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L  Metadataistheinformationusedbyavarietyofgroupstodesign,create,describe,preserve,and 8  useinformationresourcesandsystems.Thecrucial,nonpesticidespecificelementsofeach $ t PesticideRootZoneModel(PRZM)fieldandorchardscenarioisrecordedasameansof  ` preservinganauthoritativeandreproduciblerecordofthedesign,construct,andsourceofeach  L  elementofthescenario.  8  #X@XXX@l#X@XXX@  #X@XXX@# X@XXX@  #X@XXX@W#X@XXX@Ingeneral,theinformationassembledtocreatedeachscenariowillhavethreebasic   features:content,context,andstructure;allofwhicharereflectedthroughmetadata.Thedata   contentrelatestowhateachscenariocontainsorisaboutandisintrinsictothefieldororchard   beingmodeled.Contentreflectstheelementbywhichthedesignerauthenticatesandcompletes   thecontentofthefieldororchardscenario.Forexample,contentisthedateofacrops p maturation,theorganiccontentofaparticularsoil,ortherateatwhichsnowmeltsinthelocation \ ofthescenario.Contextsarethoseaspectsassociatedwiththescenarioscreation,suchasthe H howorfromwherethesoilcharacteristicswereselected,wheretheweatherstationislocated,or 4 whatcroppingpracticeswerechosenandwhy.Thestructurerelatestotheassociationswithin  p andamongtheindividualparametersthatmakeupthescenario.Anexampleofthestructure  \ wouldbetherelationshipofthedepthofthetotalsoilprofiletotheindividualsoilhorizons.All H threeaspectsofmetadataareessentialcomponentsofascenarioandhavebeencapturedand 4 describedinfollowingpages.   #X@XXX@#X@XXX@#X@XXX@#X@XXX@  Inshort,inanenvironmentwhereimmediateaccesstounderlyinginformationusedto  governtheconstructofaPRZMfieldororchardscenario,metadata:  #X@XXX@#X@XXX@ (83#X@XXX@#          (88" "  X@XXX@ '2  3      #X@XXX@T#X@XXX@Ԁcertifiestheauthenticityanddegreeofcompletenessofthescenarioscontent; 's݌ l Ќ  #X@XXX@#" "  X@XXX@ 2  3      #X@XXX@#X@XXX@Ԁestablishesanddocumentsthecontextofthescenarioscontent; ݌ X  Ќ  #X@XXX@#" "  X@XXX@ N2  3      #X@XXX@{#X@XXX@Ԁidentifiesthestructuralrelationshipsthatexistbetweenandwithinaparameterofthe D!   scenario; N݌ 0"  Ќ  #X@XXX@#" "  X@XXX@  2  3      #X@XXX@F #X@XXX@Ԁprovidesanaccesspointforadiverserangeofusersofthescenario;and  e ݌ #l! Ќ  #X@XXX@ #" "  X@XXX@ !2  3      #X@XXX@!#X@XXX@Ԁassembleselectronicallytheinformationthedevelopermighthaveordinarilyprovided $X" in  aphysicalreference. !!݌ $D # Ќ  #X@XXX@s"#X@XXX@#X@XXX@##X@XXX@  ThefollowingdescriptionsofeachPRZMfieldandorchardscenariousedinthe &"% assessmentofdrinkingwaterexposuresderivedfromsurfacewatersourcesreflectthebasic '#& principlesofestablishingadministrativeanddescriptive metadata.However,itremains (#' vitallyimportanttounderstandthatmetadataisthe dataaboutthedataandactingasumbrellas )$( tothisinformationaretheestablishedAgencyproceduresforensuringthequalityofthat |*%) information.ThisisaccomplishedthroughthebasictenantsofQualityAssuranceandQuality h+&* Controlintheselectionofparametersthatconstitutesthefieldandorchardscenario. T,'+  @-(,   Thesescenariosweredevelopedspecificallyfortheorganophosphate(OP)cumulative  assessment.#X@XXX@##X@XXX@ԀTheyweredevelopedwiththeobjectiveofrepresentingusefortheOPsandnot  necessarilyforrepresentinganationalhighendexposure.However,eachoftheseOPscenarios  hasbeenevaluatedinthecontextofitsnationalrepresentativenessandwhereappropriate, t designatedasa standardscenario.Eachofthescenariodescriptionsthatfollowsdistinguish ` betweenthosedevelopedspecificallyfor,ordeemedtobeastandardscenarioandthose L  developedfortheOPcumulativeassessmentwhicharenot standardandshouldonlybeused 8  whennecessaryforaparticularassessment.d $ t d  Meteorologicalstationsforindividualscenarioshavebeenselectedbasedonproximityto  L  thearearepresentedbyeachscenario.Alistofavailableweatherstationscontainingtherequired  8  dataforPRZMcanbefoundathttp://www.epa.gov/ceampubl/tools/metdata/index.htm).Ifa $  moregeographicallydistantstationwaschosentorepresentascenario,thechoiceofthemore   distantstationisdocumentedinthemetadataforeachfile.     Usersshouldnotethatseveralexistingscenariosincorporateirrigationintothescenario   andassuchhavebeenparameterizedforeitherover-canopyorunder-canopyirrigation.A p numberofotherscenariosindicateinthemetadatafilethatasignificantportionofthecropinthe \ geographicareaidentifiedutilizeirrigation.Todate,EFEDhasnotincorporatedirrigationinto H thesescenarios.EFEDiscurrentlyevaluatingastandardizedapproachfordeterminingwhena 4 scenarioshouldincludeirrigationandthiswillbereflectedinfuturerevisionstothesescenarios.  p    `      Thereareanumberofinputparameterswhicharegenerallynotdocumentedinthis H metadatafile.Manyoftheserepresentparameterflagswhicharedefaultvaluesanddonot 4 changefromscenariotoscenario.Othersarecapturedinthescenariofileandhavenotbeen   transferredtothemetadatafile.Finally,thereareothers(suchasparametersforfurrow   irrigation)whicharenotcurrentlyused.Alistingoftheparameterswhicharegenerallynot  capturedinthismetadatafilearelistedbelowintable1.Futureupdatestothemetadatawill  includetheseparameterswhenapplicable.  *\ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  @+X X  **@&[%XX@Table1.Inputparametersnottypicallyrecordedinmetadata.#X@X%&[ 4#Ԁ \G/  **   **\XX@Record# A,!!  AVariableName A,!!! AVariableFullName _U,!" **    ?1**?_#X@X4#XX@1 3)'"(#  ?1 ? 3TITLE  "($ TitleofInputFile #"(% ** **#2  #@& HTITLE  #@' FileDescription ##@( ** **#3  %X ) DSN(x5)  %X * DSN(x5) #%X + ** **#3   &p!, IPEIND   &p!- Flag-PanFactor # &p!. ** **#9  8'"/ GDUSLEC  8'"0 DayofmonthtostartUSLECandManning'sNfactor #8'"1 ** **#9  P(#2 GMUSLEC  P(#3 MonthtostartUSLECandManning'sNfactor B8P(#4 **  "@9**"@B9 3)'h)$5  "@9 "@ 3HTMAX  h)$6 MaxCanopyHt #h)$7 ** **#9  *%8 ICNCN  *%9 ICNCN-CropNumber #*%: ** **#9  +&; NUSLEC  +&< NumberofUSLECfactors(upto32) C9+&= **  &@11**&@C11 4*(,(>  &@11 &@ 4IYREM  ,(? Integeryearofcropemergence C9,(@ **  &@11**&@C11 4*(-)A  &@11 &@ 4IYRMAT  -)B Integeryearofcropmaturation  C9-)C **  &@11**&@C11 4*(0*  &@11 &@ 4IYRHAR  0* Integeryearofcropharvest #0* ** **#20  HB BDFLAG  HB Flag-BulkDensity |   #HB ** **#20  ` Z BIOFLG  ` Z Flag-Biodegradation #` Z  ** **#20  x r  HSWZT  x r  Flag-Drainage #x r  ** **#20     IDFLAG    Flag-ThermalCond/HeatCapacity #  ** **#20    ITFLAG    Flag-SoilTempSim #  ** **#20    KDFLAG    Flag-SoilAdsorptionCoeff #  ** **#20   MOC   Flag-MethodofCharacteristics # ** **#20   THFLAG   Flag-FCandWP # ** **#28    BT    BottomWidthofFurrow #  ** **#28     EN     Manning'sNforFurrow #  ! ** **#28  82 " Q0  82 # FlowRateofWaterEnteringFurrow #82 $ ** **#28  PJ % SF  PJ & SlopeofFurrow #PJ ' ** **#28  hb( X2  hb) LengthofFurrow #hb* ** **#28  z+ XFRAC  z, LocationoftheFurrow #z- ** **#28  . ZRS  / SideSlopeofFurrows #0 ** **#29  1 HF  2 InfiltrationSuctionParameter #3 ** **#29  4 KS  5 SatHydCond #6 ** **#34  7 AD  8 SoilDrainageparam #9 ** **#34  : ADL  ; LateralSoilDrainage #< ** **#34   = DISP   > HydrodynamicSoluteDispCoeff # ? ** **#40  ("@ CFLAG  ("A Flag-Conversion C9("B **  D@40**D@C40 4*(@:C  D@40 D@ 4ILP  @:D Flag-InitialPest.Level@:E ** # #X@XC6#XX@#'# (88          #SF##X@XF#  "H   TableofContentsXX@  XG'   ]X@X  ]G0     CALIFORNIAALFALFA(NorthernandSouthern)#""J(#.&&4(#(##4"!O  5  66H!OH0  7(#H]G#H݌ b ЌXX@  ]X@X  ]I0     CALIFORNIACORN(Northern)#`"`"I(#.$(#(##4`"!O  5  116wJ!OJ0  7(#J]IJ݌ N ЌXX@  ]X@X  ]K0     CALIFORNIASUGARBEETS(NorthernandSouthern)#`"`"I(#.8(#(##4`"!O  5  166]L!OqL0  7(#L]KK݌  : ЌXX@  ]X@X  ]oM0     FLORIDASWEETCORN#`"`"I(#. (#(##4`"!O  5  226(N!Oa0     TEXASCOTTON#`"`"I(#. (#(##4`"!O  5  776a!Ob  7(#2b]>aa݌ J  ЌXX@  ]X@X  ]c0     TEXASSORGHUM#`"`"I(#. (#(##4`"!O  5  826c!Oc  7(#c]cOc݌ 6" ЌXX@  ]X@X  ]d0     TEXASWHEAT(Winter)#`"`"I(#. (#(##4`"!O  5  876e!Oe  7(#e]de݌ "$ ЌXX@  G_  H% %   X@XCALIFORNIAALFALFA(NorthernandSouthern )  f (     ThefieldusedtorepresentalfalfaproductioninCaliforniaislocatedinSanJoaquin  CountyintheCentralValley,althoughthecropisgrownthroughouttheCentralValleyandasfar   southastheImperialValley.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Californiaisranked   1stinpoundsofalfalfahayharvestedandamongthetop10inacresplanted.Alfalfaisa x  perennialcrop,plantedearlyintheyearandmaintainedundercontinuouscultivationona4to d  5yearcycleatwhichtimeanewcropisplanted..Plantingdepthsrangefrom0.25to1.0inches, P   dependingonsoiltexture,onlevelseedbeds.Rowspacingisapproximately30inches;nearly <  allalfalfaisirrigatedinCaliforniabyflooding.Cuttingsrangefrom3to5peryearundermost (x  conditions.AlfalfapreferswelldrainedsoilwithapHnearneutral.Rootsystemsrarelyexceed d  2feetinCaliforniaandcuttingsoccurwhentheplantreachesaheightofapproximately30 P  inches.Thesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldisabenchmarksoil,Sacramentoclay.Sacramento <  clay,isaveryfine,_smectitic_,thermic_Cumulic_Ԁ_Vertic_Ԁ_Endoaquolls_.Thesesoilsareoftenused ( foralfalfacultivationprovidingthewatertableislow.Sacramentoclayisapoorlytoverypoorly  drained,slowlypermeablesoilwithveryslowtoslowrunoff.Thesesoilsformedinfinetextured  alluviumofmixedoriginandareofmoderateextent.Theyaregenerallyfoundinlevelbasinsat  elevationsnearsealevelto60feet.Thesoilistypicalofsoilsusedforavarietyofrowcrops,  rice,safflowerandalfalfa.Sacramentoclayisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupDsoil.#XX@f# t   <( 4 <DLX<X@XTheFresno,Californiameteorologicalstationisselectedforthisscenario.Asnotedabove,the r scenariorepresentsSanJoaquinCounty,andmorebroadlytheCentralValley.Althoughthere ^ aregeographicallyclosermeteorologicalstationstoSanJoaquinCounty,Fresnoislocatedinthe J centeroftheCentralValleyandismorerepresentativeofCentralValleyalfalfapr_oduction_.#XX@Pp##1p# 6 * d$ddd dd dd \(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"66 {7 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaAlfalfa    \\QG/T  { QQQ q\stParameter A\\,! \Q AValue A\\Q,! "\\ ASource N\Q?,  " q \\Q NStartingDate L\\=!<!\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QEC!<"  @@22281 @@\\ Z.vMeteorologicalFileFresno,CA(W93193) E\Q6!<# \\Q qEEndingDate L\\=8#$\Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC8#%  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileFresno,CA(W93193) J\Q;#8#& q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor $' (_PFAC_) K\\<H% (\Q \(\?0.73\(\?K  0.73 $) x  Y\\QDBH% *  \(\?0.73 \(\?\\ Y3y_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#$+ q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor &!, (_SFAC_) )\\X'"-\Q )  0cmC1 &!. z  8\\Q#!X'"/ \\ 8{_PRZM_ԀGuidance(July,2004).Snownot &!0 expectedtooccuroraccumulateandpersistfor X'"1 morethanadayinSanJoaquinorFresno (l#2 Counties. (0$3 Ѐ4AASk!O  5  http://www.weather.gov/climate6U|!Oi|NGTO  7AS|Ԁ(_NOWData_) J\Q;#)$4 q \\Q ZJMinimumDepthof *@&5 Evaporation(_ANETD_) )\\+'6\Q )  17.5cm *@&7 ~  8\\Q#!+'8 \\ 8H~_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) E\QQQ2#*@&9 Z \\Q E6,*-P(: 0   \QQQ 6 -D): Ї*\ddSd Std  td (#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaAlfalfa ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!" 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.20tons_EI_1* 2 2 " 2_NRI_ԀAveragevaluelistedforthesoilseriesSacramento -#! 2 " -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N  (_USLELS_) @6   333333?0.30333333?@0.30 S>3 N" 333333?0.30 333333? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS=  N ((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slopelength,   x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m(default   value)andm=0.3(EPA2004). -#!J " -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) @6 f  ?1.00?@1.00 S>3 " ?1.00 ? S_NRI_ԀAveragevaluelistedforthesoilseriesSacramento -#! " -FieldArea   (AFIELD)    172ha 2 " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). -#! " -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   ?1?=1 P;0*"  ?1 ? P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!*" -Slope(SLP)  F  2% 2F!" 2MarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCountyCooperative F" ExtensionAgent.2094682085 -#! #" -HydraulicLength(HL)  b$ 600m 2b%" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) -#!b&" -IrrigationFlag j' (_IRFLAG_)  .~( 2(cropping j) periodonly) 2.~*" 2MarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCountyCooperative j+ ExtensionAgent.2094682085 -#!.~," -IrrigationType - (_IRTYP_)  J. 4(Flood/Under / Canopy) 2J0" 2MarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCountyCooperative 1 ExtensionAgent.2094682085 J2 IrrigationGuidancefordeveloping_PRZM_ԀScenario,Table3; ^3 (June15,2005). -#!"4" -LeachingFactor *z5 (_FLEACH_) ?5 >6 ?0.1??0.1 R=2*z7" ?0.1 ? RIrrigationGuidancefordeveloping_PRZM_ԀScenario,Table3; *z8 (June15,2005). -#!>9" -FractionofWater F!: Capacitywhen  "Z; IrrigationisApplied "< (_PCDEPL_) @6 #= ?0.55?@0.55 S>3F!>" ?0.55 ? SMarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCountyCooperative F!? ExtensionAgent.2094682085 -#! "Z@" -MaximumRateat $: A whichIrrigationis % B Applied(_RATEAP_)  r&!C 0.062cmhr1 2$: D" 2IrrigationGuidancefordeveloping_PRZM_ԀScenario,Table1; $: E (June15,2005).ForCN=88andf=0.1 1'!% F" 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr'#G     ($G *\dddd dd dd \(#(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  * * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaAlfalfa ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA.2001) -#!" -InitialSurfaceCondition  n (_ISCOND_) =3  2   ?1?=1 P;0 n "  ?1 ? PMarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCounty  n  CooperativeExtensionAgent.2094682085 -#! 2 " -NumberofDifferentCrops :   (_NDC_) =3  N  ?1?=1 P;0: "  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#!: " -NumberofCropping V  Periods j  (_NCPDS_) >4 .   >@30>@>30 Q<1V "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.MeteorologicalFileFresno,CA V  (W93193) -#!j " -Maximumrainfall 6  interceptionstorageofcrop J  (_CINTCP_) @6   ?0.25?@0.25 S>36 " ?0.25 ? SMaximumrecommendedvalueforgrass(EPA,2001) -#!6 " -MaximumActiveRoot f Depth(_AMXDR_)  * 60cm 2f" 2MarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCounty f CooperativeExtensionAgent.2094682085,indicated *  thatusefulrootsgoonlyto2ft. ! Parametervalueisrepresentativeofareabutmaybe b" inconsistentwithdifferentalfalfascenariosdueto &v# differentsources. -#!:$" -MaximumCanopy B% Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5 V& Y@100Y@?100 R=2B'" Y@100 Y@ RMarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCounty B( CooperativeExtensionAgent.2094682085 -#!V)" -SoilSurfaceCondition ^* AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 "r+  ?1?=1 P;0^,"  ?1 ? PMarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCounty ^- CooperativeExtensionAgent.2094682085 -#!"r." -DateofCropEmergence z/ (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_)  >0 16/01 2z1" 2Valuesettoapproximateplantingcycle.Alfalfais z2 plantedonceeveryfiveyearswithmultiplecuttingsin >3 everyyear -#!R4" -DateofCropMaturity Z5 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)   n6 28/12 2Z7" 2Valuesettoapproximateplantingcycle.Alfalfais Z8 plantedonceeveryfiveyearswithmultiplecuttingsin  n9 everyyear -#! 2:" -DateofCropHarvest :"; (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_)  "N< 31/12 2:"=" 2Valuesettoapproximateplantingcycle.Alfalfais :"> plantedonceeveryfiveyearswithmultiplecuttingsin "N? everyyear -#!#@" -MaximumDryWeight %j A (_WFMAX_) 2( %.!B # 20.0 E0%%j C" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!%j D" -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  6'"E 90,88,89 26'"F" 2GleamsManualTableH4,Pasture/Range,NonCNT, 6'"G Poor(USDA,1990) -#!'J#H" -ManningsNValue R)$I (_MNGN_) A7 *f%J Zd;O?0.023Zd;O?A0.023 T?4R)$K" Zd;O?0.023 Zd;O? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,A01OCOCM;Orchard,coveralley, R)$L Mulchtill,Olympia,WA(USDA,2000) -#!*f%M" -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  n+&N 0.0460.221 2n+&O" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;A01OCOCM;Orchard,coveralley, n+&P Mulchtill,Olympia,WA.Variablewithdate(USDA, 2,'Q 2000)1'%,F(R"   1 -:)R X@X*d 8d4dd 4edd e<dd <\(#(#, d , td , td +  ;QQQ& ; Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12SacramentoSoilParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaAlfalfa W\QB*X QQQ IWParameter A\\,!"\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD," I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!0\Q ;176cm E\\QQ0!0"\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils 0 CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_,  2001) T    b\QQQ= ^ "\ I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons(_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!  \QQ =4(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0!  "\\Q E U\QQB& `  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,ThirdandFourthSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3,4) Y\QJ/P  " I \QQ IYHorizonThickness(_THKNS_) >\\/! \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)   8cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) L  157cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) V  1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\QQ0! "\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils   CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, L  2001) V  4N!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils   /ssl/)6!Oalue  7N3 z   d\QU=4 "Q I \\QQ IdBulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!R \Q ;1.43gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) R  1.29gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)   1.48gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!v "\\ E H\Q9&z  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent(_THETO_) ;\\,!\Q ;0.42cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)  0.44cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) r 0.39cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!,| "\\ E H\Q9!0  \\Q IHCompartmentThickness(_DPN_) ;\\,!n!\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) n" 4cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) (x# 1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) 2$ 1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!%"\\ E H\Q9&6% I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!.&\Q ;0.42cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) .' 0.44cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) ( 0.39cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!R)"\\ E H\Q9!V) \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!*\Q ;0.36cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) + 0.3cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!N,"\\ E K\QQ:& \, I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =\\Q,!-\QQ =1.77%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) . 0.84%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3,4) E\\QQ0!J/"\\Q E6,*X/ 0 y \\QQ 6EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr.  p0 _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated  !\1 SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof !H2 ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. "43 EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. $ 5 GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. % 6 EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental &!7 ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. '"8 EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof X)$: ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFatea_nd_ D*%; EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency, 0+&< Washington,D.C. ,l'=   -X(> EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance   forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions  July2004.  _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. ` OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, L  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. 8  USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.  ` USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.  L  USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. $  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural   ResearchService(ARS).        %   CALIFORNIACORN(Northern ) l    ThefieldusedtorepresentcornproductioninCaliforniaislocatedin_Stanislaus_/San d JoaquinCountiesintheCentralValley,althoughthecropisgrowninotherareasofthestate. P  Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Californiaisnotamongthetoptwentycorn <  producingstatesintheU.S.ThecropisgenerallyplantedtheearlySpring(April)andharvested ( x fromJulythruAugust.Continuouscornispracticeismuchoftheregion,however,rotationwith  d othercropsdoesoccur.Plantingdepthandrowspacing(generally30inches)followsgeneral  P  practicesfortheU.S.Thecropisrarelygrownunderirrigation.Thesoilselectedtosimulatethe  <  fieldisa_Madera_Ԁloam._Madera_Ԁloamisa,fine,_smectitic_,thermic_Abruptic_Ԁ_Durixeralfs_.These (  soilsareoftenusedfordryfarmedgrainsaswellasforirrigated_cropland_Ԁsuchasalfalfa,   almonds,grapes,oranges,riceandtomatoes._Madera_Ԁloamisawelltomoderatelywelldrained,   veryslowlypermeable,mediumtoveryslowrunoffsoilformedinoldalluviumderivedfrom   graniterocksources.Theyareonundulatinglowterraceswithslopesof0to9percent.Theyare   generallyfoundatelevationsoflessthan250feetabovesealevelandareknownforthe t formationofvernalpoolsduringthewintermonths.Thesoilsareextensivein_MLRA_Ԁ17. ` _Madera_Ԁloamisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupCsoil. L XX@* d d d  td td (#(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"$$ {7 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaCorn |   \\QG/B  { QQQ q\wParameter A\\,!\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ ASource S\QD," q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=*\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QEC*  @@22281 @@\\ Z7MeteorologicalFileNorthern:Sacramento,CA * (W23232) J\Q;# q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=: \Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC:!  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileNorthern:Sacramento,CA :" (W23232) J\Q;## q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor  J$ (_PFAC_) K\\<!%\Q \(\?0.73\(\?K  0.73  J& V  Y\\QDB!'  \(\?0.73 \(\?\\ Y_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;# J( q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor  #Z) (_SFAC_) )\\#*\Q )  0cmC1  #Z+   8\\Q#!#, \\ 8__PRZM_ԀGuidance(July,2004).Snownot  #Z- expectedtooccuroraccumulateandpersistfor #. morethanadayinSanJoaquinorSacramento $/ Counties. V% 0 Ѐ4ASk!O  5  http://www.weather.gov/climate6!ONGTO  7ASԀ(_NOWData_) C\Q\2#&j!1 q \\Q ZCMinimumDepthof f'"2 Evaporation(_ANETD_) +\\\*(z#3\Q\ +  17.5cm f'"4 g  8\\\Q#!*(z#5 \\\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998)3)'f'"6 Z  \\\Q 3  )%7 &   *\ddSd Std  td (#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaCorn ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!" 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.34tons_EI_1* 2 2 " 2_PRZM_ԀInputCollator(Burns,1992)andFARMManual(EPA.  2  1985) -#!  " -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N (_USLELS_) @6   HzG?0.79HzG?@0.79 S>3 N" HzG?0.79 HzG? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.4(EPA2004). -#!J " -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) @6 f  ?1.00?@1.00 S>3 " ?1.00 ? S_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) -#! " -FieldArea   (AFIELD)    172ha 2 " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). -#! " -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   ?1?=1 P;0*"  ?1 ? P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!* " -Slope(SLP)  F! 4.5% 2F"" 2Midpointofsloperangeforsoilsseries_Madera_Ԁ(EPA,2001) -#!F#" -HydraulicLength(HL)  N$ 600m 2N%" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!N&" 1 *_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr'  '& v(  *\d ddd dd dd \(#(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  * * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaCorn ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!" -InitialSurfaceCondition  n (_ISCOND_) =3  2   ?1?=1 P;0 n "  ?1 ? PDefaultvalue(EPA2004). -#! n " -NumberofDifferentCrops :   (_NDC_) =3  N   ?1?=1 P;0: "  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#!: " -NumberofCropping V  Periods j  (_NCPDS_) >4 .   >@30>@>30 Q<1V "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.MeteorologicalFileSacramento, V  CA(W23232) -#!j " -Maximumrainfall 6  interceptionstorageofcrop J  (_CINTCP_) @6   ?0.25?@0.25 S>36 " ?0.25 ? SMaximumrecommendedvalueforgrass(EPA,2001) -#!6 " -MaximumActiveRoot f Depth(_AMXDR_)  * 90cm 2f" 2Medianvalue(60120cm)(Table59.EPA1998). -#!f" -MaximumCanopy 2 Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5 F  Y@100Y@?100 R=22!" Y@100 Y@ RTakenfromILcorn.Alsoconsistentwithdefaultvalue 2" citedinguidance(EPA2004). -#!F#" -SoilSurfaceCondition N$ AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 b%  @3@=3 P;0N&"  @3 @ PThecornstubbleistypicallyleftinplaceuntilthenext N' crop.Also,_PRZM_ԀScenarioGuidance(Rev.,July b( 2004),default. -#!&)" -DateofCropEmergence .~* (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) =3 B+  @4@=01/04 .~,     P;0B-  @4 @ PUsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.Field .