ÿWPC› |jNò–h€¬FKè¤kÝG&ΫpF’ïÝèéuA4¶9þ q÷‚à0>Ùv¨Jˆ(zžÅ“KQJ"vöJĆ]‚œ:gOI6»\+u øæ£Ž n—ì|ò^ï‚»M4 ŠŠ@ô©ó…éYÆÁ†R/ˆ¨êª¨r…;‚èz@$.$P´[ÙI&– ;ɱ¦»Q……×ÚøÔ¼6r¡“裼~âÑ:ZW»DÇÀØ9*¾M4öݱæÛBP[ X®f2:ÂLKøñîTdžJ|ˆI "kE[-¹<‚DBå¸;^ß§ãH}ë`Dþâ3#!ÊUNë %9 0(?w@g4§»JÊÛ µï E¤ 0 l¦ 0 D^ VbÓdUN7 …¥ 0D­ 0PñgAU<¨ äîNôô möó    0D BDDøaa AYYYYYYYYYYYYÃØ˜HP LaserJet IIIØ,,,,,Ø,0(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ «E¬­E®¯E°±²€³e´¶Qf%3|x´ @Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àA€ð ðsyntheticðð€minor€limit€restricts€potential€emissions€at€an€otherwise€major€sourceÐ ° Ðto€levels€below€applicable€major€source€thresholds.€€These€limits€generally€are€in€the€form€ofÏoperational€or€production€limits.€€The€term€may€also€refer€to€limits€an€existing€major€source€takesÏto€restrict€its€potential€emissions€from€a€modification€to€levels€below€applicable€significanceÏthresholds€(e.g.,€40€tpy€of€SOòò2óó).€€òòSeeóó€40€C.F.R.€ðð€52.21(b)(23). ÑÝ ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àMany€civil€major€NSR€cases€are€deemed€to€be€ð ðnationally€significant,ðð€and€hence,Ð ° Ðrequire€Headquarters€concurrence.€€This€guidance€also€applies€to€administrative€major€NSR€cases.€ÏThus,€any€reference€to€requirements€of€a€ð ðConsent€Decreeðð€in€the€context€of€a€civil€case€appliesÏequally€to€the€resolution€of€an€administrative€major€NSR€case. «Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àThis€reference€to€synthetic€minor€permits€includes€limits€solely€on€operation€andÐ ° Ðproduction€(e.g.,€hours€of€operation)€as€well€as€limits€that€require€installation€and€operation€ofÏcontrol€technology.€€In€other€words,€a€violating€source€may€not€avoid€the€injunctive€relief€requiredÏin€this€guidance€by€installing€air€pollution€control€equipment€or€making€process€changes€whichÐ tÄ o Ðmay€reduce€its€emissions€to€below€the€applicable€thresholds,€but€does€not€reduce€emissions€to€theÏlevel€possible€with€BACT/LAER„equivalent€controls€or€process€changes.((2üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóóé}r%ä ÉÝ ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àGenerally,€BACT€and€LAER€require€the€installation€of€add„on€pollution€controlÐ ° Ðequipment.€€There€are€instances,€however,€when€BACT€or€LAER€may€be€reflected€in€a€change€inÏprocesses€equipment€design€or€operation€(e.g.,€material€usage).€€References€to€BACT/LAER€inÏthis€guidance€include€both€control€equipment€technology€and€operational€changes.(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular Ô_Ôò òó ó(3¯$§§Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý((3/Q$««Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ d Ô ]Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àAlthough€all€permit€limits€and€conditions€are€enforceable,€only€operational€orÐ ° Ðproduction€limits€that€are€ð ðpractically€enforceableðð€will€be€used€to€determine€a€sourceððs€potentialÏto€emit.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.,óó,€ð ðGuidance€on€Limiting€Potential€to€Emit€in€New€Source€Permittingðð€(June€13,Ð ˆØ Ð1989)€(document€no.€2.31€in€NSR€Guidance€Notebook).€€The€EPA€is€in€the€process€of€proposingÏa€rule€which€would€codify€the€elements€of€a€practically€enforceable€limit.