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ó€Initial€AnnouncementÐg· (#(# ÐÌà0  àò òFunding€Opportunity€Number:ó ó€EPA/ORD/NHEERL/ETD/04„001ò òó óÐ<Œ(#(# ÐÌà0  àò òCatalog€of€Federal€Domestic€Assistance€(CFDA)€Number:ó ó€€Ða(#(# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àò òó óà0¸ ` (#` (#à66.511€€ORD€Consolidated€ResearchÐýM¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà  àò òAction€Dates:ó óà ¸ à€September€1,€2004Ð Ï Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ à€Final€date€to€submit€technical€questions:€€October€1,€2004Ð »  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ à€Proposals€due:€€€November€1,€2004€€€€Ð ¤ô Ðò òó óÌà0  àò òExecutive€Summary:€ó ó€€EPA€desires€to€support€research€to€expand€current€understandingÐ vÆ Ðof€the€impact€of€brominated€flame€retardants.€€A€variety€of€brominated€flame€retardantsÐ b² Ðare€of€particular€concern.€€The€polybrominated€diphenylethers€(PBDEs)€are€a€class€ofÐ K› Ðchemicals€widely€used€as€flame€retardants.€€A€number€of€studies€in€the€United€StatesÐ 4„ Ðindicate€that€concentrations€of€PBDEs€in€human€populations€are€quite€high€and€seem€toÐ  m Ðbe€increasing€(1,2).€€Levels€measured€in€breast€milk€of€women€in€the€U.S.€are€10„100Ð !V Ðtimes€greater€than€in€Europe€(3).€€The€flame€retardant€hexabromocyclododecane€(HBCD)Ð ï!?  Ðis€also€widely€used,€but€there€is€significantly€less€information€on€its€occurrence€inÐ Ø"(! Ðhumans€and€the€environment.€€HBCD€is€used€in€polystyrene€foams€and€as€a€backcoatingÐ Á#" Ðin€fabrics.€€Limited€studies€to€date€indicate€the€HBCD€has€a€high€potential€toÐ ª$ú# Ðbioaccumulate,€is€likely€very€persistent,€and€seems€to€have€similar€neurotoxicological€andÐ “%ã $ Ðthyroid€disruption€properties€as€some€of€the€PBDEs.€€There€is€a€need€for€further€researchÐ |&Ì!% Ðto€quantify€the€levels€and€body€burdens€of€PBDEs€and€HBCD€within€the€U.S.€population,Ð e'µ"& Ðand€to€identify€possible€routes€of€exposure€as€well€as€to€identify€potential€geneticÐ N(ž#' Ðdifferences€that€may€affect€body€burdens.€€€Ð7)‡$((#(# ÐÌà  àThe€proposed€project€will€extend€previous€work€evaluating€potential€exposure€to€these€Ð  +Y&* Ðà  àtwo€classes€of€flame€retardants€and€human€body€burdens.€€The€proposed€study€will:€€Ð ò+B'+ ÐÔ_Ôà  àcharacterize€breast€milk€samples€for€PBDEs€and€HBCD;€assess€whether€levels€in€dust€Ð ° Ðà  àcorrelate€with€body€burdens€of€PBDEs€and€HBCD€by€testing€house€dust€of€women€who€Ð ™é Ðà  àhave€high€body€burdens€of€PBDEs€and€HBCD;€explore€whether€body€burdens€of€PBDEs€Ð ‚Ò Ðà  àare€decreased€in€the€subjects€via€lactation,€and€if€so,€at€what€rates;€and€explore€the€Ð k» Ðà  àà ` àbiological€differences€among€the€women€that€can€explain€the€variability€in€bodyÐ T¤ Ðburdens.€à ` àTherefore,€the€proposed€study€will€correlate€HBCD€and€PBDEs€in€the€populationÐ =  Ðby€à  àfocusing€on€women€with€high€and€low€concentrations€of€PBDE€in€breast€milk€by€à Ð àÐ & v Ðà  àmeasuring€PBDEs€and€HBCD€in€breast€milk,€urine,€and€house€dust;€sampling€buccal€cellsÐ  _ Ðà  àfor€possible€genetic€analysis€for€connection€to€body€burdens;€and€examining€a€à Ð àÐ ø H Ðà  àpossible€relationship€between€body€burdens€and€off„loading€rates€of€PBDEs€during€Ð á 1  Ðà  àlactation.€€The€information€from€the€study€may€be€used€to€evaluate€population€differencesÐ Ê   Ðà  àand€whether€resources€should€be€directed€toward€reducing€exposures€of€breast„feeding€Ð ³  Ðà  àwomen€to€certain€flame€retardant€chemicals.€€€€€€€€€€Ð œì  ÐÌ€€€€€€€€€òòóóÐ n¾  Ðà  àò òAnticipated€Funding:€€Maximumó ó€of€$200,000€„€One€award,€which€willò ò€ó ónot€exceed€Ð W§  Ðà  à$105,000€the€first€year,€$55,000€the€second€year€depending€upon€the€availability€ofÐ C“ Ðfunds,€à  àand€$40,000€the€third€year€depending€upon€the€availability€of€funds.ò ò€€EPA€will€reject€Ð ,| Ðà  àproposals€that€exceed€these€limits.€€ó óFuture€funding€for€the€proposed€project€beyond€the€Ð h Ðà  àfirst€yearò ò€ó óis€not€assured,€but€we€want€à À àthe€proposals€to€include€the€year€2€and€year€3€work€Ð T Ðà  àin€order€to€make€it€easier€to€fund€that€work€should€the€money€be€available.€€Ð ð@ ÐÌà0  àò òEligible€Applicants:ó ó€€States,€territories€and€possessions,€and€Tribal€nations€of€the€UnitedÐ Â ÐStates,€including€the€District€of€Columbia,€public€and€private€State€universities€andÐ ®þ Ðcolleges,€hospitals,€laboratories,€State€and€local€government€departments,€other€public€orÐ —ç Ðprivate€nonprofit€institutions,€and€in€some€cases,€individuals€who€have€demonstratedÐ €Ð Ðunusually€high€scientific€ability.€€However,€nonprofit€organizations€described€in€SectionÐ i¹ Ð501(c)(4)€of€the€Internal€Revenue€Code€that€engage€in€lobbying€activities€as€defined€inÐ R¢ ÐSection€3€of€the€Lobbying€Disclosure€Act€of€1995€are€not€eligible€to€apply.Ð;‹(#(# ÐÌà0  àò òPoint€of€Contact:ó ó€à  àJanet€J.€DilibertoÐ ](#(# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àTelephone:€€919„541„7921€€€Ð ù I Ðà0  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àTelefax:€€919„541„9464€€€€Ðâ!2 (#(# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àE„mail:€€diliberto.janet@epa.gov€€€€€€€Ð Ë"! ÐÌà0  àÐ (#(# ÐÐ  †%Ö $ Ðò òòòFULL€TEXT€OF€ANNOUNCEMENTóóó óÐ ° ÐÌò òI.à  àòòFunding€Opportunity€Descriptionó óóóÐ ƒÓ ÐÌà0  àò òTitle€of€Assistance€Opportunity:€€ó óExploring€Body€Burdens€of€PolybrominatedÐ V¦ ÐDiphenylethers€(PBDEs)€and€Hexabromocyclododecane€(HBCD)ÐB ’(#(# Ðò òó óÌò òà  àBackground:ó ó€€€EPA€desires€to€support€research€to€expand€current€understanding€of€the€Ð  d Ðà  àimpact€of€brominated€flame€retardants.€€A€variety€of€brominated€flame€retardants€are€of€Ð  P Ðà  àparticular€concern.€€The€polybrominated€diphenylethers€(PBDEs)€are€a€class€of€chemicalsÐ é 9  Ðà  àwidely€used€as€flame€retardants.€€A€number€of€studies€in€the€United€States€indicate€that€Ð Ò "  Ðà  àconcentrations€of€PBDEs€in€human€populations€are€quite€high€and€seem€to€be€increasing€Ð »  Ðà  à(1,2).€€Levels€measured€in€breast€milk€of€women€in€the€U.S.€are€10„100€times€greater€thanÐ ¤ô  Ðà  àin€Europe€(3).€€The€flame€retardant€hexabromocyclododecane€(HBCD)€is€also€widely€Ð Ý  Ðà  àused,€but€there€is€significantly€less€information€on€its€occurrence€in€humans€and€the€Ð vÆ  Ðà  àenvironment.€€HBCD€is€used€in€polystyrene€foams€and€as€a€backcoating€in€fabrics.€€Ð _¯  Ðà  àLimited€studies€to€date€indicate€the€HBCD€has€a€high€potential€to€bioaccumulate,€is€likelyÐ H˜ Ðà  àvery€persistent,€and€seems€to€have€similar€neurotoxicological€and€thyroid€disruption€Ð 1 Ðà  àproperties€as€some€of€the€PBDEs.€€There€is€a€need€for€further€research€to€quantify€the€Ð j Ðà  àlevels€and€body€burdens€of€PBDEs€and€HBCD€within€the€U.S.€population,€and€to€identifyÐ S Ðà  àpossible€routes€of€exposure€as€well€as€to€identify€potential€genetic€differences€that€may€Ð ì< Ðà  àaffect€body€burdens.€€€Ð Õ% ÐÌà  àThe€proposed€project€will€extend€previous€work€evaluating€à È àpotential€exposure€to€these€Ð §÷ Ðà  àtwo€classes€of€flame€retardants€and€human€body€burdens.