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Beijing
IES programs for
History and Objectives
An important aspect of the IES-Beijing project is its connection to China’s efforts to make the 2008 summer games the world’s first “Green Olympics.” In July 2002, the Beijing municipal government released the Beijing Olympic Action Plan, which provided overarching guidance for all the city’s preparations for the Olympics. This plan included numerous initiatives to improve urban infrastructure and environmental quality in Beijing by 2008. The IES-Beijing team was careful to make the IES scenarios it analyzed consistent with the city’s Olympics Action Plan. The assumptions made in the clean energy supply, industry structure, and green transport scenarios correspond to the municipal government’s action plan.
There were several objectives of the IES-Beijing study:
- To build capacity in utilizing an integrated approach to policy analysis that considers strategies and technologies beneficial to local air quality as well as global climate.
- To analyze a range of integrated strategies and quantify the co-benefits of each policy strategy.
- To provide scientific support for comprehensive air pollution control policymaking in Beijing.
- To provide useful input to Green Olympic strategy.
Team
On the IES-Beijing team, Dr. He Kebin led the energy and atmospheric modeling work at Tsinghua University, and Dr. Pan Xiao Chuan led the air pollution health effects work at Peking University Health Science Center. The Beijing team also completed the IES National Assessment of China.
Methodology
The IES-Beijing program followed the same general approach as the Shanghai program, though specific modeling tools differed. The team used the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) 2000 model to project energy utilization and the Industrial Sources Complex (ISC) model to map air quality. The team also examined five core scenarios in Beijing, including a base case that assumes business as usual, a clean energy scenario, an industry structure transformation scenario, an energy efficiency scenario, and a green transportation scenario, summarized below. Similar to the Shanghai study, the IES-Beijing program examines sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM10), and carbon dioxide emissions over a 30-year period.
IES-Beijing Scenarios
Scenario |
Key Aspects |
|---|---|
Business As Usual |
Increase in GDP and energy consumption and no mandatory regulations to save energy. |
Clean Energy Consumption |
Changeover of coal-fired industrial boilers to natural gas, use of liquid petrol gas (LPG) for cooking in rural residences, and expanded natural gas power in grid. |
Industry Structure Transformation |
Reduction in steel production; reduction of more than 1 million tons of coal equivalent (TCE) capacity of coking; and moderate growth in cement industry, petroleum industry, and chemical industry. |
Energy Efficiency |
Improved residential lighting and air conditioning (A/C) energy efficiency practices; fuel economy program in light vehicles. |
Green Transport |
Expanded public transportation development, decrease in private car ownership, use of liquid petroleum gas in taxis, development of vehicular emissions standards, and use of advanced technology vehicles. |
Study Results
In 2006, the IES-Beijing team released the Final Report (PDF) (131 pp, 2.4MB, About PDF). Results indicate that the city can meet its goals for reducing SO2 and NOX concentrations by 2008 if all of the measures included in the scenarios are implemented. Additional policies and measures might be needed, however, for the city to reach its targets for fine particles.
Outcomes
The final report provided useful analysis to policymakers developing China’s Green Olympics Goals. It is expected that the tools and analytical techniques of the IES-Beijing program will be relevant to current and future policies and initiatives to improve air quality and reduce GHG emissions in the Beijing urban area. The city’s efforts to meet its 2008 Olympics goals provide an excellent opportunity for showcasing the IES program’s analytical and capacity building strengths.
Documents
Contains documents generated through the IES-Beijing analysis.
Links
Beijing Olympic Action Plan 
This Web site details the Beijing Olympic Action Plan. The Action Plan is also available in Chinese.
Beijing Workshop on Air Pollution and Climate Change
This Web site describes the workshop "Mitigation of Air Pollution and Climate Change in China: A Policy Workshop on Co-benefits and Co-control," held in Beijing on November 22-23, 2005, and provides links to presentations from the workshop.