Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy

Stakeholder Forum - 1998

IMPLEMENTING THE BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY
Alkyl-Lead Workgroups

Draft Report and Findings on U.S. Challenges

Report on Use of Alkyl-Lead in Automotive Gasoline

Table of Contents

• 1.0 INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 ALKYL-LEAD CHALLENGE
  • 1.2 DESCRIPTION OF ALKYL-LEAD
  • 1.3 HEALTH EFFECTS OF LEAD EXPOSURE
• 2.0 OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL AND STATE REGULATIONS GOVERNING ALKYL-LEAD
• 3.0 STATUS OF DOMESTIC USE OF GASOLINE CONTAINING ALKYL-LEAD IN ON-ROAD VEHICLES
  • 3.1 PRODUCTION OF GASOLINE CONTAINING ALKYL-LEAD
  • 3.2 LEAD EMISSIONS
• 4.0 COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT
• 5.0 CONCLUSIONS
• 6.0 REFERENCES

List of Tables

1. Properties of Tetraethyl Lead and Tetramethyl Lead
2. 1995 and 1996 National Lead Emissions by Source Category
3. Violations Issued for Excess Lead-Levels in Gasoline

List of Figures

1. Relationship between the phase-out of leaded gasoline in on-road vehicles and the decline in children’s blood-lead levels in the U.S.
2. Summary of Unleaded vs. Leaded Gasoline Production 1967-1991
3. Total Lead Emissions (Short Tons) by Year
4. Percentage of 1996 National Emission Estimates by Source (Short Tons)