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AT(http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/(http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/FLpotatoes.html.http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/osd/index.htmlhttp://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.`hTABLE ADTABLE AITABLE AJTABLE AQhttp://soils.usda.gov/(http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/(http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/osd/index.htmlhttp://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.page page chapter volume footnote endnote (21$X XXX0   X XXXhttp://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/FLpotatoes.html.ddhttp://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/TABLE AVdhttp://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/2>A0Level 1 X 2( ` hp x 2  5+ ` hp x 5        (359=AEIMQ2 http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/&c !!d !d[ [dLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5b&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK( $ Figure  1   " '  0 .   *+ (_3423  ..*G+G (_33   /%` ` hp x /23  ../%` ` hp x /   *8+8 (_32  ," hp x ,23  ..," hp x ,  *5+5 (_31 ` ) hp x )23  ..) hp x ) ` *2+2 (_30  &hhp x &23  ..&hhp x &  */+/ (_29  #p x #23  ..#p x #  *,+, (_28 h  p x 23  .. p x h *)+) (_27  pp x 23  ..pp x   2JD0Level 9 P ;1X` hp x ;  5+ ` hp x 5 bC<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(.3$ !USUS.,  ($$   1  !USUS.,  _ ?+ ` hp x X?XX#XXX##XXXXXX#XXX#XXX##XXXXXX##XXX#XXX##XXXXXX#XXX#XXX##XXXXXX-#XXX#XXX##XXXXXX#XXX   `     h      p #XXX##XXXXXX7#XXX#XXX##XXXXXX#XXX#XXX##XXXXXX#XXX#XXX##XXXXXX&#XXX#XXX##XXXXXX#XXX#XXX##XXXXXX0#XXX   `     h     #XXX##XXXXXX#XXX#XXXo##XXXXXX#XXXXXXXXX   `     h   #XXX##XXXXXX#XXX#XXX##XXXXXX#XXX#XXXF ##XXXXXXe #XXXXXXXXXPesticideRootZoneModelFieldandOrchardCropMetadatafor_NMC_ @ Scenarios T #XXX ##XXXXXX #XXX#XXX ##XXXXXX #XXXXXXXXX_April_Ԁ5,2006    h      p    @ #XXX ##XXXXXXh #XXX   `     h #XXX ##XXXXXX # XXXXXX#XXXXXXS #XXXXXXINTRODUCTION #XXXXXX #XXXXXX  #XXXXXX #XXXXXX#XXXXXX>#XXXXXX  Afundamentalconstructforusingdatainanynumberofelectronicenvironments, t whethertheyaredatabases,models,ortheWorldWideWeb,istohaveanunderstandingofthe ` dataorinformationthatmakeupitsessentialparts.Metadataisliterallythe"dataaboutdata. L  Metadataistheinformationusedbyavarietyofgroupstodesign,create,describe,preserve,and 8  useinformationresourcesandsystems.Thecrucial,nonpesticidespecificelementsofeach $ t PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)fieldandorchardscenarioisrecordedasameansof  ` preservinganauthoritativeandreproduciblerecordofthedesign,construct,andsourceofeach  L  elementofthescenario.  8  #XXXXXX#XXXXXX  #XXXXXX:# XXXXXX  #XXXXXX#XXXXXXIngeneral,theinformationassembledtocreateeachscenariowillhavethreebasic   features:content,context,andstructure;allofwhicharereflectedthroughmetadata.Thedata   contentrelatestowhateachscenariocontainsorisaboutandisintrinsictothefieldororchard   beingmodeled.Contentreflectstheelementbywhichthedesignerauthenticatesandcompletes   thecontentofthefieldororchardscenario.Forexample,contentisthedateofacrops p maturation,theorganiccontentofaparticularsoil,ortherateatwhichsnowmeltsinthelocation \ ofthescenario.Contextsarethoseaspectsassociatedwiththescenarioscreation,suchasthe H howorfromwherethesoilcharacteristicswereselected,wheretheweatherstationislocated,or 4 whatcroppingpracticeswerechosenandwhy.Thestructurerelatestotheassociationswithin  p andamongtheindividualparametersthatmakeupthescenario.Anexampleofthestructure  \ wouldbetherelationshipofthedepthofthetotalsoilprofiletotheindividualsoilhorizons.All H threeaspectsofmetadataareessentialcomponentsofascenarioandhavebeencapturedand 4 describedinfollowingpages.   #XXXXXX#XXXXXX#XXXXXX#XXXXXX  Inshort,inanenvironmentwhereimmediateaccesstounderlyinginformationusedto  governtheconstructofa_PRZM_Ԁfieldororchardscenario,metadata:  #XXXXXX#XXXXXX (83#XXXXXX6#          (88" "  XXXXXX {2  3      #XXXXXX#XXXXXXԀcertifiestheauthenticityanddegreeofcompletenessofthescenarioscontent; {݌ l Ќ  #XXXXXXC#" "  XXXXXX 2  3      #XXXXXXC#XXXXXXԀestablishesanddocumentsthecontextofthescenarioscontent; b݌ X  Ќ  #XXXXXX#" "  XXXXXX 2  3      #XXXXXX#XXXXXXԀidentifiesthestructuralrelationshipsthatexistbetweenandwithinaparameterofthe D!   scenario; ݌ 0"  Ќ  #XXXXXXj#" "  XXXXXX m 2  3      #XXXXXX #XXXXXXԀprovidesanaccesspointforadiverserangeofusersofthescenario;and m ݌ #l! Ќ  #XXXXXX5!#" "  XXXXXX !2  3      #XXXXXX,"#XXXXXXԀassembleselectronicallytheinformationthedevelopermighthaveordinarilyprovided $X" in  aphysicalreference. !K"݌ $D # Ќ  #XXXXXX"#XXXXXX#XXXXXX##XXXXXX  Thefollowingdescriptionsofeach_PRZM_Ԁfieldandorchardscenariousedinthe &"% assessmentofdrinkingwaterexposuresderivedfromsurfacewatersourcesreflectthebasic '#& principlesofestablishingadministrativeanddescriptive metadata.However,itremains (#' vitallyimportanttounderstandthatmetadataisthe dataaboutthedataandactingasumbrellas )$( tothisinformationaretheestablishedAgencyproceduresforensuringthequalityofthat |*%) information.ThisisaccomplishedthroughthebasictenantsofQualityAssuranceandQuality h+&* Controlintheselectionofparametersthatconstitutesthefieldandorchardscenario. T,'+  @-(, Ї  Meteorologicalstationsforindividualscenarioshavebeenselectedbasedonproximityto  thearearepresentedbyeachscenario.Alistofavailableweatherstationscontainingtherequired  datafor_PRZM_Ԁcanbefoundathttp://www.epa.gov/ceampubl/tools/metdata/index.htm).Ifa t moregeographicallydistantstationwaschosentorepresentascenario,thechoiceofthemore ` distantstationisdocumentedinthemetadataforeachfile. L    Usersshouldnotethattodate,_EFED_Ԁhasnotincorporatedirrigationintothesescenarios. $ t _EFED_Ԁiscurrentlyevaluatingastandardizedapproachfordeterminingwhenascenarioshould  ` includeirrigationandthiswillbereflectedinfuturerevisionstothesescenarios.  L     `      Thereareanumberofinputparameterswhicharegenerallynotdocumentedinthis $  metadatafile.Manyoftheserepresentparameterflagswhicharedefaultvaluesanddonot   changefromscenariotoscenario.Othersarecapturedinthescenariofileandhavenotbeen   transferredtothemetadatafile.Finally,thereareothers(suchasparametersforfurrow   irrigation)whicharenotcurrentlyused.Alistingoftheparameterswhicharegenerallynot   capturedinthismetadatafilearelistedbelowintable1.Futureupdatestothemetadatawill p includetheseparameterswhenapplicable. \ *\ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  @+44 **@&KH%XXXTable1.Inputparametersnottypicallyrecordedinmetadata.#XXX%&KH/#Ԁ \G/^ **   **\XXXRecord# A,! AVariableName A,! AVariableFullName _U, **    ?1**?_#XXXǡ0#XXX1 3)'  ?1 ? 3TITLE   TitleofInputFile # ** **#2   _HTITLE_   FileDescription # ** **#3  4 _DSN_Ԁ(x5)  4 _DSN_Ԁ(x5) #4  ** **#3  L! _IPEIND_  L" Flag-PanFactor #L# ** **#9  d$ _GDUSLEC_  d% Dayofmonthtostart_USLEC_ԀandManning'sNfactor #d& ** **#9  ,|' _GMUSLEC_  ,|( Monthtostart_USLEC_ԀandManning'sNfactor B8,|) **  "@9**"@B9 3)'D*  "@9 "@ 3_HTMAX_  D+ MaxCanopyHt #D, ** **#9  \ - _ICNCN_  \ . _ICNCN_-CropNumber #\ / ** **#9  t!0 _NUSLEC_  t!1 Numberof_USLEC_Ԁfactors(upto32) C9t!2 **  &@11**&@C11 4*("3  &@11 &@ 4_IYREM_  "4 Integeryearofcropemergence C9"5 **  &@11**&@C11 4*(#6  &@11 &@ 4_IYRMAT_  #7 Integeryearofcropmaturation  C9#8 **  &@11**&@C11 4*($ 9  &@11 &@ 4_IYRHAR_  $ : Integeryearofcropharvest #$ ; ** **#20  %$!< _BDFLAG_  %$!= Flag-BulkDensity |   #%$!> ** **#20  &<"? _BIOFLG_  &<"@ Flag-_Biodegradation_ #&<"A ** **#20  (T#B _HSWZT_  (T#C Flag-Drainage #(T#D ** **#20  )l$E _IDFLAG_  )l$F Flag-_ThermalCond_/_HeatCapacity_ #)l$G ** **#20  4*%H _ITFLAG_  4*%I Flag-SoilTemp_Sim_ #4*%J ** **#20  L+&K _KDFLAG_  L+&L Flag-SoilAdsorption_Coeff_ #L+&M ** **#20  d,'N _MOC_  d,'O Flag-MethodofCharacteristics #d,'P ** **#20  |-(Q _THFLAG_  |-(R Flag-FCandWP #|-(S ** **#28  0* BT  0* BottomWidthofFurrow #0* ** **#28  HB EN  HB Manning'sNforFurrow #HB ** **#28  ` Z Q0  ` Z FlowRateofWaterEnteringFurrow #` Z  ** **#28  x r  SF  x r  SlopeofFurrow #x r  ** **#28     X2    LengthofFurrow #  ** **#28    _XFRAC_    LocationoftheFurrow #  ** **#28    _ZRS_    SideSlopeofFurrows #  ** **#29   HF   InfiltrationSuctionParameter # ** **#29   KS   Sat_Hyd_ԀCond # ** **#34    AD    SoilDrainage_param_ #  ** **#34     _ADL_     LateralSoilDrainage #  ! ** **#34  82 " DISP  82 # HydrodynamicSoluteDisp_Coeff_ #82 $ ** **#40  PJ % _CFLAG_  PJ & Flag-Conversion C9PJ ' **  D@40**D@C40 4*(hb(  D@40 D@ 4ILP  hb) Flag-Initial_Pest.Level_hb* ** # #XXX1#XXX#$# (88          #ǛF##XXXYF#  -   TableofContentsXXX  G'   ]XXX  ]H0     FLORIDAPOTATO#""J(#. (#(##4 "!O  5  66H!OH9  7 (#I]HjH݌ N ЌXXX  ]XXX  ]I0     ILLINOISALFALFA#`"`"I(#. (#(##4 `"!O  5  116J!OJ9  7 (#J]I/J݌ : ЌXXX  ]XXX  ]K0     ILLINOISBEANS#`"`"I(#.  (#(##4 `"!O  5  166^L!OrL9  7 (#L]KK݌ & ЌXXX  ]XXX  ]pM0     PENNSYLVANIAVEGETABLE(Potatoes&Pumpkins)#`"`"I(#.7(#(##4  `"!O  5  216CN!OWN9  7 (#N]pMM݌    ЌXXX  ]XXX  ]UO0     SOUTHTEXASCORN#`"`"I(#. (#(##4  `"!O  5  266 P!OP9  7 (#MP]UOO݌    ЌXXX  ]XXX  ]Q0     SOUTHTEXASCOTTON#`"`"I(#. (#(##4  `"!O  5  316Q!OQ9  7 (#R]QjQ݌    ЌXXX  ]XXX  ]R0     SOUTHTEXASGRAPEFRUIT#`"`"I(#. (#(##4  `"!O  5  366S!OS9  7 (#S]R4S݌   ЌXXX  ]XXX  ]T0     SOUTHTEXASMELON#`"`"I(#.b b (#(##4  `"!O  5  416lU!OU9  7 (#U]TU݌ r  ЌXXX  ]XXX  ]~V0     SOUTHTEXASVEGETABLE#`"`"I(#.LL(#(##4 `"!O  5  4669W!OMW9  7 (#{W]~VV݌ ^  ЌXXX  ]XXX  ]KX0     WASHINGTONBEANS#`"`"I(#. (#(##4`"!O  5  516Y!OY  7(#CY]KXX݌ J  ЌXXX  ]XXX  ]Z0     WASHINGTONONIONS#`"`"I(#. (#(##4`"!O  5  566Z!OZ  7(# []Z`Z݌ 6  ЌXXX  ]XXX  ][0     WASHINGTONORCHARD#`"`"I(#.xx(#(##4`"!O  5  616\!O\  7(#\][)\݌ "r  ЌXXX  ]XXX  ]]0     WASHINGTONPOTATO#`"`"I(#. (#(##4`"!O  5  666]^!Oq^  7(#^]]]݌ ^  ЌXXX  H    %   XXXFLORIDAPOTATO#XXX_# _   XXXThefieldusedtorepresentpotatoproductioninFloridaislocatedinSt.JohnsCounty  innortheastFloridawithinMLRA155.Themeteorologicalfile,Jacksonville,Florida,represents  theMLRAregion153A. Floridaproduces36%oftheU.S.commerciallygrownsupplyand  thevalueofpotatoesisthe4thhighestintheUnitedStates.TheNortheastregionofFloridahas t  thehighestpotatocropproduction.St.Johnscountyproduces47%oftheharvestedpotatoesin `  Florida.ThepotatoesareplantedbetweenOctoberandFebruary.Seedsareplantedatadepthof L  34inchesinrows3642inchesapartwith612inchesbetweenplants(NSF1999).Thesoil 8  selectedtosimulatethefieldisthebenchmarksoil,Placidsand.ThePlacidseriesissandy, $ t  siliceous,hyperthermicTypicHumaquepts.ThePlacidsandsarecharacterizedbydeep,poorly `  drained,permeablesoilsonlowflatsandfloodplainsoftheLowerCoastalPlain.Slopes L  typicallyrangefrom0to2percent.PlacidfinesandisaHydrologicGroupDsoil(USDA2004). 8  Ѐ#XXX0`# $  *d$ddd dd dd \(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  8%   {8 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforSt.JohnsCounty,FloridaPotato ,|   Y\J/B  {  qY]gParameter >\\/!>\ >Value B\\/!>"\\ BSource M\>,>" q \\ qMStartingDate O\\@\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QC  @@22281 @@\\ diMeteorologicalFileJacksonville,FL(W13889) M\>, q \\ qMEndingDate O\\@&\ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QC&  :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFileJacksonville,FL(W13889) M\>,&" q \\ qMPanEvaporationFactor "r (_PFAC_) N\\?6\ RQ?0.76RQ?N  0.76 "r l  c\\PB6  RQ?0.76 RQ?\\ cQl  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) M\>,"r" q \\ )Ml_Snowmelt_ԀFactor 2  (_SFAC_) ,\\F!\ ,  0cmC1 2" n  B\\/!F# \\ BQn  _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) O\>,2$" ) \\ ZOnMinimumDepthof [% Evaporation(_ANETD_) .\\o&\ .  25cm [' o  B\\/!o( \\ Bp  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) [) wp<20o* Z  \\ <   3* *\ddSd Std  td (#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ88 + Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforStJohnsCounty,FloridaPotato 8Q)QQQ 8Parameter 9/!F"Q 9Value BQ/!F" BSource >Q/!F"Q >MethodtoCalculate N  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) 9/! bQ 94(MUSS) BQ/!N  " B_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) >Q/!N  "Q >_USLE_ԀKFactor j   (_USLEK_) 9/!. ~ Q 90.1tons_EI_1* BQ/!j  " B    Takenfrom_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart j  (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/),St.JohnsCounty,Florida: . ~ Placidfinesand 5Q&! B"Q 5\v_USLE_ԀLSFactor J  (_USLELS_) RH^ Q ?0.20?R0.20 cQPBJ " ?0.20 ? c    Calculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS J  =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope ^  length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m "  (defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA2004). 5Q&! "Q 5x_USLE_ԀPFactor >  (_USLEP_) OEQ  ?1?O1 `QM?> "  ?1 ? `    From_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) 5Q&!> "Q 5{FieldArea  Z (AFIELD) 0&Q 0172ha BQ/! Z" BAreaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). 5Q&! Z"Q 5_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ &v  (_IREG_) OE:!Q  @3@O3 `QM?&v""  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!&v#"Q 5Slope(SLP) 0&B$Q 01% BQ/!B%" BMidpointofrange(02%)(USDA2004)(EPA2004). 5Q&!B&"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&'Q 0600m BQ/!(" B_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!)"Q 5IrrigationFlag B* (_IRFLAG_) D:+Q # D0 UQB4B," #  UFrom_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) =QQQ*!B-"Q =*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!^. QQQ +   / *\d ddd dd dd \(#(#,4dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQtt + Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforStJohnsCounty,FloridaPotato 8Q)(QQQ 8Parameter 9/!2"Q 9Value BQ/!2" BSource >Q/!2"Q >InitialCrop(_INICRP_) XN!Q  ?1?X1 `QM?"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(.EPA2004) 5Q&!"Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) OE  Q  ?1?O1 `QM? 2 "  ?1 ? `TakenfromIDpotatoscenario 5Q&! 2 "Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? N"  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerallyone 5Q&! N"Q 5NumberofCropping j  Periods .  (_NCPDS_) PF Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@j "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata.MeteorologicalFile j  Jacksonville,FL(W13889) 5Q&!. "Q 5Maximumrainfall J  interceptionstorageofcrop   (_CINTCP_) 0& Q 00.1cm BQ/!J " BTable5.4_PRZM_ԀManual, J  consistentwithotherpotatoscenarios. 5Q&! "Q 5MaximumActiveRoot * Depth(_AMXDR_) 0&Q 030cm BQ/!*" BMedianvalue(1545cm)(Table59.EPA1998). *  Valuemaybeinconsistentwithdifferentpotato ! scenariosduetodifferentsources. 5Q&!b""Q 5MaximumCanopy  # Coverage(_COVMAX_) PF~$Q  D@40D@P40 aQN@ %"  D@40 D@ aConsistentwithIDandMEpotatoscenarios. 5Q&! &"Q 5SoilSurfaceCondition &' AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) OE(Q  @3@O3 `QM?&)"  @3 @ `FromIDpotatoscenario 5Q&!&*"Q 5DateofCropEmergence B+ (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) SI,Q @@22281@@S01/01/61 dQQCB-" @@22281 @@ d    Valuesettoapproximateplantingcycle.Potatoes B. areplantedatthebeginningoftheyearinFlorida. / UniversityofFlorida,FloridaCropExtension z0 Service,InstituteofFoodandAgricultureSciences >1 (_UF_/_IFAS_)website: R2 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_CV280 5Q&!3"Q 5DateofCropMaturity  n4 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) SI 25Q @22284@S01/04/61 dQQC n6" @22284 @ dValuesettoapproximateplantingcycle.Potato  n7 plantsmatureapproximately110daysafterseeding  28 inFlorida.UniversityofFlorida,FloridaCrop !9 ExtensionService,InstituteofFoodandAgriculture j": Sciences(_UF_/_IFAS_)website: .#~; http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_CV280 5Q&!#B<"Q 5DateofCropHarvest J% = (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_) SI&^!>Q  @38721 @S01/05/6 dQQCJ% ?"  @38721  @ d    Valuesettoapproximateplantingcycle. J% @ UniversityofFlorida,FloridaCropExtension &^!A Service,InstituteofFoodandAgricultureSciences &""B (_UF_/_IFAS_)website: '"C http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_CV280) 5Q&!Z(#D"Q 5MaximumDryWeight )%E (_WFMAX_) D:v*%FQ # D0.0 UQB4)%G" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&!)%H"Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&+'IQ 091,89,90 BQ/!+'J" BGleamsManualTableH4,Pasture/Range,Non +'K CNT,Poor(USDA,1990) 5Q&!,'L"Q 5ManningsNValue d  (_MNGN_) RH(Q y&1?.014y&1?R.014 cQPBd" y&1?.014 y&1? c_RUSLE_ԀProject(TakenfromTampa,Florida d _RUSLE_ԀFactorsfortobaccocrop) 7Q&!("Q 7_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_) 7&0Q 7  .548.576.607 0 Ѐ.640.672.701 D .761.780.768   .753.665.450 |   .241.172.182 @   .237  T  .314.333.400    .451.480.432   .461.490.520 BQ/!P  BC_RUSLE_ԀProject(TakenfromTampa,Florida 0 _RUSLE_ԀFactorsfortobaccocrop)1'%D"  Q 1*\dd4dd 4dd dd \(#(#,Sdd ,N dd , dd +  (X X  ( Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12PlacidFineSandParametersforStJohnsCounty,FloridaPotato 5&l  5Parameter 6,! " 6Value 0 " 0VerificationSource 2#! " 2TotalSoilDepth n  (CORED) $2 $@33#*203cm " n  "  _NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart n  (4h!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6!O   7-";) 2    e :+)pp :NumberofHorizons : (_NHORIZ_) C9N  @3@C  3 @60:   @3 @ @Ԧ  & HorizonThickness V  (_THKNS_) -#j! -10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) V" 20cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) j# 173cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) +.$ +  _NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart V% (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/ j&  :+).'ppL :BulkDensity(BD) -#6( -1.3gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) 6) 1.3gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) J* 1.45gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) ++ + ,"+ ,InitialWaterContent f, (_THETO_) -#*- -0.18cm3H20cm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) 0f. 0FieldCapacityvalues,_PRZM_ f/ ScenarioGuidance(EPA2004) 2#!*0" 2CompartmentThickness 21 (_DPN_) -#F2 -0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) 23 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) o    F4 1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) 0 5 0_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart 26 (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/ 2#!F7" 2FieldCapacity(_THEFC_) -#!b8 -0.18cm3H20cm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) 0!b9 0GLEAMSTableH3(USDA1990) !b: (FineSand) 2#!!&;" 2WiltingPoint(_THEWP_) -#.#~< -0.03cm3H20cm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) 0.#~= 0GLEAMSTableH3(USDA1990) .#~> (FineSand) 4#!