains
(Ostermann et al. 2001, p. 751), areas historically occupied by the
subspecies.
    Within the Peninsular Ranges, habitat is patchy, and the sheep
populations are naturally fragmented (Bleich et al. 1990, p. 386; Rubin
et al. 1998, p. 547). Male and female bighorn sheep remain loosely
segregated much of the year and come together during the breeding
period or rut (Bleich et al. 1997, p. 7). In the Peninsular Ranges, the
rut occurs in the late summer and fall months (Service 2000, p. 15),
peaking from August to October (Rubin et al. 2000, p. 774). As
parturition (giving birth) approaches, ewes seek isolated sites (escape
terrain) with shelter and unobstructed views (Turner and Hansen 1980,
p. 148), seclude themselves from other females, and find sites to give
birth (Geist 1971, p. 239; Etchberger and Krausman 1999, p. 358). Ewes
usually give birth to one lamb after an approximately 6-month gestation
period (Geist 1971, p. 239; Turner and Hansen 1980, p. 146). During the
period of sexual segregation, ewes and their lambs are typically found
in steeper, more secure habitat, while rams inhabit less steep or less
rugged terrain (Geist 1971, p. 239; Bleich et al. 1997, p. 23).

Previous Federal Actions

    On February 1, 2001, we designated approximately 844,897 ac
(341,919 ha) of land in Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial counties,
California, as critical habitat. The designation followed the Service's
release of the final Recovery Plan for Bighorn Sheep in the Peninsular
Ranges, California (dated October 25, 2000). On March 7, 2005, the Agua
Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians filed a complaint against the Service
alleging that the economic analysis developed for our 2001 designation
used a methodology similar to that ruled to be insufficient by the
Tenth Circuit Court in New Mexico Cattle Growers Association v. U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, 248 F.3d 1277 (10th Cir. 2001). Other
parties subsequently intervened as plaintiffs in the case. A July 31,
2006, court-approved consent decree enacted a limited partial vacatur
of Tribal, mining, and Desert Riders lands (29,925 ac (12,110 ha)) and
remanded the critical habitat designation back to the Service for new
rulemaking. Publication of this proposed revision of critical habitat
satisfies our obligation under the consent decree to submit a revised
proposed rule to the Federal Register on or before September 30, 2007.
The final rule is due to the Federal Register on or before September
30, 2008. For more information on previous Federal actions concerning
the Peninsular bighorn sheep, refer to the final listing rule published
in the Federal Register on March 18, 1998 (63 FR 13134), and the
designation of critical habitat for the Peninsular bighorn sheep
published in the Federal Register on February 1, 2001 (66 FR 8650).

Critical Habitat

    Critical habitat is defined in section 3 of the Act as:
    (1) The specific areas within the geographical area occupied by a
species, at the time it is listed in accordance with the Act, on which
are found those physical or biological features
    (a) Essential to the conservation of the species and
    (b) That may require special management considerations or
protection; and
    (2) Specific areas outside the geographical area occupied by a
species at the time it is listed, upon a determination that such areas
are essential for the conservation of the species.
    Conservation, as defined under section 3 of the Act, means the use
of all methods and procedures that are necessary to bring any
endangered species or threatened species to the point at which the
measures provided under the Act are no longer necessary.
    Critical habitat receives protection under section 7 of the Act
through the prohibition against Federal agencies carrying out, funding,
or authorizing the destruction or adverse modification of critical
habitat. Section 7(a)(2) of the Act requires consultation on Federal
actions that may affect critical habitat. The designation of critical
habitat does not affect land ownership or establish a refuge,
wilderness, reserve, preserve, or other conservation area. Such
designation does not allow the government or public to access private
lands. Such designation does not require implementation of restoration,
recovery, or enhancement measures by the landowner. Where the landowner
seeks or requests federal agency funding or authorization that may
affect a listed species or critical habitat, the consultation
requirements of Section 7(a)(2) would apply, but even in the event of a
destruction or adverse modification finding, the landowner's obligation
is not to restore or recover the species, but to implement reasonable
and prudent alternatives to avoid destruction or adverse modification
of critical habitat.
    For inclusion in a critical habitat designation, habitat within the
geographical area occupied by the species at the time it was listed
must first have features that are essential to the conservation of the
species. Critical habitat designations identify, to the extent known
using the best scientific data available, habitat areas that provide
essential life cycle needs of the species (areas on which are found the
primary constituent elements, as defined at 50 CFR 424.12(b)).
    Occupied habitat that contains the features essential to the
conservation of the species meets the definition of critical habitat
only if its essential features may require special management
considerations or protection.
    Under the Act, we can designate unoccupied areas as critical
habitat only when we determine that the best available scientific data
demonstrate that the designation of that area is essential to the
conservation needs of the species.
    Section 4 of the Act requires that we designate critical habitat on
the basis of the best scientific and commercial data available.
Further, our Policy on Information Standards Under the Endangered
Species Act (published in the Federal Register on July 1, 1994 (59 FR
34271)), the Information Quality Act (section 515 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Pub. L.
106-554; H.R. 5658)), and our associated Information Quality Guidelines
provide criteria, establish procedures, and provide guidance to ensure
that our decisions are based on the best scientific data available.
They require our biologists, to the extent consistent with the Act and
with the use of the best scientific data available, to use primary and
original sources of information as the basis for recommendations to
designate critical habitat.
    When we are determining which areas should be proposed as critical
habitat, our primary source of information is generally the information
developed during the listing process for the species. Additional
information sources may include the recovery plan for the species,
articles in peer-reviewed journals, conservation plans developed by
States and counties, scientific status surveys and studies, biological
assessments, or other unpublished materials and expert opinion or
personal knowledge.
    Habitat is often dynamic, and species may move from one area to
another over time. Furthermore, we recognize that

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designation of critical habitat may not include all of the habitat
areas that we may eventually determine, based on scientific data not
now available to the Service, are necessary for the recovery of the
species. For these reasons, a critical habitat designation does not
signal that habitat outside the designated area is unimportant or may
not be required for recovery of the species.
    Areas that support populations, but are outside the critical
habitat designation, will continue to be subject to conservation
actions we implement under section 7(a)(1) of the Act. They are also
subject to the regulatory protections afforded by the section 7(a)(2)
jeopardy standard, as determined on the basis of the best available
scientific information at the time of the agency action. Federally
funded or permitted projects affecting listed species outside their
designated critical habitat areas may still result in jeopardy findings
in some cases. Similarly, critical habitat designations made on the
basis of the best available information at the time of designation will
not control the direction and substance of future recovery plans,
habitat conservation plans (HCPs), or other species conservation
planning efforts if new information available to these planning efforts
calls for a different outcome.

Methods

    As required by section 4(b) of the Act, we used the best scientific
data available in determining areas occupied at the time of listing
that contain the features essential to the conservation of the
Peninsular bighorn sheep, and areas unoccupied at the time of listing
that are essential to the conservation of the Peninsular bighorn sheep,
or both. Material reviewed included information from the final listing
rule (63 FR 13134; March 18, 1998) and final critical habitat rule (66
FR 8650; February 1, 2001), information and survey observations
published in peer-reviewed literature and provided in academic theses
and agency reports; location data and survey information provided in
agency status and monitoring reports and on GIS maps; habitat analysis
and other information provided in the Peninsular bighorn sheep recovery
plan (Service 2000); material submitted during section 7 consultations;
data made available through members of the Peninsular Bighorn Sheep
Recovery Team, Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation
Plan program, and Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal Habitat
Conservation Plan program; and regional GIS coverages. We are not
proposing any areas outside the geographical area presently occupied by
the Peninsular bighorn sheep as revised critical habitat because
presently occupied areas are sufficient for the conservation of the
subspecies.

Primary Constituent Elements

    In accordance with section 3(5)(A)(i) of the Act and the
regulations at 50 CFR 424.12, in determining which areas occupied at
the time of listing to propose as critical habitat, we consider the
primary constituent elements (PCEs) to be those physical and biological
features that are essential to the conservation of the species and that
may require special management considerations or protection. These
include, but are not limited to:
    (1) Space for individual and population growth and for normal
behavior;
    (2) Food, water, air, light, minerals, or other nutritional or
physiological requirements;
    (3) Cover or shelter;
    (4) Sites for breeding, reproduction, or rearing (or development)
of offspring; and
    (5) Habitats that are protected from disturbance or are
representative of the historic geographical and ecological
distributions of a species.
    We derive the specific primary constituent elements (PCEs) required
for the Peninsular bighorn sheep from its biological needs.

Space for Individual and Population Growth and for Normal Behavior

    Peninsular bighorn sheep occur on moderately steep to very steep
open slopes, canyons, and washes in hot and dry desert regions where
the land is rough and rocky, and sparsely vegetated (66 FR 8650;
February 1, 2001). This subspecies is primarily restricted to the east-
facing lower elevation slopes (generally below 4,600 ft (1,400 m)) of
the Peninsular Ranges along the northwestern edge of the Sonoran Desert
(Jorgensen and Turner 1975, p. 51; DeForge et al. 1997, p. 11; Rubin et
al. 1998, p. 541; Ernest et al. 2002, p. 76). A wide range of
topography provides a diversity of habitats and plant communities
across the mountainous slopes, canyons, washes, and alluvial fans
within the home range of the Peninsular bighorn sheep (Service 2000, p.
156). This diverse topography is necessary to provide shelter from the
elements and predators, areas for rearing, areas used to meet thermal
requirements, seasonal water and forage sources, and space for mating
and movement of this subspecies.
    Diverse topographic features are especially important because of
the extreme temperatures Peninsular bighorn sheep must cope with in
this desert region. During hot weather, desert bighorn sheep seek shade
under boulders and cliffs, or move to north-facing slopes (Merritt
1974, p. 14; Andrew 1994, p. 52). In the event of inclement weather
they may seek protected caves or overhangs, or move to sunny, south-
facing slopes (Andrew 1994, p. 52), or slopes that are protected from
strong winds. According to GIS data and occurrence records, Peninsular
bighorn sheep largely utilize habitat with 20 to 60 percent slopes,
broken by canyons and washes. The preference for slopes greater than 20
percent has been shown in other populations of desert sheep as well
(Andrew 1994, p. 53). Nighttime bedding areas are chosen carefully
according to the topography of the habitat and may be considered a
limiting factor in bighorn sheep distribution (Hansen 1980, p. 78).
These bedding areas are usually located along ridges and spurs with
long distance visibility where bighorn sheep can escape if necessary in
a matter of seconds (Hansen 1980, p. 78).
    Generally, bighorn sheep primarily rely on their sense of sight to
detect predators. They prefer the lower elevations of the Peninsular
Ranges where the vegetation associations are less dense and provide
better visibility than those at higher elevations. Research has shown
that bighorn sheep will avoid habitat in which dense vegetation reduces
visibility and regularly use habitat with vegetative canopy cover less
than or equal to 30 percent (Risenhoover and Bailey 1985, p. 799;
Etchberger et al. 1989, p. 906; Dunn 1996, p. 1). Bighorn sheep in the
Peninsular Ranges avoid higher elevations (above 4,600 ft (1,400 m)),
likely due to decreased visibility (and therefore increased predation
risk) associated with the denser vegetation (chaparral and conifer
woodland) found at higher elevations (Service 2000, p. 10).
    Along with occupying open habitat, bighorn sheep also use very
steep, precipitous terrain for predator evasion (Service 2000, p. 6).
Bighorn sheep use their climbing abilities rather than speed to escape
from predators, and mountainous slopes of greater than or equal to 60
percent (escape habitat) are steep enough to provide this function
(Andrew 1994, p. 57; Dunn 1996, p. 1; McKinney et al. 2003, p. 1231;
Service 2000, p. 6). Very steep escape habitat is also used for lambing
(Service 2000, p. 6). As parturition approaches, ewes seek isolated
sites (escape terrain with slopes

[[Page 57744]]

60 percent or greater) with shelter and unobstructed views (Turner and
Hansen 1980, p. 148), and seclude themselves from other females while
finding sites to give birth (Geist 1971, p. 239; Etchberger and
Krausman 1999, p. 358). Ewes usually give birth to one lamb born after
an approximately 6-month gestation period (Geist 1971, p. 239; Turner
and Hansen 1980, p. 146). These areas of steep and very steep terrain
are vital to Peninsular bighorn sheep because lambs have increased
vulnerability to predation, and these protective slopes are rarely
visited by predators (Geist 1971, p. 239). Ewe groups with lambs
usually stay close to escape terrain, while feeding on lower gradient
slopes. Berger (1991, p. 72) reported that when feeding on bajadas
(compound alluvial fans) or away from escape terrain, ewes and lambs
were more than three times more vulnerable to predation. Predators of
Peninsular bighorn sheep include mountain lion, bobcat, and coyote
(Hayes et al. 2000, p. 954; 66 FR 8650).

Metapopulation Structure

    Within desert mountain ranges like the Peninsular Ranges, bighorn
sheep habitat is patchy, and the population structure is naturally
fragmented (Bleich et al. 1990, p. 384). This fragmentation has led to
the application of a broad landscape approach to their population
ecology, grouping geographically distinct herds into metapopulations,
which are networks of interacting ewe groups or subpopulations
(Schwartz et al. 1986, pp. 182-183; Bleich et al. 1990, p. 386). This
approach considers long-term viability not of individual
subpopulations, but rather of entire metapopulations; thus both genetic
and demographic factors are considered. Decreasing population sizes can
lead to decreasing levels of heterozygosity that may have negative
demographic effects through inbreeding depression (Lande 1988, p.
1,456) and loss of adaptability. A small amount of genetic exchange
among herds by movements of males can counteract inbreeding and
associated increases in homozygosity that might otherwise develop
within small, isolated populations (Schwartz et al. 1986, p. 185).
Males have larger home ranges and have a much greater tendency than
females to explore new areas, which they may do in search of females
during the mating season. If geographic distances between female groups
within metapopulations are not extreme (greater than 31 miles (mi) 50
kilometers (km) (Witham and Smith 1979, p. 24)), and no insurmountable
barriers exist, movement by males occurs readily. If movement is
precluded by human-constructed obstacles, populations will become
isolated and the metapopulation structure dismantled.
    A study of Peninsular bighorn sheep distribution and abundance by
Rubin et al. (1998, p. 545) concluded that ewes exhibit a fragmented
distribution within the Peninsular Ranges making up at least eight ewe
groups or subpopulations. It is suggested that although the
distribution of these ewe groups could be considered naturally
fragmented, construction and use of roads through bighorn sheep habitat
may have increased fragmentation within the Peninsular Ranges because
ewes avoided crossing highways (Rubin et al. 1998, p. 547). Ewes show
strong gregarious and philopatric behavior (faithful to natal home
range), which limits their dispersal abilities (Boyce et al. 1999, p.
99; Service 2000, p. 10). Movement of ewes between ewe groups appears
infrequent, but direct observation and aerial-telemetry locations and
genetic analysis revealed ram movement between up to three ewe groups
(Boyce et al. 1999, p. 99; Rubin et al. 1998, pp. 543-544).
Substructuring also can occur within single herds (ewe groups) of
bighorn sheep (Festa-Bianchet 1986, pp. 327-330; Andrew et al. 1997,
pp. 74-75; Rubin et al. 1998, pp. 543-548). Such substructuring is
defined by separate home range patterns. Although demonstrated more
with females, it can occur in both sexes.
    Another important long-term process in metapopulation dynamics is
the balance between rates of natural extinction and colonization among
subpopulations. Colonization rates must exceed extinction rates for a
metapopulation to persist (Hanski and Gilpin 1991, pp. 8-9). In recent
history this balance has not occurred for Peninsular bighorn sheep due
to fragmentation, disease, predation, and low recruitment (Rubin et al.
1998, pp. 545-547; Rubin et al. 2002, p. 803-805). In addition to
fragmentation, remaining subpopulations consist of small, isolated
groups of bighorn sheep. Small groups are more vulnerable to
extirpation due to random naturally occurring events, disease, or
predation because of their small population size. Local extinction of
small subpopulations can be prevented by occasional immigrants from
neighboring subpopulations (rescue effect) (Brown and Kodric-Brown
1977, p. 445).
    Because of the metapopulation structure of the Peninsular bighorn
sheep population, it is important for genetic exchange and the
conservation of the subspecies to ensure space for movement and
connectivity between ewe groups. Furthermore, maintaining connectivity
within the metapopulation will help safeguard against local extinctions
of the remaining subpopulations.

Food

    A wide range of forage resources and vegetation associations are
required by Peninsular bighorn sheep to meet annual and drought-related
variations in forage quality and availability (Hansen 1980, p. 76).
Valley floors, rolling hills, and alluvial fans and washes with
productive soils provide seasonal vegetation and water resources
important to the Peninsular bighorn sheep. In a mountainous environment
like the Peninsular Ranges, temperature and soil moisture vary widely
with slope and elevation. This causes variation in plant growth
throughout this subspecies' habitat on a seasonal basis. Peninsular
bighorn sheep need to have access to the seasonal abundance of plant
life at various elevations to maximize resources and survive in the
desert environment. Berger (1991, p. 70) found that bighorn sheep
adjusted their feeding ranges to exploit more nutritive portions of
their home ranges, such as bajadas, early in the season when high
protein grasses were emerging. Due to the high energetic costs of
pregnancy and lactation, ewes are especially dependent on areas with
nutritious forage to increase success of rearing offspring (Service
2000, p. 8). Berbach (1987, p. 97) reported that when ewes were
confined to an enclosure and prevented from using all vegetation
associations during late gestation and early lactation, they and their
lambs died of malnutrition. During the reproductive season for
Peninsular bighorn sheep, ewe foraging is typically concentrated on
specific sites, such as alluvial fans, bajadas, and washes, where more
productive, wetter soils support greater herbaceous growth than
steeper, drier, rockier soils (Service 2000, p. 8). There is a tendency
for plants that dry out during summer months on the mountain sides to
remain green longer (and thus more nutritious, higher in protein, and
more easily digested) because groundwater is generally closer to the
surface and in greater quantity. Furthermore, the greater soil moisture
supports a suite of nutritious plants that do not grow on the dry
mountain sides. Therefore, washes and alluvial fans play an important
role in allowing desert bighorn sheep to acquire quality forage during
the heat of summer months and through times of drought.
    In a study of Peninsular bighorn sheep, Scott (1986, p. 21) found
that

[[Page 57745]]

diets were dominated by shrub species (64 to 76 percent), with grasses
and forbs species making up a smaller portion of the diet (19 to 30
percent and 2 to 6 percent, respectively). In the following section,
plant nomenclature has been updated to conform to treatments in Hickman
(1993). Common names generally conform with those given in Hickman
(1993) and/or Abrams et al. (1992-1960). Cited scientific names are
retained in brackets for ease of reference. Foraging studies by Scott
(1986, p. 21) and Cunningham (1982, p. 31) noted that Peninsular
bighorn sheep preferentially feed on different plants seasonally.
Shrubs such as Ambrosia dumosa (burro bush), Caesalpinia virgata
[Hoffmannseggia microphylla] (small-leaved Hoffmannseggia), Hyptis
emoryi (desert lavender), Sphaeralcea spp. (globemallow), and
Simmondsia chinensis (joboba) are a primary food source year round;
grasses such as Aristida adscensionis (sixweeks threeawn) and Bromus
rubens (red brome) along with cacti Opuntia spp. (cholla) are a primary
food source in the fall; forbs such as Plantago spp. (woolly plantain),
Plantago ovata [insularis] var. fastigiata (woolly plantain), and
Ditaxis neomexicana (common ditaxis) are a primary food source in the
spring. However, Peninsular bighorn sheep are generalist foragers, and
will browse on a wide variety of plant species depending on seasonal
availability. Other plants reportedly consumed by Peninsular bighorn
sheep include Ephedra spp. (Mormon tea), Agave deserti (desert agave),
Quercus spp. (scrub oak), Phoradendron californicum (desert mistletoe),
Eriogonum fasciculatum (California buckwheat), Prunus fremontii (desert
apricot), Acacia greggii (catclaw), Prosopis juliflora (mesquite),
Krameria grayi (ratany), and Malosma laurina (laurel-leaf sumac)
(Browning and Monson 1980, p. 88).

Water

    In the Peninsular Ranges, the presence of perennial water is known
to be a limiting factor only during prolonged droughts or summers
without significant thunderstorm activity (Service 2000, p. 156). Water
sources are most valuable to bighorn sheep if they occur in proximity
to escape terrain with good visibility (Service 2000, p. 9). However,
bighorn sheep have been observed to travel at least 10 mi (16 km) from
sources of perennial water. According to Service biologists familiar
with the subspecies, bighorn sheep usually visit a water source every 2
to 3 days, but it is not unusual for them to drink more often. During
the hot summer months, desert bighorn sheep typically stay close to
reliable sources of water and drink large quantities of water at a
time. It has been hypothesized that desert bighorn sheep can survive
without a permanent water source, although this view is not widely
accepted (Turner and Weaver 1980, p. 104). In desert ranges like the
Peninsular Ranges, rainwater can collect in natural collection tanks
and potholes in the rock and provide seasonal or perennial water
sources. Natural springs also provide a reliable source of water for
Peninsular bighorn sheep. Desert sheep also rely on consuming
vegetation, including cacti, to meet water requirements when standing
water sources are scarce (Turner and Weaver 1980, p. 102). Water is
especially important to lactating ewes, as they need sufficient water
to produce milk. Water sources contribute greatly to the Peninsular
bighorn sheep's ability to survive the hot and dry summer months.

Primary Constituent Elements for the Peninsular Bighorn Sheep

    Within the geographical area occupied by the Peninsular bighorn
sheep at the time of listing, we must identify the PCEs that may
require special management considerations or protection.
    Based on the above needs and our current knowledge of the life
history, biology, and ecology of the subspecies, we have determined
that the Peninsular bighorn sheep's PCEs are:
    (1) Moderate to steep, open slopes (20 to 60 percent) and canyons,
with canopy cover of 30 percent or less (below 4,600 feet (1,402
meters) elevation in the Peninsular Ranges) that provide space for
sheltering, predator detection, rearing of young, foraging and
watering, mating, and movement within and between ewe groups.
    (2) Presence of a variety of forage plants, indicated by the
presence of shrubs (e.g., Ambrosia spp., Caesalpinia spp., Hyptis spp.,
Sphaeralcea spp., Simmondsia spp.), that provide a primary food source
year round, grasses (e.g., Aristida spp., Bromus spp.) and cacti (e.g.,
Opuntia spp.) that provide a source of forage in the fall, and forbs
(e.g., Plantago spp., Ditaxis spp.) that provide a source of forage in
the spring.
    (3) Steep, rugged, slopes (60 percent slope or greater) (below
4,600 feet (1,402 meters) elevation in the Peninsular Ranges) that
provide secluded space for lambing as well as terrain for predator
evasion.
    (4) Alluvial fans, washes, and valley bottoms that provide
important foraging areas where nutritious and digestible plants can be
more readily found during times of drought and lactation and that
provide and maintain habitat connectivity by serving as travel routes
between and within ewe groups, adjacent mountain ranges, and important
resources areas, such as foraging areas and escape terrain.
    (5) Intermittent and permanent water sources that are available
during extended dry periods and that provide relatively nutritious
plants and drinking water.
    This proposed revision to currently designated critical habitat for
the Peninsular bighorn sheep is designed for the conservation of PCEs
necessary to support the life history functions that are the basis for
our proposal and the areas containing those PCEs.
    We propose units for designation based on sufficient PCEs being
present to support at least one of the subspecies' life history
functions. For this subspecies, all of the units proposed contain all
of the PCEs and support the multiple essential life history functions
identified above.

