ÿWPC€ 7FÏÇû ÇиZÙx”(IG$¡˜Ö}9êßкJõÍÔŸiM GЙí™FŽ•ŽSÞ÷¥=ôaâ&6ë—òV‰“ÞèF?Ü8²Q«%töÇ’6„-ïJ~èÁ^nðMÖ²‰¨:9W¹N/èžÒÌÃÙãiíŽ=æê=S'F‘úÑwÁ–éìà 3ÿ$e6Í€•ëùà¸4FC®©œ,¤”{`¨´}¼•‡‡¼4@c¢q°…Ÿ¢k]†ñ:³ÉÔqÑQ´Ùð¥å‘Î@,+¾yúçòb§ Çýx¦µ±3yòY’˜³þØ`ýðé*q÷#äCÔmåg9ÊuE´çPzjßîÞ @õõ6¤¨Ñ˜mkê%pº½ž{þù›ì›h>rÐî~ÙÜ—#X%du†K<’²è8Ö…×è3ΟN3q™d…ìJž§ïÓ Š ÿ ¾`Ÿt~%Eˆ*‰7å`Œ‘wþÀB,¾VóŽ©}8š­ëõãÏêFù‰AÝ> œó­?[UMã\z»^æ„×>ÐlÔÇθ2]£Çe8A5 Ç+Ç/Jfšù´÷€0T º^{ÝÜ2Ò£÷"r-Šöá~ù%xý²Cæ#ÎR¢¢ ‚’ůáO+Boô#Á U:Ë % 0: ^ EwQ4Uix mz 1‡‘ 72 1uJ 72¿ 0cññTj˜HP Laserjet 5NŒX,,,,ŒX0,†r‰AZ‹"Arial RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ôïq’*L "u‘*Ìn£3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(5hCEKQW]cioAutoList11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. 1.3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) i)(;ó¿$´´Ô25hÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à Ñ 9 Ñ Ñ e ÑÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔѰÑò òÓ  ÓÑ€_RÑÑ€ïOÑEPA€Policy€for€the€Administration€of€Ð  ÐEnvironmental€Programs€on€Indian€ReservationsÐ ì ÐNovember€8,€1984€ó óÐ òØ ÐÓNÓÌÌò ò€Introduction€:ó óÐ ª ÐÌà  àThe€President€published€a€Federal€Indian€Policy€on€January€24,€1983,€supportingÐ | b Ðthe€primary€role€of€Tribal€Governments€in€matters€affecting€American€IndianÐ b H Ðreservations.€That€policy€stressed€two€related€themes:€(l)€that€the€Federal€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð H .  ÐGovernment€will€pursue€the€principle€of€Indian"self-government"€and€(2)€that€it€will€workÐ .   Ðdirectly€with€Tribal€Governments€on€a€"government-to-government"€basis.€Ð ú  ÐÌà  àThe€Environmental€Protection€Agency€(EPA)€has€previously€issued€general€€€Ð àÆ  Ðstatements€of€policy€which€recognize€the€importance€of€Tribal€Governments€inРƬ  Ðregulatory€activities€that€impact€reservation€environments.€It€is€the€purpose€of€thisÐ ¬’  Ðstatement€to€consolidate€and€expand€on€existing€EPA€Indian€Policy€statements€in€aÐ ’x Ðmanner€consistent€with€the€overall€Federal€position€in€support€of€TribalÐ x^ Ðð ðself-government"€and€"government-to-governments"€relations€between€federal€andÐ ^D ÐTribal€Governments.€This€statement€sets€forth€the€principles€that€will€guide€theÐ D* ÐAgency€in€dealing€with€Tribal€Governments€and€in€responding€to€the€problems€ofÐ * Ðenvironmental€management€on€American€Indian€reservations€in€order€to€protectÐ ö Ðhuman€health€and€the€environment.€The€Policy€is€intended€to€provide€guidance€forÐ öÜ ÐEPA€program€managers€in€the€conduct€of€the€Agency's€congressionally€mandatedÐ Ü Ðresponsibilities.€As€such,€it€applies€to€EPA€only€and€does€not€articulate€policy€for€€€€€€€€€Ð ¨ Ðother€Agencies€in€the€conduct€of€their€respective€responsibilities.€Ð ¨Ž ÐÌà  àIt€is€important€to€emphasize€that€the€implementation€of€regulatory€programsÐ tZ Ðwhich€will€realize€these€principles€on€Indian€Reservations€cannot€be€accomplishedÐ Z@ Ðimmediately.€Effective€implementation€will€take€careful€and€conscientious€work€byÐ @& ÐEPA,€the€Tribes€and€many€others.€In€many€cases,€it€will€require€changes€in€applicableÐ &  Ðstatutory€authorities€and€regulations.