ô\ `$Times NewRoman Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àNew€Source€Review€includes€the€Clean€Air€Act€Part€D€nonattainment€NSR€andÐ ° Ðthe€Part€C€Prevention€of€Significant€Deterioration€(PSD)€programs.€ üÝ ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àEPA€realizes€that€in€some€instances,€a€new€source€may€not€precisely€know€what€itsÐ ° Ðemissions€will€be€until€it€has€constructed€and€begun€operations.€€Thus,€a€source€which€in€goodÏfaith€obtained€synthetic€minor€source€limits€may€find€itself€unable€to€meet€those€limits.€€AlthoughÏthis€is€a€concern€when€determining€the€appropriate€penalty,€it€should€not€affect€the€appropriateÏinjunctive€relief.€ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ éÝ ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àThis€guidance€does€not€alter€EPAððs€current€policy€that€the€BACT€or€LAERÐ ° Ðdetermination€is€made€at€the€time€a€source€goes€through€NSR€permit€review.€€Thus,€if€a€sourceÐ œì o Ðviolates€NSR€in€1995€(e.g.,€by€constructing€a€major€source€without€a€major€NSR€permit)€andÏfinally€applies€for€a€permit€in€1998,€whatever€technology€is€BACT€or€LAER€in€1998€should€beÏrequired€in€the€NSR€permit.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€ð ðBACT/LAER€Determination€Cut„off€Dateðð€(Jan.€11,Ð <Ø Ð1990)€(BACT€determination€cut„off€at€date€of€final€permit€issuance)€(document€no.€8.43€in€NewÏSource€Review€Guidance€Notebook).(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý d WebpageSeitzOAQPSWegman OGCFooteToxics DOJinsur[ingphaseout grandfatheringCostle t]he yúÿ  <<= 8ÀÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ ¹Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà ` àThis€guidance€applies€equally€to€new€and€existing€sources.€€Thus,€any€and€allÐ ° Ðreferences€to€new€source€construction€and€major€source€thresholds€apply€equally€to€modificationsÏat€existing€sources€and€the€applicable€significance€thresholds€(e.g.,€40€tpy€of€SOòò2óó).€€òòSeeóó€40€C.F.R.Ð ˆØ Ððð€52.12(b)(23).Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÌÌÌÌÌñ±ññªñÔ_Ôprepñªññ±ññ«ññªñearñªññ«ññ±ññ¬ñaredbyÔ_Ô:\Ô_Ôhoñ¬ññ±ññ­ññ¬ñmesñ¬ññ­ññ±ññ®ñlmesÔ_Ô\2242a\564„87ñ®ññ±ññ¯ññ®ñ90ñ®ññ¯ññ±ññ°ñ09\f:\...Ô_ÔnsrÔ_Ô\Ô_ÔinjuncÔ_Ô\Ô_Ônsrguid.finÔ_Ôñ°ññ±ññ²ñà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àñ²ññ³ñNovember€17,€1998ñ³ñÌà  àà ` àÌà  àà ` àÌÌÔ‡X XXXÔò òòòÑ8€ XXdìdÈ8ÑÑ  ÑMEMORANDUMóóÐ °L  ÐÖ€ÿÿÖÌSUBJECTó ó:à0 ` àGuidance€on€the€Appropriate€Injunctive€Relief€for€Violations€of€Ðˆ$ ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#àMajor€New€Source€Review€RequirementsÐ ` (#` (# ÐÌò òFROM:ó óà ` àEric€V.€Schaeffer,€DirectorÐ Pì  Ðà  àà ` àOffice€of€Regulatory€EnforcementÌÌò òTO:ó óà  àà ` àAddresseesÐ ´ ÐßA€" ) °°xdE°xAßÐ ¤ ÐÌÔ#†X XXX 7#ÔÔ‡X XXX Ôà  àThis€guidance€sets€forth€the€injunctive€relief€that€the€U.S.€Environmental€ProtectionÐ Ÿ ÐAgency€(EPA)€should€seek€in€settlements€of€major€New€Source€Review€(NSR)€enforcementÏactions.Ô#†X XXX æ#Ô׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Monetary€penalties€should€continue€to€be€determined€pursuant€to€the€Clean€Air€ActÐ Ûw ÐStationary€Source€Penalty€Policy€and€Appendices.