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Preliminary Investigation Of The Extent And Effects Of Sediment Contamination In White Lake, MI
White Lake is a 2,571 acre, drowned-rivermouth lake located on the eastern
shore of Lake Michigan in Muskegon County. White Lake was designated an Area of Concern
(AOC) in 1985 by the International Joint Commission because of historical discharges of
heavy metals and organic chemicals. Recent and historical studies have indicated extensive
contamination of sediments in White Lake. Elevated levels of chromium, lead, arsenic, and
mercury were detected in the northeastern section of the lake in 1982. The current extent
of sediment contamination in the area near Tannery Bay is unknown with respect to spatial
and vertical distribution. Since previous studies have focused only on chemical
contamination, the ecological effects of the heavy metal contamination have not been
evaluated.
The objectives of this investigation
were to define the ecological effects of the heavy metal contamination in Tannery Bay and
to conduct a preliminary assessment of heavy metal contamination in eastern White Lake.
Table of Contents (back
to top)
Preliminary Investigation Of The Extent And Effects Of Sediment Contamination In White
Lake, MI
0.1 about the White Lake report
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Project Objectives And Task Elements
1.2 Experimental Design
1.3 References
2.0 Sampling Locations
3.0 Methods
3.1 Sampling Methods
3.2 Chemical Analysis Methods
3.3 Radiochemistry
3.4 Sediment Toxicity
3.5 Laboratory Bioaccumulation
Studies
3.6 Mesocosms
3.7 References
4.0 Results And Discussions
4.1 Sediment Chemistry
4.2 Radiochemistry And Detailed Stratigraphy
4.3 Sediment Toxicity Results
4.4 Benthic Macroinvertebrates
4.5 Mercury Bioaccumulation
4.6 Organic Analysis Of Selected Sediment Cores
4.7 References
5.0 Summary
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
List of Tables
Table 2.1 White Lake Sampling Locations
Table 3.1 Sample Containers, Preservatives, And
Holding Times
Table 3.2.1 Analytical Methods And Detection Limits
Table 3.2.2 Organic Parameters And Detection Limits
Table 3.2.3 Method Specific Data Quality Objectives
Surrogate
Table 3.4.1 Test Conditions For Conducting A Ten Day
Sediment Toxicity
Test With Hyalella azetca
Table 3.4.2 Recommended Test Conditions For
Conducting A Ten Day
Sediment Toxicity Test With Chironomus tentans
Table 3.5.1 Test Conditions For Conducting A Four
Day Sediment Toxicity
Test With Lumbriculus variegatus
Table 3.5.2 Test Conditions For Conducting A 28 Day
Sediment Bioaccumulation With Lumbriculus variegatus
Table 4.1.1 Results Of Tannery Bay Exterior Core
Samples
Table 4.1.2 Results Of Ponar Samples From Tannery
Bay Exterior And Interior Stations
Table 4.1.3 Comparison Of Chemistry Data From Ponar
Samples (1996)
And The Top Sections Of The EPA 1994 Core Samples (Bolattino and Fox 1995)
Table 4.1.4 Summary Of Recent Sediment Quality
Guidelines
Table 4.1.5 Comparison Of Ponar Samples Results
From Tannery Bay And Eastern White With Sediment Quality Guidelines
Table 4.2.1 Results Of Detailed Stratigraphy
Analysis Of The Piston Core Sample From Station I-5M
Table 4.2.2 Results Of Detailed Stratigraphy
Analysis Of The Piston Core Sample From Station I-7M
Table 4.2.3 Radiochemistry Results For I-5M
Table 4.2.4 Radiochemistry Results For I-7M
Table 4.3.1 Physical Appearance Of Sediments
Collected In October 1996
Table 4.3.2 Physical Appearance Of Sediments
Collected In April 1997
Table 4.3.3 Summary Of Hyalella azteca Survival Data
Obtained During
The 10 Day Toxicity Test With White Lake Sediments
Table 4.3.4 Statistical Analysis Of Hyalella azteca
Survival Data
Table 4.3.5 Summary Of Chironomus tentans Survival
Data Obtained During The 10 Day Toxicity Test With White Lake Sediments