€It€will€be€necessary€to€proceed€in€a€carefullyÐ  ò Ðphased€way,€to€learn€from€successes€and€failures,€and€to€gain€experience.Ð ò Ø  ÐNonetheless,€by€beginning€work€on€the€priority€problems€that€exist€now€andÐ Ø!¾! Ðcontinuing€in€the€direction€established€under€these€principles,€over€time€we€canÐ ¾"¤" Ðsignificantly€enhance€environmental€quality€on€reservation€lands.€Ð ¤#Š# ÐÌò òPolicyó ó:Ð p%V!% ÐÌà  àIn€carrying€out€our€responsibilities€on€Indian€reservations,€the€fundamentalÐ B'(#' Ðobjective€of€the€Environmental€Protection€Agency€is€to€protect€human€health€and€theÐ (($( Ðenvironment.€The€keynote€of€this€effort€will€be€to€give€special€consideration€to€Tribal€€€€€€€Ð )ô$) Ðinterests€in€making€Agency€policy,€and€to€insure€the€close€involvement€of€TribalÐ ô)Ú%* ÐGovernments€in€making€decisions€and€managing€environmental€programs€affectingÐ Ú*À&+ Ðreservation€lands.€To€meet€this€objective,€the€Agency€will€pursue€the€followingÐ À+¦', Ðprinciples:€Ð ¦,Œ(- ÐÐ Œ-r). ÐÓ€ (5h83 Óò òÝ"‚ó¿"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚ó¿XÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú1Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝTHE€AGENCY€STANDS€READY€TO€WORK€DIRECTLY€WITH€INDIANÐ  ÐTRIBAL€GOVERNMENTS€ON€A€ONE-TO„ONE€BASIS€(THE€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ì Ð"GOVERNMENT„TO-GOVERNMENT"€RELATIONSHIP),€RATHER݃ó¿X‘ÝŒÐòØ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ý€€€€€€€€€€€€€à0 ` àTHAN€AS€SUBDIVISIONS€OF€OTHER€GOVERNMENTSó ó.€ÐÞÄ` (#` (# ÐÌà  àEPA€recognizes€Tribal€Governments€as€sovereign€entities€with€primary€authorityÐ °– Ðand€responsibility€for€the€reservation€populace.€Accordingly,€EPA€will€work€directly€withÐ – | ÐTribal€Governments€as€the€independent€authority€for€reservation€affairs,€and€not€asÐ | b Ðpolitical€subdivisions€of€States€or€other€governmental€units.€Ð b H ÐÌò òÝ"‚ó¿"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚ó¿þÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú2Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝTHE€AGENCY€WILL€RECOGNIZE€TRIBAL€GOVERNMENTS€AS€€€€€€€€€€Ð .   ÐTHE€PRIMARY€PARTIES€FOR€SETTING€STANDARDS,€MAKING€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð   ÐENVIRONMENTAL€POLICY€DECISIONS€AND€MANAGING€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ì  ÐPROGRAMS€FOR€RESERVATIONS,€CONSISTENT€WITH€AGENCY€€€€€€€€Ð òØ  ÐSTANDARDS€AND€REGULATIONS.€ó ó݃ó¿þ7ÝŒÐÞÄ ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àIn€keeping€with€the€principle€of€Indian€self-government,€the€Agency€will€viewÐ °– ÐTribal€Governments€as€the€appropriate€non-federal€parties€for€making€decisions€andÐ –| Ðcarrying€out€program€responsibilities€affecting€Indian€reservations,€their€environments,Ð |b Ðand€the€health€and€welfare€of€the€reservation€populace.€Just€as€EPA's€deliberationsÐ bH Ðand€activities€have€traditionally€involved€the€interests€and/or€participation€of€StateÐ H. ÐGovernments,€EPA€will€look€directly€to€Tribal€Governments€to€play€this€lead€role€forÐ . Ðmatters€affecting€reservation€environments€.