€€ÌÌò òòòIntroductionóóó óÐ Ÿ; ÐÌà  àTo€maintain€a€level€playing€field€for€regulated€sources€across€the€country,€the€Office€ofÏRegulatory€Enforcement€(ORE)€is€issuing€this€guidance€setting€forth€the€injunctive€relief€it€expectsÏto€see€in€judicial€Consent€Decrees€and€in€administrative€case€settlements€concerning€major€NSR€Ïenforcement€cases.׃ h×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€In€particular,€this€guidance€addresses€cases€where€either€(1)€a€source€failed€Ð  ;!× Ðto€obtain€a€major€NSR€permit€prior€to€commencing€construction€of€a€major€source€or€a€majorÏmodification€or€(2)€a€source€with€a€synthetic€minor€limit׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€regularly€violated€that€limit.Ð Pì ÐÌÔ‡X XXX Ôà  àÔ#†X XXX - #ÔAs€Congress€stated€in€the€Prevention€of€Significant€Deterioration€(PSD)€portion€of€theÐ ( Ä ÐClean€Air€Act€(CAA€or€Act),€the€general€purpose€of€the€NSR€programs€is€to€protect€public€healthÏand€welfare€(including€air€quality)€while€ð ðinsur[ing]€that€economic€growth€will€occur€in€a€mannerÏconsistent€with€the€preservation€of€existing€clean€air€resources.ðð€€42€U.S.C.€ðð€7470.€€One€methodÏrelied€on€to€achieve€this€purpose€is€to€require€the€use€of€ever„improving€control€technology€asÏnew€sources€of€air€pollution€are€built.€€The€NSR€programs€also€are€a€means€to€phaseout€theÏgrandfathering€of€existing€sources€created€in€the€1977€Act.€€As€the€D.C.€Circuit€stated€in€òòAlabamaÐ °L  ÐPower€v.€Costleóó,€ð ð[t]he€statutory€scheme€intends€to€ððgrandfatherðð€existing€industries;€but€theÐ œ8  Ðprovisions€concerning€modifications€indicate€that€this€is€not€to€constitute€a€perpetual€immunityÏfrom€all€standards€under€the€PSD€program.ðð€636€F.2d€323,€400€(D.C.€Cir.€1979).€€Thus,€the€NSRÏprograms€are€instrumental€in€implementing€the€Act€and€in€attaining€the€goal€of€clean€airÏthroughout€the€United€States.€€ÌÌà  àIn€order€to€effectuate€the€purpose€of€the€NSR€programs,€EPA€generally€should,€at€aÏminimum,€require€the€installation€and€operation€of€control€technology€or€process€changes€thatÏresult€in€emission€reductions€equivalent€to€the€best€available€control€technology€(BACT)€in€PSDÏcases€and€the€lowest€achievable€emission€rate€(LAER)€in€nonattainment€cases€when€resolvingÏNSR€enforcement€actions.׃,×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€When€the€case€involves€a€source€that€failed€to€obtain€any€type€ofÐ Ôp Ðpermit€or€limit€at€the€time€of€construction,€the€source€should€not€be€allowed€to€avoid€theÏinstallation€and€operation€of€pollution€control€equipment€or€process€changes€by€obtaining€aÏð ðsyntheticðð€minor€limit€(usually€a€permit)€after€the€fact€unless€compelling€circumstances€exist€(seeÏbelow).׃ ¤ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð „  Їà  àSimilarly,€if€a€case€involves€a€source€that€obtained€a€timely€synthetic€minor€limit,€but€whichÏregularly€violates€that€limit,€this€document€provides€guidance€regarding€when€it€is€appropriate€toÏallow€the€source€to€merely€come€into€compliance€with€the€limit€and€when€it€is€appropriate€toÏrequire€that€the€source€achieve€emissions€reduction€equivalent€to€those€achieved€byÏBACT/LAER„equivalent€air€pollution€control€equipment€or€process€changes.