~. Crops(USDA,1984) -#!B/" -DateofCropMaturity J0 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)  ^1 27/07 2J2" 2Basedon110daymaturationforCAFieldCorn; J3 4 "I!O  5  http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/crops-agriculture.ht ^4 ml6=!OQdula  7n Ԁ -#!"5" -DateofCropHarvest *z6 (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_) A7 >7 @37111@A08/09 T?4*z8" @37111 @ TUsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.Field *z9 Crops(USDA,1984) -#!>:" -MaximumDryWeight F!; (_WFMAX_) 2(  "Z< # 20.0 E0%F!=" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!F!>" -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  b#? 89,86,87 2b#@" 2GleamsManualTableH4,Fallow=FallowSR/CT, b#A poorcondition;CroppingandResidue=RowCrop &$vB SR/CT/Poor(USDA,1990) -#!$: C" -ManningsNValue B&!D (_MNGN_) A7 'V"E Zd;O?0.023Zd;O?A0.023 T?4B&!F" Zd;O?0.023 Zd;O? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,C21CGBDC-Sacramentocorn B&!G conventionaltillage(USDA,2000) -#!'V"H" -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  ^(#I 0.0180.611 2^(#J" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;C21CGBDC-Sacramentocorn ^(#K conventionaltillage.Variablewithdate(USDA,2000)1'%")r$L"   1  'v(X@X  &-v(P *   dd4dd 4edd e<dd <\(#(#,d , td , td +  @QQQ+ j@ Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12_Madera_ԀSoilParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaCorn \\QG/X j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!"\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ AVerificationSource S\QD," I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!0\Q ;100cm E\\QQ0!0"\\ EPIC(Burns,1992)Confirmedwith: 0 _NRCS_,NationalSoilsCharacterization  Database(_NRCS_,2001) T    b\QQQ= ^ "\Y I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons    (_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!R  \QQ =4(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0!  "\\Q E U\QQB& `  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,ThirdandFourthSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3,4) Y\QJ/ " I \QQ IYHorizonThickness  V (_THKNS_) >\\/!  \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)  V 12cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2)    40cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) z  38cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\QQ0!4 "\\ EPIC(Burns,1992)Confirmedwith:  V _NRCS_,NationalSoilsCharacterization    Database(_NRCS_,2001) z  4  t!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)64!OH  7"v 4   d\QU=> "\b I \\QQ IdBulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!v \Q ;1.55gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) v  1.6gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!0 "\\ E H\Q9&>  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent r  (_THETO_) ;\\,!,|\Q ;0.223cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) r  0.226cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) ,|  0.163cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!6!"\\ E C\Q4!: ! \\Q CCompartmentThickness (x" (_DPN_) ;\\,!2#\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) (x$ 4cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) 2% 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) & 2cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!V'"\\ E C\Q4!' \\Q CFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!(\Q ;0.223cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) ) 0.226cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) R* 0.163cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0! \+"\\ E H\Q9!`+ \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!N,\Q ;0.083cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) N- 0.186cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) X. 0.073cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!/"\\ E K\QQ:&/ I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent T0 (OC) =\\Q,!1\QQ =0.58%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) T2 0.29%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) 3 0.174%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\QQ0!x4"\\Q E6,*|4 0 y \\QQ 6Burns.1992.Burns,L.A.,(Coordinator),_B.W._ԀAllen,Jr.,M.C.Barber,S.L.Bird,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_, N!5 _M.J._Ԁ_Fendley_,_D.R._Ԁ_Hartel_,C.A._Kittner_,_F.L._ԀMayer,Jr.,L.A.Suarez,and_S.E._Ԁ_Wooten_. :"6  P esticideand I ndustrialChemical R isk Analysisand H azard A ssessment,Version3.0. &#v7 (PIRANHA)EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,U.S. $b8 EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.1992. $N 9 EPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043) &&"; EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. '#< EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. )$> _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated *%? SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof r+&@ ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. ^,'A  J-(B EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker.  GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments.  EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental  ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. t EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof L  ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand 8  EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency, $ t Washington,D.C.  ` EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance  8  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions $  July2004.   _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands.   OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,   Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. p USDA.1984.UsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.FieldCrops,StatisticalReporting H Service,U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,AgricultureHandbook#628,pp.78. 4 USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.  \ USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD. H USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.   DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural   ResearchService(ARS).    '#&  %   CALIFORNIASUGARBEETS(NorthernandSouthern) A74   ?+ ` hp x X?X@XXX@ThefieldusedtorepresentsugarbeetproductioninCaliforniaislocatedintheCentralValley, ` whichincludesthefollowingcounties:_Colusa_,Fresno,Glenn,Kern,Kings,_Madera_,Mariposa, L  Merced,Sacramento,SanJoaquin,#X@XXX@4#X@XXX@Ԁ_Solano_,#X@XXX@f6#X@XXX@_Stanislaus_,_Tulare_,and_Yolo_.Themajorproduction 8  areasareinthe_Kalmuth_ԀBasinandImperialValley.Accordingto1997CensusofAgriculture, $ t Californiaranked4#X@XXX@6#X@XhX@th#X@XXX@c8#X@XXX@ԀamongproducersofsugarbeetsintheU.S..Sugarbeetsareplantedalmost  ` everymonthsomewhereinthestateandaregenerallygrowninrotation.Productionconcentrates  L  onheavyclayandclayloamsoilandareirrigatedbybothfurroworsprinklersystems.Areas  8  betweenrowsofplantsmayormaynotbemaintained.Rowspacingisgenerally30inches. $  Rowcanopiestendtobeverycloseto100percent,whilethecanopybetweenrowsismuchless.   #X@XXX@8#X@XXX@#X@XXX@;#X@XXX@ThesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldisRydeclayloam.Thissoiltypewasselectedbecause:1)   clayloamsoilswererecommendedbyanextensionagentasgrowingapproximately90%of   _sugarbeet_ԀcropsintheCentralValley(personalconversationwithKurt_Hembree_,2/28/06),2)the p Rydeseriesisabenchmarksoilseries(USDA1999),3)Rydeclayloamhasexpectedyieldsof \ 27tons/irrigatedacre(USDA2006),and4)thissoilis_hydrologic_ԀgroupC.Thedatautilizedto H _parameterize_ԀthesoilcharacteristicsofRydeclayloamwereselectedfromSanJoaquincounty, 4 whichislocatedintheCentralValley.Rydeclayloamisafineloamy,mixed,_superactive_,  p thermic_Cumulic_Ԁ_Endoaquolls_.Thissoilisusedmainlyforirrigatedcropland;producing  \ _sugarbeets_,aswellaswheat,alfalfa,irrigatedpasture,tomatoes,filedcornandsafflower.The H Rydeseriesisverydeep,poorlydrained,andformedinalluviumfrommixedrocksourcesand 4 decomposedvegetativematter.Thesoilseriesisextensivein_MLRAs_Ԁ16and17.   #X@XXX@];#X@XXX@RJ R#X@XXX@A#X@XXX@TheFresnoCaliforniameteorologicalstationwasselectedforthisscenario.#X@XXX@B#X@XXX@Asnotedabove,this J scenariorepresentsalargegeographicarea#X@XXX@B#X@XXX@.BasedontheUSDA2002#X@XXX@,C#X@XXX@censusofagricultural,the 6 topsugarbeetproducingcountiesinCalifornia#X@XXX@C#X@XXX@(inorderbyharvestedtons)areImperial,Fresno, " Merced,andKern#X@XXX@)D#X@XXX@counties.TheFresnometeorologicalstationwasselectedforthisscenario  #X@XXX@D#X@XXX@sinceitisgenerallyinthegeographiccenteroftheCentralValley,and#X@XXX@dE#X@XXX@alsothegeographically   closeststationtothetopsugarbeetproducing#X@XXX@E#X@XXX@counties.Althoughthereareclosermeteorological ! stationstoSanJoaquin#X@XXX@F#X@XXX@County(usedforsoilparameters),Fresnoislocatedinthecenterofthe "  #X@XXX@/G#X@XXX@CentralValleyandismorerepresentativeoflargegeographicextentof#X@XXX@G#X@XXX@sugarbeetproduction n#! areas. Z$"  R#X@XXX@YH#X@XXX@#X@XXX@H#XX@  \(#& *?@ d dd  td td  (#(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"88 {7 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforCentralValley,CaliforniaSugarbeets 0   \\QG/  { QQQ q\KParameter A\\,!B\Q AValue A\\Q,!B"\\ ASource S\QD,B" q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=> \Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QEC>    @@22281 @@\\ ZLMeteorologicalFileFresno,CA(W93193) J\Q;#>   q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=  \Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC    :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileFresno,CA(W93193) J\Q;#   q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor  & (_PFAC_) K\\< \Q ?0.75?K  0.75  & O  Y\\QDB   ?0.75 ?\\ YOKurt_Hembree_Ԁ(559.456.7556),UCCooperative  & ExtensionOffice,FresnoCountyindicatedthat   sugarbeetsaregrownonwesternsideofCentral ^  Valley. J\Q;#"r  q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor n  (_SFAC_) )\\2 \Q )  0.0cmC1 n  /R  8\\Q#!2  \\ 8qRKurt_Hembree_Ԁ(559.456.7556),UCCooperative n  ExtensionOffice,FresnoCountyindicatedthat 2  lastsnowfallwasin1970. C\Q\2#F  q \\Q ZCMinimumDepthof B Evaporation(_ANETD_) +\\\V\Q\ +  17.5cm B JT  8\\\Q#!V  \\\ 8 T_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998)3)'B! Z  \\\Q 3& (  *A\BddSd Std  td ?@(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforCentralValley,CaliforniaSugarbeets ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!" 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.28tons_EI_1* 2 2 " 2RydeClayLoam,mapsymbol230(USDA2006). -#! 2 " -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N  (_USLELS_) @6   333333?0.30333333?@0.30 S>3 N" 333333?0.30 333333? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA2004). -#!J " -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) ?5 f  ?1.0??1.0 R=2 " ?1.0 ? RPerQA/QCGuidance(EPA,2001) -#! " -FieldArea   (AFIELD)    172ha 2 " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). -#! " -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   ?1?=1 P;0*"  ?1 ? P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998);Consultation * 08/08/2001withKurt_Hembree_,UCCooperativeExtension   Office,FresnoCounty,indicatedthat_sugarbeets_Ԁaregrownon b! thewesternsideoftheCentralValley(TypeI). -#!&v"" -Slope(SLP)  ~# 2% 2~$" 2Kurt_Hembree_Ԁ(559.456.7556),UCCooperativeExtension ~% Office,FresnoCountyindicatedthat_sugarbeets_Ԁaregrownin B& bedsinleveledfieldswithslopesof<2%. -#!V'" -HydraulicLength(HL)  ^( 600m 2^)" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) -#!^*" -IrrigationFlag + (_IRFLAG_)  z, 2(cropping - periodonly) 2z." 2Basedonrecommendationsfromfarmadvisorsforgeneral / floodingforcropirrigation -#!z0" -IrrigationType "1 (_IRTYP_)  2 4(Furrow) "3  24" 2_Sugarbeets_ԀinCaliforniaareirrigatedeitherbyfurrowor "5 sprinkler.(USDACropProfile,1999). 6 IrrigationGuidancefordeveloping_PRZM_ԀScenario,Table3; Z7 (June15,2005). -#! n8" -LeachingFactor v!9 (_FLEACH_) ?5 :": ?0.1??0.1 R=2v!;" ?0.1 ? RIrrigationGuidancefordeveloping_PRZM_ԀScenario,Table3; v!< (June15,2005).Defaultvalueforfurrowirrigation. -#!:"=" -FractionofWater #> Capacitywhen V$? IrrigationisApplied %j @ (_PCDEPL_) @6 %.!A ?0.55?@0.55 S>3#B" ?0.55 ? SMostfarmadvisorsinCAsaidwaterisalwaysappliedtocrops #C before50%depletion. -#!V$D" -MaximumRateat 6'"E whichIrrigationis 'J#F Applied(_RATEAP_)  ($G 0.034cmhr1 26'"H" 2IrrigationGuidancefordeveloping_PRZM_ԀScenario(June15, 6'"I 2005);Table3forfurrowirrigation,andTable1forCN=86 'J#J andf=0. 1'!($K" 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr*f%L       +'M   'UU& )  *C\Ddddd dd dd A\B(#(#,A dd ,dd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforCentralValley,CaliforniaSugarbeets ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PKurt_Hembree_Ԁ(559.456.7556),UCCooperative  2  ExtensionOffice,FresnoCountyindicatedthatsugar    beetsarekeptclearofresiduestohelpcontrolpests j  anddiseases. -#!. ~"\ -NumberofDifferentCrops   (_NDC_)nn n =3 J   ?1?=1 P\;0 "  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! "\ -NumberofCroppingPeriods   (_NCPDS_) >4 f   >@30>@>30 Q\<1 "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Fresno,CA(W93193) -#! "\ -Maximumrainfallinterception   storageofcrop(_CINTCP_) ?5   ?0.2??0.2 R\=2 " ?0.2 ? R_PRZM_,Table5.4(EPA,1998)   _PRZM_ԀGuidance,rev.July2004 -#! "\ -MaximumActiveRootDepth * (_AMXDR_)   90cm 2\*" 2Kurt_Hembree_Ԁ(559.456.7556),UCCooperative *  ExtensionOffice,FresnoCountyindicatedthat ! _sugarbeets_Ԁrootsareconcentratedintop3feetofsoil b" andcanextractmoisturethroughoutthatdepth.Value &v# maybeinconsistentwithdifferentsugarbeetscenarios :$ duetodifferentsources. -#!%"\ -MaximumCanopyCoverage V& (_COVMAX_) ?5 ' Y@100Y@?100 V(     R\=2R+ Y@100 Y@ RKurt_Hembree_Ԁ(559.456.7556),UCCooperative V, ExtensionOffice,FresnoCountyindicatedthatcanopy - inthespringis100%,butfromJulyon,itdeclinesto . approx.70%.Thisapparentlyisforspring-planted R/ beetsthatareharvestedinthefall.Therearealso f0 fall-plantedbeetsthatareharvestedinthespring -#!*1"\ -SoilSurfaceConditionAfter 22 Harvest(_ICNAH_) =3 F3  ?1?=1 P\;024"  ?1 ? PKurt_Hembree_Ԁ(559.456.7556),UCCooperative 25 ExtensionOffice,FresnoCountyindicatedthatsugar F6 beetfieldsarekeptclearofresiduestohelpcontrol  7 pestsanddiseases. -#!~ 8"\ -DateofCropEmergence !&9 (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) A7 ": @36892@A01/02 T\?4!&;" @36892 @ TKurt_Hembree_Ԁ(559.456.7556),UCCooperative !&< ExtensionOffice,FresnoCounty -#!"="\ -DateofCropMaturity #B> (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)  $ ? 31/05 2\#B@" 2Kurt_Hembree_Ԁ(559.456.7556),UCCooperative #BA ExtensionOffice,FresnoCounty -#!$ B"\ -DateofCropHarvest(HAD,HAM, &^!C _IYRHAR_) A7 &""D @@36898@@A01/08 T\?4&^!E" @@36898 @@ TKurt_Hembree_Ԁ(559.456.7556),UCCooperative &^!F ExtensionOffice,FresnoCounty -#!&""G"\ -MaximumDryWeight(_WFMAX_) 2( *(z#H # 20.0 E\0%*(z#I" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation 4\#!*(z#J"\ 4SCSCurveNumber(CN) 4\#)$K\ 489,86,87 A\\,!)$L"\ AGleamsManualTableH4,FallowSR/CT/poor, )$M CroppingandResidue=RowCropSR/CT/poor F*%N (USDA,1990) -#! +Z&O"\\ -ManningsNValue(_MNGN_) A7 b,'P y&1?0.014y&1?A0.014 T\?4b,'Q" y&1?0.014 y&1? T_RUSLE_ԀProject;C21SUSUCSacramentoclimate b,'R station,Conventionaltillage,nocover(USDA,2000) 4\#!&-v(S"\ 4_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_) 4\#~.)T\ 40.015_  ԍ0.769  _ B\\-"~.)U"\ B_RUSLE_ԀProject;Variablewithdate,C21SUSUC@.._  ԍSacramentoclimatestation,Conventionaltillage,no ( cover(USDA,2000)  _3)'~.)V"  \\ 3Ї  'L@nX@X*EF ddA dd A dd <dd <C\D(#(#,d , td , td +  @QQQ+88 j@ Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ExeterFineSandyLoamSoilParametersforCentralValley,CaliforniaSugarbeets \\QG/0 j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!&v"\Q AValue A\\Q,!&v"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD,&v" I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!h \Q ;160cm E\\QQ0!h "\\ ERydeClayLoam,mapsymbol230 h   (USDA2006). " r   b\QQQ= , "\[[i I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons    (_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!}  \QQ =3(Basehorizons) E\\QQ0! "\\Q E U\QQB&;  0 y \\QQ IUFirstandSecondSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) Y\QJ/ ?" I \QQ IYHorizonThickness 1  (_THKNS_) >\\/!; \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) 1  51cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) ;  99cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0! "\\ ERydeClayLoam,mapsymbol230 1  (USDA2006). ;    Adjustedusingtherelationship%OC= 7, 0.6x%OrganicMatter(_Doucette_Ԁ2000) d\QU=-\ I \\QQ IdBulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!7 .\Q ;1.4gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) 7 / 1.4gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2)  0 1.08gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0![ 1"\\ E H\Q9&_ 1 I \\Q HInitialWaterContent 2 (_THETO_) ;\\,!W3\Q ;0.359cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) 4 0.359cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) W5 0.292cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!a6"\\ E H\Q9!e6 \\Q IHCompartmentThickness S7 (_DPN_) ;\\,! ]8\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) S9 3cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2)  ]: 3cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!;"\\ E H\Q9&; I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,! Y<\Q ;0.359cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)  Y= 0.359cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) > 0.292cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!}?"\\ E H\Q9!? \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!@\Q ;0.255cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) A 0.255cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) yB 0.143cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!3C"\\ E K\QQ:&7C I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent uD (OC) =\\Q,!/E\QQ =3.48%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) uF 3.48%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) /G 0%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0!9H"\\Q E6,*=H 0 y \\QQ 6EPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043) !I EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. "J EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. $L _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated o% M SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof [&!N ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. G'"O EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. )o$Q GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments.  *[%R EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental *G&S ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. +3'T   ,(U EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof   ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand  EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,  Washington,D.C. t EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance L  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions 8  July2004. $ t _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands.  L  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,  8  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. $  X@XXX@PersonalCommunicationwithKurt_Hembree_ԀExtensionAgent,FresnoCounty.February28,   2006.#X@XXX@5#   USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. p USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD. \ X@XXX@#X@XXX@M#X@XXX@USDA1999.OfficialSeriesDescription.RydeSeries.Informationfromthewebsite: 4 4X!O  5  #X@XXX@#!O  X@XXX@http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/osd/index.html!+r,  6!r,  7X@Y#X@XXX@#X@XXX@  p #X@XXX@#X@XXX@#X@XXX@#USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. H DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural 4 ResearchService(ARS).X@XXX@   #X@XXX@#X@XXX@USDA.2006.NaturalResourcesConservationService.SoilDataMart.Informationfrom  website:http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/.#X@XXX@#      %   FLORIDASWEETCORN       ThefieldusedtorepresentsweetcornproductioninFloridaislocatedinPalmBeach ` CountyinSoutheastFlorida,althoughsweetcornproductionoccursthroughoutFlorida. L  Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Floridaisthemajorproduceroffreshmarket 8  sweetcornintheU.S.Sweetcornisextensivelygrownon mucksoils(approximately75%). $ t Typicalplantingdistancesare30inchesbetweenrowsand6to8inchesbetweenplants.Sweet  ` corninFloridaisproducedusingseveraltypesofirrigationsystems.Thesoilselectedto  L  simulatethefieldisaRivierasand.Rivierasandisaloamy,siliceous,active,_hyperthermic_  8  _Arenic_Ԁ_Glossaqualfs_.Thesesoilsareoftenusedfortruckcrop(includingsweetcorn)andcitrus $  production.Rivierasandisadeep,poorlydrained,slowrunoff,slowlytoveryslowlypermeable   soilthatformedinstratifiedmarinesandyandloamysedimentsontheLowerCoastalPlain.   Thesesoilaregenerallyfoundonbroad,lowflatsandindepressionsandhaveslopesgenerally   lessthan2percent.Thesoilisofmoderateextent.Rivierasandisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupCsoil.   XX@* d dd  td td EF(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ" p p {7 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforPalmBeachCounty,FloridaSweetCorn    \\QG/  { QQQ q\Parameter A\\,!*\Q AValue A\\Q,!*"\\ ASource S\QD,*" q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=&v\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QEC&v  @@22281 @@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileWestPalmBeach,FL &v (W12844) J\Q;#: q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=6\Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC6  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileWestPalmBeach,FL 6 (W12844) J\Q;#J q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor F  (_PFAC_) K\\< Z!\Q (\?0.78(\?K  0.78 F" Ҿ  Y\\QDB Z#  (\?0.78 (\?\\ Y_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#F$ q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor V% (_SFAC_) )\\ j&\Q )  0.0cmC1 V'   8\\Q#! j( \\ 8Noappreciablesnowaccumulationoccursinthis V) partofFlorida C\Q\2# j* q \\Q ZCMinimumDepthof f!+ Evaporation(_ANETD_) +\\\*"z,\Q\ +  32.5cm f!- L  8\\\Q#!*"z. \\\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998)3)'f!/ Z  \\\Q 3  ">/ & 6  *\ddSd Std  td (#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforPalmBeachCounty,FloridaSweetCorn ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2\" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.03tons_EI_1* 2\ 2 " 2_PRZM_ԀInputCollator(Burns,1992)andFARMManual(EPA,  2  1985) -#!  "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N (_USLELS_) @6   ?0.20?@0.20 S\>3 N" ?0.20 ? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA2004). -#!J "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) ?5 f  ?1.0??1.0 R\=2 " ?1.0 ? R_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.6(EPA,1998)          j      r -#!f \ -FieldArea   (AFIELD)    172ha 2\ " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). -#! "\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   @4@=4 P\;0* "  @4 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!*!"\ -Slope(SLP)  F" 1% 2\F#" 2Midpointofsoilseriesrange(EPA,2001) -#!F$"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  N% 600m 2\N&" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!N'"\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr(      ^)   'l& (  *\d ddd dd dd \(#(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforPalmBeachCounty,FloridaSweetCorn ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PFieldarefallowpriortoplanting -#! 2 "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) =3    ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping j  Periods .  (_NCPDS_) >4    >@30>@>30 Q\<1j "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.MeteorologicalFileWestPalm j  Beach,FL(W12844) -#!. "\ -Maximumrainfall J  interceptionstorageofcrop   (_CINTCP_) @6   ?0.25?@0.25 S\>3J " ?0.25 ? S_PRZM_ԀManual,Table5.4from(EPA1998) -#!J "\ -MaximumActiveRoot * Depth(_AMXDR_)   90cm 2\*" 2Medianvalue(60120cm)(Table59.EPA1998). -#!*"\ -MaximumCanopy F  Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5  ! Y@100Y@?100 R\=2F"" Y@100 Y@ RTakenfromILcorn.Alsoconsistentwithdefaultvalue F# citedinguidance(EPA2004). -#! $"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition b% AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 &&  @3@=3 P\;0b'"  @3 @ PPlantresiduesareleftbehinduntillaterintheyear b( whentilledfornextseriesofcrops;rarelycucumbers. -#!&)"\ -DateofCropEmergence .~* (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_)  B+ 16/10 6\!.~," 64J.!O  5  http://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/opmppiap/subcrp.htm6!O*  7 Ԁ@.. .~- southernsweetcorncultivationcycleisgenerally B. betweenJanuaryandJune;Maturation64-90daysfrom / seedingtoharvest;Harvestoccursoveraperiodof z0 weekstoseveralmonths.Valuessettocoverrainy >1 seasonOct-Feb. R2  >424"<<\ >DateofCropMaturity j5 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) A7 .~6 `@37011`@A05/01 XC4j7" `@37011 `@ X 'V7 'DateofCropHarvest 8 (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_)  j9 15/01 6!:" 6 'B: 'MaximumDryWeight  2; (_WFMAX_) 2( !