Special Management Considerations or Protection

    When designating critical habitat, we assess whether the occupied
areas contain the features that are essential to the conservation of
the subspecies and that may require special management considerations
or protection. We have also considered how revising the current
critical habitat designation for the Peninsular bighorn sheep
highlights habitat that needs special management considerations or
protection.
    Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat and the PCEs upon which the sheep
depends are threatened by the direct and indirect effects of:
Development and expansion of urban areas; human disturbance related to
recreation; construction of roadways and power lines; and mineral
extraction and mining operations.
    The development and expansion of urban and associated industrial
areas threaten Peninsular bighorn sheep and their habitat through
direct and indirect effects. Habitat loss (especially in canyon
bottoms), degradation, and fragmentation associated with the
proliferation of residential and commercial development, roads and
highways, water projects, and vehicular and pedestrian recreational
uses threaten the Peninsular bighorn sheep throughout its range (63 FR
13134; March 18, 1998). The cities that occur along the eastern
boundary of proposed revised critical habitat, from the base of the San
Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains to the Salton Sea area (Units

[[Page 57746]]

1 and 2A), continue to grow. Development adjacent to and within
Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat affects the quality and quantity of
lower elevation habitat and associated vegetation, alluvial fans, and
water sources (PCEs 1, 2, 4, and 5). By 2000, at least 18,500 ac (7,490
ha) of suitable Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat had been lost to
urbanization and agriculture along the urban interface between the
cities of Palm Springs and La Quinta (Service 2000, p. 38). Much of the
lost habitat consisted of low elevation alluvial fans and washes that
provided important sources of nutrients to ewes when they are rearing
their lambs (PCE 2 and 4) (66 FR 8650; February 1, 2001). Moreover, in
the northern Santa Rosa Mountains, from 1991 to 1996, 34 percent of
adult mortalities appear to have been directly caused by urbanization
(66 FR 8650; February 1, 2001). Five Peninsular bighorn sheep were
killed by cars; five died from feeding on toxic, nonnative ornamental
plants; and one was strangled in a wire fence (DeForge and Ostermann
1997, p. 1).
    Continued urban and commercial development within the range of
Peninsular bighorn sheep could fragment the Peninsular bighorn sheep
metapopulation into isolated groups too small to maintain long-term
viability. Maintenance of genetic diversity allows small ewe groups
like those in the Peninsular Ranges to persist. The inability of rams
and occasional ewes to move between groups erodes the genetic fitness
of isolated groups (PCE 1 and 4) (63 FR 13134; March 18, 1998). Special
management considerations or protection may be needed to alleviate the
effects of development on Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat, especially
lower elevation habitat, alluvial fans, and areas of possible ewe group
connectivity near urban areas. This protection could be accomplished by
controlling the expansion of urban, industrial, and agricultural
development into these areas.
    In the Peninsular Ranges (Units 1, 2 and 3), increased activity and
disturbance adjacent to, and within Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat
are adversely affecting bighorn sheep by altering their normal
behavior. This altered behavior can lead to abandonment of habitat and
prevent use of preferred habitat, including lambing areas, water
sources, and foraging areas, and cause negative physiological effects
(PCE 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) (66 FR 8650; 63 FR 13134). A variety of human
activities, such as hiking, mountain biking, horseback riding, camping,
hunting, livestock grazing, and use of aircraft and off-road vehicles,
have the potential to disrupt normal bighorn sheep social behaviors.
Special management considerations or protection may be needed to
alleviate the effects of human activity and disturbance to Peninsular
bighorn sheep. Restricting human use of trail systems and natural areas
during lambing season and exclusionary fencing around urban areas may
reduce human effects on Peninsular bighorn sheep behavior.
    Roadways and power line structures occur in, and are proposed for
construction within, Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat. Two major
highways run through the Peninsular Ranges and fragment bighorn sheep
habitat. In the northern portion of the Peninsular Ranges, State Route
74 runs through the Santa Rosa Mountains (Unit 2A). Further south,
State Route 78 cuts through habitat between the San Ysidro Mountains
and Pinyon Mountains (Unit 2B). These roadways have degraded habitat
and have generally impeded the movement of Peninsular bighorn sheep
(especially ewes) between ewe groups in the surrounding areas (PCE 1,
2, 3, 4, and 5) (Rubin et al. 1998, p. 547), which can erode the
genetic fitness of isolated groups (63 FR 13134; March 18, 1998).
However, some movement has been documented across State Route 74
(Service 2004, pp. 1-2). Epps et al. (2005, p. 1035) showed that
nuclear genetic diversity of desert bighorn sheep populations was
negatively correlated with the presence of human-made barriers
(highways), which essentially eliminated dispersal. Furthermore, in
some portions of their range, collisions with automobiles can be a
significant cause of Peninsular bighorn sheep mortality (DeForge and
Ostermann 1997, p. 1). The construction of power lines and associated
structures may also degrade and fragment bighorn sheep habitat.
Currently, a large power line (Sunrise Powerlink) is proposed for
construction through Unit 2B along Highway 78. Special management
considerations or protection may be needed to alleviate the effects of
roadway and power line structures on Peninsular bighorn sheep and their
habitat. Future construction of roadways and power lines should be
avoided, and if unavoidable, should be constructed in a way that
minimizes effects to habitat and allows for continued connectivity
among ewe groups.
    Mining operations occur within southern portions of the habitat
used by Peninsular bighorn sheep. Mining activities and associated
facilities threaten Peninsular bighorn sheep by causing the loss of
vegetation structure required for foraging activities and destroying
habitats used for escape, bedding, lambing, or connectivity between
ranges (PCE 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). Disturbance could modify the sheep's
behavior or cause bighorn sheep to flee an area. Mining occurs within
the habitat of Peninsular bighorn sheep in Units 2B and 3. Special
management considerations or protection may be needed to alleviate the
effects of mining operations on Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat.
Further mining operations should avoid to the maximum extent possible,
areas considered essential to Peninsular bighorn sheep conservation.

Criteria Used To Identify Critical Habitat

    All proposed revised critical habitat units are within areas that
we have determined were occupied at the time of listing, and that
contain sufficient PCEs to support the life history functions essential
for the conservation of the subspecies. Lands were proposed for
designation based on sufficient PCEs being present to support the life
processes.
    We used the following data to delineate proposed revised critical
habitat: (1) Areas known to be occupied at the time of listing (1998)
and currently occupied; (2) areas within the ewe group distribution
(subpopulations) boundaries identified by Rubin et al. (1998); (3)
areas where occupancy data points indicate repeated Peninsular bighorn
sheep use, but which were not captured within the ewe groups
distribution boundaries identified by Rubin et al. (1998); and (4)
areas that contain the PCEs required by the subspecies as determined
from aerial imagery and GIS data on vegetation, elevation, and slope.
    We also gathered information from our files, staff biologists, the
California Department of Fish and Game, the Bighorn Institute, and Dr.
Ester Rubin. Our proposed revision to critical habitat is designed to
capture ewe groups; lambing areas; foraging areas, including alluvial
fans; water sources; ram groups; and areas used for associated herd
(male, female, and young) movements and migrations.
    We delineated the proposed revised critical habitat boundaries
using the following steps:
    (1) As a first step in the delineation process, we mapped ewe group
areas from Rubin et al. (1998) over GIS imagery of the Peninsular
Ranges to delineate the distribution of ewe groups in the proposed
revised critical habitat. We consider Rubin et al. (1998) to be the
best available data on Peninsular bighorn sheep ewe group distribution.

[[Page 57747]]

Rubin et al. (1998) examined the population structure, distribution,
and abundance of Peninsular bighorn sheep in California using
observational data from radio-collared and uncollared male (ram) and
female (ewe) sheep between 1971 and 1996. This is the only data we are
aware of that identifies the distribution of ewe groups and subgroups
within the Peninsular Ranges.
    (2) To ensure that Rubin et al. (1998, pp. 539-561) still
accurately represents the boundaries of the ewe groups and to capture
possible ram movement, we compared the ewe group delineation from Rubin
et al. (1998, pp. 539-561) with all occupancy data collected since the
time of listing on GIS imagery maps. We then expanded the ewe group
delineation to include areas where occupancy data points indicate
repeated Peninsular bighorn sheep use and recent sheep movements (post
Rubin et al. 1998, pp. 539-561), and areas that contain the PCEs for
Peninsular bighorn sheep. In particular, we expanded the northernmost
ewe group delineation (San Jacinto Mountains) to include the area north
of Chino Canyon where (1) we have evidence of recent ewe and ram
movements and (2) the Bighorn Institute has released, and continues to
release, captive-born sheep to help recover this subspecies. We also
expanded the southernmost ewe group delineation (Carizzo Canyon area)
to the south to capture water sources (PCE 5), including habitat near
the Interstate 8-State Route 98 split, where there are consistent,
recent sightings of uncollared Peninsular bighorn sheep.
    (3) We then examined all pre-listing occurrence data in our files
to determine if our revised critical habitat missed any areas of
historical repeated Peninsular bighorn sheep use. We identified an area
of historical repeated use that was occupied at the time of listing
between two ewe subgroups documented in Rubin et al. (1998, pp. 539-
561) as (1) Santa Rosa Mountains east of State Route 74 (Martinez
Canyon) and (2) Santa Rosa Mountains east of State Route 74 (south)).
Use of this area is consistent with the Rubin et al. (1998, pp. 539-
561) demographic study, which indicated possible connectivity between
these subgroups through this area. This area is important in light of
genetic findings by Boyce et al. (1999, pp. 99-106) that indicate ewe
groups within these ranges maintain genetic connectivity, probably
through male-mediated nuclear gene flow. Based on the importance of
this area for connectivity between subgroups, we expanded the proposed
revised critical habitat boundaries to include areas where occupancy
data points indicate historically occupied habitat. Since the number of
occurrence data points in historically occupied areas is relatively
small, we delineated the unit boundaries in these areas to follow the
boundaries of the PCEs, such as elevations below 4,600 ft (1,400 m),
areas with 30 percent canopy cover or less, escape terrain, alluvial
fans, washes, and water sources immediately adjacent to the identified
ewe groups.
    (4) As a final step in refining our delineation, we closely
examined our revised units to ensure they capture all of the PCEs to
support life history functions essential for the conservation of the
subspecies. Where appropriate, we expanded the boundaries to capture
the extent of an alluvial fan or water source (PCE 4 or 5,
respectively). We also removed areas that we determined do not contain
the PCEs or otherwise do not contain suitable Peninsular bighorn sheep
habitat, such as areas above 4,600 ft (1,400 m) elevation (PCE 1),
areas containing conifer woodland with canopy cover greater than 30
percent (PCE 1), and slopes less than 20 percent (PCE 1), unless those
areas overlapped specifically with Rubin et al.'s (1998, pp. 539-561)
ewe group distributions and had documented use by Peninsular bighorn
sheep.
    On May 22, 2007, Drs. Esther Rubin and Walter Boyce, in cooperation
with Steve Torres and Chris Stermer of the California Department of
Fish and Game, submitted a draft predictive habitat model for bighorn
sheep in the Peninsular Ranges. We did not adopt this predictive
habitat model to delineate critical habitat because the model was
submitted in draft form, prior to final steps of model validation and
peer review, and model development was based on just two years of
Global Positioning System (GPS) data (Rubin 2007, p. 2); nevertheless,
the model supports our proposed delineation. Areas we are designating
roughly fall within the upper level habitat suitability classes derived
from the preliminary model.
    When determining the proposed revisions to critical habitat
boundaries within this proposed rule, we made every effort to avoid
including developed areas such as buildings, paved areas, and other
structures that lack PCEs for the Peninsular bighorn sheep. The scale
of the maps we prepared under the parameters for publication within the
Code of Federal Regulations may not reflect the exclusion of such
developed areas. Any such structures and the land under them
inadvertently left inside critical habitat boundaries shown on the maps
of this proposed revision to critical habitat have been excluded by
text in the proposed rule and are not proposed for designation as
revised critical habitat. Therefore, Federal actions limited to these
areas would not trigger section 7 consultation, unless they may affect
the subspecies or primary constituent elements in adjacent critical
habitat.

Summary of Proposed Changes From Previously Designated Critical Habitat

    The areas identified in this proposed rule constitute a proposed
revision to the areas we designated as critical habitat for the
Peninsular bighorn sheep on February 1, 2001 (66 FR 8650). The main
differences include the following:
    (1) The 2001 final rule used a generalized methodology for
delineating critical habitat that resulted in the designation of one
critical habitat unit for Peninsular bighorn sheep totaling 844,897 ac
(341,919 ha) (66 FR 8650; February 1, 2001). This proposed revision is
based on a more specific methodology that resulted in three critical
habitat units including approximately 384,410 ac (155,564 ha) of land
in Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial counties, California, a reduction
of 460,487 ac (186,355 ha) from the 2001 final rule (66 FR 8650). The
areas included in this proposed revised critical habitat are almost
entirely within the boundaries of the existing (2001) critical habitat.
There are approximately 72 ac (29 ha) of BLM land in Unit 3 that are
outside the boundary of the 2001 critical habitat.
    The reduction in total area from the 2001 final critical habitat
designation is primarily the result of using a revised methodology to
delineate critical habitat in this proposed revision. In our 2001 final
critical habitat designation, we delineated critical habitat based on
the methodology used in the Recovery Plan for Bighorn Sheep in the
Peninsular Ranges, California (Service 2000).
    In developing this proposed revision, we reexamined the methodology
outlined in the 2000 recovery plan and the 2001 critical habitat
designation, and updated that methodology based on the best available
information to identify areas essential for the conservation of the
subspecies (see ``Criteria Used To Identify Critical Habitat''
section). Since publication of the 2000 recovery plan and the 2001
critical habitat designation, more specific and up-to-date information
has become available regarding habitat use by Peninsular bighorn sheep
and areas containing the features essential to the conservation of this
subspecies. New information indicates that many areas included in the
2001 critical habitat

[[Page 57748]]

designation do not support the features essential for the conservation
of the Peninsular bighorn sheep and/or otherwise contain unsuitable
habitat for the subspecies. For example, the 2001 final rule included
high elevation (above 4,600 ft (1,402 m)), densely vegetated, and
forested habitat that is inappropriate for sheep use in the San
Jacinto, Santa Rosa, and Vallecito Mountains. The differences between
the generalized methodology applied in the 2001 critical habitat
designation and the methodology used in this proposed rule, including
our reasons for revising the approach, are outlined below.
    The recovery plan generally used two criteria, the presence of
escape terrain and unobstructed view, as key habitat requirements when
delineating the areas essential to Peninsular bighorn sheep with little
consideration of the presence of the PCEs required by this subspecies.
In this proposed revision, we have considered all five of the revised
PCEs in delineating proposed revised critical habitat which results in
a more precise determination of essential habitat (see ``Primary
Constituent Elements for the Peninsular Bighorn Sheep'' and ``Criteria
Used to Identify Critical Habitat'' sections).
    Additionally, little consideration was given to occurrence data in
the recovery plan methodology and specific ewe group distributions,
resulting in expanses of critical habitat in the 2001 designation in
which we have little to no occurrence records that would indicate sheep
use those areas. For example, we have occupancy data dating back to
1940, yet extensive areas along the western and southern boundary of
the 2001 designation contain little to no documented sheep use. In
light of all the recent research efforts and occupancy data, we are not
including those lands in this proposed revision as we have determined
that those lands are not essential to the conservation of Peninsular
bighorn sheep. Because a detailed vegetation map was not available at
the time of the recovery plan, a team of biologists flew the entire
western boundary in a helicopter and visually assessed vegetation
associations (Service 2000, p. 159). The western boundary was
determined by consensus and recorded by GPS from the helicopter
position every ten seconds (Service 2000, p. 159). A 0.5 mi (0.8 km)
buffer was added to this line to account for the advent of fire
suppression (Service 2000, p. 160). In determining the western boundary
of essential habitat in this proposed revision, we used vegetation maps
that cover the entire range of the Peninsular bighorn sheep, along with
detailed aerial photography, expert opinion, and sheep use data to
delineate boundaries, which we have determined more precisely captures
the areas essential to the subspecies.
    Like our methodology for this proposed revision, the 2001
methodology used a minimum slope criterion of 20 percent to delineate
essential habitat; however, a 0.5 mi (0.8 km) buffer was included
around slopes of greater than or equal to 20 percent (Service 2000, p.
158). This proposed rule does not include a buffer zone area around
habitat determined to be essential to the subspecies.
    In summary, we consider the recent data and methodology used in
this proposed revision to more accurately and specifically delineate
the areas essential to the Peninsular bighorn sheep. The methods used
in the 2000 recovery plan and the 2001 critical habitat designation
resulted in a more inclusive delineation of essential habitat due to
limited data. Application of the revised methodology, based on the best
available information, identified 460,487 ac (186,355 ha) of previously
designated critical habitat that is not essential to the subspecies,
and therefore we are not including these areas in this proposed
revision to the critical habitat designation.
    (2) We re-evaluated and revised the PCEs in light of the Alameda
whipsnake court case (Homebuilder's Ass'n of Northern Cal. v. U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, 268 F. Supp.2d 1197 (E.D. Cal. 2003)) and other
relevant case law, and followed current Service guidelines and
policies. The PCEs differ from those in the existing critical habitat
rule in that they are reorganized into five separate PCEs for clarity.
Furthermore, we have added specific information on elevational range,
plant species used for foraging, and range of slopes required by the
subspecies. This additional specificity was gained by evaluating the
recovery plan and examining all recent sheep data, including data from
radio collars and GPS collars providing precision to the identification
of habitats used and preferred by Peninsular bighorn sheep. Applying
the more precise PCEs to the mountain ranges inhabited by Peninsular
bighorn sheep allowed us to fine tune the proposed revision to those
areas containing preferred habitat for sheep use, and removing those
areas unlikely to be used by Peninsular bighorn sheep.
    (3) Approximately 29,924 ac (12,110 ha) of designated critical
habitat were vacated in the July 31, 2006, consent decree. A portion of
those acres are now within proposed revised critical habitat. Of the
13,213 ac (5,347 ha) of vacated Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians
Tribal lands, approximately 4,512 ac (1,826 ha) are now included in
this proposal. However, we are proposing to exclude all Tribal lands
from the final designation. Approximately 16,691 ac (6,756 ha) of
mining lands at Ocotillo Mineral Material Sites and Fish Canyon Quarry
property were vacated. In this proposed revision to critical habitat we
are including roughly 50 percent of those vacated lands; specifically,
we are including lands along the northernmost portion of the Ocotillo
Mineral Material Sites property and the middle to southern portion of
the Fish Canyon Quarry property. Both of these mining properties
contain actively mined lands, but also contain areas in which we have
recent documented use by Peninsular bighorn sheep and areas that meet
the criteria used to identify critical habitat as described above. The
Desert Riders lands vacated in the consent decree (approximately 20 ac
(8 ha)) are not included in this proposed revision.
    Our 2001 final critical habitat rule included the statement that
``* * *; we are not aware of any information suggesting that particular
areas within designated critical habitat are currently unsuitable or
unused over the generational timeframe needed for the long-term
conservation of bighorn sheep in the Peninsular Ranges'' (66 FR 8655).
However, we have reconsidered the information that was available to us
at the time of the 2001 designation in light of all the information
currently available to us, and we have determined that the methodology
used in this proposed revision, which utilized the best available
information, provides a more accurate and specific delineation of the
areas essential to the Peninsular bighorn sheep, than that relied upon
in the 2001 critical habitat designation.

Proposed Revisions to the Critical Habitat Designation

    We are proposing four units as critical habitat for the Peninsular
bighorn sheep. These units, which are almost entirely within the area
included in the 2001 designation, if finalized, would replace the
current critical habitat designation for the Peninsular bighorn sheep
at 50 CFR 17.95(a). The critical habitat areas we describe below
constitute our current best assessment of areas that meet the
definition of critical habitat for the Peninsular bighorn sheep. Table
1 shows the occupancy status of each unit being proposed as revised
critical habitat.

[[Page 57749]]



         Table 1.--Occupancy Status of Critical Habitat Units Proposed for the Peninsular Bighorn Sheep
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Occupied at time of                         Size of proposed revised critical
              Unit                      listing?       Currently occupied?    habitat unit in acres  (Hectares)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. San Jacinto Mts..............  Yes................  Yes................  15,273 (6,180 ha).
2A. N. Santa Rosa Mts...........  Yes................  Yes................  74,998 ac (30,350 ha).
2B. S. Santa Rosa Mts. south to   Yes................  Yes................  226,211 ac (91,545 ha).
 Vallecito Mts..
3. Carrizo Canyon...............  Yes................  Yes................  67,928 ac (27,489 ha).
                                                                           -------------------------------------
    Total.......................  ...................  ...................  384,410 ac (155,564 ha).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The four areas we propose as revised critical habitat are: (1) Unit
1--San Jacinto Mountains, (2) Unit 2A--North Santa Rosa Mountains, (3)
Unit 2B--South Santa Rosa Mountains south to Vallecito Mountains, and
(4) Unit 3--Carrizo Canyon.
    The approximate area of each proposed revised critical habitat unit
is shown in Table 2.

     Table 2.--Proposed Revised Critical Habitat Units for the Peninsular Bighorn Sheep With Land Ownership
               [Area estimates reflect all land within proposed critical habitat unit boundaries]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      Size of proposed revised critical habitat
         Critical habitat unit             Land ownership by type              unit in acres (Hectares)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. San Jacinto Mts.....................  Tribal \1\................  4,512 ac (1,826 ha).
                                         BLM \2\...................  3,757 ac (1,520 ha).
                                         USFS \3\..................  1,266 ac (512 ha).
                                         Private...................  5,738 ac (2,322 ha).
                                        ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Subtotal..................  15,273 ac (6,180 ha).
                                                                    --------------------------------------------
2A. N. Santa Rosa Mts..................  BLM.......................  44,669 ac (18,077 ha).
                                         State \4\.................  16,856 ac (6,821 ha).
                                         Private...................  13,473 ac (5,452 ha).
                                        ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Subtotal..................  74,998 ac (30,350 ha).
                                                                    --------------------------------------------
2B. S. Santa Rosa Mts. south to          BLM.......................  16,266 ac (6,583 ha).
 Vallecito Mts..
                                         State \5\.................  197,509 ac (79,929 ha).
                                         Private...................  12,436 ac (5,033 ha).
                                        ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Subtotal..................  226,211 ac (91,545 ha).
                                                                    --------------------------------------------
3. Carrizo Canyon......................  BLM.......................  27,762 ac (11,235 ha).
                                         State \6\.................  35,475 ac (14,356 ha).
                                         Private...................  4,177 ac (1,690 ha).
                                         Local \7\.................  514 ac (208 ha).
                                        ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Subtotal..................  67,928 ac (27,489 ha).
                                                                    --------------------------------------------
        Total..........................  ..........................  384,410 ac (155,564 ha).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1--Tribal = Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Reservation and Tribal Lands
2--BLM = Bureau of Land Management
3--USFS = United States Forest Service
4--State = California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) and California State Lands Commission (CSLC)
5--State = CDFG, CSLC, and California Department of Parks and Recreation (CDPR)
6--State = CDPR
7--Local = City/County Park

    We present brief descriptions of all units and reasons why they
meet the definition of critical habitat for the Peninsular bighorn
sheep below.

Unit 1: San Jacinto Mountains

    Unit 1 consists of approximately 15,273 ac (6,180 ha) in the San
Jacinto Mountains, Riverside County. Unit 1 is generally located within
an area bounded on the east by the city of Palm Springs; bounded on the
north by Windy Point and Snow Canyon; and that extends south to the
northern Palm Canyon area. Land ownership within the unit includes
approximately 4,512 ac (1,826 ha) of Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla
Indians Tribal land; 3,757 ac (1,520 ha) of BLM land; 1,266 ac (512 ha)
of USFS land; and 5,738 ac (2,322 ha) of private land (Table 2).
    Unit 1 begins at a low elevation of about 450 ft (137 m) on the
eastern slope and rises to about 4,600 ft (1,400 m) to the west. It is
the northernmost unit proposed as revised critical habitat for the
Peninsular bighorn sheep. This unit was occupied at the time of listing
and is currently occupied (Table 1). Habitat in this unit contains
features that are essential to the conservation of the Peninsular
bighorn sheep including a

[[Page 57750]]

range of vegetation types (PCE 2), foraging and watering areas
including alluvial fans (PCE 4 and 5), and steep to very steep, rocky
terrain with elevations and slopes that provide for sheltering,
lambing, mating, movement among and between ewe groups (PCE 1), and
predator evasion (PCE 3).
    The PCEs in Unit 1 may require special management considerations or
protection to ameliorate the threats of urban and industrial
development, particularly in lower elevation areas, and to decrease the
direct and indirect effects of human disturbance to the Peninsular
bighorn sheep and its habitat, due to the proximity of this unit to the
Palms Springs area. Please see the ``Special Management Considerations
or Protection'' section of this proposed rule for a detailed discussion
of the threats to Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat and potential
management considerations.
    This unit includes approximately 4,512 ac (1,826 ha) of Agua
Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians (Tribe) tribal lands supporting
essential Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat. We are proposing to exclude
these lands from the final designation. The designation of critical
habitat would be expected to adversely impact our working relationship
with the Tribe and we believe that Federal regulation through critical
habitat designation would be viewed as an unwarranted and unwanted
intrusion into tribal natural resource programs. Furthermore, these
approximately 4,512 ac (1,826 ha) of Tribal land are currently managed
by the Tribe in a manner that provides some conservation benefits to
the Peninsular bighorn sheep, and are also within the plan area of the
draft Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal Habitat
Conservation Plan (Tribal HCP) (see ``Proposed Exclusion of Agua
Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal Lands Under Section 4(b)(2) of
the Act'' for a detailed discussion).
    This unit also includes lands within the plan area for the draft
Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP). We
are considering the possible exclusion of approximately 5,738 ac (2,322
ha) of private land from the final critical habitat designation based
on benefits provided to the Peninsular bighorn sheep and its PCEs by
the MSCHP, which is in draft form and under review by the Service (see
``Lands Covered by Management Plans `` Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2)
of the Act'' for a detailed discussion).

Unit 2A: North Santa Rosa Mountains

    Unit 2A consists of approximately 74,998 ac (30,350 ha) in the
northern Santa Rosa Mountains, Riverside County. Unit 2A is generally
located on the east-facing slopes of the northern Santa Rosa Mountains,
is loosely bounded on the east by communities of the northern Coachella
Valley, and extends from the Rancho Mirage area in the north to
Martinez Canyon in the south. Land ownership within the unit includes
approximately 44,669 ac (18,077 ha) of BLM land; 16,856 ac (6,821 ha)
of land owned by the State of California; and 13,473 ac (5,452 ha) of
private land (Table 2).
    Unit 2A begins at a low elevation of about 50 ft (15 m) on the
eastern slope and rises to about 4,600 ft (1,400 m) to the west. This
unit was occupied at the time of listing and is currently occupied
(Table 1). Habitat in this unit contains features that are essential to
the conservation of the Peninsular bighorn sheep including a range of
vegetation types (PCE 2), foraging and watering areas including
alluvial fans (PCE 4 and 5), and steep to very steep, rocky terrain
with elevations and slopes that provide for sheltering, lambing,
mating, movement among and between ewe groups (PCE 1), and predator
evasion (PCE 3).
    The PCEs in Unit 2A may require special management considerations
or protection to ameliorate the threats of urban, industrial, and
agricultural development, and to decrease the direct and indirect
effects of human disturbance to Peninsular bighorn sheep and its
habitat, due to the proximity of this unit to the highly developed
northern Coachella Valley. Additionally, the PCEs in this unit may
require special management considerations or protection to alleviate
threats to Peninsular bighorn sheep and its habitat associated with
roadways; State Route 74 cuts through the midsection of this unit and
may impede movement between ewe groups. Please see the ``Special
Management Considerations or Protection'' section of this proposed rule
for a detailed discussion of the threats to Peninsular bighorn sheep
habitat and potential management considerations.
    This unit includes lands that are within the plan area for the
draft Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan
(MSHCP). We are considering the possible exclusion of approximately
13,473 ac (5,452 ha) of private land in Unit 2A from the final critical
habitat designation based on benefits provided to the Peninsular
bighorn sheep habitat under this plan, which is in draft form and under
review by the Service (see ``Areas Considered for Exclusion Under
Section 4(b)(2) of the Act'' for a detailed discussion).