#B?" 4OrganicCarbonContent J% @ (OC) 4#&^!A 43%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) J% B 3%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) &^!C 0.25%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) &""D  ?,!Z(#F ?_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart J% G (4K Q!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);6D!OX   7_" &^!H Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC &""I =0.6x%OrganicMatter(_Doucette_ '"J 2000)1'%Z(#K"  1XXXEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. *b%L _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated *N&M SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof +:'N ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. ,&(O  -)P EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions  July2004.  _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. ` OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, L  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. 8  NSFCenterforIntegratedPestManagement.1999.CropProfileforPotatoProductionin  ` Florida.Informationtakenfromthewebsite:  L  4)а!O  5  http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/FLpotatoes.html.6!O+{  7DY  8  UniversityofFlorida.2004.FloridaCropExtensionService,InstituteofFoodandAgriculture   Sciences(_UF_/_IFAS_)Informationtakenfromthewebsite:4U!O  5  http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_CV280 .6!O atur  7U":    USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.   USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD. t USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. L DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural 8 ResearchService(ARS).  $t    `    USDA._NRCS_.2004.SoilDataMart.Informationtakenfromthewebsite: L 4n!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6!O   7PF  8  USDA._NRCS_.2004.SoilClassification.Informationtakenfromthewebsite:  4o !O  5  http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/.6h!O|   7       %   ILLINOISALFALFA        `     h       AlfalfaproductioninIllinoisrepresents2.2%ofthealfalfaproductionintheUnited ` States.AlfalfaisharvestedinlateMaytomidJunewithsuccessivecuttingsoccurringevery28 L  to34daysuntilSeptemberorOctober(_IPM_,2004).TheVarnasoilserieswasselectedto 8  representtheIllinoisAlfalfacropscenario.Thissoiltypeisasiltloamwiththelargestspatial $ t extentinMcLeanCounty,Illinois,theregionselectedtorepresentalfalfaproductioninIllinois.  ` TheVarnasoilisverydeep,moderatelywelldrained,slowlypermeablesoillocatedontill  L  plains.Itisafine,_illitic_,_mesic_Ԁ_Oxyaquic_Ԁ_Argiudolls_Ԁsoil.Thetypical_pedon_Ԁislocatedona  8  northwestfacingconvexslopeof3percentatanelevationof722feet.Theweatherrecordis $  obtainedfromPeoria,Illinoislocatedinthe_MLRA_Ԁregionof108(USDA2004).XXX   *56d dSdd SN dd N dd \(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  8%p p  {8 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforMcLeanCounty,IllinoisAlfalfa h    Y\J/.  {  qYParameter >\\/!*z\ >Value B\\/!*z"\\ BSource M\>,*z" q \\ qMStartingDate O\\@v\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QCv  @@22281 @@\\ d  MeteorologicalFilePeoria,IL(W14842) M\>,v" q \\ qM#EndingDate O\\@\ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QC  :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFilePeoria,IL(W14842)#XXX#XXX M\>," q \\ qMPanEvaporationFactor ^ (_PFAC_) N\\?"\ p= ף?0.77p= ף?N  0.77 ^   c\\PB"  p= ף?0.77 p= ף?\\ c!  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) M\>,^" q \\ qM_Snowmelt_ԀFactor n (_SFAC_) ,\\2 \ ,  0.36cmC1 n!   B\\/!2" \\ B$  _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\\9,n#" q \\ JMinimumDepthof .~$ Evaporation(_ANETD_) .\\\B%\\ .  17.5cm .~&   B\\\/!B' \\\ B  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) .~( H7-+B)  \\\ 7  ) *7\8ddSd Std  td 56(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQtt + Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforMcLeanCounty,IllinoisAlfalfa 8Q)(QQQ 8Parameter 9/!2"Q 9Value BQ/!2" BSource >Q/!2"Q >MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) 9/!N Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!" B_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) >Q/! "Q >_USLE_ԀKFactor    (_USLEK_) 9/!j  Q 90.28tons_EI_1* BQ/!  " B    Takenfrom_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart    (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/),McLeanCounty,Illinois: j  VarnaSiltLoam 5Q&!. ~"Q 5_USLE_ԀLSFactor   (_USLELS_) RHJ Q  ףp= @3.63 ףp= @R3.63 cQPB "  ףp= @3.63  ףp= @ c    Calculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS   =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope J  length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m ^  (defaultvalue)andm=0.5(EPA2004).#XXX#XXX 5Q&!" "Q 5Q_USLE_ԀPFactor *z  (_USLEP_) OE> Q  ?1?O1 `QM?*z "  ?1 ? `    _PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(Rev.,July2004) 5Q&!*z "Q 5FieldArea F (AFIELD) 0& ZQ 0172ha BQ/!F" BAreaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004).#XXXO#XXX 5Q&!F"Q 5_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ b (_IREG_) OE&v Q  @3@O3 `QM?b!"  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!b""Q 5Slope(SLP) PF~#Q  (@12(@P12 aQN@~$"  (@12 (@ aRange:118%(USDA2004).Maximumoftherangeis>12,the ~% SLPforafieldcropshouldbesetto12%(EPA2004). 5Q&!B&"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&'Q 0600m BQ/!(" B_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!)"Q 5IrrigationFlag B* (_IRFLAG_) D:+Q # D0 UQB4B," #  U_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) =QQQ*!B-"Q =*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!^. QQQ +Ѐ R.    / *9\:d ddd dd dd 7\8(#(#,A dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQtt + Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforMcLeanCounty,IllinoisAlfalfa 8Q)(QQQ 8Parameter 9/!2"Q 9Value BQ/!2" BSource >Q/!2"Q >InitialCrop(_INICRP_) XN!Q  ?1?X1 `QM?"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(.EPA2004) 5Q&!"Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) OE  Q  ?1?O1 `QM? 2 "  ?1 ? `_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(EPA,2004) 5Q&! 2 "Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? N"  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerallyone 5Q&! N"Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods j  (_NCPDS_) PF. Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@j "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata.MeteorologicalFile j  ЀMoline,IL(W14923) 5Q&!. "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterception 6  storageofcrop(_CINTCP_) 0&J Q 00.25cm BQ/!6 " BMaximumrecommendedvalueforgrass(_Carsel_ 6  1998);_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.4 5Q&!J "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth R  (_AMXDR_) 0&fQ 0152cm BQ/!R " BSettomaximumsoildepth.Rootsmaygrowto20 R  feet(USDA2000a).Parametervaluemaybe f inconsistentwithdifferentalfalfascenariosdueto *  differentsources.#XXXǂ#XXX 5Q&!!"Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage F" (_COVMAX_) 0& #Q 0100% BQ/!F$" BTakenfromMinnesotaAlfalfascenario 5Q&!F%"Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfter b& Harvest(_ICNAH_) OE&'Q  @3@O3 `QM?b("  @3 @ `TakenfromMinnesotaAlfalfascenario 5Q&!b)"Q 5DateofCropEmergence .~* (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) SIB+Q @22286@S1/6/61 dQQC.~," @22286 @ dTakenfromMinnesotaAlfalfascenario 5Q&!.~-"Q 5DateofCropMaturity J. (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) 0&^/Q 025/8/61 BQ/!J0" BTakenfromMinnesotaAlfalfascenario 5Q&!J1"Q 5DateofCropHarvest(HAD,HAM, f2 _IYRHAR_) 0&*z3Q 030/8/61 BQ/!f4" BTakenfromMinnesotaAlfalfascenario 5Q&!f5"Q 5MaximumDryWeight(_WFMAX_) D: 6Q # D0.0 UQB4 7" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&! 8"Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&!*9Q 082,85,87 BQ/!!*:" BGleamsManualTableH4,Closeseededlegumesor !*; rotationmeadow,straightrow,poor(USDA,1990) 5Q&!"<"Q 5ManningsNValue(_MNGN_) 0&#F=Q 0  .110. BQ/!#F> B_RUSLE_ԀProject,FileCode:MA5HLHLC #F? (Carbondale,IL,Haylegume) @ 7Q&!$ @"Q 7_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_) 7&&b!AQ 7  .015.015.015 &b!B .016.016.018 &&"C .012.006.002 '"D .007.004.002 ^(#E .007 ")r$F .006.003.001 )6%G .005.003.003 *%H .005.009.013 n+&I .014.014.015 2,'J .015 BQ/!,F(K B_RUSLE_ԀProject,FileCode:MA5HLHLC &b!L (Carbondale,IL,Haylegume)1'%&&"M"  Q 1 -:)M *;\<ddA dd A dd dd 9\:(#(#,Sdd ,N dd , dd +  ( ( Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12VarnaSoilParametersforMcLeanCounty,IllinoisAlfalfa 5&d 5Parameter 6,!n" 6Value 0n" 0VerificationSource 2#!n" 2TotalSoilDepth  (CORED) $ $@33#*152cm "  "_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart  (4=!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6^!Or  7-!)      e :+)N  ppN :NumberofHorizons  2  (_NHORIZ_) $   $  5  2  (tophorizonsplitin2) "   " % ~  %   First,Second,Third,andFourthSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3,4) 5&$ N  5HorizonThickness V  (_THKNS_) $j  $10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) V  20cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) j  38cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) .  31cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4)   53cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) " f  "_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart V  (4> !O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/)6g !O{   7#!  j   :+)*z W{ :BulkDensity(BD) $  $1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)   1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2)   1.45gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) F  1.6gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4)  Z! 1.8gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) " " " ,Z " ,InitialWaterContent &v# (_THETO_) $:$ $0.32cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=15)  &v% FieldCapacityvalues,_PRZM_ &v& ScenarioGuidance(2004) ):' )CompartmentThickness B( (_DPN_) $V) $0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) B* 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) V+ 2cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) , 1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) - 1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5)  R. _PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) )B/ )FieldCapacity(_THEFC_) $0 $0.32cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=15)  1 GLEAMSTableH3(1990) 2 (Siltloam) )n3 )WiltingPoint(_THEWP_) $4 $0.12cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=15)  5 GLEAMSTableH3(1990) "  6 (Siltloam) +7 +OrganicCarbonContent  28 (OC) +!9 +1.5%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)  2: 1.5%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) !; 0.6%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) j"< 0.18%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) .#~= 0.15%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) -#B> -_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart  2? (4j !O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);66!OJ   7!x !@ Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC j"A =0.6x%OrganicMatter(_Doucette_ .#~B 2000)(#BC  (  XXXEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. % D _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated &!E SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof '"F ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. n(#G EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance F*%I #XXXXXXl#forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions 2+&J July2004. ,n'K   -Z(L Haan,C.T.andB.J.Barfield.1978.HydrologyandSedimentologyofSurfaceMinedLands.  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.  IPM.2004.CropProfileforHayinIllinois.WrittenOctober2000.Informationtakenfromthe ` website:4i |!O  5  http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/ILhay.html.6!O?  7` L  USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G.Knisel.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. $ t USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,TiftonGA.SEWRL030190FMD.  ` USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(RUSLE)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.  8  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)andAgricultural $  ResearchService(ARS).   USDA.2000.a.CropProfileforAlfalfainMinnesota.U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,NSF   CenterforIntegratedPestManagement.Informationfromthewebsite:   4g)а!O  5  http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/.60!!OD!{  7~r! p USDA.NRCS.2004.SoilClassification.Informationtakenfromthewebsite: H 4? !O  5  http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/.6s"!O"   7" 4 USDA.NRCS.2004.SoilDataMart.Informationtakenfromthewebsite:  \ 4@!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6#!O#   7P#XXX  H  %   #XXXǀ$#ILLINOISBEANS $     h      8    `     h      p     TheIllinoisBeanscenariorepresentstheenvironmentalconditionsforsnapbean,green ` pea,andlimabeanproductioninIllinois.LimabeansaretypicallyplantedinJuneorJulyaftera L peacrop.LimabeansmaybeplantedbetweenMayandJuly(IPM,2004a).Snapbeanseedlings  8 arestartedinthegreenhouseinMarchandApril,thentransplantedtothefieldinJune.Snap  $ beanspreferwelldrainedsoilsandasoilpHrangingfrom5.5to6.0.Snapbeansareplanted3/4   to1inchdeepattheendofthefrostseasonforharvestinthespring.Snapbeansmayalsobe    plantedinearlysummerforharvestinlatefallbeforethefirstfrost.Snapbeanseedlingsare    plantedinrows2incheswidewith18to36inchesbetweentherows(IPM,2004b).Greenpeas   areplantedinrows6to7inchesapart.Plantingoccursinearlyspring.Greenpeasmustbe p  harvestedpriortohot,dryweatherofmidtolatesummer(IPM,2004c).TheVarnasoilseries \  wasselectedtorepresenttheIllinoisBeanscropscenario.Thissoiltypeisasiltloamwiththe H  largestspatialextentinMcLeanCounty,Illinois,theregionselectedtorepresentbeanproduction 4  inIllinois.TheVarnasoilisverydeep,moderatelywelldrained,slowlypermeableandlocated  p ontillplains.Itisafine,illitic,mesicOxyaquicArgiudollssoil.Thetypicalpedonislocatedon  \ anorthwestfacingconvexslopeof3percentatanelevationof722feet.Theweatherrecord H fromPeoria,IllinoisislocatedintheMLRAregionof108(USDA,2004).  XXX x   4    `     h     *ABd dSdd SN dd N dd ;\<(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  8%ll {8 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforMcLeanCounty,IllinoisBeans    Y\J/  {  qYk/Parameter >\\/!&\ >Value B\\/!&"\\ BSource M\>,&" q \\ qMStartingDate O\\@"r\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QC"r  @@22281 @@\\ d#1  MeteorologicalFilePeoria,IL(W14842)#XXX-#XXX M\>,"r" q \\ qM1EndingDate O\\@n \ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QCn!  :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFilePeoria,IL(W14842)#XXX 2#XXX M\>,n"" q \\ qMPanEvaporationFactor  # (_PFAC_) N\\?~ $\ p= ף?0.77p= ף?N  0.77  % 4  c\\PB~ &  p= ף?0.77 p= ף?\\ c4  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) M\>, '" q \\ qMr5_Snowmelt_ԀFactor !( (_SFAC_) ,\\")\ ,  0.36cmC1 !* 6  B\\/!"+ \\ B6  _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\9,!," q \\ JT7MinimumDepthof #*- Evaporation(_ANETD_) .\\$.\ .  17.5cm #*/ 8  B\\/!$0 \\ B8  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) #*1 97-+$2  \\ 7  b% 2 *C\DddSd Std  td AB(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQtt + Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforMcLeanCounty,IllinoisBeans 8Q)(QQQ 8Parameter 9/!2"Q 9Value BQ/!2" BSource >Q/!2"Q >MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) 9/!N Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!" B_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) >Q/! "Q >_USLE_ԀKFactor    (_USLEK_) 9/!j  Q 90.28tons_EI_1* BQ/!  " B    Takenfrom_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart    (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/),McLeanCounty,Illinois: j  VarnaSiltLoam 5Q&!. ~"Q 5>_USLE_ԀLSFactor   (_USLELS_) RHJ Q q= ףp?1.34q= ףp?R1.34 cQPB " q= ףp?1.34 q= ףp? c    Calculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS   =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope J  length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m ^  (defaultvalue)andm=0.5(EPA2004).#XXXdz3#XXX 5Q&!" "Q 5!A_USLE_ԀPFactor *z  (_USLEP_) OE> Q  ?1?O1 `QM?*z "  ?1 ? `    _PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) 5Q&!*z "Q 5DFieldArea F (AFIELD) 0& ZQ 0172ha BQ/!F" BAreaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004).#XXXC#XXX 5Q&!F"Q 5_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ b (_IREG_) OE&v Q  @3@O3 `QM?b!"  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!b""Q 5Slope(SLP) OE~#Q  @6@O6 `QM?~$"  @6 @ `Range:118%(USDA2004).Maximumoftherangeis>12,the ~% SLPforarowcropshouldbesetto6%(EPA2004).#XXXGF#XXX 5Q&!B&"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&'Q 0600m BQ/!(" B_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!)"Q 5IrrigationFlag B* (_IRFLAG_) D:+Q # D0 UQB4B," #  UFrom_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) 5Q&!B-"Q 5IrrigationType ^. (_IRTYP_) 0&"/Q 0Notapplicable FQ3!^0" F FQ72Z4"^~Q FLeachingFactor *z5 (_FLEACH_) 0&>6Q 0Notapplicable E0!*z7" E /Q 7 /FractionofWater F!8 Capacitywhen  "Z9 IrrigationisApplied ": (_PCDEPL_) 0&#;Q 0Notapplicable E0!F!<" E /Q  2< /MaximumRateat $: = whichIrrigationis % > Applied(_RATEAP_) 0&r&!?Q 0Notapplicable E0!$: @" E 7QQQ$$@ 7*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!'#A  QQQ +  ($A *E\Fdddd dd dd C\D(#(#," dd ,Sdd ," dd +  +QQQtt + Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforMcLeanCounty,IllinoisBeans 8Q)(QQQ 8Parameter 9/!2"Q 9Value BQ/!2" BSource >Q/!2"Q >InitialCrop(_INICRP_) XN!Q  ?1?X1 `QM?"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(.EPA2004) 5Q&!"Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) OE  Q  ?1?O1 `QM? 2 "  ?1 ? `_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) 5Q&! 2 "Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? N"  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerally  N one 5Q&! "Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods j  (_NCPDS_) PF. Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@j "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata.Meteorological j  File .  Moline,IL(W14923) 5Q&! "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterceptionstorage J  ofcrop(_CINTCP_) 0& Q 00.1cm BQ/!J " BTakenfromOregon_Snapbeans_ J  scenario 5Q&! "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth f (_AMXDR_) 0&*Q 038cm BQ/!f" BTakenfromOR_Snapbeans_Ԁscenario 5Q&!f "Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage 2! (_COVMAX_) QGF"Q Y@100Y@Q100 bQOA2#" Y@100 Y@ bTakenfromOregon_Snapbeans_ 2$ scenario 5Q&!F%"Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfterHarvest N& (_ICNAH_) OEb'Q  ?1?O1 `QM?N("  ?1 ? `TakenfromOregon_Snapbeans_ N) scenario 5Q&!b*"Q 5DateofCropEmergence j+ (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) 0&.