< # 20.0 E\0% 2=" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#! 2>"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  "N? 91,87,88 2\"N@" 2GleamsManualTableH4,Fallow=SR/poor; "NA CroppingandResidue=RowCrop,SR/poorcondition #B (USDA,1990) -#!$C"\ -ManningsNValue %.!D (_MNGN_) A7 &!E I +?0.011I +?A0.011 T\?4%.!F" I +?0.011 I +? T_RUSLE_ԀProject;UC0BGBGC;GreenBeans, %.!G conventionaltillage;Tampa,FL(USDA,2000) 4\#!&!H"\ 4_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_) 4\#'J#I\ 40.1620.938 A\\,!'J#J"\ A_RUSLE_ԀProject;Variablewithdate,UC0BGBGC; 'J#K GreenBeans,conventionaltillage;Tampa,FL ($L (USDA,2000)1'%)$M"  \\ 1  '(d  ,(P * dd4dd 4edd e<dd <\(#(#,d , td , td +  @QQQ+ j@ X@XTable4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12RivieraSoilParametersforPalmBeachCounty,FloridaSweetCorn \\QG/X j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!"\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD," I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!0\Q ;100cm E\\QQ0!0"\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoilsCharacterization 0 Database(_NRCS_,2001)   b\QQQ=T  "\[[Z I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons ;   (_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,! E \QQ =3(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0!;  "\\Q E U\QQB&  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) Y\QJ/g  " I \QQ IYHorizonThickness   (_THKNS_) >\\/!c \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)   62cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) c  28cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0!m "\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoilsCharacterization   Database(_NRCS_,2001) c  4A!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)6!OX  7") m  EdRussell(USDA-_NRCS_,Fresno) d\QU= "\s I \\QQ IdBulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!_ \Q ;1.65gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) _  1.7gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!i "\\ E H\Q9&'  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent [  (_THETO_) ;\\,!e \Q ;0.073cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) [  0.211cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!e "\\ E H\Q9!#  \\Q IHCompartmentThickness W (_DPN_) ;\\,!a \Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) W! 2cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) a" 4cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!#"\\ E H\Q9&# I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,! ]$\Q ;0.073cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)  ]% 0.211cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!&"\\ E H\Q9!& \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,! Y'\Q ;0.023cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)  Y( 0.091cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!)"\\ E K\QQ:&) I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent U* (OC) =\\Q,!+\QQ =1.16%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) U, 0.174%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0!-"\\Q E6,*}- 0 y \\QQ 6Burns.1992.Burns,L.A.,(Coordinator),_B.W._ԀAllen,Jr.,M.C.Barber,S.L.Bird,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_, . _M.J._Ԁ_Fendley_,_D.R._Ԁ_Hartel_,C.A._Kittner_,_F.L._ԀMayer,Jr.,L.A.Suarez,and_S.E._Ԁ_Wooten_. /  P esticideand I ndustrialChemical R isk Analysisand H azard A ssessment,Version3.0. m0 (PIRANHA)EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,U.S. Y1 EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.1992. E 2 EPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043) "m4 EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.  #Y5 EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. $1 7 _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated %!8 SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof & "9 ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. '": EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. })$< GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. i*%= EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental U+&> ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. A,'?  --}(@ EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof  ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand  EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,  Washington,D.C. t EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance L  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions 8  July2004. $ t _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands.  L  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,  8  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. $  USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.   USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.   USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. p DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural \ ResearchService(ARS). H   @-(, %   MINNESOTAALFALFA     ThefieldusedtorepresentalfalfaproductioninMinnesotaislocatedinPolkCountyin ` theRedRiverValley,however,alfalfaisproducedthroughoutthestate.Accordingtothe1997 L  CensusofAgriculture,Minnesotaranked6thinproductionofalfalfaintheU.S.Alfalfaisa 8  perennialcrop,grownonavarietyofsoils,plantedearlyintheyearandmaintainedunder $ t continuouscultivationona3to5yearcycleatwhichtimeanewcropisplanted.Planting  ` depthsrangefrom0.25to1.0inches,dependingonsoiltexture,onlevelseedbeds.Rowspacing  L  isapproximately30inches;verylittlealfalfaisirrigatedinMinnesotabecauseofsoilconditions  8  andthedepthatwhichrootsmaygrow(upto20feet)helpmakealfalfadroughttolerant. $  Cuttingsrangefrom2to4peryearandmostgrowersharvestalfalfawhenthestandisat10   percentbloom.MostfarmerstakethelastcuttingoftheseasonbetweenmidAugustandmid   September.AlfalfapreferswelldrainedsoilswithapHnearneutral(pH6.76.9).Thesoil   selectedtosimulatethefieldisabenchmarksoil,_Bearden_Ԁsiltyclayloam._Bearden_Ԁsiltyclay   loam,isafinesilty,mixed,_superactive_,frigid_Aeric_Ԁ_Calciaquolls_.Thesesoilsarenearlyall p undercultivationtosmallgrains,especiallyalfalfa,androwcrops(sugarbeets)._Bearden_Ԁsilty \ clayloamisaverydeep,somewhatpoorlydrained,slowlypermeablesoilwithnegligibletohigh H runoff.Thesesoilsformedincalcareoussiltloamandsiltyclayloamlacustrinesediments.They 4 aregenerallyfoundonglaciallakeplainsatelevationsfrom650to2000feetabovemeansea  p levelonslopesof0to3percent._Bearden_Ԁsiltyclayloamisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupCsoil.  \    `     h      p   XX@* d dd  td td (#(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"ll {7 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforPolkCounty,MinnesotaAlfalfa d   \\QG/*  { QQQ q\8Parameter A\\,!&v\Q AValue A\\Q,!&v"\\ ASource S\QD,&v" q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=r\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QECr   @@22281 @@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileFargo,ND(W14914) J\Q;#r! q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\= "\Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC #  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileFargo,ND(W14914) J\Q;# $ q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor  "Z% (_PFAC_) K\\<"&\Q ?0.75?K  0.75  "Z'   Y\\QDB"(  ?0.75 ?\\ Y _PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;# "Z) q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor $j* (_SFAC_) )\\$. +\Q )  0.36cmC1 $j, !  8\\Q#!$. - \\ 8!_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) C\Q\2#$j. q \\Q ZCMinimumDepthof *&z!/ Evaporation(_ANETD_) +\\\&>"0\Q\ +  12.5cm *&z!1 F#  8\\\Q#!&>"2 \\\ 8~#_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998)3)'*&z!3 Z  \\\Q 3  v(#4 & 6  *\ddSd Std  td (#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforPolkCounty,MinnesotaAlfalfa ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2\" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.28tons_EI_1* 2\ 2 " 2GLEAMSManual,tableofRepresentativeSoils(USDA,1990) -#! 2 "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N  (_USLELS_) @6   ?0.25?@0.25 S\>3 N" ?0.25 ? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA2004).#X@Xr#XX@ -#!J "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) @6 f  333333?0.60333333?@0.60 S\>3 " 333333?0.60 333333? SSetaccordingtoguidance(EPA,2004) -#! "\ -FieldArea   Ѐ(AFIELD)    172ha 2\ " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004).#X@X,#XX@ -#! "\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   @3@=3 P\;0*"  @3 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!*"\ -Slope(SLP)  F  1.5% 2\F!" 2Valuemidpointofseriessloperange(EPA,2001) -#!F""\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  N# 600m 2\N$" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!N%"\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr&      ^'   'g$& :)  *\d ddd dd dd \(#(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforPolkCounty,MinnesotaAlfalfa ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PSettofallowpriortonewcropplanting.  2  4or!O  5  Http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles68!8I   7tiI8Ԁ -#!  "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N (_NDC_) =3    ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping j  Periods .  (_NCPDS_) >4    >@30>@>30 Q\<1j "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Fargo,ND(W14914) -#!j "\ -Maximumrainfall J  interceptionstorageofcrop   (_CINTCP_) @6   ?0.25?@0.25 S\>3J " ?0.25 ? S_PRZM_,Table5.4(EPA,1998) -#!J "\ -MaximumActiveRoot * Depth(_AMXDR_)   100cm 2\*" 2Settomaximumsoildepth.Rootsmaygrowto20feet * (USDA2000).Parametervaluemaybeinconsistent   withdifferentalfalfascenariosduetodifferentsources.#X@X/#XX@ -#!b!"\ -MaximumCanopy  " Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5 ~# Y@100Y@?100 R\=2 $" Y@100 Y@ RDr.MohamedKahn;_NDSU_Ԁ(701)231-8596;Larry  % SmithUofMN(218)281-8602. -#!~&"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition &' AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 (  @3@=3 P\;0&)"  @3 @ PSettoresidueforwintermonthsafterlastharvest &* duringmultiyeargrowthandduringwinteroflast + yearsofgrowth4or-!O  5  Http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles6B!B A  7ti!HBԀ -#!^,"\ -DateofCropEmergence - (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) A7 z. @38357@A01/06 T\?4/" @38357 @ TUsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.Field 0 Crops(USDA,1984) -#!z1"\ -DateofCropMaturity "2 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)  3 25/08 2\"4" 2UsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.Field "5 Crops(USDA,1984) -#!6"\ -DateofCropHarvest >7 (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_)   8 30/08 2\>9" 2UsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.Field >: Crops(USDA,1984) -#! ;"\ -MaximumDryWeight  "Z< (_WFMAX_) 2( "= # 20.0 E\0% "Z>" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#! "Z?"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  &$v@ 85,81,83 2\&$vA" 2GleamsManualTableH4,Close-seedlegumes &$vB SR/poor;CroppingandResidue=Close-seedlegumes, $: C SR/goodcondition(USDA,1990) -#!% D"\ -ManningsNValue 'V"E (_MNGN_) A7 '#F )\(?0.110)\(?A0.110 T\?4'V"G" )\(?0.110 )\(? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,F86HLHLC;Hay,Legumes, 'V"H Conventionaltillage,Glasgow,MN(USDA,2000) -#!'#I"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  ")r$J 0.0010.010 2\\")r$K" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;F86HLHLC;Hay,Legumes, ")r$L Conventionaltillage,Glasgow,MN(USDA,2000)1'%)6%M"  \\ 1  ':))3  &-v(P * dd4dd 4edd e<dd <\(#(#, d , td , td +  @QQQ+ j@ X@XTable4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12_Bearden_ԀSoilParametersforPolkCounty,MinnesotaAlfalfa \\QG/X j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!"\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD," I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!0\Q ;100cm E\\QQ0!0"\\ EDatafromPIC(Birdetal.1992; 0 Burnsetal.,1992),also_NRCS_,  NationalSoilsCharacterization T   Database(_NRCS_,2001)  ^   b\QQQ=  "\z I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons(_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,! E \QQ =4(3BaseHorizonswithtophorizonsplit  E  intwo) E\\QQ0! "\\Q E U\QQB&m  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,ThirdandFourthSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3,4) T\QE/! q" I \QQ THorizonThickness(_THKNS_) >\\/!c \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) c  Ѐ8cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) m  54cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) '  Ѐ28cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\QQ0! "\\ EDatafromPIC(Burnsetal., c  1992)_NRCS_,NationalSoils m  CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, '  2001)   4N!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils K  /ssl/)6V!V A  7NV U   _\QP8 "\ \\QQ I_BulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!# \Q ;1.4gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) #  1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)   1.8gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!G "\\ E H\Q9&K  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent(_THETO_) ;\\,! \Q ;0.377cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) ! 0.292cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) C" 0.285cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!M#"\\ E H\Q9!Q# \\Q IHCompartmentThickness(_DPN_) ;\\,!?$\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) ?% 4.0cm(Horizon=2) I& Ѐ3.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) ' Ѐ4.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!m("\\ E H\Q9&( I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!)\Q ;0.377cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) * 0.292cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) i+ 0.285cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!#s,"\\ E H\Q9!'w, \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!e-\Q ;0.207cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) e. 0.132cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) o/ 0.125cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!)0"\\ E K\QQ:&-0 I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =\\Q,!k1\QQ =4.060%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) k2 0.174%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) %3 0.116%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\QQ0! 4"\\Q E6,*4 0 y \\QQ 6   `    Bird,S.L.,J.M._Cheplick_,R.F._Carsel_,_M.J._Ԁ_Fendley_.1992._Piranaha_ԀVersion3.0,_PRZM_ e"5 InputCollator(PIC)Version2.0.EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.Environmental Q#6 ProtectionAgencyAthens,GA =$7 Burns,L.A.,(Coordinator),_B.W._ԀAllen,Jr.,M.C.Barber,S.L.Bird,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,_M.J._ &e!9 _Fendley_,_D.R._Ԁ_Hartel_,C.A._Kittner_,_F.L._ԀMayer,Jr.,L.A.Suarez,and_S.E._Ԁ_Wooten_.1992. 'Q":  P esticideand I ndustrialChemical R isk Analysisand H azard A ssessment,Version3.0. '=#; (PIRANHA)EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,U.S. ()$< EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.1992. )%= EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. +&?  _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated ,'@ SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof  ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.   EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. t GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. ` EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental L  ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. 8  EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof  ` ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand  L  EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,  8  Washington,D.C. $  EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance   forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions   July2004.#X@XXX@>#XX@   #X@X q#_Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. \ OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, H Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. 4 USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.  \ USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD. H USDA.1984.UsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.FieldCrops,StatisticalReporting   Service,U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,AgricultureHandbook#628,pp.78.   USDA.2000.CropProfileforAlfalfainMinnesota.U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,NSF  CenterforIntegratedPestManagement.Informationfromthewebsite:  4n)а!O  5  http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/.6u!u  7~u l USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. D! DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural 0"  ResearchService(ARS). #l! XX@  &"% #X@Xw#_ %   NORTH_ԀCAROLINAALFALFA(Western) gNx    ThefieldusedtorepresentalfalfaproductioninNorthCarolinaislocatedinWestern d NorthCarolina.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,NorthCarolinaisnotamajor P  producerofalfalfa(notamongthetop20producingstates)intheU.S.Alfalfaisaperennial <  crop,grownonavarietyofsoils,plantedearlyintheyearandmaintainedundercontinuous ( x cultivationona3to5yearcycleatwhichtimeanewcropisplanted.Plantingdepthsrange  d from0.25to1.0inches,dependingonsoiltexture,onlevelseedbeds.Rowspacingis  P  approximately30inches;alfalfaisnotirrigatedinNorthCarolina.Cuttingsrangefrom2to4per  <  year.MostfarmerstakethelastcuttingoftheseasoninSeptember.Alfalfapreferswelldrained (  soilswithapHnearneutral(pH6.76.9).ThesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldisaHelena   sandyloam.Helenasandyloam,isafine,mixed,_semiactive_,thermic,_Aquic_Ԁ_Hapludults_.Much   ofthesesoilsareundercultivationintobacco,cornsoybeans,smallgrains,andvegetable.   Helenasandyloamisaverydeep,moderatelywelldrained,slowlypermeablesoilwithmedium   torapidrunoff.Thesesoilsformedinresiduumweatheredfromamixtureof_felsic_,intermediate, t or_mafic_Ԁigneousorhighgrademetamorphicrocks.Theyarefoundonbroadridgesand ` _toeslopes_ԀofthePiedmontuplandsonslopesof2to10percent,butcanrangefrom0to15 L percent.Helenasandyloamisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupCsoil. 8 XX@*]^ d d d  td td (#(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"pp {7 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforWesternNorthCarolinaAlfalfa h   W\QB/.  { QQQ W`Parameter A\\,!*z\Q AValue A\\Q,!*z"\\ ASource N\Q?'*z" \\Q qNStartingDate L\\=v\Q /@23742/@L  January1,1965 Z\\QECv  /@23742 /@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileAsheville,NC(W03812) J\Q;#v q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\= \Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC!  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileAsheville,NC(W03812) J\Q;#" q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor  ^# (_PFAC_) K\\< "$\Q RQ?0.76RQ?K  0.76  ^%   Y\\QDB "&  RQ?0.76 RQ?\\ Y,_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;# ^' q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor "n( (_SFAC_) )\\"2)\Q )  0.36cmC1 "n*   8\\Q#!"2+ \\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#"n, q \\Q ZJMinimumDepthof .$~- Evaporation(_ANETD_) )\\$B .\Q )  17.5cm .$~/ e  8\\Q#!$B 0 \\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) E\QQQ2#.$~1 Z \\Q E6,*>&!2 0   \QQQ 6  'F#3 & 6  *_\`ddSd Std  td ]^(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforWesternNorthCarolinaAlfalfa ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2\" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.24tons_EI_1* 2\ 2 " 2SoilDataMart(_NRCS_)forRowanCounty,PA.DataforHelena  2  sandyloam,16%slopes,surfacehorizon.#X@X㙀#XX@ -#!  "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N (_USLELS_) @6   q= ףp?1.34q= ףp?@1.34 S\>3 N" q= ףp?1.34 q= ףp? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.5(EPA2004).#X@XR#XX@ -#!J "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) @6 f  ?0.50?@0.50 S\>3 " ?0.50 ? SSetaccordingtoguidance(EPA,2001).NCfarmingpractice   typicallyoncontour;valueconfirmedwith_PRZM_ԀTable5.6 -#!f "\ -FieldArea   Ѐ(AFIELD)    172ha 2\ " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004).#X@X㒔#XX@ -#! "\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   @3@=3 P\;0* "  @3 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!*!"\ -Slope(SLP)  F" 6% 2\F#" 2Valuemidpointofseriessloperange(EPA,2001) -#!F$"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  N% 600m 2\N&" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!N'"\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr(      ^)   '΋& *  *a\bd ddd dd dd _\`(#(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforWesternNorthCarolinaAlfalfa ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PSettofallowpriortonewcropplanting. -#! 2 "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) =3    ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping j  Periods .  (_NCPDS_) >4    :@26:@>26 Q\<1j "  :@26 :@ QSettoweatherdata.Asheville,NC(W03812) -#!j "\ -Maximumrainfall J  interceptionstorageofcrop   (_CINTCP_) @6   ?0.25?@0.25 S\>3J " ?0.25 ? S_PRZM_,Table5.4(EPA,1998). J  Alfalfainterceptionstoragedepthmuchlike   grass/pasture/hay.PICvaluewithinrangeofTable5.4   andaccepted. -#!F"\ -MaximumActiveRoot  Depth(_AMXDR_)  b 100cm 2\ " 2#X@X㣗#XX@Maximumrootingdepthsettosoilprofiledepth. ! #X@X-#XX@Alfalfarootsmaybeasdeepas20feetwitharangeof b" 8-12feetcommon(USDA2000a)#X@X㴦#XX@. &v# Parametervaluemaybeinconsistentwithdifferent :$ alfalfascenariosduetodifferentsources.#X@X_#XX@ -#!%"\ -MaximumCanopy V& Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5 ' Y@100Y@?100 R\=2V(" Y@100 Y@ RSettodefaultforrowcrops(EPA,2001) -#!V)"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition "r* AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 6+  @3@=3 P\;0"r,"  @3 @ PSettoresidueforwintermonthsafterlastharvest "r- duringmultiyeargrowthandduringwinteroflast 6. yearsofgrowth. -#!/"\ -DateofCropEmergence R0 (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) A7 1 `@38355`@A01/04 X\C4R2" `@38355 `@ X4ctoe!O  5  http://forage.cas.psu.edu/docs/species/alfalfa.html6!   7gY!ˬԀ R3 4dg<!O  5  http://forages.orst.edu/IS/NAIS/default.cfm6w!   7g Ԁ 4 NChasbothFallandSpring_plantings_.SettoSpring 5 plantingperiodusingmid-pointdates.Emergence N 6 7-10daysafterplanting.Maturationoccurs !b7 approximately60daysafterplanting.Threeand !&8 sometimes4cuttingsperseason.Harvestsettolast "9 eventassuming4cuttingssinceFallplantingbegins ^#: lateAugustearlySept.inNC.Eachcuttingmayoccur "$r; 28-30daysafterlast. >42$6 <"\ >DateofCropMaturity  = (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)  !> 28/05 6! ?" 6 '] ? 'DateofCropHarvest #@ (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_)  D$A 28/08 6!#B" 6 '#lB 'MaximumDryWeight ?&!C (_WFMAX_) 2( 'S"D # 20.0 E\0%?&!E" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!?&!F"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  [(#G 87,83,86 2\[(#H" 2GleamsManualTableH4,pasture/range,non-CNT, [(#I poorcondition(USDA,1990) -#!)o$J"\ -ManningsNValue w*%K (_MNGN_) A7 ;+&L )\(?0.110)\(?A0.110 T\?4w*%M" )\(?0.110 )\(? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,NB0PWPWN;Pasture,warm-season, w*%N no-till,Asheville,NC(USDA,2000) -#!;+&O"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_) A7 ,'P Mbp?0.004Mbp?A0.004 T\\?4,'Q" Mbp?0.004 Mbp? T_RUSLE_ԀProject;NB0PWPWN;Pasture,warm-season, ,'R no-till,Asheville,NC(USDA,2000)2(&W-(S"  \\ 2Ї'*ef dd4dd 4edd e<dd <a\b(#(#, d , td , td +  @QQQ+88 j@ X@XTable4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12HelenaSoilParametersforWesternNorthCarolinaAlfalfa \\QG/0 j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!&v"\Q AValue A\\Q,!&v"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD,&v" I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!h \Q ;100cm E\\QQ0!h "\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils h   CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, " r  2001)  ,   b\QQQ=  "\]: I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons(_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,! p \QQ =4(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0! p"\\Q E U\QQB&  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,ThirdandFourthSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3,4) T\QE/ (" I \QQ THorizonThickness(_THKNS_) >\\/!j \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) j  20cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) $  18cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)   Ѐ52cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\QQ0!H "\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils j  CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, $  2001)   4gN!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils H  /ssl/)6!+  7NY R    milton.cortes@nc.usda.gov v    _DBAPE_  M _\QP8-\vB \\QQ I_BulkDensity(BD) ;\\,! .\Q ;1.55gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)  / 1.51gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) D 0 1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!N1"\\ E H\Q9&R 1 I \\Q HInitialWaterContent(_THETO_) ;\\,!