Table 4.3.6 Statistical Analysis Of Chironomus
tentans Survival Data
Table 4.3.7 Summary Of Hyalella azteca Survival Data
Obtained During
The 10 Day Toxicity Test With White Lake Sediments, April 1997 Samples
Table 4.3.8 Statistical Analysis Of Hyalella azteca
Survival Data, April 1997
Table 4.4.1 Description Of Substrate Material Left In
The Sample After
Elutriation Through A Nitex Sleeve With Openings Of 0.5 MM
Table 4.4.2 Mean Density Per Square Meter Of Taxa
Collected At The
Exterior Stations In White Lake In October 1996
Table 4.4.3 Mean Density Per Square Meter Of Taxa
Collected At The
Interior Stations In White Lake In October 1996
Table 4.4.4 Mean Density Per Square Meter Of Taxa
Collected At The
Interior And Control Stations In White Lake In October 1996
Table 4.4.5 Mean Density Of Most Abundant Benthic
Macroinvertebrate Taxa In Three Regions In White Lake, October 1996
Table 4.4.6 Mean Density Per Square Meter Of Most
Abundant Benthic
Macroinvertebrate Groups In Three Regions In White Lake, April 1997
Table 4.5.1 Summary Of Oligachaete Survival Data
Obtained When
Exposed To White Lake Sediments For 4 Days
Table 4.5.2 Results Of Mercury Bioaccumulation
Experiments With Lumbriculus variegatus
Table 4.5.3 Results Of Mercury Analyses Conducted On
Ictalurus punctatus From The Mesocosms
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 White Lake
Figure 1.2 White Lake Sediment Investigation Task
Elements
Figure 1.3 Tannery Bay Exterior Sampling Stations
Figure 1.4 Tannery Bay Interior Sampling Stations
Figure 4.1.1 Chromium Results For Core Samples From
Tannery Bay Exterior Stations, October 1996
Figure 4.1.2 Arsenic Results For Core Samples From
Tannery Bay Exterior Stations, October 1996
Figure 4.1.3 Mercury Results For Core Samples From
Tannery Bay Exterior Stations, October 1996
Figure 4.1.4 Concentrations Of Arsenic, Chromium,
And Mercury In Ponar Samples From Tannery Bay Exterior Stations, October 1996
Figure 4.1.5 Concentrations Of Arsenic, Chromium,
And Mercury In Ponar Samples From Tannery Bay Interior Stations, October 1996
Figure 4.1.6 Comparison Of The 1994 Top Core
Sections (Bolattino and Fox 1995) And 1996 Ponar Samples From Tannery Bay
Figure 4.1.7 Comparison Of The Chromium Results
From The 1994 Top
Core Sections (Bolattino and Fox 1995) And 1996 Ponar Samples From Tannery Bay
Figure 4.1.8 Chromium Results For Core Samples From
The 1994 EPA Tannery Bay Stations, (Bolattino and Fox 1995)
Figure 4.1.9 Mercury Results For Core Samples From
The 1994 EPA Tannery Bay Stations, (Bolattino and Fox 1995)
Figure 4.1.10 Arsenic Results For Core Samples
From The 1994 EPA Tannery Bay Stations, (Bolattino and Fox 1995)
Figure 4.1.11 Comparison Of Arsenic Concentrations
From Ponar Samples At The Exterior And Interior Stations (1996)
Figure 4.1.12 Comparison Of Mercury Concentrations
From Ponar Samples At The Exterior And Interior Stations (1996)
Figure 4.1.13 Comparison Of Chromium
Concentrations From Ponar Samples At The Exterior And Interior Stations (1996)
Figure 4.2.1 Results Of Detailed Stratigraphy
Analysis Of The Piston Core From Station I-5M
Figure 4.2.2 Results Of Detailed Stratigraphy
Analysis Of The Piston Core From Station I-7M
Figure 4.2.3 Activity Versus Depth Of Total 210Pb
And 226Ra At Station I-5M.
Figure 4.2.4 Activity Versus Depth Of Excess 210Pb
And 137Cs At Station I-5M
Figure 4.2.5 Activity Versus Depth Of Total 210Pb
And 226Ra At Station I-7M.
Figure 4.2.6 Activity Versus Depth Of Excess 210Pb
And 137Cs At Station I-7M.
Figure 4.2.7 Chromium Concentrations And
Excess 210Pb Versus Depth At Station I-5M.
Figure 4.2.8 Chromium Concentrations And Excess
210Pb Versus Depth At Station I-7M
Figure 4.6.1 Results Of Semivolatiles Analysis On
Core Samples From Stations E-7 And E-9.
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