~,Q 016/6/61 BQ/!j-" BTakenfromOregon_Snapbeans_ j. scenario 5Q&!.~/"Q 5DateofCropMaturity 0 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) 0&J1Q 018/8/61 BQ/!2" BTakenfromOregon_Snapbeans_ 3 scenario 5Q&!J4"Q 5DateofCropHarvest(HAD,HAM, 5 _IYRHAR_) SIf6Q @22320@S2/9/61 dQQC7" @22320 @ dTakenfromOregon_Snapbeans_ 8 scenario 5Q&!f9"Q 5MaximumDryWeight(_WFMAX_) D::Q # D0.0 UQB4;" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&!<"Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&!f=Q 092,89,90 BQ/!!f>" BGleamsManualTableH4,Close !f? seededlegumes,fallow,ST/CT,poor !*@ (USDA,1990) 5Q&!"A"Q 5ManningsNValue(_MNGN_) SI#FBQ y&1?0.014y&1?S  0.014 dQQC#FC y&1?0.014 y&1? dSg_RUSLE_ԀProject,FileCode: #FD Ma1SBCGCChicago,IL,Soybean $ E  @    ,  7Q&!R)$KQ 7__USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_) 7&dQ 7  .086.089.092.095.100 d .109.124.145.168.278 ( .292.342.372.395.381  .326 ` .199.067.072.054.073 $t  .093.046.047.193.219 8 .242.258.270 BQ/!  Bdi_RUSLE_ԀProject,FileCode: d  Ma1SBCGCChicago,IL,Soybean1'%( "  Q 1  *G\Hdd" dd " Sdd S" dd " E\F(#(#,Sdd ,N dd , dd +  -( x ( x - Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12VarnaSoilParametersforMcLeanCounty,IllinoisBeans ?0      ?Parameter 6,! 6 " 6Value 0 6 " 0VerificationSource 7(& 6 "   7TotalSoilDepth >  (CORED) $R  $@33#*152cm " >  "_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart >  (4I!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6n!On  7-!o) R     e :+) pp :NumberofHorizons Z  (_NHORIZ_) $n  $  5 Z  (tophorizonsplitin2) "n   " % F  %p  First,Second,Third,andFourthSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3,4) 5&$v  5HorizonThickness  (_THKNS_) $ $10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)  20cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2)  38cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) V  31cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) j! 53cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) " ." "_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart # (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) :+)$ :BulkDensity(BD) $6% $1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) 6& 1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) J' 1.45gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) ( 1.6gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) ) 1.8gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) " F* " ,"* ,InitialWaterContent + (_THETO_) $b, $0.32cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=15)  - FieldCapacityvalues,_PRZM_ . ScenarioGuidance(2004) )b/ )CompartmentThickness  0 (_DPN_) $~ 1 $0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)  2 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) ~ 3 2cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) B!4 1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) "V5 1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5)  "6 _PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) ) 7 )FieldCapacity(_THEFC_) $"$r8 $0.32cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=15)  "$r9 GLEAMSTableH3(1990) "$r: (Siltloam) )$6 ; )WiltingPoint(_THEWP_) $>&!< $0.12cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=15)  >&!= GLEAMSTableH3(1990) "  >&!> (Siltloam) +'R"? +OrganicCarbonContent Z(#@ (OC) +)n$A +1.5%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) Z(#B 1.5%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) )n$C 0.6%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) o    )2%D 0.18%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) *%E 0.15%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) -j+&F -_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart Z(#G (4k !O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);6 !O!   7!O )n$H Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC )2%I =0.6x%OrganicMatter(_Doucette_ *%J 2000)(j+&K  (XXX J-(L ЇEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr.  _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated  SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof t ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. `   EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance 8  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions $ t July2004.  ` _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands.  8  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, $  #XXXXXXI#Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.   _IPM_.2004a.CropProfileforBeans(Lima)inDelaware.WrittenJune1999.Informationtaken   fromthewebsite:4X X !O  5  http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/debeanslima.html.6!O?  7D   _IPM_.2004b.CropProfileforBeans(Snap)inMichigan.WrittenAugust1999.Information \ takenfromthewebsite:4h : !O  5  http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/mibeanssnap.html.6!O?  7  H _IPM_.2004c.CropProfileforPeas(Green)inIdaho.WrittenJune2000.Informationtaken  p fromthewebsite:4q X !O  5  http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/IDpeasgreen.html.6=!OQ?  7  \ USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. 4 USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.   USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural  ResearchService(ARS).  USDA._NRCS_.2004.SoilClassification.Informationtakenfromthewebsite: X  4J !O  5  http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/.6-!OA   7o D! USDA._NRCS_.2004.SoilDataMart.Informationtakenfromthewebsite: #l! 4L!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6!O   7Pԏ h      $X" XXX  %!$ #XXXǓ# %   PENNSYLVANIAVEGETABLE(Potatoes&Pumpkins) e t   ThePennsylvaniaVegetablecrop/fieldscenariorepresentsthetypicalpotatoand P pumpkincrop/fieldconditionsinsoutheasternPennsylvania.PotatoesaregrowninPennsylvania < frommidJulytoSeptemberandmidSeptembertomidMay.Potatoseedsareplaced7to12 ( x inchesapartinrows.Soilisridgedovertheseedrowsorhillinginordertopreventgreeningand  d tocontrolweedsbeforeseedlingsbloom.Potatoesarefertilizedtwice,duringplantingusinga  P bandtreatmentalongsidetheseedlingrowsandduringcultivationorhilling.Potatoesare  < typicallyharvestedfrommidJulytoOctoberinPennsylvania.80%ofthepotatocrop  (  productionoccursinErie,_Cambria_,_Schuykill_,Lancaster,andPottercounties(_IPM_,2004a).    Pennsylvaniaisranked2ndintheUnitedStatesforpumpkinproductionintheUnitedStates,   makingup10%oftotalpumpkinproductionintheUnitedStates.Themajorityofpumpkin   productioninPennsylvaniaoccursinthesoutheasternregion.Pumpkinsaremostlydirectseeded   withconventionaltillagepreparation.Pumpkinsaregrowninsilts,gravelyloams,andclays. t  PlantingtypicallyoccursbetweenearlyJuneandJuly(_IPM_,2004b). `    TheClarksburgsoilserieswasselectedtorepresentthePennsylvaniaVegetablescenario. L Clarksburgsoilsaresiltloams,thesoiltypewherepotatoandpumpkincropsaretypicallygrown. 8 TheClarksburgsoilseriesisaverydeep,moderatelywelldrainedsoilformedincolluvium, $t glacialtillorresiduumfromlimestone,calcareousandnoncalcareousshaleandsandstone.This ` soilseriesislocatedonuplandswithslopesrangingfrom0to25percent.Soilpermeabilityis L slowtomoderatelyslow.Thistaxonomicclassisdescribedasfineloamy,mixed,superactive, 8 _mesic_Ԁ_Oxyaquic_Ԁ_Fragiudalfs_.Thetypical_pedon_Ԁisasiltloamlocatedona5percentnortheast $ facingslopeinacultivatedfield.TheHarrisburg,Pennsylvaniaweatherrecordisselectedto  representmeteorologicalconditionsforthePenn_sylvania_ԀVegetablescenario.Thisisthe_MLRA_  148region(USDA,2004).       `    XXX*d dSdd SN dd N dd G\H(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  8%44 {8 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforLancasterCounty,PennsylvaniaVegetable ,   Y\J/  {  qYОParameter >\\/! >\ >Value B\\/! > "\\ BSource M\>, >!" q \\ qMStartingDate O\\@:""\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QC:"#  @@22281 @@\\ d  MeteorologicalFileHarrisburg,PA,W14751 M\>,:"$" q \\ qMEndingDate O\\@#%\ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QC#&  :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFileHarrisburg,PA,W14751 M\>,#'" q \\ qMPanEvaporationFactor $" ( (_PFAC_) N\\?% )\ HzG?0.79HzG?N  0.79 $" *   c\\PB% +  HzG?0.79 HzG?\\ cʣ  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) M\>,$" ," q \\ qMI_Snowmelt_ԀFactor &2"- (_SFAC_) ,\\'".\ ,  0.36cmC1 &2"/   B\\/!'"0 \\ Bͥ  _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\\9,&2"1" q \\ J+MinimumDepthof (B$2 Evaporation(_ANETD_) .\\\)%3\\ .  17.5cm (B$4 Z  B\\\/!)%5 \\\ B  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) (B$6 7-+)%7  \\\ 7(#(#K(#  ,(: *\ddSd Std  td (#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ + Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforLancasterCounty,PennsylvaniaVegetable 8Q)dQQQ 8Parameter 9/!n"Q 9Value BQ/!n" BSource >Q/!n"Q >MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) 9/!Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!" B_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) >Q/!"Q >_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) 9/!  Q 90.37tons_EI_1* BQ/! 2 " B    Takenfrom_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart  2  (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/),LancasterCounty,    PennsylvaniaVegetable:Clarksburgsiltloam 5Q&!j "Q 5_USLE_ԀLSFactor   (_USLELS_) RH Q q= ףp?1.34q= ףp?R1.34 cQPB " q= ףp?1.34 q= ףp? c    Calculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS   =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m J  (defaultvalue)andm=0.5(EPA2004). 5Q&!^ "Q 5L_USLE_ԀPFactor f  (_USLEP_) OE*z Q  ?1?O1 `QM?f "  ?1 ? `    From_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004)andIDpotatoscenario 5Q&!f "Q 5FieldArea   (AFIELD) 0&FQ 0172ha BQ/! " BAreaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). 5Q&! "Q 5_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_  (_IREG_) OEb Q  @3@O3 `QM?!"  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!""Q 5Slope(SLP) 0& #Q 06% BQ/! $" BRange:025%.Sincemaximumvalueis>12%,valueissetto  % 6%forrowcrops(EPA2004). 5Q&!~&"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&&'Q 0600m BQ/!&(" B_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!&)"Q 5IrrigationFlag .~* (_IRFLAG_) D:B+Q # D0 UQB4.~," #  UFrom_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) =QQQ*!.~-"Q =*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!J. QQQ +  >. *\d ddd dd dd \(#(#,A dd ,Fdd ,[dd +  +QQQtt + Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforLancasterCounty,PennsylvaniaVegetable 8Q)(QQQ 8Parameter 9/!2"Q 9Value BQ/!2" BSource >Q/!2"Q >InitialCrop(_INICRP_) XN!Q  ?1?X1 `QM?"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(.EPA2004) 5Q&!"Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) OE  Q  ?1?O1 `QM? 2 "  ?1 ? `_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) 5Q&! 2 "Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? N"  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerallyone 5Q&! N"Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods j  (_NCPDS_) PF. Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@j "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata.MeteorologicalFile j  Lancaster,PA 5Q&!. "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterception 6  storageofcrop(_CINTCP_) 0&J Q 00.1cm BQ/!6 " BConsistentwithpotatoscenarios.Valuemaybe 6  inconsistentwithdifferentvegetablescenarios J  becausetheyrepresentdifferenttypesofvegetables. 5Q&! "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth f (_AMXDR_) 0&*Q 030cm BQ/!f" BMedianvalue(1545cm)(Table59.EPA1998). f Maybeinconsistentwithdifferentpotatoscenarios *  duetodifferentsources.Valuemaybeinconsistent ! withdifferentvegetablescenariosbecausethey b" representdifferenttypesofvegetables. 5Q&!&v#"Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage ~$ (_COVMAX_) PFB%Q  D@40D@P40 aQN@~&"  D@40 D@ aConsistentwithWApotatoscenario.Valueisnot ~' consistentwithothervegetablescenariosbecause B( theyrepresentdifferenttypesofvegetables. 5Q&!V)"Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfter ^* Harvest(_ICNAH_) OE"r+Q  @3@O3 `QM?^,"  @3 @ `FromIDpotatoscenario 5Q&!^-"Q 5DateofCropEmergence z. (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) SI>/Q @22558@S10/5/61 dQQCz0" @22558 @ dFromIDpotatoscenario 5Q&!z1"Q 5DateofCropMaturity 2 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) SIZ3Q @22290@S1/10/61 dQQC4" @22290 @ dFromIDpotatoscenario 5Q&!5"Q 5DateofCropHarvest(HAD,HAM,  6 _IYRHAR_) SIv!7Q @22563@S10/10/61 dQQC 8" @22563 @ dFromIDpotatoscenario 5Q&! 9"Q 5MaximumDryWeight(_WFMAX_) D:":Q # D0.0 UQB4";" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&!"<"Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&&$v=Q 089,86,87 BQ/!&$v>" BGleamsManualTableH4,Pasture/Range,Non &$v? CNT,Poor(USDA,1990) 5Q&!$: @"Q 5ManningsNValue(_MNGN_) 0&B&!AQ 0.014_. BQ/!B&!B BRUSLEProject,PAPotato(Irish),YorkCounty, B&!C FileCode:S65P1PC 'V"D    5Q&!'#EQ 5USLECFactor(USLEC) 0&dQ 0.694.698.701 d .705.713.728 ( .746.767.736  .842.870.872 ` .809.568.392 $t .282 8 .118.057.052    .213.534.593 p   .635.663.679 4   .689 BQ/! H  BRUSLEProject,PAPotato(Irish),YorkCounty, d  FileCode:SB5P1PC =QQQ*!( "Q =+!P   QQQ +   `  *\ddA dd A Fdd F[dd [\(#(#,Sdd ,N dd , dd +  (h h  ( Table4. PRZM3.12ClarksburgSoilParametersforLancasterCounty,PennsylvaniaVegetable 5&|  5Parameter 6,!&" 6Value 0&" 0VerificationSource 2#!&" 2TotalSoilDepth .~ (CORED) $B $  152cm +.~  +6NRCSSoilDataMart .~ (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) :+)B  :NumberofHorizons J (NHORIZ) C9^  @4@C  4 @60J   @4 @ @ % 6 %  First,Second,Third,andFourthSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2,3,4) 5&$f   5HorizonThickness ! (THKNS) $" $10cm(HORIZN=1) # 12cm(HORIZN=2) $ 34cm(HORIZN=3) F% 96cm(HORIZN=4) "  Z& "NRCSSoilDataMart ' (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) :+)(l :BulkDensity(BD) $b) $1.3gcm3(HORIZN=1) b* 1.3gcm3(HORIZN=2) &v+ 1.4gcm3(HORIZN=3) :, 1.6gcm3(HORIZN=4) "  - " ,N- ,InitialWaterContent "V. (THETO) $"/ $0.32cm3H20cm3soil(HORIZN=14)  "V0 FieldCapacityvalues,PRZM "V1 ScenarioGuidance(2004) )"2 )CompartmentThickness "$r3 (DPN) $$6 4 $0.1cm(HORIZN=1) "$r5 4cm(HORIZN=2) $6 6 2cm(HORIZN=3) % 7 4cm(HORIZN=4)  n&!8 PRZMScenarioGuidance(2004) )"$r9 )FieldCapacity(THEFC) $'#: $0.32cm3H20cm3soil(HORZIN=14)  '#; GLEAMSTableH3(1990) )'#< )WiltingPoint(THEWP) $)n$= $0.21cm3H20cm3soil(HORZIN=14)  )n$> GLEAMSTableH3(1990) +)n$? +OrganicCarbonContent v*%@ (OC) +:+&A +1.8%(HORIZN=1) v*%B 1.8%(HORIZN=2) o    :+&C 0.24%(HORIZN=3) +N'D 0.09%(HORIZN=4) ,(E  --(F -NRCSSoilDataMart v*%G (4 !O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);6!`  7!_ :+&H Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC +N'I =0.6x%OrganicMatter(Doucette ,(J 2000)(-(K  (XXXEPA.1998.Carsel,R.F.,J.C.Imhoff,P.R.Hummel,J.M.Cheplick,andA.S.Donigian,Jr.  PRZM3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated  SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof t ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. ` EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(PRZM)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance 8  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions $ t July2004.XXX  ` #XXX#Haan,C.T.andB.J.Barfield.1978.HydrologyandSedimentologyofSurfaceMinedLands.  8  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, $  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.   IPM.2004a.CropProfileforPotatoesinPennsylvania.WrittenMarch17,1999.Information   takenfromthewebsite:4 : !O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/papotatoes.html.6!14)  7_   IPM.2004b.CropProfileforPumpkinsinPennsylvania.WrittenSeptember14,1998. \ Informationtakenfromthewebsite: H 4!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/papumpkins.html.6!14)  7RI_ 4 USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G.Knisel.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.  \ USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,TiftonGA.SEWRL030190FMD. H USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(RUSLE)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.   DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)andAgricultural   ResearchService(ARS).  USDA.NRCS.2004.SoilClassification.Informationtakenfromthewebsite:  4 !O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/.6!14)  7_ l USDA.NRCS.2004.SoilDataMart.Informationtakenfromthewebsite: D! 4!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6=!Q14)  7P_ 0"    %0!$  %   SOUTHTEXASCORN &f     ThefieldusedtorepresentcornproductioninSouthTexasisrepresentativeofafieldin t HildagoandCameroncounties,locatedintheLowerRioGrandeValleyregion.The ` meteorologicalfile,Brownsville,TX,representstheMLRAregion83D. Texasproduces2 L  percentoftheU.S.commerciallygrowncorn(NSF1999).TheNorthernHighPlainsgrows 8  approximately66percentofTexascornwithlessthan12percentbeinggrownintheLower $ t Valleyregion.IntheLowerValleyregionofTexas,cornisplantedbetweenlateJanuaryand  ` LateFebruary.IntheNorthernpartsofthestate,plantingdatesaresignificantlydifferent,being  L  midApriltoearlyMay.Cornisgenerallyplantedin30inchrowsatratesof28,00034,000  8  seeds/acre.CornisgenerallyirrigatedandharvestedinthelowervalleybetweenlateJuneand $  MidJuly(NSF1999).ThesoilinHildagoandCameroncountiesisalluvial,beingderivedfrom   theRioGrande(USDA1997).Thusthereisnodominantsoiltype(rangeofcoverages:0.1   13.2%).Forthisscenario,HarlingenClaywasselectedasarepresentativesoiltypebecauseit   hassignificantyieldsofcornandhasthelargestpercentcoverageofahydrologicgroupCorD   soilforHildago(4.8%)andCameron(6.6%)counties(USDA2004).HarlingenClayisa p hydrologicgroupDsoilthatisclassifiedasveryfine,smectitic,hyperthermicsodichaplusterts. \ TheHarlingenseriesofsoilsisdeep,moderatelywelldrained,veryslowlypermeablesoilsthat H formedinclayeysediments.Thesesoilshaveslopesof01percentandoccuronstreamterraces 4 anddeltasalongthelowerportionsoftheRioGrandeRiveranditstributariesinsouthTexasand  p Mexico.Thissoilismostlyusedforirrigatedcroplandincludingcottonandcoolseason  \ vegetables(USDA1997). H *d dSdd SN dd N dd \(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  8%   {8 XXXTable1. PRZM3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasCorn x   Y\J/>  {  qY  Parameter >\\/!"\ >Value B\\/!"