WPClv xp r,B;ĮΜ ܇e2:޸K cHdV3&P9/1l}Vܰ7f3d=!JeLGk8=qSIf&R``ļ+MCɰɂ[gX!T廨FCuat84ZDD DfgmRn:J2.ӂ&*$]3}]mp=A|m'x~enq-=-Ñ]#bHTIJ iÅiyK0~dSF+ze2GQ2+ȩ3ց DG%&_v2ۍ: ŒZݻ@?<o(X$h Qw"#K񳤕;YeIxXM{*6s([u=Jm҂E&7}NZw ĿS<#z&UN;( %( 0((,(^ (w(4()) m)f/)a1)fE)aG)f[)a])fq)as)f)a)f)a)f)a)f)a)U+N)f-*a/*fC*aE*fY*a[*fo*aq*V* 0N*V)+V+V+l+,f,a,f,a,f,a,f,a, B , C  -V&-f|-a~-f-a-f-a-f-a-V-f*.a,. B. *@.fj.al.f.a.f.a.V.f/f/f/a/f/a/f2/a4/fH/aJ/V^/N/f/a/f/ AQ/0 0D0 0D)1 0Dm1a1 D31f1a1f2a2V$2fz2a|2f2a2f2a2f2a2a2V22<32n3232324f64 C84aR4ff4ah4f|4a~4f4a4V4n4nl5n5fH6aJ6f^6a`6ft6av62646464$7fX7fZ7a\7Vp7a7f7a7f7a7f8a8f8f8a 8V48V8a8f8a8f 9f 9a9V"9ax9f9a9f9a929V9f@:aB:fV:aX:Vl:f:a:f:a:f:a:V;LZ;L;L;f><a@<fT<aV<fj<al<f<a<V<<f=f=a=a=f.=a0=fD=aF=fZ=a\=Vp=a=f=a=f=a=f>a>V>fr>at>f>a>f>a>f>a>V>T ?ft?av?f?a?f?a?f? D{3?a?f?f@a@V@fm@ao@f@a@h@XAfYAa[AVoAfAaAfAaAfAaAfBa BfBaBV3B^BfBaBfBaBfCaCV)CfCaCfCaCfCaCfCaCVCz-DfDaDfDaDfDaDfDaDVDfUEaWEfkEamEfEaEfEaEVEPFPSFfFaFfFaFfFaFfFfFaFVF>SG>GaGfGaGfGaGfHhHfyHfHaHVHfKIfIaIfIaIfIaIaIfJa JfJfJa!JV5JaJ^JfJaJVKfiKakKfKaKfKaKaKfKaKVKf+La-LfALaCLfWLaYLfmLfoLaqLfLaLfLaLfLaLVLZMfwMayMfMaMfMaMfMfMaMVMa'Nf;Na=NfQNaSNfgNaiNf}NaNVNfNaNfNaO^OfsOauOVOfOaOfOaOf Pa Pf!Pa#Pf7Pf9Pa;PVOPaPfPaPfPaPVPf;Qa=QfQQaSQfgQfiQakQaQfQaQVQhQfgRfRaRfRaRfRaRfSaSV%Sf{Sa}SfSaSfSaSfSaSfSaSVSf?TaATfUT:WTfTaTfTaTfTaTfTaTVTa?UfSUaUUfiUakUVUfUaUfUaUfVaVfVaVV-V\VfVaVVVKWfaWacWfwWayWfWaWaWfWaWVWf#Xa%Xf9Xf;Xa=XVQX`XXYa_YfsYdYf=Z:?Z:yZaZfZ:Za[x[f[:[a[:[V\ 1o\ 0c\ 0wY]:] 0 ^ 0^ 04_ 0_ 0` 0a 1uybb 72cfc:ca"df6da8d:LdfdadU*dfdadVdf2ea4efHeaJef^ea`eU[@tetef(fa*fV>fffafffafU*fTff>ga@gbTgfgagVgf"ha$hf8ha:hfNhaPh~dh~hf`iabiVvifiaifiaifiaifjftjVjd0kVkdkVNldlfma mVmftmavmfmamfmamfmfnVndnVqUJNqHqfqaqfqaqf rar2"rfTraVrVjrfrarfrarfrarfsasVsfnsapsfsasfsasfsasVsftatf2ta4tfHtaJtf^ta`tVttftatftatftatf uauV"ufxuazufuaufuauFufvavVvHP LaserJet 4,,,,,,0(hH  Z6Times New Roman RegularX($ Metadata PRZMMw.L ~q.3|xUTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_UTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_U(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)(O$http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/crops-agriculture.htmlTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_U d dhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_P&0 d dTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PYZ[\^C<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  (3$ !  ($$   1  TABLE A3333'dxdTABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_UTABLE Ahttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://edis.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.eduddTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/cropprofiles.cfmhttp://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/cropprofiles.cfmhttp://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/cropprofiles.cfmTable_PTABLE ATABLE Ahttp://edis.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/Table_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_PTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/opmppiap/subcrp.htmTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE Ahttp://edis.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)TABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofilesHttp://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofilesHttp://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofilesTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)  Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://www.orst.edu/dept/hort/orchardnet/Table_PTABLE ATABLE AAAAA'dxdTable_PTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)TABLE ATABLE Ahttp://forage.cas.psu.edu/docs/species/alfalfa.htmlhttp://forages.orst.edu/IS/NAIS/default.cfmTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_PTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://caf.wvu.edu/kearneyville/fruitloop.htmlTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/osd/dat/C/CHEWACLA.htmlTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://peanutsusa.com/what/growing.htmlhttp://peanutsusa.com/what/growing.htmlTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/ncpmip/http://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/ncpmip/Table_PTABLE ATABLE Ahttp://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/rowcrops/http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/rowcropsTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/rowcropsTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_PTABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)TABLE