Unit 2B: South Santa Rosa Mountains south to Vallecito Mountains

    Unit 2B consists of approximately 226,211 ac (91,545 ha) in the
southern Santa Rosa Mountains, Coyote Canyon, San Ysidro Mountains,
Pinyon Mountains, and Vallecito Mountains, in Riverside, San Diego, and
Imperial counties. Unit 2B is generally located on the east-facing
slopes of the above ranges; it is loosely bounded on the east by the
Coachella Valley floor and extends from the southern Santa Rosa
Mountains in the north to the Fish Creek Mountains in the south. Land
ownership within the unit includes approximately 16,266 ac (6,583 ha)
of BLM land; 197,509 ac (79,929 ha) of land owned by the State of
California; and 12,436 ac (5,033 ha) of private land (Table 2).
Portions of the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park occur within this unit.
    Unit 2B begins at a low elevation of about 150 ft (45 m) on the
eastern slope and rises to about 4,600 ft (1,400 m) to the west. This
unit was occupied at the time of listing and is currently occupied
(Table 1). Habitat in this unit contains features that are essential to
the conservation of the Peninsular bighorn sheep including a range of
vegetation types (PCE 2), foraging and watering areas including
alluvial fans (PCE 4 and 5), and steep to very steep, rocky terrain
with elevations and slopes that provide for sheltering, lambing,
mating, movement among and between ewe groups (PCE 1), and predator
evasion (PCE 3).
    The PCEs in Unit 2B may require special management considerations
or protection to ameliorate the threats of urban, industrial, and
agricultural development due to the proximity of this unit to the
Coachella Valley, especially the lower elevation areas in the
northeastern portions of this unit. Additionally, the PCEs in this unit
may require special management considerations or protection to decrease
the direct and indirect effects of human disturbance to Peninsular
bighorn sheep and its habitat due to recreational activity. Most of
this unit includes lands within Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, which
is open to recreation activities. Furthermore, the PCEs in this unit
may require special management considerations or protection to
alleviate threats to Peninsular bighorn sheep and its habitat
associated with State Route 78, which cuts through the southern portion
of this unit and may impede movement between ewe groups, and mining
operations at Fish Canyon Quarry. Please see the ``Special Management
Considerations or Protection'' section of this proposed rule

[[Page 57751]]

for a detailed discussion of the threats to Peninsular bighorn sheep
habitat and potential management considerations.

Unit 3: Carrizo Canyon

    Unit 3 consists of approximately 67,928 ac (27,489 ha) in the
Carrizo Canyon area, in San Diego and Imperial counties. Unit 3 is
generally located in Carrizo Canyon and the surrounding In-Ko-Pah
Mountains, Jacumba Mountains, Coyote Mountains, and Tierra Blanca
Mountains; it is loosely bounded on the north, east, and west by the
Coachella Valley floor. Land ownership within the unit includes
approximately 27,762 ac (11,235 ha) of BLM land; 35,475 ac (14,356 ha)
of land owned by the State of California; 4,177 ac (1,690 ha) of
private land; and 514 ac (208 ha) of local park land (Table 2).
Portions of the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park occur within this unit.
    Unit 3 begins at a low elevation of about 400 ft (122 m) on the
eastern slope and rises to about 4,600 ft (1,400 m) to the west. This
unit was occupied at the time of listing and is currently occupied
(Table 1). Habitat in this unit contains features that are essential to
the conservation of the Peninsular bighorn sheep including a range of
vegetation types (PCE 2), foraging and watering areas including
alluvial fans (PCE 4 and 5), and steep to very steep, rocky terrain
with elevations and slopes that provide for sheltering, lambing,
mating, movement among and between ewe groups (PCE 1), and predator
evasion (PCE 3).
    The PCEs in Unit 3 may require special management considerations or
protection to decrease the direct and indirect effects of human
disturbance due to recreational activity to Peninsular bighorn sheep
and its habitat. Most of this unit occurs within the Anza-Borrego
Desert State Park, which is open to recreation activities. The PCEs in
Unit 3 may also require special management considerations or protection
to protect Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat from mining operations at
Ocotillo Mineral Material Site. Please see the ``Special Management
Considerations or Protection'' section of this proposed rule for a
detailed discussion of the threats to Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat
and potential management considerations.
    Table 3 provides approximate areas (ac, ha) of lands that meet the
definition of critical habitat but that we are proposing to exclude
from the final revised critical habitat designation. Table 3 also
provides reasons for the proposed exclusions.

                             Table 3.--Proposed Exclusions by Critical Habitat Unit
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                           Area meeting the
                                                          Reason for         definition of     Area proposed for
              Unit                     Statutory           proposal        critical habitat   exclusion in acres
                                                           exclusion           in acres            (Hectares)
                                                                              (Hectares)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. San Jacinto Mts.               4(b)(2)...........  Government-to-      4,512 ac (1,826     4,512 ac (1,826
                                                       Government          ha)                 ha).
                                                       Relationship \1\
                                                                                             -------------------
    Total.......................  ..................  ..................  ..................  4,512 ac (1,826
                                                                                               ha).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Government-to-Government Relationship = Secretarial Order 3206, `` American Indian Tribal Rights, Federal
  Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and the Endangered Species Act'' (June 5, 1997); the President's memorandum of
  April 29, 1994, `` Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal Governments'' (59 FR 22951);
  Executive Order 13175; and the relevantprovision of the Departmental Manual of the Department of the Interior
  (512 DM 2).

Effects of Critical Habitat Designation

Section 7 Consultation

    Section 7(a)(2) of the Act requires Federal agencies, including the
Service, to ensure that actions they fund, authorize, or carry out are
not likely to destroy or adversely modify critical habitat. Decisions
by the 5th and 9th Circuit Court of Appeals have invalidated our
definition of ``destruction or adverse modification'' (50 CFR 402.02)
(see Gifford Pinchot Task Force v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 378
F. 3d 1059 (9th Cir. 2004) and Sierra Club v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service et al., 245 F.3d 434, 442 (5th Cir. 2001)), and we do not rely
on this regulatory definition when analyzing whether an action is
likely to destroy or adversely modify critical habitat. Under the
statutory provisions of the Act, we determine destruction or adverse
modification on the basis of whether, with implementation of the
proposed Federal action, the affected critical habitat would remain
functional (or retain the current ability for the PCEs to be
functionally established) to serve its intended conservation role for
the species.
    Section 7(a)(4) of the Act requires Federal agencies to confer with
us on any action that is likely to jeopardize the continued existence
of a species proposed for listing or result in destruction or adverse
modification of proposed critical habitat. This is a procedural
requirement only, as any conservation recommendations in a conference
report or opinion are strictly advisory. However, once a species
proposed for listing becomes listed, or proposed critical habitat is
designated as final, the full prohibitions of section 7(a)(2) apply to
any discretionary Federal action.
    The primary utility of the conference procedures is to allow a
Federal agency to maximize its opportunity to adequately consider
species proposed for listing and proposed critical habitat and to avoid
potential delays in implementing their proposed action because of the
section 7(a)(2) compliance process, if we list those species or
designate critical habitat. We may conduct conferences either
informally or formally. We typically use informal conferences as a
means of providing advisory conservation recommendations to assist the
agency in eliminating conflicts that the proposed action may cause. We
typically use formal conferences when we or the Federal agency believes
the proposed action is likely to jeopardize the continued existence of
the species proposed for listing or adversely modify proposed critical
habitat.
    We generally provide the results of an informal conference in a
conference report, while we provide the results of a formal conference
in a conference opinion. We typically prepare conference opinions on
proposed species or critical habitat in accordance with procedures
contained at 50 CFR 402.14, as if the proposed species were already
listed or the proposed critical habitat was already designated. We may
adopt the conference opinion as the biological opinion when the species
is listed or the critical habitat is designated, if no substantial new
information or changes in the action alter the content of the opinion
(see 50 CFR 402.10(d)).

[[Page 57752]]

    If a species is listed or critical habitat is designated, section
7(a)(2) of the Act requires Federal agencies to ensure that activities
they authorize, fund, or carry out are not likely to jeopardize the
continued existence of the species or to destroy or adversely modify
its critical habitat. If a Federal action may affect a listed species
or its critical habitat, the responsible Federal agency (action agency)
must enter into consultation with us. As a result of this consultation,
we document compliance with the requirements of section 7(a)(2) through
our issuance of:
    (1) A concurrence letter for Federal actions that may affect, but
are not likely to adversely affect, listed species or critical habitat;
or
    (2) A biological opinion for Federal actions that may affect, and
are likely to adversely affect, listed species or critical habitat.
    When we issue a biological opinion concluding that a project is
likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species or
destroy or adversely modify critical habitat, we also provide
reasonable and prudent alternatives to the project, if any are
identifiable. We define ``Reasonable and prudent alternatives'' at 50
CFR 402.02 as alternative actions identified during consultation that:
    • Can be implemented in a manner consistent with the
intended purpose of the action,
    • Can be implemented consistent with the scope of the
Federal agency's legal authority and jurisdiction,
    • Are economically and technologically feasible, and
    • Would, in the Director's opinion, avoid jeopardizing the
continued existence of the listed species or destroying or adversely
modifying critical habitat.
    Reasonable and prudent alternatives can vary from slight project
modifications to extensive redesign or relocation of the project. Costs
associated with implementing a reasonable and prudent alternative are
similarly variable.
    Regulations at 50 CFR 402.16 require Federal agencies to reinitiate
consultation on previously reviewed actions in instances where we have
listed a new species or subsequently designated critical habitat that
may be affected and the Federal agency has retained discretionary
involvement or control over the action (or the agency's discretionary
involvement or control is authorized by law). Consequently, Federal
agencies may sometimes need to request reinitiation of consultation
with us on actions for which formal consultation has been completed, if
those actions with discretionary involvement or control may affect
subsequently listed species or designated critical habitat.
    Federal activities that may affect the Peninsular bighorn sheep or
its designated critical habitat require section 7(a)(2) consultation
under the Act. Activities on State, Tribal, local, or private lands
requiring a Federal permit (such as a permit from the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers under section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251
et seq.) or a permit from us under section 10 of the Act) or involving
some other Federal action (such as funding from the Federal Highway
Administration, Federal Aviation Administration, or the Federal
Emergency Management Agency) are subject to the section 7(a)(2)
consultation process. Federal actions not affecting listed species or
critical habitat, and actions on State, Tribal, local, or private lands
that are not federally funded, authorized, or permitted, do not require
section 7(a)(2) consultations.

Application of the ``Adverse Modification'' Standard

    The key factor related to the adverse modification determination is
whether, with implementation of the proposed Federal action, the
affected critical habitat would continue to serve its intended
conservation role for the species, or would retain its current ability
for the primary constituent elements to be functionally established.
Activities that may destroy or adversely modify critical habitat are
those that alter the PCEs to an extent that appreciably reduces the
conservation value of critical habitat for the Peninsular bighorn
sheep. Generally, the conservation role of the Peninsular bighorn sheep
critical habitat units is to support viable core area populations.
    Section 4(b)(8) of the Act requires us to briefly evaluate and
describe, in any proposed or final regulation that designates critical
habitat, activities involving a Federal action that may destroy or
adversely modify such habitat, or that may be affected by such
designation.
    Activities that, when carried out, funded, or authorized by a
Federal agency, may affect critical habitat and therefore should result
in consultation for the Peninsular bighorn sheep include, but are not
limited to:
    (1) Actions that would significantly reduce ongoing management and
conservation efforts that benefit the Peninsular bighorn sheep on
public lands. Such activities could include, but are not limited to,
the sale, exchange, or lease of lands managed by BLM or other Federal
agencies, and the State of California. These activities could reduce
the amount of space that is available for individual and population
growth and normal behavior, as well as reduce or eliminate the number
and extent of sites for foraging, watering, breeding, reproduction, and
rearing of offspring. These activities could also reduce the
opportunities available to Federal agencies to exercise their section
7(a)(1) responsibilities to carry out programs to conserve listed
species.
    (2) Actions that would significantly reduce the availability of or
accessibility to seasonal ranges. Such activities could include, but
are not limited to, grazing, mining, and power line and road
construction activities. These activities could degrade, reduce,
fragment, or eliminate available foraging resources or alter current
foraging activities of Peninsular bighorn sheep.
    (3) Actions that would result in the significant expansion of dense
vegetation communities within Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat. Such
activities could include, but are not limited to, fire suppression.
These activities could allow expansion of vegetation cover such that
movement patterns of bighorn sheep are altered by avoidance of these
areas. Tall, dense vegetation decreases visibility for bighorn sheep
and provides cover for predators such as the mountain lion, a common
predator of Peninsular bighorn sheep.
    (4) Actions that would create significant barriers to movement.
Such activities could include, but are not limited to, road
construction, residential development, and resort or campground
facility development or expansion. These activities could interfere
with movement within and between habitats, thereby reducing the
availability of habitat for foraging, watering, breeding, reproduction,
sheltering, and rearing of offspring. These activities could also
reduce opportunities for movement between existing populations,
dispersal, and genetic interchange between ewe groups.
    (5) Actions that would significantly degrade habitat or cause a
disturbance to Peninsular bighorn sheep. Such activities could include,
but are not limited to, recreational activities, such as off-road
vehicle use, hiking, camping, rock climbing, horseback riding, and
outfitter guided activities. These activities could displace animals
from foraging areas, water sources, and escape terrain, and could
impact the quality and quantity of forage.

[[Page 57753]]

Exemptions and Exclusions
Application of Section 4(b)(2) of the Act
    Section 4(b)(2) of the Act states that the Secretary must designate
and revise critical habitat on the basis of the best available
scientific data after taking into consideration the economic impact,
impact on national security, and any other relevant impact of
specifying any particular area as critical habitat. The Secretary may
exclude an area from critical habitat if he determines that the
benefits of such exclusion outweigh the benefits of specifying such
area as part of the critical habitat, unless he determines, based on
the best scientific data available, that the failure to designate such
area as critical habitat will result in the extinction of the species.
In making that determination, the legislative history is clear that the
Secretary has broad discretion regarding which factor(s) to use and how
much weight to give to any factor.
    Under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, in considering whether to exclude
a particular area from the designation, we must identify the benefits
of including the area in the designation, identify the benefits of
excluding the area from the designation, and determine whether the
benefits of exclusion outweigh the benefits of inclusion. If we
consider an exclusion we must determine whether excluding the area
would result in the extinction of the species.
    In the following sections, we address a number of general issues
that are relevant to the exclusions we are considering. In addition, we
are conducting an economic analysis of the impacts of the proposed
critical habitat designation, which will be available for public review
and comment when it is complete. Based on public comment on that
document, the proposed designation itself, and the information in the
final economic analysis, the Secretary may exclude from critical
habitat additional areas beyond those identified in this assessment
under the provisions of section 4(b)(2) of the Act. This is also
addressed in our implementing regulations at 50 CFR 424.19.

Benefits of Designating Critical Habitat

    The process of designating critical habitat as described in the Act
requires that the Service identify those lands on which are found the
physical or biological features essential to the conservation of the
species that may require special management considerations or
protection, and those areas outside the geographical area occupied by
the species at the time of listing that are essential to the
conservation of the species. In identifying those lands, the Service
must consider the recovery needs of the species, such that, on the
basis of the best scientific and commercial data available at the time
of designation, the habitat that is identified, if managed, could
provide for the survival and recovery of the species.
    The identification of those areas that are essential for the
conservation of the species and can, if managed, provide for the
recovery of a species is beneficial. The process of proposing and
finalizing a critical habitat rule provides the Service with the
opportunity to determine the features or PCEs essential for
conservation of the species within the geographical area occupied by
the species at the time of listing, as well as to determine other areas
essential to the conservation of the species. The designation process
includes peer review and public comment on the identified features and
areas. This process is valuable to land owners and managers in
developing conservation management plans for identified areas, as well
as any other occupied habitat or suitable habitat that may not have
been included in the Service's determination of essential habitat.
    The consultation provisions under section 7(a) of the Act
constitute the regulatory benefits of critical habitat. As discussed
above, Federal agencies must consult with us on actions that may affect
critical habitat and must avoid destroying or adversely modifying
critical habitat. Federal agencies must also consult with us on actions
that may affect a listed species and refrain from undertaking actions
that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of such species.
The analysis of effects to critical habitat is a separate and different
analysis from that of the effects to the species. Therefore, the
difference in outcomes of these two analyses represents the regulatory
benefit of critical habitat. For some species, and in some locations,
the outcome of these analyses will be similar, because effects on
habitat will often result in effects on the species. However, the
regulatory standard is different: the jeopardy analysis looks at the
action's impact on survival and recovery of the species, while the
adverse modification analysis looks at the action's effects on the
designated habitat's contribution to the species' conservation. This
will, in many instances, lead to different results and different
regulatory requirements.
    For 30 years prior to the Ninth Circuit's decision in Gifford
Pinchot, consistent with the 1986 regulations, we essentially combined
the jeopardy standard with the standard for destruction or adverse
modification of critical habitat when evaluating Federal actions that
affected currently occupied critical habitat. However, the court of
appeals ruled that the two standards are distinct and that adverse
modification evaluations require consideration of impacts on species
recovery. Thus, critical habitat designations may provide greater
regulatory benefits to the recovery of a species than would listing
alone.
    There are two limitations to the regulatory effect of critical
habitat. First, a section 7(a)(2) consultation is required only where
there is a Federal nexus (an action authorized, funded, or carried out
by any Federal agency)--if there is no Federal nexus, the critical
habitat designation of private lands itself does not restrict any
actions that destroy or adversely modify critical habitat. Second, the
designation only limits destruction or adverse modification. By its
nature, the prohibition on adverse modification is designed to ensure
that the conservation role and function of those areas that contain the
physical and biological features essential to the conservation of the
species or of unoccupied areas that are essential to the conservation
of the species is not appreciably reduced. Critical habitat designation
alone, however, does not require property owners to undertake specific
steps toward recovery of the species.
    Once an agency determines that consultation under section 7(a)(2)
of the Act is necessary, the process may conclude informally when we
concur in writing that the proposed Federal action is not likely to
adversely affect critical habitat. However, if we determine through
informal consultation that adverse impacts are likely to occur, then we
would initiate formal consultation, which would conclude when we issue
a biological opinion on whether the proposed Federal action is likely
to result in destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat.
    For critical habitat, a biological opinion that concludes in a
determination of no destruction or adverse modification may contain
discretionary conservation recommendations to minimize adverse effects
to primary constituent elements, but it would not suggest the
implementation of any reasonable and prudent alternative. We suggest
reasonable and prudent alternatives to the proposed Federal action only
when our biological opinion results in an adverse modification
conclusion.
    As stated above, the designation of critical habitat does not
require that any management or recovery actions take

[[Page 57754]]

place on the lands included in the designation. Even in cases where
consultation has been initiated under section 7(a)(2) of the Act, the
end result of consultation is to avoid jeopardy to the species and/or
adverse modification of its critical habitat, but not specifically to
manage remaining lands or institute recovery actions on remaining
lands. Conversely, voluntary conservation efforts implemented through
management plans institute proactive actions over the lands they
encompass and are put in place to remove or reduce known threats to a
species or its habitat; therefore, implementing recovery actions. We
believe that in many instances the benefit to a species and/or its
habitat realized through the designation of critical habitat is low
when compared to the conservation benefit that can be achieved through
voluntary conservation efforts or management plans. The conservation
achieved through implementing HCPs or other habitat management plans
can be greater than what we achieve through multiple site-by-site,
project-by-project, section 7(a)(2) consultations involving
consideration of critical habitat. Management plans may commit
resources to implement long-term management and protection to
particular habitat for at least one and possibly additional listed or
sensitive species. Section 7(a)(2) consultations commit Federal
agencies to preventing adverse modification of critical habitat caused
by the particular project only, and not to providing conservation or
long-term benefits to areas not affected by the proposed project. Thus,
implementation of any HCP or management plan that considers enhancement
or recovery as the management standard may often provide as much or
more benefit than a consultation for critical habitat designation.
    Another benefit of including lands in critical habitat is that
designation of critical habitat serves to educate landowners, State and
local governments, and the public regarding the potential conservation
value of an area. This helps focus and promote conservation efforts by
other parties by clearly delineating areas of high conservation value
for the Peninsular bighorn sheep. In general, critical habitat
designation always has educational benefits; however, in some cases,
they may be redundant with other educational effects. For example, HCPs
have significant public input and may largely duplicate the educational
benefits of a critical habitat designation. Including lands in critical
habitat also would inform State agencies and local governments about
areas that could be conserved under State laws or local ordinances.

Conservation Partnerships on Non-Federal Lands

    Most federally listed species in the United States will not recover
without cooperation of non-Federal landowners. More than 60 percent of
the United States is privately owned (National Wilderness Institute
1995, p. 2), and at least 80 percent of endangered or threatened
species occur either partially or solely on private lands (Crouse et
al. 2002, p. 720). Stein et al. (1995, p. 400) found that only about 12
percent of listed species were found almost exclusively on Federal
lands (90 to 100 percent of their known occurrences restricted to
Federal lands) and that 50 percent of federally listed species are not
known to occur on Federal lands at all.
    Given the distribution of listed species with respect to land
ownership, conservation of listed species in many parts of the United
States is dependent upon working partnerships with a wide variety of
entities and the voluntary cooperation of many non-Federal landowners
(Wilcove and Chen 1998, p. 1407; Crouse et al. 2002, p. 720; James
2002, p. 271). Building partnerships and promoting voluntary
cooperation of landowners are essential to our understanding the status
of species on non-Federal lands, and necessary for us to implement
recovery actions such as reintroducing listed species and restoring and
protecting habitat.
    Many non-Federal landowners derive satisfaction from contributing
to endangered species recovery. We promote these private-sector efforts
through the Department of the Interior's Cooperative Conservation
philosophy. Conservation agreements with non-Federal landowners (HCPs,
safe harbor agreements, other conservation agreements, easements, and
State and local regulations) enhance species conservation by extending
species protections beyond those available through section 7
consultations. In the past decade, we have encouraged non-Federal
landowners to enter into conservation agreements, based on the view
that we can achieve greater species conservation on non-Federal land
through such partnerships than we can through regulatory methods (61 FR
63854; December 2, 1996).
    Many private landowners, however, are wary of the possible
consequences of attracting endangered species to their property.
Mounting evidence suggests that some regulatory actions by the Federal
Government, while well-intentioned and required by law, can (under
certain circumstances) have unintended negative consequences for the
conservation of species on private lands (Wilcove et al. 1996, pp. 5-6;
Bean 2002, pp. 2-3; Conner and Mathews 2002, pp. 1-2; James 2002, pp.
270-271; Koch 2002, pp. 2-3; Brook et al. 2003, pp. 1639-1643). Many
landowners fear a decline in their property value due to real or
perceived restrictions on land-use options where threatened or
endangered species are found. Consequently, harboring endangered
species is viewed by many landowners as a liability. This perception
results in anti-conservation incentives because maintaining habitats
that harbor endangered species represents a risk to future economic
opportunities (Main et al. 1999, pp. 1264-1265; Brook et al. 2003, pp.
1644-1648).
    According to some researchers, the designation of critical habitat
on private lands significantly reduces the likelihood that landowners
will support and carry out conservation actions (Main et al. 1999, p.
1263; Bean 2002, p. 2; Brook et al. 2003, pp. 1644-1648). The magnitude
of this outcome is greatly amplified in situations where active
management measures (such as reintroduction, fire management, and
control of invasive species) are necessary for species conservation
(Bean 2002, pp. 3-4). We believe that the judicious use of excluding
specific areas of non-federally owned lands from critical habitat
designations can contribute to species recovery and provide a superior
level of conservation than critical habitat alone.
    The purpose of designating critical habitat is to contribute to the
conservation of threatened and endangered species and the ecosystems
upon which they depend. The outcome of the designation, triggering
regulatory requirements for actions funded, authorized, or carried out
by Federal agencies under section 7(a)(2) of the Act, can sometimes be
counterproductive to its intended purpose on non-Federal lands. Thus
the benefits of excluding areas that are covered by effective
partnerships or other conservation commitments can often be high.

