![[logo] US EPA](http://www.epa.gov/epafiles/images/logo_epaseal.gif){kind=logo}
Torch Lake
Contact Information
U.S. EPA RAP Liaison
Firstname Lastname
(lastname.firstname@epa.gov)
312-000-0000
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5 Office of Regional Counsel
77 W. Jackson Blvd. (C-14J)
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
U.S. EPA-GLNPO Contact
Firstname Lastname
(lastname.firstname@epa.gov)
312-000-0000
U.S. EPA Region 5
77 W. Jackson Blvd. (G-17J)
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
State RAP Contact
Firstname Lastname
(ddd)
000-000-0000
REST OF ADDRESS
U.S. EPA RAP Liaison:
Brenda R. Jones, RAP Liaison
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
77 West Jackson Blvd. (SR-6J)
Chicago, IL 60604
312-886-7188
312-886-4071
Email: jones.brenda@epa.gov
State RAP Contact:
Sharon Baker, RAP Contact
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Water Bureau
P.O. Box 30273
Lansing, MI 48909-7773
Tel: (517) 335-3310
Fax: (517) 373-9958
Email: BAKERSL@michigan.gov
Torch Lake Public Advisory Council:
Dave Jukuri, Chair
1100 Century Way
P.O. Box 97
Houghton, MI 49931
Tel: (906) 482-0001
Fax: (906) 482-1310
Email: c21ncah@up.net
Dan Lorenzetti, Secretary
100 Isle Royal Sands
Houghton, MI 49931
Tel: (906) 482-2731
Fax: (906) 482-49931
Email: Dan@superiorblock.com
Local Coordinator:
James Trevethan, SPAC Representative
17463 Osma Plat Road
Houghton, MI 49931
Tel: (906) 482-4951
Partners & Stakeholders 
- Adams Township
- Calumet Township
- Chassell Township
- City of Hancock
- City of Houghton
- Elm River Township
- Franklin Township
- Hancock Township
- Houghton Co. Natural Resources Conservation Service
- Houghton County Board of Commissioners
- Keweenaw Bay Indians , Band of Chippewa
- Keweenaw National Historical Park
- Lake Linden Village
- Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources
- Michigan Statewide Public Advisory Council
- Michigan Technological University, Center for Science and Environmental Outreach
- Osceola Township
- Portage Township
- Quincy Township
- Schoolcraft Township
- Stanton Township
- Torch Lake Public Advisory Council
- Torch Lake Township
- U.S. EPA - Great Lakes National Program Office
- U.S. EPA - Superfund
Frequent Acronyms
- Background
- Beneficial Use Impairments
- Delisting Targets
- RAP Development and Status
- Significant RAP Milestones
- RAP Implementation
- RAP-Related Publications
- Community Involvement
- Photos
You will need the free Adobe Reader to view some of the files on this page. See EPA's PDF page to learn more.
Background
Torch Lake became an Area of Concern (AOC) due to fish tumors of unknown origin which resulted in fish consumption advisories. The 1987 RAP document identified three Beneficial Use Impairments (BUIs) for the Torch Lake AOC. Fish Tumors; Degraded Benthos; Fish Consumption Advisories.
The Torch Lake Area of Concern is located on the Keweenaw Peninsula within Houghton County on the northwestern shore of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula and on Lake Superior’s southern shore. The region is locally known as the Copper Country. Deposits of native (elemental) copper are found in the Portage Lakes Lava Series, a long narrow bedrock formation which extends from the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula southwest to the Michigan-Wisconsin border covering a distance of over one hundred miles.
Copper-bearing ore on the Keweenaw Peninsula contains copper in its native or natural metallic form. For this reason, it has been a source of copper for people for thousands of years. More recently, it is the waste products from the industrial milling, smelting, and leaching operations of the mined copper bearing ore that have created the present environmental concern. These industrial processes began during the 1840s and continued for more than a century until all mining and related operations ceased in 1968. Those processes left stamp sands and slags deposited either on the surface of the surrounding landscape or in adjacent lakes and streams. Portions of the surficial materials eroded into nearby waterbodies.
It is estimated that more than 10.5 billion pounds of copper were produced in the Copper Country between the mid-1840s and 1968. Half of this output was processed at sites scattered across the Copper Country landscape. The remainder was processed along the western shoreline of Torch Lake, a 2,700 acre body of water in Houghton County. About 200 million tons of copper ore tailings were deposited in Torch Lake, displacing about 20 percent of the lake’s original volume (MDNR 1987).
The Torch Lake Area of Concern Boundary was described in the 1987 Torch Lake Remedial Action Plan (RAP) document "…..Torch Lake and its immediate environs." Immediate environs can be described as those areas along the shore of Torch Lake proper where wastes from the production of copper contributed directly to the contaminate loadings of Torch Lake. These areas had stamp sands and water quenched slags dumped on the shore and into the lake during the copper production process. The AOC boundary was formally agreed to by the Torch Lake Public Advisory Council (TLPAC), U.S. EPA and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality in 2005.