Ahttp://caf.wvu.edu/kearneyville/fruitloop.htmlTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_PTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)TABLE ATABLE ATable_PTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://www.orst.edu/Dept/NWREC/snapbean.htmlTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_PTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)TABLE ATABLE Ahttp://caf.wvu.edu/kearneyville/fruitloop.htmlTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_PTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)TABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATable_PTABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://forage.cas.psu.edu/docs/species/alfalfa.htmlhttp://texaserc.tamu.edu/catalog/topics/Crops.htmlTable_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_UTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_P 0       Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)TABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://www.oda.state.or.us/hops/extcr104.htmlTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)  Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)TABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)http://www.sjrcd.org/ag/effective_root_zone.htmhttp://www.orst.edu/dept/coarc/obsersty.htmTable_Phttp://www.css.orst.edu/seed-ext/pub/industry.htm"http://www.css.orst.edu/seed-ext/pub/industry.htm 0     8 8  0     8  TABLE A 0       TABLE Ahttp://wwwagcomm.ads.orst.edu/AgComWebfile/EdMat/PNW227.pdf 0     8 e Table_U 0       http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)hڥCEIMQUY]aAutoList1i)1)a)(;3$2#  0  .3  0  (O;$0  2#  a  .3  0` (#(# 0     8 8 (b$0  0` (#(#2#   .3  0 ` (#` (#(xir$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2#(  0  )3  0 (# (#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#2#(  a  )3  0h(#(#(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#2#(   )3  0h(#h(#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#2#  0  )3  0(#(#({$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#2#  a  )3  0p(#(#3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5i) 0     8 8 Table_PTABLE A 0     8 8 TABLE A%2A`ArialTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE A(O Z(Times New Roman http://www.agweb.okstate.edu/pearl/hort/fruits/f6244.htmlTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE A%2A`Arialhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/osd/TABLE Ahttp://wa.nacdnet.org/partnership/root_zone.htm;Table_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE Ahttp://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/docs/FLpeppers-bell.htmlhttp://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/docs/FLpeppers-bell.htmlTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE Ahttp://www.css.orst.edu/Classes/CSS322/Growing.htmhttp://www.css.orst.edu/Classes/CSS322/Growing.htmhttp://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/opmppiap/subcrp.htmhttp://www.css.orst.edu/Classes/CSS322/select.htmhttp://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/opmppiap/subcrp.htmhttp://www.css.orst.edu/Classes/CSS322/select.htmhttp://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/opmppiap/subcrp.htmhttp://www.css.orst.edu/Classes/CSS322/select.htmTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE Ahttp://www.css.orst.edu/Classes/CSS322/Growing.htmhttp://www.css.orst.edu/Classes/CSS322/Growing.htmhttp://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/opmppiap/subcrp.htmhttp://www.css.orst.edu/Classes/CSS322/select.htmhttp://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/opmppiap/subcrp.htmhttp://www.css.orst.edu/Classes/CSS322/select.htmTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)\  `&Times New RomankIA`2WP TypographicSymbolshttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_LH066Table_PTABLE ATABLE Ahttp://edis.ifas.ufl.eduTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE ATable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)Table_PTABLE ATABLE Ahttp://www.uga.edu/fruit/pecan.htmTable_Uhttp://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/) !  _e bDi%|y&XX  _DRAFT_ 8  PesticideRootZoneModelFieldandOrchardCropScenarioMetadata 0 May22,2003 `   x _XXINTRODUCTION     Afundamentalconstructforusingdatainanynumberofelectronicenvironments,whether  theyaredatabases,models,ortheWorldWideWeb,istohaveanunderstandingofthedataor p informationthatmakeupitsessentialparts.Metadataisliterallythe"dataaboutdata. `  Metadataistheinformationusedbyavarietyofgroupstodesign,create,describe,preserve,and P  useinformationresourcesandsystems.Thecrucial,nonpesticidespecificelementsofeach @  PesticideRootZoneModel(PRZM)fieldandorchardscenarioisrecordedasameansof 0  preservinganauthoritativeandreproduciblerecordofthedesign,construct,andsourceofeach  p  elementofthescenario. `      Ingeneral,theinformationassembledtocreatedeachscenariowillhavethreebasic @  features:content,context,andstructure;allofwhicharereflectedthroughmetadata.Thedata 0  contentrelatestowhateachscenariocontainsorisaboutandisintrinsictothefieldororchard   beingmodeled.Contentreflectstheelementbywhichthedesignerauthenticatesandcompletes  thecontentofthefieldororchardscenario.Forexample,contentisthedateofacrops  maturation,theorganiccontentofaparticularsoil,ortherateatwhichsnowmeltsinthelocation  ofthescenario.Contextsarethoseaspectsassociatedwiththescenarioscreation,suchasthe  howorfromwherethesoilcharacteristicswereselected,wheretheweatherstationislocated,or  whatcroppingpracticeswerechosenandwhy.Thestructurerelatestotheassociationswithinand p amongtheindividualparametersthatmakeupthescenario.Anexampleofthestructurewouldbe ` therelationshipofthedepthofthetotalsoilprofiletotheindividualsoilhorizons.Allthree P aspectsofmetadataareessentialcomponentsofascenarioandhavebeencapturedanddescribed @ infollowingpages. 0   Inshort,inanenvironmentwhereimmediateaccesstounderlyinginformationusedto ` governtheconstructofaPRZMfieldororchardscenario,metadata: P  (ڥx3"3"  ݀3B 2ڥ3  0    certifiestheauthenticityanddegreeofcompletenessofthescenarioscontent;3B t ݌0(#(# Ќ  "3"  ݀3P 2ڥ3  0    establishesanddocumentsthecontextofthescenarioscontent;3P ݌ (#(# Ќ  "3"  ݀3O2ڥ3  0    identifiesthestructuralrelationshipsthatexistbetweenandwithinaparameterofthe ! scenario;3O݌" (#(# Ќ  "3"  ݀32ڥ3  0    providesanaccesspointforadiverserangeofusersofthescenario;and3݌#!(#(# Ќ  "3"  ݀32ڥ3  0    assembleselectronicallytheinformationthedevelopermighthaveordinarilyprovidedina $" physicalreference.3݌% #(#(# Ќ    ThefollowingdescriptionsofeachPRZMfieldandorchardscenariousedinthe `'"% assessmentofdrinkingwaterexposuresderivedfromsurfacewatersourcesreflectthebasic P(#& principlesofestablishingadministrativeanddescriptive metadata.However,itremainsvitally @)$' importanttounderstandthatmetadataisthe dataaboutthedataandactingasumbrellastothis 0*%( informationaretheestablishedAgencyproceduresforensuringthequalityofthatinformation.  +p&) ThisisaccomplishedthroughthebasictenantsofQualityAssuranceandQualityControlinthe ,`'* selectionofparametersthatconstitutesthefieldandorchardscenario.  -P(+  i%CALIFORNIAALFALFA(NorthernandSouthern )    ThefieldusedtorepresentalfalfaproductioninCaliforniaislocatedinSanJoaquin  CountyintheCentralValley,althoughthecropisgrownthroughouttheCentralValleyandasfar  southastheImperialValley.Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Californiaisranked p 1stinpoundsofalfalfahayharvestedandamongthetop10inacresplanted.Alfalfaisa `  perennialcrop,plantedearlyintheyearandmaintainedundercontinuouscultivationona4to5 P  yearcycleatwhichtimeanewcropisplanted..Plantingdepthsrangefrom0.25to1.0inches, @  dependingonsoiltexture,onlevelseedbeds.Rowspacingisapproximately30inches;nearlyall 0  alfalfaisirrigatedinCaliforniabyflooding.Cuttingsrangefrom3to5peryearundermost  p  conditions.AlfalfapreferswelldrainedsoilwithapHnearneutral.Rootsystemsrarelyexceed2 `  feetinCaliforniaandcuttingsoccurwhentheplantreachesaheightofapproximately30inches. P  Thesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldisabenchmarksoil,Sacramentoclay.Sacramentoclay,isa @  veryfine,smectitic,thermicCumulicVerticEndoaquolls.Thesesoilsareoftenusedforalfalfa 0  cultivationprovidingthewatertableislow.Sacramentoclayisapoorlytoverypoorlydrained,   slowlypermeablesoilwithveryslowtoslowrunoff.Thesesoilsformedinfinetexturedalluvium  ofmixedoriginandareofmoderateextent.Theyaregenerallyfoundinlevelbasinsatelevations  nearsealevelto60feet.Thesoilistypicalofsoilsusedforavarietyofrowcrops,rice,safflower  andalfalfa.SacramentoclayisaHydrologicGroupDsoil.  {UXX* ddd Xdd Xdd Xe(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7AAA4"PP {7 Table1. PRZM3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaAlfalfa    \3A4G/p  { AAA4 q\Parameter A334,!3A4 AValue A33A4,!"334 ASource S3AD," q 33A4 qSStartingDate )33`3A )  January1,1948 833A4#!` 33 8F MeteorologicalFileSouthern:Bakersfield,CA ` (W23155)andNorthern:Sacramento,CA ( (W23232) J3A;#  q 33A4 qJEndingDate )33@!3A )  December31,1983 833A4#!@" 33 8MeteorologicalFileSouthern:Bakersfield,CA @# (W23155)andNorthern:Sacramento,CA  $ (W23232)#XX{U#{UXX J3A;#!