@2\Q ;0.153cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) @3 0.250cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) J4 0.322cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!5"\\ E H\Q9!5 \\Q IHCompartmentThickness(_DPN_) ;\\,!F6\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) F7 5.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) 8 3.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) j9 Ѐ4.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!$t:"\\ E H\Q9&n: I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!f;\Q ;0.153cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) f< 0.250cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)  p= 0.322cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!*>"\\ E H\Q9!.> \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!l?\Q ;0.053cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) l@ 0.120cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) &A 0.192cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!B"\\ E K\QQ:&B I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =\\Q,!"C\QQ =1.16%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) "D 0.174(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)  E 0.116%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\QQ0!F!F"\\Q E6,*JF 0 y \\QQ 6EPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043) #lG EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. $XH EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. %0!J _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated &"K SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof '#L ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. (#M EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. |*%O GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. h+&P EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental T,'Q ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. @-(R ЇEPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof  ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand  EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,  Washington,D.C. t #X@XXX@+#EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance L  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions 8  July2004. $ t _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands.  L  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,  8  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. $  USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.   USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.   USDA.1984.UsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.FieldCrops,StatisticalReporting p Service,U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,AgricultureHandbook#628,pp.78. \ USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. 4 DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural  p ResearchService(ARS).  \ USDA.2000a.CropProfileforAlfalfainMinnesota.U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,NSF 4 CenterforIntegratedPestManagement.Informationfromthewebsite:   4u)а!O  5  http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/.6 !3)  7~L   XX@  l  #X@X#XX@ %   #X@XL#NORTHCAROLINACORN(Western) |  H   ThefieldusedtorepresentcornproductioninWesternNorthCarolinaislocatedin   HendersonCounty.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,NorthCarolinaisranked9th   amongmajorcornproducingstatesintheU.S.Cornisplantedthroughoutthestatewiththe   largestproductionlocatedinthecoastalplainandtidewaterregions.Sweetcornisproduced   mainlyonthecoastalplain(_MLRA_Ԁ153AandB).Thecropisgenerallyplantedintheearly    Spring(April)andharvestedbeginninginAugust.Continuouscornispracticeismuchofthe l   region,especiallyinthePiedmont.However,rotationwithothercropssuchassoybeanisthe X  principalpracticedonthecoastalplain.Mostofthecornisplantedforfeedgrain.Planting D  depthandrowspacing(generally30inches)followsgeneralpracticesfortheU.S.Conventional 0  tillagedominatesmanagementpractices,followedbynotillage.However,conservationtillageis l  continuingtogrow.Thecropisrarelygrownunderirrigation,exceptforsweetcorn.Thesoil X  selectedtosimulatethefieldisa_Chewacla_Ԁloam._Chewacla_Ԁloamisafineloamy,mixed,active, D thermic_Fluvaquentic_Ԁ_Dystrudepts_.Mostoftheseriesisclearedforpastureorplantedinrow 0 crops,mostlycornwiththeremainderinsmallgrainandhay._Chewacla_Ԁloamisaverydeep,  somewhatpoorlydrained,slowrunoff,moderatelypermeablesoilformedinrecentalluvium  washedlargelyfromsoilsformedinresiduumfrommetamorphicandigneousrocks.Theyare  locatedonfloodplains.Slopesaregenerallybetween0to2percent.Thesoilsareextensive  throughouttheregion._Chewacla_Ԁloamisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupCsoil.XX@ | *{| d d d  td td ef(#(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ" {7 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforHendersonCountyNorthCarolinaWesternCorn \   \\QG/"r  { QQQ q\Parameter A\\,!n\Q AValue A\\Q,!n"\\ ASource S\QD,n" q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=  \Q /@23742/@L  January1,1965 Z\\QEC !  /@23742 /@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileAsheville,NC(W03812) J\Q;# " q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=!V#\Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC!V$  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileAsheville,NC(W03812) J\Q;#!V% q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor R"& (_PFAC_) K\\<#f'\Q RQ?0.76RQ?K  0.76 R"( s  Y\\QDB#f)  RQ?0.76 RQ?\\ Y_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#R"* q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor b$+ (_SFAC_) )\\&%v ,\Q )  0.36cmC1 b$- <  8\\Q#!&%v . \\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) C\Q\2#b$/ q \\Q ZCMinimumDepthof r&!0 Evaporation(_ANETD_) +\\\6'"1\Q\ +  17.5cm r&!2   8\\\Q#!6'"3 \\\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998)3)'r&!4 Z  \\\Q 3  ($5 &   *}\~ddSd Std  td {|(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforHendersonCountyNorthCarolinaWestern d Corn *  ;& ;Parameter A,!F" AValue A,!F" ASource 6,!F" 6MethodtoCalculate N  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' b '4(MUSS) 2\N  " 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!N  "\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor j   (_USLEK_) '. ~  '0.29tons_EI_1* 2\j  " 2FARMManual,Table3.1(EPA,1985) -#!j "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor   (_USLELS_) @6 J  ?0.20?@0.20 S\>3 " ?0.20 ? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS   =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope J  length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m ^  (defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA2004).#X@X#XX@ 2(!" "\ '2_USLE_ԀPFactor *z  (_USLEP_) @6 >  ?1.00?@1.00 S\>3*z " ?1.00 ? S_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998). *z  Nocontourplowingsinceslopeis0-2%. 2(&> " ' \ 2FieldArea Q (AFIELD)  e 172ha 2\Q" 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004).#X@XH#XX@. -#!Q"\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ m (_IREG_) =3 1   @3@=3 P\;0m!"  @3 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!m""\ -Slope(SLP)  # 1% 2\$" 2Medianvalueofrange(02%)(EPA2004). -#!%"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  1& 600m 2\1'" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!1("\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr9)      A*   '& '  *\d ddd dd dd }\~(#(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforHendersonCountyNorthCarolinaWesternCorn ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PSettoconditionspriortocropplanting -#! 2 "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) =3    ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping j  Periods .  (_NCPDS_) >4    :@26:@>26 Q\<1j "  :@26 :@ QSettoweatherdata.MeteorologicalFileAsheville, j  NC(W03812) -#!. "\ -Maximumrainfall J  interceptionstorageofcrop   (_CINTCP_) @6   ?0.25?@0.25 S\>3J " ?0.25 ? S_PRZM_ԀTable5.4(EPA,1998), J  maximumvalue. -#! "\ -MaximumActiveRoot * Depth(_AMXDR_)   90cm 2\*" 2Medianvalue(60120cm)(Table59.EPA1998).#X@X1#XX@ -#!* "\ -MaximumCanopy F! Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5  " Y@100Y@?100 R\=2F#" Y@100 Y@ RTakenfromILcorn.Alsoconsistentwithdefaultvalue F$ citedinguidance(EPA2004).#X@X #XX@ -#! %"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition b& AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 &'  @3@=3 P\;0b("  @3 @ PNCcorn(Eastern)parametervalue. -#!b)"\ -DateofCropEmergence .~* (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_)  B+ 25/04 6\!.~," 6UsualPlantingandHarvestDatesforUSFieldCrops .~- (USDA,1984) B.  >42/"}J\ >DateofCropMaturity J0 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) A7 ^1 @@36930@@A02/09 XC4J2" @@36930 @@ X '62 'DateofCropHarvest f3 (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_)  *z4 17/09 6!f5" 6 'R5 'MaximumDryWeight  6 (_WFMAX_) 2( F!7 # 20.0 E\0% 8" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#! 9"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  ": 89,86,87 2\";" 2GleamsManualTableH4,FallowSR/CT/poor, "< CroppingandResidue=RowCropSR/CT/poor b#= (USDA,1990) -#!&$v>"\ -ManningsNValue ~% ? (_MNGN_) A7 B&!@ y&1?0.014y&1?A0.014 T\?4~% A" y&1?0.014 y&1? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,NB0CGHLC,Corn,Grain, ~% B conventionaltillage,Asheville,NC(USDA,2000) -#!B&!C"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  '"D 0.1000.462 2\'"E" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;NB0CGHLC,Corn,Grain, '"F conventionaltillage,Asheville,NC ^(#G (USDA,2000)1'%")r$H"  \ 1e  ''9  +&J * dd4dd 4edd e<dd <\e(#e(#,d , td , td +  @QQQ+tt j@ X@XTable4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12_Chewacla_ԀSoilParametersforHendersonCountyNorthCarolinaWesternCorn \\QG/l j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!b"\Q AValue A\\Q,!b"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD,b" I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!\Q ;100cm E\\QQ0!"\\ EPIC(Burns,1992).Confirmedwith:  _NRCS_,NationalSoilsCharacterization ^   Database(_NRCS_,2001)  h   b\QQQ= " "\i I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons \   (_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,! f \QQ =4(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0!\ "\\Q E U\QQB& $ 0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,Third,andFourthSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3,4) Y\QJ/ " I \QQ IYHorizonThickness    (_THKNS_) >\\/! \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)    40cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3,4) E\\QQ0! "\\ EPIC(Burns,1992).Confirmedwith:    _NRCS_,NationalSoilsCharacterization   Database(_NRCS_,2001) >  4 t!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)6@"!T"  7r"" H       *   d\QU=&v \q I \\QQ IdBulkDensity(BD) ;\\,! \Q ;1.6gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)   1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3,4) E\\Q0! "\\ E H\Q9&>  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent   (_THETO_) ;\\,!| \Q ;0.244cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)   0.270cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) | ! 0.269cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!6""\\ E C\Q4!: " \\Q CCompartmentThickness x# (_DPN_) ;\\,!2$\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) x% 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2,3,4) E\\Q0!2&"\\ E C\Q4!@& \\Q CFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!t'\Q ;0.244cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) t( 0.270cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) .~) 0.269cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!8*"\\ E H\Q9!<* \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!*z+\Q ;0.094cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) *z, 0.12cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) 4- 0.119cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!."\\ E K\QQ:&. I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent 0/ (OC) =\\Q,!0\QQ =2.32%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) 01 0.174%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) 2 0.116%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\QQ0!T3"\\Q E6,*X3 0 y \\QQ 6Burns.1992.Burns,L.A.,(Coordinator),_B.W._ԀAllen,Jr.,M.C.Barber,S.L.Bird,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_, *z4 _M.J._Ԁ_Fendley_,_D.R._Ԁ_Hartel_,C.A._Kittner_,_F.L._ԀMayer,Jr.,L.A.Suarez,and_S.E._Ԁ_Wooten_.  f5  P esticideand I ndustrialChemical R isk Analysisand H azard A ssessment,Version3.0. !R6 (PIRANHA)EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,U.S. !>7 EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.1992. "*8 EPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043) $ : EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. % ; EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. v'"= _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated b(#> SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof N)$? ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. :*%@ EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. ,b'B  GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. ,N(C EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental  ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C.   EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof t ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand ` EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency, L  Washington,D.C. 8  EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance  ` forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions  L  July2004.#X@XXX@N#XX@  8  #X@X:#_Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands.   OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,   Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.   USDA.1984.UsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.FieldCrops,StatisticalReporting p Service,U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,AgricultureHandbook#628,pp.78. \ USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. 4 USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.  p USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. H DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural 4 ResearchService(ARS).   XX@     #X@X@# XX@  #X@X|@# %   NORTHDAKOTACORN bl@  4   ThefieldusedtorepresentcornproductioninNorthDakotaislocatedin_Pembina_ԀCounty   intheRedRiverValley.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,NorthDakotaisranked   19thamongmajorproducersofcornintheU.S.ThecropisgenerallyplantedtheSpring(April)   andharvestedbeginninginAugust.Continuouscornispracticeismuchoftheregion.However,    rotationwithothercropssuchaswheatisalsopracticed.Mostofthecornisplantedforfeed l   grain.Plantingdepthandrowspacing(generally30inches)followsgeneralpracticesfortheU.S. X  Conventionaltillagedominatesmanagementpractices,followedbynotillage.However, D  conservationtillageiscontinuingtogrow.Thecropisoftengrownunderirrigation.Thesoil 0  selectedtosimulatethefieldisabenchmarksoil,_Bearden_Ԁsiltyclayloam._Bearden_Ԁsiltyclay l  loam,isafinesilty,mixed,_superactive_,frigid_Aeric_Ԁ_Calciaquolls_.Thesesoilsarenearlyallunder X  cultivationtosmallgrains,especiallyalfalfa,androwcrops._Bearden_Ԁsiltyclayloamisavery D deep,somewhatpoorlydrained,slowlypermeablesoilwithnegligibletohighrunoff.Thesesoils 0 formedincalcareoussiltloamandsiltyclayloamlacustrinesediments.Theyaregenerallyfound  onglaciallakeplainsatelevationsfrom650to2000feetabovemeansealevelonslopesof0to3  percent._Bearden_Ԁsiltyclayloamisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupCsoil.    XX@* d dd  td td e(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ",|,| {7 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersfor_Pembina_ԀCounty,NorthDakotaCorn $   \\QG/  { QQQ q\KParameter A\\,!6\Q AValue A\\Q,!6"\\ ASource S\QD,6" q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=2\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QEC2  @@22281 @@\\ ZLMeteorologicalFileFargo,ND(W14914) J\Q;#2  q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=~!\Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC~"  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileFargo,ND(W14914) J\Q;#~# q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor  $ (_PFAC_) K\\<!%\Q ?0.75?K  0.75  & O  Y\\QDB!'  ?0.75 ?\\ YO_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;# ( q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor "*) (_SFAC_) )\\#*\Q )  0.36mC1 "*+ fQ  8\\Q#!#, \\ 8Q_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) C\Q\2#"*- q \\Q ZCMinimumDepthof $: . Evaporation(_ANETD_) +\\\% /\Q\ +  12.5cm $: 0 S  8\\\Q#!% 1 \\\ 83 N" ?0.25 ? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA2004).#X@XI#XX@ -#!J "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) ?5 f  ?1.0??1.0 R\=2 " ?1.0 ? RSetaccordingtoguidance(EPA,2001).Nomanagement   practiceassumed,lowslopesoil. -#!f "\ -FieldArea   (AFIELD)    172ha 2\ " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004).#X@Xh\#XX@ -#! "\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   @3@=3 *  P\;0 "  @3 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!*!"\ -Slope(SLP)  F" 1.5% 2\F#" 2Valuemidpointofseriessloperange(EPA,2001) -#!F$"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  N% 600m 2\N&" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!N'"\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr(       m        ^)   '%T& v(  * \ d ddd dd dd \ e(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersfor_Pembina_ԀCounty,NorthDakotaCorn ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PSetfallowpriortonewcropplanting.Defaultforrow  2  crops. -#!  "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N (_NDC_) =3    ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping j  Periods .  (_NCPDS_) >4    >@30>@>30 Q\<1j "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Fargo,ND(W14914) -#!j "\ -Maximumrainfall J  interceptionstorageofcrop   (_CINTCP_) @6   ?0.25?@0.25 S\>3J " ?0.25 ? S_PRZM_,Table5.4(EPA,1998) -#!J "\ -MaximumActiveRoot * Depth(_AMXDR_)   Ѐ90cm 2\*" 2Medianvalue(60120cm)(Table59.EPA1998).#X@X7_#XX@ -#!*"\ -MaximumCanopy F  Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5  ! Y@100Y@?100 R\=2F"" Y@100 Y@ RTakenfromILcorn.Alsoconsistentwithdefaultvalue F# citedinguidance(EPA2004).#X@Xm#XX@ -#! $"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition b% AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 &&  ?1?=1 P\;0b'"  ?1 ? PFallowconditionsafterharvestinpreparationfor b( wintercrop -#!&)"\ -DateofCropEmergence .~* (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) A7 B+ @37015@A05/05 T\?4.~," @37015 @ T4 !O  5  http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/rowcrops/6ir!}r\  7,!rԀ -#!.~-"\ -DateofCropMaturity J. (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) A7 ^/ @@37018@@A05/08 T\?4J0" @@37018 @@ T4 ,!O  5  http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/rowcrops6et!yt\  7,!tԀ -#!J1"\ -DateofCropHarvest f2 (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_) A7 *z3 .@37232.@A12/08 T\?4f4" .@37232 .@ T4,!O  5  http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/rowcrops6_v!sv\  7,!vԀ -#!f5"\ -MaximumDryWeight  6 (_WFMAX_) 2( F!7 # 20.0  8   ( E\0%F!9 #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#! :"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  "; 89,86,87 2\"<" 2GleamsManualTableH4,FallowSR/CT,poor "= condition;CroppingandResidue=RowCrop b#> SR/CT/Poor(USDA,1990) -#!&$v?"\ -ManningsNValue ~% @ (_MNGN_) A7 B&!A Zd;O?0.023Zd;O?A0.023 T\?4~% B" Zd;O?0.023 Zd;O? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,F86CGWSC;Corn,grain, ~% C conventionaltillage,Fargo,ND(USDA,2000) -#!B&!D"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_) %\ '"E %0.0280.305 A\\,!'"F"\ A_RUSLE_ԀProject;F86CGWSC;Corn,grain, '"G conventionaltillage,Fargo,ND(USDA,2000)1'%^(#H"  \\ 1'v(c  b,'L * !edd4dd 4edd e<dd < \ e(#e(#, d , td , td +  @QQQ+tt j@ #X@Xo#Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12_Bearden_ԀSoilParametersfor_Pembina_ԀCounty,NorthDakotaCorn \\QG/l j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!b"\Q AValue A\\Q,!b"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD,b" I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!\Q ;100cm E\\QQ0!"\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils  CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, ^   2001)  h   b\QQQ= " "\y I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons(_NHORIZ_) \\\QK!\  \QQ  @4@\4 c\\QQN?\  "  @4 @\\Q c U\QQB& $  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,ThirdandFourthSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3,4) T\QE/ d" I \QQ THorizonThickness(_THKNS_) >\\/!V \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) V  Ѐ8cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) `  54cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)   Ѐ28cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\QQ0! "\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils V  CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, `  2001)   4#N!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils   /ssl/)6ˆ!߆\  7N  >   _\QP8H "\x \\QQ I_BulkDensity(BD) ;\\,! \Q ;1.4gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)   1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)   1.8gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!: "\\ E H\Q9&>  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent(_THETO_) ;\\,!|\Q ;0.377cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) | 0.292cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) 6  0.285cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!@!"\\ E H\Q9!D! \\Q IHCompartmentThickness(_DPN_) ;\\,!2"\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) 2# 4.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) <$ 3.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) % Ѐ4.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!`&"\\ E H\Q9&& I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!'\Q ;0.377cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) ( 0.292cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) \) 0.285cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!f*"\\ E H\Q9!j* \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!X+\Q ;0.207cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) X, 0.132cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) b- 0.125cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\Q0!."\\ E K\QQ:& . I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =\\Q,!^/\QQ =4.06%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) ^0 0.174%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) 1 0.116%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) E\\QQ0! 2"\\Q E6,*2 0 y \\QQ 6EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. X"3 _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated D#4 SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof 0$5 ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. %l 6 EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. &D"8 GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. '0#9 EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental ($: ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. )%; EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof +&=  ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand |,'> EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,  Washington,D.C.        m EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance t forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions ` July2004.XX@ L  #X@X㼛#_Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. $ t OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,  ` Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.  L  ЀUSDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. $  USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.   USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.   DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural   ResearchService(ARS). p   \  % #  OREGONBERRIES(Blackberries) 7     ThefieldusedtorepresentblackberryproductioninOregonislocatedinMarionCounty, ` intheWillametteValley.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Oregonistheleading L  stateintheproductionofblackberriesintheU.S.MarionCountyleadsOregoninacresplantedin 8  1997.ThreetypesofblackberriesgrowinOregon:trailing,erect,andsemierect.Blackberries $ t areplantedintheSpringfromtissuecultures4to6feetapartinrows.The_primocanes_Ԁaretrained  ` ona2wiretrellisuntilthecanesproducefruitthefollowingyear.Oncefruitappear,new  L  _primocanes_Ԁreplacethepreviousyears.Ittakethreeyearstostartfullproductionofblackberries.  8  Fieldsmaybeineveryyearoralternateyearproduction.Berriesarepickedevery4to5days,in $  themorning,beginninginearlyJuly.Blackberriesrequiresupplementalwateringthrough   irrigationinsuchamannerastopreventexcessiveandprolongedwetnesswhichencourages   disease.Thesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldisabenchmarksoil,_Woodburn_Ԁsiltloam.   _Woodburn_Ԁsiltloam,isafinesiltymixed,_superactive_,_mesic_Ԁ_Aquultic_Ԁ_Agrixerolls_.Theseriesis   usedtoproduceberries,orchards,cannerycrops,grain,hay,andpasture._Woodburn_Ԁsiltloamisa p verydeep,moderatelywelldrained,slowlypermeablesoilwithslowtomediumrunoff.These \ soilsformedinstratified_glacio_ԀlacustrinedepositsofthePleistoceneage.Theyarefoundon H nearlyleveltogentlyslopingbroadvalleyterracesatelevationsof150to400feetabovemeansea 4 levelonslopesof0to55percent.TheseriesisextensiveintheWillametteValley._Woodburn_  p siltloamisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupCsoil.  \     XX@* d ed d  td td !e(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"DD {7 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforMarionCountyOregonBerries <   \\QG/  { QQQ q\Parameter A\\,!N\Q AValue A\\Q,!N"\\ ASource S\QD,N" q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=J\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QECJ   @@22281 @@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileSalem,OR(W24232) J\Q;#J! q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\= "\Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC #  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileSalem,OR(W24232) J\Q;# $ q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor !2% (_PFAC_) K\\<"&\Q Gz?0.74Gz?K  0.74 !2'   Y\\QDB"(  Gz?0.74 Gz?\\ YȰ_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#!2) q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor #B* (_SFAC_) )\\$ +\Q )  0.16cmC1 #B, \  8\\Q#!$ - \\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) C\Q\2##B. q \\Q ZCMinimumDepthof &R!/ Evaporation(_ANETD_) +\\\&"0\Q\ +  17.5cm &R!1   8\\\Q#!&"2 \\\ 84_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998)3)'&R!3 Z  \\\Q 3      N(#4 &   *\ddSd Std  td e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforMarionCountyOregonBerries ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2\" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.32tons_EI_1* 2\ 2 " 2SoilDataMartDatabaseforMarionCounty,OR.Datafor  2  _Woodburn_Ԁsiltloam,312%slopes.    4P ^t!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6!   7 ^ߺ -#!j "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor   (_USLELS_) @6    ףp= @3.63 ףp= @@3.63 S\>3 "  ףp= @3.63  ףp= @ SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS   =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m J  (defaultvalue)andm=0.5(EPA2004). -#!^ "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor f  (_USLEP_) ?5 *z  ?0.5??0.5 R\=2f " ?0.5 ? RSetaccordingtoguidance(EPA,2001) -#!f "\ -FieldArea   (AFIELD)  F 172ha 2\ " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004).          j     -#!F\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_  (_IREG_) =3 b   @2@=2 P\;0!"  @2 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!""\ -Slope(SLP)   # Ѐ12%  $     2\~% 2Range:055%.Sincemaximumis>12%,valueissetto6%for  & rowcrop(EPA2004). -#!~'"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  &( 600m 2\&)" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!&*"\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr.~+      6,   '5& &  *\d ddd dd dd \e(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforMarionCounty,OregonBerries ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PSettoresiduepriortonewcropplanting -#! 2 "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) =3    ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping j  Periods .  (_NCPDS_) >4    >@30>@>30 Q\<1j "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Salem,OR(W24232) -#!j "\ -Maximumrainfall J  interceptionstorageofcrop   (_CINTCP_) ?5   ?0.1??0.1 R\=2J " ?0.1 ? R_PRZM_ԀManual,Table5.4(EPA,1998) -#!J "\ -MaximumActiveRoot * Depth(_AMXDR_)   Ѐ90cm 2\*" 2_Bernadine_Ԁ_Strik_,OregonStateUniversity; * strikb@bcc.orst.edu -#!"\ -MaximumCanopy F  Coverage(_COVMAX_) >4  !  4@204@>Ѐ20 Q\<1F""  4@20 4@ Q_Bernadine_Ԁ_Strik_,OregonStateUniversity; F# strikb@bcc.orst.edu -#! $"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition b% AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 &&  @2@=2 P\;0b'"  @2 @ PContinuouscultivation -#!b("\ -DateofCropEmergence .~) (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) A7 B* `@38355`@A01/04 X\C4.~+" `@38355 `@ X_Bernadine_Ԁ_Strik_,OregonStateUniversity; .~, 4hX!O  5  strikb@bcc.orst.edu60!D   7r B- Emergencedatesetto_Primocane_Ԁemergence. . Maturitydatesettomiddleofseason. z/     >42>0xx\ >DateofCropMaturity J1 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)  ^2 30/07 6!J3" 6 '63 'DateofCropHarvest f4 (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_)  *z5 30/07 6!f6" 6 'R6 'MaximumDryWeight  7 (_WFMAX_) 2( F!8 # 20.0 E\0% 9" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#! :"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  "; 84,79,82 2\"<" 2GleamsManualTableH4,Meadow,conditiongood. "= (USDA,1990) -#!b#>"\ -ManningsNValue $ ? (_MNGN_) A7 ~% @ Zd;O?0.023Zd;O?A0.023 T\?4$ A" Zd;O?0.023 Zd;O? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,A12GBGBCGrapesAlleyway,Clear $ B Rows(USDA,2000) -#!~% C"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  &&"D 0.3020.553 2\\\\&&"E" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject; A12GBGBCGrapesAlleyway,Clear &&"F Rows (USDA,2000)1'%'"G"  \\\\ 1     m X@X'&Z  f*%I * dd4dd 4edd e<dd <\e(#e(#, d , td , td +  @QQQ+ j@ Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12_Woodburn_ԀSoilParametersforMarionCounty,OregonBerries \\QG/D j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!"\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD," I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!\Q ;203cm E\\QQ0!"\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils  CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_,    2001) @    b\QQQ= J "\ I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons(_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!  \QQ =7(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0!  "\\Q E U\QQB& L  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,Third,Fourth,Fifth,Sixth,andSeventhSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3,4,5,6,7) T\QE/< " I \QQ THorizonThickness(_THKNS_) >\\/!~ \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) ~  13cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) 8  20cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) B  40cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4,6)   50cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) f  30cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=7) E\\QQ0! p "\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils ~  CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, 8  2001) B  4N!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils   /ssl/)6!0.5  7N& f   _\QP8 p "\ \\QQ I_BulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!b \Q ;1.44gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,5) b  1.53gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) l 1.45gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) & 1.37gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=6,7) E\\Q0! "\\ E H\Q9&*  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent(_THETO_) ;\\,!"!\Q ;0.301cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) "" 0.350cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) # 0.388cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) F$ 0.394cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) P% 0.418cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=6)  & 0.404cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=7) E\\Q0!t'"\\ E H\Q9!J' \\Q IHCompartmentThickness(_DPN_) ;\\,!(\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) ) Ѐ1.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) p* 5.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3,4,5,6,7) E\\Q0!*z+"\\ E H\Q9&.~+ I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!l,\Q ;0.301cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) l- 0.350cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) &v. 0.388cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) 0/ 0.394cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) 0 0.418cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=6) T 1 0.404cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=7) E\\Q0!!^2"\\ E H\Q9!42 \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!P"3\Q ;0.134cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) P"4 0.153cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)  #Z5 0.177cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) #6 0.185cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) ~$7 0.173cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=6) 8% 8 0.156cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=7) E\\Q0!%B!9"\\ E K\QQ:&!9 I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =\\Q,!4'":\QQ =1.86%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) 4'"; 0.56%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) '>#< 0.3%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) (#= 0.112%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) b)$> 0.07%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=6) *l%? 0.06%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=7) E\\QQ0!*&&@"\\Q E6,*&!@ 0 y \\QQ 6EPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043) ,'A EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. -(B ЇEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr.  _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated  SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof  ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. t EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. L  GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. 8  EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental $ t ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C.  ` EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof  8  ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand $  EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,   Washington,D.C.   EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance   forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions p July2004. \ _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. 4 OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,  p Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.  \ USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. 4 USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.   USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural  ResearchService(ARS).    0"   % %  OREGONSWEETCORN zԀ     ThefieldusedtorepresentsweetcornproductioninOregonislocatedinMarionCounty, d intheWillametteValley.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Oregonisranked4thin P  sweetcornforprocessing.Onlyasmallpercentisproducedforthefreshmarket.MarionCounty <  farmersharvestthemostacresinthestate.ThecropisgenerallyplantedintheearlySpring ( x (May)andharvestedbeginninginSeptember.Continuoussweetcornispracticeismuchofthe  d region,however,rotationwithothercropsispracticedaswell.Plantingdepthandrowspacing  P  (generally30inches)followsgeneralpracticesfortheU.S.Conventionaltillagedominates,  <  followedbyconservationtillageandno-tillage.Thecropisrarelygrownunderirrigation.The (  soilselectedtosimulatethefieldisabenchmarksoil,_Woodburn_Ԁsiltloam._Woodburn_Ԁsiltloam,   isafinesiltymixed,_superactive_,_mesic_Ԁ_Aquultic_Ԁ_Agrixerolls_.Theseriesisusedtoproduce   berries,orchards,cannerycrops,grain,hay,andpasture._Woodburn_Ԁsiltloamisaverydeep,   moderatelywelldrained,slowlypermeablesoilwithslowtomediumrunoff.Thesesoilsformed   instratified_glacio_ԀlacustrinedepositsofthePleistoceneage.Theyarefoundonnearlylevelto t gentlyslopingbroadvalleyterracesatelevationsof150to400feetabovemeansealevelon ` slopesof0to55percent.TheseriesisextensiveintheWillametteValley._Woodburn_Ԁsiltloamis L a_Hydrologic_ԀGroupCsoil. 8 * d d d  td td e(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"88 {7 XX@Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforMarionCountyOregonSweetCorn    \\QG/V  { QQQ q\Parameter A\\,!\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ ASource S\QD," q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=>\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QEC>  @@22281 @@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileSalem,OR(W24232) J\Q;#> q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=: \Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC:!  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileSalem,OR(W24232) J\Q;#:" q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor  # (_PFAC_) K\\<J!$\Q Gz?0.74Gz?K  0.74  % ~  Y\\QDBJ!&  Gz?0.74 Gz?\\ Y_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;# ' q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor "( (_SFAC_) )\\Z#)\Q )  0.36cmC1 "* G  8\\Q#!Z#+ \\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) C\Q\2#", q \\Q ZCMinimumDepthof $- Evaporation(_ANETD_) +\\\j% .\Q\ +  17.5cm $/   8\\\Q#!j% 0 \\\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998)3)'$1 Z  \\\Q 3  &B"2 &   *\ddSd Std  td e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforMarionCountyOregonSweetCorn ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!" 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.33tons_EI_1* 2 2 " 2FarmManual,Table3.1(EPA,1985) -#! 2 " -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N  (_USLELS_) @6   q= ףp?1.34q= ףp?@1.34 S>3 N" q= ףp?1.34 q= ףp? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.5(EPA2004).#X@X9#XX@ -#!J " -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) ?5 f  ?1.0??1.0 R=2 " ?1.0 ? RSetaccordingtoguidance(EPA,2001) -#! " -FieldArea   (AFIELD)    172ha 2 " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004).#X@X!#XX@ -#! " -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   @2@=2 P;0*"  @2 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!*" -Slope(SLP)  F  Ѐ6% 2F!" 2Value#X@X##XX@settomaximumforrowcrops(EPA,2001) F" slopes:055%#X@X%#XX@ -#! #" -HydraulicLength(HL)  b$ 600m 2b%" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!b&" 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hrj'      "r(   '& *  *\d ddd dd dd \e(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforMarionCounty,OregonSweetCorn ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PSettoresiduepriortonewcropplanting -#! 2 "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) =3    ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping j  Periods .  (_NCPDS_) >4    >@30>@>30 Q\<1j "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Salem,OR(W24232) -#!j "\ -Maximumrainfall J  interceptionstorageofcrop   (_CINTCP_) @6   ?0.25?@0.25 S\>3J " ?0.25 ? S_PRZM_ԀManual,Table5.4(EPA,1998), J  minimumvalue. -#! "\ -MaximumActiveRoot * Depth(_AMXDR_)   Ѐ90cm 2\*" 2Medianvalue(60120cm)(Table59.EPA1998).#X@X&#XX@ -#!*"\ -MaximumCanopy F  Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5  ! Y@100Y@?100 R\=2F"" Y@100 Y@ RTakenfromILcorn.Alsoconsistentwithdefaultvalue F# citedinguidance(EPA2004).#X@Xw2#XX@ -#! $"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition b% AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 &&  ?1?=1 P\;0b'"  ?1 ? PCropprofilesayssomearemovingtocovercrops, b( grass,insteadofwheat-mostconservativescenario &) chosen -#!*"\ -DateofCropEmergence B+ (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_)  , 16/05 6\!B-" 6Dan_McGrath_,OSUextensionagent B.      @ Maturation3weeksbeforeharvest,generalrulefor >1 sweetcorn >42R2"xx\ >i7DateofCropMaturity ^3 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)  "4 21/08 6!^5" 6 '5 'DateofCropHarvest *z6 (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_) A7 >7 &@37172&@A10/09 XC4*z8" &@37172 &@ X '8 'MaximumDryWeight F!9 (_WFMAX_) 2(  "Z: # 20.0 E\0%F!;" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!F!<"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  b#= 91,85,87 2\b#>" 2GleamsManualTableH4,SR/fallowandSR/Row b#? cropsfromtableH-4(USDA,1990) -#!&$v@"\ -ManningsNValue ~% A (_MNGN_) A7 B&!B y&1?0.014y&1?A0.014 T\?4~% C" y&1?0.014 y&1? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,A13CSWWC,Corn,Silage, ~% D ConventionalTillage,Salem,OR(USDA,2000) -#!B&!E"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  '"F 0.0990.528 2\'"G" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;A13CSWWC,Corn,Silage, '"H ConventionalTillage,Salem,OR(USDA,2000) 1'!^(#I"\ 1)%J    - )N 'Q(* dd4dd 4edd e<dd <\e(#e(#, d , td , td +  @QQQ+ j@ #X@X64#Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12_Woodburn_ԀSoilParametersforMarionCounty,OregonSweetCorn \\QG/X j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!"\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD," I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!0\Q ;203cm E\\QQ0!0"\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils 0 CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_,  2001) T    b\QQQ= ^ "\a I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons(_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!  \QQ =7(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0!  "\\Q E U\QQB& `  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,Third,Fourth,Fifth,Sixth,andSeventhSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3,4,5,6,7) T\QE/P  " I \QQ THorizonThickness(_THKNS_) >\\/! \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)   13cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) L  20cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) V  40cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4,6)   50cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) z  30cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=7) E\\QQ0!4 "\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils   CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, L  2001) V  4N!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils   /ssl/)6I!IN  7NI z   _\QP84 "\{ \\QQ I_BulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!v \Q ;1.44gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,5) v  1.53gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) 0  1.45gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) : 1.37gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=6,7) E\\Q0!"\\ E H\Q9&>  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent(_THETO_) ;\\,!6 \Q ;0.301cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) 6! 0.350cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) " 0.388cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) Z# 0.394cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) d$ 0.418cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=6) % 0.404cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=7) E\\Q0!&"\\ E H\Q9!^& \\Q IHCompartmentThickness(_DPN_) ;\\,!'\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) ( Ѐ1.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) ) 5.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3,4,5,6,7) E\\Q0!>*"\\ E H\Q9&B* I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!+\Q ;0.301cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) , 0.350cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) :- 0.388cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) D. 0.394cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) / 0.418cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=6) h0 0.404cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=7) E\\Q0!" r1"\\ E H\Q9!H1 \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!d!2\Q ;0.134cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) d!3 0.153cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) "n4 0.177cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) "(5 0.185cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) #6 0.173cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=6) L$7 0.156cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=7) E\\Q0!%V 8"\\ E K\QQ:& ,8 I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =\\Q,!H&!9\QQ =1.86%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) H&!: 0.56%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) 'R"; 0.3%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) ' #< 0.112%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) v(#= 0.07%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=6) 0)$> 0.06%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=7) E\\QQ0!):%?"\\Q E6,*%!? 0 y \\QQ 6EPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043) ,'A EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. -(B ЇEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr.  _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated  SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof  ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. t EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. L  GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. 8  EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental $ t ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C.  ` EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof  8  ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand $  EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,   Washington,D.C.   EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance   forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions p July2004. \ _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. 4 OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,  p Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.  \ USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. 4 USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.   USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural  ResearchService(ARS).    X   % &  OREGONWHEAT(Winter) er h     ThefieldusedtorepresentwheatproductioninOregonislocatedintheWillamette ` Valley.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Oregonisranked8thinwheatproductionin L  theU.S.ThecropisgenerallyplantedintheFall(September)andharvestedthefollowingyear 8  beginninginJuly.Rowspacingrangesfrom6to9incheswithseedsplantedatadepthof2 $ t inchesorless.Thesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldisabenchmarksoil,Bashawclay.Bashaw  ` clayisaveryfine,_smectitic_,_mesic_ԀXeric_Endoaquerts_.Theseriesisusedtoproducespring  L  grainswhichtheremainderinnaturalvegetation.Bashawclayisaverydeep,poorlydrained,  8  veryslowlypermeablesoilwithanapparentwatertableat1footaboveto0.5feetbelowthe $  surfacefromNovembertoMay.Unlessprotected,floodingiscommonfromDecembertoApril.   Thesesoilsformedinfinetexturedalluvium.Theyarefoundonnearlylevelorsomewhatconcave   floodplainsandterracesandgentlyslopingfansatelevationsof90to1,000feetabovemeansea   levelonslopesof0to12percent.Theseriesoccurinsmallbodiesandis_inextensive_Ԁinthe   WillametteValley.Bashawclayisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupDsoil. p      m  XX@*kl d d d  td td e(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"HH {7 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforWillametteValley,OregonWheat    \\QG/f  { QQQ q\pParameter A\\,!\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ ASource S\QD," q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=N\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QECN  @@22281 @@\\ ZrMeteorologicalFileSalem,OR(W24232) J\Q;#N q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=J\Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QECJ  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileSalem,OR(W24232) J\Q;#J q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor   (_PFAC_) K\\<Z!\Q Gz?0.74Gz?K  0.74 " iu  Y\\QDBZ#  Gz?0.74 Gz?\\ Yu_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#$ q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor % (_SFAC_) )\\j &\Q )  0.36cmC1 ' 2w  8\\Q#!j ( \\ 8uw_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#) q \\Q ZJMinimumDepthof !* Evaporation(_ANETD_) )\\z"+\Q )  17.5cm !, x  8\\Q#!z"- \\ 8y_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) E\QQQ2#!. Z \\Q E6,*#/ 0   \QQQ 6  ~% 0 & 6  *\ddSd Std  td kle(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforWillametteValley,OregonWheat ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2\" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.13tons_EI_1* 2\ 2 " 2FARMManual,Table3.1(EPA,1985).Soil=Clay,<.3%OC -#! 2 "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N  (_USLELS_) @6   q= ףp?1.34q= ףp?@1.34 S\>3 N" q= ףp?1.34 q= ףp? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.5(EPA2004).#X@X o#XX@ -#!J "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) ?5 f  ?1.0??1.0 R\=2 " ?1.0 ? RSetaccordingtoguidance;_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.6(EPA,   2001) -#!f "\ -FieldArea   (AFIELD)    172ha 2\ " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004).#X@Xb#XX@ -#! "\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   @2@=2 P\;0*"  @2 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!