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Acknowledgments
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION
Background
ARCS Guidance
Document Purpose and Scope
In-Situ Capping Overview
Design Sequence for In-Situ Capping
CHAPTER TWO - SITE EVALUATION
Remediation
Objectives
Remediation Scope
Site Conditions
Regulatory and Legal Considerations
Preliminary Feasibility Determination
CHAPTER THREE - IN-SITU CAP
DESIGN
General
Considerations
Identification of Capping Materials
Physical Isolation Component
Stabilization/Erosion Protection Component
Chemical Isolation Component
Component Interactions
Geotechnical Considerations
Operational Considerations
CHAPTER FOUR - EQUIPMENT AND
PLACEMENT TECHNIQUES
General Considerations
Equipment and Placement Techniques for Granular Cap
Materials
Equipment and Placement Techniques for Armoring Layers
Placement of Geosynthetic Fabrics
Positioning Requirements
CHAPTER FIVE - MONITORING AND
MANAGEMENT
Monitoring
Requirements
Design of Monitoring Programs and Plans
Construction Monitoring
Cap Performance Monitoring
Management Actions
CHAPTER SIX - SUMMARY
Summary
Recommendations
References
Appendix A: Design of Armor Layers
[ portable document file: 179KB ]
Appendix B: Model for Evaluation of Long Term Flux of
Contaminants
[ portable
document file: 239KB ]
Appendix C: Case Studies on Geotechnical
Aspects of In-Situ Sand Capping
[ portable document file: 432KB ]
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Summary of In-Situ
Capping Projects
Table 2-1. Standard Geotechnical Laboratory Test
Procedures
Table 2. Sample of Tiered Monitoring Program for Dredged
Material Capping
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.
Conceptual Illustration of Dredged Material Capping and In-Situ Capping Options
Figure 2. Flowchart Showing Sequence of Steps Involved
with the Design of an In-Situ Capping Project.
Figure 3. Flowchart Showing Steps Involved in Design and
Evaluation of Various In-Situ Cap Components.
Figure 4. Illustrations of Alternative Combinations of
Cap Components.
Figure 5. Laboratory Methods to Evaluate Chemical
Isolation by Caps.
Figure 6. Relationship Between Relative Density and
Effective Friction Angle for Clean Sands.
Figure 7. Recommended Cap Edge Overlap.
Figure 8. Conceptual Illustrations of Equipment Which Can
Be Considered for Capping.
Figure 9. Land-based Cap Placement at Sheboygan River.
Figure 10. Spreading Technique for Capping by Barge
Movement at Denny Way, Puget Sound.
Figure 11. Hydraulic Washing of Coarse Sand, Eagle
Harbor, Puget Sound.
Figure 12. Spreader Plate for Hydraulic Pipeline
Discharge.
Figure 13. Spreader Box or "Sand Box" for
Hydraulic Pipeline Discharge, Simpson Kraft Tacoma, Puget Sound.
Figure 14. Submerged Diffuser Dystem, Including the
Diffuser and Discharge Barge.
Figure 15. Hydraulic Barge Unloader and Sand Spreader
Barge (from Kikegawa 1983).
Figure 16. Conveyor Unloading Barge with Tremie (from
Togashi 1983).
Figure 17. Tremie System Employed at Hamilton Harbor.
Figure 18. Stone Placement at Sheboygan Harbor.
Figure 19. Schematic of a Settling Plate Used for
Monitoring Cap Consolidation.
Figure 20. Illustration of Sediment Profiling Camera.
Figure 21. Semi-Permeable Bags or "Peepers"
Filled with an Organic Solvent Used for Monitoring theLevels of Hydrophobic Contaminants
in Sediment Pore Water.
Figure 22. Seepage Meter Used to Measure Groundwater
Flow.
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