€Ð ú ÐÌò òÝ"‚ó¿"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚ó¿úÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú3Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝTHE€AGENCY€WILL€TAKE€AFFIRMATIVE€STEPS€TO€ENCOURAGE€€€€€€€Ð àÆ ÐAND€ASSIST€TRIBES€IN€ASSUMING€REGULATORY€AND€PROGRAM݃ó¿ú3ÝŒÐ̲` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ý€€€€€€€€€€€€€à0 ` àMANAGEMENT€RESPONSIBILITIESó ó€ò òFOR€RESERVATION€LANDS.€ó óиž` (#` (# ÐÌ€à  àThe€Agency€will€assist€interested€Tribal€Governments€in€developing€programsÐ Šp Ðand€in€preparing€to€assume€regulatory€and€program€management€responsibilities€forÐ pV Ðreservation€lands.€Within€the€constraints€of€EPA's€authority€and€resources,€this€aidÐ V< Ðwill€include€providing€grants€and€other€assistance€to€Tribes,€similar€to€what€weÐ < " Ðprovide€State€Governments.€The€Agency€will€encourage€Tribes€to€assume€delegableÐ "!  Ðresponsibilities,€(i.e.€responsibilities€which€the€Agency€has€traditionally€delegated€toÐ "î! ÐState€Governments€for€non-reservation€lands)€under€terms€similar€to€those€governingÐ î"Ô" Ðdelegations€to€States.€Ð Ô#º# ÐÌà  àUntil€Tribal€Governments€are€willing€and€able€to€assume€full€responsibility€forÐ  %†!% Ðdelegable€programs,€the€Agency€will€retain€responsibility€for€managing€programs€forÐ †&l"& Ðreservations€(unless€the€State€has€an€expressed€grant€of€jurisdiction€from€CongressÐ l'R#' Ðsufficient€to€support€delegation€to€the€State€Government).€Where€EPA€retains€suchÐ R(8$( Ðresponsibility,€the€Agency€will€encourage€the€Tribe€to€participate€in€policy-makingÐ 8)%) Ðand€to€assume€appropriate€lesser€or€partial€roles€in€the€management€of€reservationÐ *&* Ðprograms.€Ð +ê&+ ÐÌÌÐ ¶-œ). ÐÑ_RÑâ âÑ9°Ñâ âÑ  Ñò òÝ"‚ó¿"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚ó¿ÉÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú4Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝTHE€AGENCY€WILL€TAKE€APPROPRIATE€STEPS€TO€REMOVE€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð  ÐEXISTING€LEGAL€AND€PROCEDURAL€IMPEDIMENTS€TO€€€€€€€€€€Ð ì ÐWORKING€DIRECTLY€AND€EFFECTIVELY€WITH€TRIBAL€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð òØ ÐGOVERNMENTS€ON€RESERVATION€PROGRAMS.€ó ó݃ó¿É ÝŒÐÞÄ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àA€number€of€serious€constraints€and€uncertainties€in€the€language€of€our€statutesÐ °– Ðand€regulations€have€limited€our€ability€to€work€directly€and€effectively€with€TribalÐ – | ÐGovernments€on€reservation€problems.€As€impediments€in€our€procedures,Ð | b Ðregulations€or€statutes€are€identified€which€limit€our€ability€to€work€e€effectively€withÐ b H ÐTribes€consistent€with€this€Policy,€we€will€seek€to€remove€those€impediments.€Ð H .  ÐÌò òÝ"‚ó¿"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚ó¿Æ#ÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú5Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝTHE€AGENCY,€IN€KEEPING€WITH€THE€FEDERAL€TRUST€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ú  ÐRESPONSIBILITY,€WILL€ASSURE€THAT€TRIBAL€CONCERNS€AND€€€€€€€€Ð æ  ÐINTERESTS€ARE€CONSIDERED€WHENEVER€EPA'S€ACTIONS€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ìÒ  ÐAND/OR€DECISIONS€MAY€AFFECT€RESERVATION€€€€€€Ð ؾ  ÐENVIRONMENTS.