€€The€proposed€study€will:€€Ð à Ðà  àcharacterize€breast€milk€samples€for€PBDEs€and€HBCD;€assess€whether€levels€in€dust€Ð yÉ Ðà  àcorrelate€with€body€burdens€of€PBDEs€and€HBCD€by€testing€house€dust€of€women€who€Ð b² Ðà  àhave€high€body€burdens€of€PBDEs€and€HBCD;€explore€whether€body€burdens€of€PBDEs€Ð K› Ðà  àare€decreased€in€the€subjects€via€lactation,€and€if€so,€at€what€rates;€and€explore€the€Ð 4„ Ðà  àà ` àbiological€differences€among€the€women€that€can€explain€the€variability€in€bodyÐ m Ðburdens.€à ` àTherefore,€the€proposed€study€will€correlate€HBCD€and€PBDEs€in€the€populationÐ  V Ðby€à  àfocusing€on€women€with€high€and€low€concentrations€of€PBDE€in€breast€milk€by€à Ð àÐ ï ? Ðà  àmeasuring€PBDEs€and€HBCD€in€breast€milk,€urine,€and€house€dust;€sampling€buccal€cellsÐ Ø!(  Ðà  àfor€possible€genetic€analysis€for€connection€to€body€burdens;€and€examining€a€à Ð àÐ Á"! Ðà  àpossible€relationship€between€body€burdens€and€off„loading€rates€of€PBDEs€during€Ð ª#ú" Ðà  àlactation.€€The€information€from€the€study€may€be€used€to€evaluate€population€differencesÐ “$ã# Ðà  àand€whether€resources€should€be€directed€toward€reducing€exposures€of€breast„feeding€Ð |%Ì $ Ðà  àwomen€to€certain€flame€retardant€chemicals.€€€€€€€€€€Ð e&µ!% Ðà  àÌà  àThere€is€rising€concern€about€the€brominated€flame€retardants€(BFRs)€due€to€the€à Ð àÐ 7(‡#' Ðà  àoccurrence€of€several€classes€of€BFRs€in€the€environment€and€wildlife€and€people.€€MuchÐ  )p$( Ðà  àof€the€work€to€date€on€BFRs€has€focused€on€the€polybrominated€diphenyl€ethers€(see€Ð  *Y%) Ðà  à1,2,4).€€There€is€significantly€less€information€about€the€toxicity€and€exposure€to€HBCD,€Ð ò*B&* Ðà  àthough€it€has€similar€properties€to€the€PBDEs.€Ð Û++'+ Ѐ€Ð ° Ðà  àThe€PBDEs€are€chemical€cousins€of€the€polychlorinated€biphenyls€(PCBs)€(1).€€Their€Ð ™é Ðà  àtoxicological€and€health€properties€have€not€been€as€well€studied€but,€like€PCBs,€they€are€Ð ‚Ò Ðà  àneurodevelopmental€and€reproductive€toxicants,€endocrine€disruptors,€and€are€likely€Ð k» Ðà  àcarcinogens€(1,4).€€PBDEs€are€major€additives€as€flame€retardants€to€polyurethane€foam€Ð T¤ Ðà  à(15„30%€by€weight)€used€in€furniture,€and€are€also€in€the€hard€plastics€(5„30%€by€weight)Ð =  Ðà  àused€in€computer€and€television€casings€(1,5).€€They€are€not€chemically„bound,€and€so€areÐ & v Ðà  àreleased€from€plastic€and€foam€into€the€environment€(6).€€They€are€found€as€widespread€Ð  _ Ðà  àcontaminants€in€wildlife€and€humans€throughout€the€world€(1,7).€€Levels€have€been€Ð ø H Ðà  àincreasing€rapidly€in€wildlife€and€people€over€the€last€20€years,€and€now€approach€or€Ð á 1  Ðà  àexceed€the€levels€of€PCBs€in€the€U.S.€but€not€in€Europe.€€PBDE€levels€in€San€Francisco€Ð Ê   Ðà  àBay€region€are€among€the€highest€in€the€world€(8).€€The€PBDE€levels€in€sewage€sludge,€Ð ³  Ðà  àhouse€dust,€biota€(fish,€bird€eggs,€seals),€and€humans€in€the€United€States€are€10€to100€Ð œì  Ðà  àtimes€higher€than€European€levels€(3).€€In€the€U.S.,€the€manufacturer€has€volunteered€to€Ð …Õ  Ðà  àphase€out€the€penta„€and€octa„€formulations€by€the€end€of€2003,€and€California€banned€theÐ n¾  Ðà  àuse€of€penta„€and€octa„BDE€as€of€2006.Ð W§  ÐÌà0  àHBCD€is€a€non„aromatic,€brominated€cyclic€alkane€used€primarily€as€an€additive€flameÐ )y Ðretardant€in€thermoplastic€polymers€with€final€applications€in€styrene€(9).€€It€has€alsoÐ b Ðbeen€used,€although€to€a€lesser€extent,€in€textile€coatings,€cable,€latex€binders,€andÐ ûK Ðunsaturated€polyesters.€€Its€total€production€is€about€16,700€tons€per€year,€making€it€theÐ ä4 Ðthird€most€widely€used€brominated€flame€retardant€after€tetrabromobisphenol€AÐ Í Ð(TBBPA)€and€the€"deca"€PBDE€formulation.€€However,€it€is€used€more€extensively€inÐ ¶ ÐEurope€than€in€the€Americas,€where€it€has€been€substituted€for€some€of€the€non„foamÐ Ÿï Ðapplications€for€which€PBDEs€were€formerly€used.€€As€is€the€case€for€the€other€majorÐ ˆØ ÐBFRs,€HBCD€is€highly€lipophilic€with€a€log€Kòòowóó€of€5.6€and€has€low€water€solubilityÐ qÁ Ð(0.0034€mg/L)€(10).€€Recent€studies€have€shown€that€HBCD€has€a€strong€à x àpropensity€toÐ Zª Ðbioaccumulate,€demonstrated€by€a€bioconcentration€factor€of€approximately€18,100€inÐ C“ Ðfathead€minnows,€as€well€as€fish„to„sediment€ratios€of€up€to€15€(11,12).€€In€fact,€HBCD€isÐ ,| Ðnot€only€bioaccumulative,€but€is€also€persistent,€with€a€half€life€of€three€days€in€air€and€2„Ð e Ð25€days€in€water€(13).€€Limited€toxicity€testing€has€shown€that€HBCD€is€not€acutely€toxic,Ð þN Ðbut€may€influence€thyroid€hormone€levels.€€Recent€studies€by€Eriksson€and€coworkersÐ ç 7 Ðhave€demonstrated€that€early€neonatal€exposure€of€mice€to€HBCD€can€result€in€changesÐ Ð!   Ðin€spontaneous€behavior,€learning€and€memory€defects,€and€a€reduced€number€ofÐ ¹" ! Ðnicotinic€receptors€(14).€€Co„exposure€to€PCBs,€resulted€in€an€apparent€increase€in€theÐ ¢#ò" Ðresponse€observed€with€either€commercial€mixture€alone.€€Several€òòin€vitroóó€studies€haveÐ ‹$Û# Ðsupported€the€thesis€that€HBCD€has€the€potential€to€cause€neurobehavioral€alterations.Ðt%Ä $(#(# ÐÌà0  àThough€analytical€methods€to€detect€HBCD€are€still€being€perfected,€there€is€increasingÐ F'–"& Ðevidence€that€HBCD€is€bioaccumulating€in€biota€at€rates€equal€to€or€greater€than€theÐ /(#' ÐPBDEs.€€Sampling€in€the€Lake€Ontario€food€web,€Swiss€lakes,€Swedish€shorebirds€andÐ )h$( ÐEnglish€rivers€have€found€levels€of€HBCD€in€sediment,€eels,€whitefish,€trout,€andÐ *Q%) Ðshorebird€eggs.€€For€the€higher€level€predators,€HBCD€levels€have€been€found€to€be€nearÐ ê*:&* Ðor€greater€than€those€of€PBDEs,€and€are€rising€in€some€areas.€€The€United€Kingdom'sÐ Ó+#'+ ÐChemical€Stakeholders€Forum€determined€last€March€that€HBCD€is€persistent,Ð ° Ðbioaccumulative,€and€toxic€and€"pose[s]€a€risk€to€the€environment"€(15).€€The€EU€isÐ ™é Ðcurrently€undertaking€a€risk€assessment€of€the€compound.€€There€is€little€informationÐ ‚Ò Ðregarding€HBCD€levels€in€humans.Ðk»(#(# ÐÌà  àThe€major€sources€and€pathways€of€human€exposures€to€PBDEs€and€HBCD€are€unknownÐ =  Ðà  à(1,6,7).€€While€PBDEs€are€persistent€organic€pollutants€(POPs),€it€is€unclear€whether€the€Ð & v Ðà  àgeneral€population€is€mainly€exposed€by€ingestion€via€animal€fats€in€the€diet,€as€true€of€Ð  _ Ðà  àmost€other€ò òó óPOPsò ò,ó ó€or€whether€other€sources€are€important.ò òó ó€€PBDE€body€burdens€varyÐ ø H Ðmore€à  àwidely€among€American€women€than€other€similar€POPs.€€Women€at€the€high€end€of€the€Ð ä 4  Ðà  àgeneral€population€have€as€much€as€100€times€the€concentration€of€PBDEs€than€womenÐ Í   Ðin€à  àthe€U.S.€at€the€low€end€(3).€€This€variability€is€found€in€both€composite€and€individual€Ð ¶  Ðà  àbreast€milk€samples,€and€in€samples€from€different€areas€of€the€country.€€Preliminary€Ð Ÿï  Ðà  àstudies€on€PBDEs€in€food€indicate€other€routes€of€exposure€may€be€significant.€€Ð ˆØ  Ðà  àÌà  àò òRESEARCH€OBJECTIVESó óÐ Zª  Ðà  àThis€proposed€study€will€address€two€major€hypotheses€to€explain€the€unusually€wide€Ð D” Ðà  àspread€of€PBDE€body€burdens:€€there€is€a€wide€range€in€background€exposures;€and,€thereÐ -} Ðà  àare€biological€differences€among€the€women€that€can€explain€the€variability€in€body€Ð f Ðà  àburderns.€€While€PBDEs€are€POPs,€it€is€unclear€whether€general€population€exposure€is€Ð ÿO Ðà  àmainly€via€animal€fats€in€the€diet,€as€true€of€most€other€POPs,€or€whether€other€routes€Ð è8 Ðà  àsuch€as€household€dust€may€be€important.€€Correlating€house€dust€levels€with€body€Ð Ñ! Ðà  àburdens€can€illuminate€the€relative€contribution€of€inhalation€versus€other€exposure€Ð º  Ðà  àpathways.