% q 33A4 qJPanEvaporationFactor " & (PFAC) K33<#'3A \(\?0.73\(\?K  0.73 " ( #  Y33A4DB#)  \(\?0.73 \(\?33 Y#PRZMManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J3A;#" * q 33A4 qJSnowmeltFactor $8 + (SFAC) )33%!,3A )  0.45cmC1 $8 - $  833A4#!%!. 33 8B%PRZMManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J3A;#$8 / q 33A4 ZJMinimumDepthof 'P"0 Evaporation(ANETD) )33'#13A )  15.0cm 'P"2 d&  833A4#!'#3 33 8&PRZMManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) E3AAA2#'P"4 Z 33A4 E#XX{U"#{UXX6,*)h$5 0   3AAA 6  *(&6 & #  *K3lddSd Std  td e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  *4 * Table2. PRZM3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaAlfalfa#XX{U{'#{UXX ;4&d4 ;Parameter A4,!p"4 AValue A4,!p"4 ASource#XX{U)#{UXX 6,!p"4 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(ERFLAG) ' '4(MUSS) 24" 2PRZMManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"4 6USLEKFactor  @  (USLEK) '   '0.20tonsEI1* 24 @ " 2#XX{U*#{UXXNRIAveragevaluelistedforthesoilseriesSacramento -#! @ "4 -USLELSFactor  d  (USLELS) @6  , RQ?0.19RQ?@0.19 S4>3 d" RQ?0.19 RQ? S#XX{U,#{UXXNRIAveragevaluelistedforthesoilseriesSacramento#XX{U.#{UXX -#! d"4 -USLEPFactor 8  (USLEP) @6 P  ?1.00?@1.00 S4>38 " ?1.00 ? S#XX{U.#{UXXNRIAveragevaluelistedforthesoilseriesSacramento#XX{U/#{UXX -#!8 "4 -FieldArea \  (AFIELD)  $t  172ha 24\ " 2#XX{U60#{UXXAreaofShipmanReservoirwatershed(EPA,1999) -#!\ "4 -NRCSHyetograph   (IREG) =3 H  ?1?=1 P4;0 "  ?1 ? PPRZMManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#! "4 -Slope(SLP)   2% 24" 2MarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCountyCooperative  ExtensionAgent.2094682085 -#!l "4 -HydraulicLength(HL)  ! 600m 24"" 2ShipmanReservoir(EPA,1999) -#!#"4 -IrrigationFlag $t$ (IRFLAG)  <% 2(cropping $t& periodonly) 24<'" 2MarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCountyCooperative $t( ExtensionAgent.2094682085#XX{U"1#{UXX -#!<)"4 -IrrigationType H* (IRTYP)  `+ 1(Flood) 24H," 2MarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCountyCooperative H- ExtensionAgent.2094682085#XX{U5#{UXX -#!`."4 -LeachingFactor l/ (FLEACH) ?5 40 ?0.1??0.1 R4=2l1" ?0.1 ? RMarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCountyCooperative l2 ExtensionAgent.2094682085#XX{U6#{UXX -#!43"4 -FractionofWater 4 Capacitywhen X5 IrrigationisApplied  p6 (PCDEPL) @6  87 ?0.55?@0.55 S4>38" ?0.55 ? SMarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCountyCooperative 9 ExtensionAgent.2094682085#XX{Uy8#{UXX -#!X:"4 -MaximumRateat D"; whichIrrigationis  #\< Applied(RATEAP)  #$= 0.4cmhr1 24D">" 2MarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCountyCooperative D"? ExtensionAgent.2094682085#XX{Uc:#{UXX 1'! #\@"4 1*EI=100fttons*in/acre*hr0% A       &@"B   ''& )  *J3dddd dd dd K3le(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *4xx * Table3 .PRZM3.12CropParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaAlfalfa#XX{U;#{UXX ;4&,4 ;Parameter A4,!8"4 AValue A4,!8"4 ASource#XX{Ur>#{UXX 6,!8"4 6InitialCrop(INICRP) F<  ?1?F1 P4;0"  ?1 ? P#XX{U?#{UXXSettooneforallcrops(EPA.2001) -#!"4 -InitialSurfaceCondition  @  (ISCOND) =3     ?1?=1 P4;0 @ "  ?1 ? P#XX{U@#{UXXMarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCounty  @  CooperativeExtensionAgent.2094682085#XX{UB#{UXX -#!  "4 -NumberofDifferentCrops  d (NDC) =3  ,  ?1?=1 P4;0 d"  ?1 ? P#XX{UB#{UXXSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! d"4 -NumberofCropping 8  Periods P  (NCPDS) >4    B@36B@>36 Q4<18 "  B@36 B@ Q#XX{UC#{UXXSettoweatherdata.MeteorologicalFileBakersfield, 8  CA(W23155)#XX{URE#{UXXԀorSacramento,CA(W23232) -#!P "4 -Maximumrainfall $t  interceptionstorageofcrop <  (CINTCP) @6  ?0.25?@0.25 S4>3$t " ?0.25 ? SMaximumrecommendedvalueforgrass#XX{UE#{UXXԀ(EPA,2001) -#!$t "4 -MaximumActiveRoot ` Depth(AMXDR)  ( 60cm 24`" 2#XX{UG#{UXXMarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCounty `  CooperativeExtensionAgent.2094682085#XX{UH#{UXX -#!(!"4 -MaximumCanopy 4" Coverage(COVMAX) ?5 L# Y@100Y@?100 R4=24$" Y@100 Y@ R#XX{U?I#{UXXMarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCounty 4% CooperativeExtensionAgent.2094682085#XX{UvJ#{UXX -#!L&"4 -SoilSurfaceCondition X' AfterHarvest(ICNAH) =3  p(  ?1?