\\ BSource M\>," q \\ qMStartingDate O\\@&\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QC&  @@22281 @@\\ d  MeteorologicalFileBrownsville,Cameron &  County,Texas:W12919 M\>,!" q \\ qMEndingDate O\\@ 6"\ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QC 6#  :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFileBrownsville,Cameron  6$ County,Texas:W12919 M\>,!%" q \\ qMPanEvaporationFactor "F& (PFAC) N\\?# '\ Gz?0.69Gz?N  0.69 "F(   c\\PB# )  Gz?0.69 Gz?\\ cT  PRZMManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) M\>,"F*" q \\ qMSnowmeltFactor %V + (SFAC) ,\\%!,\ ,  0.0cmC1 %V -   B\\/!%!. \\ B  PRZMManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\\9,%V /" q \\ JTMinimumDepthof 'f"0 Evaporation(ANETD) .\\\'*#1\\ .  32.5cm 'f"2 C  B\\\/!'*#3 \\\ B{  PRZMManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) 'f"4 7-+'*#5  \\\ 7  r,': *\ddSd Std  td (#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ + Table2. PRZM3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasCorn 8Q)dQQQ 8Parameter 9/!n"Q 9Value BQ/!n" BSource >Q/!n"Q >MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(ERFLAG) 9/!Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!" BPRZMManual(EPA,1998) >Q/!"Q >USLEKFactor  2  (USLEK) 9/!  Q 90.32tonsEI1* BQ/! 2 " B    TakenfromNRCSSoilDataMart  2  (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) 5Q&!  "Q 5USLELSFactor  N (USLELS) RH Q 333333?0.15333333?R0.15 cQPB N" 333333?0.15 333333? c    CalculatedaccordingtoHaanandBarfield(1978)equation:LS  N =((/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA2004). 5Q&!J "Q 5 USLEPFactor   (USLEP) OEf Q  ?1?O1 `QM? "  ?1 ? `    contourplowingisnotcommondueto01%slope(consulted   withextensionagent).PRZMManualTable5.6(EPA,1998) 5Q&!f "Q 5 FieldArea   (AFIELD) 0& Q 0172ha BQ/! " BAreaofShipmanReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). 5Q&! "Q 5NRCSHyetograph * (IREG) OEQ  @3@O3 `QM?* "  @3 @ `PRZMManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!*!"Q 5Slope(SLP) 0&F"Q 00.5% BQ/!F#" BFrom4 !O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/6!acto  7 x_Ԁofficialsoilseriesdescription(slope F$ range=01%) 5Q&! %"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&b&Q 0356(pond) b' 600(reservoir) BQ/!&(" BShipmanReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!b)"Q 5IrrigationFlag .~* (IRFLAG) D:B+Q # D0 UQB4.~," #  UFromPRZMScenarioGuidance(2004) =QQQ*!.~-"Q =*EI=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!J. QQQ +   R/ *\d  ddd dd dd \(#(#, dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQtt + Table3 .PRZM3.12CropParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasCorn 8Q)(QQQ 8Parameter 9/!2"Q 9Value BQ/!2" BSource >Q/!2"Q >InitialCrop(INICRP) XN!Q  ?1?X1 `QM?"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(.EPA2004) 5Q&!"Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (ISCOND) OE  Q  @2@O2 `QM? 2 "  @2 @ `PRZMScenarioGuidance(2004).2=covercrop;  2  consultedwithextensionagent,cropsarerotated. 5Q&!  "Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops  N (NDC) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? N"  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerallyone 5Q&! N"Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods j  (NCPDS) PF. Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@j "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata. 5Q&!j "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterception 6  storageofcrop(CINTCP) 0&J Q 00.25cm BQ/!6 " BMaximumrecommendedvalueforgrass(Carselet 6  al.1998) 5Q&!J "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth R  (AMXDR) 0&fQ 090cm BQ/!R " BMedianvalue(60120cm)(Table59.EPA1998). 5Q&!R "Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage n (COVMAX) QG2 Q Y@100Y@Q100 n!     bQOA2" Y@100 Y@ bTakenfromILcorn.Alsoconsistentwithdefault n# valuecitedinguidance(EPA2004). 5Q&!2$"Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfter % Harvest(ICNAH) OEN&Q  @2@O2 `QM?'"  @2 @ `PRZMManual(Carseletal.,1998),2=cover ( crop;consultedwithextensionagent,cropsare N) rotated 5Q&!b*"Q 5DateofCropEmergence j+ (EMD,EMM,IYREM) SI.~,Q @22283@S1/3/61 dQQCj-" @22283 @ dcornisplantedlateJanuaryLateFebruary(TX j. extensioncropprofile)+emergenceof515days .~/ (PRZMmanual) 5Q&!B0"Q 5DateofCropMaturity J1 (MAD,MAM,IYRMAT) 0&^2Q 015/6/61 -#!J3" -mature110130daysfromplanting(PRZM J4 manual) Q ^5 DateofCropHarvest(HAD, f6 HAM,IYRHAR) SI*z7Q @22287@S1/7/61 OECf8" @22287 @ OcornisharvestedbetweenlateJuneandmidJuly f9 (http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles) Q *z: MaximumDryWeight(WFMAX) D: ;Q # D0.0 UQB4 <" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&! ="Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&!*>Q 088,89,90 BQ/!!*?" BGleamsManualTableH4,(HydrologicalsoilD) !*@ RowCrop,SR,goodhydrologiccondition "A (moderatelywelldrainedsoil)(USDA,1990) 5Q&!b#B"Q 5ManningsNValue(MNGN) 0&$ CQ 0.014.014.014 $ D .014.014.014 ~% E .014.014.014 B&!F .014.014.014 'V"G .014.014.014 '#H .014 (#I .014.014.014 R)$J .014.014.014 *f%K .014.014.014 **&L .014.014.014 BQ/!+&M BRUSLEProject,TXGalvestonCorn, $ N (T95CGSBC) ~% O    >  5Q&!B&!PQ 5USLECFactor(USLEC) 0&dQ 0.536.581.622 d .654.680.705 (  .800.829.843  .821.774.602 ` .452 $t Ѐ.371.311.282 8 .285.287.288   .307.369.388 p   .039.042.133 4   .173.215.257 BQ/! H  BRUSLEProject,TXGalvestonCorn, d  (T95CGSBC)1'%( "  Q 1*\dd dd dd dd \(#(#,dd ,N dd ,A dd +  (   ( Table4. PRZM3.12SoilParametersforHarlingenClayinHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasCorn 5&d  5Parameter 6,!n " 6Value 0n " 0VerificationSource 2#!n " 2TotalSoilDepth   (CORED) $  $  180cm    /http://soils.usda.gov/(71inches)    NumberofHorizons 2 (NHORIZ) $ $  4 2 (topHORIZNsplitin2)   NRCSSoilDataMart 2 (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) "  "0  First,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2,3) 5&$N  5HorizonThickness V (THKNS) $j $10cm(HORIZN=1) V  18cm(HORIZN=2) j! 61cm(HORIZN=3) ." 91cm(HORIZN=4) " # "NRCSSoilDataMart V$ (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) j%  :+).&pps :BulkDensity(BD) $J' $1.45gcm3(HORIZN=1) J( 1.45gcm3(HORIZN=2) ) 1.40gcm3(HORIZN=3) * 1.55gcm3(HORIZN=4) " F+ " ,+ ,InitialWaterContent , (THETO) $b- $0.39cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(HORIZN=14)  . FieldCapacityvalues,PRZM / ScenarioGuidance(2004) )b0 )Compartment  1 Thickness(DPN) $~ 2 $0.1cm(HORIZN=1)  3 3cm(HORIZN=2) ~ 4 1cm(HORIZN=3) B!5 1cm(HORIZN=4) "V6   "7 PRZMScenarioGuidance(2004)  8  )~ 9 )FieldCapacity "$r: (THEFC) $$6 ; $0.39cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(HORIZN=14)  "$r< GLEAMSTableH3(1990) )"$r= )WiltingPoint >&!> (THEWP) $'R"? $0.28cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(HORIZN=14)  >&!@ GLEAMSTableH3(1990) +>&!A +OrganicCarbon Z(#B Content(OC) +)n$C +1.2%(HORIZN=1) Z(#D 1.2%(HORIZN=2) )n$E 0.9%(HORIZN=3) )2%F 0.45%(HORIZN=4) -*%G -NRCSSoilDataMart Z(#H (4 !O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);6:!:tent  7!:_ )n$I Adjustedusingtherelationship% )2%J OC=0.6x%OrganicMatter *%K (Doucette2000)(j+&L  (XXX J-(M ЇEPA.1998.Carsel,R.F.,J.C.Imhoff,P.R.Hummel,J.M.Cheplick,andA.S.Donigian,Jr.  PRZM3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated  SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof t ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. ` EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(PRZM)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance 8  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions $ t July2004.XXX  ` #XXX.?#Haan,C.T.andB.J.Barfield.1978.HydrologyandSedimentologyofSurfaceMinedLands.  8  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, $  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.   NSFCenterforIntegratedPestManagement.1999.CropProfileforCorninTexas.Information   fromthewebsite:4)X !O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/TXcorn.html.6)A!=Atent  7kA_     USDA1997.OfficialSeriesDescription.HarlingenSeries.Informationfromthewebsite: \ 4 !O  5  _http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/H/HARLINGEN.html6B!Btent  7 B_ H USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G.Knisel.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.  p USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,TiftonGA.SEWRL030190FMD.  \ USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(RUSLE)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. 4 DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)andAgricultural   ResearchService(ARS).   USDA.2004.NaturalResourcesConservationService.SoilDataMart.Informationfrom  website:4 |!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6F!$FJ.B  7 RF_Ԁ    X   %   SOUTHTEXASCOTTON 4G     ThefieldusedtorepresentcottonproductioninSouthTexasisrepresentativeofafieldin  HildagoandCameroncounties,locatedintheLowerRioGrandeValleyregion.The t meteorologicalfile,Brownsville,TX,representstheMLRAregion83D. Texasranksfirstin ` productionofcottonintheU.S.CottonistheleadingcashcropinTexaswithatotaleconomic L  impactof5.2billiondollarsinthestate(NSF1999).Agriculturalmethods(irrigation,planting 8  times,cottontypes,harvestingmethods)varysignificantlyfromregiontoregion.TheNorthern $ t HighPlainsgrowsapproximately64percentofTexascornwith3percentbeinggrowninthe  ` LowerRioGrandeValleyregion.IntheLowerRioGrandeValleyregionofTexas,cottonis  L  plantedbetweenFebruaryandMarch.Cornisgenerallyirrigated.CottonisharvestedinTexas  8  betweenAugustandDecember(NSF1999).ThesoilinHildagoandCameroncountiesis $  alluvial,beingderivedfromtheRioGrande(USDA1997).Thusthereisnodominantsoiltype   (rangeofcoverages:0.113.2%).Forthisscenario,HarlingenClaywasselectedasa   representativesoiltypebecauseithassignificantyieldsofcottonandhasthelargestpercent   coverageofahydrologicgroupCorDsoilforHildago(4.8%)andCameron(6.6%)counties   (USDA2004).HarlingenClayisahydrologicgroupDsoilthatisclassifiedasveryfine, p smectitic,hyperthermicsodichaplusterts.TheHarlingenseriesofsoilsisdeep,moderatelywell \ drained,veryslowlypermeablesoilsthatformedinclayeysediments.Thesesoilshaveslopesof H 01percentandoccuronstreamterracesanddeltasalongthelowerportionsoftheRioGrande 4 RiveranditstributariesinsouthTexasandMexico.Thissoilismostlyusedforirrigatedcrop  p landincludingcottonandcoolseasonvegetables(USDA1997).  \    `     h   *d ddd N dd N A dd A \(#(#,Sd ,td ,td +  8%44 {8 XXXTable1. PRZM3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasCotton    Y\J/R  {  qYNR  Parameter >\\/!"\ >Value B\\/!"\\ BSource M\>," q \\ qMStartingDate O\\@:\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QC:  @@22281 @@\\ dT  MeteorologicalFileBrownsville,Cameron : County,Texas:W12919 M\>, " q \\ qMEndingDate O\\@J!\ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QCJ"  :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFileBrownsville,Cameron J# County,Texas:W12919 M\>, $" q \\ qMPanEvaporationFactor  "Z% (PFAC) N\\?"&\ Gz?0.69Gz?N  0.69  "Z' OW  c\\PB"(  Gz?0.69 Gz?\\ cW  PRZMManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) M\>, "Z)" q \\ qMXSnowmeltFactor $j* (SFAC) ,\\$. +\ ,  0.0cmC1 $j, X  B\\/!$. - \\ B&Y  PRZMManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\\9,$j." q \\ JYMinimumDepthof *&z!/ Evaporation(ANETD) .\\\&>"0\\ .  32.5cm *&z!1 sZ  B\\\/!&>"2 \\\ BZ  PRZMManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) *&z!3  [7-+&>"4  \\\ 7   `     h      p  -")< *\ddSd Std td (#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ + Table2. PRZM3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasCotton 8Q)dQQQ 8Parameter 9/!n"Q 9Value BQ/!n" BSource >Q/!n"Q >MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(ERFLAG) 9/!Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!" BPRZMManual(EPA,1998) >Q/!"Q >USLEKFactor  2  (USLEK) 9/!  Q 90.32tonsEI1* BQ/! 2 " B    TakenfromNRCSSoilDataMart  2  (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) 5Q&!  "Q 5j`USLELSFactor  N (USLELS) RH Q 333333?0.15333333?R0.15 cQPB N" 333333?0.15 333333? c    CalculatedaccordingtoHaanandBarfield(1978)equation:LS  N =((/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA2004). 5Q&!J "Q 5bUSLEPFactor   (USLEP) OEf Q  ?1?O1 `QM? "  ?1 ? `    contourplowingisnotcommondueto01%slope(consulted   withextensionagent).PRZMManualTable5.6(EPA,1998) 5Q&!f "Q 5mdFieldArea   (AFIELD) 0& Q 0172ha BQ/! " BAreaofShipmanReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). 5Q&! "Q 5NRCSHyetograph * (IREG) OEQ  @3@O3 `QM?* "  @3 @ `PRZMManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!*!"Q 5Slope(SLP) 0&F"Q 00.5% BQ/!F#" BFrom4 !O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/6h!h/!  7 xBh_Ԁofficialsoilseriesdescription(slope F$ range=01%) 5Q&! %"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&b&Q 0600m b' (reservoir) BQ/!&(" BShipmanReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!b)"Q 5IrrigationFlag .~* (IRFLAG) D:B+Q # D0 UQB4.~," #  UFromPRZMScenarioGuidance(2004) =QQQ*!.~-"Q =*EI=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!J. QQQ +   `    R/ *\d  ddd dd dd \(#(#,A dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ88 + Table3 .PRZM3.12CropParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasCotton 8Q)QQQ 8Parameter 9/!F"Q 9Value BQ/!F" BSource >Q/!F"Q >InitialCrop(INICRP) XN!N Q  ?1?X1 `QM?N "  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(EPA2004) 5Q&!N  "Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition    (ISCOND) OEj  Q  @2@O2 `QM?  "  @2 @ `PRZMScenarioGuidance(2004).2=covercrop;    consultedwithextensionagent,cropsarerotated 5Q&!j "Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops   (NDC) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? "  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerallyone 5Q&! "Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods .  (NCPDS) PF Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@. "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata. 5Q&!. "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterception J  storageofcrop(CINTCP) 0& Q 00.20cm BQ/!J " BPRZMManual(Carseletal.,1998) 5Q&!J "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth f (AMXDR) 0&*Q 065cm BQ/!f" BValuefromCAcotton.ConsistentwithPRZM f manual,table59(EPA1998)whichcitesrangeof * 3090cm. 5Q&! "Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage F! (COVMAX) 0& "Q 0100% BQ/!F#" BConsistentwithadviceofKerryArroues F$ USDA-NRCSfordevelopmentofCAcotton  % scenario.Also,consistentwithEPA2004guidance ~& ofdefaultvalueof100ofrowcrops. 5Q&!B'"Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfter ( Harvest(ICNAH) OE^)Q  @2@O2 `QM?*"  @2 @ `PRZMManual(Carseletal.,1998),2=covercrop; + consultedwithextensionagent,cropsarerotated 5Q&!^,"Q 5DateofCropEmergence - (EMD,EMM,IYREM) 0&z.Q 016/3/61 BQ/!/" BPRZMManual,Table5-19and 0 4y!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/6rz!z/!  7mix z_ 5Q&!z1"Q 5DateofCropMaturity "2 (MAD,MAM,IYRMAT) 0&3Q 020/7/61 6,!"4" 6PRZMManual,Table5-19and "5 4!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/6l|!|/!  7mix |_ &Q6" &DateofCropHarvest(HAD,HAM, >7 IYRHAR) 0& 8Q 015/10/61 >9       6,!v!; 6PRZMManual,Table5-19and >< 4!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/6~!~/!  7miN ~_Ԁ  = harvestfromAugust1toDecember20 &Qv!>" &MaximumDryWeight(WFMAX) D:"?Q # D0.0 UQB4"@" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&!"A"Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&&$vBQ 088,89,90 BQ/!&$vC" BGleamsManualTableH4,(HydrologicalsoilD) &$vD RowCrop,SR,goodhydrologiccondition(USDA, $: E 1990) 5Q&!% F"Q 5ManningsNValue(MNGN) RH'V"GQ y&1?.014y&1?R  .014 cQPB'V"H y&1?.014 y&1? cRUSLEProject,TXGalvestonCotton, 'V"I (T95CTCTC) '#J      5Q&!(#KQ 5USLECFactor(USLEC) 0&dQ 0  .628.654.678 d .697.712.727 ( .743.784.809  .808.776.639 ` .506.384.299 $t .295 8  .337.412.432   .358.442.494 p   .542.585.621 BQ/!4   B!RUSLEProject,TXGalvestonCotton, d  (T95CTCTC)1'%( "  Q 1*\ddA dd A dd dd \(#(#,Sdd ,N dd , dd +  (   ( Table4. PRZM3.12SoilParametersforHarlingenClayinHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasCotton 5&d  5Parameter 6,!n " 6Value 0n " 0VerificationSource 2#!n " 2TotalSoilDepth   (CORED) $  $  180cm    ֈ4ht!O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/6!*  7X_Ԁ    NumberofHorizons 2 (NHORIZ) $ $  4 2 (topHORIZNsplitin2)   NRCSSoilDataMart 2 (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) "  "_  First,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2,3) 5&$N  5HorizonThickness V (THKNS) $j $10cm(HORIZN=1) V  18cm(HORIZN=2) j! 61cm(HORIZN=3) ." 91cm(HORIZN=4) " # "NRCSSoilDataMart V$ (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/ j%  :+).&pp :BulkDensity(BD) $J' $1.45gcm3(HORIZN=1) J( 1.45gcm3(HORIZN=2) ) 1.40gcm3(HORIZN=3) * 1.55gcm3(HORIZN=4) " F+ " ,+ ,InitialWaterContent , (THETO) $b- $0.39cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(HORIZN=14)  . FieldCapacityvalues,PRZM / ScenarioGuidance(2004) )b0 )CompartmentThickness  1 (DPN) $~ 2 $0.1cm(HORIZN=1)  3 3cm(HORIZN=2) ~ 4 1cm(HORIZN=3) B!5 1cm(HORIZN=4)  "V6 PRZMScenarioGuidance(2004)  7  )~ 8 )FieldCapacity(THEFC) $^#9 $0.39cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil  ^#: GLEAMSTableH3(1990) )^#; )WiltingPoint(THEWP) $$ < $0.28cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil  $ = GLEAMSTableH3(1990) +$ > +OrganicCarbonContent &^!? (OC) +&""@ +1.2%(HORIZN=1) &^!A 1.2%(HORIZN=2) &""B 0.9%(HORIZN=3) '"C 0.45%(HORIZN=4) -Z(#D -NRCSSoilDataMart &^!E (4 !O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);6!  7!=_ &""F Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC '"G =0.6x%OrganicMatter(Doucette Z(#H 2000)()n$I  (XXXEPA.1998.Carsel,R.F.,J.C.Imhoff,P.R.Hummel,J.M.Cheplick,andA.S.Donigian,Jr. *N&J PRZM3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated +:'K SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof ,&(L ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. -)M ЇEPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(PRZM)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions  July2004.XXX  #XXXP#Haan,C.T.andB.J.Barfield.1978.HydrologyandSedimentologyofSurfaceMinedLands. ` OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, L  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. 8  NSFCenterforIntegratedPestManagement.1999.CropProfileforCottoninTexas. $ t Informationfromthewebsite:http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/TXcotton.html.  `   USDA1997.OfficialSeriesDescription.HarlingenSeries.Informationfromthewebsite:  8  4 !O  5  _http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/H/HARLINGEN.html6!$  7 R_ $  USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G.Knisel.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.   USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,TiftonGA.SEWRL030190FMD.   USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(RUSLE)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. p DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)andAgricultural \ ResearchService(ARS). H USDA.2004.NaturalResourcesConservationService.SoilDataMart.Informationfrom  p website:4 |!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6k!  7 _Ԁ   \  %   SOUTHTEXASGRAPEFRUIT {      `    ThefieldusedtorepresentgrapefruitproductioninSouthTexasisrepresentativeofafieldin ` _Hildago_ԀandCameroncounties,locatedintheLowerRioGrandeValleyregion.The L  meteorologicalfile,Brownsville,TX,representsthe_MLRA_Ԁregion83D.In2004,Texasranked 8  secondbehindFloridainacresproducingGrapefruit.Texascontained16percentofthetotal $ t acresofgrapefruitproduction(USDA2004).Grapefruittreesareplantedinrows2425feet  ` apart.Cropsareirrigated(TexasA&M2002)andprunedtomaintainaheightofapproximately  L  15feet.IntheLowerRioGrandeValleyregionofTexas,grapefruittreesbloomfromMarch10  8  20.FruitmaturesbetweenOctoberandDecemberandisharvestedfromOctobertoMay  $  (Personalcommunication2004).ThesoilinHidalgoandCameroncountiesisalluvial,being   derivedfromtheRioGrande(USDA1997).Thusthereisnodominantsoiltype(rangeof   coverages:0.113.2%).IntheLowerRioGrandeValleyregion,severalsoiltypessupportcitrus   production(Brennan,_Delfinia_,Hidalgo,_Willacy_)(TexasA&M2002).Forthisscenario,   Hidalgosandyclayloamwasselectedasarepresentativesoiltypebecauseithassignificant p yieldsofcitrusandwasrecommendedbyanextensionagentasbeingthemostcommonly \ associatedsoilwithcitrus(Personalcommunication2004).Hidalgosandyclayloamisa H _hydrologic_ԀgroupBsoilthatisclassifiedasfineloamy,mixed,active,_hyperthermic_Ԁtypic 4 _calciustolls_.TheHidalgoseriesofsoilsisdeep,welldrained,moderatelypermeableandformed  p incalcareousloamysediments.Thesesoilsoccuronnearlyleveltogentlyslopinguplandswith  \ slopesof05percent.ThissoiltypeoccursontheRioGrandePlainofTexasandMexico H (possibly).Thissoilismostlyusedforirrigatedcropproductionincludingcotton,grain 4 sorghum,vegetables,sugarcaneandcitrus(USDA1997).    *d dSdd SN dd N dd \(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  8% {8 XXXTable1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasGrapefruit 0   Y\J/F  {  qYͫParameter >\\/!B \ >Value B\\/!B "\\ BSource M\>,B " q \\ qMStart_ing_ԀDate O\\@ \ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QC    @@22281 @@\\ d  MeteorologicalFileBrownsville,Cameron    County,Texas:W12919 M\>,R  " q \\ qMEndingDate O\\@  \ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QC    :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFileBrownsville,Cameron   County,Texas:W12919 M\>,b " q \\ qMPanEvaporationFactor   (_PFAC_) N\\?r \ Gz?0.69Gz?N  0.69     c\\PBr   Gz?0.69 Gz?\\ c7  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) M\>, " q \\ qM_Snowmelt_ԀFactor   (_SFAC_) ,\\ \ ,  0cmC1     B\\/!  \\ B7  _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\9, " q \\ JMinimumDepthof  Evaporation(_ANETD_) .\\\ .  32.5cm  Ĵ  B\\/! \\ B  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998)  Z7-+  \\ 7*\ddSd Std  td (#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ.!. + Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasGrapefruit 8Q)B"QQQ 8Parameter 9/!#"Q 9Value BQ/!$" BSource >Q/!%"Q >MethodtoCalculate D& Erosion(_ERFLAG_) 9/!'Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!D(" B_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) >Q/!D)"Q >_USLE_ԀKFactor `* (_USLEK_) 9/!$+Q 90.32tons_EI_1* BQ/!`," B    Takenfrom_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart `- (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) 5Q&!$."Q 5#_USLE_ԀLSFactor ,|/ (_USLELS_) RH@0Q Gz?0.37Gz?R0.37 cQPB,|1" Gz?0.37 Gz? c    Calculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS ,|2 =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope @3 length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m 4 (defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA2004). 5Q&!x5"Q 5_USLE_ԀPFactor  6 (_USLEP_) OE!7Q  ?1?O1 `QM? 8"  ?1 ? `    contourplowingisnotcommondueto05%slope(consulted  9 withextensionagent)._PRZM_ԀManualTable5.6 5Q&!!:"Q 5`FieldArea "<; (AFIELD) 0&#<Q 0172ha BQ/!"<=" BAreaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). 5Q&!"<>"Q 5_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ %X ? (_IREG_) OE%!@Q  @3@O3 `QM?%X A"  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!%X B"Q 5Slope(SLP) 0&$'t"CQ 02.5% BQ/!$'t"D" BFrom4 !O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/6!  7 x_Ԁofficialsoilseriesdescription(slope $'t"E range=05%) 5Q&!'8#F"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&@)$GQ 0600m @)$H (reservoir) BQ/!*T%I" B_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!@)$J"Q 5IrrigationFlag \+&K (_IRFLAG_) D: ,p'LQ # D0 UQB4\+&M" #  UFrom_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) =QQQ*!\+&N"Q =*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!x-(O QQQ +Ї*\d  ddd dd dd \(#(#,A dd ,Fdd ,[dd +  +QQQtt + Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasGrapefruit 8Q)(QQQ 8Parameter 9/!2"Q 9Value BQ/!2" BSource >Q/!2"Q >InitialCrop(_INICRP_) XN!Q  ?1?X1 `QM?"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(EPA2004) 5Q&!"Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) OE  Q  @3@O3 `QM? 2 "  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004)  2       K 5Q&!  Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops  N (_NDC_) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? N"  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerallyone 5Q&! N"Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods j  (_NCPDS_) PF. Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@j "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata. 5Q&!j "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterception 6  storageofcrop(_CINTCP_) 0&J Q 00.25cm BQ/!6 " B_PRZM_ԀManual(_Carsel_Ԁetal.,1998) 5Q&!6 "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth R  (_AMXDR_) 0&fQ 0160cm BQ/!R " BConsultedextensionagent R  (Maxrootingdepth=58ft).SettoCORED. 5Q&!f"Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage n (_COVMAX_) 0&2 Q 075% BQ/!n!" BConsultedextensionagent 5Q&!n""Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfter # Harvest(_ICNAH_) OEN$Q  @3@O3 `QM?%"  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀManual(_Carsel_Ԁetal.,1998),3=residue 5Q&!&"Q 5DateofCropEmergence ' (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) 0&j(Q 016/3/61 BQ/!)" BConsultedextensionagent 5Q&!*"Q 5DateofCropMaturity + (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) SI,Q @22291@S1/11/61 XNC-" @22291 @ XConsultedextensionagent &Q." &DateofCropHarvest(HAD,HAM, ./ _IYRHAR_) SI0Q @22282@S1/2/61 XNC.1" @22282 @ XConsultedextensionagent &Q.2" &MaximumDryWeight(_WFMAX_) D:J3Q # D0.0 UQB4J4" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&!J5"Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&R 6Q 067,74,78 BQ/!R 7" BGleamsManualTableH4,(HydrologicalsoilB) R 8 meadow(USDA,1990) 5Q&!!f9"Q 5ManningsNValue(_MNGN_) 0&n":Q 0.014.014.014 n"; .014.014.014 2#< .014.014.014 #F= .014.014.014 $ > .014.014.014 ~% ? .014 B&!@ .014.014.014 'V"A .014.014.014 '#B .014.014 BQ/!(#C B_RUSLE_ԀProject,TXGalveston,Citrus, n"D (T95CBCBC) 2#E        K      5Q&!$ GQ 5_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_) 0&dQ 0<( 4 <DLX<.374.385.383 d .391.407.422 ( .423.437.458  .456.464.475 ` .442.424.434 $t .439 8  <( 4 <DLX<.442.325.340   .352.363.371 p   .378.384.389 4   .362 BQ/! H  B_RUSLE_ԀProject,TXGalveston,Citrus, d  (T95CBCBC)1'%( "  Q 1  *\ddA dd A Fdd F[dd [\(#(#,Sdd ,N dd , dd +  (t t  ( Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12SoilParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasGrapefruit 5&(  5Parameter 6,!2 " 6Value 02 " 0VerificationSource 2#!2 " 2TotalSoilDepth   (CORED) $N  $  160cm    http://soils.usda.gov/(63inches)    NumberofHorizons  (_NHORIZ_) $j $  4  (top_HORIZN_Ԁsplitin2) j  _NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart  (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) " j "  First,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) 5&$  5HorizonThickness j (_THKNS_) $.  $10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) j! 21cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) ." 25cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) # 104cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) " f$ "_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart j% (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/ .&  :+)'pp{C :BulkDensity(BD) $( $1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) ) 1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) * 1.325gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) F+ 1.35gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) "  Z, " ,Z, ,InitialWaterContent b- (_THETO_) $&v. $0.30cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=14)  b/ FieldCapacityvalues,_PRZM_ b0 ScenarioGuidance(2004) )&v1 )CompartmentThickness ~ 2 (_DPN_) $B!3 $0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) ~ 4 3cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) B!5 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) "V6 4cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4)  "7 _PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) ~ 8  )B!9 )FieldCapacity(_THEFC_) $"$r: $0.30cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=14)  "$r; GLEAMSTableH3(1990) )"$r< )WiltingPoint(_THEWP_) $z% = $0.18cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=14)  z% > GLEAMSTableH3(1990) +z% ? +OrganicCarbonContent &""@ (OC) +'"A +1.2%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) &""B 1.2%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) '"C 0.45%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) Z(#D 0.18%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) -)n$E -_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart &""F (4 !O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);6@!Tlves  7!_ '"G Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC Z(#H =0.6x%OrganicMatter(_Doucette_ )n$I 2000)()2%J  ( S (08XXXEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. ,e'K _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated -Q(L SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof -=)M ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,_GA.EPA_.2004.  PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:GuidanceforSelecting  FieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;RevisionsJuly2004.  EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance  V forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions  B July2004.XXX  . #XXXǕ#_Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. \  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, H  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.  h  4  PersonalCommunicationwithJulianSauls,ExtensionHorticulturist,TexasA&MUniversity   System.November29,2004.   TexasA&MUniversity,DepartmentofHorticulture.2002.Author:JulianSauls.TexasCitrus l andSubtropicalFruits.Informationfromthewebsite: X 4 !O  5  _http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/citrus/citrus.htm6!lves  7 _ D USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G.Knisel.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. r USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,TiftonGA.SEWRL030190FMD. ^    ` USDA1997.OfficialSeriesDescription.HidalgoSeries.Informationfromthewebsite: , 4 !O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/osd/index.html6<!Plves  7 @~_  USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(RUSLE)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. F  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)andAgricultural 2! ResearchService(ARS). "n USDA2004.CitrusFruits2004Summary.Informationfromthewebsite: $ http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/fruit/zcf-bb/cfrt0904.tx   x  %     `  USDA.2004.NaturalResourcesConservationService.SoilDataMart.Informationfrom '#  website:4 |!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6!  7 _Ԁ (#!   ).%"  %   SOUTHTEXASMELON   .~   ThefieldusedtorepresentmelonproductioninSouthTexasisrepresentativeofafieldin m _Hildago_ԀandCameroncounties,locatedintheLowerRioGrandeValleyregion.The Y  meteorologicalfile,Brownsville,TX,representsthe_MLRA_Ԁregion83D. Specifically,themelon E  scenariorepresentscantaloupe,honeydewmelonandwatermelonproductioninthestate.Texas 1  produces9percentand10percentoftheU.S.commerciallygrowncantaloupeandhoneydew  m melon,respectively(NSF1999).Approximately50percentofthestatescantaloupeand  Y honeydewmelonisgrownintheLowerRioGrandeRegion.Seedsareplanted1inchdeep8  E  12inchesapartin7880inchbedsor1224inchesapartin2lineson7880inchbeds. SPlantingis 1  fromthethirdweekinJanuarytothesecondweekofFebruary.Secondandthird_plantings_Ԁare   donetwoweeksaftertheprevious_plantings_.Cantaloupeandhoneydewmelonareharvested85   95daysafterplanting(NSF2000).Texasproduces20percentoftheU.S.commerciallygrown   watermelons,rankingnumberoneinthecountry(NSF1999)._Hildago_Ԁisthenumberonecounty   inTexasforwatermelonproduction. SӀSeedsareplanted3/41inchdeep3feetaparton6foot } beds(NSF2003).Thesoilin_Hildago_ԀandCameroncountiesisalluvial,beingderivedfromthe i RioGrande(USDA1997).Thusthereisnodominantsoiltype(rangeofcoverages:0.113.2%). U Forthisscenario,HarlingenClaywasselectedasarepresentativesoiltypebecauseitsupports A melongrowthandhasthelargestpercentcoverageofa_hydrologic_ԀgroupCorDsoilfor_Hildago_ -} (4.8%)andCameron(6.6%)counties(USDA2004).HarlingenClayisa_hydrologic_ԀgroupD i soilthatisclassifiedasveryfine,_smectitic_,_hyperthermic_Ԁ_sodic_Ԁ_haplusterts_.TheHarlingenseries U ofsoilsisdeep,moderatelywelldrained,veryslowlypermeablesoilsthatformedinclayey A sediments.Thesesoilshaveslopesof01percentandoccuronstreamterracesanddeltasalong - thelowerportionsoftheRioGrandeRiveranditstributariesinsouthTexasandMexico.This  soilismostlyusedforirrigatedcroplandincludingcottonandcoolseasonvegetables  (USDA1997).     `   0 *d dSdd SN dd N dd \(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  8% {8 XXXTable1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasMelon X   Y\J/q  {  qY{Parameter >\\/! \ >Value B\\/! "\\ BSource M\>, " q \\ qMStartingDate O\\@ Y\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QC Y  @@22281 @@\\ d3  MeteorologicalFileBrownsville,Cameron  Y County,Texas:W12919 M\>,  " q \\ qMEndingDate O\\@ i \ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QC i   :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFileBrownsville,Cameron  i  County,Texas:W12919 M\>, - " q \\ qMPanEvaporationFactor ) y (_PFAC_) N\\? = \ Gz?0.69Gz?N  0.69 ) y   c\\PB@   Gz?0.69 Gz?\\ c  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) M\>,) y" q \\ qMD_Snowmelt_ԀFactor   (_SFAC_) ,\\P \ ,  0cmC1     B\\/!  \\ B  _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\9, " q \\ J#MinimumDepthof ?  Evaporation(_ANETD_) .\\\ .  32.5cm ?  R  B\\/!V \\ B  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) ?  7-+V  \\ 7*\ddSd Std  td (#(#,4dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ44 + Table2. PRZM3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasMelon 8Q)QQQ 8Parameter 9/!B "Q 9Value BQ/!B!" BSource >Q/!B""Q >MethodtoCalculate J# Erosion(ERFLAG) 9/!^$Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!J%" BPRZMManual(EPA,1998) >Q/!J&"Q >USLEKFactor f' (USLEK) 9/!}(Q 90.32tonsEI1* BQ/!f)" B    TakenfromNRCSSoilDataMart f* (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) 5Q&!*z+"Q 5"USLELSFactor(USLELS) RH%,Q 333333?0.15333333?R0.15 cQPB%-" 333333?0.15 333333? c    CalculatedaccordingtoHaanandBarfield(1978) %. equation:LS=((/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613), / where=slopelength,x=SLP/100andm=constant.In ]0 thiscase,=400m(defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA !q1 2004). 5Q&!52"Q 5p$USLEPFactor =!3 (USLEP) OET"4Q  ?1?O1 `QM?=!5"  ?1 ? `    contourplowingisnotcommondueto01%slope =!6 (consultedwithextensionagent).PRZMManualTable "Q7 5.6(EPA,1998). 5Q&!"8"Q 5&FieldArea $m9 (AFIELD) 0&4% :Q 0172ha BQ/!$m;" BAreaofShipmanReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). 5Q&!$m<"Q 5NRCSHyetograph(IREG) OE&!=Q  @3@O3 `QM?&!>"  @3 @ `PRZMManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!&!?"Q 5Slope(SLP) 0&'4#@Q 00.5% BQ/!'4#A" BFrom4 !O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/6}*!*  7 :*_Ԁofficialsoilseriesdescription '4#B (sloperange=01%) 5Q&!(#C"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&*P%DQ 0356(pond) *P%E 600(reservoir) BQ/!+g&F" B_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!*P%G"Q 5IrrigationFlag(_IRFLAG_) D:o,'HQ # D0 UQB4o,'I" #  UFrom_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) =QQQ*!o,'J"Q =*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!-)K QQQ +Ї*\d  d4dd 4dd dd \(#(#,A dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ + Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasMelons 8Q)+{QQQ 8Parameter 9/!"Q 9Value BQ/!" BSource >Q/!"Q >InitialCrop(_INICRP_) XN!-Q  ?1?X1 `QM?-"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(EPA.2001) 5Q&!-"Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition 5   (_ISCOND_) OEL  Q  @2@O2 `QM?5  "  @2 @ `2=covercrop;cropsarerotatedaccordingto 5   Extensionagent._PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) 5Q&! I "Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops   (_NDC_) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? "  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerallyone 5Q&! "Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods c  (_NCPDS_) PF*z Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@c "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata. 5Q&!c "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterception   storageofcrop(_CINTCP_) 0&F Q 00.25cm BQ/! " B_PRZM_ԀManual(_Carsel_Ԁetal.,1998) 5Q&! "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth  (_AMXDR_) 0&bQ 061cm BQ/!" BConsultedextensionagent 5Q&!"Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage   (_COVMAX_) 0&~Q 0100% BQ/!  " BConsultedextensionagent 5Q&! !"Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfter &" Harvest(_ICNAH_) OE#Q  @2@O2 `QM?&$"  @2 @ `_PRZM_ԀManual(_Carsel_Ԁetal.,1998) 5Q&!&%"Q 5DateofCropEmergence B& (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) SI Y'Q @22282@S1/2/61 dQQCB(" @22282 @ dConsultedextensionagent,_PRZM_ԀManual,Table B) 5-19and4A!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/6>!