Ô‡X XXX ÔÐ  ° ÐÌò òòòÔ& ° ÔFailure€to€Obtain€a€Permit€Prior€to€Constructionóóó óÐ ì ˆ ÐÌà  àThere€are€two€scenarios€addressed€in€this€portion€of€the€guidance;€both€involve€a€sourceÏwith€potential€emissions€above€the€applicable€major€source€threshold€that€failed€to€obtain€either€aÔ'°TÔÔÏmajor€NSR€permit€or€synthetic€minor€limits€prior€to€construction€of€a€new€major€source€or€majorÏmodification.Ô#†X XXX ™#Ô׃2h×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô‡X XXX Ô€€Under€the€first€scenario,€the€sourceððs€actual€emissions€exceeded€the€major€sourceÐ ˆ$  Ðthreshold.€Under€the€second,€Ô#†X XXX ë#Ôthe€sourceððs€actual€emissions€never€exceeded€the€major€sourceÐ t  Ðthreshold.€€This€guidance€only€reflects€the€position€that€EPA€may€adopt€in€settling€the€matter€and,Ïlike€the€Stationary€Source€Civil€Penalty€Policy,€considers€many€factors€when€resolving€anÏenforcement€action.€€Importantly,€under€both€scenarios,€the€source€has€violated€the€NSRÏrequirements€and€could€be€compelled€to€comply€fully€with€the€statutory€NSR€permitting€process.€ÏAs€discussed€above,€NSR€is€a€key€component€to€ensuring€that€economic€growth€and€expansionÏoccur€in€a€way€that€minimizes€any€adverse€impact€on€air€quality.€€Thus,€NSR€violations€oftenÏresult€in€hundred€of€tons€of€excess€emissions.€€Moreover,€sources€that€violate€major€NSRÏrequirements€often€gain€a€competitive€advantage€due€to€their€ability€to€(1)€avoid€the€time€involvedÏwith€the€permitting€process€and€(2)€invest€money€that€should€have€been€allocated€to€emissionÏreduction€efforts€to€other€activities.€€These€reasons,€as€well€as€others,€necessitate€strictÏenforcement€of€NSR€requirements.€ÌÌà  àWhen€a€violation€involves€the€first€scenario€(the€sourceððs€actual€emissions€exceeded€theÏmajor€source€threshold)€the€source€should€be€required€to€comply€fully€with€all€applicable€Ô‡X XXX ÔNSRÐ \ø Ðrequirements,€including€major€NSR€permitting,€control€technology,€air€quality€impact€analysis€andÏoffsets.€As€part€of€an€EPA€settlement,€the€Consent€Decree€should€require€a€minimum€level€ofÏcontrol€which€the€Agency€believes€ensures€BACT/LAER„equivalent€emission€reductions.Ô#†X XXX “#Ô׃à×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô‡X XXX Ô€€Ô#†X XXX Q#ÔTheÐ  !¼ ÐConsent€Decree€should€be€crafted€to€allow€the€source€the€option€of€installing€and€operating€moreÏeffective€control€equipment€if€the€Ô‡X XXX Ôpermitting€agency€requires€a€different€(e.g.,€more€stringent)Ð Pì Ðcontrol€technology,€but€it€should€not€allow€the€source€to€obtain€a€permit€with€controls€that€areÏless€stringent€than€required€by€the€Consent€Decree.ÌÌà  àIf€a€violation€involves€a€source€with€actual€emissions€that€never€exceeded€the€major€sourceÏthreshold,€Ô#†X XXX 1#Ôthe€source€should€be€required€to€achieve€BACT/€LAER„equivalent€emission€reductions.€Ð ì ˆ ÐIf€the€sourceððs€potential€emissions€are€below€the€applicable€major€source€thresholds€afterÏapplication€of€BACT/LAER„equivalent€controls€or€process€changes,€Regions€have€discretion€toÏdetermine€based€on€facts€of€the€specific€case€whether€to€require€full€NSR€compliance,€or€whetherÏto€allow€the€source€to€obtain€a€synthetic€minor€permit€after€it€achieves€BACT/LAER„equivalentÏemission€reductions.