€€If€the€genetic€component€is€significant,€it€could€indicate€that€average€à Ð àÐ £ó Ðà  àexposures€are€higher€than€previously€believed.€€Finally,€measuring€the€off„loading€of€Ð ŒÜ Ðà  àPBDEs€through€lactation€will€help€explain€the€relationship€between€past€and€ongoing€Ð uÅ Ðà  àexposures.€€The€proposed€project€will€help€explain€the€variability,€and€potentially€narrow€Ð ^® Ðà  àhe€issue€of€where€exposure€occurs.€€Ð G— Ðà0  àÓ*°°¸ (#Ø'‹X°œX*ÓÐ (#(# ÐÓ€ TMNOPQRS(QAy3 Óà  àExposure€to€PBDEs€will€be€assessed€in€a€group€or€cohort€of€women€who€have€known€Ð i Ðà  àconcentrations€(levels)€of€PBDEs€in€their€donated€breast€milk€samples€and€their€dietary€Ð  R Ðà  àand€lifestyle€surveys€have€been€completed.€€The€women€in€this€cohort€must€be€from€an€Ð ë ; Ðà  àarea€where€high€levels€of€PBDEs€have€been€documented.€€The€women€in€this€cohort€mustÐ Ô!$  Ðà  àbe€first€time,€breast„feeding€mothers€who€have€donated€milk€samples€when€their€infants€Ð ½" ! Ðà  àwere€2€to€8€weeks€old€and€these€milk€samples€must€have€been€analyzed€and€measured€forÐ ¦#ö" Ðà  àlevels€of€PBDEs.€€In€addition,€the€dietary€and€lifestyle€survey€on€these€mothers€(donorsÐ $ß# Ðor€à  àparticipants)€in€this€cohort€must€have€been€done€and€is€known.€€This€survey€information€Ð x%È $ Ðà  àwill€fully€assess€the€exposures€routes€of€these€participants€so€that€exposures€via€diet€and€Ð a&±!% Ðà  àhouse€dust€can€be€related€to€concentrations€of€PBDEs€and€HBCD€in€breast€milk€and€bodyÐ J'š"& Ðà  àburdens.€€Ð 3(ƒ#' ÐÌà  àFrom€the€homes€of€these€particpants,€house€dust€will€be€collected€for€measurement€of€Ð *U%) Ðà  àPBDE€levels.€€PBDE's€are€found€in€many€products€in€the€home:€€foam€in€furniture€can€Ð î*>&* Ðà  àcontain€up€to€30%€penta„BDE,€and€deca„BDE€is€prevalent€in€home€electronics,€small€Ð ×+''+ Ðà  àappliances,€and€back„coatings€for€furniture€and€textiles.€€PBDE€levels€in€house€dust€Ð ° Ðà  àsamples€collected€in€the€U.S.€are€50„fold€higher€than€those€in€European€samples.€€This€Ð ™é Ðà  àcorresponds€to€the€50„100„fold€difference€between€U.S.€and€European€body€burdens.€€Ð ‚Ò Ðà  àThis€study€will€be€one€of€the€first,€and€the€most€extensive,€to€examine€the€relationship€Ð k» Ðà  àbetween€PBDE€levels€in€house€dust€and€body€burdens€in€the€U.S.€€Ð T¤ ÐÌà  àThe€proposed€study€will€explore€the€critical€issues€related€to€body€burden€variability€and€Ð & v Ðà  àwill€consist€of€€three€phases€(PHASE€ONE,€PHASE€TWO,€and€PHASE€THREE).€€FutureÐ  _ Ðà  àfunding€for€year€2€and€year€3€for€the€proposed€project€is€not€assured,€but€we€want€the€Ð ø H Ðà  àproposals€to€include€the€work€in€year€2€(Phase€Two)€and€year€3€(Phase€Three)€in€order€to€Ð á 1  Ðà  àmake€it€easier€to€fund€that€work€should€the€money€be€available.€€The€three€phases€are€the€Ð Ê   Ðà  àfollowing:€€€€Ð ³  Ðà€(#(#K(#àˆÌÓ. °œX°°¸ (#Ø'‹XµI.ÓÓ*°°Ê¸ (#Ø'‹X°œX*Óà Ê àò òòòPHASE€ONEóóó ó:Ð …Õ  ÐÓ. °œX°°Ê¸ (#Ø'‹X³U.ÓÓ*°°Ê¸ (#Ø'‹X°œX*Óà Ê àA.€€€Exposure€to€PBDEs€must€be€assessed€in€breast€milk€samples€with€known€levelsÐ qÁ  Ðà Ê àof€PBDEs.€€These€breast€milk€samples€must€have€been€collected€from€a€group€or€Ð Zª  Ðà Ê àcohort€of€women€living€in€an€area€where€high€levels€of€PBDEs€have€been€Ð C“ Ðà Ê àdocumented.€€In€addition,€survey€information€on€dietary€and€lifestyle€of€each€Ð ,| Ðà Ê àparticipant€in€the€cohort€must€have€been€collected.€€€The€women€in€this€cohort€must€Ð e Ðà Ê àbe€first€time,€breast„feeding€mothers€who€donated€milk€samples€when€their€infants€Ð þN Ðà Ê àwere€2€to€8€weeks€old.€Ð ç7 Ðà Ê à€€€€€€The€project€manager€shall€uncover€predictive€indicators€of€high€vs.€moderate€vs.Ð Ð  Ðà Ê àlow€levels€of€PBDE€in€the€samples€of€human€milk€from€this€cohort€of€women.€€The€Ð ¹  Ðà Ê àparticipants€with€high€and€low€concentrations€of€PBDEs€in€their€breast€milk€shall€beÐ ¢ò Ðà Ê àidentified€for€additional€samplings.€The€additional€samplings€include:€€Ð ‹Û ÐÓ. °œX°°Ê¸ (#Ø'‹XBV.ÓÓ-°°ö " ¸ (#Ø'‹X°œX-Óà ö à1)€collection€of€house€dust€samples€and€analysis€for€PBDEs,€to€assess€possible€Ð tÄ Ðà ö àroutes€of€exposure€and€whether€PBDE€levels€in€dust€correlate€with€theÐ ]­ Ðà ö àparticipant's€body€burdens€(that€is,€determine€the€relationship€between€highÐ F– Ðbody€à ö àburdens€of€PBDEs€and€levels€of€PBDE€in€house€dust,€which€is€known€to€containÐ / Ðà ö àsignificant€amounts€of€PBDEs);€also€duplicate€samples€of€house€dust€shall€be€Ð h Ðà ö àsaved€for€future€work€and€analyses€with€HBCD€in€PHASE€TWO;Ð  Q Ðà ö à2)€collection€of€urine€and€analysis€for€PBDEs€to€assess€whether€PBDE€levels€in€Ð ê : Ðà ö àurine€correlate€with€body€burdens€(urine€is€necessary€to€understand€whether€Ð Ó!#  Ðà ö àPBDE€body€burdens€are€decreased€in€the€participants€via€urinary€excretion,€if€Ð ¼" ! Ðà ö àso,€at€what€rates€and€is€this€related€to€a€genetic€difference)€;€also€duplicate€Ð ¥#õ" Ðà ö àsamples€of€urine€will€be€saved€for€future€work€and€analyses€with€HBCD€in€Ð Ž$Þ# Ðà ö àPHASE€TWO;€and€Ð w%Ç $ Ðà ö à3)€collection€of€buccal€cells€to€determine€biological€and€genetic€differences€and€Ð `&°!% Ðà ö àpolymorphisms€by€DNA€analysis,€these€cells€shalll€be€saved€for€future€work€Ð I'™"& Ðà ö àand€analyses€in€PHASE€THREE.Ð 2(‚#' ÐÓ1 °œX°°ö " ¸ (#Ø'‹X7[1ÓÓ.°°Ê¸ (#Ø'‹Xæ¼°œX.ÓÌà Ê àB.€€In€addition€from€this€cohort€of€women,€a€subset€of€participants€whose€Ð *T%) Ðà Ê àbreast€milk€had€high€and€moderate€concentrations€of€PBDEs€(body€burdens)€shall€Ð í*=&* Ðà Ê àbe€identified€for€additional€sampling€of€breast€milk€with€samples€to€be€collected€Ð Ö+&'+ Ðà Ê àevery€other€month€for€8€months€along€with€urine€samples.€€These€breast€milk€and€Ð ° Ðà Ê àurine€samples€shall€be€analyzed€for€PBDEs.€€This€part€of€the€study€will€explore€the€Ð ™é Ðà Ê àpossible€relationship€between€body€burdens€and€rates€of€off„loading€(that€is,€Ð ‚Ò Ðà Ê àwhether€PBDE€body€burdens€are€decreased€in€the€participants€via€lactation,€and€if€Ð k» Ðà Ê àso,€at€what€rates).€€For€the€classical€POPs€(e.g.,€PCBs,€€dioxin,€organochlorine€Ð T¤ Ðà Ê àpesticides),€breast€milk€levels€(body€burdens)€decrease€over€the€tenure€of€lactation€Ð =  Ðà Ê àbecause€of€the€long€half„lives€of€these€POPs€and€the€fact€that€off„loading€is€greater€Ð & v Ðà Ê àthan€the€daily€intake.€€If€the€levels€do€not€decrease,€it€could€suggest€ongoing,€high€Ð  _ Ðà Ê àexposure.Ð ø H ÐÓ. °œX°°Ê¸ (#Ø'‹X†a.ÓÓ.°°¸ (#Ø'‹X²°œX.Óà  àÌÓ. °œX°°¸ (#Ø'‹Xùf.ÓÓ*°°Ê¸ (#Ø'‹X°œX*Óà Ê àòòò òPHASE€TWO:ó óóóÐ Ê   Ðà Ê àThere€is€currently€little€or€no€information€regarding€body€burdens€of€HBCD€in€the€Ð ´  Ðà Ê àU.S.€population.€€The€levels€of€HBCD€will€be€compared€to€levels€of€other€flame€Ð í  Ðà Ê àretardants€and€POPs.€€This€information€will€answer€many€important€questions€aboutÐ †Ö  Ðà Ê àwhether€HBCD€is€bioaccumulating€in€women€and€at€what€levels€and€whether€it€is€Ð o¿  Ðà Ê àbioaccumulating€at€lower,€equal€or€higher€rates€than€the€PBDEs.€€By€comparing€Ð X¨  Ðà Ê àHBCD€levels€to€levels€of€other€BFRs,€it€will€provide€information€on€whether€Ð A‘ Ðà Ê àhumans€accumulate€HBCD€in€greater,€equal,€or€lesser€proportion€to€its€use€in€Ð *z Ðà Ê àcommerce.€€If€HBCD€is€found,€then€can€the€possible€exposure€routes€be€identified€Ð c Ðà Ê àfrom€the€dietary€and€lifestyle€exposure€assessments?