%>d  7"!S>_ 5Q&!*"Q 5DateofCropMaturity a+ (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) SIx,Q @@22285@@S1/5/61 XNCa-" @@22285 @@ XConsultedextensionagent,_PRZM_ԀManual,Table a. 5-19and4,!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/6@!@d  7"!@_Ԁ &Q%u/" &DateofCropHarvest(HAD,HAM,  0 _IYRHAR_) SI1Q @22466@S7/5/61 XNC 2" @22466 @ XConsultedextensionagent,_PRZM_ԀManual,Table  3 5-19and4A!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/66C!JCd  7"!xC_ &Q4" &MaximumDryWeight(_WFMAX_) D: <5Q # D0.0 UQB4 <6" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&! <7"Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&D"8Q 088,89,90 BQ/!D"9" BGleamsManualTableH4,(HydrologicalsoilD), D": Rowcrop,SR,good_hydrologic_Ԁconditions(USDA, #X; 1990) 5Q&!#<"Q 5ManningsNValue(_MNGN_) 0&$%t =Q 0.011.011.011 $%t > .011.011.011 %8!? .011.011.011 &!@ .011.011.011 p'"A .011.011.011 4(#B .011 (H$C Ѐ.011.011.011 *_%D .011.011.011 *#&E .011.011.011 +&F .011 BQ/![,'G B_RUSLE_ԀProject,TXGalveston,Citrus,BareGround $%t H (T95CBCBC) %8!I      5Q&!&O"JQ 5_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_) 0&dQ 0.<( 4 <DLX<715.746.760 d  .698.813.816 ( .806.785.760  .726.692.590 ` .666.729.782 $t .824 8 <( 4 <DLX<.857.801.902  O .901.885.842    .786.742.699    .697.712.574 K   .623.673 BQ/! _  B_RUSLE_ԀProject,TXGalveston,Onion,BareGround d  (T95ONONC) (        X   1'% m  Q 1*\ddA dd A dd dd \(#(#,Sdd ,N dd , dd +  -m m  - Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12SoilParametersforHarlingenClayinHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasMelon ?0 !    ?Parameter 6,!+{ " 6Value 0+{ " 0VerificationSource 7(&+{ "   7TotalSoilDepth   (CORED) $G $  180cm    2Phttp://soils.usda.gov/(71inches)    NumberofHorizons  (_NHORIZ_) $c $  4  (top_HORIZN_Ԁsplitin2)   _NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart  (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) " c  "!Q  First,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) 5&$^!  5HorizonThickness f" (_THKNS_) $*z# $10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) f$ 18cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) }% 61cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) & 91cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) " ' "_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart f( (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) *z)  :+)A*s :BulkDensity(BD) $S+ $1.45gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) S, 1.45gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) j- 1.40gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) 1. 1.55gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) " H / " ,/ ,InitialWaterContent !0 (_THETO_) $d"1 $0.39cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=14)  !2 FieldCapacityvalues,_PRZM_ !3 ScenarioGuidance(2004) )d"4 )CompartmentThickness # 5 (_DPN_) $$6 $0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) # 7 3cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) $# 8 1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) %:!9 1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4)  'Q": _PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) # ;  )$# < )FieldCapacity(_THEFC_) $Y(#= $0.39cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=14)  Y(#> GLEAMSTableH3(1990) )Y(#? )WiltingPoint(_THEWP_) $)%@ $0.28cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=14)  )%A GLEAMSTableH3(1990) +)%B +OrganicCarbonContent d (OC) +( +1.2%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) d 1.2%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) { 0.9%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)    0.45%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) -  -_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart d (4 !O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);6^!^d  7!__ ( Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC N   =0.6x%OrganicMatter(_Doucette_    2000)( t   (XXX SEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr.  /  _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated }  SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof i ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. U EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance -  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions   July2004.   _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. { OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, g Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. S NSFCenterforIntegratedPestManagement.2000.CropProfileforCantaloupesandHoneydew + MelonsinTexas.Informationfromthewebsite: y http://_www.ipmcenters.org_/_cropprofiles_/docs/_txcanteloupesandhoneydewmelons.html_ e NSFCenterforIntegratedPestManagement.2003.CropProfileforWatermelonsinTexas. = Informationfromthewebsite:http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/txwatermelons.html ) USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.    USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.  ! USDA1997.OfficialSeriesDescription.HarlingenSeries.Informationfromthewebsite: "c# 4 !O  5  _http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/H/HARLINGEN.html6i!j  7 Aj_ #O$ USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. %'& DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural u&' ResearchService(ARS). a'( USDA.2004.NaturalResourcesConservationService.SoilDataMart.Informationfrom 9)!* website:4 |!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6l!l  7  m_Ԁ %*"+  S`  <-%.  %   SOUTHTEXASVEGETABLE 0n .~     `    ThefieldusedtorepresentvegetableproductioninSouthTexasisrepresentativeofafieldin   _Hildago_ԀandCameroncounties,locatedintheLowerRioGrandeValleyregion.The   meteorologicalfile,Brownsville,TX,representsthe_MLRA_Ԁregion83D. Specifically,the   vegetablescenariorepresentscarrot,onionandcabbageproductioninthestate.Texasproduces3 p  percentoftheU.S.commerciallygrowncarrots.TheLowerRioGrandeRegionproduces \  approximately50percentofTexascarrots.Carrotseedisoftenprecisionplantedat1/81/4 H  inchesdeepbetweenJulyandNovember.TheyaremechanicallyharvestedfromDecemberto 4  May(NSF2003a).Texasproduces7percentoftheU.S.commerciallygrownonions.The  p  LowerRioGrandeRegionproducesapproximately80percentofTexasonions.Onionseedis  \  oftenprecisionplantedat1/43/4inchesdeep,on3840inchraisedbedsinOctober.Mechanical H  harvestbegins120210daysafterplanting,whenthetops5080%ofthetopsfallover.Theyare 4 mechanicallyharvestedfromDecembertoMay(NSF2003b).Texasproduces15percentofthe   U.S.commerciallygrowncabbage.TheLowerRioGrandeRegionproducesapproximately50   percentofTexascabbage.Cabbageseedisoftenplantedat615inchesapart(NSF2003c).The  soilin_Hildago_ԀandCameroncountiesisalluvial,beingderivedfromtheRioGrande(USDA  1997).Thusthereisnodominantsoiltype(rangeofcoverages:0.113.2%).Forthisscenario,  HarlingenClaywasselectedasarepresentativesoiltypebecauseitsupportsvegetable l productionandhaslargestpercentcoverageofa_hydrologic_ԀgroupCorDsoilfor_Hildago_Ԁ(4.8 X %)andCameron(6.6%)counties(USDA2004).HarlingenClayisa_hydrologic_ԀgroupDsoil D thatisclassifiedasveryfine,_smectitic_,_hyperthermic_Ԁ_sodic_Ԁ_haplusterts_.TheHarlingenseriesof 0 soilsisdeep,moderatelywelldrained,veryslowlypermeablesoilsthatformedinclayey l sediments.Thesesoilshaveslopesof01percentandoccuronstreamterracesanddeltasalong X thelowerportionsoftheRioGrandeRiveranditstributariesinsouthTexasandMexico.This D soilismostlyusedforirrigatedcroplandincludingcottonandcoolseasonvegetables(USDA 0 1997).   `   *d dSdd SN dd N dd \(#(#, d ,rtd , td +  8% {8 XXXTable1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasVegetable X   Y\J/q  {  qYg|Parameter >\\/! \ >Value B\\/! "\\ BSource M\>, " q \\ qMStartingDate O\\@ Y\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QC Y  @@22281 @@\\ d~  MeteorologicalFileBrownsville,Cameron  Y County,Texas:W12919 M\>,  " q \\ qMEndingDate O\\@ i \ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QC i   :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFileBrownsville,Cameron  i  County,Texas:W12919 M\>, - " q \\ qMPanEvaporationFactor(_PFAC_) N\\?) y\ Gz?0.69Gz?N  0.69 ) y h  c\\PB@   Gz?0.69 Gz?\\ c  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) M\>,) y" q \\ qM_Snowmelt_ԀFactor(_SFAC_) ,\\ \ ,  0cmC1   I  B\\/!  \\ B  _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\9, " q \\ JMinimumDepthofEvaporation ?  А(_ANETD_) .\\\ .  32.5cm ?    B\\/!V \\ BN  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) ?  7-+V  \\ 7*\ dd d rtd r td (#(#,` dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ44 + Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasVegetable 8Q)QQQ 8Parameter 9/!B"Q 9Value BQ/!B" BSource >Q/!B "Q >MethodtoCalculateErosion J! (_ERFLAG_) 9/!^"Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!J#" B_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) >Q/!J$"Q >_USLE_ԀKFactor f% (_USLEK_) 9/!}&Q 90.32tons_EI_1* BQ/!f'" B    Takenfrom_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart f( (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) 5Q&!*z)"Q 5s_USLE_ԀLSFactor(_USLELS_) RH%*Q 333333?0.15333333?R0.15 cQPB%+" 333333?0.15 333333? c    Calculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978) %, equation:LS=((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+ - 0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slopelength,x=SLP/100 ]. andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m(default !q/ value)andm=0.3(EPA2004). 5Q&!50"Q 5W_USLE_ԀPFactor =!1 (_USLEP_) OET"2Q  ?1?O1 `QM?=!3"  ?1 ? `    contourplowingisnotcommondueto01%slope =!4 (consultedwithextensionagent)._PRZM_ԀManual "Q5 Table5.6(EPA,1998) 5Q&!"6"Q 5FieldArea $m7 (AFIELD) 0&4% 8Q 0172ha BQ/!$m9" BAreaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). 5Q&!$m:"Q 5_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_Ԁ(_IREG_) OE&!;Q  @3@O3 `QM?&!<"  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!&!="Q 5Slope(SLP) 0&'4#>Q 00.5% BQ/!'4#?" BFrom4  !O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/6!222  7 |E_Ԁofficialsoilseries '4#@ description(sloperange=01%) 5Q&!(#A"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&*P%BQ 0356(pond) *P%C 600(reservoir) BQ/!+g&D" B_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!*P%E"Q 5IrrigationFlag(_IRFLAG_) D:o,'FQ # D0 UQB4o,'G" #  UFrom_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) =QQQ*!o,'H"Q =*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!-)I QQQ +Ї* \ d  d` dd ` dd dd \ (#(#,A dd ,Fdd ,[dd +  +QQQ + Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasVegetable 8Q)dQQQ 8Parameter 9/!n"Q 9Value BQ/!n" BSource >Q/!n"Q >InitialCrop(_INICRP_) XN!Q  ?1?X1 `QM?"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(.EPA2004) 5Q&!"Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition  n (_ISCOND_) OE5  Q  @2@O2 `QM? n "  @2 @ `Consultedextensionagent,cropsarerotated  n       K 5Q&!5  Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops    (_NDC_) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? "  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerallyone 5Q&! "Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods  L  (_NCPDS_) PFc Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@ L "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata. 5Q&! L "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterception k  storageofcrop(_CINTCP_) 0&/ Q 00.25cm BQ/!k " B_PRZM_ԀManual(_Carsel_Ԁetal.,1998).Valuemaybe k  inconsistentwithdifferentvegetablescenarios /  becausetheyrepresentdifferenttypesofvegetables. 5Q&!C "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth K (_AMXDR_) 0&_Q 038.1cm BQ/!K" BConsultedextensionagent.Valuemaybe K inconsistentwithdifferentvegetablescenarios _ becausetheyrepresentdifferenttypesofvegetables. 5Q&!# "Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage +{! (_COVMAX_) 0&?"Q 080% BQ/!+{#" BConsultedextensionagent.Valueisnotconsistent +{$ withothervegetablescenariosbecausethey ?% representdifferenttypesofvegetables. 5Q&!&"Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfter  [' Harvest(_ICNAH_) OE(Q  @2@O2 `QM? [)"  @2 @ `Consultedextensionagent;cropsarerotated.  [* Ѐ_PRZM_ԀManual(_Carsel_Ԁetal.,1998) 5Q&!"r+"Q 5DateofCropEmergence z, (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) SI-Q @22290@S1/10/61 dQQCz." @22290 @ dConsultedextensionagent,_PRZM_ԀManual,Table z/ 5-19and4Q!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/6!   7"!ª_Ԁ 5Q&!>0"Q 5DateofCropMaturity 91 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) SIP2Q @22283@S1/3/61 XNC93" @22283 @ XConsultedextensionagent,_PRZM_ԀManual,Table 94 5-19and4Q!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/6!/   7"!]_Ԁ &Q5" &DateofCropHarvest(HAD,HAM, X 6 _IYRHAR_) 0&!l7Q 015/3/61 6,!X 8" 6Consultedextensionagent,_PRZM_ԀManual,Table X 9 5-19and4f!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/6b!v   7"!_ &Q!l:" &MaximumDryWeight(_WFMAX_) D:t";Q # D0.0 UQB4t"<" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&!t"="Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&#>Q 088,89,90 BQ/!#?" BGleamsManualTableH4,(HydrologicalsoilD), #@ Rowcrop,SR,good_hydrologic_Ԁconditions(USDA, $A 1990) 5Q&!T% B"Q 5ManningsNValue(_MNGN_) 0&&!CQ 0  .011. BQ/!&!D  B_RUSLE_ԀProject,TXGalveston,Onion &!E (T95ONONC) p'"F      5Q&!(#GQ 5_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_) 0&dQ 0.623.673.715 d .746.760.698 ( .813.816.806  .785.760.726 ` .692.590.666 $t .729 8  .782.824.857  O .801.902.901    .885.842.786    .742.699.697 K   .712.574 BQ/! _  B_RUSLE_ԀProject,TXGalveston,Onion d  (T95ONONC)1'%("  Q 1   `  *\ddA dd A Fdd F[dd [ \ (#(#, dd , dd , dd +  -m m  - Table4. PRZM3.12SoilParametersforHidalgo/CameronCounties,TexasVegetable ?0 !    ?Parameter 6,!+{ " 6Value 0+{ " 0VerificationSource 7(&+{ "   7TotalSoilDepth(CORED) $  $  180cm    3http://soils.usda.gov/(71inches)    NumberofHorizons(NHORIZ) $+ $  4 + (topHORIZNsplitin2) B  NRCSSoilDataMart + (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) "  "  First,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2,3) 5&$J  5HorizonThickness(THKNS) $ $10cm(HORIZN=1)  18cm(HORIZN=2)   61cm(HORIZN=3)    91cm(HORIZN=4) " 7! "NRCSSoilDataMart " (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) f#  :+)}$ :BulkDensity(BD) $?% $1.45gcm3(HORIZN=1) ?& 1.45gcm3(HORIZN=2) V' 1.40gcm3(HORIZN=3) m( 1.55gcm3(HORIZN=4) " ) " ,+) ,InitialWaterContent(THETO) $ ,* $0.39cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil  ,+ (HORIZN=14)  !, FieldCapacityvalues,PRZM  ,- ScenarioGuidance(2004) )!. )CompartmentThickness(DPN) $"H/ $0.1cm(HORIZN=1) "H0 3cm(HORIZN=2) $_1 1cm(HORIZN=3) &%v 2 1cm(HORIZN=4)  =&!3 PRZMScenarioGuidance(2004) "H4  )$_5 )FieldCapacity(THEFC) $'"6 $0.39cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil '"7 (HORIZN=14)  Y(#8 GLEAMSTableH3(1990) )'"9 )WiltingPoint(THEWP) $)%: $0.28cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil )%; (HORIZN=14)  u*%< GLEAMSTableH3(1990) +)%= +OrganicCarbonContent(OC) +d +1.2%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) d 1.2%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) {  0.9%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)   0.45%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) -  -_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart d (4 !O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);6Q!eIZN  7!_ ( Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC N  =0.6x%OrganicMatter(_Doucette_    2000)( t   (XXX SEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. i   _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated U  SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof A  ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. x  - EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance   forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions k  July2004. W  _Haan_,C.T.andB.J.Barfield.1978.HydrologyandSedimentologyofSurfaceMinedLands. m  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, Y Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. h      p      x  E NSFCenterforIntegratedPestManagement.2003a.CropProfileforCarrotsinTexas.  Informationfromthewebsite:4)@!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/TXcarrot.html67!KIZN  7 y_  NSFCenterforIntegratedPestManagement.2003b.CropProfileforOnionsinTexas. 7 Informationfromthewebsite:4)@!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/TXonions.html.6!IZN  7v!_ # NSFCenterforIntegratedPestManagement.2003c.CropProfileforCabbageinTexas. 9 Informationfromthewebsite:4)@!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/TXcabbage.html.6o!IZN  7!_ % USDA1997.OfficialSeriesDescription.HarlingenSeries.Informationfromthewebsite:  w 4 !O  5  _http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/H/HARLINGEN.html6!IZN  7 3_   !c USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G.Knisel.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. y# USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,TiftonGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD. e$ USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(RUSLE)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. & DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)andAgricultural '  ResearchService(ARS). ' ! USDA.2004.NaturalResourcesConservationService.SoilDataMart.Informationfrom )C"" website:4 |!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6u!IZN  7 _Ԁ */##  S,   `  -"&% Ї %   WASHINGTONBEANS n     ThefieldusedtorepresentbeanproductioninCentralWashingtonislocatedinGrant .~ CountyintheColumbiaBasin.Themeteorologicalfile,Yakima,WArepresentsthe_MLRA_ j regions7and8. BeansareplantedinearlysummerandharvestedinSeptember.Forthis  V scenario,_Ekrub_Ԁfinesandwasselectedasarepresentativesoiltypebecauseitsupportsbean  B crops._Ekrub_Ԁfinesandisa_hydrologic_ԀgroupCsoilthatisclassifiedassandyskeletal,mixed,  . _mesic_,shallowxeric_Haplodurids_.The_Ekrub_Ԁseriesofsoilsisshallow,somewhatexcessively   drained,formedin_eolian_Ԁsandsoverlyingalimesilicaindurated_duripan_.Thesesoilsoccuron   terraceswithslopesof0to25percent.ThissoiltypeoccursinSouthcentralWashingtonwhere    _itis_Ԁmostlyusedforrange(USDA1996).   *!"d d dd  dd  dd \(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  8% \  \  {8 XXXTable1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonBeans     Y\J/  {  qYParameter >\\/!i\ >Value B\\/!i"\\ BSource M\>,i" q \\ qMStartingDate e    O\\@|\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QCe  @@22281 @@\\ d  MeteorologicalFileYakima,GrantCounty, e Washington(W24243) H\9,)y" q \\ HEndingDate O\\@\ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QC  :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFileYakima,GrantCounty,  Washington(W24243) H\9'" \\ qHPanEvaporationFactor ( (_PFAC_) N\\?