Benefits of Excluding Lands With Approved Management Plans

    The benefits of excluding lands within approved long-term
management plans (including HCPs) from critical habitat designation
include relieving landowners, communities, and counties of any
additional regulatory burden that

[[Page 57755]]

might be imposed by critical habitat. Many conservation plans provide
conservation benefits not only to listed species, but to unlisted
sensitive species as well, resulting in enhanced ecosystem management.
Imposing an additional regulatory review as a result of the designation
of critical habitat may undermine conservation efforts and partnerships
in many areas. Designation of critical habitat within the boundaries of
management plans that provide conservation measures for a species could
be viewed as a disincentive to entities currently developing these
plans or contemplating them in the future, because one of the
incentives for undertaking conservation is greater ease of permitting
where listed species will be affected. Addition of a new regulatory
requirement would remove a significant incentive for undertaking the
time and expense of management planning.
    A related benefit of excluding lands within management plans from
critical habitat designation is the unhindered, continued ability it
gives us to seek new partnerships with future plan participants,
including States, counties, local jurisdictions, conservation
organizations, and private landowners, which together can implement
conservation actions that we would be unable to accomplish otherwise.
Designating lands within approved management plan areas as critical
habitat would likely have a negative effect on our ability to establish
new partnerships to develop these plans, particularly plans that
address landscape-level conservation of species and habitats. By
preemptively excluding these lands, we preserve our current
partnerships and encourage additional conservation actions in the
future.
    Furthermore, both HCP and Natural Community Conservation Plan
(NCCP)-HCP applications require consultation, which would review the
effects of all HCP-covered activities that might adversely impact the
species under a jeopardy standard, including possibly significant
habitat modification (see definition of ``harm'' at 50 CFR 17.3), even
without the critical habitat designation. In addition, Federal actions
occurring within the plan area that may affect listed species would
still require consultation under section 7(a)(2) of the Act, and we
would review these actions for possibly significant habitat
modification, in accordance with the definition of harm referenced
above.
    The information provided in the previous sections applies to all
the following discussions of the benefits of inclusion and exclusion of
critical habitat.

Areas Considered For Exclusion Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act

    We are proposing to exclude Tribal lands in Unit 1 in consideration
of Secretarial Order 3206, ``American Indian Tribal Rights, Federal
Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and the Endangered Species Act'' (June
5, 1997); the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994, ````Government-
to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal Governments'' (59
FR 22951); Executive Order 13175; and the relevant provision of the
Departmental Manual of the Department of the Interior (512 DM 2).
Furthermore, we are evaluating and considering the possible exclusion
of private lands in Unit 1 and 2A, which are covered under the draft
Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP),
under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, and may exclude them from the final
revised critical habitat designation for the Peninsular bighorn sheep.
With regard to the draft Coachella Valley MSHCP plan area, we are only
considering private lands for exclusion at this time, while also
soliciting comment on the appropriateness of excluding CDFG and BLM
lands as Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) partners to the MSHCP. We
are considering the possible exclusion of the areas covered by the
draft MSHCP because we believe when the plan is finalized that:
    (1) The lands' value for conservation will be preserved for the
foreseeable future by existing protective actions, and
    (2) They are appropriate for exclusion under the ``other relevant
factor'' provisions of section 4(b)(2) of the Act.
    We specifically solicit comments on the inclusion or exclusion of
these areas. In the paragraphs below, we provide a detailed analysis
for consideration of exclusion of these lands under section 4(b)(2) of
the Act.

Proposed Exclusion of Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal
Lands Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act--American Indian Tribal Rights,
Federal-Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and the Endangered Species Act

    In accordance with the Secretarial Order 3206, ``American Indian
Tribal Rights, Federal-Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and the
Endangered Species Act'' (June 5, 1997); the President's memorandum of
April 29, 1994, ``Government-to-Government Relations with Native
American Tribal Governments'' (59 FR 22951); Executive Order 13175; and
the relevant provision of the Departmental Manual of the Department of
the Interior (512 DM 2), we believe that fish, wildlife, and other
natural resources on Tribal lands are better managed under Tribal
authorities, policies, and programs than through Federal regulation
wherever possible and practicable. Based on this philosophy, we believe
that, in most cases, designation of tribal lands as critical habitat
provides very little additional benefit to threatened and endangered
species. Conversely, such designation is often viewed by tribes as
unwarranted and an unwanted intrusion into tribal self governance, thus
compromising the government-to-government relationship essential to
achieving our mutual goals of managing for healthy ecosystems upon
which the viability of threatened and endangered species populations
depend.
    We have determined that approximately 4,512 ac (1,826 ha) of tribal
land owned by the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians are essential
to the conservation of the Peninsular bighorn sheep, and are proposing
to exclude these lands under section 4(b)(2) of the Act. In making our
final decision with regard to these Tribal lands, we will be
considering several factors including our relationship with the Tribe,
the Tribe's current management of Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat, and
the Tribe's ongoing cooperation with us in the development of the Agua
Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal Habitat Conservation Plan
(Tribal HCP).
    The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians highly values its
wildlife and natural resources, and is charged to preserve and protect
these resources under the Tribal Constitution. Consequently, the Tribe
has long worked to manage the habitat of wildlife on its lands,
including the habitat of endangered and threatened species. The Tribe
currently implements a conservation strategy for the Peninsular bighorn
sheep to protect and manage bighorn sheep habitat on Tribal lands (as
set forth in the draft Tribal Habitat Conservation Plan adopted by the
Tribe on or about November 11, 2002). This conservation strategy
requires conservation of at least 85 percent of bighorn sheep habitat
identified by the Tribe on Tribal lands and 100 percent of bighorn
sheep use areas and habitat linkages identified by the Tribe on Tribal
lands. These management measures provide a substantial conservation
benefit to the subspecies.
    In addition, we are currently working with the Tribe to develop the
first Tribal multiple-species HCP in the United States. Through this
cooperative effort, the Tribe has demonstrated a sustained commitment
to manage its lands in a

[[Page 57756]]

manner consistent with the subspecies' conservation. We are currently
processing the Tribe's application for a section 10(a)(1)(B) permit
based on a revised draft Tribal Habitat Conservation Plan (2007), and
anticipate publishing a Notice of Availability for public review in the
Federal Register in October 2007.
    The Tribal HCP area will cover approximately 36,720 ac (14,860 ha)
of land, including approximately 4,512 ac (1,826 ha) in Unit 1. The
Tribe's goals for conservation of Peninsular bighorn sheep are: (1)
Conserving habitat within the Tribal HCP plan area (PCE 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5); (2) maintaining connectivity, preventing fragmentation, and
allowing movement within key linkage areas (PCE 1 and 4); and (3)
adaptively managing habitat quality and subpopulations/ewe groups to
alleviate threats in the Tribal HCP plan area (Tribal HCP 2007, p. 4-
8). Conservation objectives of the draft Tribal HCP for Peninsular
bighorn sheep include the following: (1) Ensure implementation of the
Tribal HCP is consistent with the recovery plan (Service 2000); (2)
conserve a minimum of 17,692 ac (7,160 ha) of habitat within the plan
area; (3) conserve 100 percent of Use Areas (areas defined by the
Tribal HCP to have high functional value); (4) conserve land necessary
to maintain linkages/connectivity; (5) minimize direct and indirect
impacts from Covered Activities by ensuring implementation of
development standards, including avoidance and minimization measures;
(6) minimize impacts from recreational activities; (7) alleviate threat
of disease transfer from livestock or nonnative wildlife; (8) monitor
population size and mortality rates; (9) fund or undertake additional
studies regarding this subspecies; (10) ensure management action
thresholds are routinely assessed; (11) implement adaptive management;
and (12) conserve habitat quality through plan implementation (Tribal
HCP 2007, p. 4-9).
    To aid in the public review of this proposed revised critical
habitat, we are providing maps of the areas that we are proposing to
exclude. Maps and GIS layers for areas proposed for exclusion are
available from the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES)
and on our Web site at http://www.fws.gov/Carlsbad.


The Benefits of Exclusion Outweigh the Benefits of Inclusion

    The general benefits of critical habitat described in the
``Benefits of Critical Habitat Designation'' section would apply to
habitat designated on Tribal lands. Activities occurring on Tribal
lands will generally involve a Federal nexus. However, as discussed
above, the Tribe is aware of the value of Tribal lands to the
conservation of the Peninsular bighorn sheep and currently implements
management measures that contribute to the conservation of the
subspecies and protect its essential habitat. Conservation measures
will continue to be implemented by the Tribe regardless of whether the
areas are designated as critical habitat. In light of this continued
commitment by the Tribe to manage its lands in a manner that promotes
the conservation of the Peninsular bighorn sheep, the designation of
critical habitat would provide minimal additional benefit to the
subspecies on these Tribal lands.
    The designation of critical habitat would be expected to adversely
impact our working relationship with the Tribe and we believe that
Federal regulation through critical habitat designation would be viewed
as an unwarranted and unwanted intrusion into tribal natural resource
programs. Our working relationship with the Tribe has been extremely
beneficial in implementing natural resource programs of mutual
interest. The benefits of excluding Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla
Indians Tribal lands from critical habitat include: (1) The advancement
of our Federal Indian Trust obligations and our deference to tribal
conservation and natural resource management plans for their lands and
resources, which includes the Peninsular bighorn sheep and other
Federal trust species; (2) the maintenance of effective working
relationships to promote the conservation of the Peninsular bighorn
sheep and its habitat; (3) the allowance for continued meaningful
collaboration and cooperation on Peninsular bighorn sheep management
and other resources of interest to the Federal government; and (4) the
provision of conservation benefits to desert ecosystems and a host of
species, including the Peninsular bighorn sheep and its habitat, that
might not otherwise occur.
    We believe that the Tribe should be the governmental entity to
manage and promote the conservation of the Peninsular bighorn sheep on
its lands. We recognize and endorse the Tribe's fundamental right to
provide for tribal resource management activities, including those
relating to Peninsular bighorn sheep. We have determined that the
identified benefits of excluding the Tribal lands from the critical
habitat designation outweigh the minimal benefits of inclusion, and are
proposing to exclude approximately 4,512 ac (1,826 ha) of Tribal lands
in Unit 1 from the final designation under section 4(b)(2) of the Act.

Exclusion Will Not Result in Extinction of the Species

    We have determined that the exclusion of approximately 4,512 ac
(1,826 ha) from the final designation of critical habitat for
Peninsular bighorn sheep will not result in the extinction of the
subspecies because the Tribe currently implements a conservation
strategy for the Peninsular bighorn sheep that requires conservation of
at least 85 percent of bighorn sheep habitat identified by the Tribe on
Tribal lands and 100 percent of bighorn sheep use areas and habitat
linkages identified by the Tribe on Tribal lands. In addition, working
cooperatively with us, the Tribe has made substantial progress in
developing its Tribal HCP. Through this cooperative effort, the Tribe
has demonstrated a sustained commitment to manage its lands in a manner
consistent with the subspecies' conservation. Furthermore, the area
proposed for exclusion is occupied by the Peninsular bighorn sheep, and
the jeopardy standard of section 7 and routine implementation of
conservation measures through the section 7 consultation process also
provide assurances that the subspecies will not go extinct. The
proposed exclusion of critical habitat leaves these protections
unchanged from those that would exist if the proposed excluded areas
were designated as critical habitat. Therefore, we have determined that
the exclusion of the Tribal lands will not result in the extinction of
the subspecies.

Lands Covered by Management Plans--Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2) of
the Act

    When performing the required analysis under section 4(b)(2) of the
Act, the existence of a management plan (HCPs as well as other types)
that considers enhancement or recovery of listed species as its
management standard is relevant to our weighing of the benefits of
inclusion of a particular area in the critical habitat designation. In
analyzing particular areas covered by management plans under section
4(b)(2) of the Act, we generally consider a number of factors including
the following:
    (1) Whether the plan is complete and provides the same or better
level of protection from adverse modification or destruction than that
provided through a consultation under section 7(a)(2) of the Act;
    (2) Whether there is a reasonable expectation that the conservation
management strategies and actions will

[[Page 57757]]

be implemented for the foreseeable future, based on past practices,
written guidance, or regulations; and
    (3) Whether the plan provides conservation strategies and measures
consistent with currently accepted principles of conservation biology.
Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP)
    We believe that the Coachella Valley MSHCP, when implemented, will
provide conservation strategies and measures consistent with the
conservation of the Peninsular bighorn sheep. We are confident that the
plan will be completed in the near future, and are considering the
exclusion of non-Federal lands covered by the plan that provide for the
conservation of the Peninsular bighorn sheep and its PCEs. We are
requesting comments on the benefit to the Peninsular bighorn sheep and
its PCEs from the conservation measures established by the Coachella
Valley MSHCP.
    The draft MSHCP has been in development from the mid-1990s to
present. The following entities signed an MOU (Planning Agreement) to
govern the preparation of the MSHCP: the Coachella Valley Association
of Governments (CVAG); Cities of Cathedral City, Coachella, Desert Hot
Springs, Indian Wells, Indio, La Quinta, Palm Desert, Palm Springs, and
Rancho Mirage; County of Riverside; Service; California Department of
Fish and Game; BLM; U.S. Forest Service; and National Park Service.
Subsequently, the California Department of Transportation, Coachella
Valley Water District, Imperial Irrigation District, Riverside County
Flood Control and Water Conservation District, Riverside County
Regional Parks and Open Space District, Riverside County Waste
Management District, California Department of Parks and Recreation, and
Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy decided to participate in
preparation of the MSHCP. The parties later amended the Planning
Agreement to also address the requirements of the Natural Community
Conservation Planning (NCCP) Act and prepared an NCCP pursuant to
California Fish and Game Code Section 2810. The Coachella Valley
Association of Governments, Coachella Valley Conservation Commission,
County of Riverside, Riverside County Flood Control and Water
Conservation District, Riverside County Regional Parks and Open Space
District, Riverside County Waste Resources Management District, City of
Cathedral City, City of Coachella, City of Indian Wells, City of Indio,
City of La Quinta, City of Palm Desert, City of Palm Springs, City of
Rancho Mirage, Coachella Valley Water District, Imperial Irrigation
District, Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy, California Department
of Transportation, and California Department of Parks and Recreation
have submitted an application to the Service for a section 10(a)(1)(B)
permit under the Act.
    The MSHCP area encompasses approximately 1.2 million ac (485,623
ha), of which 69,000 ac (27,923 ha) are Tribal lands and are not
included in the MSHCP, leaving a total of approximately 1.1 million ac
(445,154 ha) addressed by the MSHCP in Riverside County. BLM has been
an official participant in the draft Coachella Valley MSHCP planning
process and has committed, under their California Desert Conservation
Area Plan Amendment (CDCAPA), 95 percent of their public land base
within the conservation areas of the MSHCP to be managed consistent
with the Coachella Valley MSHCP once it is completed.
    CVAG has demonstrated a sustained commitment to develop the MSHCP
to comply with section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Act, the California
Endangered Species Act, and the State's NCCP program. On April 21,
2006, the Service published a notice of availability of the Final
Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR)
for the MSHCP (71 FR 20719). On March 30, 2007, the Service published a
notice of availability of a supplement to the Final EIS for the MSHCP
(72 FR 15148).
    The MSHCP adopted the Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat model
described in the 2000 recovery plan for this subspecies (Service 2000).
Accordingly, the MSHCP area includes 172,811 ac (69,934 ha) of modeled
Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat. These 172,811 ac (69,934 ha) include
the approximately 10,761 ac (4,354 ha) we are proposing in Unit 1 and
the approximately 74,998 ac (30,350 ha) we are proposing in Unit 2A.
The draft MSHCP proposes to ensure conservation of a minimum of 97
percent of all modeled habitat for Peninsular bighorn sheep as part of
the preferred alternative reserve design that includes large areas of
suitable habitat (CVAG 2007, p. 9-261). Approximately 78 percent of the
proposed conserved modeled habitat are within Existing Conservation
Lands and will be managed as part of the Reserve System (CVAG 2007, p.
9-261); the remaining 19 percent will also be conserved according to
the draft MSHCP (CVAG 2007, p. 9-261). Conservation objectives of this
draft MSHCP include: (1) Ensuring conservation of important habitat
(PCE 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5); (2) ensuring connectivity by preventing
fragmentation and maintaining biological corridors and linkages within
essential habitat to allow dispersal, provide for population
fluctuation, and enhance genetic diversity (PCE 1 and 4); and (3)
ensuring conservation of habitat quality through biological monitoring
and adaptive management (PCE 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) (CVAG 2007, p. 9-261).
    According to the draft MSHCP, disturbance to Peninsular bighorn
sheep with implementation of the plan is expected to be low because:
(1) Conserved habitat areas are large enough to maintain self-
sustaining populations of Peninsular bighorn sheep and incorporate key
habitat elements for the subspecies; (2) implementation of the MSHCP is
consistent with the recovery strategy delineated in the 2000 recovery
plan; (3) implementation of the conservation objectives to protect
habitat for this subspecies will provide connectivity; and (4) lands in
the MSHCP reserve system would be managed and monitored to address
significant edge effect problems, human disturbance, fragmentation,
impacts from exotic species, and other stressors to Peninsular bighorn
sheep (CVAG 2007, p. 9-261).
    Although not yet completed and implemented, CVAG has made
significant progress in the development of its MSHCP to meet the
requirements outlined in section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Act. In light of
the Service's confidence that CVAG will reach a successful conclusion
to its MSHCP development process, we are evaluating and considering the
possible exclusion of approximately 19,211 ac (7,774 ha) of private
land within their preferred alternative reserve design from the final
revised critical habitat designation for Peninsular bighorn sheep
depending on the progress made on the draft MSHCP between now and the
publication of the final rule. We are requesting comments on the
benefits to the Peninsular bighorn sheep and its PCEs from the
conservation measures established by the MSHCP.
    Included within the MSHCP plan area are BLM lands, outside of the
Coachella Valley Preserve System, which we are soliciting comment on
the appropriateness of excluding from the final revised critical
habitat designation based on BLM's official participation in the draft
Coachella Valley MSHCP planning process and commitment under their
CDCAPA to manage their lands consistent with the Coachella Valley MSHCP
once it is completed. We are also soliciting comment on the
appropriateness of excluding CDGF

[[Page 57758]]

lands within the MSHCP plan area based on their involvement with the
Coachella Valley MSHCP.
Provisions of the Coachella Valley MSHCP Specific to Peninsular Bighorn
Sheep
    In general, we find that the benefits of critical habitat
designation on lands within pending HCPs that cover those species are
small, while the benefits of excluding such lands from designation of
critical habitat are substantial. We are evaluating and considering the
possible exclusion of approximately 19,211 ac (7,774 ha) of private
land within CVAG's MSHCP preferred alternative reserve design area from
the designation of critical habitat. The evaluation process involves
determining whether the benefits of excluding these lands from Units 1
and 2A outweigh the benefits of including these lands. We expect the
PCEs required by Peninsular bighorn sheep to benefit by the
conservation measures outlined in the MSHCP and as described above. In
summary, these conservation measures include: Conservation of habitat
and implementation of the MSHCP consistent with the recovery plan
(Service 2000); preservation of essential habitat and connectivity;
biological monitoring and adaptive management; and minimization of
disturbance and edge effects. These specific conservation actions,
avoidance and minimization measures, and management for Peninsular
bighorn sheep and PCEs, if implemented, are expected to exceed any
conservation value that could be provided as a result of regulatory
protections afforded through a critical habitat designation.
    Designation of critical habitat alone does not achieve recovery or
require management of those lands identified in the critical habitat
rule. The exclusion of these lands that we are currently evaluating and
considering for possible exclusion from the final critical habitat
designation would help preserve the partnerships that we have developed
with the local jurisdictions and project proponents in the development
of the MSHCP. The benefits of excluding these lands from critical
habitat, should the MSHCP be finalized and implemented, are expected to
outweigh the minimal benefits of including these lands as critical
habitat, including the educational benefits of critical habitat
designation through informing the public of areas important for the
long-term conservation of Peninsular bighorn sheep. Such educational
benefits can still be accomplished from materials provided on our
Internet website and through the overall designation process, including
the notice and public comment period, which will occur whether or not
these particular areas are designated.

Economics

    We are preparing an analysis of the economic impacts of proposing
revised critical habitat for the Peninsular bighorn sheep. We will
announce the availability of the draft economic analysis as soon as it
is completed, at which time we will seek public review and comment. At
that time, copies of the draft economic analysis will be available for
downloading from the Internet at http://carlsbad.fws.gov, or by

contacting the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office directly (see
ADDRESSES). We may exclude areas from the final revised rule based on
the information in the economic analysis.

Peer Review

    In accordance with our joint policy published in the Federal
Register on July 1, 1994 (59 FR 34270), we are requesting the expert
opinions of at least three appropriate independent specialists
regarding this proposed rule. The purpose of peer review is to ensure
that our proposed revised critical habitat designation is based on
scientifically sound data, assumptions, and analyses. We have invited
these peer reviewers to comment during this public comment period on
our specific assumptions and conclusions in this proposed revision of
critical habitat.
    We will consider all comments and information we receive during
this comment period on this proposed revised critical habitat rule
during our preparation of a final determination. Accordingly, our final
decision may differ from this proposal.

Public Hearings

    The Act provides for one or more public hearings on this proposal,
if we receive any request for hearings. We must receive your request
for a public hearing within 45 days after the date of publication in
the Federal Register. Send your request to the person named in FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. We will schedule public hearings on this
proposal, if any are requested, and announce the dates, times, and
places of those hearings, as well as how to obtain reasonable
accommodations, in the Federal Register and local newspapers at least
15 days before the first hearing.

Required Determinations

Regulatory Planning and Review

    In accordance with Executive Order (E.O.) 12866, this document is a
significant rule in that it may raise novel legal and policy issues.
However, based on information available from the previous designation,
we do not anticipated that it will have an annual effect on the economy
of $100 million or more or to affect the economy in a material way. To
determine the economic consequences of designating the specific area as
critical habitat, we are preparing a draft economic analysis of this
proposed action, which will be available for public comment. This
economic analysis also will be used to determine compliance with E.O.
12866, the Regulatory Flexibility Act, the Small Business Regulatory
Enforcement Fairness Act, E.O. 12630, and E.O. 13211.
    Further, E.O. 12866 directs Federal agencies promulgating
regulations to evaluate regulatory alternatives (OMB Circular A-4,
September 17, 2003). Under Circular A-4, once an agency determines that
the Federal regulatory action is appropriate, the agency must consider
alternative regulatory approaches. Because the determination of
critical habitat is a statutory requirement under the Act, we must
evaluate alternative regulatory approaches, where feasible, when
promulgating a designation of critical habitat.
    In developing our designations of critical habitat, we consider
economic impacts, impacts to national security, and other relevant
impacts under section 4(b)(2) of the Act. Based on the discretion
allowable under this provision, we may exclude any particular area from
the designation of critical habitat providing that the benefits of such
exclusion outweigh the benefits of specifying the area as critical
habitat and that such exclusion would not result in the extinction of
the species. As such, we believe that the evaluation of the inclusion
or exclusion of particular areas, or a combination of both, constitutes
our regulatory alternative analysis for designations.
    We will announce the availability of the draft economic analysis in
the Federal Register and in local newspapers so that it is available
for public review and comments. At that time, the draft economic
analysis will also be available on the Internet at http://carlsbad.fws.gov
, or by contacting the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife
Office directly (see ADDRESSES).

Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)

    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA: 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as
amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
(SBREFA) of 1996), whenever an agency must

[[Page 57759]]

publish a notice of rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must
prepare and make available for public comment a regulatory flexibility
analysis that describes the effects of the rule on small entities
(small businesses, small organizations, and small government
jurisdictions). However, no regulatory flexibility analysis is required
if the head of the agency certifies the rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
SBREFA amended RFA to require Federal agencies to provide a statement
of the factual basis for certifying that the rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
    At this time, we lack the available economic information necessary
to provide an adequate factual basis for the required RFA finding.
Therefore, we defer the RFA finding until completion of the draft
economic analysis prepared under section 4(b)(2) of the Act and E.O.
12866. This draft economic analysis will provide the required factual
basis for the RFA finding. Upon completion of the draft economic
analysis, we will announce availability of the draft economic analysis
of the proposed revised designation in the Federal Register and reopen
the public comment period for the proposed revised designation. We will
include with this announcement, as appropriate, an initial regulatory
flexibility analysis or a certification that the rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities
accompanied by the factual basis for that determination. We have
concluded that deferring the RFA finding until completion of the draft
economic analysis is necessary to meet the purposes and requirements of
the RFA. Deferring the RFA finding in this manner will ensure that we
make a sufficiently informed determination based on adequate economic
information and provide the necessary opportunity for public comment.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    In accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501
et seq.), we make the following findings:
    (a) This proposed rule will not produce a Federal mandate. In
general, a Federal mandate is a provision in legislation, statute, or
regulation that would impose an enforceable duty upon State, local, or
Tribal governments, or the private sector, and includes both ``Federal
intergovernmental mandates'' and ``Federal private sector mandates.''
These terms are defined in 2 U.S.C. 658(5)-(7). ``Federal
intergovernmental mandate'' includes a regulation that ``would impose
an enforceable duty upon State, local, or Tribal governments'' with two
exceptions. It excludes ``a condition of Federal assistance.'' It also
excludes ``a duty arising from participation in a voluntary Federal
program,'' unless the regulation ``relates to a then-existing Federal
program under which $500,000,000 or more is provided annually to State,
local, and Tribal governments under entitlement authority,'' if the
provision would ``increase the stringency of conditions of assistance''
or ``place caps upon, or otherwise decrease, the Federal Government's
responsibility to provide funding,'' and the State, local, or Tribal
governments ``lack authority'' to adjust accordingly. At the time of
enactment, these entitlement programs were: Medicaid; AFDC work
programs; Child Nutrition; Food Stamps; Social Services Block Grants;
Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants; Foster Care, Adoption
Assistance, and Independent Living; Family Support Welfare Services;
and Child Support Enforcement. ``Federal private sector mandate''
includes a regulation that ``would impose an enforceable duty upon the
private sector, except (i) a condition of Federal assistance or (ii) a
duty arising from participation in a voluntary Federal program.''
    The designation of critical habitat does not impose a legally
binding duty on non-Federal Government entities or private parties.
Under the Act, the only regulatory effect is that Federal agencies must
ensure that their actions do not destroy or adversely modify critical
habitat under section 7. While non-Federal entities that receive
Federal funding, assistance, or permits, or that otherwise require
approval or authorization from a Federal agency for an action may be
indirectly impacted by the designation of critical habitat, the legally
binding duty to avoid destruction or adverse modification of critical
habitat rests squarely on the Federal agency. Furthermore, to the
extent that non-Federal entities are indirectly impacted because they
receive Federal assistance or participate in a voluntary Federal aid
program, the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act would not apply, nor would
critical habitat shift the costs of the large entitlement programs
listed above onto State governments.
    (b) Due to current public knowledge of the subspecies' protection,
the prohibition against take of the subspecies both within and outside
of the areas proposed in this rule for designation and the fact that
the vast majority of the areas proposed in this rule are currently
designated as critical habitat, we do not believe that this proposed
rule will significantly or uniquely affect small governments.
Therefore, a Small Government Agency Plan is not required. However, as
we conduct our economic analysis, we will further evaluate this issue
and revise this assessment if appropriate.