€€Ð üL ÐÌà Ê àBreast€milk€samples€with€measured€levels€of€PBDEs€in€the€above€cohort€of€women€Ð Î Ðà Ê àwho€donated€milk€samples€(PHASE€ONE)€will€be€analyzed€for€HBCD.€€The€Ð · Ðà Ê àproposed€project€will€expand€the€scope€of€the€current€data€base€of€PBDEs€by€addingÐ  ð Ðà Ê àdata€on€the€levels€of€HBCD€in€human€breast€milk€along€with€the€correlations€Ð ‰Ù Ðà Ê àbetween€PBDEs€and€HBCD.€€In€addition,€the€house€dust€samples€that€were€saved€Ð r Ðà Ê à(from€PHASE€ONE)€for€PHASE€TWO€will€be€analyzed€for€HBCD€to€assess€Ð [« Ðà Ê àwhether€HBCD€levels€in€dust€correlate€with€the€participant's€body€burdens,€and€Ð D” Ðà Ê àmaking€possible€the€correlations€between€body€burdens€of€PBDEs€and€HBCD€in€Ð -} Ðà Ê àrelationship€to€the€participant's€house€dust.€€Urine€samples€that€were€saved€(from€Ð f Ðà Ê àPHASE€ONE)€for€PHASE€TWO€will€be€analyzed€for€HBCD€to€assess€whether€Ð ÿO Ðà Ê àHBCD€levels€in€urine€correlate€with€body€burdens.€€Ð è 8 ÐÓ. °œX°°Ê¸ (#Ø'‹Xbg.ÓÓ.°°¸ (#Ø'‹X²°œX.Óà  àÌÓ. °œX°°¸ (#Ø'‹X[p.ÓÓ*°°Ê¸ (#Ø'‹X°œX*Óà Ê àò òòòPHASE€THREE:ó óóó€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð º" ! Ѐ€€€à Ê àThe€buccal€cells€collected€from€the€identified€participants€in€PHASE€ONE€will€be€Ð ¦#ö" Ðà Ê àanalyzed€for€DNA€to€evaluate€possible€biological€and€genetic€differences€that€couldÐ $ß# Ðà Ê àexplain€the€observed€variability€in€PBDE€levels.€€One€of€greatest€interest€at€this€Ð x%È $ Ðà Ê àpoint,€based€on€some€emerging€results€from€studies€in€experimental€animals,€is€that€Ð a&±!% Ðà Ê àthere€may€be€polymorphisms€in€the€MDR1€transporter€gene€which€result€in€Ð J'š"& Ðà Ê àhaplotype€differences€in€the€population:€€i.e.,€some€people€rapidly€excrete€the€Ð 3(ƒ#' Ðà Ê àPBDEs€while€others€do€not.€€Another€possibility€is€that€there€is€dfferential€Ð )l$( Ðà Ê àmetabolism€of€the€PBDEs€by€the€cytochrome€P450€(CYP)€family€of€enzymes€due€toÐ *U%) Ðà Ê àpolymorphisms€in€these€genes.€€The€third€is€that€there€are€polymorphisms€in€the€Ð î*>&* Ðà Ê àUGT€genes€that€are€induced€by€the€PBDEs€and€are€responsible€for€the€decrease€in€Ð ×+''+ Ðà Ê àthyroid€homeostasis€that€results€from€PBDE€exposures.€€Genotyping€could€address€Ð ° Ðà Ê àall€of€these€issues€of€genetic€heterogeneity€in€the€population€that€could€provide€a€Ð ™é Ðà Ê àbiological€rationale€for€the€observed€differences€in€body€burdens;€and,€identify€the€Ð ‚Ò Ðà Ê àgenetic€basis€of€biological€susceptability.€€For€example,€one€would€hypothesize€thatÐ k» Ðà Ê àwomen€with€high€levels€of€PBDEs€have€the€low€activity€MDR€transporter€or€have€aÐ T¤ Ðà Ê àhigh€activity€of€CYPs.€€If€this€biological€hypothesis€is€correct,€it€would€suggest€that€Ð =  Ðà Ê àexposure€of€the€U.S.€population€is€much€higher€overall€than€we€have€thought.€Ð & v Ðà Ê àÓ. °œX°°Ê¸ (#Ø'‹XÄp.ÓÓ.°°¸ (#Ø'‹X²°œX.ÓÌà  àIn€conducting€activities€to€achieve€the€purpose€of€this€proposal,€the€recipient€shall€be€Ð ø H Ðà  àresponsible€for€the€Recipient€Activities€listed€in€the€below€Funding€Priorities/Focus€Ð á 1  Ðà  àsection.Ð Ê   Ðà0  àÐ (#(# Ðò òA.€€Recipient€Activitiesó óÐ œì  Ðà0  àà ¸ àÐ (#(# Ðò òó óà0  àò òFunding€Priorities/Focus:€€€ó óThe€purpose€of€this€RFIP€is€to€solicit€proposals€for€aÐ o¿  Ðcooperative€agreement€to€carry€out€research€to€expand€current€understanding€of€theÐ [«  Ðimpact€of€two€classes€of€flame€retardants€on€the€occurrence€in€humans€and€theÐ D” Ðenvironment.€€Further€research€is€needed€to€quantify€the€levels€of€PBDEs€and€HBCDÐ -} Ðwithin€the€U.S.€population,€and€to€identify€the€possible€routes€of€exposure.€€ApplicantsÐ f Ðresponding€to€this€RFIP€shall€address€the€reseach€objectives€and€the€three€phases€(PhaseÐ ÿO ÐOne,€Phase€Two,€and€Phase€Three)€of€the€study€as€stated€above.€€€€Ðè8(#(# Ѐ€ò òò òó óà  àÐ Ñ! Ðà  àòòó óóóÌà  àò òGPRA€Goals,€Objectives:ó ó€€The€specific€Government€Performance€Results€Act€(GPRA)Ð £ó Ðà  à€Goals,€Objectives€and€Sub„objectives€that€relate€to€this€RFIP€include:Ð ß Ðà  àÌÓ. °œX°°¸ (#Ø'‹Xy.ÓÓ'°°ƒX(#Ø'‹X°œX'Óà  àÔ‡Xi®XXXÔÔ‡&}û%XXi®Ôà ` àÔ#†Xi®X%&}ûe#ÔGPRA€GOAL:€€€€€€4€„€Healthy€Communities€and€EcosystemsÐ a± ÐÓ+ °œX°°ƒX(#Ø'‹X+ÓÓ*°°(#Ø'‹X°œX*Óà  àà  à€€€4.5€„€ScienceÐ Jš Ðà  àà  à4.5.2€„€ResearchÔ#†Xi®XXXi®F#ÔÐ 3ƒ ÐÓ. °œX°°(#Ø'‹X)€.ÓÓ.°°¸ (#Ø'‹X2°œX.ÓÌà0  àò òStatutory€Authority€for€Award€of€Assistance:ó ó€Ô‡Xi®XXXi®ÔThis€research€is€arthorized€under€theÐ  U ÐToxic€Substances€Control€Act€(TSCA)€of€1976,€Section€10€(Research,€Development,Ð ñ A ÐCollection,€Dissemination,€and€Utilization€of€Data.).€Ô#†Xi®XXXi®Œ#ÔÐÚ!* (#(# Ðò òÌÌII.€à0  àòòAward€Informationó óóóЗ$ç#(#(# Ðò òó óò òó óÌà0  àò òAmount€and€Range€of€Individual€Award:ó ó€ò òMaximumó ó€of€$200,000€„€One€award,€whichÐ j&º!% Ðwill€not€exceed€$105,000€the€first€year,€$55,000€the€second€year€depending€upon€theÐ V'¦"& Ðavailability€of€funds,€and€$40,000€the€third€year€depending€upon€the€availability€of€funds.€Ð ?(#' Ðò òEPA€will€reject€proposals€that€exceed€à @« àthese€limits.€€ó óFuture€funding€for€the€proposedÐ ()x$( Ðproject€beyond€the€first€year€is€not€assured,€but€we€want€à @¸ àthe€proposals€to€include€the€yearÐ *d%) Ð2€and€year€3€work€in€order€to€make€it€easier€to€fund€that€à @« àwork€should€the€money€beÐ ý*M&* Ðavailable.€€ò ò€€ó óÐæ+6'+(#(# Їà0  àò òNumber€of€Awards:ó ó€€Oneа(#(# Ðò òó óÌà0  àò òFunding:ó ó€The€EPA€is€expected€to€fund€this€award€over€a€period€of€three€years€dependingÐ …Õ Ðupon€the€availability€of€funds.€€Funding€is€not€to€exceed€$105,000€the€first€year,€$55,000Ð qÁ Ðthe€second€year€depending€upon€the€availability€of€funds,€and€$40,000€the€third€yearÐ Zª Ðdepending€upon€the€availability€of€funds.€€Future€funding€for€the€proposed€à @w àproject€is€notÐ C “ Ðassured,€but€we€want€the€proposals€to€include€the€year€2€and€year€3€work€in€order€à @  àto€makeÐ , | Ðit€easier€to€fund€that€work€shall€the€money€be€available.€€Ð e(#(# Ðò òÌà  àProject€Period:ó ó€ÔÿÔ€€€€€December€1,€2004€„€November€30,€2007Ð è 8  ÐÔÿ ‰ÔÌà0  àò òSupplemental€Applications:ó ó€Applications€for€supplemental€awards€of€existing€EPAÐ ½  Ðassistance€agreements€will€not€be€eligible€to€compete€for€this€assistance€opportunity.Щù (#(# ÐÌà0  àò òType€of€Award:ó ó€€The€Agency€anticipates€the€award€of€a€cooperative€agreement.Ð{Ë (#(# ÐÌà  àò òòòóóAnticipated€Federal€Involvement:ó ó€€The€recipient€will€make€the€final€programmatic€and€Ð P  Ðà  àscientific€decisions.€€EPA€and€the€Project€Officer€for€this€assistance€agreement€anticipate€Ð <Œ Ðà  àinvolvement€in€the€implementation€of€the€research€as€follows:Ð %u Ðà  àÌà0  à1.€€EPA€is€able€to€provide€technical€consultation€in€the€design€and€conduct€of€the€researchÐ ÷G Ðincluding€and€consultation€in€analysis€of€research€data€and€the€interpretation€andÐ à0 Ðdissemination€of€research€findings.€€However,€the€final€decisions€on€these€matters€will€beÐ É Ðmade€by€the€recipient€provided€the€design€and€conduct€of€the€research€is€consistent€withÐ ² Ðthe€scope€of€work€EPA€agreed€to€fund.€Ó. °œX°°¸ (#Ø'‹X.ÓÓ-°°4¸ (#Ø'‹X°œX-ÓЛë(#(# ÐÓ1 °œX°°4¸ (#Ø'‹XjŽ1ÓÓ.°°¸ (#Ø'‹X*³°œX.ÓÌà0  à2.€€ò òó óProvide€consultation€in€the€development€of€a€research€protocol€for€InstitutionalÐ m½ ÐReview€Board€(IRB)€review€by€all€institutions€participating€in€the€research€project.