€ó ó݃ó¿Æ#ÿ#ÝŒÐĪ ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àEPA€recognizes€that€a€trust€responsibility€derives€from€the€historical€relationshipÐ –| Ðbetween€the€Federal€Government€and€Indian€Tribes€as€expressed€in€certain€treatiesÐ |b Ðand€Federal€Indian€Law.€In€keeping€with€that€trust€responsibility,€the€Agency€willÐ bH Ðendeavor€to€protect€the€environmental€interests€of€Indian€Tribes€when€carrying€out€itsÐ H. Ðresponsibilities€that€may€affect€the€reservations.€Ð . ÐÌò òÝ"‚ó¿"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚ó¿ß'ÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú6Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝTHE€AGENCY€WILL€ENCOURAGE€COOPERATION€BETWEEN€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð úà ÐTRIBAL,€STATE€AND€LOCAL€GOVERNMENTS€TO€RESOLVE€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð æÌ ÐENVIRONMENTAL€PROBLEMS€OF€MUTUAL€CONCERN.€ó ó݃ó¿ß'(ÝŒÐÒ¸` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àSound€environmental€planning€and€management€require€the€cooperation€andÐ ¤Š Ðmutual€consideration€of€neighboring€governments,€whether€those€governments€beÐ Šp Ðneighboring€States,€Tribes,€or€local€units€of€government.€Accordingly,€EPA€willÐ pV Ðencourage€early€communication€and€cooperation€among€Tribes,€States€and€localÐ V< ÐGovernments.€This€is€not€intended€to€lend€Federal€support€to€any€one€party€to€theÐ < " Ðjeopardy€of€the€interests€of€the€other.€Rather,€it€recognizes€that€in€the€field€ofÐ "!  Ðenvironmental€regulation,€problems€are€often€shared€and€the€principle€of€comityÐ "î! Ðbetween€equals€and€neighbors€often€serves€the€best€interests€of€both.€Ð î"Ô" ÐÌò òÝ"‚ó¿"ÝÝ  Ýà0  à€Ý‚ó¿¨,ÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú7Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝTHE€AGENCY€WILL€WORK€WITH€OTHER€FEDERAL€AGENCIES€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð º$  $ ÐWHICH€HAVE€RELATED€RESPONSIBILITIES€ON€INDIAN€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ¦%Œ!% ÐRESERVATION€TO€ENLIST€THEIR€INTEREST€AND€SUPPORT€IN€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ’&x"& ÐCOOPERATIVE€EFFORTS€TO€HELP€TRIBES€ASSUME€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ~'d#' ÐENVIRONMENTAL€PROGRAM€RESPONSIBILITIES€FOR€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð j(P$( ÐRESERVATIONS.€ó ó݃ó¿¨,â,ÝŒÐV)<%)` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àEPA€will€seek€and€promote€cooperation€between€Federal€agencies€to€protectÐ (+'+ Ðhuman€health€and€the€environment€on€reservations.€We€will€work€with€other€agencies€toÐ ,ô', Ðclearly€identify€and€delineate€the€roles,€responsibilities€and€relationships€of€ourÐ ô,Ú(- Ðrespective€organizations€and€to€assist€Tribes€in€developing€and€managingÐ Ú-À). Ðenvironmental€programs€for€reservation€lands.€Ð À.