Ô‡X XXX ÔÐ ˆ$  ÐÌà  àÔ#†X XXX Ä"#ÔMoreover,€based€on€the€Agencyððs€experience€with€enforcing€the€NSR€requirements€for€theÐ `ü  Ðpast€20€years,€ORE€has€determined€that€it€is€no€longer€appropriate€merely€to€allow€a€source€toÏð ðcorrectðð€an€NSR€violation€by€dismantling€an€illegal€modification,€unless€emissions€from€the€newÏor€modified€unit€would€essentially€become€zero€(e.g.,€the€entire€process€line€was€shutdown).€ÏThus,€a€source€generally€should€not€be€able€merely€to€return€to€pre„violation€conditions€in€orderÏto€avoid€installation€of€control€equipment€or€implementation€of€process€changes.€€For€example,€aÏsource€that€illegally€began€burning€tires€in€a€boiler€could€not€avoid€NSR€review€(under€scenarioÏ1),€or€installation€and€operation€of€BACT/LAER„equivalent€control€equipment€or€processÏchanges€(under€scenario€2),€merely€by€agreeing€to€reducing€the€number€of€tires€burned€or€byÏpartial€SOòò2óó€controls.€€If€the€source€had€properly€permitted€the€boiler€at€the€time€it€began€burningÐ ¬H Ðtires,€it€would€most€likely€have€been€required€to€install€and€operate€pollution€control€equipmentÏthat€would€still€be€operational€and€control€emissions€òòafteróó€the€source€stopped€burning€tiresÐ „  Ðbecause€the€boiler€would€still€be€operating€after€the€ð ðmodificationðð€was€undone€(e.g.,€there€wouldÏbe€emissions€from€whatever€fuel€was€burned€in€lieu€of€tires).€€Thus,€ceasing€the€burning€of€tiresÏwould€not€necessarily€bring€the€source€to€the€same€level€of€emissions€that€could€be€achieved€withÏadditional€control€equipment.Ô‡X XXX ÔÐ 4 Ð ÐÌà  àNonetheless,€as€stated€above,€the€appropriate€injunctive€relief€articulated€for€bothÏscenarios€is€subject€to€consideration€of€compelling€circumstances.€€Because€it€is€a€very€case„¼specific,€fact„intensive€determination,€it€is€not€possible€to€define€all€potential€compellingÏcircumstances.€€For€instance,€a€sourceððs€actual€emissions€may€be€so€low€that€imposition€of€add„onÏcontrol€equipment€would€constitute€economic€waste€(e.g.,€in€the€above€example,€total€SOòò2óó€andÐ ¼%X" ÐPM/PMòò10óó€emissions€after€the€source€stopped€burning€tires€were€too€low€to€control€in€a€cost„Ð d Ðeffective€manner).€€Ô#†X XXX 2)#ÔOr€perhaps€the€source€is€replacing€the€violating€units€with€cleaner,€energy„Ð Pì Ðefficient€new€units€that€emit€air€pollution€at€levels€near€those€that€would€be€achieved€by€the€olderÏunits€with€BACT/LAER„equivalent€controls€or€process€changes.€€Other€compelling€circumstancesÏmay€involve€significant,€case„specific€litigation€risks€related€to€whether€a€violation€of€major€sourceÏrequirements€actually€occurred€or€whether€the€injunctive€relief€set€forth€in€this€memorandum€isÏappropriate€in€a€particular€case€(e.g.,€permit€shield€or€equity€concerns;€duration€of€violation€isÏextremely€short).€€Ô‡X XXX ÔImportantly,€because€Headquarters€must€concur€on€most€Consent€DecreesÐ Ø t Ðinvolving€major€NSR€violations,€Regions€are€encouraged€to€coordinate€with€Headquarters€earlyÏregarding€consideration€of€compelling€circumstances€and€prior€to€initiating€settlement€discussionsÏwith€a€defendant.€€Ô#†X XXX n.