€€TheÐ V¦ ÐEPA€human€subjects€official€will€review€and€approve€the€protocol€after€review€by€allÐ ? Ðother€participating€institutions€and€on€at€least€an€annual€basis€until€the€project€isÐ (x Ðcompleted.Ð a(#(# Ðà  àà ¸ àÌà0  à3.€€Provide€consultation€in€the€development€of€a€Quality€Assurance€Project€Plan€(QAPP).€Ð ã!3  ÐThe€EPA€will€review€and€approve€the€QAPP.€€In€addition,€the€recipient€will€be€subject€toÐ Ì"! ÐTechnical€Systems€Reviews€(TSRs)€which€will€be€conducted€by€EPA€staff.€€The€recipientÐ µ#" Ðshall€be€responsible€for€responding€to€TSR€reports.òòò òóóØ! !ØÐž$î#(#(# ÐÌIII.à0  àòòEligibility€Informationó óóóÐq&Á!%(#(# ÐÌà0  àò òEligible€Applicants:ó ó€€Programs€under€CFDA€66.511€are€available€to€each€State,€territoryÐ D(”#' Ðand€possession,€and€Tribal€nation€of€the€United€States,€including€the€District€ofÐ 0)€$( ÐColumbia,€for€public€and€private€State€universities€and€colleges,€hospitals,€laboratories,Ð *i%) ÐState€and€local€government€departments,€and€other€public€or€private€nonprofitÐ +R&* Ðinstitutions,€and€in€some€cases,€individuals€who€have€demonstrated€unusually€highÐ ë+;'+ Ðscientific€ability.€€However,€nonprofit€organizations€described€in€Section€501(c)(4)€of€theÐ ° ÐInternal€Revenue€Code€that€engage€in€lobbying€activities€as€defined€in€Section€3€of€theÐ ™é ÐLobbying€Disclosure€Act€of€1995€are€not€eligible€to€apply.ЂÒ(#(# ÐÌà0  àò òCost€Sharing€Requirements:ó ó€€None.€€However,€the€Agency€will€accept€voluntary€costÐ T¤ Ðshares€for€eligible€and€allowable€costs€that€address€the€RFIP€focus€of€this€cooperativeÐ @  Ðagreement.€€No€additional€percentages€will€be€added€to€an€applicant's€proposal€thatÐ ) y Ðincludes€voluntary€cost€shares.€€Cost€sharing€will€not€have€added€weight€to€an€applicant'sÐ  b Ðproposal.€€Proposals€with€or€without€cost€sharing€will€be€evaluated€equally.Ðû K(#(# ÐÌà0  àò òOther€Eligibility€Criteria:ó ó€Ø! !Ø€Eligible€nonprofit€organizations€include€any€organizationsÐ Í   Ðthat€meet€the€definition€of€nonprofit€in€OMB€Circular€A„122.€€However,€nonprofitÐ ¹  Ðorganizations€described€in€Section€501(c)(4)€of€the€Internal€Revenue€Code€that€engage€inÐ ¢ò  Ðlobbying€activities€as€defined€in€Section€3€of€the€Lobbying€Disclosure€Act€of€1995€areÐ ‹Û  Ðnot€eligible€to€apply.€€Universities€and€educational€institutions€must€be€subject€to€OMBÐ tÄ  ÐCircular€A„21.Ð]­ (#(# ÐÌà0  àGroups€of€two€or€more€eligible€applicants€may€choose€to€form€a€coalition€and€submit€aÐ / Ðsingle€application€for€this€assistance€agreement.€€Coalitions€must€identify€which€eligibleÐ h Ðorganization€will€be€the€recipient€of€the€assistance€agreement,€and€which€eligibleÐ Q Ðorganizations(s)€will€be€subawardees€of€the€recipient.€€Sub€awards€must€be€consistentÐ ê: Ðwith€the€definition€of€that€term€in€40€CFR€30.2(ff).€€The€recipient€must€administer€theÐ Ó# Ðassistance€agreement,€is€accountable€to€EPA€for€proper€expenditure€of€the€funds,€and€willÐ ¼  Ðbe€the€point€of€contact€for€the€coalition.€€As€provided€in€40€CFR€30.2(gg),€sub€recipientsÐ ¥õ Ðare€accountable€to€the€recipient€for€proper€use€of€EPA€funding.ÐŽÞ(#(# ÐÌà0  àCoalitions€may€not€include€for€profit€organizations€that€will€provide€services€or€productsÐ `° Ðto€the€successful€applicant.€€For€profit€organizations€are€not€eligible€for€sub€awards.€€AnyÐ I™ Ðcontracts€for€services€or€products€funded€with€EPA€financial€assistance€must€be€awardedÐ 2‚ Ðunder€the€competitive€procurement€procedures€of€40€CFR€Part€30.€€The€regulations€alsoÐ k Ðcontain€limitations€on€consultant€compensation.€€Applicants€are€not€required€to€identifyÐ  T Ðcontractors€or€consultants€in€the€proposal.€€Moreover,€the€fact€a€successful€applicant€hasÐ í = Ðnamed€a€specific€contractor€or€consultant€in€the€proposal€EPA€approves€does€not€relieveÐ Ö!&  Ðit€of€its€obligations€to€comply€with€competitive€procurement€requirements€or€consultantÐ ¿"! Ðcompensation€limitations.Ш#ø"(#(# ÐÌà0  àApplications€will€be€reviewed€for€threshold€eligibility€purposes€during€the€AdministrativeÐ z%Ê $ ÐReview€€and€Relevance€Review.€€Only€applications€that€are€found€acceptable€as€a€resultÐ c&³!% Ðof€the€administrative€review€and€relevance€review€will€be€evaluated€against€theÐ L'œ"& Ðevaluation€factors€set€forth€in€Section€V.€€Initial€proposals€from€eligible€applicantsÐ 5(…#' Ðdeemed€ineligible€for€award€or€that€fail€to€meet€either€the€administrative€review€orÐ )n$( Ðrelevance€review€will€be€returned€without€further€review.€€The€Admininstrative€ReviewÐ *W%) Ðand€Relevance€Review€factors€are€as€follows:Ðð*@&*(#(# ÐÐ Ù+)'+ Ðà0  àòòAdministrative€Review:óó€€All€initial€proposals€will€be€subject€to€an€administrative€reviewÐ ° Ðto€ensure€that€they€conform€with€the€requirements€of€this€RFIP.€€EPA€will€reject€anyÐ ™é Ðapplications€that€fail€to€ò òó óconformò ò€ó ówith€the€requirements€of€this€RFIP.ò òó ó€€ò òó óЂÒ(#(# ÐÌà0  àòòRelevance€Review:óó€€Initial€proposals€that€are€found€administratively€acceptable€will€beÐ W§ Ðsubjected€to€a€review€for€relevancy€to€EPAððs€mission€to€support€advancement€ofÐ @  Ðenvironmental€science.€€Initial€proposals€will€be€rejected€if€they€are€found€to€lackÐ ) y Ðrelevance.€ò ò€ó óExamples€of€proposals€that€lack€relevance€include€situations€where€the:€Ð b(#(# ÐÌà0  à1.€€Proposal€is€deficient€technically€with€no€chance€for€consideration.€€Ðç 7 (#(# ÐÌà0  à2.€€Proposal€fails€to€advance€the€objectives€stated€in€the€solicitation€even€if€successfullyÐ ¹  Ðperformed.Тò (#(# ÐÌà0  à3.€€Proposal€essentially€duplicates€research€already€completed€or€underway.€€Ô‡Xi®XXXi®ÔÐtÄ (#(# ÐÌà0  à4.€€Proposal€fails€to€demonstrate€a€public€purpose€of€support€and€stimulation;€i.e.,€itÐ F– Ðimplies€the€primary€purpose€is€to€provide€direct€support€to€the€Federal€government.Ð/(#(# Ðà  àò òó óÔ#†Xi®XXXi®¹©#ÔÌÓ€ &(ú½8yTMNOPQRSÓò òÌÌIV.ó óà0  àò òòòApplication€and€Submission€Informationóóó óÐÕ%(#(# ÐÌà0  àò òAddress€to€Request€Application€Package:ó ó€€€Janet€J.€Diliberto,€United€StatesÐ ¨ø ÐEnvironmental€Protection€Agency€(US€EPA),€National€Health€and€Environmental€EffectsÐ ”ä ÐResearch€Laboratory€(NHEERL),€Experimental€Toxicology€Division,€MD„B143„01,€109Ð }Í ÐT.€W.€Alexander€Drive,€Research€Triangle€Park,€NC€27711€or€diliberto.janet@epa.gov.€Ð f¶ ÐApplication€information€is€also€available€from€the€EPA/ORD/NHEERL€website€atÐ OŸ ÐòòóóòòÔÿÔÔ‡BXi®XXXi®Ôhttp://www.epa.gov/nheerl/about/researchopportunities.htmlÔ#†Xi®XXBXi®#®#ÔóóÔÿ®ÔÔ‡BXi®XXXi®Ô€Ô#†Xi®XXBXi®¶®#Ô€under€the€headingÐ 8ˆ ÐAssistance€Opportunities.€€This€document,€and€any€subsequent€amendments,€constitutesÐ !q Ðthe€entire€Request€for€Initial€Proposal.ò òÐ Z(#(# Ðó óÌà0  àò òÔ% €+ ÔContent€and€Form€of€Application€Submission:ó ó€€At€a€minimum,€the€initial€proposalÐ Ü!,  Ðshall€consist€of€the€following€items:ÐÈ"!(#(# Ðò òÌó óà0  à1.€A€cover€sheet€that€identifies€the€RFIP€title€and€identification€number,€name€andÐ ›$ë# Ðaddress€of€applicant,€point€of€contact,€telephone€number,€e„mail€address€for€the€applicant,Ð „%Ô $ Ðapplicant's€DUNS€number€(see€Section€VIII),€and€the€date€of€the€submission.Ðm&½!%(#(# ÐÌà0  à2.€Technical€proposal€that€discusses€the€approach€to€accomplishing€the€goals€(objectivesÐ ?