Takings

    In accordance with E.O. 12630 (Government Actions and Interference
with Constitutionally Protected Private Property Rights), we have
analyzed the potential takings implications of designating revised
critical habitat for the Peninsular bighorn sheep in a takings
implications assessment. The takings implications assessment concludes
that this proposed revised designation of critical habitat for the
Peninsular bighorn sheep does not pose significant takings implications
for lands within or affected by the designation.

Federalism

    In accordance with E.O. 13132 (Federalism), this proposed rule does
not have significant Federalism effects. A Federalism assessment is not
required. In keeping with Department of the Interior and Department of
Commerce policy, we requested information from, and coordinated
development of, this proposed revised critical habitat designation with
appropriate State resource agencies in California. Critical habitat is
already designated for the Peninsular bighorn sheep. If finalized, this
proposal to revise the designated critical habitat will result in a
significant decrease in the area designated. Thus, the designation of
revised critical habitat for the Peninsular bighorn sheep would not
impose any additional regulatory restrictions to those currently in
place and, therefore, has little incremental impact on State and local
governments and their activities. The designation may have some benefit
to these governments because the areas that contain the features
essential to the conservation of the subspecies are more clearly
defined, and the PCEs of the habitat necessary to the conservation of
the subspecies are specifically identified. This information does not
alter where and what federally sponsored activities may occur. However,
it may assist local governments in long-range planning (rather than
having them wait for case-by-case section 7 consultations to occur).

[[Page 57760]]

Civil Justice Reform

    In accordance with E.O. 12988 (Civil Justice Reform), the Office of
the Solicitor has determined that this proposed rule does not unduly
burden the judicial system and that it meets the requirements of
sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of the Order. We have proposed revised
critical habitat in accordance with the provisions of the Act. This
proposed rule uses standard property descriptions and identifies the
PCEs within the areas proposed for designation to assist the public in
understanding the habitat needs of the Peninsular bighorn sheep.

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.)

    This proposed rule does not contain any new collections of
information that require approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). This rule will not impose
recordkeeping or reporting requirements on State or local governments,
individuals, businesses, or organizations. An agency may not conduct or
sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321 et. seq.)

    It is our position that, outside the jurisdiction of the Circuit
Court of the United States for the Tenth Circuit, we do not need to
prepare environmental analyses as defined by NEPA (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
seq.) in connection with designating critical habitat under the Act. We
published a notice outlining our reasons for this determination in the
Federal Register on October 25, 1983 (48 FR 49244). This assertion was
upheld by the Circuit Court of the United States for the Ninth Circuit
Court (Douglas County v. Babbitt, 48 F.3d 1495 (9th Cir. Ore. 1995),
cert. denied 116 S. Ct. 698 (1996)).

Clarity of the Rule

    We are required by Executive Orders 12866 and 12988 and by the
Presidential Memorandum of June 1, 1998, to write all rules in plain
language. This means that each rule we publish must:
    (a) Be logically organized;
    (b) Use the active voice to address readers directly;
    (c) Use clear language rather than jargon;
    (d) Be divided into short sections and sentences; and
    (e) Use lists and tables wherever possible.
    If you feel that we have not met these requirements, send us
comments by one of the methods listed in the ADDRESSES section. To
better help us revise the rule, your comments should be as specific as
possible. For example, you should tell us the numbers of the sections
or paragraphs that are unclearly written, which sections or sentences
are too long, the sections where you feel lists or tables would be
useful, etc.

Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes

    In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994,
Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal
Governments' (59 FR 22951), E.O. 13175, and the Department of the
Interior's manual at 512 DM 2, we readily acknowledge our
responsibility to communicate meaningfully with recognized Federal
Tribes on a government-to-government basis. In accordance with
Secretarial Order 3206 of June 5, 1997 (American Indian Tribal Rights,
Federal-Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and the Endangered Species Act),
we readily acknowledge our responsibilities to work directly with
Tribes in developing programs for healthy ecosystems, to acknowledge
that tribal lands are not subject to the same controls as Federal
public lands, to remain sensitive to Indian culture, and to make
information available to Tribes. We have identified Tribal lands that
meet the definition of critical habitat for the Peninsular bighorn
sheep, and have included them in this proposal. However, we are
proposing to exclude all Tribal lands from the final critical habitat
designation under section 4(b)(2) of the Act (see ``Proposed Exclusion
of Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal Lands Under Section
4(b)(2) of the Act'' for a detailed discussion). We will continue to
coordinate with the Tribe during the designation process.

Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    On May 18, 2001, the President issued an Executive Order (E.O.
13211; Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use) on regulations that significantly affect
energy supply, distribution, and use. E.O. 13211 requires agencies to
prepare Statements of Energy Effects when undertaking certain actions.
While this proposed rule to designate revised critical habitat for the
Peninsular bighorn sheep is a significant regulatory action under E.O.
12866 in that it may raise novel legal and policy issues, we do not
expect it to significantly affect energy supplies, distribution, or
use. Therefore, this action is not a significant energy action, and no
Statement of Energy Effects is required. However, we will further
evaluate this issue as we conduct our economic analysis, and review and
revise this assessment as warranted.

References Cited

    A complete list of all references cited in this rulemaking is
available upon request from the Field Supervisor, Carlsbad Fish and
Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES).

Author

    The primary author of this package is Justin Shoemaker of the
Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office.

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17

    Endangered and threatened species, Exports, Imports, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Transportation.

Proposed Regulation Promulgation

    Accordingly, we propose to amend part 17, subchapter B of chapter
I, title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as set forth below:

PART 17--[AMENDED]

    1. The authority citation for part 17 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361-1407; 16 U.S.C. 1531-1544; 16 U.S.C.
4201-4245; Pub. L. 99-625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise noted.
    2. In Sec.  17.11(h), revise the entry for ``Sheep, bighorn'' under
``MAMMALS'' in the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife to read
as follows:


Sec.  17.11  Endangered and threatened wildlife.

* * * * *
    (h) * * *

[[Page 57761]]



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Species                                                    Vertebrate
--------------------------------------------------------                        population where                                  Critical     Special
                                                            Historic range       endangered or         Status      When listed    habitat       rules
           Common name                Scientific name                              threatened
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Mammals

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Sheep, Peninsular bighorn........  Ovis canadensis       U.S.A. (western      U.S.A. (CA)          E                       634     17.95(a)          NA.
                                    nelsoni.              conterminous         Peninsular Ranges.
                                                          States), Canada
                                                          (south-western),
                                                          Mexico (northern).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    3. In Sec.  17.95(a), revise the entry for Bighorn Sheep
(Peninsular Ranges)(Ovis canadensis) to read as follows:


Sec.  17.95  Critical habitat--fish and wildlife.

    (a) Mammals.
* * * * *
Bighorn Sheep (Peninsular Ranges) (Ovis canadensis nelsoni)
    (1) Critical habitat units are depicted for Riverside, San Diego,
and Imperial Counties, California, on the maps below.
    (2) The primary constituent elements of critical habitat for the
Peninsular bighorn sheep are:
    (i) Moderate to steep, open slopes (20 to 60 percent) and canyons,
with canopy cover of 30 percent or less (below 4,600 feet (1,402
meters) elevation in the Peninsular Ranges) that provide space for
sheltering, predator detection, rearing of young, foraging and
watering, mating, and movement within and between ewe groups.
    (ii) Presence of a variety of forage plants, indicated by the
presence of shrubs (e.g., Ambrosia spp., Caesalpinia spp., Hyptis spp.,
Sphaeralcea spp., Simmondsia spp.), that provide a primary food source
year round, grasses (e.g., Aristida spp., Bromus spp.) and cacti (e.g.,
Opuntia spp.) that provide a source of forage in the fall, and forbs
(e.g., Plantago spp., Ditaxis spp.) that provide a source of forage in
the spring.
    (iii) Steep, rugged, slopes (60 percent slope or greater) (below
4,600 feet (1,402 meters) elevation in the Peninsular Ranges) that
provide secluded space for lambing as well as terrain for predator
evasion.
    (iv) Alluvial fans, washes, and valley bottoms that provide
important foraging areas where nutritious and digestible plants can be
more readily found during times of drought and lactation and that
provide and maintain habitat connectivity by serving as travel routes
between and within ewe groups, adjacent mountain ranges, and important
resources areas, such as foraging areas and escape terrain.
    (v) Intermittent and permanent water sources that are available
during extended dry periods and that provide relatively nutritious
plants and drinking water.
    (3) Critical habitat does not include manmade structures (such as
buildings, aqueducts, roads, and other paved areas) and the land on
which they are located existing within the legal boundaries on the
effective date of this rule.
    (4) Critical habitat map units. Data layers defining map units were
created on a base of USGS 1:24,000 maps, and critical habitat units
were then mapped using Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates.
    (5) Note: Index map of critical habitat units for the Peninsular
bighorn sheep (Map 1) follows:
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 57762]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP10OC07.000

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C

[[Page 57763]]

    (6) Unit 1: San Jacinto Mountains, Riverside County, California.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 quadrangles Desert Hot Springs, Palm
Springs, and San Jacinto Peak, and White Water. Land bounded by the
following Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) North American Datum of
1927 (NAD27) coordinates (E, N): 534134, 3750021; 534465, 3749681;
534495, 3749651; 534495, 3749651; 534495, 3749651; 534495, 3749651;
534572, 3749621; 534997, 3749456; 534792, 3749102; 534885, 3748934;
535128, 3748785; 535310, 3748807; 535426, 3748822; 535471, 3748798;
535663, 3748697; 535706, 3748674; 535706, 3748652; 535713, 3748654;
535739, 3748650; 535777, 3748637; 535816, 3748627; 535834, 3748623;
535944, 3748624; 535999, 3748624; 536000, 3748624; 536000, 3748624;
536056, 3748624; 536056, 3748656; 536499, 3748909; 536927, 3749153;
537308, 3748794; 538009, 3748134; 538064, 3748082; 538535, 3747726;
538535, 3747703; 538566, 3747702; 538901, 3747449; 539106, 3747293;
539235, 3746550; 539240, 3746463; 539240, 3746455; 539254, 3746181;
539088, 3745848; 539244, 3745133; 539265, 3745144; 539562, 3745200;
539802, 3745192; 540194, 3745168; 540512, 3745097; 540512, 3744900;
540511, 3744851; 540512, 3744847; 540521, 3744847; 540607, 3744847;
540817, 3744847; 540900, 3744846; 540900, 3744846; 540900, 3744800;
540900, 3744700; 540900, 3744600; 540900, 3744500; 540900, 3744400;
540800, 3744400; 540800, 3744300; 540700, 3744300; 540600, 3744300;
540600, 3744200; 540511, 3744200; 540504, 3744200; 540500, 3744200;
540500, 3744100; 540503, 3744100; 540511, 3744100; 540600, 3744100;
540600, 3744000; 540600, 3743900; 540700, 3743900; 540700, 3743800;
540700, 3743700; 540800, 3743700; 540800, 3743600; 540800, 3743500;
540885, 3743501; 540883, 3743342; 540906, 3743287; 541006, 3743322;
541083, 3743355; 541120, 3743355; 541171, 3743337; 541299, 3743351;
541300, 3743300; 541300, 3743238; 541300, 3743231; 541300, 3743200;
541321, 3743200; 541321, 3743196; 541330, 3743175; 541340, 3743160;
541342, 3743145; 541344, 3743138; 541348, 3743132; 541353, 3743127;
541356, 3743122; 541362, 3743116; 541368, 3743111; 541371, 3743107;
541376, 3743098; 541377, 3743095; 541379, 3743089; 541378, 3743082;
541380, 3743075; 541381, 3743070; 541384, 3743064; 541388, 3743060;
541395, 3743053; 541403, 3743047; 541413, 3743043; 541417, 3743039;
541425, 3743032; 541431, 3743027; 541436, 3743021; 541441, 3743015;
541446, 3743006; 541451, 3742997; 541455, 3742984; 541464, 3742970;
541466, 3742965; 541471, 3742960; 541477, 3742957; 541484, 3742953;
541494, 3742952; 541501, 3742951; 541508, 3742951; 541523, 3742951;
541527, 3742951; 541532, 3742952; 541539, 3742952; 541547, 3742951;
541555, 3742952; 541559, 3742952; 541562, 3742951; 541571, 3742947;
541581, 3742942; 541589, 3742939; 541594, 3742933; 541600, 3742929;
541607, 3742925; 541616, 3742918; 541624, 3742914; 541633, 3742910;
541640, 3742907; 541651, 3742905; 541659, 3742905; 541659, 3742904;
541653, 3742806; 541679, 3742804; 541670, 3742734; 541637, 3742740;
541625, 3742693; 541648, 3742693; 541662, 3742659; 541682, 3742612;
541683, 3742557; 541683, 3742510; 541683, 3742508; 541670, 3742508;
541661, 3742507; 541661, 3742507; 541661, 3742554; 541615, 3742554;
541616, 3742507; 541598, 3742507; 541598, 3742517; 541517, 3742516;
541476, 3742516; 541436, 3742516; 541411, 3742516; 541400, 3742516;
541395, 3742516; 541377, 3742516; 541376, 3742507; 541385, 3742432;
541375, 3742432; 541375, 3742390; 541374, 3742350; 541368, 3742344;
541374, 3742328; 541354, 3742228; 541329, 3742228; 541330, 3742217;
541331, 3742061; 541331, 3742036; 541331, 3742016; 541332, 3741932;
541340, 3741932; 541369, 3741932; 541369, 3741922; 541370, 3741805;
541370, 3741803; 541370, 3741745; 541357, 3741745; 541334, 3741730;
541294, 3741729; 541261, 3741729; 541261, 3741677; 541271, 3741677;
541271, 3741641; 541271, 3741640; 541271, 3741640; 541271, 3741632;
541126, 3741630; 541100, 3741630; 541100, 3741600; 541100, 3741500;
541100, 3741400; 541100, 3741281; 541176, 3741283; 541189, 3741189;
541192, 3741167; 541203, 3741100; 541300, 3741100; 541400, 3741100;
541500, 3741100; 541600, 3741100; 541600, 3741000; 541600, 3740900;
541600, 3740800; 541600, 3740700; 541600, 3740600; 541653, 3740533;
541700, 3740495; 541700, 3740400; 541800, 3740400; 541900, 3740400;
541934, 3740399; 541935, 3740284; 542001, 3740285; 542000, 3740200;
542000, 3740135; 541936, 3740129; 541942, 3740080; 541965, 3740053;
541966, 3740025; 541939, 3740025; 541815, 3740026; 541744, 3740027;
541718, 3740027; 541660, 3740028; 541660, 3740023; 541656, 3739951;
541628, 3739931; 541607, 3739915; 541605, 3739900; 541600, 3739900;
541600, 3739876; 541596, 3739853; 541587, 3739805; 541586, 3739800;
541584, 3739767; 541582, 3739736; 541584, 3739712; 541586, 3739702;
541584, 3739694; 541585, 3739694; 541586, 3739694; 541586, 3739694;
541587, 3739693; 541587, 3739693; 541587, 3739693; 541588, 3739693;
541588, 3739692; 541588, 3739692; 541589, 3739692; 541589, 3739692;
541589, 3739691; 541589, 3739691; 541590, 3739691; 541590, 3739690;
541590, 3739690; 541590, 3739689; 541590, 3739689; 541591, 3739689;
541591, 3739688; 541591, 3739688; 541591, 3739687; 541591, 3739687;
541591, 3739686; 541591, 3739686; 541590, 3739675; 541587, 3739630;
541587, 3739629; 541587, 3739629; 541587, 3739628; 541587, 3739628;
541587, 3739627; 541587, 3739627; 541587, 3739626; 541587, 3739626;
541587, 3739625; 541587, 3739625; 541587, 3739624; 541588, 3739624;
541588, 3739623; 541588, 3739623; 541588, 3739623; 541588, 3739622;
541589, 3739622; 541589, 3739621; 541589, 3739621; 541589, 3739621;
541590, 3739620; 541590, 3739620; 541590, 3739620; 541591, 3739619;
541591, 3739619; 541591, 3739619; 541592, 3739618; 541592, 3739618;
541592, 3739618; 541593, 3739618; 541593, 3739618; 541593, 3739617;
541594, 3739617; 541594, 3739617; 541595, 3739617; 541595, 3739616;
541596, 3739616; 541596, 3739616; 541596, 3739616; 541597, 3739616;
541597, 3739616; 541598, 3739616; 541598, 3739616; 541600, 3739615;
541600, 3739613; 541563, 3739614; 541552, 3739562; 541589, 3739529;
541590, 3739528; 541608, 3739475; 541612, 3739464; 541663, 3739439;
541692, 3739425; 541695, 3739423; 541700, 3739418; 541700, 3739400;
541716, 3739400; 541731, 3739383; 541733, 3739381; 541755, 3739364;
541790, 3739336; 541792, 3739334; 541800, 3739324; 541800, 3739300;
541700, 3739300; 541700, 3739296; 541644, 3739296; 541644, 3739061;
541644, 3738884; 541866, 3738884; 541933, 3738882; 541933, 3738883;
541952, 3738884; 541952, 3738835; 541969, 3738835; 541969, 3738764;
541969, 3738731; 541969, 3738713; 541969, 3738680; 541976, 3738680;
541951, 3738614; 541948, 3738608; 541944, 3738600; 541900, 3738600;
541900, 3738500; 541900, 3738419; 541900, 3738415; 541900, 3738400;
542000, 3738400; 542000, 3738300; 542000, 3738200; 542000, 3738100;
541900, 3738100; 541900, 3738000; 541900, 3737900; 541900, 3737800;
541800, 3737800; 541800, 3737700; 541800, 3737600; 541800, 3737500;
541800,

[[Page 57764]]

3737400; 541800, 3737300; 541800, 3737200; 541800, 3737100; 541800,
3737000; 541654, 3736803; 541356, 3736400; 540393, 3735196; 540363,
3735192; 540248, 3735176; 540154, 3735163; 539396, 3735059; 539294,
3735160; 539283, 3735171; 539017, 3735437; 538757, 3735957; 538752,
3735967; 538746, 3735980; 538742, 3735987; 538295, 3736400; 538230,
3736767; 538230, 3736770; 538226, 3736793; 538192, 3736985; 538020,
3738154; 538050, 3738381; 538054, 3738413; 538089, 3738670; 538554,
3740001; 538562, 3740021; 538570, 3740046; 538536, 3741559; 538504,
3741614; 538492, 3741634; 538054, 3742384; 537372, 3743203; 537372,
3743212; 537364, 3743212; 537345, 3743236; 537276, 3743318; 537194,
3743416; 536728, 3743936; 536656, 3744024; 536634, 3744087; 536100,
3744346; 535828, 3744823; 535817, 3744844; 535732, 3744992; 535666,
3745108; 535665, 3745109; 535413, 3745553; 535253, 3746458; 535247,
3746495; 534970, 3746845; 534866, 3746975; 534865, 3746975; 534176,
3746882; 534115, 3746840; 534063, 3746805; 533524, 3746435; 531977,
3746795; 531267, 3747050; 530862, 3747228; 530502, 3747386; 530397,
3748001; 530372, 3748150; 530502, 3749549; 530595, 3749599; 530839,
3749730; 531024, 3749829; 531605, 3749724; 531646, 3749716; 531687,
3749709; 531689, 3749708; 531720, 3749703; 531721, 3749703; 531721,
3749703; 531733, 3749728; 531811, 3749890; 532087, 3750462; 532854,
3750401; 533216, 3750372; 533936, 3750224; 534059, 3750098; thence
returning to 534134, 3750021.
    (ii) Note: Map of Unit 1, San Jacinto Mountains (Map 2) follows:
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 57765]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP10OC07.001

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C

[[Page 57766]]