#ÔAfter€this€guidance€has€been€implemented€for€some€time,€ORE€will€considerÐ œ8  Ðsupplementing€it€with€any€trends€regarding€what€constitutes€a€compelling€circumstance€that€mayÏdevelop.€€Ô‡X XXX ÔÐ t  ÐÔ#†X XXX ¤0#ÔÌòòò òÔ& œ ÔFailure€to€Comply€with€an€Existing€Synthetic€Minor€Limitóóó óÐ Lè  ÐÌà  àGenerally,€when€a€source€with€limits€that€restrict€its€potential€emissions€below€majorÏsource€threshold€levels€violates€those€limits,€EPA€can€enforce€the€limits€and/or€the€major€sourceÏNSR€requirements.€€This€guidance€is€not€meant€to€restrict€the€Ô'œL1ÔRegionsðð€ability€to€enforce€theÏterms€of€an€existing€synthetic€minor€limit€or€permit.€€However,€pursuant€to€the€courtððs€reasoningÏin€òòUnited€States€€v.€Louisiana„Pacificóó,€682€F.€Supp.€1142,€1161„62€(D.€Colo.€1988),€when€aÐ Ôp Ðsource€ð ðknowingly€and€regularlyðð€violates€a€synthetic€minor€limit,€EPAððs€position€is€that€it€needÏnot€consider€the€limit€when€calculating€the€sourceððs€potential€to€emit€and€determining€its€majorÏsource€status.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€€Ð ˜4 ÐÌà  àEPA€should€take€the€position€that€a€sourceððs€synthetic€minor€limit€does€not€effectivelyÏlimit€the€sourceððs€potential€emissions€when€evidence€indicates€that€the€source€has€knowingly€orÏregularly€violated€(or€currently€regularly€violates)€the€limit.€€Thus,€the€source€cannot€simply€claimÏthat€it€has€a€limit€that€restricts€its€potential€emissions;€obviously€this€is€not€the€case€if€the€sourceððsÏactual€emissions€have€exceeded€that€ð ðlimit.ðð€€A€source€should€not€be€able€to€hold€a€limit€up€as€a€Ð   !¼ Ðshield€to€major€source€status€when€it€repeatedly€violates€the€limit.€€As€the€court€in€òòLouisiana„Ð d ÐPacificóó€stated,€Ð Pì ÐÌà8  àto€hold€that€permit€limitations€which€are€repeatedly€violated€should€nonetheless€beÏconsidered€in€determining€potential€to€emit€would€give€better€treatment€to€sourcesÏwhich€knowingly€violate€such€conditions€than€the€treatment€currently€affordedÏsources€which€comply€with€the€law.€òòÐì ˆÐ Ð  ÐÌIdóó.€at€1161.€Allowing€sources€to€merely€come€into€compliance€with€the€synthetic€minor€limitsÐ Ä ` Ðwould€encourage€sources€to€make€modifications€without€preconstruction€review€and€even€exceedÏexisting€permits€until€they€were€caught,€rather€than€go€through€NSR€review€prior€to€makingÏmodifications.€€Treating€the€source€as€a€major€source€or€major€modification€should€be€EPAððsÏposition€even€when€the€sourceððs€òòactualóó€emissions€do€not€exceed€major€source€thresholds€orÐ t  Ðsignificance€levels.€€To€allow€a€source€to€violate€a€limit€that€restricts€òòpotentialóóemissions€until€itsÐ `ü  Ðòòactualóóemissions€exceeded€major€source€or€significance€levels€would€collapse€potential€and€actualÐ Lè  Ðemissions€and€ignore€the€mandate€of€the€Act€to€consider€both.€€ÌÌà  àNonetheless,€there€may€be€circumstances€where€the€appropriate€response€is€enforcementÏof€the€synthetic€minor€permit.€€Such€circumstances€may€include€situations€where€the€permitÏviolations€are€(a)€relatively€infrequent,€(b)€known€to€be€minor€in€nature€and€(c)€where€theÏsynthetic€minor€limit€is€significantly€lower€than€the€relevant€applicability€threshold.