Beneficial Use Impairments
- Restrictions on fish and wildlife consumption
- Degradation of benthos
The 1987 RAP document identified three Beneficial Use Impairments (BUIs) for the Torch Lake AOC:
- Fish Tumors
- Degraded Benthos
- Fish Consumption Advisories
Delisting Targets
The Torch Lake AOC Public Advisory Council has requested that the
State of Michigan begin the AOC delisting process for their AOC. A
technical committee was developed comprised of staff from state and
federal agencies and the PAC. The technical committee determined to
use delisting criteria based on the recently released Guidance for Delisting Michigan’s Great Lakes Areas of Concern (PDF 508Kb 61 pages) 
document, released January 2006.
RAP Development and Status
- December 2005: First draft of the Delisting Determination Document for the Torch Lake Area of Concern completed. (unavailable)
- 2002: Draft Remedial Action Plan Update completed. (unavailable)
- 1987: Michigan Department of Natural Resources Remedial Action Plan for the Torch Lake Area of Concern (PDF 3.35Mb 80 pages) completed.
RAP Implementation
Remedial Actions
The Torch Lake Area of Concern included four of 14 Superfund Areas
that were divided into operable units (OU). Two of three OUs, i.e.
OU 1 and OU2, as designated under the two Superfund Record of
Decisions, were applicable to the Torch Lake Area of Concern. These
were:
- OU 1 - includes the stamp sands, water quenched slags and other mining wastes deposited along the Torch Lake shoreline.
- OU 2 - includes ground water, surface water and submerged stamp sands and sediments in Torch Lake, Portage Lake, the Keweenaw Waterway/Portage Ship Canal, the Lake Superior Shoreline from south of the North Entry to Freda/Red Ridge, Boston Pond and Calumet Lake
The selected remedy for OU 1 was to cover with soil and seed down to prevent erosional actions by wind and water. Remedial actions for the Torch Lake Superfund Site were completed by September 2005. Some parcels have already been deleted from the National Priorities List (NPL). Once all parcels are deleted, planned for 2008, the state will assume Operation and Maintenance of the areas which includes long term monitoring of all OUs. Under the ROD for OU 2, natural attenuation was the selected remedy for the lakes. OU 2 has been deleted from the NPL.
Current projects and outlook
- Delisting Determination Document under development.
RAP-Related Publications
- 2007: The Michigan Department of
Environmental Quality Biennial Remedial Action Plan Update For
the Torch Lake Area of Concern
(PDF 2.18Mb, 48 pages) - 2005: NPL Fact Sheets for Michigan: Torch lake, U.S. EPA Region 5
- 2001: Baseline Study Report: Torch Lake Superfund Site, Houghton County, Michigan, U.S. EPA-Superfund.
- 1996: A Mining Legacy: Torch Lake and Area of Concern (18-minute video), Houghton/Keweenaw Soil and Water Conservation District.
- 1994: Declaration for the Record of Decision for Operable Unit II, Houghton County, Michigan, U.S. EPA.
- 1992: Declaration for the Record of Decision for Operable Units I & III, Houghton County, Michigan (PDF 72Kb, 30 pages), U.S. EPA.
Community Involvement
Public election of the members of the Torch Lake Public Advisory Council (TLPAC) took place in the spring of 1997. In less than one year the group adopted its by-laws, mission statement, goals and objectives, and incorporated as a tax-exempt, nonprofit Michigan corporation. It has received contributions from local governments, businesses, environmental groups, and private individuals to help defray logistical expenses. In addition, TLAPAC has been awarded over $24,000 from agency grants and private foundations.
Currently, there are seven schools within the AOC that have instituted Adopt-A-Stream projects. The Keweenaw Waterway Trail Association, in cooperation with local and state agencies, has developed a series of low-impact boating campsites along the waterway.
Photos
Mason Stamp Sand Parcel of Torch Lake AOC after remediation
Mason Stamp Sand Parcel of Torch Lake AOC before remediation
Mason Stamp Sand Parcel of Torch Lake AOC after Superfund remediation. Note dredge and smelter leftover from the copper mining days.
Hubbell/Tamarack City Stamp Sand Parcel of Torch Lake AOC during remediation
Hubbell/Tamarack City Stamp Sand Parcel of Torch Lake AOC after remediation
Wildlife abounds on the newly vegetated stamp sands of Torch Lake AOC. Small mammal survey results show wildlife is quite abundant on newly revegetated stamp sands compared to unremediated stamp sands where we did not find any wildlife at all.
Wildlife abounds on the newly vegetated stamp sands of Torch Lake AOC. Small mammal survey results show wildlife is quite abundant on newly revegetated stamp sands compared to unremediated stamp sands where we did not find any wildlife at all.