    (7) Unit 2A: North Santa Rosa Moutains, Riverside County,
California.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 quadrangles Cathedral City, Clark Lake NE,
La Quinta, Martinez Mountain, Palm Springs, Palm View Peak, Rabbit
Peak, Rancho Mirage, Toro Peak, and Valerie. Land bounded by the
following Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) North American Datum of
1927 (NAD27) coordinates (E, N): 548200, 3735505; 548200, 3735500;
548211, 3735500; 548229, 3735493; 548242, 3735488; 548253, 3735483;
548278, 3735474; 548285, 3735471; 548300, 3735465; 548300, 3735400;
548400, 3735400; 548500, 3735400; 548500, 3735480; 548515, 3735478;
548523, 3735478; 548560, 3735481; 548580, 3735488; 548591, 3735491;
548607, 3735496; 548608, 3735496; 548608, 3735496; 548644, 3735490;
548659, 3735497; 548673, 3735503; 548690, 3735520; 548716, 3735546;
548720, 3735550; 548736, 3735569; 548768, 3735606; 548773, 3735615;
548783, 3735631; 548778, 3735657; 548778, 3735659; 548799, 3735678;
548821, 3735687; 548825, 3735689; 548844, 3735682; 548868, 3735674;
548874, 3735672; 548890, 3735664; 548892, 3735663; 548909, 3735654;
548955, 3735628; 549021, 3735590; 549038, 3735580; 549075, 3735551;
549085, 3735544; 549101, 3735534; 549131, 3735513; 549131, 3735526;
549125, 3735553; 549111, 3735581; 549105, 3735594; 549077, 3735654;
549074, 3735660; 549074, 3735680; 549089, 3735687; 549102, 3735682;
549097, 3735720; 549094, 3735745; 549093, 3735749; 549102, 3735757;
549132, 3735749; 549145, 3735755; 549157, 3735754; 549169, 3735738;
549180, 3735744; 549175, 3735804; 549186, 3735810; 549195, 3735817;
549205, 3735819; 549238, 3735827; 549245, 3735846; 549250, 3735853;
549251, 3735854; 549278, 3735863; 549285, 3735868; 549280, 3735880;
549283, 3735883; 549285, 3735886; 549307, 3735894; 549331, 3735897;
549350, 3735888; 549369, 3735874; 549387, 3735876; 549392, 3735881;
549418, 3735882; 549440, 3735896; 549472, 3735885; 549482, 3735882;
549484, 3735894; 549462, 3735909; 549457, 3735936; 549469, 3735963;
549475, 3735976; 549488, 3735971; 549491, 3735983; 549476, 3736004;
549481, 3736011; 549496, 3736013; 549480, 3736033; 549471, 3736057;
549476, 3736063; 549495, 3736054; 549524, 3736058; 549532, 3736058;
549543, 3736072; 549566, 3736077; 549559, 3736095; 549544, 3736095;
549536, 3736099; 549533, 3736119; 549533, 3736122; 549534, 3736122;
549535, 3736125; 549536, 3736127; 549538, 3736129; 549540, 3736131;
549542, 3736134; 549544, 3736136; 549545, 3736138; 549545, 3736139;
549545, 3736142; 549545, 3736143; 549543, 3736147; 549540, 3736154;
549532, 3736170; 549540, 3736182; 549548, 3736181; 549550, 3736180;
549552, 3736180; 549554, 3736181; 549556, 3736181; 549558, 3736182;
549560, 3736183; 549562, 3736184; 549563, 3736186; 549564, 3736187;
549565, 3736189; 549566, 3736190; 549566, 3736193; 549566, 3736194;
549566, 3736195; 549566, 3736198; 549566, 3736208; 549565, 3736223;
549565, 3736226; 549565, 3736230; 549567, 3736233; 549568, 3736235;
549571, 3736237; 549573, 3736239; 549579, 3736240; 549587, 3736243;
549612, 3736250; 549636, 3736257; 549656, 3736252; 549662, 3736252;
549670, 3736252; 549686, 3736237; 549699, 3736225; 549708, 3736216;
549711, 3736214; 549715, 3736211; 549718, 3736209; 549722, 3736208;
549725, 3736207; 549729, 3736207; 549733, 3736208; 549738, 3736209;
549742, 3736211; 549761, 3736197; 549759, 3736139; 549767, 3736122;
549786, 3736105; 549767, 3736083; 549769, 3736079; 549756, 3736075;
549727, 3736047; 549720, 3736025; 549719, 3736021; 549712, 3736002;
549700, 3735923; 549700, 3735922; 549700, 3735920; 549700, 3735919;
549700, 3735918; 549700, 3735917; 549700, 3735916; 549700, 3735915;
549700, 3735914; 549701, 3735913; 549701, 3735912; 549701, 3735911;
549701, 3735910; 549702, 3735909; 549702, 3735908; 549702, 3735907;
549703, 3735906; 549703, 3735905; 549704, 3735904; 549704, 3735903;
549705, 3735902; 549705, 3735901; 549706, 3735900; 549707, 3735900;
549707, 3735899; 549708, 3735898; 549709, 3735897; 549709, 3735896;
549710, 3735896; 549711, 3735895; 549712, 3735894; 549713, 3735894;
549714, 3735893; 549714, 3735893; 549715, 3735892; 549743, 3735876;
549745, 3735880; 549781, 3735853; 549789, 3735826; 549791, 3735825;
549791, 3735824; 549791, 3735824; 549791, 3735823; 549791, 3735822;
549791, 3735821; 549791, 3735821; 549791, 3735820; 549791, 3735819;
549791, 3735818; 549791, 3735818; 549791, 3735817; 549792, 3735816;
549792, 3735815; 549792, 3735815; 549793, 3735814; 549793, 3735813;
549794, 3735812; 549795, 3735812; 549795, 3735811; 549796, 3735811;
549796, 3735810; 549797, 3735810; 549798, 3735809; 549799, 3735809;
549800, 3735808; 549800, 3735800; 549800, 3735800; 549796, 3735781;
549806, 3735744; 549822, 3735720; 549826, 3735715; 549829, 3735715;
549829, 3735714; 549829, 3735713; 549829, 3735712; 549829, 3735712;
549829, 3735711; 549829, 3735710; 549830, 3735709; 549830, 3735709;
549830, 3735708; 549831, 3735707; 549831, 3735706; 549832, 3735706;
549832, 3735705; 549833, 3735704; 549834, 3735704; 549834, 3735703;
549835, 3735703; 549836, 3735702; 549837, 3735702; 549837, 3735701;
549824, 3735668; 549838, 3735639; 549839, 3735612; 549849, 3735609;
549848, 3735608; 549848, 3735608; 549848, 3735607; 549848, 3735606;
549848, 3735605; 549848, 3735605; 549848, 3735604; 549848, 3735603;
549848, 3735602; 549849, 3735602; 549849, 3735601; 549849, 3735600;
549849, 3735599; 549850, 3735599; 549850, 3735598; 549851, 3735597;
549851, 3735596; 549823, 3735574; 549824, 3735562; 549827, 3735533;
549826, 3735518; 549825, 3735502; 549830, 3735469; 549808, 3735401;
549818, 3735395; 549817, 3735395; 549817, 3735394; 549817, 3735393;
549817, 3735392; 549816, 3735392; 549816, 3735391; 549816, 3735390;
549816, 3735389; 549816, 3735389; 549816, 3735388; 549816, 3735387;
549816, 3735386; 549816, 3735386; 549816, 3735385; 549817, 3735384;
549817, 3735383; 549817, 3735383; 549818, 3735382; 549818, 3735381;
549818, 3735380; 549819, 3735380; 549820, 3735379; 549820, 3735378;
549821, 3735378; 549821, 3735377; 549822, 3735377; 549953, 3735297;
549954, 3735296; 549954, 3735296; 549955, 3735296; 549956, 3735295;
549957, 3735295; 549958, 3735295; 549959, 3735295; 549960, 3735295;
549961, 3735295; 549962, 3735295; 549963, 3735295; 549964, 3735295;
549965, 3735296; 549967, 3735296; 549967, 3735297; 549968, 3735297;
549969, 3735298; 549969, 3735298; 549970, 3735299; 549971, 3735300;
549971, 3735301; 549972, 3735301; 549978, 3735298; 549990, 3735306;
550026, 3735349; 550020, 3735384; 550027, 3735388; 550056, 3735480;
550056, 3735481; 550057, 3735483; 550056, 3735589; 550057, 3735589;
550103, 3735589; 550104, 3735589; 550105, 3735590; 550106, 3735591;
550106, 3735592; 550107, 3735594; 550108, 3735595; 550109, 3735596;
550110, 3735597; 550111, 3735598; 550111, 3735598; 550127, 3735614;
550129, 3735617; 550135, 3735612; 550136, 3735614; 550137, 3735616;
550139, 3735617; 550140, 3735619; 550141, 3735621; 550142, 3735622;
550142, 3735624; 550143, 3735626; 550144, 3735628; 550145, 3735630;
550146,

[[Page 57767]]

3735631; 550147, 3735633; 550147, 3735635; 550148, 3735637; 550149,
3735639; 550150, 3735641; 550150, 3735642; 550151, 3735644; 550151,
3735646; 550152, 3735648; 550152, 3735650; 550153, 3735652; 550153,
3735654; 550154, 3735656; 550154, 3735658; 550154, 3735660; 550155,
3735662; 550155, 3735664; 550155, 3735666; 550155, 3735668; 550155,
3735670; 550155, 3735672; 550156, 3735675; 550156, 3735675; 550157,
3735675; 550158, 3735675; 550159, 3735676; 550160, 3735676; 550161,
3735677; 550161, 3735678; 550162, 3735678; 550163, 3735679; 550163,
3735680; 550163, 3735681; 550163, 3735681; 550164, 3735682; 550164,
3735683; 550165, 3735684; 550165, 3735684; 550166, 3735685; 550167,
3735686; 550167, 3735686; 550168, 3735687; 550172, 3735689; 550173,
3735690; 550174, 3735690; 550175, 3735690; 550176, 3735690; 550177,
3735690; 550178, 3735690; 550179, 3735690; 550179, 3735690; 550180,
3735689; 550181, 3735689; 550182, 3735689; 550182, 3735688; 550183,
3735688; 550184, 3735688; 550185, 3735687; 550186, 3735687; 550186,
3735687; 550187, 3735687; 550188, 3735687; 550189, 3735688; 550190,
3735688; 550191, 3735688; 550192, 3735689; 550193, 3735689; 550196,
3735684; 550266, 3735736; 550288, 3735753; 550283, 3735771; 550307,
3735790; 550308, 3735790; 550309, 3735791; 550310, 3735792; 550311,
3735792; 550312, 3735793; 550313, 3735793; 550347, 3735814; 550364,
3735827; 550365, 3735828; 550366, 3735829; 550366, 3735829; 550367,
3735830; 550367, 3735830; 550368, 3735831; 550368, 3735831; 550369,
3735832; 550370, 3735833; 550371, 3735834; 550372, 3735835; 550373,
3735837; 550373, 3735837; 550374, 3735839; 550375, 3735839; 550375,
3735841; 550376, 3735841; 550376, 3735842; 550377, 3735843; 550377,
3735844; 550378, 3735845; 550378, 3735846; 550379, 3735847; 550380,
3735848; 550380, 3735849; 550381, 3735850; 550381, 3735851; 550382,
3735852; 550383, 3735853; 550384, 3735854; 550384, 3735855; 550385,
3735856; 550386, 3735856; 550386, 3735857; 550387, 3735858; 550388,
3735859; 550389, 3735860; 550390, 3735860; 550391, 3735861; 550391,
3735862; 550392, 3735863; 550393, 3735864; 550394, 3735864; 550394,
3735865; 550394, 3735866; 550395, 3735867; 550395, 3735868; 550395,
3735868; 550396, 3735869; 550396, 3735870; 550396, 3735871; 550397,
3735871; 550397, 3735872; 550398, 3735873; 550398, 3735874; 550399,
3735875; 550399, 3735876; 550400, 3735876; 550401, 3735877; 550401,
3735878; 550402, 3735878; 550402, 3735879; 550403, 3735879; 550404,
3735880; 550405, 3735880; 550405, 3735881; 550406, 3735881; 550407,
3735882; 550408, 3735882; 550409, 3735883; 550409, 3735883; 550410,
3735883; 550411, 3735883; 550412, 3735884; 550413, 3735884; 550414,
3735884; 550415, 3735884; 550415, 3735884; 550417, 3735884; 550418,
3735885; 550419, 3735885; 550420, 3735886; 550420, 3735886; 550421,
3735887; 550421, 3735887; 550422, 3735888; 550422, 3735889; 550423,
3735890; 550423, 3735890; 550423, 3735891; 550423, 3735892; 550423,
3735893; 550423, 3735894; 550423, 3735895; 550423, 3735896; 550424,
3735896; 550424, 3735897; 550424, 3735898; 550425, 3735899; 550425,
3735900; 550425, 3735901; 550426, 3735902; 550426, 3735903; 550427,
3735903; 550427, 3735904; 550428, 3735905; 550428, 3735906; 550429,
3735906; 550429, 3735907; 550430, 3735908; 550431, 3735909; 550431,
3735909; 550432, 3735910; 550446, 3735922; 550449, 3735924; 550450,
3735926; 550452, 3735927; 550453, 3735928; 550455, 3735929; 550456,
3735930; 550457, 3735931; 550458, 3735931; 550459, 3735932; 550460,
3735932; 550461, 3735933; 550462, 3735933; 550463, 3735934; 550465,
3735934; 550466, 3735934; 550466, 3735935; 550467, 3735935; 550469,
3735935; 550470, 3735935; 550472, 3735935; 550473, 3735935; 550474,
3735935; 550476, 3735935; 550478, 3735935; 550479, 3735935; 550480,
3735936; 550481, 3735936; 550482, 3735937; 550484, 3735937; 550484,
3735938; 550485, 3735938; 550486, 3735939; 550487, 3735940; 550488,
3735940; 550488, 3735941; 550489, 3735942; 550490, 3735942; 550491,
3735943; 550491, 3735943; 550492, 3735944; 550493, 3735944; 550494,
3735945; 550494, 3735945; 550495, 3735946; 550496, 3735946; 550497,
3735947; 550498, 3735947; 550498, 3735948; 550499, 3735948; 550500,
3735948; 550501, 3735949; 550502, 3735949; 550503, 3735950; 550504,
3735950; 550505, 3735950; 550505, 3735951; 550506, 3735951; 550507,
3735951; 550508, 3735951; 550509, 3735952; 550510, 3735952; 550511,
3735952; 550512, 3735953; 550513, 3735953; 550514, 3735954; 550515,
3735954; 550515, 3735955; 550516, 3735955; 550517, 3735956; 550517,
3735956; 550518, 3735957; 550518, 3735957; 550519, 3735958; 550520,
3735959; 550520, 3735960; 550521, 3735960; 550529, 3735973; 550530,
3735973; 550542, 3735983; 550544, 3735984; 550545, 3735984; 550546,
3735984; 550547, 3735984; 550548, 3735985; 550549, 3735985; 550550,
3735985; 550551, 3735985; 550552, 3735985; 550553, 3735986; 550554,
3735986; 550555, 3735987; 550556, 3735987; 550556, 3735988; 550557,
3735989; 550567, 3736004; 550568, 3736005; 550568, 3736006; 550569,
3736007; 550570, 3736008; 550570, 3736009; 550571, 3736010; 550572,
3736011; 550572, 3736012; 550573, 3736013; 550574, 3736013; 550575,
3736014; 550575, 3736015; 550576, 3736016; 550577, 3736017; 550578,
3736017; 550579, 3736018; 550580, 3736019; 550581, 3736020; 550581,
3736020; 550582, 3736021; 550583, 3736022; 550584, 3736022; 550585,
3736023; 550586, 3736024; 550587, 3736024; 550588, 3736025; 550589,
3736025; 550590, 3736026; 550591, 3736026; 550592, 3736027; 550593,
3736028; 550594, 3736028; 550595, 3736028; 550596, 3736029; 550597,
3736029; 550599, 3736030; 550600, 3736031; 550601, 3736031; 550601,
3736032; 550602, 3736032; 550602, 3736033; 550610, 3736042; 550610,
3736042; 550611, 3736043; 550611, 3736044; 550612, 3736045; 550612,
3736045; 550612, 3736046; 550612, 3736047; 550612, 3736048; 550612,
3736049; 550612, 3736049; 550612, 3736050; 550612, 3736051; 550612,
3736052; 550612, 3736053; 550612, 3736054; 550612, 3736054; 550612,
3736055; 550612, 3736056; 550613, 3736057; 550613, 3736058; 550613,
3736058; 550613, 3736059; 550613, 3736060; 550614, 3736061; 550614,
3736061; 550614, 3736062; 550615, 3736063; 550615, 3736064; 550616,
3736065; 550617, 3736066; 550617, 3736067; 550618, 3736068; 550618,
3736068; 550619, 3736069; 550619, 3736069; 550620, 3736070; 550621,
3736070; 550621, 3736071; 550622, 3736071; 550623, 3736072; 550624,
3736072; 550624, 3736073; 550626, 3736073; 550627, 3736074; 550627,
3736074; 550629, 3736075; 550629, 3736075; 550630, 3736075; 550631,
3736075; 550632, 3736076; 550633, 3736076; 550633, 3736077; 550660,
3736090; 550661, 3736090; 550662, 3736090; 550663, 3736091; 550664,
3736091; 550665, 3736092; 550666, 3736092; 550667, 3736092; 550668,
3736093; 550669, 3736093; 550670, 3736093; 550671, 3736094; 550672,
3736094; 550673, 3736094; 550674, 3736094; 550709, 3736105; 550736,
3736113; 550737, 3736113; 550738, 3736114; 550739, 3736114; 550741,
3736115; 550742, 3736115; 550743, 3736115; 550744, 3736115; 550765,

[[Page 57768]]

3736119; 550789, 3736125; 550790, 3736125; 550791, 3736125; 550792,
3736126; 550792, 3736126; 550793, 3736127; 550794, 3736127; 550796,
3736128; 550796, 3736128; 550797, 3736129; 550798, 3736129; 550799,
3736129; 550800, 3736129; 550801, 3736130; 550802, 3736130; 550802,
3736130; 550803, 3736131; 550804, 3736131; 550805, 3736131; 550806,
3736131; 550807, 3736131; 550808, 3736131; 550809, 3736132; 550810,
3736132; 550811, 3736132; 550812, 3736132; 550812, 3736132; 550813,
3736132; 550814, 3736132; 550815, 3736132; 550816, 3736132; 550821,
3736132; 550824, 3736132; 550827, 3736132; 550831, 3736132; 550834,
3736131; 550837, 3736131; 550841, 3736131; 550844, 3736130; 550847,
3736130; 550850, 3736129; 550854, 3736129; 550857, 3736128; 550860,
3736127; 550863, 3736126; 550864, 3736126; 550865, 3736126; 550866,
3736126; 550867, 3736126; 550868, 3736126; 550868, 3736125; 550869,
3736125; 550870, 3736125; 550871, 3736125; 550872, 3736125; 550873,
3736125; 550874, 3736125; 550875, 3736125; 550901, 3736125; 550902,
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3734275; 553345, 3734268; 553343, 3734257; 553346, 3734250; 553356,
3734234; 553367, 3734225; 553372, 3734218; 553383, 3734201; 553385,

[[Page 57769]]

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[[Page 57770]]

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3725975; 554251, 3725960; 554333, 3725946; 554367, 3725967; 554380,
3725976; 554393, 3725984; 554474, 3725956; 554551, 3725915; 554600,
3725889; 554600, 3725800; 554620, 3725800; 554619, 3725760; 554611,
3725760; 554610, 3725760; 554610, 3725760; 554609, 3725760; 554608,
3725760; 554608, 3725760; 554608, 3725760; 554607, 3725760; 554607,
3725760; 554606, 3725760; 554606, 3725760; 554605, 3725760; 554605,
3725759; 554605, 3725759; 554604, 3725759; 554604, 3725759; 554604,
3725759; 554603, 3725759; 554603, 3725759; 554602, 3725759; 554602,
3725758; 554601, 3725758; 554601, 3725758; 554600, 3725758; 554600,
3725757; 554600, 3725757; 554599, 3725757; 554599, 3725757; 554598,
3725756; 554598, 3725756; 554598, 3725756; 554597, 3725756; 554597,
3725755; 554597, 3725755; 554597, 3725755; 554596, 3725755; 554596,
3725755; 554596, 3725754; 554596, 3725754; 554595, 3725754; 554595,
3725753; 554595, 3725753; 554595, 3725753; 554595, 3725753; 554594,
3725752; 554594, 3725752; 554594, 3725751; 554593, 3725751; 554593,
3725751; 554593, 3725750; 554593, 3725750; 554592, 3725750; 554592,
3725749; 554592, 3725749; 554592, 3725749; 554592, 3725748; 554592,
3725748; 554591, 3725748; 554591, 3725747; 554591, 3725747; 554591,
3725747; 554591, 3725746; 554590, 3725746; 554590, 3725746; 554590,
3725745; 554590, 3725745; 554590, 3725744; 554590, 3725744; 554590,
3725744; 554589, 3725743; 554589, 3725743; 554589, 3725743; 554589,
3725742; 554589, 3725742; 554589, 3725741; 554589, 3725741; 554589,
3725741; 554589, 3725740; 554588, 3725740; 554588, 3725740; 554588,
3725739; 554588, 3725739; 554588, 3725739; 554588, 3725738; 554588,
3725738; 554588, 3725738; 554588, 3725737; 554588, 3725737; 554588,
3725736; 554588, 3725736; 554588, 3725735; 554588, 3725735; 554588,
3725735; 554588, 3725734; 554588, 3725734; 554588, 3725733; 554588,
3725733; 554588, 3725732; 554588, 3725732; 554588, 3725730; 554588,
3725729; 554588, 3725729; 554588, 3725728; 554588, 3725728; 554588,
3725727; 554588 3725727; 554588, 3725726; 554588, 3725726; 554589,
3725725; 554589, 3725725; 554589, 3725724; 554589, 3725724; 554589,
3725723; 554589, 3725723; 554589, 3725723; 554589, 3725722; 554590,
3725722; 554590, 3725722; 554590, 3725721; 554590, 3725721; 554590,
3725721; 554590, 3725720; 554590, 3725720; 554590, 3725719; 554591,
3725719; 554591, 3725719; 554591, 3725718; 554591, 3725718; 554591,
3725717; 554592, 3725717; 554592, 3725717; 554592, 3725716; 554592,
3725716; 554593, 3725715; 554593, 3725715; 554593, 3725715; 554593,
3725714; 554594, 3725714; 554594, 3725714; 554594, 3725713; 554595,
3725713; 554595, 3725713; 554595, 3725712; 554595, 3725712; 554596,
3725712; 554596, 3725711; 554596, 3725711; 554597, 3725711; 554597,
3725710; 554597, 3725710; 554598, 3725710; 554598, 3725709; 554598,
3725709; 554599, 3725709; 554599, 3725708; 554599, 3725708; 554600,
3725708; 554600, 3725708; 554601, 3725707; 554601, 3725707; 554601,
3725707; 554602, 3725707; 554602, 3725706; 554602, 3725706; 554603,
3725706; 554603, 3725706; 554603, 3725706; 554604, 3725706; 554604,
3725705; 554604, 3725705; 554605, 3725705; 554605, 3725705; 554605,
3725705; 554606, 3725705; 554606, 3725704; 554607, 3725704; 554607,
3725704; 554607, 3725704; 554608, 3725704; 554608, 3725704; 554609,
3725704; 554609, 3725703; 554609, 3725703; 554610, 3725703; 554610,
3725703; 554618, 3725707; 554632, 3725706; 554660, 3725699; 554705,

[[Page 57771]]

3725687; 554759, 3725672; 554789, 3725603; 554789, 3725602; 554857,
3725444; 554913, 3725363; 554955, 3725411; 554966, 3725423; 554994,
3725457; 555049, 3725501; 555038, 3725534; 555037, 3725534; 554953,
3725581; 554954, 3725584; 556747, 3725031; 557936, 3724088; 558510,
3724252; 559822, 3725688; 560478, 3727041; 561094, 3727369; 561750,
3727082; 562570, 3725442; 562693, 3724006; 562980, 3722489; 563513,
3721997; 564088, 3722418; 564089, 3722418; 564122, 3722411; 564155,
3722405; 564169, 3722414; 564188, 3722426; 564188, 3722427; 564189,
3722427; 564189, 3722427; 564189, 3722428; 564190, 3722428; 564190,
3722428; 564190, 3722428; 564191, 3722429; 564191, 3722429; 564191,
3722429; 564191, 3722429; 564191, 3722430; 564192, 3722430; 564192,
3722431; 564192, 3722431; 564193, 3722431; 564193, 3722432; 564193,
3722432; 564193, 3722432; 564194, 3722433; 564194, 3722433; 564194,
3722434; 564194, 3722434; 564194, 3722435; 564194, 3722435; 564195,
3722435; 564195, 3722435; 564195, 3722436; 564195, 3722436; 564195,
3722437; 564195, 3722437; 564195, 3722438; 564195, 3722438; 564195,
3722438; 564196, 3722439; 564196, 3722439; 564196, 3722440; 564196,
3722440; 564196, 3722441; 564196, 3722441; 564196, 3722442; 564196,
3722442; 564196, 3722442; 564196, 3722443; 564196, 3722443; 564196,
3722444; 564196, 3722444; 564196, 3722444; 564196, 3722445; 564209,
3722445; 564209, 3722447; 564208, 3722593; 564207, 3722807; 564206,
3722886; 564204, 3723251; 564211, 3723251; 564211, 3723251; 564210,
3723363; 564243, 3723406; 564268, 3723438; 564398, 3723605; 564418,
3723631; 564418, 3723632; 564419, 3723632; 564419, 3723632; 564419,
3723633; 564419, 3723633; 564420, 3723633; 564420, 3723634; 564420,
3723634; 564421, 3723635; 564421, 3723635; 564421, 3723635; 564422,
3723636; 564422, 3723637; 564422, 3723637; 564423, 3723637; 564423,
3723638; 564423, 3723638; 564423, 3723638; 564423, 3723638; 564423,
3723639; 564424, 3723639; 564424, 3723639; 564424, 3723640; 564424,
3723640; 564425, 3723641; 564425, 3723641; 564425, 3723641; 564425,
3723642; 564426, 3723642; 564426, 3723643; 564426, 3723644; 564427,
3723644; 564427, 3723645; 564427, 3723645; 564428, 3723646; 564428,
3723646; 564428, 3723647; 564428, 3723647; 564429, 3723648; 564429,
3723648; 564429, 3723649; 564430, 3723649; 564430, 3723650; 564430,
3723650; 564430, 3723650; 564430, 3723651; 564431, 3723652; 564431,
3723652; 564431, 3723652; 564431, 3723653; 564432, 3723653; 564432,
3723654; 564432, 3723654; 564432, 3723655; 564432, 3723655; 564433,
3723656; 564433, 3723656; 564438, 3723663; 564442, 3723714; 564442,
3723714; 564435, 3723789; 564440, 3723798; 564463, 3723846; 564481,
3723875; 564488, 3723896; 564506, 3723919; 564509, 3723922; 564514,
3723928; 564568, 3723964; 564581, 3723968; 564581, 3723969; 564582,
3723969; 564582, 3723969; 564583, 3723969; 564640, 3723990; 564641,
3723991; 564641, 3723991; 564642, 3723991; 564642, 3723991; 564653,
3723995; 564653, 3724000; 564700, 3724000; 564700, 3724073; 564917,
3724081; 564924, 3724081; 565084, 3724082; 565162, 3724083; 565138,
3724144; 565147, 3724163; 565165, 3724200; 565176, 3724200; 565187,
3724196; 565216, 3724186; 565378, 3724172; 565428, 3724264; 565296,
3724353; 565282, 3724363; 565257, 3724379; 565257, 3724421; 565274,
3724448; 565290, 3724441; 565310, 3724432; 565317, 3724438; 565346,
3724460; 565355, 3724622; 565348, 3724812; 565307, 3724890; 565266,
3724966; 565240, 3725013; 565289, 3725063; 565312, 3725087; 565341,
3725165; 565422, 3725156; 565464, 3725152; 565490, 3725149; 565493,
3725149; 565522, 3725145; 565556, 3725116; 565619, 3725062; 565757,
3725065; 565842, 3725067; 565907, 3725026; 565944, 3725002; 565945,
3725002; 565945, 3725002; 565945, 3725002; 565946, 3725001; 565946,
3725001; 565946, 3725001; 565947, 3725001; 565947, 3725001; 565947,
3725001; 565948, 3725000; 565948, 3725000; 565948, 3725000; 565948,
3725000; 565949, 3725000; 565949, 3725000; 565949, 3725000; 565950,
3725000; 565950, 3725000; 565950, 3725000; 565951, 3725000; 565951,
3724999; 565952, 3724999; 565952, 3724999; 565953, 3724999; 565953,
3724999; 565954, 3724999; 565954, 3724999; 565955, 3724999; 565955,
3724999; 565956, 3724999; 565956, 3724999; 565956, 3724999; 565957,
3724999; 565957, 3725000; 565958, 3725000; 565958, 3725000; 565959,
3725000; 565959, 3725000; 565959, 3725000; 565960, 3725000; 565960,
3725000; 565960, 3725000; 565961, 3725000; 565961, 3725001; 565961,
3725001; 565962, 3725001; 565962, 3725001; 565962, 3725001; 565962,
3725001; 565963, 3725001; 565963, 3725002; 565964, 3725002; 565964,
3725002; 565964, 3725002; 565965, 3725003; 565965, 3725003; 565965,
3725003; 565966, 3725003; 565966, 3725004; 565966, 3725004; 565967,
3725004; 565967, 3725005; 565967, 3725005; 565968, 3725005; 565968,
3725006; 565968, 3725006; 565969, 3725006; 565969, 3725007; 565969,
3725007; 565969, 3725007; 565970, 3725008; 565970, 3725008; 565970,
3725009; 565970, 3725009; 565971, 3725009; 565971, 3725010; 565971,
3725010; 565971, 3725011; 565971, 3725011; 565971, 3725011; 565971,
3725011; 565972, 3725012; 565972, 3725012; 565972, 3725013; 565972,
3725013; 565972, 3725013; 565972, 3725014; 565972, 3725014; 565972,
3725015; 565972, 3725015; 565972, 3725015; 565972, 3725016; 565972,
3725016; 565972, 3725016; 565972, 3725017; 565972, 3725017; 565972,
3725018; 565972, 3725018; 565972, 3725019; 565972, 3725019; 565972,
3725019; 565972, 3725020; 565972, 3725020; 565972, 3725020; 565972,
3725021; 565972, 3725021; 565972, 3725022; 565972, 3725022; 565972,
3725023; 565972, 3725023; 565971, 3725024; 565971, 3725024; 565971,
3725025; 565903, 3725182; 565900, 3725220; 565900, 3725300; 565892,
3725300; 565888, 3725336; 565867, 3725351; 565866, 3725352; 565800,
3725398; 565800, 3725400; 565800, 3725424; 565845, 3725432; 565848,
3725480; 565865, 3725483; 565865, 3725483; 565883, 3725486; 565899,
3725489; 565909, 3725521; 565910, 3725530; 565910, 3725531; 565910,
3725532; 565913, 3725559; 565900, 3725588; 565900, 3725600; 565900,
3725669; 565900, 3725670; 565900, 3725670; 565900, 3725700; 565888,
3725700; 565864, 3725716; 565856, 3725765; 565849, 3725813; 565849,
3725814; 565849, 3725814; 565849, 3725815; 565849, 3725815; 565849,
3725816; 565849, 3725817; 565849, 3725817; 565849, 3725818; 565849,
3725818; 565849, 3725819; 565849, 3725819; 565849, 3725820; 565849,
3725821; 565849, 3725822; 565849, 3725822; 565849, 3725823; 565849,
3725824; 565849, 3725825; 565849, 3725825; 565849, 3725826; 565849,
3725826; 565849, 3725827; 565849, 3725827; 565849, 3725828; 565850,
3725829; 565850, 3725830; 565850, 3725831; 565850, 3725831; 565850,
3725832; 565851, 3725833; 565851, 3725834; 565851, 3725834; 565851,
3725835; 565852, 3725836; 565852, 3725837; 565852, 3725837; 565852,
3725838; 565853, 3725838; 565853, 3725839; 565853, 3725839; 565853,
3725840; 565854, 3725841; 565854, 3725842; 565855, 3725842; 565855,
3725843; 565856, 3725844; 565856, 3725845; 565857, 3725846; 565858,

