|
 |
|
 International Analyses
EPA collects data on international historical and projected greenhouse
gas emissions and estimates the costs of reducing these emissions. Historical
and future baseline emission estimates are primarily obtained from country-specific
government sources. Figure 1 shows the global breakdown of human-related
methane emissions in the year 2000. Figure 2 shows the global breakdown
of nitrous oxide emissions in the year 2000.
Figure 1
Source: EPA compilation 2002
Figure 2
Source: EPA compilation 2002
EPA has issued several analytical reports on international emissions projections
and mitigation opportunities for the non-CO2 greenhouse gases. Baseline
projections for non-CO2 greenhouse gases are primarily obtained from referenced
documents, generally issued by the government of the specified country.
If projected emission estimates are not available from the literature,
EPA has estimated emissions using IPCC default methodologies and emission
drivers such as population or energy consumption.
Since non-CO2 greenhouse gases can be relatively inexpensive
to reduce compared to carbon dioxide (CO2), attention has been
focused on incorporating international non-CO2 greenhouse gas
mitigation into analysis and policy
discussions. This focus has required a large data collection
effort and expert analysis of available technologies and opportunities
for greenhouse
gas reductions across diverse regions and sectors. As a result,
USEPA produces marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves that allow
for economic modeling of
multigas mitigation strategies.
EPA reports on this page have undergone
an external peer review consistent with the guidelines of the
U.S. EPA Peer Review Policy. Comments
were received from experts in the private sector, academia,
non-governmental organizations,
and other government agencies. See the Acknowledgments sections of the individual reports
for a list of reviewers. A copy of the EPA Peer Review guidelines
may be downloaded
from the following web page at http://epa.gov/osa/spc/2peerrev.htm.
Global Mitigation of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases (EPA Report 430-R-06-005)
Building on the Energy Modeling
Forum study below, USEPA prepared a global cost analysis of
all non-CO2 greenhouse gases. The
basic methodology—a
bottom up, engineering cost approach—is the same as the below study
unless otherwise noted. The results of this analysis are marginal
abatement curves (MACs) that reflect aggregated breakeven prices
for implementing mitigation options in a given sector and region.
The MACs allows
for improved
understanding of the mitigation potential for non-CO2 sources,
as well as inclusion of non-CO2 greenhouse gas mitigation in
economic modeling. The MAC data sets can be downloaded in spreadsheet
format using
the “Data
Annex” link below. The final report based on this analysis can also
be downloaded using the links below.
Cover & Table
of Contents (PDF, 25 pp., 5,365 kb, About
PDF)
Executive Summary (PDF, 6 pp., 61 kb, About
PDF)
Section I Technical
Summary (PDF, 32 pp., 194 kb, About
PDF)
Section II Energy (PDF, 77 pp., 590 kb, About
PDF)
Section III Waste (PDF, 33 pp., 256 kb, About
PDF)
Section IV Industrial
Processes (PDF, 265 pp., 2,383 kb, About
PDF)
Section V Agriculture (PDF, 106 pp., 1,196 kb, About
PDF)
Data Annexes (WinZip format containing Zipped XL Spreadsheet files, 5,573 kb)
The Data Annex to the report provides
links to the major sources for which abatement cost data
are available and allows you to download a group of
zipped spreadsheets for each sector. Below is a list of the
files that should be unzipped for the coal sector. The other
sectors have the same
file types and follow the same naming convention.
- MAC_Coal_tCO2eq.xls.
Reports methane reference emissions and MAC data in absolute
reductions in million metric tons
of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2eq) in the coal sector
using a USD per ton of carbon equivalent
($/tCO2eq) scale.
- MAC_Coal_%tCO2eq.xls. Reports MAC data
in percentage reductions from the reference baseline in
MtCO2eq in the coal sector using a $/tCO2eq scale.
- MAC_Coal_CH4.xls.
Reports methane reference emissions and MAC data in absolute
reductions in Gigagrams (Gg)
of methane in the coal
sector using a USD per ton of methane ($/tCH4) scale.
- MAC_Coal_%tCH4.xls.
Reports MAC data in percentage reductions from the reference
baseline in Gg of methane
in the coal
sector using a $/tCH4 scale.
Report to Energy Modeling Forum
The first USEPA non-CO2 mitigation cost
study was a global analysis of methane and nitrous oxide abatement.
The work was
conducted as part of a larger study conducted by the Stanford
Energy Modeling Forum
on Multi-gas Mitigation and Climate Change:
International
Analysis of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Abatement Opportunities: Report
to Energy Modeling Forum, Working Group
21 (PDF, 9 pp., 76 kb, About
PDF)
Appendices
For more information on the
scope of the analyses above please contact Christa Clapp
at clapp.christa@epa.gov.
Global
Anthropogenic Emissions of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases 1990-2020 (EPA Report 430-R-06-003)
This report (PDF,
269 pp., 4,197 KB, About
PDF) provides historical and projected estimates of emissions
from over 90 countries and 8 regions for all major non-CO2 greenhouse
gas emission sources. The gases included in this report are
methane (CH4),
nitrous oxide (N2O), and the high global warming potential
(high GWP) gases. The high GWP gases include hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride
(SF6).
Historical estimates are reported for 1990, 1995, and 2000
and projections of emissions, including the achieved effects
of sector-level climate
policy measures
at the time of this report, are provided for 2005, 2010,
2015, and 2020. Historical and future trends are shown by
region and by gas. For more
information on this document, please contact Elizabeth
Scheehle at scheehle.elizabeth@epa.gov.
The data by country, region, and gas can also be found in the Appendix
Spreadsheets below:
|