(#' Ðand€the€three€phases)€stated€under€Funding€Priorities/Focus,€the€capabilities€(in€terms€ofÐ ()x$( Ðpersonnel€and€facilities)€of€the€applicant€to€complete€the€research,€the€expected€resultsÐ *a%) Ðfrom€this€research,€how€the€research€will€advance€and€stimulate€the€public€need€andÐ ú*J&* Ðsupport€the€accomplishment€of€a€public€purpose€and€not€principally€the€benefit€or€use€ofÐ ã+3'+ Ðthe€Federal€Government,€and€how€the€results€will€be€made€available€to€the€public€andÐ ° Ðgovernment.€€The€recipient€will€make€the€final€programmatic€and€scientific€decisions.€€InÐ ™é Ðdeveloping€the€technical€proposal,€the€applicant€must€focus€on€the€evaluation€criteria€setÐ ‚Ò Ðforth€in€Section€V€and€structure€the€proposal€to€address€each€of€the€criteria€in€the€orderÐ k» Ðlisted.ÐT¤(#(# ÐÓ. °œX°°¸ (#Ø'‹XçŽ.ÓÓ*e°½m Ý"'‹X°œX*Óà û àà  àÌÓ. °œXe°½m Ý"'‹X(¶.ÓÓ*°°¸ (#Ø'‹X°œX*Óà0  àThe€page€limitation€of€the€technical€proposal€is€10€double„sided€pages€(20€pages€total)€à @=" àà @=" àà @=" àÐ & v Ðwith€a€minimum€font€size€of€12.€€This€page€limitation€willò òó ó€include€all€text,€tables,€à @¢ àà @¢ àà @¢ àfigures,Ð  _ Ðreferences,€attachments,€and€appendices.€In€proposals€that€exceed€the€page€limits,€theÐ ø H Ðextra€pages€will€not€be€read.€€In€addition,€and€not€included€in€the€page€limit€describedÐ á 1  Ðabove,€a€2„page€curriculum€vitae€must€be€included€for€the€applicant€and€a€1„pageÐ Ê   Ðcurriculum€vitae€must€be€included€for€each€of€any€other€key€personnel€identified€in€theÐ ³  Ðapplicant's€proposal.€Ðœì (#(# ÐÓ. °œX°°¸ (#Ø'‹X™¶.ÓÓ.°°¸ (#Ø'‹X.T°œX.Óò òó óÌà0  à3.€€A€budget€estimate€for€the€project€that€is€broken€down€into€direct€labor,€fringe€benefits,Ð n¾  Ðequipment,€travel,€other€direct€costs€and€overhead€with€summaries€for€each€year€and€theÐ W§  Ðtotal€for€the€entire€project.€€Indicate€any€proposed€cost€sharing€(not€required).€€TheÐ @ ÐAgency€will€accept€voluntary€cost€shares€for€eligible€and€allowable€costs.€Ð)y(#(# ÐÓ. °œX°°¸ (#Ø'‹Xº.ÓÓ.°°¸ (#Ø'‹X*³°œX.ÓÌà0  àò òó ó4.€Ô‡BXi®XXXi®ÔA€Quality€Management€Plan€€that€describes€the€applicantÔ#†Xi®XXBXi®n¼#ÔÔ‡DXJäXXXi®Ô*Ô#†Xi®XXDXJäç¼#ÔÔ‡BXi®XXXi®Ôs€quality€system€for€itsÐ ûK Ðorganization.€€The€Plan€must€be€prepared€in€accordance€with€the€specifications€providedÐ è8 Ðin€Ô#†Xi®XXBXi®*½#ÔòòÔ‡BXi®XXXi®ÔEPA€Requirements€for€Quality€Management€PlansÔ#†Xi®XXBXi® ¾#ÔóóÔ‡BXi®XXXi®Ô€Ô#†Xi®XXBXi®}¾#ÔòòÔ‡BXi®XXXi®Ô(QA/R„2)€Ô#†Xi®XXBXi®Ã¾#ÔóóÔ‡BXi®XXXi®Ôor€address€the€sameÐ Ñ! Ðtopics€as€required€by€QA/R„2.Ô#†Xi®XXBXi®¿#ÔòòÔ‡BXi®XXXi®Ô€QA/R„2€Ô#†Xi®XXBXi®›¿#ÔóóÔ‡BXi®XXXi®Ômay€be€downloaded€from€the€Internet€atÔ#†Xi®XXBXi®è¿#ÔòòÔ‡BXi®XXXi®ÔÐ º  ÐÔ#†Xi®XXBXi®SÀ#ÔóóòòÔÿÔÔ‡BXi®XXXi®Ôhttp://www.epa.gov/quality/qa_docs.htmlÔ#†Xi®XXBXi®ÀÀ#ÔóóÔÿ°ÀÔÔ‡BXi®XXXi®Ô€Ô#†Xi®XXBXi®@Á#ÔУó(#(# ÐÌà0  àInitial€proposals€should€be€submitted€in€the€original€with€3€copies€and€should€be€double„Ð uÅ Ðsided.Ð^®(#(# Ðà0  àÐ (#(# Ðà0  àò òSubmission€Date,€Time,€and€Location:ó ó€€To€be€considered€timely,€initial€proposals€mustÐ 0€ Ðbe€received€by€ò ò4:00€pm€local€time€on€Monday,€November€1,€2004ó ó€from€the€U.S.€Postal€Ð l ÐService€or€other€commercial€delivery€service.€€Proposals€shall€be€submitted€to€Janet€J.Ð  X ÐDiliberto,€Project€Officer,€US€Environmental€Protection€Agency,€NHEERL/ETD,€MailÐ ñ A ÐDrop:€B143„01,€109€T.€W.€Alexander€Drive,€Research€Triangle€Park,€NC€27711.€ò ò€ó óInitialÐ Ú!*  Ðproposals€received€after€the€deadline€will€not€be€considered€and€will€be€returned€to€theÐ Æ"! Ðsubmitter.€€Applicants€that€submit€proposals€by€hand€may€request€a€receipt€from€theÐ ¯#ÿ" Ðsecurity€guard€at€the€main€entrance€of€the€U.S.€EPA€facility€at€109€T.€W.€AlexanderÐ ˜$è# ÐDrive,€Research€Triangle€Park,€NC.Ð%Ñ $(#(# Ðà0  àà0¸ (#(#àÐ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àò òIntergovernmental€Review:ó ó€€This€assistance€opportunity€is€subject€to€Executive€Order€Ð S'£"& Ðà  à12372,€"Intergovernmental€Review€of€Federal€Programs."€€Applicants€should€contact€Ð ?(#' Ðà  àtheir€State's€Single€Point€of€Contact€(SPOC)€to€find€out€how€to€comply€with€the€State's€Ð ()x$( Ðà  àprocess.€€The€names€and€addresses€of€the€SPOC's€are€listed€in€the€Office€of€Management€Ð *a%) Ðà  àand€Budget's€home€page€at:€€http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/grants/spoc.html.€€Ð ú*J&* ÐÐ ã+3'+ Ðà0  àò òFunding€Restrictions:€€ó óFunding€of€the€award€is€not€to€exceed€$105,000€the€first€year,Ð ° Ð$50,000€the€second€year,€and€$45,000€the€third€year€depending€upon€the€availability€ofÐ œì Ðfunds.€€ò òEPA€will€reject€proposals€that€exceed€à @ý àthese€limits.€€ó óFuture€funding€for€theÐ …Õ Ðproposed€project€beyond€the€first€yearò ò€ó óis€not€assured,€but€we€want€the€proposals€toÐ qÁ Ðinclude€the€year€2€and€year€3€work€in€order€à @¸ àto€make€it€easier€to€fund€that€work€should€theÐ ]­ Ðmoney€be€available.€€ÐF –(#(# ÐÌà0  àò òAmendments:ó ó€€Amendments€will€be€posted€on€this€website€and€synopsized€onÐ  h Ðfedgrants.gov€and€the€due€date€for€initial€proposals€will€be€extended€if€deemedÐ  T Ðappropriate.Ðí = (#(# ÐÌò òó óà0  àò òOther€Submission€Requirements:ó ó€€None.п (#(# ÐÌò òV.ó óà0  àò òòòApplication€Review€Informationóóó óДä (#(# ÐÌà0  àò òCriteria:ó ó€€ò òó ó€The€criteria€used€to€evaluate€proposals€include:Ðg· (#(# ÐÌà0  àòòAdministrative€Review:óó€€As€stated€in€Section€III,ò ò€ó óall€initial€proposals€will€be€subject€to€anÐ <Œ Ðadministrative€review€to€ensure€that€they€conform€with€the€requirements€of€this€RFIP.€€€Ð (x ÐEPA€will€reject€any€applications€that€fail€to€conform€with€the€requirements€of€this€RFIP.€ò ò€ó óÐ a Ðò òó óÐ (#(# ÐÌà0  àòòRelevance€Review:óó€€As€stated€in€Section€III,€initial€proposals€that€are€foundÐ Ï Ðadministratively€acceptable€will€be€subjected€to€a€review€for€relevancy€to€EPAððs€missionÐ ¸ Ðto€support€advancement€of€environmental€science.€€Initial€proposals€may€be€rejected€ifÐ ¡ñ Ðthey€are€found€to€lack€relevance.€€Examples€of€proposals€that€lack€relevance€includeÐ ŠÚ Ðsituations€where€the:ÐsÃ(#(# ÐÌà0  à1.€€Proposal€is€deficient€technically€with€no€chance€for€consideration.€€ÐE•(#(# ÐÌà0  à2.€€Proposal€fails€to€advance€the€objectives€stated€in€the€solicitation€even€if€successfullyÐ  g Ðperformed.Ð!P(#(# ÐÌà0  à3.€€Proposal€essentially€duplicates€research€already€completed€or€underway.€€ÐÒ""!(#(# ÐÌà0  à4.€€Ô‡Xi®XXXi®ÔProposal€fails€to€demonstrate€a€public€purpose€of€support€and€stimulation;€i.e.,€itÐ ¤$ô# Ðimplies€the€primary€purpose€is€to€provide€direct€support€to€the€Federal€government.Ô#†Xi®XXXi®qÒ#ÔÔ‡ X‚²XXXi®ÔÐ%Ý $(#(# Ðà  àÌà  àÔ#†Xi®XX X‚²nÓ#ÔòòNext€Step€in€Review€Process:óó€€Only€initial€proposals€that€meet€the€adminitrative€review€Ð _'¯"& Ðà  àand€relevance€review€will€be€subject€to€the€technical€review€described€belowò ò€ó óand€be€Ð H(˜#' Ðà  àeligible€for€award.€€Initial€proposals€from€eligible€applicants€that€are€deemed€ineligibleÐ 4)„$( Ðfor€à  àaward€or€that€fail€to€meet€either€the€administrative€review€or€relevance€review€will€be€Ð *m%) Ðà  àreturned€without€further€review.Ð +V&* ÐÐ ï+?'+ Ðà0  àòòCriteria€For€Technical€Review:óó€€Initial€proposals€that€are€found€administrativelyÐ ° Ðacceptable€and€relevant€shall€be€reviewed€for€technical€merit€against€the€followingÐ ™é Ðcriteria.ЂÒ(#(# Ðà  àÌà0  à1.€€Technical€approach€for€addressing€the€RFIP€focus€includes€the€use€of€a€cohort€ofÐ T¤ Ðwomen€living€in€a€geographical€area€where€high€levels€of€PBDEs€have€been€documentedÐ =  Ðand€previously€reported.