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€As€with€theÐ Ôp Ðfirst€portion€of€this€guidance,€the€Regions€are€encouraged€to€coordinate€early€with€HeadquartersÏregarding€application€of€these€distinctions.ÌÔ‡X XXX ÔÌÔ#†X XXX v>#Ôòòò òConclusionà ` àÔ‡X XXX Ôóóó óÐ „  ÐÌÔ#†X XXX Õ>#Ôà  àThe€guidance€is€effective€immediately€with€respect€to€all€cases€in€which€the€first€injunctiveÐ \ø Ðrelief€offer€has€not€yet€been€transmitted€to€the€opposing€party.€€To€the€extent€earlier€guidance,Ïmemoranda€or€other€EPA€documents€imply€that€injunctive€relief€requiring€a€source€to€come€intoÏcompliance€with€existing€ð ðsyntheticðð€minor€source€limits,€or€obtain€synthetic€minor€limits,€is€anÏacceptable€resolution€of€an€enforcement€case,€it€is€superseded€by€this€guidance.€€As€stated€above,Ïmany€major€NSR€enforcement€cases€are€already€considered€ð ðnationally€significant,ðð€due€to€eitherÏissues€in€the€case€or€penalty€amounts€of€Ô_Ô$500,00ñ´ñ0ñ´ñÔ_Ô€or€more,€and€thus€require€HeadquartersÏconcurrence.€€In€addition,€to€ensure€consistent€implementation€of€this€guidance,€each€RegionÏshould€consider€the€first€three€major€NSR€cases€(civil€and€administrative),€regardless€of€the€size€ofÐ ¼%X" Ðthe€penalty,€it€begins€negotiating€after€the€date€of€this€guidance€as€ð ðnationally€significantðð€forÏdelegation€purposes€and€include€Headquarters€in€the€concurrence€chain.€Ô‡X XXX ÔÐ Pì ÐÌÔ#†X XXX C#ÔÔ‡X XXX Ô€Ô#†X XXX ÙC#ÔÔ‡X XXX Ôà  àThe€policies€set€forth€in€this€memorandum€are€intended€solely€as€guidance€to€governmentÐ ( Ä Ðpersonnel€to€be€used€to€settle€enforcement€actions.€€They€do€not€represent€final€Agency€action,Ïare€not€binding€on€any€party,€and€cannot€be€relied€upon€to€create€any€rights€enforceable€by€anyÏparty.Ô#†X XXX D#ÔÔ‡X XXX Ô€€The€EPA€reserves€the€right€to€change€this€guidance€at€any€time€without€public€notice.€Ð ì ˆ ÐÌà  àQuestions€concerning€specific€issues€and€cases€should€be€directed€to€Carol€Holmes€of€theÏAir€Enforcement€Division,,€at€202„564„8709.€€This€document€will€also€be€available€on€AEDððsÏWebpage€at€http://www.epa.gov/oeca/ore/aed.Ìà  àÌÌcc:à  àJohn€Seitz,€OAQPSÐ `ü  Ðà  àBruce€Jordan,€OAQPSÌà  àLydia€Wegman,€OAQPSÌà  àAlan€Eckert,€OGCÌà  àGreg€Foote,€OGCÌà  àÌÌAddressees:à ` àÐ Ôp ÐRegional€Counsels,€Regions€I„XÌÒH°ÒDirector,€Office€of€Environmental€Stewardship,€Region€IÌDirector,€Division€of€Enforcement€and€Compliance€Assurance,€€Region€IIÌDirector,€Division€of€Air€Quality,€Region€IIIÌÔ#†X XXX œE#ÔDirector,€Air,€Pesticides,€and€Toxics€Management€Division,€Region€IVÔ‡X XXX ÔÐ p  ÐÔ#†X XXX OI#ÔDirector,€Air€and€Radiation€Division,€Region€V€Ô‡X XXX ÔÐ \ø ÐDirector,€Compliance€Assurance€and€Enforcement€Division,€Region€VIÌDirector,€Enforcement€Coordination€Office,€Region€VIIÌAssistant€Regional€Administrator,€Office€of€Enforcement,€ComplianceÌ€€and€Environmental€Justice,€Region€VIIIÌÔ#†X XXX ÕI#ÔAssistant€Regional€Administrator,€Office€of€Pollution€Prevention,Ð ø"” Ѐ€State,€and€Tribal€Assistance,€Region€VIIIÌÔ‡X XXX ÔEnforcement€Coordinator,€Office€of€Regional€Enforcement€Ð Ð$l! Ѐ€Coordination,€Region€IXÔ#†X XXX ”K#ÔÐ ¼%X" ÐDirector,€Office€of€Air€Quality,€Region€X€ÌJoel€Gross,€Chief,€Environmental€Enforcement€Section,€DOJÌ