* "\ -Slope(SLP)  F! Ѐ6% 2\F"" 2Valuesettomedianofrange(012%)#X@X7#XX@(EPA,2001) -#!F#"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  N$ 600m 2\N%" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!N&"\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr'      ^(   '@z& .*  *\d ddd dd dd \e(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforWillametteValley,OregonWheat ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PResidueremovedfromfieldduringharvest -#! 2 "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) =3    ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping j  Periods .  (_NCPDS_) >4    >@30>@>30 Q\<1j "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Salem,OR(W24232) -#!j "\ -Maximumrainfall J  interceptionstorageofcrop   (_CINTCP_) ?5   ?0.1??0.1 R\=2J " ?0.1 ? R_PRZM_ԀManual,Table5.4(EPA,1998) -#!J "\ -MaximumActiveRoot * Depth(_AMXDR_)   Ѐ23cm 2\*" 2_PRZM_ԀManual,Table5.9,mid-pointoftherange * (EPA,1998).Maybeinconsistentwithdifferentwheat  scenariosduetodifferentsources.#X@X㱇#XX@ -#!b "\ -MaximumCanopy  ! Coverage(_COVMAX_) >4 ~"  X@99X@>99 Q\<1 #"  X@99 X@ QConsistentwithinformationfromTom_Gerik_Ԁusedfor  $ derivationof_COVMAX_ԀofTXwheatscenario.#X@X'#XX@ -#!~%"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition && AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 '  ?1?=1 P\;0&("  ?1 ? PSettoconservativeinputassumingfieldfallowuntil &) nextcrop.Residueremovedwithcropharvest@... -#!*"\ -DateofCropEmergence B+ (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) A7 , `@36899`@A01/09 X\C4B-" `@36899 `@ XEmergencebasedon15daysfromplanting;customary B. plantinginORbetweenSept1-15(USDA,1984) / Maturationbasedon220dayaverage;_PRZM_ԀTable >1 5.9 R2 HarvestbasedonUsualPlantingandHarvestingDates 4 forU.S.FieldCrops(USDA,1984) >42N 5"<<\ >DateofCropMaturity .~6 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) A7 B7 %@37166%@A10/03 XC4.~8" %@37166 %@ X '8 'DateofCropHarvest j9 (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_) A7 . ~:  @36897 @A01/07 XC4j;"  @36897  @ X 'V; 'MaximumDryWeight !< (_WFMAX_) 2( j"= # 20.0 E\0%!>" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!!?"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  #@ 92,86,87 2\#A" 2ЀGLEAMSTableH4;Close-seededlegumesFallow= #B FallowST/CT/poor;CroppingandResidue=SR, $C conventionaltillage,poorcondition"(USDA,1990) -#!J% D"\ -ManningsNValue &!E (_MNGN_) A7 f'"F Zd;O?0.023Zd;O?A0.023 T\?4&!G" Zd;O?0.023 Zd;O? T_RUSLE_ԀProject;A13WWHLC;Winterwheat, &!H conventionaltillage,Salem,OR(USDA,2000) -#!f'"I"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  ($J 0.0170.336 2\($K" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;A13WWHLC;Winterwheat, ($L conventionaltillage,Salem,OR(USDA,2000) 1'!)$M"\ 1**&N    .j)Q '* dd4dd 4edd e<dd <\e(#e(#, d , td , td +  @QQQ+ j@ #X@X-#Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12BashawSoilParametersforWillametteValley,OregonWheat \\QG/X j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!"\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD," I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!0\Q ;100cm E\\QQ0!0"\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils 0 CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_,  2001) T    b\QQQ= ^ "\' I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons(_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!  \QQ =3(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0!  "\\Q E U\QQB& `  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) T\QE/P  " I \QQ THorizonThickness(_THKNS_) >\\/! \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)   26cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) L  64cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0!V "\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils   CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, L  2001) V  4N!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils   /ssl/)6Ϋ!_  7N z   _\QP84 "\0 \\QQ I_BulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!H \Q ;1.3gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) E\\Q0!H "\\ E H\Q9&  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent(_THETO_) ;\\,! \Q ;0.487cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)   0.441cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!D "\\ E H\Q9!R  \\Q IHCompartmentThickness(_DPN_) ;\\,! \Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)   Ѐ2.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) @ 4.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!J "\\ E H\Q9&N  I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!<!\Q ;0.487cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) <" 0.441cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!F#"\\ E H\Q9!# \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!8$\Q ;0.347cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) 8% 0.301cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!B&"\\ E K\QQ:&& I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =\\Q,!4'\QQ =4.64%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) 4( 0.29%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0!>)"\\Q E6,*) 0 y \\QQ 6EPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043) * EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. + EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. - _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated t. SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof ` / ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. L!0 EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. $#t2 GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. $`3 EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental $L 4 ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. %8!5 EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof '#7 ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand (#8 EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency, )$9 Washington,D.C. *%:   p+&; EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions  July2004.XX@   #X@X#_Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. L  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, 8  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. $ t USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.  L  USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.  8  USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.   DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural   ResearchService(ARS).       К % (  PENNSYLVANIAALFALFA ,u     ThefieldusedtorepresentalfalfaproductioninPennsylvaniaislocatedinYorkCountyin d southcentralPennsylvania.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Pennsylvaniaisranked P  15thoverallintheproductionofalfalfaintheU.S.Alfalfaisaperennialcrop,grownonavariety <  ofsoils,plantedearlyintheyearandmaintainedundercontinuouscultivationona3to5year ( x cycleatwhichtimeanewcropisplanted.Plantingdepthsrangefrom0.25to1.0inches,  d dependingonsoiltexture,onlevelseedbeds.Rowspacingisapproximately30inches;alfalfais  P  notirrigatedinPennsylvania.Cuttingsrangefrom2to4peryear.Mostfarmerstakethelast  <  cuttingoftheseasoninSeptember.AlfalfapreferswelldrainedsoilswithapHnearneutral(pH (  6.76.9).Thesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldisabenchmarksoil,_Glenville_Ԁsiltloam._Glenville_   siltloam,isafineloamy,mixed,active,_mesic_,_Aquic_Ԁ_Fragiudults_.Thesesoilsareingeneralcrop   production,butmostlygrain,hayandpasture._Glenville_Ԁsiltloamisaverydeep,moderatelywell   drainedorsomewhatpoorlydrained,mediumtoslowlypermeablesoilwithmediumtoslow   runoffandconsistsofa_fragipan_Ԁatapproximately2feet.Inthe_fragipan_,permeabilityisslowto t moderatelyslow.Thesesoilsformedinresiduumweatheredfrommicaacidschistandcrystalline ` rockcontainingmica.Theyarefoundonnearlyleveltostronglyslopinguplandflats,_footslopes_, L orneartheheadsof_drainageways_.Slopesrangefrom0to15percent.Thesesoilsareextensivein 8 themidAtlanticPiedmont._Glenville_Ԁsiltloamisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupCsoil. $t *78 d d d  td td e(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"$$ {7 XX@Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforYorkCounty,PennsylvaniaAlfalfa |   \\QG/B  { QQQ q\Parameter A\\,!\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ ASource S\QD," q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=*\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QEC*  @@22281 @@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileHarrisburg,PA(W14751) J\Q;#*  q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=& v!\Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC& v"  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileHarrisburg,PA(W14751) J\Q;#& v# q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor r!$ (_PFAC_) K\\<6"%\Q RQ?0.76RQ?K  0.76 r!&   Y\\QDB6"'  RQ?0.76 RQ?\\ Y_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#r!( q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor #) (_SFAC_) )\\F$*\Q )  0.36cmC1 #+ K  8\\Q#!F$, \\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;##- q \\Q ZJMinimumDepthof % . Evaporation(_ANETD_) )\\V&!/\Q )  12.5cm % 0   8\\Q#!V&!1 \\ 8(_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) E\QQQ2#% 2 Z \\Q E6,*'"3 0   \QQQ 6  Z)$4 &   *9\:ddSd Std  td 78e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforYorkCounty,PennsylvaniaAlfalfa ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2\" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.32tons_EI_1* 2\ 2 " 2SoilDataMartDatabaseforYorkCounty,PA.Datafor  2  _Glenville_Ԁsiltloam,38%slopes. -#!  "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N (_USLELS_) @6    ףp= @3.63 ףp= @@3.63 S\>3 N"  ףp= @3.63  ףp= @ SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.5(EPA2004). -#!J "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) @6 f  333333?0.60333333?@0.60 S\>3 " 333333?0.60 333333? SContourplowingisusedaccordingtoLeon_Restler_,Ag.   ExtensionAgent,LancasterCo.(717)394-68518/14/01) -#!f "\ -FieldArea   (AFIELD)    172ha 2\ " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). -#! "\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   @3@=3 P\;0* "  @3 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!*!"\ -Slope(SLP)  F" 12% 2\F#" 2Leon_Restler_,Ag.ExtensionAgent,LancasterCo.(717) F$ 394-68518/14/01) uptoashighastheguyonthetractoris  % willingtogo(10-15%) -#!~&"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  &' 600m 2\&(" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!&)"\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr.~*      6+   'Y& *  *;\<d ddd dd dd 9\:e(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforYorkCounty,PennsylvaniaAlfalfa ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PSettofallowpriortonewcropplanting.  2  Leon_Restler_,Ag.ExtensionAgent,LancasterCo.    (717)394-68518/14/01) -#!j "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops   (_NDC_) =3    ?1?=1 P\;0 "  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! "\ -NumberofCropping .  Periods   (_NCPDS_) >4 f   >@30>@>30 Q\<1. "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Allentown,PA(W14737) -#!. "\ -Maximumrainfall   interceptionstorageofcrop   (_CINTCP_) @6 F ?0.25?@0.25 S\>3 " ?0.25 ? S_PRZM_,Table5.4(EPA,1998) -#! "\ -MaximumActiveRoot  Depth(_AMXDR_)  b 120cm 2\" 2Asdeepas4ftaccordingtoLeon_Restler_,Ag.   ExtensionAgent,LancasterCo.Phone:(717) b! 394-6851,Date:8/14/01 &v" Parametervalueisrepresentativeofareabutmaybe :# inconsistentwithdifferentalfalfascenariosdueto $ differentsources. -#!r%"\ -MaximumCanopy & Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5 ' Y@100Y@?100 R\=2(" Y@100 Y@ RLeon_Restler_,Ag.ExtensionAgent,LancasterCo. ) (717)394-68518/14/01) -#!*"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition 6+ AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 ,  @3@=3 P\;06-"  @3 @ PSettoresidueforwintermonthsafterlastharvest 6. duringmultiyeargrowthandduringwinteroflast / yearsofgrowth.Leon_Restler_,Ag.ExtensionAgent, n0 LancasterCo.(717)394-68518/14/01) -#!21"\ -DateofCropEmergence 2 (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_)  N 3 16/04 6\!4" 6Leon_Restler_,Ag.ExtensionAgent,LancasterCo. 5 (717)394-68518/14/01) N 6 emergenceis4-14daysafterplantingdependingon !b7 rainfall >42!&8"778\ >DateofCropMaturity !9 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)  j": 31/10 6!!;" 6 'B!; 'DateofCropHarvest #< (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_)  $= 31/10 6!#>" 6 '^#> 'MaximumDryWeight %.!? (_WFMAX_) 2( &!@ # 20.0 E\0%%.!A" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!%.!B"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  'J#C 87,83,86 2\'J#D" 2GleamsManualTableH4,pasture/range,non-CNT, 'J#E poorcondition(USDA,1990) -#!($F"\ -ManningsNValue *f%G (_MNGN_) A7 **&H )\(?0.110)\(?A0.110 T\?4*f%I" )\(?0.110 )\(? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,SB5HLHLC;Hay,legume, *f%J conventionaltill,York(USDA,2000) -#!**&K"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  2,'L 0.0010.017 2\2,'M" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;SB5HLHLC;Hay,legume, 2,'N conventionaltill,York(USDA,2000) 1'!,F(O"\ 1N.)P   Ї'*=> dd4dd 4edd e<dd <;\<e(#e(#, d , td , td +  @QQQ+ j@ X@XTable4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12_Glenville_ԀSoilParametersforYorkCounty,PennsylvaniaAlfalfa \\QG/h j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,! "\Q AValue A\\Q,! "\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD, " I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,! @ \Q ;152cm E\\QQ0! @ "\\ ESoilDataMartDatabaseforYork  @  County,PA.Datafor_Glenville_Ԁsilt    loam,38%slopes. d   Numberofhorizonsisinconsistent  n withPAturfscenario(also  (  _Glenville_ԀSoil)duetoadditionof   thatchlayerinturfscenario. L   b\QQQ=V "\,,gX I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons(_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!l \QQ =5(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0!l "\\Q E U\QQB&  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) T\QE/H " I \QQ THorizonThickness(_THKNS_) >\\/! \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)   15cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) D 23cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) N 54cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4)  50cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\QQ0!r"\\ ESoilDataMartDatabaseforYork   County,PA.Datafor_Glenville_Ԁsilt D loam,38%slopes. N 42 ^!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6( !< >  7 ^7"j   Note:_Glenville_Ԁsiltloamsoildata ,|! valuesarespecifictoYorkCounty. 6" Otherscenariosusingthissoiltype # mayverybycounty. Z$   Fieldcapacityandwiltingpoint !b0 werecalculatedusingthe_Rawls_ !1 and_Brakensiek_Ԁmethodwithdata "2 fromthe_SoilDataMart_ԀDatabase. _\QP8@#3\a \\QQ I_BulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!4\Q ;1.3gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) 5 1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) n6 1.7gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) (x7 1.5gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!28"\\ E H\Q9&,|8 I \\Q HInitialWaterContent(_THETO_) ;\\,!$t9\Q ;0.33cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) $t: 0.31cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) .; 0.24cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) < 0.21cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!R="\\ E H\Q9!= \\Q IHCompartmentThickness(_DPN_) ;\\,!>\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) ? 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) N@ 1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) XA 3cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) B 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!| C"\\ E H\Q9& \C I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!!D\Q ;0.33cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) !E 0.31cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) x"F 0.24cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) 2#G 0.21cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!#<H"\\ E H\Q9!6!H \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!.%~ I\Q ;0.15cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) .%~ J 0.16cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) %8!K 0.12cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) &!L 0.09cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!\'"M"\\ E K\QQ:&$M I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =\\Q,!(#N\QQ =1.74%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) (#O 0.15%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) X)$P 0.15%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) *b%Q 0.15%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\QQ0!*&R"\\Q E6,*(f#R 0 y \\QQ 6EPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043) ,'S EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. -(T ЇEPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr.  _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated  SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof  ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. t EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. L  GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. 8  EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental $ t ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C.  ` EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof  8  ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand $  EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,   Washington,D.C.   EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance   forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions p July2004. \ _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. 4 OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,  p Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.  \ USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. 4 USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.   USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural  ResearchService(ARS).       X   % )  TEXASALFALFA  )    ThefieldusedtorepresentalfalfaproductioninTexasislocatedin_Milam_ԀCountyinthe d Texas_Claypan_Ԁregion.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Texasisnotrankedinthe P  top20statesinproductionofalfalfaintheU.S.Alfalfaisaperennialcrop,grownonavarietyof <  soils,butperformsbestinTexasonwelldrainedsoilswithapHof6.5.Itisplantedlateinthe ( x year(August)andmaintainedundercontinuouscultivationona3to5yearcycleatwhichtimea  d newcropisplanted.Plantingdepthsrangefrom0.25to1.5inches,dependingonsoiltexture,on  P  levelseedbeds.Rowspacingisapproximately30inches;approximately70percentofthecropis  <  irrigatedbysprinkler(55%)andflood(15%).Cuttingsrangefrom3to5peryear.Most (  productionisusedinstatetosupplydairiesandfeedlots.Thesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldis   abenchmarksoil,Lufkinloam.Lufkinloam,isafine,_smectitic_,thermic,_Oxyaquic_Ԁ_Vertic_   _Paleustalfs_.Thesesoilswereingeneralcropproductioninthepast,butarenowmostlypasture.   Cropscurrentlyplantedonthesesoilsincludegrainsorghum,haycropsorsmallgrainforgrazing.   Lufkinloamisaverydeep,moderatelywelldrained,veryslowlypermeablesoilwithmediumto t lowrunoffdependingonslope.Thesoilhasaveryslowinternaldrainageduetothe_claypan_Ԁat ` approximately12to18inches.Theseriesformedinslightlyacidtoalkalineclayeysedimentsat L elevationsof75to125feetabovemajorfloodplainsonslopesofmainlylessthanonepercent, 8 butmayrangeupto3percent.TheseriesisextensiveintheTexas_Claypan_Ԁregionof_MLRA_Ԁ87A $t and87Bandoftolesserextentin_MLRA_Ԁ86A.Lufkinloamisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupDsoil. ` *gh d d d  td td =>e(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"88 {7 XX@Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasAlfalfa    \\QG/V  { QQQ q\4Parameter A\\,!\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ ASource S\QD," q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=>\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QEC>  @@22281 @@\\ Z6MeteorologicalFileAustin,TX(W13958) J\Q;#> q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=: \Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC:!  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileAustin,TX(W13958) J\Q;#:" q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor  # (_PFAC_) K\\<J!$\Q Q?0.71Q?K  0.71  % 9  Y\\QDBJ!&  Q?0.71 Q?\\ Y9_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;# ' q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor "( (_SFAC_) )\\Z#)\Q )  0.36cmC1 "* Q;  8\\Q#!Z#+ \\ 8;_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#", q \\Q ZJMinimumDepthof $- Evaporation(_ANETD_) )\\j% .\Q )  25cm $/ <  8\\Q#!j% 0 \\ 8,=_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) E\QQQ2#$1 Z \\Q E6,*&"2 0   \QQQ 6  n(#3 &   *i\jddSd Std  td ghe(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasAlfalfa ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2\" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.43tons_EI_1* 2\ 2 " 2GLEAMSManual,TableofRepresentativeSoils(USDA,1990) -#! 2 "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N  (_USLELS_) @6   HzG?0.27HzG?@0.27 S\>3 N" HzG?0.27 HzG? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA2004). -#!J "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) ?5 f  ?1.0??1.0 R\=2 " ?1.0 ? R_PRZM_ԀManual,Table5.6(EPA,1998).Nopracticeassumed. -#! "\ -FieldArea   (AFIELD)    172ha 2\ " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). -#! "\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   @4@=4 P\;0*"  @4 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!*"\ -Slope(SLP)  F  1.75% 2\F!" 2Thesloperangeis<13%(USDA1996).Themidpointslopeis F" selected(EPA2004).Themidpointwouldrangefrom1.52%.  # Themidpointofthatrangewasselected. -#!~$"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  &% 600m 2\&&" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!&'"\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr.~(       m     u    %     6)   ']>& 0*  *k\ld ddd dd dd i\je(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasAlfalfa ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PSettofallowpriortonewcropplanting. -#! 2 "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) =3    ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping j  Periods .  (_NCPDS_) >4    >@30>@>30 Q\<1j "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Austin,TX(W13958) -#!j "\ -Maximumrainfall J  interceptionstorageofcrop   (_CINTCP_) @6   ?0.25?@0.25 S\>3J " ?0.25 ? S_PRZM_,Table5.4(EPA,1998) -#!J "\ -MaximumActiveRoot * Depth(_AMXDR_)   100cm 2\*" 2Settomaximumsoildepth.Rootsmaygrowto20feet * (USDA2000a).Parametervaluemaybeinconsistent  withdifferentalfalfascenariosduetodifferentsources. -#!b "\ -MaximumCanopy  ! Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5 ~" Y@100Y@?100 R\=2 #" Y@100 Y@ RSettodefaultforrowcrops(EPA,2001).Consistent  $ withAg.AgentsfromotherAlfalfagrowingregions. -#!~%"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition && AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 '  @3@=3 P\;0&("  @3 @ PSettoresidueforwintermonthsafterlastharvest &) duringmultiyeargrowthandduringwinteroflast * yearsofgrowth. -#!^+"\ -DateofCropEmergence , (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) A7 z- @38360@A01/09 X\C4." @38360 @ XTXgenerallyrestrictedtoFall_plantings_.Datessetto / mid-points.Emergence7-10daysafterplanting; z0 Maturationoccursapproximately60daysafter >1 planting..Firstharvestaftermaturationisgenerally R2 May.Threeandsometimes4cuttingperseason. 3 Harvestsettolasteventassuming4cuttings.Each 4 cuttingmayoccur28-30daysafterlast.4m+ !O  5   N 5 _ttp_://_texaserc.tamu.edu_/catalog/topics/_Crops.html_6^! _   7@!7_Ԁ !b6 4noe!O  5  http://forage.cas.psu.edu/docs/species/alfalfa.html6V`!j`   7Y!`Ԁ >42!&7"~~i\ >DateofCropMaturity 48 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)  H9 20/10 6!4:" 6 ' : 'DateofCropHarvest  ; (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_) A7 v!< @@36898@@A01/08 XC4 =" @@36898 @@ X 'N = 'MaximumDryWeight 0#> (_WFMAX_) 2( #D? # 20.0 E\0%0#@" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!0#A"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  L% B 90,88,89 2\L% C" 2GleamsManualTableH4,pasture/range,non-CNT, L% D poorcondition(USDA,1990) -#!&`!E"\ -ManningsNValue h'"F (_MNGN_) A7 ,(|#G )\(?0.110)\(?A0.110 T\?4h'"H" )\(?0.110 )\(? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,J94HGHGC;Hay,Grass, h'"I conventionaltillage,Waco,TX(USDA,2000) -#!,(|#J"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  )$K 0.0000.004 2\)$L" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;J94HGHGC;Hay,Grass, )$M conventionaltillage,Waco,TX(USDA,2000) 1'!H*%N"\ 1+&O   '0*M .l)Q *op dd4dd 4edd e<dd <k\le(#e(#, d , td , td +  @QQQ+ j@ X@XTable4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12LufkinSoilParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasAlfalfa \\QG/X j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!"