\ Q?0.71Q?N  0.71 ( 5  c\\PB?  Q?0.71 Q?\\ cj  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) (  M\>,?  q \\ qM_Snowmelt_ԀFactor ;! (_SFAC_) ,\\O"\ ,  0.36cmC1 ;# ?  B\\/!R$ \\ B  _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\9,;%" q \\ JMinimumDepthof & Evaporation(_ANETD_) .\\b'\ .  17.5cm (   B\\/!) \\ BG  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) * 7-++  \\ 7    + *#\$ddSd Std  td !"(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ + Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonBeans 8Q)+{QQQ 8Parameter 9/!"Q 9Value BQ/!" BSource >Q/!"Q >MethodtoCalculate - Erosion(_ERFLAG_) 9/! Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!-" B_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) >Q/!- "Q >_USLE_ԀKFactor  I  (_USLEK_) 9/! ` Q 90.28tons_EI_1* BQ/! I " B    Takenfrom_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart  I  (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) 5Q&! "Q 5_USLE_ԀLSFactor h  (_USLELS_) RH,| Q q= ףp?1.34q= ףp?R1.34 cQPBh " q= ףp?1.34 q= ףp? c    Calculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS= h  ((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slopelength, ,|  x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m(default @  value)andm=0.5(EPA2004). 5Q&! "Q 5z_USLE_ԀPFactor  \  (_USLEP_) QG#s Q ?0.5?Q0.5 bQOA \ " ?0.5 ? b    Basedonslopeandguidance(EPA2004) 5Q&! \ "Q 5FieldArea { (AFIELD) 0&Q 0172ha BQ/!{" BAreaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). 5Q&!{"Q 5_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ : (_IREG_) OEQ  @3@O3 `QM?: "  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!:!"Q 5Slope(SLP) 0&V"Q 06% BQ/!V#" BSincemaximumofsloperange(025%)is>12%,valueissetat V$ 6%forrowcrops(EPA2004). 5Q&!%"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&"r&Q 0600(reservoir) BQ/!"r'" B_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!"r("Q 5IrrigationFlag z) (_IRFLAG_) D:>*Q # D0 UQB4z+" #  UFrom_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) =QQQ*!z,"Q =*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!- QQQ +   -- *&\'d  ddd dd dd #\$(#(#, dd ,Fdd ,[dd +  +QQQ + Table3 .PRZM3.12CropParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonBeans 8Q)+{QQQ 8Parameter 9/!"Q 9Value BQ/!" BSource >Q/!"Q >InitialCrop(INICRP) XN!-Q  ?1?X1 `QM?-"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(.EPA2004) 5Q&!-"Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition 5   (ISCOND) OEL  Q  ?1?O1 `QM?5  "  ?1 ? `Consultedextensionagent,cropsarerotated 5        K 5Q&!L  Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops   (NDC) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? "  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerallyone 5Q&! "Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods c  (NCPDS) PF*z Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@c "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata. 5Q&!c "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterception   storageofcrop(CINTCP) 0&F Q 00.1cm BQ/! " BTakenfromORsnapbeansscenario. 5Q&! "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth  (AMXDR) 0&bQ 038cm BQ/!" BTakenfromORsnapbeansscenario 5Q&!"Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage   (COVMAX) 0&~Q 0100% BQ/!  " BTakenfromORsnapbeansscenario. 5Q&! !"Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfter &" Harvest(ICNAH) OE#Q  ?1?O1 `QM?&$"  ?1 ? `TakenfromORsnapbeansscenario. 5Q&!&%"Q 5DateofCropEmergence B& (EMD,EMM,IYREM) 0& Y'Q 016/6/61 BQ/!B(" BTakenfromORsnapbeansscenario. 5Q&!B)"Q 5DateofCropMaturity a* (MAD,MAM,IYRMAT) 0&x+Q 018/8/61 6,!a," 6TakenfromORsnapbeansscenario. &Qa-" &DateofCropHarvest(HAD,  . HAM,IYRHAR) SI/Q @22320@S2/9/61 XNC 0" @22320 @ XTakenfromORsnapbeansscenario. &Q 1" &MaximumDryWeight(WFMAX) D: <2Q # D0.0 UQB4 <3" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&! <4"Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&D"5Q 084,86,87 BQ/!D"6" BGleamsManualTableH4,(HydrologicalsoilC), D"7 SRConservationTillage/poor,Croppingand #X8 Residue=RowCropContour/good(USDA,1990) 5Q&!#9"Q 5ManningsNValue(MNGN) 0&$%t :Q 0.011.011.011 $%t ; .011.011.011 %8!< .011.011.011 &!= .011.011.011 p'"> .011.011.011 4(#? .011 (H$@ .011.011.011 *_%A .011.011.011 *#&B .011.011.011 +&C .011.011.011 BQ/![,'D BRUSLEProject(A04ONONC.dat)Onionfieldsin $%t E Centralia,WA %8!F      5Q&!&O"GQ 5USLECFactor(USLEC) 0&dQ 0.806.812.818 d  .822.827.831 ( .836.786.885  .887.869.829 ` .778.733.691 $t .666 8 .690.707.554  O .582.617.658    .702.735.759    .777.790.799 BQ/!K   BRUSLEProject(A04ONONC.dat)Onionfieldsin d  Centralia,WA1'%( "  Q 1*(\)dd dd Fdd F[dd [&\'(#(#,A dd ,` dd , dd +  (   ( Table4. PRZM3.12SoilParametersforEkrubfinesandinGrantCounty,WashingtonBeans 5& ]  5Parameter 6,!g " 6Value 0g " 0VerificationSource 2#!g " 2TotalSoilDepth(CORED) $  $  45cm    CNRCSSoilDataMart   (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/)    NumberofHorizons(NHORIZ) C9+  @3@C  3 <20+   @3 @ <NRCSSoilDataMart + (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) "  "F  First,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2,3) 5&$G  5HorizonThickness(THKNS) $O $8cm(HORIZN=1) O 22cm(HORIZN=2) f 15cm(HORIZN=3) " } "NRCSSoilDataMart O  (4*!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6l!   7!)_ c!  :+)*z" :BulkDensity(BD) %#  l  $<$ $1.45gcm3(HORIZN=1) %% 1.55gcm3(HORIZN=2) <& 1.55gcm3(HORIZN=3) " S' " ,q' ,InitialWaterContent(THETO) $[( $0.18cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil [) (HORIZN=1,2,3)  o* FieldCapacityvalues,PRZM [+ ScenarioGuidance(2004) )o, )CompartmentThickness(_DPN_) $w - $0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) w . 2cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) !/ 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)  "0 _PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) )w 1 )FieldCapacity(_THEFC_) $#M2 $0.18cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil #M3 (_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3)  $ 4 GLEAMSTableH3(1990) )#M5 )WiltingPoint(_THEWP_) $&i!6 $0.03cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil &i!7 (_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3)  &-"8 GLEAMSTableH3(1990) +&i!9 +OrganicCarbonContent(OC) +5(#: +0.15%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) -5(#; -_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart 5(#< (4+ !O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);6:!N   7!|_ (I$= Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC ) %> =0.6x%OrganicMatter(_Doucette_ *%? 2000)(E+&@  (XXX -(A ЇEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. ? _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated + SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof  ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.    EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance 1  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions  m July2004.XXX  Y #XXX$#_Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands.   OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, s  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. _  USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. - USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.  USDA.1996.OfficialSeriesDescription._Ekrub_ԀSeries.Informationfromthewebsite: G 4, !O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/osd/index.html6(!(1,  7 @(_Ԁ 3 USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural  ResearchService(ARS).  USDA.2004.NaturalResourcesConservationService.SoilDataMart.Informationfrom W website:4- |!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6R+!f+1,  7 +_Ԁ C   2!  %   WASHINGTONONIONS Gw,    h    .~   ThefieldusedtorepresentonionproductioninCentralWashingtonisrepresentativeofa m fieldinGrantcounty.Themeteorologicalfile,Yakima,WArepresentsthe_MLRA_Ԁregion7,8.  Y  Washingtonproduces16.2percentoftheU.S.drysummeronions,rankingthirdintheU.S. E  Washingtonstorageonionproductionis_primairly_ԀinthecentralpartofthestateinGrant, 1  Franklin,BentonandAdamscounties.Onionsarecoolseasoncropswhichcangrowinavariety  m ofsoiltypes.OnionsinGrantcountyaregrownin3to4yearrotationswithcarrots,sweetcorn,  Y cerealsandpotatoes.Onionsareplantedonbedsinmultiplerows(212).Seedsareplanted1/4  E  toinchdeep.Mostonionsareirrigated(NSF2003).Forthisscenario,_Ekrub_Ԁfinesandwas 1  selectedasarepresentativesoiltypebecauseitsupportsonioncrops._Ekrub_Ԁfinesandisa   _hydrologic_ԀgroupCsoilthatisclassifiedassandyskeletal,mixed,_mesic_,shallowxeric   _Haplodurids_.The_Ekrub_Ԁseriesofsoilsisshallow,somewhatexcessivelydrained,formedin   _eolian_Ԁsandsoverlyingalimesilicaindurated_duripan_.Thesesoilsoccuronterraceswithslopes   of0to25percent.ThissoiltypeoccursinSouthcentralWashingtonwhereitismostlyusedfor } range(USDA1996). i */0d dA dd A ` dd ` dd (\)(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  8%77 {8 XXXTable1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonOnions    Y\J/  {  qY6Parameter >\\/!D\ >Value B\\/!D"\\ BSource M\>,D" q \\ qMStartingDate O\\@@\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QC@  @@22281 @@\\ d7  MeteorologicalFileYakima,GrantCounty, @ Washington(W24243) M\>,T" q \\ qMEndingDate O\\@P\ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QCP  :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFileYakima,GrantCounty, P Washington(W24243) M\>,d" q \\ qMPanEvaporationFactor `  (_PFAC_) N\\?$ t!\ Q?0.71Q?N  0.71 `" ;  c\\PBw #  Q?0.71 Q?\\ cM;  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) M\>,`$" q \\ qM;_Snowmelt_ԀFactor !% (_SFAC_) ,\\"&\ ,  0.36cmC1 !'  =  B\\/!"*( \\ BP=  _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\9,!)" q \\ J=MinimumDepthof &$v* Evaporation(_ANETD_ .\\$: +\ .  17.5cm &$v, >  B\\/!=% - \\ B?  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) &$v. r?7-+=% /  \\ 7   `  T&!/ *1\2ddSd Std  td /0(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ + Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonOnions 8Q)+{QQQ 8Parameter 9/!"Q 9Value BQ/!" BSource >Q/!"Q >MethodtoCalculate - Erosion(_ERFLAG_) 9/! Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!-" B_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) >Q/!- "Q >_USLE_ԀKFactor  I  (_USLEK_) 9/! ` Q 90.28tons_EI_1* BQ/! I " B    Takenfrom_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart  I  (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) 5Q&! "Q 5\E_USLE_ԀLSFactor h  (_USLELS_) RH,| Q q= ףp?1.34q= ףp?R1.34 cQPBh " q= ףp?1.34 q= ףp? c    Calculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS= h  ((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slopelength, ,|  x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m(default @  value)andm=0.5(EPA2004). 5Q&! "Q 5TG_USLE_ԀPFactor  \  (_USLEP_) QG#s Q ?0.5?Q0.5 bQOA \ " ?0.5 ? b    _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.6(EPA,1998).Onionstypicallygrown  \  inrowsonraisedbeds 5Q&! "Q 5JFieldArea { (AFIELD) 0&Q 0172ha BQ/!{" BAreaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). 5Q&!{"Q 5_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ : (_IREG_) OE Q  @3@O3 `QM?:!"  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!:""Q 5Slope(SLP) 0&V#Q 06% BQ/!V$" BSincemaximumofsloperange(025%)is>12%,valueissetat V% 6%forrowcrops(EPA2004). 5Q&!&"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&"r'Q 0600(reservoir) BQ/!"r(" B_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!"r)"Q 5IrrigationFlag z* (_IRFLAG_) D:>+Q # D0 UQB4z," #  UFrom_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) =QQQ*!z-"Q =*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!. QQQ +   -. *4\5Fd  ddd dd dd 1\2(#(#, dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ + Table3 .PRZM3.12CropParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonOnions 8Q)+{QQQ 8Parameter 9/!"Q 9Value BQ/!" BSource >Q/!"Q >InitialCrop(INICRP) XN!-Q  ?1?X1 `QM?-"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(EPA2004) 5Q&!-"Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition 5   (ISCOND) OEL  Q  ?1?O1 `QM?5  "  ?1 ? `Consultedextensionagent,cropsarerotated 5          X     5Q&!L  Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops   (NDC) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? "  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerallyone 5Q&! "Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods c  (NCPDS) PF*z Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@c "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata. 5Q&!c "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterception   storageofcrop(CINTCP) 0&F Q 00.05cm BQ/! " BTakenfromCAonionscenario.Withinrangeof   Table5.4ofPRZMManual. 5Q&!F "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth  (AMXDR) 0&bQ 035cm BQ/!" BTakenfromCAonionscenario. 5Q&!"Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage   (COVMAX) 0&~ Q 080% BQ/! !" BTakenfromCAonionscenario. 5Q&! ""Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfter &# Harvest(ICNAH) OE$Q  ?1?O1 `QM?&%"  ?1 ? `TakenfromCAonionscenario. 5Q&!&&"Q 5DateofCropEmergence B' (EMD,EMM,IYREM) SI Y(Q @22286@S1/6/61 dQQCB)" @22286 @ dOregonStateUniversityExtensionandExperiment B* Station + http://eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/edmat/html/pnw54 z, 6/pnw546.html#anchor256349 5Q&!>-"Q 5DateofCropMaturity . (MAD,MAM,IYRMAT) 0&/Q 030/8/61 6,!0" 6OregonStateUniversityExtensionandExperiment 1 Station Z2 http://eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/edmat/html/pnw54 n3 6/pnw546.html#anchor256349 &Q24" &DateofCropHarvest(HAD, :!5 HAM,IYRHAR) SI!N6Q @22562@S10/9/61 XNC:!7" @22562 @ XOregonStateUniversityExtensionandExperiment :!8 Station !N9 http://eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/edmat/html/pnw54 ": 6/pnw546.html#anchor256349 &Q#;" &MaximumDryWeight $. < (WFMAX) D:% =Q # D0.0 UQB4$. >" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&!$. ?"Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&&J"@Q 084,86,87 BQ/!&J"A" BGleamsManualTableH4,(HydrologicalsoilC), &J"B SRConservationTillage/poor,Croppingand '#C Residue=RowCropContour/good(USDA,1990) 5Q&!(#D"Q 5ManningsNValue(_MNGN_) 0&)*%EQ 0  .011 BQ/!)*%F  BRUSLEProject(A04ONONC.dat)Onionfieldsin )*%G Centralia,WA *%H      5Q&!+'IQ 5USLECFactor(USLEC) 0&dQ 0.806.812.818 d .822.827.831 (  .836.786.885  .887.869.829 ` .778.733.691 $t .666 8 .690.707.554  O .582.617.658    .702.735.759    .777.790.799 BQ/!K   BRUSLEProject(A04ONONC.dat)Onionfieldsin d  Centralia,WA1'%( "  Q 1*6\7dFd dd dd dd 4\5(#(#,Sdd ,N dd , dd +  (   ( Table4. PRZM3.12SoilParametersforEkrubfinesand,GrantCounty,WashingtonOnions 5& ]  5Parameter 6,!g " 6Value 0g " 0VerificationSource 2#!g " 2TotalSoilDepth   (CORED) $  $  45cm    mNRCSSoilDataMart   (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/)    NumberofHorizons + (NHORIZ) C9  @3@C  3 <20+   @3 @ <NRCSSoilDataMart + (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) "  "n  First,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2,3) 5&$G  5HorizonThickness O (THKNS) $c $8cm(HORIZN=1) O  22cm(HORIZN=2) f! 15cm(HORIZN=3) " }" "NRCSSoilDataMart O# (48ds!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6Yp!mp  7 !p)_ c$  :+)*z% :BulkDensity(BD) %&  l  $<' $1.45gcm3(HORIZN=1) %( 1.55gcm3(HORIZN=2) <) 1.55gcm3(HORIZN=3) " S* " ,q* ,InitialWaterContent [+ (THETO) $o, $0.18cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(HORIZN=1,2,3)  [- FieldCapacityvalues,PRZM [. ScenarioGuidance(2004) )o/ )CompartmentThickness w 0 (DPN) $;!1 $0.1cm(HORIZN=1) w 2 2cm(HORIZN=2) !3 5cm(HORIZN=3)  "4 PRZMScenarioGuidance(2004) )w 5 )FieldCapacity(THEFC) $#M6 $0.18cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(HORIZN=1,2,3)  #M7 GLEAMSTableH3(1990) )#M8 )WiltingPoint(THEWP) $U% 9 $0.03cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil(HORIZN=1,2,3)  U% : GLEAMSTableH3(1990) +U% ; +OrganicCarbonContent &!< (OC) +q'"= +0.15%(HORIZN=1,2,3) -&!> -NRCSSoilDataMart &!? (49 !O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);6w!w  7! x_ q'"@ Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC 5(#A =0.6x%OrganicMatter(_Doucette_ (I$B 2000)() %C  (XXXEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. ,k'D _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated -W(E SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof -C)F ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.  EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance .~ forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions j July2004.XXX  V #XXXZ}#_Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands.   OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, p  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. \  ̀NSFCenterforIntegratedPestManagement.2003.CropProfileforOnionsinWashington. *  Informationfromthewebsite:4:)@!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/WAonions.html.6!  7!_   USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. D  USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD. 0 USDA.1996.OfficialSeriesDescription._Edrub_ԀSeries.Informationfromthewebsite:  4; !O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/osd/index.html6!  7 @ς_Ԁ  USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. h DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural T ResearchService(ARS). @ USDA.2004.NaturalResourcesConservationService.SoilDataMart.Informationfrom n website:4< |!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6^!rX  7 _  Z  % #  WASHINGTONORCHARD m  h  .~   ThefieldusedtorepresentorchardproductioninCentralWashingtonisrepresentativeof   afieldinGrantcounty,locatedintheColumbiaBasin.Themeteorologicalfile,Yakima,WA   representsthe_MLRA_Ԁregion7,8. Washingtonproduces53percentofU.S.apples,rankingfirst   intheU.S.AppleproductioninthestateofWashingtonoccursprimarilyinthreeregions: p  YakimaBasin,NorthCentral,andColumbiaBasin.Varioustypesofapples,includingred \  delicious,goldendelicious,pinklady,grannysmith,andmorearegrowninorchardsin H  Washington(NSF2001).TauntonsiltloamchosenfromGrantcounty.Thissoilwaschosen 4  overthe_Scoon_Ԁsiltloameventhoughmoreorchardcropsaregrowninthe_Scoon_Ԁsoil,sincedata  p  areavailablefordeeperdepths.Thisisappropriateduetothelargemaximumrootingdepthof  \  applesandcherrytrees.Tauntonsiltloamisa_hydrologic_ԀgroupCsoilthatisclassifiedascoarse H  loamy,mixed,_superactive_,_mesic_Ԁxeric_Haplodurids_.TheTauntonseriesofsoilsismoderately 4 deepto_duripan_,welldrainedsoilsformedinalluvium.Thesesoilsoccuronterracesandbasalt   plains,fanterracesandmesaswithslopesof0to45percent.ThissoiltypeoccursinSouth   centralWashington,northcentralOregonandSouthernIdahowhereitisusedforlivestock  grazingandirrigatedcropproduction(USDA2001).     `     h    # *=>d dSdd SN dd N dd 6\7(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  8%bb {8 XXXTable1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonOrchard     Y\J/#  {  qYParameter >\\/!o\ >Value B\\/!o"\\ BSource M\>,o" q \\ qMStartingDate O\\@k\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QCk  @@22281 @@\\ d?  MeteorologicalFileYakima,GrantCounty, k Washington(W24243) M\>,/" q \\ qMEndingDate O\\@{\ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QC{  :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFileYakima,GrantCounty, {  Washington(W24243) H\9,? !" q \\ HPanEvaporationFactor !" (_PFAC_) N\\?O"#\ Q?0.71Q?N  0.71 !$   c\\PB"%  Q?0.71 Q?\\ cʕ  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) H\9'!&" \\ qHI_Snowmelt_ԀFactor #>' (_SFAC_) ,\\$ (\ ,  0.16cmC1 #>)   B\\/!%U * \\ Bȗ  _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\\9,#>+" q \\ J&MinimumDepthof Q&!, Evaporation(_ANETD_) .\\\'e"-\\ .  17.5cm Q&!. U  B\\\/!h'"/ \\\ B  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) Q&!0 7-+h'"1  \\\ 7   `  (#1 *?\@ddSd Std  td =>(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ + Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonOrchard 8Q)+{QQQ 8Parameter 9/!"Q 9Value BQ/!" BSource >Q/!"Q >MethodtoCalculate - Erosion(_ERFLAG_) 9/! Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!-" B_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) >Q/!- "Q >_USLE_ԀKFactor  I  (_USLEK_) 9/! ` Q 90.55tons_EI_1* BQ/! I " B    Takenfrom_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart  I  (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) 5Q&! "Q 5֟_USLE_ԀLSFactor h  (_USLELS_) RH,| Q  ףp= @3.63 ףp= @R3.63 cQPBh "  ףp= @3.63  ףp= @ c    Calculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS= h  ((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slopelength, ,|  x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m(default @  value)andm=0.5(EPA2004). 5Q&! "Q 5Ρ_USLE_ԀPFactor  \  (_USLEP_) QG#s Q ?1.0?Q1.0 bQOA \ " ?1.0 ? b    _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.6(EPA,1998) 5Q&! \ "Q 5FieldArea { (AFIELD) 0&Q 0172ha BQ/!{" BAreaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). 5Q&!{"Q 5_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ : (_IREG_) OEQ  @3@O3 `QM?: "  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!:!"Q 5Slope(SLP) 0&V"Q 012% BQ/!V#" BSincemaximumofsloperange(045%)is>12%,valueissetat V$ 12%fororchardcrops(EPA2004). 5Q&!%"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&"r&Q 0600(reservoir) BQ/!"r'" B_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!"r("Q 5IrrigationFlag z) (_IRFLAG_) D:>*Q # D0 UQB4z+" #  UFrom_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) 5Q&!z,"Q 5IrrigationType - (_IRTYP_) 0&Z.Q 0Notapplicable FQ3!/" F FQ72 +3"((3Q FLeachingFactor 4 (_FLEACH_) 0&v 5Q 0Notapplicable E0!6" E /Q N6 /FractionofWater !7 Capacitywhen "8 IrrigationisApplied V#9 (_PCDEPL_) 0&$j:Q 0Notapplicable E0!!;" E /Q j!; /MaximumRateat r% < whichIrrigationis 6&!= Applied(_RATEAP_) 0&&J">Q 0Notapplicable E0!r% ?" E 7QQQ$%^ ? 7*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!R(#@  QQQ +   `  )$@ *B\Cd ddd dd dd ?\@(#(#, dd ,Fdd ,[dd +  +QQQ + Table3 .PRZM3.12CropParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonOrchard 8Q)+{QQQ 8Parameter 9/!"Q 9Value BQ/!" BSource >Q/!"Q >InitialCrop(INICRP) XN!-Q  ?1?X1 `QM?-"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(.EPA2004) 5Q&!-"Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition 5   (ISCOND) OEL  Q  @3@O3 `QM?5  "  @3 @ `Consultedextensionagent,cropsarerotated 5        K 5Q&!L  Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops   (NDC) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? "  ?1 ? `BasedonORapplescenario. 5Q&! "Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods c  (NCPDS) PF*z Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@c "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata. 5Q&!c "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterception   storageofcrop(CINTCP) 0&F Q 00.25cm BQ/! " BBasedonORapplescenario. 5Q&! "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth  (AMXDR) 0&bQ 068cm BQ/!" BSettomaximumsoildepth.Rootsmaygrowupto  20feet(ORApple). 5Q&!b"Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage   (COVMAX) PF~ Q  R@75R@P75 aQN@ !"  R@75 R@ aBasedonORapplescenario.Parametervaluemay  " beinconsistentwithdifferentapplescenariosdueto ~# differentsources. 5Q&!B$"Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfter % Harvest(ICNAH) OE^&Q  @3@O3 `QM?'"  @3 @ `BasedonORapplescenario. 5Q&!("Q 5DateofCropEmergence ) (EMD,EMM,IYREM) SI*Q @22284@S1/4/61 dQQC+" @22284 @ dBasedonORapplescenario. ,  5Q&!-"Q 5DateofCropMaturity %u. (MAD,MAM,IYRMAT) 0&</Q 030/4/61 6,!%u0" 6BasedonORapplescenario. &Q%u1" &DateofCropHarvest(HAD, 2 HAM,IYRHAR) 0&X 3Q 031/10/61 6,!4" 6BasedonORapplescenario. &Q5" &MaximumDryWeight(WFMAX) D:!6Q # D0.0 UQB4!7" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&!!8"Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&#X9Q 079,82,84 BQ/!#X:" BGleamsManualTableH4,(HydrologicalsoilC) #X; (USDA,1990) 5Q&!#<"Q 5ManningsNValue(_MNGN_) RH$%t =Q {Gz?.040{Gz?R  .040 cQPB$%t >  {Gz?.040 {Gz? c_RUSLE_ԀProject(B060FOFN.dat) $%t ?      5Q&!;&!@Q 5USLECFactor(USLEC) 0&dQ 0.004.005.006 d .006.009.010 ( .011.011.011  .010.009.008 ` .006.005.005 $t .005 8 .005.005.005  O .005.002.003     .003.003 BQ/!   BRUSLEProject(B060FOFN.dat)1'%d "  Q 1*D\Edd dd Fdd F[dd [B\C(#(#,Sdd ,N dd , dd +  - 5  5  - Table4. PRZM3.12SoilParametersforTauntonsiltloam,GrantCounty,WashingtonOrchard ?0 I    ?Parameter 6,! " 6Value 0 " 0VerificationSource 7(& "   7TotalSoilDepth K  (CORED) $  $  68cm K   NRCSSoilDataMart K  (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/)    NumberofHorizons g (NHORIZ) C9+  @4@C  4 <20g   @4 @ <NRCSSoilDataMart g (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) " + "  First,Second,Third,andFourthSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2,3,4) 5&$3  5HorizonThickness  (THKNS) $O $10cm(HORIZN=1)  10cm(HORIZN=2)  28cm(HORIZN=3)    20cm(HORIZN=4) "  ! "NRCSSoilDataMart " (4F!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6N!b"  7!) O#  :+)f$VN :BulkDensity(BD) (x%  l  $?& $1.25gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) (x' 1.25gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) ?( 1.40gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) V) 1.40gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) " m* " ,* ,InitialWaterContent + (_THETO_) $ , $0.32cm3H20cm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3)  - FieldCapacityvalues,_PRZM_ . ScenarioGuidance(2004) ) / )CompartmentThickness !10 (_DPN_) $"1 $0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) !12 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) "H3 4cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) $_4 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4)  &%v 5 _PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) )!16 )FieldCapacity(_THEFC_) $~&!7 $0.32cm3H20cm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3, ~&!8 4)  B'"9 GLEAMSTableH3(1990) )~&!: )WiltingPoint(_THEWP_) $(#; $0.12cm3H20cm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3, (#< 4)  ^)$= GLEAMSTableH3(1990) +(#> +OrganicCarbonContent d (OC) +( +0.45%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) d 0.45%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) { 0.15%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)    0.15%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4)     -"   -_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart d  (4G !O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);6!/   7!]_ (  Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC N  =0.6x%OrganicMatter(_Doucette_   2000)( t  (XXXEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr.  _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated l  SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof X ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. D  EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance `  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions L  July2004. 8 _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands.  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,   Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. ! NSFCenterforIntegratedPestManagement.2001.CropProfileforApplesinWashington. n % Informationfromthewebsite:4H)@!O  5  _http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/WAApples.html.6!   7!_ Z& USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. v* USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.  b+ USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. B#/ DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural .$0 ResearchService(ARS). %1 USDA.2001.OfficialSeriesDescription.TauntonSeries.Informationfromthewebsite: '6 5 4I !O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/osd/index.html6!   7 @"_Ԁ ("!6 USDA.2004.NaturalResourcesConservationService.SoilDataMart.Informationfrom +#: website:4J |!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6x!  7 _Ԁ +$;  --%= Ї  % %  WASHINGTONPOTATO li    h  ?    `      ThefieldusedtorepresentpotatoproductioninCentralWashingtonislocatedinGrant m CountyintheColumbiaBasin.Themeteorologicalfile,Yakima,WArepresentsthe_MLRA_ Y  regions7and8. Potatoesareplantedinthespringandharvestedinthesummerandfall. E  CommonpotatovarietiesgrowninWashingtonincluderussets,whicharegrownforfrenchfries 1   andfreshmarket.Othervarietiesincludeyellow,redandbluepotatoes(_WSPC_Ԁ2004).Forthis  m  scenario,_Scoon_Ԁsiltloamwasselectedasarepresentativesoiltypebecauseitsupportspotato  Y  cropsinGrantcountyinWashington._Scoon_Ԁsiltloamisa_hydrologic_ԀgroupDsoilthatis  E  classifiedasloamy,mixed,_superactive_,_mesic_ԀandshallowXeric_Haplodurids_.The_Scoon_Ԁseries 1  ofsoilsisshallowtoa_duripan_,welldrained,andformedinloessandsiltyalluviumovera   _duripan_.Thesesoilsoccuronterracesandalluvialfanswithslopesof0to30percent.Thissoil   typeoccursontheinSouthcentralWashingtonandSouthernIdahoandismostlyusedfor   irrigatedcropproductionandrange(USDA2001).   *LMd dSdd SN dd N dd D\E(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  8%__ {8 XXXTable1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonPotato    Y\J/   {  qYParameter >\\/!l\ >Value B\\/!l"\\ BSource M\>,l" q \\ qMStartingDate O\\@h\ @@22281@@O  January1,1961 d\\QCh  @@22281 @@\\ di  MeteorologicalFileYakima,GrantCounty, h Washington(W24243) M\>,,|" q \\ qMEndingDate O\\@x \ :@33237:@O  December31,1990 d\\QCx!  :@33237 :@\\ dMeteorologicalFileYakima,GrantCounty, x" Washington(W24243) M\>,<#" q \\ qMPanEvaporationFactor $ (_PFAC_) N\\?L%\ Q?0.71Q?N  0.71 &   c\\PB(  Q?0.71 Q?\\ c  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) M\>,)" q \\ qMx_Snowmelt_ԀFactor ;* (_SFAC_) ,\\ +\ ,  0.36cmC1 ;,   B\\/!!R. \\ B  _PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\\9,;/" q \\ JZMinimumDepthof N"0 Evaporation(_ANETD_) .\\\#b1\\ .  17.5cm N"2   B\\\/!e#4 \\\ B  _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) N"5 7-+e#7  \\\ 7  |$7 *N\OddSd Std  td LM(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ + Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonPotato 8Q)+{QQQ 8Parameter 9/!"Q 9Value BQ/!" BSource >Q/!"Q >MethodtoCalculate - Erosion(_ERFLAG_) 9/! Q 94(MUSS) BQ/!- " B_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) >Q/!- "Q >_USLE_ԀKFactor  I  (_USLEK_) 9/! ` Q 90.55tons_EI_1* BQ/! I" B    Takenfrom_NRCS_ԀSoilDataMart  I (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) 5Q&! "Q 5_USLE_ԀLSFactor h  (_USLELS_) RH,| Q q= ףp?1.34q= ףp?R1.34 cQPBh " q= ףp?1.34 q= ףp? c    Calculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS= h  ((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slopelength, ,|  x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m(default @  value)andm=0.5(EPA2004). 5Q&! "Q 5_USLE_ԀPFactor  \  (_USLEP_) QG#s Q ?0.5?Q0.5 bQOA \ " ?0.5 ? b    Basedonslopeandguidance(EPA2004) 5Q&! \ "Q 54FieldArea { (AFIELD) 0&Q 0172ha BQ/!{ " BAreaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). 5Q&!{!"Q 5_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ :" (_IREG_) OE#Q  @3@O3 `QM?:$"  @3 @ `_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) 5Q&!:%"Q 5Slope(SLP) 0&V&Q 06% BQ/!V'" BSincemaximumofsloperange(030%)is>12%,valueissetat V( 6%forrowcrops(EPA2004). 5Q&!)"Q 5HydraulicLength(HL) 0&"r*Q 0600m "r+ (reservoir) BQ/!6," B_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA2004) 5Q&!"r-"Q 5IrrigationFlag >. (_IRFLAG_) D:R/Q # D0 UQB4>0" #  UFrom_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(2004) 5Q&!>1"Q 5IrrigationType Z2 (_IRTYP_) 0&n3Q 0Notapplicable FQ3!Z4" F FQ72!;"((gQ FLeachingFactor v < (_FLEACH_) 0&:!=Q 0Notapplicable E0!v >" E /Q  b> /FractionofWater "? Capacitywhen V#@ IrrigationisApplied $jA (_PCDEPL_) 0&$. BQ 0Notapplicable E0!"C" E /Q ."~C /MaximumRateat 6&!D whichIrrigationis &J"E Applied(_RATEAP_) 0&'#FQ 0Notapplicable E0!6&!G" E 7QQQ$%"!G 7*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+!)f$H  QQQ +   ]*%H *R\Sd ddd dd dd N\O(#(#,A dd ,dd ,dd +  +QQQ + Table3 .PRZM3.12CropParametersforGrantCounty,WashingtonPotato 8Q)+{QQQ 8Parameter 9/!"Q 9Value BQ/!" BSource >Q/!"Q >InitialCrop(INICRP) XN!-Q  ?1?X1 `QM?-"  ?1 ? `Settooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) 5Q&!- "Q 5InitialSurfaceCondition 5   (ISCOND) OEL  Q  ?1?O1 `QM?5  "  ?1 ? `Consultedextensionagent,cropsarerotated 5        5Q&!L Q 5NumberofDifferentCrops   (NDC) OE Q  ?1?O1 `QM? "  ?1 ? `Settocropsinsimulationgenerallyone 5Q&! "Q 5NumberofCroppingPeriods c  (NCPDS) PF*z Q  >@30>@P30 aQN@c "  >@30 >@ aSettoweatherdata. 5Q&!c "Q 5Maximumrainfallinterception   storageofcrop(CINTCP) 0&F Q 00.1cm BQ/! " BPRZMManual(Carseletal.,1998) 5Q&! "Q 5MaximumActiveRootDepth  (AMXDR) 0&b Q 030cm BQ/!!" BConsultedextensionagent " Consistentwithmedianvalue(1545cm)(Table59. $ EPA1998).Parametervaluemaybeinconsistent y% withdifferentpotatoscenariosduetodifferent =& sources. 5Q&!Q'"Q 5MaximumCanopyCoverage Y( (COVMAX) PFm)Q  D@40D@P40 aQN@Y*"  D@40 D@ aConsultedextensionagent 5Q&!Y+"Q 5SoilSurfaceConditionAfter u, Harvest(ICNAH) OE9-Q  @3@O3 `QM?u."  @3 @ `PRZMManual(Carseletal.,1998) 5Q&!u/"Q 5DateofCropEmergence 0 (EMD,EMM,IYREM) SI2Q @@22285@@S1/5/61 hQUC3" @@22285 @@ hfPRZMMannual,Table5-19and 4 4]!O  5  _http://www.potatoes.com/GrowingPotatoes.cfm?Sect A5 ion=Growing-Growing.cfm6!  7ng_ A6 Consultedextensionagent D8 fP31 FQ72G:"Q FDateofCropMaturity P; (MAD,MAM,IYRMAT) 0&,=Q 015/9/61 :0!P>" : Q >  DateofCropHarvest(HAD,HAM, 4!? IYRHAR) SI! @Q @22290@S1/10/61 \RC4!A" @22290 @ \ Q  A  MaximumDryWeight(WFMAX) D:#eBQ # D0.0 UQB4#eC" #  USetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 5Q&!#eD"Q 5SCSCurveNumber(CN) 0&m$EQ 091,89,90 BQ/!m$F" BGleamsManualTableH4,(HydrologicalsoilD) m$G (USDA,1990) 5Q&!$F H"Q 5ManningsNValue(MNGN) 0&N&!IQ 0  .014. BQ/!N&!J  B_RUSLE_ԀProject(A04PIPC.dat) N&!K     5Q&!*'z"MQ 5USLECFactor(USLEC) 0&(#NQ 0.741.753.764 (#O .774.784.795  )[$P .805.750.757 )$Q .858.880.811 *m%R .582.389.290 *%S .125 /+&T .055.050.188  ,['V .486.520.582 ,'W .630.666.694 -m(X .713.729 BQ/!-(Y B RUSLEProject(A04PIPC.dat)1'%(#Z"  Q 1Ї *T\UddA dd A dd dd R\S(#(#,Sdd ,N dd , dd +  ( ( Table4. PRZM3.12SoilParametersforScoonsiiltloam,GrantCounty,WashingtonPotato 5&d 5Parameter 6,!n" 6Value 0n" 0VerificationSource 2#!n" 2TotalSoilDepth  (CORED) $O $  40cm   *4V#!O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/6*!*  7 +_ԀNote:Only  upper16inchesofsoilhaddataon O  physicalproperties.  (  NumberofHorizons 0   (NHORIZ) C9    @3@C  3 <200     @3 @ <NRCSSoilDataMart 0  (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) "   ",  First,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2,3) 5&$ a  5HorizonThickness i  (THKNS) $ B  $10cm(HORIZN=1) i  5cm(HORIZN=2) E  25cm(HORIZN=3) " !q  "NRCSSoilDataMart i  (4W95!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6.!.  7)Е!%/)_  B   :+) __ :BulkDensity(BD) $y  $1.25gcm3(HORIZN=1) y  1.25gcm3(HORIZN=2) U  1.4gcm3(HORIZN=3) " 1 ! " ,e ! ,InitialWaterContent " (THETO) $b# $0.32cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil  $ FieldCapacityvalues,PRZM % ScenarioGuidance(2004) )b& )CompartmentThickness j' (DPN) $C( $0.1cm(HORIZN=1) j) 5cm(HORIZN=2) F+ 5cm(HORIZN=3)  "r- PRZMScenarioGuidance(2004) )j. )FieldCapacity(THEFC) $z/ $0.32cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil  z0 GLEAMSTableH3(1990),NRCS z1 SoilDataMart S2 (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) )3 )WiltingPoint(THEWP) $44 $0.12cm3H20_cm3_Ԁsoil  45 GLEAMSTableH3(1990),NRCS 46 SoilDataMart m7 (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/) +F8 +OrganicCarbonContent N9 (OC) +': +0.45%(HORIZN=1,2) N; 0.15%(HORIZN=3) -*z= -NRCSSoilDataMart N> (4X !O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/);66!6  7! 7_ '? Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC `@ =0.6x%OrganicMatter(_Doucette_ 9A 2000)(rB  (XXXXXXXXXEPA.1998.Carsel,R.F.,J.C.Imhoff,P.R.Hummel,J.M.Cheplick,andA.S.Donigian,Jr. Z!D PRZM3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated !OE SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof "F ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. x  I#G   #XXXXXX8#EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance $6 J forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions % K July2004. 0&!L XXX#XXX;#_Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. (T#P OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, (#Q Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. N)$R WashingtonStatePotatoCommission.2004.Informationfromthewebsite: >+&V http://_www.potatoes.com_/_GrowingPotatoes.cfm?Section_=Growing-_Growing.cfm_. +3'W USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. -#)[ USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.  USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural E ResearchService(ARS). : USDA.2001.OfficialSeriesDescription._Scoon_ԀSeries.Informationfromthewebsite:  *  4Y !O  5  _http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/osd/index.html6A!A  7 @B_Ԁ    USDA.2004.NaturalResourcesConservationService.SoilDataMart.Informationfrom o  website:4Z |!O  5  _http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.6iC!}C  7 C_Ԁ