[[Page 57772]]

3725848; 565859, 3725849; 565860, 3725850; 565861, 3725851; 565861,
3725851; 565862, 3725852; 565862, 3725852; 565862, 3725852; 565863,
3725853; 565863, 3725854; 565864, 3725854; 565865, 3725855; 565865,
3725855; 565866, 3725856; 565867, 3725856; 565867, 3725857; 565868,
3725857; 565869, 3725858; 565870, 3725858; 565871, 3725859; 565872,
3725860; 565873, 3725860; 565875, 3725861; 565876, 3725862; 565876,
3725862; 565877, 3725862; 565877, 3725862; 565878, 3725862; 565878,
3725863; 565879, 3725863; 565879, 3725863; 565880, 3725863; 565881,
3725863; 565881, 3725864; 565882, 3725864; 565882, 3725864; 565883,
3725864; 565884, 3725864; 565884, 3725864; 565885, 3725865; 565885,
3725865; 565886, 3725865; 565887, 3725865; 565888, 3725865; 565888,
3725865; 565889, 3725865; 565890, 3725865; 565891, 3725865; 565892,
3725865; 565892, 3725866; 565893, 3725866; 565894, 3725866; 565895,
3725866; 565896, 3725866; 565896, 3725866; 565897, 3725866; 565898,
3725865; 565899, 3725865; 565899, 3725865; 565900, 3725865; 565901,
3725865; 565902, 3725865; 565903, 3725865; 565904, 3725865; 565904,
3725865; 565905, 3725864; 565906, 3725864; 565907, 3725864; 565907,
3725864; 565907, 3725864; 565908, 3725863; 565909, 3725863; 565910,
3725863; 565910, 3725863; 565911, 3725863; 565911, 3725862; 565912,
3725862; 565912, 3725862; 565913, 3725862; 565913, 3725862; 565914,
3725861; 565916, 3725860; 565917, 3725860; 565918, 3725859; 565919,
3725858; 565920, 3725858; 565921, 3725857; 565922, 3725857; 565922,
3725856; 565923, 3725856; 565924, 3725855; 565939, 3725842; 566014,
3725778; 566029, 3725765; 566057, 3725765; 566059, 3725761; 566071,
3725742; 566082, 3725731; 566094, 3725726; 566108, 3725722; 566115,
3725717; 566125, 3725710; 566130, 3725706; 566131, 3725705; 566137,
3725700; 566142, 3725694; 566145, 3725691; 566149, 3725684; 566153,
3725676; 566159, 3725672; 566165, 3725666; 566168, 3725659; 566168,
3725650; 566168, 3725642; 566166, 3725633; 566165, 3725623; 566164,
3725616; 566165, 3725610; 566167, 3725601; 566172, 3725597; 566177,
3725585; 566179, 3725577; 566176, 3725567; 566173, 3725557; 566168,
3725546; 566167, 3725538; 566165, 3725530; 566163, 3725523; 566161,
3725517; 566161, 3725508; 566165, 3725500; 566171, 3725495; 566175,
3725490; 566182, 3725484; 566190, 3725478; 566194, 3725470; 566199,
3725462; 566206, 3725451; 566210, 3725444; 566219, 3725437; 566229,
3725432; 566240, 3725430; 566253, 3725428; 566260, 3725428; 566261,
3725428; 566272, 3725422; 566278, 3725422; 566283, 3725422; 566293,
3725425; 566302, 3725425; 566313, 3725422; 566315, 3725410; 566313,
3725407; 566314, 3725394; 566318, 3725382; 566322, 3725373; 566329,
3725363; 566336, 3725359; 566348, 3725352; 566355, 3725352; 566368,
3725343; 566372, 3725337; 566376, 3725330; 566388, 3725326; 566396,
3725323; 566407, 3725320; 566417, 3725320; 566426, 3725319; 566439,
3725318; 566449, 3725323; 566461, 3725327; 566468, 3725336; 566476,
3725344; 566481, 3725346; 566493, 3725350; 566501, 3725350; 566510,
3725350; 566515, 3725350; 566525, 3725346; 566537, 3725338; 566546,
3725332; 566555, 3725328; 566566, 3725321; 566575, 3725317; 566581,
3725314; 566591, 3725305; 566593, 3725302; 566597, 3725297; 566602,
3725292; 566608, 3725283; 566615, 3725272; 566620, 3725257; 566623,
3725246; 566623, 3725233; 566623, 3725228; 566595, 3725205; 566576,
3725168; 566573, 3725134; 566569, 3725089; 566569, 3725063; 566576,
3725025; 566599, 3724984; 566610, 3724954; 566629, 3724932; 566644,
3724920; 566670, 3724913; 566672, 3724913; 566693, 3724920; 566715,
3724924; 566749, 3724920; 566771, 3724905; 566773, 3724904; 566798,
3724890; 566820, 3724860; 566846, 3724853; 566906, 3724838; 566910,
3724834; 566924, 3724825; 566940, 3724819; 566951, 3724811; 566963,
3724802; 566967, 3724791; 567005, 3724744; 567014, 3724733; 567023,
3724718; 567031, 3724710; 567045, 3724692; 567054, 3724680; 567063,
3724664; 567072, 3724655; 567113, 3724636; 567119, 3724630; 567136,
3724576; 567136, 3724575; 567136, 3724575; 567136, 3724573; 567137,
3724572; 567137, 3724572; 567137, 3724570; 567137, 3724569; 567137,
3724568; 567137, 3724567; 567137, 3724566; 567137, 3724565; 567137,
3724564; 567137, 3724563; 567138, 3724562; 567138, 3724561; 567138,
3724560; 567138, 3724559; 567138, 3724558; 567138, 3724556; 567138,
3724555; 567138, 3724554; 567138, 3724553; 567138, 3724552; 567138,
3724551; 567138, 3724550; 567138, 3724549; 567138, 3724548; 567138,
3724547; 567138, 3724545; 567138, 3724544; 567138, 3724544; 567138,
3724542; 567138, 3724541; 567138, 3724540; 567138, 3724539; 567138,
3724538; 567138, 3724537; 567138, 3724536; 567138, 3724535; 567137,
3724534; 567137, 3724533; 567137, 3724532; 567137, 3724531; 567137,
3724530; 567137, 3724528; 567137, 3724527; 567137, 3724527; 567137,
3724525; 567137, 3724524; 567136, 3724523; 567136, 3724522; 567136,
3724521; 567136, 3724520; 567136, 3724519; 567136, 3724518; 567135,
3724517; 567135, 3724516; 567135, 3724515; 567135, 3724514; 567135,
3724513; 567135, 3724512; 567134, 3724511; 567134, 3724510; 567134,
3724509; 567134, 3724508; 567134, 3724507; 567133, 3724506; 567133,
3724505; 567133, 3724504; 567133, 3724503; 567133, 3724502; 567132,
3724501; 567132, 3724500; 567132, 3724500; 567132, 3724499; 567131,
3724498; 567131, 3724497; 567131, 3724496; 567131, 3724495; 567130,
3724494; 567130, 3724493; 567130, 3724492; 567130, 3724491; 567129,
3724490; 567129, 3724490; 567129, 3724489; 567129, 3724488; 567128,
3724487; 567128, 3724486; 567128, 3724485; 567127, 3724484; 567127,
3724483; 567127, 3724482; 567126, 3724481; 567126, 3724480; 567126,
3724479; 567125, 3724479; 567125, 3724478; 567125, 3724476; 567124,
3724475; 567124, 3724474; 567123, 3724473; 567123, 3724472; 567122,
3724471; 567122, 3724470; 567121, 3724469; 567121, 3724467; 567120,
3724466; 567120, 3724465; 567119, 3724464; 567119, 3724463; 567119,
3724462; 567118, 3724461; 567117, 3724460; 567117, 3724459; 567082,
3724391; 567079, 3724385; 567078, 3724384; 567078, 3724384; 567077,
3724383; 567077, 3724382; 567076, 3724381; 567076, 3724381; 567076,
3724380; 567075, 3724380; 567075, 3724379; 567075, 3724379; 567074,
3724378; 567074, 3724378; 567074, 3724377; 567073, 3724376; 567072,
3724375; 567072, 3724374; 567071, 3724373; 567071, 3724373; 567071,
3724372; 567070, 3724372; 567070, 3724371; 567070, 3724371; 567069,
3724370; 567069, 3724370; 567069, 3724369; 567068, 3724369; 567068,
3724368; 567067, 3724367; 567066, 3724366; 567066, 3724365; 567066,
3724365; 567066, 3724364; 567065, 3724364; 567065, 3724363; 567065,
3724363; 567064, 3724362; 567064, 3724362; 567064, 3724361; 567063,
3724361; 567063, 3724360; 567062, 3724359; 567062, 3724358; 567061,
3724357; 567061, 3724357; 567061, 3724356; 567060, 3724356; 567060,
3724355; 567060, 3724355; 567059, 3724354; 567059, 3724354; 567059,
3724354; 567059, 3724353; 567058, 3724353; 567058, 3724352; 567057,
3724351; 567056, 3724350; 567056, 3724349; 567055, 3724348; 567055,

[[Page 57773]]

3724348; 567055, 3724347; 567054, 3724347; 567054, 3724346; 567054,
3724345; 567039, 3724324; 566895, 3724115; 566884, 3724097; 566839,
3724025; 566839, 3724025; 566838, 3724023; 566821, 3723993; 566820,
3723992; 566820, 3723991; 566820, 3723991; 566820, 3723990; 566819,
3723990; 566819, 3723990; 566819, 3723989; 566819, 3723989; 566819,
3723988; 566818, 3723988; 566818, 3723988; 566818, 3723987; 566818,
3723987; 566818, 3723987; 566817, 3723986; 566817, 3723985; 566817,
3723984; 566816, 3723984; 566816, 3723983; 566816, 3723983; 566816,
3723982; 566816, 3723982; 566816, 3723981; 566815, 3723981; 566815,
3723980; 566815, 3723980; 566815, 3723979; 566815, 3723979; 566815,
3723978; 566814, 3723978; 566814, 3723977; 566814, 3723977; 566814,
3723976; 566814, 3723976; 566814, 3723975; 566814, 3723975; 566814,
3723974; 566814, 3723974; 566813, 3723973; 566813, 3723973; 566813,
3723972; 566813, 3723972; 566813, 3723971; 566813, 3723971; 566813,
3723970; 566813, 3723970; 566813, 3723969; 566813, 3723969; 566813,
3723968; 566812, 3723968; 566812, 3723967; 566812, 3723967; 566812,
3723966; 566812, 3723966; 566812, 3723965; 566812, 3723964; 566812,
3723964; 566812, 3723964; 566812, 3723963; 566812, 3723962; 566812,
3723962; 566812, 3723962; 566812, 3723961; 566812, 3723961; 566812,
3723960; 566812, 3723960; 566812, 3723960; 566812, 3723959; 566812,
3723958; 566812, 3723958; 566812, 3723957; 566812, 3723957; 566812,
3723956; 566812, 3723956; 566812, 3723955; 566812, 3723955; 566812,
3723954; 566812, 3723954; 566812, 3723953; 566812, 3723953; 566812,
3723952; 566812, 3723951; 566812, 3723951; 566812, 3723951; 566812,
3723950; 566812, 3723950; 566813, 3723949; 566813, 3723949; 566813,
3723948; 566813, 3723947; 566813, 3723947; 566813, 3723946; 566813,
3723945; 566813, 3723944; 566814, 3723944; 566814, 3723944; 566814,
3723943; 566814, 3723943; 566814, 3723942; 566814, 3723942; 566814,
3723941; 566814, 3723941; 566814, 3723941; 566815, 3723940; 566815,
3723940; 566815, 3723939; 566815, 3723939; 566815, 3723938; 566815,
3723938; 566815, 3723937; 566816, 3723936; 566816, 3723936; 566816,
3723935; 566816, 3723935; 566817, 3723934; 566817, 3723934; 566817,
3723933; 566817, 3723932; 566818, 3723932; 566818, 3723931; 566819,
3723930; 566819, 3723929; 566819, 3723928; 566819, 3723928; 566819,
3723928; 566671, 3723064; 566260, 3722203; 566388, 3720917; 566353,
3720941; 566309, 3720971; 566293, 3721009; 566274, 3721104; 566129,
3721224; 566033, 3721260; 565979, 3721270; 565929, 3721299; 565866,
3721304; 565805, 3721314; 565738, 3721360; 565701, 3721350; 565674,
3721325; 565625, 3721325; 565563, 3721312; 565562, 3721295; 565593,
3721249; 565653, 3721198; 565713, 3721195; 565711, 3721141; 565795,
3721105; 565837, 3721053; 565887, 3721000; 565873, 3720960; 565914,
3720923; 565964, 3720933; 566048, 3720990; 566160, 3720977; 566281,
3720895; 566354, 3720846; 566351, 3720048; 566360, 3720048; 566412,
3720050; 566456, 3720051; 566458, 3720048; 566457, 3720047; 566454,
3720018; 566442, 3720000; 566437, 3719984; 566429, 3719963; 566423,
3719950; 566417, 3719935; 566406, 3719905; 566400, 3719883; 566395,
3719847; 566399, 3719820; 566424, 3719800; 566540, 3719832; 566999,
3718635; 567828, 3717445; 567827, 3717445; 567829, 3717248; 567928,
3717248; 567929, 3717165; 567939, 3717140; 567971, 3717071; 567988,
3717040; 568014, 3717016; 568023, 3717007; 568033, 3716998; 568041,
3716990; 568074, 3716970; 568095, 3716962; 568130, 3716955; 568172,
3716953; 568253, 3716953; 568338, 3716956; 568383, 3716953; 568408,
3716950; 568432, 3716940; 568731, 3716735; 568868, 3716640; 568956,
3716595; 569647, 3716127; 569648, 3716053; 569752, 3716056; 570607,
3715478; 572371, 3713796; 572894, 3712888; 572887, 3712888; 572887,
3712879; 572896, 3712879; 572899, 3712879; 573765, 3711377; 574462,
3708958; 574216, 3707153; 574298, 3706046; 575487, 3704652; 576963,
3703504; 577258, 3703086; 577373, 3702643; 577399, 3702239; 577935,
3700356; 578628, 3698965; 578791, 3698763; 578557, 3698773; 577751,
3698805; 577343, 3698821; 577106, 3698831; 576945, 3698837; 576140,
3698869; 575492, 3698895; 575417, 3698897; 575143, 3699674; 574762,
3700457; 573744, 3701312; 573761, 3701319; 573705, 3701330; 572330,
3701986; 568229, 3704405; 565194, 3706660; 563472, 3709736; 563267,
3710843; 564169, 3711499; 564702, 3712729; 564333, 3714083; 563867,
3714714; 563618, 3714947; 563515, 3715053; 563462, 3715152; 563469,
3715251; 563434, 3715340; 563397, 3715452; 563355, 3715541; 563245,
3715540; 563208, 3715425; 563139, 3715304; 563044, 3715285; 561914,
3715805; 561616, 3715959; 561616, 3715994; 561549, 3715994; 559453,
3717076; 558346, 3717568; 557485, 3717322; 554983, 3717158; 554614,
3717404; 554573, 3718921; 554447, 3719696; 554448, 3719696; 554445,
3719707; 554327, 3720439; 554179, 3720908; 554179, 3720989; 554154,
3720988; 554068, 3721263; 554083, 3721362; 554090, 3721407; 554098,
3721458; 554128, 3721481; 554148, 3721477; 554175, 3721498; 554178,
3721519; 554219, 3721553; 554219, 3721572; 554218, 3721660; 554218,
3721768; 554218, 3721789; 554126, 3721860; 554087, 3721860; 554067,
3721861; 554067, 3721862; 554067, 3721863; 554067, 3721864; 554067,
3721866; 554067, 3721867; 554067, 3721868; 554066, 3721869; 554066,
3721870; 554066, 3721871; 554066, 3721873; 554065, 3721874; 554065,
3721875; 554064, 3721876; 554064, 3721877; 554063, 3721878; 554063,
3721879; 554062, 3721880; 554046, 3721903; 554046, 3721904; 554045,
3721905; 554044, 3721906; 554044, 3721907; 554043, 3721908; 554042,
3721909; 554041, 3721910; 554041, 3721911; 554040, 3721912; 554040,
3721913; 554039, 3721914; 554038, 3721915; 554038, 3721917; 554037,
3721918; 554037, 3721919; 554036, 3721920; 554035, 3721921; 554035,
3721922; 554034, 3721923; 554034, 3721924; 554033, 3721925; 554033,
3721926; 554032, 3721927; 554032, 3721929; 554031, 3721930; 554031,
3721931; 554031, 3721932; 554030, 3721933; 554030, 3721934; 554029,
3721935; 554029, 3721937; 554028, 3721938; 554028, 3721939; 554028,
3721940; 554027, 3721941; 554027, 3721942; 554027, 3721944; 554026,
3721945; 554026, 3721946; 554026, 3721947; 554025, 3721948; 554025,
3721949; 554025, 3721951; 554025, 3721952; 553999, 3721944; 553976,
3721944; 553975, 3722106; 553974, 3722219; 553974, 3722282; 553973,
3722374; 553883, 3722373; 553766, 3722372; 553692, 3722372; 553644,
3722371; 553488, 3722370; 553366, 3722369; 553367, 3722268; 553367,
3722255; 553367, 3722115; 553368, 3721997; 553368, 3721995; 553015,
3722079; 552072, 3722079; 551826, 3722325; 551621, 3722940; 550924,
3723924; 550473, 3725155; 550719, 3725770; 551498, 3726549; 551457,
3727574; 550596, 3728599; 549324, 3729132; 547479, 3730649; 546905,
3731511; 546126, 3733438; 545593, 3735324; 545593, 3736021; 546126,
3736842; 546659, 3736924; 547192, 3736637; 548109, 3735861; 548109,
3735861; 548109, 3735860; 548109, 3735859; 548109, 3735859; 548109,
3735858; 548109, 3735858; 548109, 3735857; 548108, 3735856; 548108,

[[Page 57774]]

3735856; 548108, 3735855; 548108, 3735855; 548108, 3735854; 548108,
3735853; 548108, 3735853; 548099, 3735741; 548160, 3735740; 548150,
3735603; 548130, 3735533; 548155, 3735523; 548181, 3735513; 548190,
3735509; thence returning to 548200, 3735505.
    (ii) Note: Map of Unit 2A, North Santa Rosa Mountains (Map 3)
follows:
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP10OC07.002

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C

[[Page 57775]]