\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD," I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!0\Q ;100cm E\\QQ0!0"\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils 0 CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_,  2001) T    b\QQQ= ^ "\ I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons(_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!  \QQ =3(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0!  "\\Q E U\QQB& `  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) T\QE/P  " I \QQ THorizonThickness(_THKNS_) >\\/! \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)   Ѐ8cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) L  82cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0!V "\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils   CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, L  2001) V  4qN!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils   /ssl/)6q!q   7Nr z   _\QP84 "\ \\QQ I_BulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!H \Q ;1.55gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) H  1.6gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!R "\\ E H\Q9&  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent(_THETO_) ;\\,!D \Q ;0.215cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) D  0.320cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!N "\\ E H\Q9!  \\Q IHCompartmentThickness(_DPN_) ;\\,!@\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) @ 4cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) J  2cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!!"\\ E H\Q9&! I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!F"\Q ;0.215cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) F# 0.320cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!$"\\ E H\Q9!n$ \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!B%\Q ;0.105cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) B& 0.200cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!'"\\ E K\QQ:&j' I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =\\Q,!>(\QQ =1.16%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) >) 0.29(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0!*"\\Q E6,*f* 0 y \\QQ 6EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. ~+ _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated j, SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof V- ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. B. EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. !j0 GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. "V1 EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental "B2 ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. #.3 EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof %!5 ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand &!6 EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency, '"7 Washington,D.C. z(#8 EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance R*%: forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions >+&; July2004.XX@ *,z'< #X@XF# -f(= _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands.  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.  USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. ` USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD. L  USDA1996.OfficialSeriesDescription.LufkinSeries.Informationfromthewebsite: $ t http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/L/LUFKIN.html  ` USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.  8  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural $  ResearchService(ARS).   USDA.2000a.CropProfileforAlfalfainMinnesota.U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,NSF   CenterforIntegratedPestManagement.Informationfromthewebsite:   43)e!O  5  http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/.6!!5  73cXX@ p #X@X#  H  % *  TEXASCORN  k     ThefieldusedtorepresentcornproductioninTexasislocatedin_Milam_ԀCountyinthe  Texas_Claypan_Ԁregionofthestate.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Texasisranked t 11thamongmajorproducersofcornintheU.S.ThecropisgenerallyplantedtheearlySpring ` (March)andharvestedbeginninginSeptember.Continuouscornispracticeismuchoftheregion. L  However,rotationwithothercropssuchassoybeansandwheatisalsopracticed.Mostofthe 8  cornisplantedforfeedgrain.Plantingdepthandrowspacing(generally30inches)follows $ t generalpracticesfortheU.S.Conventionaltillagedominatesmanagementpractices,followedby  ` notillage.Thesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldisabenchmarksoil,_Axtell_Ԁveryfinesandyloam.  L  _Axtell_Ԁveryfinesandyloamisafine,_semectitic_,thermic_Udertic_Ԁ_Paleustalfs_.Thesesoilswere  8  cultivatedinthepast,butarenowinpasture.Someareasarefarmedtocorn,grainsorghum,or $  smallgrain._Axtell_Ԁveryfinesandyloamisaverydeep,moderatelywelldrained,veryslowly   permeablesoilwithslowtorapidrunoffdependingonslope.Thesesoilsformedinslightlyacid   toalkalineclayeysedimentsofthePleistoceneAge.Theyarefoundonbroad,nearlylevelto   stronglyslopingstreamterracesandterraceremnantsabout50to300feetabovethepresent   streams.Slopesaregenerally0to5percent,butmayrangeupto12percent._Axtell_Ԁveryfine p sandyloamisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupDsoil. \ *rs d d d  td td ope(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ" \ \ {7 XX@Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasCorn    \\QG/z  { QQQ q\Parameter A\\,!\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ ASource S\QD," q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=b\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QECb  @@22281 @@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileAustin,TX(W13958) J\Q;#b q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=^\Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC^  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileAustin,TX(W13958) J\Q;#^  q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor ! (_PFAC_) K\\<n"\Q Q?0.71Q?K  0.71 #   Y\\QDBn$  Q?0.71 Q?\\ Y_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#% q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor  & (_SFAC_) )\\~!'\Q )  0.36mC1  ( O  8\\Q#!~!) \\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;# * q \\Q ZJMinimumDepthof "+ Evaporation(_ANETD_) )\\#,\Q )  25.0cm "-   8\\Q#!#. \\ 8+_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) E\QQQ2#"/ Z \\Q E6,*$* 0 0   \QQQ 6  &!1 & 6  *t\uddSd Std  td rse(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  * * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasCorn ;&d ;Parameter A,!n" AValue A,!n" ASource 6,!n" 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(_ERFLAG_) ' '4(MUSS) 2\" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '   '0.31tons_EI_1* 2\ 2 " 20.31isconsistentwithfinesandyloam,asdescribedinofficial  2  soildescription -#!  "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N (_USLELS_) @6   q= ףp?1.34q= ףp?@1.34 S\>3 N" q= ףp?1.34 q= ףp? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope   length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.5(EPA2004). -#!J "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) ?5 f  ?1.0??1.0 R\=2 " ?1.0 ? RSetaccordingtoguidance(EPA,2001).Contourplowing   unlikelyfor2.5%slopefield. -#!f "\ -FieldArea   (AFIELD)    172ha 2\ " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). -#! "\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3   @4@=4 P\;0* "  @4 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!*!"\ -Slope(SLP)  F" 6% 2\F#" 2Medianvalueofrange(012%)(EPA2004). -#!F$"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  N% 600m 2\N&" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!N'"\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr(      ^)   '\&  )  *v\wd ddd dd dd t\ue(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *tt * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasCorn ;&( ;Parameter A,!2" AValue A,!2" ASource 6,!2" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<  ?1?F1 P\;0"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3     ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PSetfallowpriortonewcropplanting -#! 2 "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) =3    ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping j  Periods(_NCPDS_) >4 .   >@30>@>30 Q\<1j "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Austin,TX(W13958) -#!j "\ -Maximumrainfall 6  interceptionstorageofcrop J  (_CINTCP_) @6   ?0.25?@0.25 S\>36 " ?0.25 ? S_PRZM_,Table5.4(EPA,1998) -#!6 "\ -MaximumActiveRoot f Depth(_AMXDR_)  * Ѐ90cm 2\f" 2Medianvalue(60120cm)(Table59.EPA1998). -#!f"\ -MaximumCanopy 2 Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5 F Y@100Y@?100 R\=22 " Y@100 Y@ RTakenfromILcorn.Alsoconsistentwithdefaultvalue 2! citedinguidance(EPA2004). -#!F""\ -SoilSurfaceCondition N# AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 b$  ?1?=1 P\;0N%"  ?1 ? PWintercovercropplantedinmostareas. -#!N&"\ -DateofCropEmergence j' (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_)  .~( 16/03 2\j)" 2UsualPlantingandHarvestingDates(USDA,1984) -#!j*"\ -DateofCropMaturity + (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)  J, 25/07 2\-" 2UsualPlantingandHarvestingDates(USDA,1984) -#!."\ -DateofCropHarvest / (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_) A7 f0 &@37172&@A10/09 T\?41" &@37172 &@ TUsualPlantingandHarvestingDates(USDA,1984) -#!2"\ -MaximumDryWeight 3 (_WFMAX_) 2(  4 # 20.0 E\0%5" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!6"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  !*7 92,89,90 2\!*8" 2GleamsManualTableH4,Fallow=Fallow !*9 SR/CT/poor;CroppingandResidue=SR,CT,poor ": condition(USDA,1990) -#!b#;"\ -ManningsNValue $ < (_MNGN_) A7 ~% = y&1?0.014y&1?A0.014 T\?4$ >" y&1?0.014 y&1? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,J94CGWWC;Corn,grain, $ ? conventionaltillage,Waco(USDA,2000) -#!~% @"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  &&"A 0.1320.562 2\&&"B" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;J94CGWWC;Corn,grain, &&"C conventionaltillage,Waco(USDA,2000) 1'!'"D"\ 1(B$E   _' )  ,F(I *xy dd4dd 4edd e<dd <v\we(#e(#, d , td , td +  @QQQ+ j@ X@XTable4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12_Axtell_ԀSoilParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasCorn \\QG/X j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!"\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD," I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!0\Q ;100cm E\\QQ0!0"\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils 0 CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_,  2001) T    b\QQQ= ^ "\  I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons(_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!  \QQ =3(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0!  "\\Q E U\QQB& `  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,andThirdandSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) T\QE/P  " I \QQ THorizonThickness(_THKNS_) >\\/! \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)   80cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0!L "\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils   CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, L  2001) V  4zN!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils   /ssl/)6!Har_  7N< z   _\QP84 "\ \\QQ I_BulkDensity(BD) ;\\,! \Q ;1.6gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)   1.7gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!H "\\ E H\Q9&V  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent(_THETO_) ;\\,! \Q ;0.174cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)   0.235cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!D "\\ E H\Q9!R  \\Q IHCompartmentThickness(_DPN_) ;\\,! \Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)   5.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2,3) E\\Q0!@"\\ E H\Q9&N  I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,! \Q ;0.174cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) ! 0.235cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!<""\\ E H\Q9!J" \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!~#\Q ;0.064cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) ~$ 0.165cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!8%"\\ E K\QQ:&F% I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =\\Q,!z&\QQ =0.58%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) z' 0.29%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0!4("\\Q E6,*B( 0 y \\QQ 6EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr.  Z) _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated F* SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof 2+ ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. , EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. . GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments.  / EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental ~!0 ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. j"1 EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof B$3 ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand .%~ 4 EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency, &j!5 Washington,D.C. 'V"6 EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance (.$8 forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions )%9 July2004.XX@ *&:  #X@XH# +&; _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands.  OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,  Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.   USDA.1984.UsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.FieldCrops,StatisticalReporting ` Service,U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,AgricultureHandbook#628,pp.78. L  USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. $ t USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.  ` USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.  8  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural $  ResearchService(ARS).       e % +  TEXASCOTTON   e   ThefieldusedtorepresentcottonproductioninTexasislocatedin_Milam_ԀCounty, = althoughcottonisgrownthroughoutTexas.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Texas ) ranked1stamongthemajorcottonproducingstatesintheU.S.withmorethan5millionacresin  production.MostcottonisgrownintheHighPlains(67%)andRollingPlains(20%)regionsof   thestate.Cottonisplantedinthelatewinter/earlySpring(FebruaryandMarch)intheLowerRio   GranderegionandprogressesintoJuneinthesouthernHighPlains.Cottonisplantedbythe  t  skiprowor ultranarrowrowmethod.Skiprowreferstothetechniquewhereeverythirdrow  ` is skippedtopermitthecroptotakeadvantageofsoilmoistureinsemiaridregions.Ultra  L  narrowrow(_UNR_)cottonisspacedat20inchesapartwhichtendstoincreaseyieldsand  8  efficiencyofproductionssystems.Bothsystemsrequiretheuseofirrigation.Fiftypercentof $  cottonproductionintheHighPlainsisirrigatedandlessthantenpercentintheRollingPlainsis u  irrigated.FurrowirrigationisthemostcommonintheLowerRioGrandeandsprinklersystems a  aremostcommonintheHighPlains.LowEnergyPrecisionApplicationcenterpivotirrigationis M  beginningtomakeinroadintheareabecauseofitslowerpressurerequirements,lower 9  evaporationlossesandwatersavings.Rowspacingisgenerally38incheswith34plantsperfoot % rowinallbut_UNR_Ԁcotton.Rowcanopiestendtobeverycloseto100percent,whilethecanopy  betweenrowsismuchless.Allcottonisdefoliatedpriortoharvesting.Conventionaltillageis  thedominantpractice.Thesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldisa  Ѐfinesandyloam._Crockett_Ԁfinesandyloamisafine,_smectitic_,thermic_Udertic_Ԁ_Paleustalfs_.The p seriesismainlyusedtogrowcotton,grainsorghum,andsmallgrains,butmorethanhalfthe \ acreageisnowinpasture._Crockett_Ԁfinesandyloamisadeep,moderatelywelldrained,very H slowlypermeablesoilwithlowtoveryhighrunoffdependingonslope.Thesesoilsformedin 4 residuumderivedfromweatheredalkalinemarineclays,sandyclays,orshale,_interbedded_Ԁwith   sandiermaterialsmainlyofCretaceousage.Theyarelocatedonbroadnearlyleveltomoderately q  slopinguplands.Slopesaregenerallybetween1to5percent,butmayrangefrom0to10percent. ] Theseriesisextensivein_MLRA_Ԁ86,87A,and87B._Crockett_Ԁfinesandyloamisa_Hydrologic_ I GroupCsoil. 5   XX@*{| d d d  td td xye(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ" l l {7 Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforthe_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasCotton y!    \\QG/?"!  { QQQ q\hParameter A\\,!#&"\Q AValue A\\Q,!#&#"\\ ASource S\QD,#&$" q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=$r %\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QEC$r &  @@22281 @@\\ Z(MeteorologicalFileAustin,TX(W13958) J\Q;#$r ' q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=#&!(\Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC#&!)  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileAustin,TX(W13958) J\Q;##&!* q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor o' #+ (_PFAC_) K\\<3(#,\Q Q?0.71Q?K  0.71 o' #-   Y\\QDB3(#.  Q?0.71 Q?\\ Y8_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#o' #/ q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor )%0 (_SFAC_) )\\C*%1\Q )  0.36cmC1 )%2   8\\Q#!C*%3 \\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1.(EPA,1998) C\Q\2#)%4 q \\Q ZCMinimumDepthof +*'5 Evaporation(_ANETD_) +\\\S,'6\Q\ +  25.0cm +*'7 l  8\\\Q#!S,'8 \\\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2.(EPA,1998)3)'+*'9 Z  \\\Q 3     -v): & 6 *}\~ddSd Std  td {|e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  *ee * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasCotton ;&d ;Parameter A,!#" AValue A,!#" ASource 6,!#" 6MethodtoCalculate { Erosion(_ERFLAG_) '? '4(MUSS) 2\{" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!{"\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '[   '0.43tons_EI_1* 2\ 2 " 2SoilDataMartDatabasefor_Milam_ԀCounty,TX.Datafor  2  _Crockett_Ԁfinesandyloam,1to3percentslopes. -#![  "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N (_USLELS_) @6 w  Q?1.07Q?@1.07 S\>3 N" Q?1.07 Q? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope w  length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m ;  (defaultvalue)andm=0.5(EPA2004). -#! "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor W  (_USLEP_) @6   ?1.00?@1.00 S\>3W " ?1.00 ? S_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) -#!W "\ -FieldArea s  Ѐ(AFIELD)  7  172ha 2\s " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). -#!s "\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3 S  @4@=4 P\;0*"  @4 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!* "\ -Slope(SLP)  F! 5% 2\F"" 2Midpointselected(range:010%)(EPA2004). -#!F#"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  $ 600m 2\%" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) :\'!&"\ :*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr+![' \ +    (   'e& *  *\d ddd dd dd }\~e(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *)) * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasCotton ;&( ;Parameter A,!" AValue A,!" ASource 6,!" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<?  ?1?F1 P\;0?"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!?"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3 [    ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PSettodefaultforfallowsurfacepriortoplanting -#! 2 "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) =3 w   ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping  j  Periods .  (_NCPDS_) >4 W   >@30>@>30 Q\<1 j "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Austin,TX(W13958) -#! j "\ -Maximumrainfall J  interceptionstorageofcrop s  (_CINTCP_) ?5 7  ?0.2??0.2 R\=2J " ?0.2 ? R_PRZM_ԀTable5.4(EPA,1998) -#!J "\ -MaximumActiveRoot * Depth(_AMXDR_)  S 65cm 2\*" 2ValuefromCAcotton.Consistentwith_PRZM_Ԁmanual, * table59(EPA1998)whichcitesrangeof3090cm. -#!S"\ -MaximumCanopy F  Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5 o ! Y@100Y@?100 R\=2F"" Y@100 Y@ RConsistentwithadviceofKerry_Arroues_ԀUSDA-_NRCS_ F# fordevelopmentofCAcottonscenario.Also, o $ consistentwithEPA2004guidanceofdefaultvalueof 3% 100ofrowcrops. -#!&"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition O' AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 (  @3@=3 P\;0O)"  @3 @ PResiduesleftonfielduntilfollowingyearorcovercrop O* isplanted. -#!+"\ -DateofCropEmergence k, (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_)  /- 16/04 6\!k." 6Personalcommunicationwith_Cullen_Ԁ"Dusty"Tittle, k/ _Milam_ԀCo.ExtensionAgent.Maturationandharvest /0 closetogetherbecausetheplantsaredesiccated 1 anywherefromlateAugthroughSept. >42R2"77\ >DateofCropMaturity "3 (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)  K4 15/09 6!"5" 6 '#5 'DateofCropHarvest >6 (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_)  g 7 16/09 6!>8" 6 '?8 'MaximumDryWeight !Z9 (_WFMAX_) 2( ": # 20.0 E\0%!Z;" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!!Z<"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  #v= 89,86,87 2\#v>" 2GleamsManualTableH4;Fallow=Fallow #v? SR/CT/poor;CroppingandResidue=RowCrop $: @ SR/CT/poor(USDA,1990) -#!c% A"\ -ManningsNValue &V"B (_MNGN_) A7 '#C Zd;O?0.023Zd;O?A0.023 T\?4&V"D" Zd;O?0.023 Zd;O? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,J94CTCTN;Cotton,no-tillage,Waco &V"E TX(USDA,2000) -#!'#F"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  (r$G 0.1110.365 2\(r$H" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;J94CTCTN;Cotton,no-tillage,Waco (r$I TX )6%J (USDA,2000) 1'!_*%K"\ 1+R'L   _ o- )M   'e   X@X* dd4dd 4edd e<dd <\e(#e(#,d , td , td +  @QQQ+ j@ Table4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12_Crockett_ԀFineSandyLoamSoilParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasCotton \\QG/X j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,!"\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD," I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!E \Q ;203cm E\\QQ0!E "\\ ESoilDataMartDatabasefor_Milam_ E   County,TX.Datafor_Crockett_Ԁfine    sandyloam,1to3percentslopes. b\QQQ= T "\[[ I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons  ;  (_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!Z  \QQ =5(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0! ;"\\Q E U\QQB&  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) Y\QJ/ g" I \QQ IYHorizonThickness   (_THKNS_) >\\/!c \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1)   8cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) c  15cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3)   74cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) <  96cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\QQ0! "\\ ESoilDataMartDatabasefor_Milam_   County,TX.Datafor_Crockett_Ԁfine c  sandyloam,1to3percentslopes.   4w ^Q!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6.!. '_  7 ^!. <    Fieldcapacityandwiltingpointwere h( takenfromthe_SoilDataMart_ԀDatabase ") (_wthirdbar_r_Ԁand_wfifteenbar_r_Ԁfieldsin w* the_chorizon_Ԁtable) 1+    *   _\QP=P,\\\  I \\QQ _BulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!8 -\Q ;1.55gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) 8 . 1.48gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) / 1.6gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) G0 1.6gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!f1"\\ E C\Q4!K 1 \\Q CInitialWaterContent C2 (_THETO_) ;\\,!b3\Q ;0.196cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) C4 0.34cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) b5 0.291cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) 6 0.311cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!q7"\\ E C\Q4! 7 \\Q CCompartmentThickness 8 (_DPN_) ;\\,!m9\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) : 4cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) m; 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) '< 2cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) F= 4cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!>"\\ E C\Q4!+> \\Q CFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!B?\Q ;0.196cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) B@ 0.34cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) A 0.291cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) QB 0.311cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!p C"\\ E H\Q9!UC \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,! MD\Q ;0.103cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)  ME 0.245cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) l!F 0.213cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) &"G 0.187cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!"{H"\\ E K\QQ:&* H I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent "$I (OC) =\\Q,!$w J\QQ =0.73%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) "$K 0.2%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) $w L 0.17%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) %1!M 0.17%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\QQ0!P&!N"\\Q E6,*#5N 0 y \\QQ 6Burns.1992.Burns,L.A.,(Coordinator),_B.W._ԀAllen,Jr.,M.C.Barber,S.L.Bird,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_, &(#O _M.J._Ԁ_Fendley_,_D.R._Ԁ_Hartel_,C.A._Kittner_,_F.L._ԀMayer,Jr.,L.A.Suarez,and_S.E._Ԁ_Wooten_. )$P  P esticideand I ndustrialChemical R isk Analysisand H azard A ssessment,Version3.0. )%Q (PIRANHA)EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,U.S. *&R EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.1992. +q'S   ,](T EPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043) e  EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. Q EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. ) _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated  SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof   ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.   EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker.  ` GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments.  L  EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental  8  ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. $  EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof a  ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand M  EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency, 9  Washington,D.C. % EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance  forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions  July2004.XX@ p #X@XK#_Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. H OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, 4 Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.   USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. ] USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD. I USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. ! DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural   ResearchService(ARS).     !   % ,  TEXASSORGHUM &5P  =   ThefieldusedtorepresentsorghumproductioninTexasislocatedin_Milam_ԀCountyinthe  Texas_Claypan_Ԁregionofthestate.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Texasisranked   2ndamongmajorproducersofsorghumintheU.S.Thecropisgenerallyplantedunderbothdry   landandirrigationconditionsintheSpring(May),butmayextendintoJuly,andharvested  t beginninginSeptember.Continuoussorghumispracticeismuchoftheregion.Rowspacingis  ` generally30inchesforplantedsystemsorinnarrowrowsof15inchesindrilledsystems.  L  Conservationtillagepracticesareemphasizeforerosioncontrolandincludereducedtill,mulch  8  till,_ecofallow_,striptill,ridgetill,zerotill,andnotill.Thesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldisa $  benchmarksoil,_Axtell_Ԁveryfinesandyloam._Axtell_Ԁveryfinesandyloamisafine,_semectitic_, u  thermic_Udertic_Ԁ_Paleustalfs_.Thesesoilswerecultivatedinthepast,butarenowinpasture.Some a  areasarefarmedtocorn,grainsorghum,orsmallgrain._Axtell_Ԁveryfinesandyloamisavery M  deep,moderatelywelldrained,veryslowlypermeablesoilwithslowtorapidrunoffdependingon 9  slope.ThesesoilsformedinslightlyacidtoalkalineclayeysedimentsofthePleistoceneAge. % Theyarefoundonbroad,nearlyleveltostronglyslopingstreamterracesandterraceremnants  about50to300feetabovethepresentstreams.Slopesaregenerally0to5percent,butmay  rangeupto12percent._Axtell_Ԁveryfinesandyloamisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupDsoil.  * d dd  td td e(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"44 {7 XX@Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasSorghum A   \\QG/  { QQQ q\[Parameter A\\,!S\Q AValue A\\Q,!S"\\ ASource S\QD,S" q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=:\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QEC:  @@22281 @@\\ Z\MeteorologicalFileAustin,TX(W13958) J\Q;#: q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\= \Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC!  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileAustin,TX(W13958) J\Q;#" q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor 7 # (_PFAC_) K\\< $\Q Q?0.71Q?K  0.71 7 % _  Y\\QDB &  Q?0.71 Q?\\ Y__PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998.) J\Q;#7 ' q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor G"( (_SFAC_) )\\ #)\Q )  0.36mC1 G"* xa  8\\Q#! #+ \\ 8a_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#G", q \\Q ZJMinimumDepthof W$- Evaporation(_ANETD_) )\\% .\Q )  25.0cm W$/ c  8\\Q#!% 0 \\ 8Sc_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) E\QQQ2#W$1 Z \\Q E6,*g&"2 0   \QQQ 6  (#3 & 6  *\ddSd Std  td e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  *ee * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasSorghum ;&d ;Parameter A,!#" AValue A,!#" ASource 6,!#" 6MethodtoCalculate { Erosion(_ERFLAG_) '? '4(MUSS) 2\{" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!{"\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '[   '0.43tons_EI_1* 2\ 2 " 2GLEAMSManual;RepresentativeSoilsUSDA(1990) -#! 2 "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor  N  (_USLELS_) @6 w  ffffff?0.95ffffff?@0.95 S\>3 N" ffffff?0.95 ffffff? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS  N =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope w  length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m ;  (defaultvalue)andm=0.5(EPA2004). -#! "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor W  (_USLEP_) ?5   ?1.0??1.0 R\=2W " ?1.0 ? RSetaccordingtoguidance(EPA,2001). W  Nopracticeassumed. -#! "\ -FieldArea s  (AFIELD)  7  172ha 2\s " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). -#!s "\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ * (_IREG_) =3 S  @4@=4 P\;0*"  @4 @ P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!* "\ -Slope(SLP)  F! 6% 2\F"" 2Midpointselected(range:012%)(EPA2004). -#!F#"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  $ 600m 2\%" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!&"\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hr['      (   'ed&  )  *\d ddd dd dd \e(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *)) * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasSorghum ;&( ;Parameter A,!" AValue A,!" ASource 6,!" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<?  ?1?F1 P\;0?"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!?"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition  2  (_ISCOND_) =3 [    ?1?=1 P\;0 2 "  ?1 ? PSetfallowpriortonewcropplanting -#! 2 "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops  N  (_NDC_) =3 w   ?1?=1 P\;0 N"  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! N"\ -NumberofCropping  j  Periods(_NCPDS_) >4 .   >@30>@>30 Q\<1 j "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Austin,TX(W13958) -#! j "\ -Maximumrainfall   interceptionstorageofcrop J  (_CINTCP_) ?5 s  ?0.1??0.1 R\=2 " ?0.1 ? R_PRZM_,Table5.4(EPA,1998) -#! "\ -MaximumActiveRoot f Depth(_AMXDR_)  * Ѐ23cm 2\f" 2_PRZM_ԀManual,Table5.9(EPA,1998) -#!f"\ -MaximumCanopy  Coverage(_COVMAX_) ?5 F Y@100Y@?100 R\=2 " Y@100 Y@ RЀ_PRZM_ԀGuidance,Rev.July2004 !     -#!F"\ -SoilSurfaceCondition # AfterHarvest(_ICNAH_) =3 b$  ?1?=1 P\;0%"  ?1 ? PDefault(EPA,2001) -#!&"\ -DateofCropEmergence ' (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_) A7 ~( @38629@A10/05 T\?4)" @38629 @ TUsualPlantingandHarvestingDates(USDA,1984) -#!*"\ -DateofCropMaturity ;+ (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_) A7 ,  .@37233 .@A12/09 T\?4;-"  .@37233  .@ TUsualPlantingandHarvestingDates(USDA,1984) -#!;."\ -DateofCropHarvest W/ (HAD,HAM,_IYRHAR_)  0 22/09 2\W1" 2UsualPlantingandHarvestingDates(USDA,1984) -#!W2"\ -MaximumDryWeight s3 (_WFMAX_) 2( 7 4 # 20.0 E\0%s5" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!s6"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  !*7 92,86,87 2\!*8" 2GleamsManualTableH4,FallowSR/CT/poor; !*9 CroppingandResidue=smallgrain,SR/CT,poor S": condition(USDA,1990) -#!#;"\ -ManningsNValue o$ < (_MNGN_) A7 3% = y&1?0.014y&1?A0.014 T\?4o$ >" y&1?0.014 y&1? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,J94SGSGC;Sorghumgrain, o$ ? conventionaltillage,WacoTX(USDA,2000) -#!3% @"\ -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)  &&"A 0.0500.704 2\&&"B" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;J94SGSGC;Sorghumgrain, &&"C conventionaltillage,WacoTX(USDA,2000) 1'!O'"D"\ 1(B$E   _' )er  ,F(I * dd4dd 4edd e<dd <\e(#e(#, d , td , td +  ;QQQ&ee ; X@XTable4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12_Axtell_ԀSoilParametersfor_Milam_ԀCounty,TexasSorghum W\QB*  QQQ IWParameter A\\,!S"\Q AValue A\\Q,!S"\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD,S" I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!0\Q ;100cm E\\QQ0!0"\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils 0 CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_, O 2001)     b\QQQ= ^ "\ I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons(_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!M  \QQ =3(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0!M  "\\Q E U\QQB&`  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,andThirdandSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) T\QE/  " I \QQ THorizonThickness(_THKNS_) >\\/!G \Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) G  80cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0! "\\ E_NRCS_,NationalSoils G  CharacterizationDatabase(_NRCS_,   2001)  V  4N!O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils u  /ssl/)6%!9 _  7Ng /   _\QP8 "\$ \\QQ I_BulkDensity(BD) ;\\,!C \Q ;1.6gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) C  1.7gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0! "\\ E H\Q9& V  I \\Q HInitialWaterContent(_THETO_) ;\\,!? \Q ;0.174cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) ?  0.235cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0! "\\ E H\Q9!R  \\Q IHCompartmentThickness(_DPN_) ;\\,!; \Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) ;  5.0cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2,3) E\\Q0!"\\ E H\Q9&N  I \\Q HFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!7 \Q ;0.174cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) 7! 0.235cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!""\\ E H\Q9!J" \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!3#\Q ;0.064cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) 3$ 0.165cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\Q0!%"\\ E K\QQ:&F% I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =\\Q,!/&\QQ =0.58%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) /' 0.29%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) E\\QQ0!("\\Q E6,*B( 0 y \\QQ 6EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr. Z) _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated F* SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof 2+ ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. , EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. [. GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. G / EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental 3!0 ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. "1 EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance #3 forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions $~ 4 July2004.XX@ %j!5 #X@X#EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof 'B#7 ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand (.$8 EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency, )%9 Washington,D.C. k*&:   W+&; _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. e OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, Q Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286. =  USDA.1984.UsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.FieldCrops,StatisticalReporting  Service,U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,AgricultureHandbook#628,pp.78.   USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.  t USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD.  ` USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.  8  DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural $  ResearchService(ARS).  u  nE % -  TEXASWHEAT(Winter)  ݩԀ =   ThefieldusedtorepresentwheatproductioninTexasislocatedinthe_Blacklands_Ԁregion,  however,wheatisgrownthroughoutTexas.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Texas   ranked7thamongthemajorwheatproducingstatesintheU.S.withmorethan2.5millionacresin   production.MostwheatisgrownintheHighPlainsregionofthestate.Wheatisplantedinthe  x earlyfall(midSeptemberthroughOctober)andharvestedinthesummer.Rowspacingranges  d from6to9incheswithseedsplantedatadepthof2inchesorless.Thesoilselectedtosimulate  P  thefieldisa_Crockett_Ԁfinesandyloam._Crockett_Ԁfinesandyloamisafine,_smectitic_,thermic  <  _Udertic_Ԁ_Paleustalfs_.Theseriesismainlyusedtogrowcotton,grainsorghum,andsmallgrains, (  butmorethanhalftheacreageisnowinpasture._Crocket_Ԁfinesandyloamisadeep.Moderately y  welldrained,veryslowlypermeablesoilwithlowtoveryhighrunoffdependingonslope.These e  soilsformedinresiduumderivedfromweatheredalkalinemarineclays,sandyclays,orshale, Q  _interbedded_ԀwithsandiermaterialsmainlyofCretaceousage.Theyarelocatedonbroadnearly =  leveltomoderatelyslopinguplands.Slopesaregenerallybetween1to5percent,butmayrange ) from0to10percent.Theseriesisextensivein_MLRA_Ԁ86,87A,and87B._Crockett_Ԁfinesandy  loamisa_Hydrologic_ԀGroupCsoil.  * d d d  td td e(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7QQQ"`` {7 XX@Table1. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforthe_Blacklands_,TexasWheat m   \\QG/3  { QQQ q\Parameter A\\,!\Q AValue A\\Q,!"\\ ASource S\QD," q \\Q qSStartingDate L\\=f\Q @@22281@@L  January1,1961 Z\\QECf  @@22281 @@\\ ZصMeteorologicalFileAustin,TX(W13958) J\Q;#f q \\Q qJEndingDate L\\=\Q :@33237:@L  December31,1990 Z\\QEC  :@33237 :@\\ ZMeteorologicalFileAustin,TX(W13958) J\Q;#  q \\Q qJPanEvaporationFactor c! (_PFAC_) K\\<'"\Q Q?0.71Q?K  0.71 c#   Y\\QDB'$  Q?0.71 Q?\\ Y_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998.) J\Q;#c% q \\Q qJ_Snowmelt_ԀFactor s & (_SFAC_) )\\7!'\Q )  0.36cmC1 s ( }  8\\Q#!7!) \\ 8_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J\Q;#s * q \\Q ZJMinimumDepthof "+ Evaporation(_ANETD_) )\\G#,\Q )  10cm "- "  8\\Q#!G#. \\ 8XTom_Gerik_Ԁ(254.774.6128),Professorof "/ Agronomyat_TAMU_,_Blacklands_ԀResources G#0 Center,Temple,TX.Heestimatedthat  $1 evaporationprobablyisn'tdeepbecausewheat $j 2 productionpracticesin_Blacklands_Ԁareadonot %.!3 includefallow(seenotesforISCONDand W&!4 _ICNAH_).Heestimatedthatifitweretobe '"5 fallowed,themaximumdepthwouldbe10-15 'z#6 cm. N E\QQQ2#(>$7 Z \\Q E6,*)%8 0   \QQQ 6 _ +B'9 &      *\ddSd Std  td e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  *ee * Table2. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforthe_Blacklands_,TexasWheat ;&d ;Parameter A,!#" AValue A,!#" ASource 6,!#" 6MethodtoCalculate { Erosion(_ERFLAG_) '? '4(MUSS) 2\{" 2_PRZM_ԀManual(EPA,1998) 6,!{"\ 6_USLE_ԀKFactor  2  (_USLEK_) '[   '0.43tons_EI_1* 2\ 2 " 2SoilDataMartDatabasefor_Milam_ԀCounty,TX.Datafor  2  _Crockett_Ԁfinesandyloam,1to3percentslopes. [   4p ^t!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6!ated  7 ^ -#! "\ -_USLE_ԀLSFactor w  (_USLELS_) @6 ;  Q?0.43Q?@0.43 S\>3w " Q?0.43 Q? SCalculatedaccordingto_Haan_Ԁand_Barfield_Ԁ(1978)equation:LS w  =((__/72.6)m)((430x2+30x+0.43)/6.613),where__Ԁ=slope ;  length,x=SLP/100andm=constant.Inthiscase,__Ԁ=400m   (defaultvalue)andm=0.3(EPA2004). -#!^ "\ -_USLE_ԀPFactor   (_USLEP_) ?5 z  ?1.0??1.0 R\=2 " ?1.0 ? R_PRZM_ԀManualTable5.6(EPA,1998) -#! "\ -FieldArea 7  (AFIELD)   172ha 2\7 " 2Areaof_Shipman_ԀReservoirwatershed(EPA2004). -#!7 "\ -_NRCS_Ԁ_Hyetograph_ S (_IREG_) =3   ?1?=1 P\;0S "  ?1 ? P_PRZM_ԀManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#!S!"\ -Slope(SLP)  o " Ѐ3% 2\o #" 2consultationwithTom_Gerik_Ԁ(254.774.6128)mosthighly o $ erodiblesoilswithslopes>5%in_Blacklands_Ԁareahavebeenput 3% into_CRP_Ԁorpasture.Wheatismostlygrownonsoilswith & slopes1-3%;thebestwheatsoilsareHoustonclayorAustin. -#!V'"\ -HydraulicLength(HL)  ( 600m 2\)" 2_Shipman_ԀReservoir(EPA,1999) 1'!*"\ 1*_EI_Ԁ=100fttons*in/acre*hrk+      "3 nEY eee   'e& *  *\d ddd dd dd \e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  *ee * Table3 ._PRZM_Ԁ3.12CropParametersforthe_Blacklands_,TexasWheat""J" ;&d ;Parameter A,!#" AValue A,!#" ASource 6,!#" 6InitialCrop(_INICRP_) F<{  ?1?F1 P\;0{"  ?1 ? PSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!{"\ -InitialSurfaceCondition n (_ISCOND_) =3  2   @3@=3 P\;0n "  @3 @ PSetto3forresidueonsurfacepriortoplanting.Perconversation n  withTom_Gerik_,winterwheatproductionin_Blacklands_Ԁareais  2  conductedwithsomeformofconservationtillage.Wheatis [   growndryland,inrotationwithcorn,sorghum,orcotton.Itis   plantedOctober15,after_disking_/chisel;muchresidueislefton  ~ surface(upto30%groundcover).Duetostrong_peds_Ԁinsurface  B horizon,thereisverylittlewinderosion. -#!k  "\ -NumberofDifferentCrops ^  (_NDC_) =3 "   ?1?=1 P\;0^ "  ?1 ? PSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#!^ "\ -NumberofCroppingPeriods z  (_NCPDS_) >4 >   >@30>@>30 Q\<1z "  >@30 >@ QSettoweatherdata.Austin,TX(W13958) -#!z "\ -Maximumrainfall  interceptionstorageofcrop Z (_CINTCP_) ?5  ?0.1??0.1 R\=2" ?0.1 ? R_PRZM_ԀTable5.4(EPA,1998) -#!"\ -MaximumActiveRoot v Depth(_AMXDR_)  :  110cm 2\v!" 2ConsultationwithTom_Gerik_Ԁ(2547746128).Mostwheatin v" _Blacklands_Ԁisgrownonsoils(parentmaterialcaliche/limestone) :# upto6'deep.Theaveragedepthofthesoilsis3-4',withthe c$ AustinsoilbeingtheshallowerandtheHoustonclaythedeeper. '% 110cmapprox.43in.Maybeinconsistentwithotherwheat & scenariosduetodifferentsources. -#!J'"\ -MaximumCanopyCoverage ( (_COVMAX_) >4 f)  X@99X@>Ѐ99 Q\<1*"  X@99 X@ QTom_Gerik_Ԁ(2547746128)@...Duetogoodmoistureconditions + (35-36"peryear,mostlyasspringrains),canopyisverythick f, (99-100%). -#!*-"\ -SoilSurfaceConditionAfter . Harvest(_ICNAH_) =3 F/  @3@=3 P\;00"  @3 @ PTom_Gerik_Ԁ(2547746128)@..,winterwheatin_Blacklands_Ԁareais 1 harvestedfrommid-MaytoearlyJune.Theearliestrepeatcropis F2 thefollowingspring.Thestubbleisleftaloneuntilmidtolate o 3 summer,whenitis_disked_ԀonceinAugust/September. -#!3 4"\ -DateofCropEmergence !&5 (_EMD_,EMM,_IYREM_)  O"6 16/10 6\!!&7" 6UsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.FieldCrops !&8 (USDA,1984).Note:Emergencesetatmid-pointofplanting O"9 periodplus7daysforemergence.Maturationbasedon200day #: averageperiod.Harvestingdatesettothemid-pointofmost #r; activeperiodofharvesting. $6 < Cropmaturityandharvestdatesoccurintheyearfollowing _% = emergence,sincethisisanoverwinteringcrop.Cropisgrowing #&!> atthebeginningofsimulation.@.. >42&"?"<<,\ >DateofCropMaturity #b@ (MAD,MAM,_IYRMAT_)  $& A 30/04 6!#bB" 6 'c#B 'DateofCropHarvest(HAD, &!C HAM,_IYRHAR_)  &b"D 17/06 6!&!E" 6 '%:!E 'MaximumDryWeight ?(#F (_WFMAX_) 2( )$G # 20.0 E\0%?(#H" #  ESetto 0"Notusedinsimulation ?(#I  -#!)$J"\ -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  [*%K 94,87,88 2\\[*%L" 2GleamsManualTableH4;Fallow=FallowSR/poor;Cropping [*%M andResidue=SmallgrainSR/good@..(USDA,1990) +&N 08/14/01consultationwithJimmyWilliams(254.774.6124)@.., +~'O ResearchScientistat_Blacklands_ԀResourcesCenter,Temple,TX; ,B(P specialty:_hydrologic_Ԁengineering.Winterwheatin_Blacklands_ k-)Q areaisgrownonhighlystructuredsoils(stronggranular_peds_Ԁin_  ԍsurface x   horizon).Becauseofproductionpractices(stubble, <   conservationtillage),croppingandresidueCNvalues(87    and88)aretheonesJWrecommended.Hestatedthatthe  _  antecedentmoisturehasthemosteffectonrunoff._  _ /%#/.)R"\\ /ManningsNValue d (_MNGN_) A7 ( y&1?0.014y&1?A0.014 T?4d" y&1?0.014 y&1? T_RUSLE_ԀProject,J94CTCTN;Cotton,no-tillage,WacoTX d (USDA,2000) -#!(" -_USLE_ԀCFactor(_USLEC_)   0.026  0.318 2D" 2_RUSLE_ԀProject;J94CTCTN;Cotton,no-tillage,WacoTX   (USDA,2000) 1'!D " 1       'e* dddd dd dd \e(#e(#,d , td , td +  @QQQ+   j@ X@XTable4. _PRZM_Ԁ3.12_Crocket_ԀFineSandyLoamSoilParametersforthe_Blacklands_,TexasWheat \\QG/ H  j QQQ I\Parameter A\\,! "\Q AValue A\\Q,! "\\ AVerificationSource @ S\QD, " I \\Q ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;\\,!5 \Q ;203cm E\\QQ0!5 "\\ ESoilDataMartDatabasefor_Milam_ 5  County,TX.Datafor_Crockett_Ԁfine   sandyloam,1to3percentslopes. D   b\QQQ=c "\L I \\QQ ybNumberofHorizons   (_NHORIZ_) =\\Q,!B\QQ =5(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E\\QQ0! "\\Q E U\QQB&e  0 y \\QQ IUFirst,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2,3) Y\QJ/" I \QQ IYHorizonThickness [ (_THKNS_) >\\/!\Q >10cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) [  8cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) ! 15cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) j" 74cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) $# 96cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\QQ0!C$"\\ ESoilDataMartDatabasefor_Milam_ [% County,TX.Datafor_Crockett_Ԁfine & sandyloam,1to3percentslopes. j' 4% ^Q!O  5  http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/6!   7 ^!. $(   Fieldcapacityandwiltingpointwere !P6 takenfromthe_SoilDataMart_ԀDatabase o" 7 (_wthirdbar_r_Ԁand_wfifteenbar_r_Ԁfieldsin )#8 the_chorizon_Ԁtable) #~9  d\QU=$8 :\\\ U I \\QQ IdBulkDensity(BD) ;\\,! ;\Q ;1.55gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2)  < 1.48gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) ?= 1.6gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) > 1.6gcm3(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!N?"\\ E H\Q9&? I \\Q HInitialWaterContent @ (_THETO_) ;\\,!JA\Q ;0.196cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) B 0.34cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) JC 0.291cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) iD 0.311cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!#E"\\ E C\Q4!mE \\Q CCompartmentThickness e F (_DPN_) ;\\,!!G\Q ;0.1cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1) e H 4cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=2) !I 5cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) !tJ 2cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) ".K 4cm(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!M#L"\\ E C\Q4!xL \\Q CFieldCapacity(_THEFC_) ;\\,!$* M\Q ;0.196cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) $* N 0.34cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) I% O 0.291cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) &!P 0.311cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!&X"Q"\\ E H\Q9!$Q \\Q IHWiltingPoint(_THEWP_) ;\\,!'#R\Q ;0.103cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) '#S 0.245cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) (T$T 0.213cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) s)%U 0.187cm3H2Ocm3soil(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\Q0!-*%V"\\ E K\QQ:&w'#V I \\Q yKOrganicCarbonContent o+ 'W (OC) =\\Q,!),'X\QQ =0.73%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=1,2) o+ 'Y 0.2%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=3) ),'Z 0.17%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=4) ,~([ 0.17%(_HORIZN_Ԁ=5) E\\QQ0!-8)\"\\Q E 6,**&\ 0 y \\QQ 6Ї Burns.1992.Burns,L.A.,(Coordinator),_B.W._ԀAllen,Jr.,M.C.Barber,S.L.Bird,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_, e _M.J._Ԁ_Fendley_,_D.R._Ԁ_Hartel_,C.A._Kittner_,_F.L._ԀMayer,Jr.,L.A.Suarez,and_S.E._Ԁ_Wooten_. Q  P esticideand I ndustrialChemical R isk Analysisand H azard A ssessment,Version3.0. = (PIRANHA)EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,U.S. ) EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.1992.  EPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043)   EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.  t EPA.1998._Carsel_,R.F.,_J.C._Ԁ_Imhoff_,P.R._Hummel_,_J.M._Ԁ_Cheplick_,andA.S._Donigian_,Jr.  L  _PRZM_Ԅ3,AModelforPredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturated  8  SoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0.NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,Officeof $  ResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. u  EPA.1999.Jones,_R.D._,J._Breithaupt_,J.Carleton,L._Libelo_,J.Lin,R._Matzner_,andR.Parker. M  GuidanceforUseoftheIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments. 9  EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.Environmental % ProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C.  EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlof  ExistingandNew_PRZM_ԀFieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateand p EffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency, \ Washington,D.C. H EPA.2004.PesticideRootZoneModel(_PRZM_)FieldandOrchardCropScenarios:Guidance   forSelectingFieldCropandOrchardScenarioInputParameters.November15,2001;Revisions q  July2004. ] _Haan_,C.T.andB.J._Barfield_.1978.Hydrologyand_Sedimentology_ԀofSurfaceMinedLands. 5 OfficeofContinuingEducationandExtension,CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky, ! Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.   USDA.1984.UsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.FieldCrops,StatisticalReporting !  Service,U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,AgricultureHandbook#628,pp.78. "l! USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G._Knisel_.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55. $D # USDAARSSoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,_Tifton_ԀGA._SEWRL_Ԅ030190FMD. %0!$ USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(_RUSLE_)EPAPesticideProject.U.S. m'#& DepartmentofAgriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(_NRCS_)andAgricultural Y(#' ResearchService(ARS).31