=1 P4;0X)"  ?1 ? P#XX{U"K#{UXXMarciaCampbellMatthews;SanJoaquinCounty X* CooperativeExtensionAgent.2094682085#XX{U_L#{UXX -#! p+"4 -DateofCropEmergence |, (EMD,EMM,IYREM) A7 D- %@37164%@A10/01 T4?4|." %@37164 %@ T#XX{U M#{UXXValuesettoapproximateplantingcycle.Alfalfais |/ plantedoneeveryfiveyearswithmultiplecuttingsin D0 everyyear -#! \1"4 -DateofCropMaturity h2 (MAD,MAM,IYRMAT)  03 28/12 24h4" 2#XX{UQN#{UXXValuesettoapproximateplantingcycle.Alfalfais h5 plantedoneeveryfiveyearswithmultiplecuttingsin 06 everyyear#XX{UO#{UXX -#!H7"4 -DateofCropHarvest T 8 (HAD,HAM,IYRHAR)  !l9 31/12 24T :" 2#XX{UP#{UXXValuesettoapproximateplantingcycle.Alfalfais T ; plantedoneeveryfiveyearswithmultiplecuttingsin !l< everyyear#XX{UQ#{UXX -#!!4="4 -MaximumDryWeight @#> (WFMAX) 2( $X? # 20.0 E40%@#@" #  E#XX{UR#{UXXSetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!@#A"4 -SCSCurveNumber(CN)  d% B 90,88,89 24d% C" 2#XX{US#{UXXGleamsManualTableA.3,Pasture/Range,NonCNT, d% D Poor(USDA,1990) -#!,&|!E"4 -ManningsNValue '"F (MNGN) A7 P(#G Zd;O?0.023Zd;O?A0.023 T4?4'"H" Zd;O?0.023 Zd;O? T#XX{UT#{UXXRUSLEProject,A01OCOCM;Orchard,coveralley, '"I Mulchtill,Olympia,WA#XX{UUV#{UXXԀ(USDA,2000) -#!P(#J"4 -USLECFactor(USLEC)  )$K 0.0460.221 24)$L" 2#XX{UV#{UXXRUSLEProject;A01OCOCM;Orchard,coveralley, )$M Mulchtill,Olympia,WA.#XX{UW#{UXXVariablewithdate(USDA, t*%N 2000) 1'!<+&O"4 1,'P    -(P Ї#XX{UX#'<* dd4dd 4edd e<dd <J3e(#e(#, d , td , td +  @AAA4+ j@ Table4. PRZM3.12SacramentoSoilParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaAlfalfa \3A4G/X j AAA4 I\Parameter A334,!"3A4 AValue A33A4,!"334 AVerificationSource @ S3AD," I 33A4 ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;33,!83A ;176cm E33AA40!8"33 ENRCS,NationalSoils 8 CharacterizationDatabase(NRCS,  2001) h    b3AAQ=( x "3 I 33AA4 ybNumberofHorizons(NHORIZ) =33A,!  3AA =4(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E33AA40!  "33A E U3AAB&$ t  0 y 33AA4 IUFirst,Second,ThirdandFourthSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2,3,4) Y3AJ/p  " I 3AA IYHorizonThickness(THKNS) >33/! 3A >10cm(HORIZN=1)   8cm(HORIZN=2) x  157cm(HORIZN=3) 8  1cm(HORIZN=4) E33AA40!H "33 ENRCS,NationalSoils   CharacterizationDatabase(NRCS, x  2001) 8  4)N&O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils H  /ssl/)6 a&Oaalue  7NLa    d3AU=x "3x. I 33AA4 IdBulkDensity(BD) ;33,!@ 3A ;1.43gcm3(HORIZN=1,2) @  1.29gcm3(HORIZN=3) P  1.48gcm3(HORIZN=4) E33A40! "33 E H3A9&  I 33A4 HInitialWaterContent(THETO) ;33,!X3A ;0.42cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1,2) X 0.44cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=3)  0.39cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=4) E33A40! "33 E H3A9!  33A4 IHCompartmentThickness(DPN) ;33,! !3A ;0.1cm(HORIZN=1)  " 4.0cm(HORIZN=2) # 15.7cm(HORIZN=3) P$ 1cm(HORIZN=4) E33A40!`%"33 E H3A9&H% I 33A4 HFieldCapacity(THEFC) ;33,!X&3A ;0.44cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1,2) X' 0.42cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=3) h( 0.39cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=4) E33A40!()"33 E H3A9! ) 33A4 IHWiltingPoint(THEWP) ;33,! p*3A ;0.36cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1,2,3)  p+ 0.3cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=4) E33A40!0,"33 E K3AA:&, I 33A4 yKOrganicCarbonContent(OC) =33A,!(x-3AA =1.77%(HORIZN=1,2) (x. 0.84%(HORIZN=3,4) E33AA40!8/"33A E6,*/ 0 y 33AA4 6{UXX#XX{U"k#{UXXEPA.1998.Carsel,R.F.,J.C.Imhoff,P.R.Hummel,J.M.Cheplick,andA.S.Donigian,Jr.PRZM3,AModelfor  0 PredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturatedSoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0. h!1 NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtection 0"2 Agency,Athens,GA. "H3 EPA.1999.Jones,R.D.,J.Breithaupt,J.Carleton,L.Libelo,J.Lin,R.Matzner,andR.Parker.GuidanceforUseof $5 theIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments.EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,Officeof P% 6 PesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. &h!7 EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlofExistingandNewPRZM '"9 FieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms, p(#: U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Washington,D.C.#XX{Uek#{UXX 8)$; USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G.Knisel.