    (8) Unit 2B: South Santa Rosa Mountains south to Vallecito
Mountains, Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial Counties, California.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 quadrangles Agua Caliente Hot Springs,
Arroyo Tapiado, Borrego Mountain, Borrego Mountain SE, Borrego Palm
Canyon, Borrego Sink, Bucksnort Mountain, Carrizo Mountain NE, Clark
Lake, Clark Lake NE, Collins Valley, Earthquake Valley, Fonts Point,
Harper Canyon, Plaster City NW, Rabbit Peak, Seventeen Palms, Tubb
Canyon, and Whale Peak. Land bounded by the following Universal
Transverse Mercator (UTM) North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)
coordinates (E, N): 552772, 3702586; 552772, 3702567; 552801, 3702567;
552801, 3702539; 552829, 3702539; 552829, 3702511; 552914, 3702511;
552914, 3702482; 552943, 3702482; 552943, 3702454; 552971, 3702454;
552971, 3702426; 552999, 3702426; 552999, 3702397; 553113, 3702397;
553113, 3702369; 553170, 3702369; 553170, 3702340; 553198, 3702340;
553198, 3702312; 553255, 3702312; 553255, 3702284; 553311, 3702284;
553311, 3702255; 553340, 3702255; 553340, 3702284; 553368, 3702284;
553368, 3702312; 553453, 3702312; 553453, 3702284; 553538, 3702284;
553538, 3702255; 553567, 3702255; 553567, 3702227; 553624, 3702227;
553624, 3702199; 553652, 3702199; 553652, 3702227; 553709, 3702227;
553709, 3702255; 553717, 3702255; 554616, 3702119; 556163, 3701891;
557619, 3701709; 559531, 3701800; 560669, 3701800; 561670, 3701390;
562899, 3700617; 564310, 3699934; 569738, 3698190; 570758, 3697602;
570758, 3697546; 570730, 3697546; 570730, 3697433; 570702, 3697433;
570702, 3697404; 570673, 3697404; 570673, 3697262; 570702, 3697262;
570702, 3697206; 570730, 3697206; 570730, 3697177; 570787, 3697177;
570787, 3697206; 570815, 3697206; 570815, 3697234; 570900, 3697234;
570900, 3697177; 570929, 3697177; 570929, 3697149; 570957, 3697149;
570957, 3697121; 571014, 3697121; 571014, 3697092; 571042, 3697092;
571042, 3697064; 571014, 3697064; 571014, 3697036; 570985, 3697036;
570985, 3696950; 570957, 3696950; 570957, 3696894; 571212, 3696894;
571212, 3696865; 571382, 3696865; 571382, 3696752; 571411, 3696752;
571411, 3696667; 571382, 3696667; 571382, 3696553; 571411, 3696553;
571411, 3696525; 571468, 3696525; 571468, 3696497; 571496, 3696497;
571496, 3696440; 571468, 3696440; 571468, 3696326; 571439, 3696326;
571439, 3696270; 571496, 3696270; 571496, 3696241; 571524, 3696241;
571524, 3696184; 571638, 3696184; 571638, 3696156; 571666, 3696156;
571666, 3696128; 571694, 3696128; 571694, 3696071; 571723, 3696071;
571723, 3696043; 571751, 3696043; 571751, 3695901; 571723, 3695901;
571723, 3695759; 571751, 3695759; 571751, 3695731; 571780, 3695731;
571780, 3695702; 571808, 3695702; 571808, 3695645; 571836, 3695645;
571836, 3695589; 571808, 3695589; 571808, 3695532; 571780, 3695532;
571780, 3695475; 571751, 3695475; 571751, 3695447; 571723, 3695447;
571723, 3695390; 571751, 3695390; 571751, 3695362; 571723, 3695362;
571723, 3695333; 571694, 3695333; 571694, 3695192; 571723, 3695192;
571723, 3695163; 571751, 3695163; 571751, 3695192; 571836, 3695192;
571836, 3695163; 571865, 3695163; 571865, 3695078; 571978, 3695078;
571978, 3695050; 572007, 3695050; 572007, 3694993; 571978, 3694993;
571978, 3694965; 571950, 3694965; 571950, 3694879; 571978, 3694879;
571978, 3694851; 572007, 3694851; 572007, 3694823; 572063, 3694823;
572063, 3694738; 572035, 3694738; 572035, 3694709; 572007, 3694709;
572007, 3694624; 571978, 3694624; 571978, 3694596; 571921, 3694596;
571921, 3694511; 571950, 3694511; 571950, 3694369; 572092, 3694369;
572092, 3694340; 572177, 3694340; 572177, 3694312; 572205, 3694312;
572205, 3694085; 572177, 3694085; 572177, 3693830; 572319, 3693830;
572319, 3693660; 572290, 3693660; 572290, 3693546; 572319, 3693546;
572319, 3693518; 572347, 3693518; 572347, 3693489; 572404, 3693489;
572404, 3693461; 572432, 3693461; 572432, 3693489; 572460, 3693489;
572460, 3693518; 572489, 3693518; 572489, 3693546; 572517, 3693546;
572517, 3693574; 572546, 3693574; 572546, 3693603; 572602, 3693603;
572602, 3693660; 572631, 3693660; 572631, 3693688; 572687, 3693688;
572687, 3693716; 572744, 3693716; 572744, 3693773; 572801, 3693773;
572801, 3693745; 572829, 3693745; 572829, 3693716; 572858, 3693716;
572858, 3693603; 572886, 3693603; 572886, 3693575; 572914, 3693575;
572914, 3693518; 572971, 3693518; 572971, 3693489; 572999, 3693489;
572999, 3693404; 573028, 3693404; 573028, 3693149; 573056, 3693149;
573056, 3693121; 573085, 3693121; 573085, 3693007; 573113, 3693007;
573113, 3692979; 573141, 3692979; 573141, 3692950; 573170, 3692950;
573170, 3692979; 573198, 3692979; 573198, 3692950; 573312, 3692950;
573312, 3692894; 573340, 3692894; 573340, 3692837; 573368, 3692837;
573368, 3692809; 573425, 3692809; 573425, 3692752; 573453, 3692752;
573453, 3692723; 573482, 3692723; 573482, 3692667; 573510, 3692667;
573510, 3692638; 573538, 3692638; 573538, 3692610; 573567, 3692610;
573567, 3692582; 573595, 3692582; 573595, 3692525; 573624, 3692525;
573624, 3692411; 573652, 3692411; 573652, 3692355; 573680, 3692355;
573680, 3692326; 573709, 3692326; 573709, 3692270; 573737, 3692270;
573737, 3692241; 573765, 3692241; 573765, 3692184; 573794, 3692184;
573794, 3692128; 573822, 3692128; 573822, 3692071; 573879, 3692071;
573879, 3692099; 573907, 3692099; 573907, 3692326; 573879, 3692326;
573879, 3692468; 573851, 3692468; 573851, 3692610; 573822, 3692610;
573822, 3692752; 573851, 3692752; 573851, 3692780; 573822, 3692780;
573822, 3692979; 573851, 3692979; 574588, 3693121; 574588, 3693064;
574560, 3693061; 574560, 3693035; 574531, 3693035; 574531, 3693007;
574503, 3693007; 574503, 3692979; 574475, 3692979; 574475, 3692865;
574560, 3692865; 574560, 3692837; 574645, 3692837; 574645, 3692780;
574730, 3692780; 574730, 3692752; 574758, 3692752; 574758, 3692695;
574730, 3692695; 574730, 3692638; 574702, 3692638; 574702, 3692582;
574730, 3692582; 574730, 3692610; 574815, 3692610; 574815, 3692553;
574843, 3692553; 574843, 3692525; 574872, 3692525; 574872, 3692411;
574900, 3692411; 574900, 3692383; 574985, 3692383; 574985, 3692496;
575014, 3692496; 575014, 3692610; 575042, 3692610; 575042, 3692667;
575127, 3692667; 575127, 3692638; 575156, 3692638; 575156, 3692610;
575184, 3692610; 575184, 3692582; 575212, 3692582; 575212, 3692553;
575326, 3692553; 575326, 3692582; 575354, 3692582; 575354, 3692610;
575382, 3692610; 575382, 3692582; 575411, 3692582; 575411, 3692525;
575439, 3692525; 575439, 3692468; 575411, 3692468; 575411, 3692355;
575439, 3692355; 575439, 3692326; 575468, 3692326; 575468, 3692298;
575553, 3692298; 575553, 3692270; 575581, 3692270; 575581, 3692213;
575553, 3692213; 575553, 3692184; 575581, 3692184; 575581, 3692128;
575609, 3692128; 575609, 3692099; 575638, 3692099; 575638, 3692071;
575609, 3692071; 575609, 3692014; 575581, 3692014; 575581, 3691957;
575553, 3691957; 575553, 3691901; 575524, 3691901; 575524, 3691787;
575581, 3691787; 575581, 3691645; 575609, 3691645; 575609, 3691589;
575666, 3691589; 575666,

[[Page 57776]]

3691560; 575695, 3691560; 575695, 3691504; 575723, 3691504; 575723,
3691475; 575751, 3691475; 575751, 3691447; 575780, 3691447; 575780,
3691390; 575808, 3691390; 575808, 3691362; 575836, 3691362; 575836,
3691277; 575893, 3691277; 575893, 3691305; 575921, 3691305; 575921,
3691333; 575950, 3691333; 575978, 3691333; 575978, 3691447; 575950,
3691447; 575950, 3691532; 576007, 3691532; 576007, 3691504; 576120,
3691504; 576120, 3691475; 576148, 3691475; 576148, 3691447; 576177,
3691447; 576177, 3691248; 576205, 3691248; 576205, 3691220; 576262,
3691220; 576262, 3691248; 576319, 3691248; 576319, 3691532; 576347,
3691532; 576347, 3691617; 576375, 3691617; 576375, 3691674; 576347,
3691674; 576347, 3691759; 576404, 3691759; 576404, 3691816; 576489,
3691816; 576489, 3691759; 576517, 3691759; 576517, 3691731; 576546,
3691731; 576546, 3691702; 576574, 3691702; 576574, 3691504; 576744,
3691504; 576744, 3691447; 576716, 3691447; 576716, 3691333; 576687,
3691333; 576687, 3691305; 576659, 3691305; 576659, 3691248; 576631,
3691248; 576631, 3691163; 576687, 3691163; 576687, 3691135; 576744,
3691135; 576744, 3691021; 576716, 3691021; 576716, 3690879; 576744,
3690879; 576744, 3690851; 576801, 3690851; 576801, 3690879; 576886,
3690879; 576886, 3690851; 576943, 3690851; 576943, 3690879; 576971,
3690879; 576971, 3690908; 576943, 3690908; 576943, 3690965; 576971,
3690965; 576971, 3691050; 576999, 3691050; 576999, 3691106; 577028,
3691106; 577028, 3691191; 577056, 3691191; 577056, 3691220; 577085,
3691220; 577085, 3691248; 577170, 3691248; 577170, 3691220; 577198,
3691220; 577198, 3691191; 577226, 3691191; 577226, 3691163; 577255,
3691163; 577255, 3691135; 577283, 3691135; 577283, 3691163; 577312,
3691163; 577312, 3691191; 577340, 3691191; 577340, 3691277; 577397,
3691277; 577397, 3691248; 577453, 3691248; 577453, 3691220; 577510,
3691220; 577510, 3691248; 577567, 3691248; 577567, 3691277; 577624,
3691277; 577624, 3691248; 577652, 3691248; 577652, 3691220; 577680,
3691220; 577680, 3691191; 577737, 3691191; 577737, 3691277; 577765,
3691277; 577765, 3691305; 577794, 3691305; 577794, 3691362; 577822,
3691362; 577822, 3691390; 577851, 3691390; 577851, 3691418; 577936,
3691418; 577936, 3691447; 578021, 3691447; 578021, 3691475; 578049,
3691475; 578049, 3691560; 578021, 3691560; 578021, 3691617; 577992,
3691617; 577992, 3691731; 577964, 3691731; 577964, 3691759; 577942,
3691813; 577944, 3691860; 577997, 3691933; 578006, 3692036; 578030,
3692165; 578021, 3692284; 577993, 3692375; 577954, 3692414; 577905,
3692446; 577824, 3692457; 577748, 3692443; 577660, 3692384; 577557,
3692341; 577449, 3692316; 577381, 3692264; 577315, 3692216; 577182,
3692146; 577141, 3692070; 577077, 3692027; 577006, 3692042; 576933,
3691993; 576879, 3691970; 576836, 3691965; 576798, 3691978; 576773,
3692043; 576744, 3692043; 576744, 3692383; 576659, 3692383; 576659,
3692411; 576574, 3692411; 576574, 3692440; 576460, 3692440; 576460,
3692468; 576404, 3692468; 576404, 3692496; 576290, 3692496; 576290,
3692525; 576234, 3692525; 576234, 3692582; 576177, 3692582; 576177,
3692610; 576148, 3692610; 576148, 3692638; 576092, 3692638; 576092,
3692723; 576063, 3692723; 576063, 3692809; 576092, 3692809; 576092,
3692837; 576063, 3692837; 576063, 3692979; 576035, 3692979; 576035,
3693036; 576007, 3693036; 576007, 3693121; 575978, 3693121; 575978,
3693149; 575950, 3693149; 575950, 3693177; 575921, 3693177; 575921,
3693149; 575836, 3693149; 575836, 3693177; 575723, 3693177; 575723,
3693262; 575751, 3693262; 575751, 3693348; 575780, 3693348; 575780,
3693376; 575808, 3693376; 575808, 3693404; 575780, 3693404; 575780,
3693433; 575638, 3693433; 575638, 3693404; 575524, 3693404; 575524,
3693433; 575439, 3693433; 575439, 3693404; 575382, 3693404; 575382,
3693433; 575241, 3693433; 575241, 3693489; 575212, 3693489; 575212,
3693518; 575127, 3693518; 575127, 3693489; 575099, 3693489; 575099,
3693433; 575070, 3693433; 575070, 3693461; 575014, 3693461; 575014,
3693546; 574985, 3693546; 574985, 3693575; 575014, 3693575; 575014,
3693603; 574985, 3693603; 574985, 3693631; 574957, 3693631; 574957,
3693603; 574929, 3693603; 574882, 3693602; 574694, 3694053; 574529,
3694524; 574506, 3694971; 574529, 3695794; 574647, 3696406; 574906,
3696664; 575258, 3696758; 575280, 3696752; 575274, 3696773; 575645,
3697220; 575513, 3698626; 575417, 3698897; 575492, 3698895; 576140,
3698869; 576945, 3698837; 577106, 3698831; 577343, 3698821; 577751,
3698805; 578557, 3698773; 578791, 3698763; 579475, 3697914; 580051,
3696677; 579551, 3693708; 582948, 3690942; 583903, 3689828; 584752,
3688448; 585283, 3687440; 585601, 3686060; 585176, 3685052; 584327,
3684415; 583001, 3683885; 581412, 3683518; 578544, 3683407; 573769,
3685728; 571103, 3688624; 569357, 3691796; 568621, 3693129; 566231,
3694186; 563703, 3695151; 561175, 3695013; 558785, 3695335; 558279,
3694324; 558279, 3693450; 559382, 3692439; 560945, 3692347; 563703,
3692072; 564438, 3691198; 565312, 3687981; 565266, 3686326; 564209,
3684533; 563611, 3684809; 558831, 3689222; 557452, 3689314; 556533,
3689176; 556165, 3688256; 554924, 3681592; 554740, 3679385; 555843,
3676536; 556900, 3673686; 559934, 3670560; 564071, 3668400; 571333,
3665412; 576113, 3663390; 580066, 3661735; 582640, 3660448; 583515,
3655760; 585457, 3653852; 588867, 3652806; 590732, 3652397; 592550,
3651942; 594597, 3650441; 595642, 3648486; 595506, 3647213; 594960,
3645894; 593824, 3644985; 591505, 3645076; 589095, 3645485; 587412,
3646167; 583884, 3649167; 581648, 3650315; 578804, 3650497; 574811,
3651340; 572685, 3651727; 570688, 3651276; 569658, 3650825; 568964,
3650527; 568047, 3650310; 567279, 3650197; 566460, 3650255; 565466,
3650948; 564605, 3651791; 564019, 3652596; 563917, 3652839; 563977,
3653013; 564098, 3653155; 564244, 3653230; 564404, 3653262; 564518,
3653262; 564546, 3653262; 564546, 3653205; 564575, 3653205; 564575,
3653177; 564631, 3653177; 564631, 3653205; 564688, 3653205; 564688,
3653233; 564716, 3653233; 564716, 3653262; 564773, 3653262; 564773,
3653290; 564830, 3653290; 564830, 3653319; 564858, 3653319; 564858,
3653347; 564915, 3653347; 564915, 3653319; 565057, 3653319; 565057,
3653347; 565142, 3653347; 565142, 3653319; 565227, 3653319; 565227,
3653290; 565539, 3653290; 565539, 3653262; 565567, 3653262; 565567,
3653233; 565596, 3653233; 565596, 3653205; 565624, 3653205; 565624,
3653148; 565596, 3653148; 565596, 3653092; 565709, 3653092; 565709,
3653063; 565738, 3653063; 565738, 3653035; 565794, 3653035; 565794,
3653006; 565823, 3653006; 565823, 3652978; 565851, 3652978; 565851,
3652950; 565936, 3652950; 565936, 3652978; 565965, 3652978; 565965,
3653006; 565993, 3653006; 565993, 3653035; 566021, 3653035; 566021,
3653063; 566078, 3653063; 566078, 3653148; 566050, 3653148; 566050,
3653177; 566021, 3653177; 566021, 3653205; 566135, 3653205; 566135,
3653177; 566163, 3653177; 566163, 3653205; 566192, 3653205; 566192,
3653262; 566220, 3653262; 566220, 3653290; 566277, 3653290; 566277,

[[Page 57777]]

3653319; 566305, 3653319; 566305, 3653375; 566277, 3653375; 566277,
3653404; 566248, 3653404; 566248, 3653432; 566277, 3653432; 566277,
3653517; 566248, 3653517; 566248, 3653574; 566305, 3653574; 566305,
3653631; 566277, 3653631; 566277, 3653659; 566248, 3653659; 566248,
3653687; 566192, 3653687; 566192, 3653659; 566135, 3653659; 566135,
3653744; 566163, 3653744; 566163, 3653801; 566192, 3653801; 566192,
3653829; 566248, 3653829; 566248, 3653801; 566277, 3653801; 566277,
3653772; 566333, 3653772; 566333, 3653744; 566390, 3653744; 566390,
3653716; 566560, 3653716; 566560, 3653687; 566589, 3653687; 566589,
3653659; 566645, 3653659; 566645, 3653631; 566674, 3653631; 566674,
3653602; 566702, 3653602; 566702, 3653574; 566731, 3653574; 566731,
3653545; 566759, 3653545; 566759, 3653517; 566844, 3653517; 566844,
3653489; 566816, 3653489; 566816, 3653460; 566787, 3653460; 566787,
3653432; 566759, 3653432; 566759, 3653404; 566731, 3653404; 566731,
3653347; 566702, 3653347; 566702, 3653319; 566674, 3653319; 566674,
3653262; 566645, 3653262; 566645, 3653233; 566589, 3653233; 566589,
3653205; 566560, 3653205; 566560, 3653233; 566532, 3653233; 566532,
3653177; 566504, 3653177; 566504, 3653148; 566532, 3653148; 566532,
3653092; 566560, 3653092; 566560, 3653063; 566589, 3653063; 566589,
3653035; 566674, 3653035; 566674, 3653063; 566731, 3653063; 566731,
3653092; 566759, 3653092; 566759, 3653120; 566787, 3653120; 566787,
3653148; 566872, 3653148; 566872, 3653177; 566957, 3653177; 566957,
3653205; 566986, 3653205; 566986, 3653233; 567014, 3653233; 567014,
3653290; 566986, 3653290; 566986, 3653319; 566957, 3653319; 566957,
3653347; 566901, 3653347; 566901, 3653375; 566872, 3653375; 566872,
3653432; 566901, 3653432; 566901, 3653489; 566957, 3653489; 566957,
3653517; 567071, 3653517; 567071, 3653489; 567241, 3653489; 567241,
3653517; 567355, 3653517; 567355, 3653545; 567440, 3653545; 567440,
3653517; 567468, 3653517; 567468, 3653489; 567496, 3653489; 567496,
3653432; 567553, 3653432; 567553, 3653460; 567582, 3653460; 567582,
3653489; 567638, 3653489; 567638, 3653517; 567667, 3653517; 567667,
3653489; 567780, 3653489; 567780, 3653545; 567752, 3653545; 567752,
3653602; 567723, 3653602; 567723, 3653631; 567695, 3653631; 567695,
3653659; 567667, 3653659; 567667, 3653687; 567638, 3653687; 567638,
3653829; 567610, 3653829; 567610, 3653943; 567468, 3653943; 567468,
3653914; 567411, 3653914; 567411, 3653886; 567355, 3653886; 567355,
3653858; 567298, 3653858; 567298, 3653829; 567270, 3653829; 567270,
3653858; 567184, 3653858; 567184, 3653886; 567156, 3653886; 567156,
3653914; 567099, 3653914; 567099, 3653943; 567071, 3653943; 567071,
3653971; 567099, 3653971; 567099, 3654028; 567128, 3654028; 567128,
3654056; 567156, 3654056; 567156, 3654084; 567241, 3654084; 567241,
3654113; 567298, 3654113; 567298, 3654141; 567355, 3654141; 567355,
3654340; 567383, 3654340; 567383, 3654397; 567298, 3654397; 567298,
3654425; 567270, 3654425; 567270, 3654510; 567326, 3654510; 567326,
3654595; 567270, 3654595; 567270, 3654624; 567156, 3654624; 567156,
3654652; 567128, 3654652; 567128, 3654680; 567071, 3654680; 567071,
3654709; 567014, 3654709; 566216, 3654880; 565299, 3655720; 564154,
3656560; 563753, 3657028; 562755, 3657358; 562092, 3657629; 561252,
3657782; 560641, 3658164; 558413, 3659512; 557263, 3660178; 557445,
3662054; 557021, 3663264; 556335, 3663929; 556009, 3665045; 555823,
3665882; 555172, 3666626; 554521, 3667556; 554196, 3668486; 554010,
3669462; 554242, 3670113; 554661, 3670585; 554903, 3671311; 552665,
3672703; 552483, 3673973; 551273, 3676030; 550747, 3676670; 550555,
3677054; 550555, 3677601; 550849, 3678390; 551092, 3679540; 550870,
3680865; 550929, 3680865; 550929, 3680893; 550957, 3680893; 550957,
3680922; 550985, 3680922; 550985, 3680950; 551127, 3680950; 551127,
3680922; 551156, 3680922; 551156, 3680950; 551354, 3680950; 551354,
3680978; 551383, 3680978; 551383, 3681035; 551411, 3681035; 551411,
3681092; 551383, 3681092; 551383, 3681120; 551354, 3681120; 551354,
3681149; 551326, 3681149; 551326, 3681205; 551298, 3681205; 551298,
3681262; 551269, 3681262; 551269, 3681319; 551298, 3681319; 551298,
3681461; 551326, 3681461; 551326, 3681574; 551298, 3681574; 551298,
3681603; 551127, 3681603; 551127, 3681631; 551099, 3681631; 551099,
3681659; 551071, 3681659; 551071, 3681688; 551042, 3681688; 551042,
3681716; 550985, 3681716; 550985, 3681688; 550957, 3681688; 550957,
3681631; 550929, 3681631; 550929, 3681603; 550872, 3681603; 550872,
3681574; 550844, 3681574; 550844, 3681546; 550702, 3681546; 550702,
3681517; 550617, 3681517; 550617, 3681546; 550416, 3681546; 550333,
3681652; 550333, 3681659; 550327, 3681659; 550305, 3681688; 550305,
3681716; 550283, 3681716; 550276, 3681724; 550276, 3681744; 550261,
3681744; 549760, 3682384; 549700, 3683291; 550486, 3684441; 551515,
3685469; 550849, 3686679; 549518, 3689342; 548671, 3690854; 546070,
3695090; 544980, 3695937; 544617, 3696905; 545888, 3697631; 546191,
3698478; 545222, 3699809; 545172, 3700536; 544779, 3700891; 543838,
3701122; 543700, 3701200; 543600, 3701200; 543600, 3701500; 543769,
3701639; 544355, 3701901; 544740, 3702171; 545195, 3702271; 547397,
3702286; 547571, 3702255; 547729, 3702212; 547826, 3702175; 547943,
3702114; 548059, 3702055; 548190, 3701939; 548253, 3701863; 548253,
3701768; 548209, 3701711; 548133, 3701673; 547949, 3701603; 547891,
3701565; 547891, 3701476; 548006, 3701380; 548076, 3701279; 548203,
3701234; 548317, 3701247; 548431, 3701272; 548602, 3701347; 548744,
3701347; 548744, 3701376; 548772, 3701376; 548772, 3701461; 548801,
3701461; 548801, 3701489; 548886, 3701489; 549375, 3701732; 549903,
3701990; 550456, 3702236; 551046, 3702494; 551673, 3702715; 552177,
3702794; 552296, 3702778; 552431, 3702734; 552589, 3702681; 552696,
3702627; thence returning to 552772, 3702586.
    (ii) Note: Map of Unit 2B, South Santa Rosa Mountains south to
Vallecito Mountains (Map 4) follows:
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 57778]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP10OC07.003

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C

[[Page 57779]]

    (9) Unit 3: Carrizo Canyon, San Diego and Imperial Counties,
California.
    (i) From USGS 1:24,000 quadrangles Agua Caliente Hot Springs,
Arroyo Tapiado, Carrizo Mountain, In-Ko-Pah Gorge, Jacumba, Painted
Gorge, Sombrero Peak, and Sweeney Pass. Land bounded by the following
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) North American Datum of 1927
(NAD27) coordinates (E, N): 574159, 3634261; 574922, 3634108; 575915,
3634261; 577290, 3634566; 578359, 3634566; 579199, 3634261; 580039,
3633879; 581032, 3633421; 582406, 3633192; 583705, 3632810; 584697,
3632810; 586225, 3633039; 587370, 3633497; 588134, 3633726; 588821,
3633879; 589738, 3634795; 589508, 3635253; 589738, 3635635; 590119,
3635941; 590959, 3635941; 591952, 3635559; 592792, 3635406; 593632,
3634871; 594320, 3634031; 595083, 3632810; 595771, 3631511; 596000,
3630519; 595923, 3629679; 595312, 3628915; 594702, 3628304; 594167,
3628075; 592411, 3627998; 591189, 3627998; 590425, 3627998; 589280,
3628228; 588058, 3628915; 587141, 3629144; 586301, 3629449; 585003,
3629984; 583857, 3630595; 583170, 3630748; 582330, 3630671; 581566,
3630824; 580650, 3630824; 579581, 3630671; 578664, 3629679; 578283,
3628915; 578283, 3628151; 578206, 3626700; 578130, 3625784; 577595,
3625631; 577290, 3625326; 577214, 3624791; 577290, 3623951; 577825,
3623187; 578512, 3622653; 579275, 3621736; 580039, 3621126; 583136,
3619091; 585446, 3617261; 585698, 3616826; 585744, 3615522; 585561,
3614538; 584920, 3613898; 584193, 3613692; 583552, 3613600; 583021,
3614241; 582399, 3615485; 581960, 3616712; 580596, 3618451; 580070,
3618565; 579046, 3618300; 578054, 3617918; 578061, 3617609; 577347,
3616950; 576981, 3616492; 576221, 3616085; 575763, 3615856; 574923,
3615933; 574159, 3616238; 573548, 3616620; 573013, 3616849; 572326,
3617154; 571562, 3617765; 570875, 3618453; 570799, 3618987; 570417,
3619751; 570493, 3620515; 570722, 3621813; 570722, 3622500; 570722,
3623493; 570646, 3624333; 570417, 3625097; 570417, 3625937; 570188,
3626700; 570417, 3627846; 572249, 3630519; 572555, 3631664; 572478,
3632657; 572020, 3633955; 571486, 3634872; 570951, 3635864; 570187,
3637239; 569729, 3637774; 569042, 3638156; 568125, 3638308; 567209,
3638614; 566674, 3638996; 566522, 3639606; 566216, 3640294; 565911,
3641134; 565681, 3641668; 565376, 3642050; 564841, 3642508; 564460,
3642890; 564536, 3643425; 565147, 3644265; 565452, 3645029; 567132,
3644799; 568278, 3644189; 569271, 3643501; 569958, 3642508; 570111,
3641897; 570874, 3641668; 571715, 3640676; 572249, 3639072; 572937,
3638232; 573318, 3637086; 573318, 3635635; 573548, 3634643; thence
returning to 574159, 3634261.
    (ii) Note: Map of Unit 3, Carrizo Canyon (Map 5) follows:
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P

[[Page 57780]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP10OC07.004

* * * * *

    Dated: September 28, 2007.
Todd Willens,
Acting Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
[FR Doc. 07-4959 Filed 10-9-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4310-55-C
Notices For
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Peninsular Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) and Proposed Taxonomic Revision

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