¦*/ ÐÑïOÑâ âÑeÑâ âÑ  ÑÌò òÝ"‚ó¿"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚ó¿G1ÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú8Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝTHE€AGENCY€WILL€STRIVE€TO€ASSURE€COMPLIANCE€WITH€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð Kæ ÐENVIRONMENTAL€STATUTES€AND€REGULATIONS€ON€INDIAN€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð 7Ò ÐRESERVATIONS.€ó ó݃ó¿G1€1ÝŒÐ#¾` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àIn€those€cases€where€facilities€owned€or€managed€by€Tribal€Governments€areÐ õ Ðnot€in€compliance€with€federal€environmental€statutes,€EPA€will€work€cooperatively€withÐ Û v ÐTribal€leadership€to€develop€means€to€achieve€compliance,€providing€technicalÐ Á \ Ðsupport€and€consultation€as€necessary€to€enable€Tribal€facilities€to€comply.€BecauseÐ § B Ðof€the€distinct€status€of€Indian€Tribes€and€the€complex€legal€issues€involved,€directÐ  (  ÐEPA€action€through€the€judicial€or€administrative€process€will€be€considered€whereÐ s   Ðthe€Agency€determines,€in€its€judgment,€that:€(l)€a€significant€threat€to€human€health€orÐ Yô  Ðthe€environment€exists,€(2)€such€action€would€reasonably€be€expected€to€achieveÐ ?Ú  Ðeffective€results€in€a€timely€manner,€and€(3)€the€Federal€Government€cannot€utilizeÐ %À  Ðother€alternatives€to€correct€the€problem€in€a€timely€fashion.€Ð  ¦  ÐÌà  à€In€those€cases€where€reservation€facilities€are€clearly€owned€or€managed€byÐ ×r Ðprivate€parties€and€there€is€no€substantial€Tribal€interest€or€control€involved,€the€AgencyÐ ½X Ðwill€endeavor€to€act€in€cooperation€with€the€affected€Tribal€Government,€but€willÐ £> Ðotherwise€respond€to€noncompliance€by€private€parties€on€Indian€reservations€as€theÐ ‰$ ÐAgency€would€to€noncompliance€by€the€private€sector€elsewhere€in€the€country.Ð o  ÐWhen€the€Tribe€has€a€substantial€proprietary€interest€in,€or€control€over,€the€privatelyÐ Uð Ðowned€or€managed€facility,€EPA€will€respond€as€described€in€the€first€paragraphÐ ;Ö Ðabove.€Ð !¼ ÐÌò òÝ"‚ó¿"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚ó¿Ù9ÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú9Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝTHE€AGENCY€WILL€INCORPORATE€THESE€INDIAN€POLICY€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð íˆ ÐGOALS€INTO€ITS€PLANNING€AND€MANAGEMENT€ACTIVITIES€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð Ùt ÐINCLUDING€ITS€BUDGET,€OPERATING€GUIDANCE,€LEGISLATIVE€€€€€€€Ð Å` ÐINITIATIVES,€MANAGEMENT€ACCOUNTABILITY€SYSTEM€AND€€€€€€€Ð ±L ÐONGOING€POLICY€AND€REGULATION€DEVELOPMENT€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð 8 ÐPROCESSES.€ó ó݃ó¿Ù9:݌Љ$` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àIt€is€a€central€purpose€of€this€effort€to€ensure€that€the€principles€of€this€Policy€areÐ [!ö  Ðeffectively€institutionalized€by€incorporating€them€into€the€Agency's€ongoing€andÐ A"Ü! Ðlong-term€planning€and€management€processes.€Agency€managers€will€includeÐ '#Â" Ðspecific€programmatic€actions€designed€to€resolve€problems€on€Indian€reservations€inÐ  $¨# Ðthe€Agency's€existing€fiscal€year€and€long-term€planning€and€management€processes.€Ð ó$Ž $ ÐÌà0  àà0` (#(#àWilliam€D.€Ô_ÔRuckelshausÔ_Ô€