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.USDAARS *&= SoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,TiftonGA.SEWRL030190FMD. +&> USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(RUSLE)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.Departmentof  -p(@ Agriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)andAgriculturalResearchService(ARS). -8)A Ї#XX{Up# CALIFORNIACITRUS(Southern)     ThefieldusedtorepresentcitrusproductioninCaliforniaislocatedinFresnoCountyin  theCentralValley,althoughcitrusproductionareasarequiteextensive(SanJoaquin,Coastal  IntermediateRegion,ImperialValley,CoachellaValley,andtheSouthernInteriorRegion). p Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Californiaisthemajorproducerofcitrus(lemons `  andoranges)forthefreshmarket,andamongthehighestproducersinothercitrus(grapefruit, P  tangerines,tangelos,andmandarins).Citrusisgenerallygrownonthefoothillstoavoidfrost @  damage.Areasunderandbetweenrowsoftreesaregenerallynoncultivated/nonmaintained. 0  Rowspacingisapproximately22feetandbetweentreespacingisapproximately18feet.Row  p  canopiestendtobe100percent,whilethecanopybetweenrowsislesstopermittheoperationof `  maintenanceandharvestequipment.Irrigationismostlybylowvolumedripormicrosprinkler P  systems,althoughfurrowandoverheadsprinklersarealsoused.Thesoilselectedtosimulatethe @  fieldisabenchmarksoil,Exeterloam.Exeterloam,isafineloamy,mixed,superactive,thermic 0  TypicDurixeralfs.Thesesoilsareoftenusedforcitrusproductionunderirrigation.Exeterloam   isamoderatelydeep,moderatelywelldrained,veryslowtomediumrunoffsoilthatformedin  alluviummainlyfromgranitesources.Thesoilalsoconsistsofaduripan.TheExeterloamhas  moderatelyslowpermeabilityabovetheduripanandveryslowpermeabilitywithintheduripan.  Thesesoilaregenerallyfoundonalluvialfansandstreamterracesatelevationsofupto700feet  abovemeansealevelandhaveslopesof0to9percent.ThesoilisextensiveinMLRA17.Exeter  loamisaHydrologicGroupCsoil. p {UXX* d d d  td td e(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7AAA4"00 {7 Table1. PRZM3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforFresnoCounty,CaliforniaCitrus    \3A4G/P  { AAA4 q\i|Parameter A334,!3A4 AValue A33A4,!"334 ASource S3AD," q 33A4 qSStartingDate )33@3A )  January1,1948 833A4#!@ 33 8~MeteorologicalFileSouthern:Bakersfield,CA @  (W23155) J3A;#! q 33A4 qJEndingDate )33!X"3A )  December31,1983 833A4#!!X# 33 8MeteorologicalFileSouthern:Bakersfield,CA !X$ (W23155)#XX{Uz#{UXX J3A;#! % q 33A4 qJPanEvaporationFactor  #p& (PFAC) J33;#8'3A ffffff?0.7ffffff?J  0.7  #p(   X33A4CA#8)  ffffff?0.7 ffffff?33 XPRZMManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J3A;# #p* q 33A4 qJSnowmeltFactor 8% + (SFAC) )33&P!,3A )  0.55cmC1 8% - H  833A4#!&P!. 33 8PRZMManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J3A;#8% / q 33A4 ZJMinimumDepthof P'"0 Evaporation(ANETD) )33(h#13A )  17.0cm P'"2   833A4#!(h#3 33 8PRZMManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) E3AAA2#P'"4 Z 33A4 E#XX{U#{UXX6,*h)$5 0   3AAA 6  (+x&6 & #  *3ddSd Std  td e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  *4 * Table2. PRZM3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforFresnoCounty,CaliforniaCitrus#XX{UĄ#{UXX ;4&d4 ;Parameter A4,!p"4 AValue A4,!p"4 ASource#XX{U#{UXX 6,!p"4 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(ERFLAG) ' '4(MUSS) 24" 2PRZMManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"4 6USLEKFactor  @  (USLEK) '   '0.28tonsEI1* 24 @ " 2#XX{U#{UXXNRIAveragevaluelistedforthesoilseriesExeter -#! @ "4 -USLELSFactor  d  (USLELS) @6  , zG?0.21zG?@0.21 S4>3 d" zG?0.21 zG? S#XX{U#{UXXNRIAveragevaluelistedforthesoilseriesExeter#XX{UQ#{UXX -#! d"4 -USLEPFactor 8  (USLEP) ?5 P  ?1.0??1.0 R4=28 " ?1.0 ? R#XX{Uȋ#{UXXNRIAveragevaluelistedforthesoilseriesExeter#XX{U#{UXX -#!8 "4 -FieldArea \  (AFIELD)  $t  172ha 24\ " 2#XX{Uk#{UXXAreaofShipmanReservoirwatershed(EPA,1999) -#!\ "4 -NRCSHyetograph   (IREG) =3 H  ?1?=1 P4;0 "  ?1 ? PPRZMManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#! "4 -Slope(SLP)   5% 24" 2MarkFreeman,FresnoCountyCooperativeExtensionAgent. -#!"4 -HydraulicLength(HL)  P  600m 24P!" 2ShipmanReservoir(EPA,1999) -#!P""4 -IrrigationFlag \# (IRFLAG)  $t$ 2(cropping \% periodonly) 24$t&" 2#XX{UW#{UXXMarkFreeman,FresnoCountyCooperativeExtensionAgent.#XX{U#{UXX -#!\'"4 -IrrigationType ( (IRTYP)  H) 1(Flood) 24*" 2#XX{U#{UXXMarkFreeman,FresnoCountyCooperativeExtensionAgent.#XX{U#{UXX -#!+"4 -LeachingFactor , (FLEACH) ?5 l- ?0.1??0.1 R4=2." ?0.1 ? R#XX{U#{UXXEstimated -#!/"4 -FractionofWater 0 Capacitywhen 1 IrrigationisApplied X2 (PCDEPL) @6  p3 ?0.55?@0.55 S4>34" ?0.55 ? S#XX{U5#{UXXMarkFreeman,FresnoCountyCooperativeExtensionAgent.#XX{U#{UXX -#!5"4 -MaximumRateat |!6 whichIrrigationis D"7 Applied(RATEAP)   #\8 0.4cmhr1 24|!9" 2#XX{U9#{UXXPRZMManual,Table5.33(EPA,1998) 1'!|!:"4 1*EI=100fttons*in/acre*hrh$;       (&x!