€€From€these€women,€breast€milk€samples€must€have€beenÐ & v Ðcollected€and€PBDEs€levels€must€have€been€determined.€€In€these€women,€a€dietary€andÐ  _ Ðlifestyle€information€must€has€been€collected.€€These€women€must€be€first€time€mothersÐ ø H Ð(donors€or€participants)€in€their€second€to€eighth€week€of€lactation.€€All€of€these€factorsÐ á 1  Ðare€important€in€linking€human€exposure€to€body€burdens€of€PBDEs.€€This€link€is€à @§ àneededÐ Ê   Ðto€meet€the€proposed€project's€research€objectives€of€exploring€the€critical€issues€relatedÐ ³  Ðto€body€burden€variability€of€PBDEs€and€makes€possible€the€exposure€assessment€ofÐ œì  ÐPBDEs€in€women.€€(40%)Ð…Õ (#(# ÐÌà0  à2.€€Institutional€capability€for€addressing€the€RFIP€focus€including€laboratory€space€andÐ W§  Ðequipment€must€be€available€for€use€under€this€assistance€agreement€near€the€sameÐ @ Ðgeographical€region€of€the€area€where€high€levels€of€PBDEs€have€been€documented€andÐ )y Ðpreviously€reported.€€(10%)€€€€Ðb(#(# Ðà  àÌà0  à3.€€Qualifications€of€the€applicant€for€addressing€the€RFIP€focus€include€that€the€applicantÐ ä4 Ðmust€be€familiar€with€the€design€and€conduct€of€an€epidemiology€study€as€referred€to€inÐ Í Ðthe€research€objectives€and€three€phases€of€this€assistance€agreement.€€The€applicant€mustÐ ¶ Ðbe€familiar€with€conduct€of€a€human€study,€analytical€chemisty,€sampling€and€analyzingÐ Ÿï Ðboth€human€and€environmental€samples,€and€analyzing€and€reporting€the€data€as€relatedÐ ˆØ Ðto€this€assistance€agreement.€€The€applicant€must€be€associated€with€a€geographicalÐ qÁ Ðregion€where€high€levels€of€PBDEs€have€been€documented€and€previously€reported.€Ð Zª Ð(30%)€ÐC“(#(# ÐÌà  à4.€€Past€Performance.€Demonstrated€peer„reviewed€publication€record€in€projects€of€Ð e Ðà  àsimilar€size€and€scope€to€this€agreement.€(10%)Ð þN ÐÌà0  à5.€€Quality€Management€Plan.€Current€overall€quality€assurance€plan€for€the€applicant'sÐ Ð!   Ðorganization.€(10%)й" !(#(# Ðà0  àòòóóò òà ¸ àÐ (#(# ÐÌÌà  àReview€and€Selection€Process:ó óÐ `&°!% ÐÌà0  àòòEvaluation€Process:óó€€The€administrative€and€relevancy€reviews€will€be€conducted€by€EPAÐ 3(ƒ#' Ðpersonnel€who€are€not€a€part€of€the€technical€review€panel.€€The€review€of€the€technicalÐ )l$( Ðreview€criteria€will€be€conducted€by€a€technical€review€panel;€the€technical€review€panelÐ *U%) Ðshall€consist€of€at€least€one€internal€EPA€reviewer€and€at€least€two€non„EPA€reviewersÐ î*>&* Ðwho€are€able€to€demonstrate€technical€expertise€in€the€areas€related€to€the€RFIP€and€DOÐ ×+''+ ÐNOT€HAVEò ò€ó óany€conflicts€of€interest.€Ð°(#(# ÐÌà0  àòòSource€Selection:óó€€A€preliminary€€selection€of€the€applicant€for€award€will€be€made€basedÐ …Õ Ðupon€the€ranking€of€the€technical€review€panel€and€the€other€factors€discussed€above.€Ð n¾ ÐThe€Decision€Official€is€an€Office€of€Research€and€Development€(ORD)€Manager€whoÐ W§ Ðwill€preliminarily€select€which€applicant€should€receive€the€award.Ð@ (#(# ÐÌà0  àòòFull€Application:óó€€The€applicant€selected€for€award€will€be€requested€to€submit€a€full,Ð  b Ðdetailed€application€in€accordance€with€the€guidance€provided€by€EPAððs€Office€of€GrantsÐ û K Ðand€Debarment€(Ô4‚Ý D ÔÝ‚ÍOÝÔÿÔòòÝ  ÝÔ5  ÔÔÿÔhttp://www.epa.gov/ogd/).Ô6çÔÝ‚ÍOçƒÝóóÔÔÝ  ÝÔ7Ý „HçÔ€Ðä 4 (#(# ÐÌà0  àòòRejection€Factors:óó€Applications€will€be€rejected€because€they€fail€to€comply€ò òó ówith€theÐ ¶  Ðadministrative€requirements€of€the€RFIP,€they€are€found€to€lack€relevancy,€they€areÐ Ÿï  Ðjudged€technically€unacceptable,€or€they€are€not€deemed€suitable€for€award€due€to€otherÐ ˆØ  Ðfactors€(if€€identified).€€€EPA€reserves€the€right€to€reject€all€proposals€or€applications€andÐ qÁ  Ðmake€no€awards.òòóóò òó óÐZª (#(# Ðòòóóà  àÌÌà0  àò òAnticipated€Announcement€and€Award€Dates:ó ó€€€The€anticipated€award€date€isÐ e Ðò òDecember€1,€2004.€€ó óÐQ(#(# ÐÌò òVI.ó óà0  àò òòòAward€Administration€Informationóóó óÐÓ#(#(# ÐÌà0  àò òAward€Notices:ó ó€€Notice€of€award€will€be€made€in€writing€by€an€official€in€the€EPAÐ ¦ö ÐGrants€Administration€Division.€€Preliminary€selection€by€the€Decision€Official€in€theÐ ’â ÐOffice€of€Research€and€Development€does€not€guarantee€an€award€will€be€made.€Ð {Ë ÐApplicants€are€cautioned€that€only€a€grants€officer€can€bind€the€Government€to€theÐ d´ Ðexpenditure€of€funds.€€No€commitment€on€the€part€of€EPA€should€be€inferred€fromÐ M Ðtechnical€or€budgetary€discussions€with€an€EPA€Program€Official.€€A€PrincipalÐ 6† ÐInvestigator€or€organization€that€makes€financial€or€personnel€commitments€in€theÐ o Ðabsence€of€a€grant€or€cooperative€agreement€signed€by€the€EPA€Grants€Award€OfficialÐ  X Ðdoes€so€at€their€own€risk.Ðñ A(#(# ÐÌà0  àEPA€will€promptly€notify€in€writing€(postal€or€email)€those€applicants€whose€proposalÐ Ã"! Ðhas€not€been€relected€for€award.€€An€unsuccessful€applicant€may€request€a€debriefing€toÐ ¬#ü" Ðbetter€understand€the€evaluated€strengths€and€weaknesses€of€its€proposal€and€the€reason€itÐ •$å# Ðwas€not€selected€for€award.Ð~%Î $(#(# Ðò òÌà  àAdministrative€and€National€Policy€Requirements:ó ó€Ð Q'¡"& ÐÌà0  àòòRegulations€and€OMB€Coverage:óóÐ&)v$((#(# ÐÌà0  àGrants€and€agreements€with€institutions€of€higher€education,€hospitals,€and€other€non„Ð ø*H&* Ðprofit€organizations€are€subject€to€40€CFR€Parts€30€and€40€and€OMB€Circular€A„122€forÐ á+1'+ Ðnon„profits€and€A„21€for€institutions€of€higher€learning.а(#(# ÐÌà0  àGrants€and€agreements€with€state,€local,€and€tribal€governments€are€subject€to€40€CFRÐ ‚Ò ÐParts€31€and€40€and€OMB€Circular€A„87.Ðk»(#(# ÐÌòòà  àDisputes:óó€€Disputes€will€be€resolved€pursuant€to€the€process€described€in€40€CFR€30.63€Ð =  Ðà  àand€Part€31,€subpart€F.ò ò€ó óÐ & v ÐÌà0  àòòProgrammatic€Terms€and€Conditions:óó€€Terms€and€conditions€will€include€a€substantialÐ û K ÐEPA€involvment€provision€and€will€be€negotiated€with€the€selected€recipient€covering€theÐ ä 4  Ðfollowing€requirements:ÐÍ  (#(# Ðà  àà ¸ àÌà0  àAn€acceptable€quality€assurance€document,€i.e.,€Quality€Assurance€Project€Plan€(QAPP),Ð Ÿï  Ðshall€be€due€within€45€days€of€award.ÐˆØ (#(# ÐÌÌò òó óà0  àò òReporting:ó ó€€ÐC“(#(# ÐÌà0  àòòQuarterly€Progress€Reportsóó:€€The€selected€recipient€will€be€required€to€submit€quarterlyÐ h Ðprogress€reports€(hard€and€electronic€copies)€summarizing€technical€progress,€difficultiesÐ Q Ðencountered,€and€planned€activities€for€the€next€quarter.€€Each€report€shall€include€aÐ ê: Ðsummary€of€expenditures.ÐÓ#(#(# ÐÌà0  àòòFinal€Report:óó€€The€selected€recipient€will€be€required€to€submit€a€final€report€(hard€andÐ ¥õ Ðelectronic€copies)€within€90€days€of€the€completion€of€the€period€of€performance.€€ò òÐŽÞ(#(# ÐÌVII.ó óà0  àò òòòAgency€Contactóóó óÐa±(#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€primary€agency€contact€for€this€RFIP€isÔÿÔ€ÔÿºøÔJanet€J.€Diliberto€at:Ð4„(#(# ÐÓ. °œX°°¸ (#Ø'‹X*¼.ÓÓ'°°ƒX(#Ø'‹X°œX'Óà  àà ` àUS€Environmental€Protection€AgencyÐ m Ðà  àà ` àNational€Health€and€Environmental€Effects€Research€Laboratory€(NHEERL)Ð  V Ðà  àà ` àExperimental€Toxicology€DivisionÐ ï ? Ðà  àà ` àMD„B143„01Ð Ø!(  Ðà  àà ` à109€T.€W.€Alexander€DriveÐ Á"! Ðà  àà ` àResearch€Triangle€Park,€NC€27711Ð ª#ú" Ðà  àà ` àTelephone:€€919„541„7921€Ð “$ã# Ðà  àà ` àFax:€€919„541„9464Ð |%Ì $ Ðà  àà ` àE„mail:€€diliberto.janet@epa.gov€€€€€€Ð e&µ!% ÐÓ+ °œX°°ƒX(#Ø'‹XBù+ÓÌÓ.°°¸ (#Ø'‹XmB°œX.Óà0  àIf€unable€to€reach€Janet€J.€Diliberto,€please€contact€Ms.€Margaret€Mann€at:Ð7(‡#'(#(# ÐÓ. °œX°°¸ (#Ø'‹XFü.ÓÓ'°°‚X(#Ø'‹X°œX'Óà  àà ` àTelephone:€€919„541„4896Ð  )p$( Ðà  àà ` àFax:€€919„541„2581Ð  *Y%) Ðà  àà ` àE„mail:€€mann.margaret@epa.govÐ ò*B&* ÐÓ+ °œX°°‚X(#Ø'‹Xý+ÓÓ.°°¸ (#Ø'‹XJ„°œX.ÓÐ Û++'+ Ðò òVIII.ó óà0  àò òòòOther€Informationóóó óа(#(# ÐÌà0  àò òQuestions:ó ó€€Questions€should€be€submitted€in€writing€to€Janet€J.€Dilibertoò òó ó.€€Do€notÐ ƒÓ Ðattempt€to€seek€information€regarding€this€RFIP€from€any€source€other€than€thoseÐ o¿ Ðidentified€in€Section€VII€as€the€information€provided€may€be€erroneous.€€Answers€toÐ X¨ Ðsignificant€clarifying€questions€will€be€posted€on€a€web€site.€€If€there€is€a€material€changeÐ A ‘ Ðto€the€RFIP€(i.e.,€an€extension€of€the€due€date,€increase€or€decrease€in€funding,€change€inÐ * z Ðcriteria),€then€an€amendment€will€be€made€to€this€RFIP.Ð c(#(# ÐÌòòà0  àóóò òConfidential€Information:ó ó€€Clearly€mark€information€considered€to€be€confidential.€Ð å 5  ÐEPA€will€make€final€confidentially€decisions€in€accordance€with€Agency€regulations€at€Ð Ñ !  Ð40€CFR,€Part€2,€Subpart€B.€€As€noted€above,€initial€proposals€for€research€andÐ º  Ðdemonstration€projects€will€be€provided€to€at€least€two€non„EPA€consultants€for€review.€€Ð £ó  ÐAll€reviewers€will€be€required€to€sign€confidentiality€agreements€certifying€they€will€keepÐ ŒÜ  Ðall€deliberations€confidential,€and€they€will€not€copy€any€portions€of€any€materialÐ uÅ  Ðprovided€by€EPA€for€review,€and€they€will€return€all€material€to€EPA€upon€request.€€IfÐ ^®  Ðyou€are€unwilling€to€allow€non„EPA€consultants€to€review,€please€advise€us€of€yourÐ G— Ðdecision€in€a€cover€letter€to€your€proposal.€€The€successful€applicant€must€provide€allÐ 0€ Ðdata,€methods,€and€models€resulting€from€this€agreement€to€EPA.€€The€Agency€will€useÐ i Ðand€disseminate€the€information€in€accordance€with€EPA€regulations€at€40€CFR€30.36.ÐR(#(# ÐÓ. °œX°°¸ (#Ø'‹X9þ.ÓÌÓB.°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#°œXBÓòòà0  àóóò òDUNS€Number:€€ó óGrant€applicants€are€required€to€provide€a€Dun€and€Bradstreet€(D&B)Ð Ô$ ÐData€Universal€Numbering€System€(DUNS)€number€when€applying€for€Federal€grants€orÐ À Ðcooperative€agreements.€€OMB€has€determined€that€there€is€a€need€for€improvedÐ ©ù Ðstatistical€reporting€of€Federal€grants€and€cooperative€agreements.€Use€of€the€DUNSÐ ’â Ðnumber€government„wide€will€provide€a€means€to€identify€entities€receiving€those€awardsÐ {Ë Ðand€their€business€relationships.€The€identifier€will€be€used€for€tracking€purposes,€and€toÐ d´ Ðvalidate€address€and€point€of€contact€information.€ÐM(#(# ÐÌà0  àA€DUNS€number€will€be€required€whether€an€applicant€is€submitting€a€paper€applicationÐ o Ðor€using€the€government„wide€electronic€portal€(Grants.gov).€€The€DUNS€number€willÐ  X Ðsupplement€other€identifiers€required€by€statute€or€regulation,€such€as€tax€identificationÐ ñ A Ðnumbers.€€Organizations€can€receive€a€DUNS€number€in€one€day,€at€no€cost,€by€callingÐ Ú!*  Ðthe€dedicated€toll„free€DUNS€Number€request€line€at€1ð!ð866ð!ð705ð!ð€5711.€Individuals€whoÐ Ã"! Ðwould€personally€receive€a€grant€or€cooperative€agreement€award€from€the€FederalÐ ¬#ü" Ðgovernment€apart€from€any€business€or€non„profit€organization€they€may€operate€areÐ •$å# Ðexempt€from€this€requirement.€€The€website€where€an€organization€can€obtain€a€DUNSÐ ~%Î $ Ðnumber€is:€Ô  ÔòòÔÿÔhttp://www.dnb.comóóÔÿÅ Ô.€€This€takes€30€business€days€and€there€is€no€cost€unlessÐ g&·!% Ðthe€organization€requests€expedited€(1„day)€processing,€which€includes€a€fee€of€$40.ÐP' "&(#(# ÐÐ  9(‰#' Ðò òREFERENCES:ó óÐ ° ÐÓ$ÿÿܽü!°°X$Óà0 Ü àÐ Ü(#Ü(# ÐÝ‚CÿÿÿÝÓ  ÓÓ*ÿÿܽéü!ÿÿܽü!*ÓÔ€Xi®XXXi®ÔÔ€GXi®XXXi®ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÝ  ÝÔ‡Xi®XXGXi®ÔÓ€ F(ÿÿ48&ÓÓH.ÿÿÜ4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿܽéü!HÓà0 Ü àà àà @ àà0ÜÜ(#Ü(#àÐ Ü(#Ü(# Ð1.€€Hooper,€K.€and€McDonald,€T.A.€€2000.€€The€PBDEs:€An€emerging€environmental€challengeÐ l¼ Ðand€another€reason€for€breast„milk€monitoring€programs.€Environmental€Health€Perspectives€Ð U¥ Ð108:387„392.Ð > Ž ÐÝ‚CÿÿÿB€OMBÝÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€Xi®XXXi®ÔÔ€Xi®XXXi®ÔÓ*ÿÿܽü!ÿÿÜ‚,Œ ŠX*ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ#†GXi®XXXi®é#ÔÔ‡Xi®XXGXi®ÔÓE+ÿÿ Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿܽü!EÓÌÓ ÜÜŒXÿÿÜŒXÓ2.€€Birnbaum,€L.S.€and€Staskel,€D.€€2004.€€Brominated€flame€retardants:€€A€cause€for€concern.€Ð  ` ÐEnvironmental€Health€Perspectives€€112(1):€€9„17.€€Ð ù I ÐOnline,€€òòÔªÔhttp://eÔ €H Ôhpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2003/6559/abstract.htmlóóÔª9ÔÔ#†GXi®XXXi®ï#ÔÔ‡Xi®XXGXi®ÔÐ â 2  ÐÌ3.€€Schecter.€A.,€Pavuk,€M.,€Ppke,€O.,€Ryan,€J.J.,€Birnbaum,€L.,€and€Rosen,€R..€2003.€Ð ´  ÐPolybrominated€diphenyl€ethers€in€U.S.€mother's€milk.€€Environmental€Health€Perspectives€Ð í  Ð111(14):€€1723„1729.Ð †Ö  ÐÓ?+ÿÿ Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÜÜŒX?ÓÌÓB.ÿÿÜ4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿÜŒXBÓ4.€€McDonald,€T.A.€€2002.€€A€perspective€on€the€potential€health€risks€of€PBDEs.€ChemosphereÐ X¨  Ð46€(5):745„755.Ð A‘ ÐÓE+ÿÿ Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿÜ‚,Œ ŠXEÓÌÓB.ÿÿÜ4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿÜŒXBÓ5.€€Kem,€I.€(The€Swedish€National€Chemical€Inspectorate)€Phase„out€of€PBDEs€and€PBBs€„Ð c ÐReport€on€a€Governmental€Commission,€Report€No€2/99€(1999).€€Available€atÐ üL ÐÝ‚EÿÿÿÝÔ€Xi®XXXi®ÔÔ€X¦ÖXXXi®ÔÔ€GXi®XXX¦ÖÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔªÔòòÝ  ÝÔ#†GXi®XXGXi®É#ÔÔ‡Xi®XXGXi®Ôhttp://www.kemi.seóóÝ‚EÿiqÝÔªÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€Xi®XXXi®ÔÔ€Xi®XXXi®ÔÝ  Ý.€€Accessed€August,€1999.Ð å5 ÐÓE+ÿÿ Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿÜ‚,Œ ŠXEÓÌÓB.ÿÿÜ4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿÜŒXBÓ6.€€Hale,€R.C.,€La€Guardia,€M.J.,€Harvey,€E.P.,€Gaylor,€M.O.,€Mainor,€T.M.,€Duff,€W.H.€2001.€Ð · ÐFlame€retardants.€Persistent€pollutants€in€land„applied€sludges.€Nature€€412€(6483):140„141.Ð  ð ÐÓE+ÿÿ Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿÜ‚,Œ ŠXEÓÌÓB.ÿÿÜ4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿÜŒXBÓ7.€€Alaee,€M.€and€Wenning,€R.J.€2002.€Understanding€the€significance€of€brominated€flameÐ r Ðretardants€in€the€environment:€Current€understanding,€issues€and€challenges.€Chemosphere€€46Ð [« Ð(5):579„582.Ð D” ÐÓE+ÿÿ Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿÜ‚,Œ ŠXEÓÌÓB.ÿÿÜ4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿÜŒXBÓ8.€€She,€J.,€Petreas,€M.X.,€Winkler,€J.,€Visita,€P.,€McKinney,€M.,€and€Kopec,€D.€2001.€€PBDEs€inÐ f Ðthe€San€Francisco€bay€area:€Measurements€in€harbor€seal€blubber€and€human€breast€adiposeÐ ÿO Ðtissue.€Chemosphere€€46€(5):697„707.Ð è 8 ÐÓE+ÿÿ Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿÜ‚,Œ ŠXEÓÌÓB.ÿÿÜ4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿÜŒXBÓ9.€€National€Research€Council.€2000.€Hexabromocyclododecane.€In:€Toxicological€Risks€ofÐ º" ! 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