<   '9& )  *3dddd dd dd 3e(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *4xx * Table3 .PRZM3.12CropParametersforFresnoCounty,CaliforniaCitrus#XX{Ue#{UXX ;4&,4 ;Parameter A4,!8"4 AValue A4,!8"4 ASource#XX{U#{UXX 6,!8"4 6InitialCrop(INICRP) F<  ?1?F1 P4;0"  ?1 ? P#XX{U#{UXXSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"4 -InitialSurfaceCondition  @  (ISCOND) =3     @3@=3 P4;0 @ "  @3 @ P#XX{U2#{UXXMarkFreeman,FresnoCountyCooperativeExtension  @  Agent.#XX{U#{UXX -#!  "4 -NumberofDifferentCrops  d (NDC) =3  ,  ?1?=1 P4;0 d"  ?1 ? P#XX{U#{UXXSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! d"4 -NumberofCropping 8  Periods P  (NCPDS) >4    B@36B@>36 Q4<18 "  B@36 B@ Q#XX{UI#{UXXSettoweatherdata.MeteorologicalFileBakersfield, 8  CA(W23155)#XX{U#{UXX -#!P "4 -Maximumrainfall $t  interceptionstorageofcrop <  (CINTCP) @6  ?0.25?@0.25 S4>3$t " ?0.25 ? SMaximumrecommendedvalueforgrass#XX{UW#{UXXԀ(EPA,2001) -#!$t "4 -MaximumActiveRoot ` Depth(AMXDR)  ( 60cm 24`" 2#XX{Uޣ#{UXXMarkFreeman,FresnoCountyCooperativeExtension `  Agent.#XX{U#{UXX -#!(!"4 -MaximumCanopy 4" Coverage(COVMAX) >4 L#  T@80T@>80 Q4<14$"  T@80 T@ Q#XX{Ur#{UXXMarkFreeman,FresnoCountyCooperativeExtension 4% Agent.#XX{U#{UXX -#!L&"4 -SoilSurfaceCondition X' AfterHarvest(ICNAH) =3  p(  @3@=3 P4;0X)"  @3 @ P#XX{U6#{UXXMarkFreeman,FresnoCountyCooperativeExtension X* Agent.#XX{Us#{UXX -#! p+"4 -DateofCropEmergence |, (EMD,EMM,IYREM) A7 D- @@36922@@A02/01 T4?4|." @@36922 @@ T#XX{U#{UXXValuesettoadefaultevergreencyclewithnospecific |/ cropgrowthmilestonesuchasfloweringoffruitset.#XX{UH#{UXX -#!D0"4 -DateofCropMaturity 1 (MAD,MAM,IYRMAT) A7 h2  @36950 @A03/01 T4?43"  @36950  @ T#XX{U #{UXXValuesettoadefaultevergreencyclewithnospecific 4 cropgrowthmilestonesuchasfloweringoffruitset.#XX{UQ#{UXX -#!h5"4 -DateofCropHarvest 6 (HAD,HAM,IYRHAR)  7 31/12 248" 2#XX{U#{UXXValuesettoadefaultevergreencyclewithnospecific 9 cropgrowthmilestonesuchasfloweringoffruitset.#XX{U#{UXX -#!:"4 -MaximumDryWeight  8; (WFMAX) 2( !< # 20.0 E40% 8=" #  E#XX{Uخ#{UXXSetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#! 8>"4 -SCSCurveNumber(CN)   #\? 84,79,82 24 #\@" 2#XX{U#{UXXGleamsManualTableA.3,Meadows,nofallow  #\A conditions(USDA,1990) -#!#$B"4 -ManningsNValue 0% C (MNGN) A7 %H!D Zd;O?0.023Zd;O?A0.023 T4?40% E" Zd;O?0.023 Zd;O? T#XX{U#{UXXRUSLEProject;D26CCCCMforcoveralleycitrus#XX{U#{UXX 0% F (USDA,2000) -#!%H!G"4 -USLECFactor(USLEC)  T'"H 0.0960.150 24T'"I" 2#XX{U#{UXXRUSLEProject;Variablewithdate,D26CCCCMfor T'"J coveralleycitrus#XX{U#{UXXԀ(USDA,2000) 1'!(l#K"4 1x)$L     #XX{U#')`  ,(O * dd4dd 4edd e<dd <3e(#e(#,d , td , td +  @AAA4+ j@ Table4. PRZM3.12ExeterSoilParametersforFresnoCounty,CaliforniaCitrus \3A4G/X j AAA4 I\Parameter A334,!"3A4 AValue A33A4,!"334 AVerificationSource @ S3AD," I 33A4 ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;33,!83A ;183cm E33AA40!8"33 ENRCS,NationalSoilsCharacterization 8 Database(NRCS,2001)   b3AAQ=h  "3dd6 I 33AA4 ybNumberofHorizons L   (NHORIZ) =33A,! \ 3AA =2(Basehorizons) E33AA40!L  "33A E U3AAB&  0 y 33AA4 IUFirstandSecondSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2) Y3AJ/  " I 3AA IYHorizonThickness   (THKNS) >33/! 3A >10cm(HORIZN=1)   173cm(HORIZN=2) E33AA40! "33 ENRCS,NationalSoilsCharacterization   Database(NRCS,2001)   4(#&O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)6&O  7#l"߼ L   d3AU= \ "3 d I 33AA4 IdBulkDensity(BD) ;33,!$ 3A ;1.59gcm3(HORIZN=1) $  1.76gcm3(HORIZN=2) E33A40! "33 E H3A9&L  I 33A4 HInitialWaterContent ,  (THETO) ;33,! 3A ;0.16cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1) ,  0.2cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=2) E33A40! "33 E H3A9!T  33A4 IHCompartmentThickness 4 (DPN) ;33,!3A ;0.1cm(HORIZN=1) 4 17.3cm(HORIZN=2) E33A40! "33 E H3A9&\  I 33A4 HFieldCapacity(THEFC) ;33,!<!3A ;0.16cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1) <" 0.2cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=2) E33A40!#"33 E H3A9!d# 33A4 IHWiltingPoint(THEWP) ;33,!D$3A ;0.06cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1) D% 0.11cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=2) E33A40!&"33 E K3AA:&l& I 33A4 yKOrganicCarbonContent L' (OC) =33A,! (3AA =0.46%(HORIZN=1) L) 0.19%(HORIZN=2) E33AA40! *"33A E6,*t* 0 y 33AA4 6{UXX#XX{U#{UXXEPA.1998.Carsel,R.F.,J.C.Imhoff,P.R.Hummel,J.M.Cheplick,andA.S.Donigian,Jr.PRZM3,AModelfor t+ PredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturatedSoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0. <, NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtection T- Agency,Athens,GA. . EPA.1999.Jones,R.D.,J.Breithaupt,J.Carleton,L.Libelo,J.Lin,R.Matzner,andR.Parker.GuidanceforUseof \0 theIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments.EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,Officeof $ t1 PesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C.  <2 EPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlofExistingandNewPRZM |"4 FieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms, D#5 U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Washington,D.C.  $\6 #XX{U#{UXXUSDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G.Knisel.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.USDAARS % 8 SoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,TiftonGA.SEWRL030190FMD. d&!9 USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(RUSLE)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.Departmentof 'D#; Agriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)andAgriculturalResearchService(ARS).#XX{U# ( $<  D-(A Ї CALIFORNIACORN(Northern )    ThefieldusedtorepresentcornproductioninCaliforniaislocatedinStanislaus/San  JoaquinCountiesintheCentralValley,althoughthecropisgrowninotherareasofthestate.  Accordingtothe1997CensusofAgriculture,Californiaisnotamongthetoptwentycorn p producingstatesintheU.S.ThecropisgenerallyplantedtheearlySpring(April)andharvested `  fromJulythruAugust.Continuouscornispracticeismuchoftheregion,however,rotationwith P  othercropsdoesoccur.Plantingdepthandrowspacing(generally30inches)followsgeneral @  practicesfortheU.S.Thecropisrarelygrownunderirrigation.Thesoilselectedtosimulatethe 0  fieldisaMaderaloam.Maderaloamisa,fine,smectitic,thermicAbrupticDurixeralfs.These  p  soilsareoftenusedfordryfarmedgrainsaswellasforirrigatedcroplandsuchasalfalfa, `  almonds,grapes,oranges,riceandtomatoes.Maderaloamisawelltomoderatelywelldrained, P  veryslowlypermeable,mediumtoveryslowrunoffsoilformedinoldalluviumderivedfrom @  graniterocksources.Theyareonundulatinglowterraceswithslopesof0to9percent.Theyare 0  generallyfoundatelevationsoflessthan250feetabovesealevelandareknownforthe   formationofvernalpoolsduringthewintermonths.ThesoilsareextensiveinMLRA17.  MaderaloamisaHydrologicGroupCsoil.  {UXX* d dd  td td e(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7AAA4" p p {7 Table1. PRZM3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaCorn    \3A4G/  { AAA4 q\1Parameter A334,!03A4 AValue A33A4,!0"334 ASource S3AD,0" q 33A4 qSStartingDate )3303A )  January1,1948 833A4#!0 33 8MeteorologicalFileNorthern:Sacramento,CA 0 (W23232) J3A;#H q 33A4 qJEndingDate )33H3A )  December31,1983 833A4#!H 33 8MeteorologicalFileNorthern:Sacramento,CA H  (W23232)#XX{U#{UXX J3A;#`! q 33A4 qJPanEvaporationFactor `" (PFAC) K33<( x#3A \(\?0.73\(\?K  0.73 `$   Y33A4DB( x%  \(\?0.73 \(\?33 YPRZMManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J3A;#`& q 33A4 qJSnowmeltFactor x!' (SFAC) )33@"(3A )  0.45cmC1 x!)   833A4#!@"* 33 8TPRZMManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J3A;#x!+ q 33A4 ZJMinimumDepthof #, Evaporation(ANETD) )33X$-3A )  15.0cm #. v  833A4#!X$/ 33 8PRZMManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) E3AAA2##0 Z 33A4 E#XX{U#{UXX6,*% 1 0   3AAA 6  h'"2 &   *3ddSd Std  td e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  *4 * Table2. PRZM3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaCorn#XX{U#{UXX ;4&d4 ;Parameter A4,!p"4 AValue A4,!p"4 ASource#XX{U#{UXX 6,!p"4 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(ERFLAG) ' '4(MUSS) 24" 2PRZMManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"4 6USLEKFactor  @  (USLEK) '   '0.34tonsEI1* 24 @ " 2#XX{U#{UXXPRZMInputCollator(Burns,1992)#XX{U#{UXXԀandFARMManual(C {UEPA.  @  1985)#{U CK##XX{U#{UXX -#!  "4 -USLELSFactor  l (USLELS) @6  4 HzG?0.79HzG?@0.79 S4>3 l" HzG?0.79 HzG? S#XX{U#{UXXHaanandBarfield,1979#XX{U#{UXX -#! l"4 -USLEPFactor @  (USLEP) @6 X  ?1.00?@1.00 S4>3@ " ?1.00 ? S#XX{UY#{UXXPRZMManual(EPA,1998)#XX{U#{UXX -#!@ "4 -FieldArea d  (AFIELD)  ,|  172ha 24d " 2#XX{U#{UXXAreaofShipmanReservoirwatershed(EPA,1999) -#!d "4 -NRCSHyetograph   (IREG) =3 P  ?1?=1 P4;0 "  ?1 ? PPRZMManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#! "4 -Slope(SLP)   4.5% 24" 2MidpointofsloperangeforsoilsseriesMadera(EPA,2001) -#! "4 -HydraulicLength(HL)  X! 600m 24X"" 2ShipmanReservoir(EPA,1999)#XX{U#{UXX 1'!X#"4 1*EI=100fttons*in/acre*hrd$      $t%   '& )  *3d ddd dd dd 3e(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *4xx * Table3 .PRZM3.12CropParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaCorn#XX{U#{UXX ;4&,4 ;Parameter A4,!8"4 AValue A4,!8"4 ASource#XX{U9#{UXX 6,!8"4 6InitialCrop(INICRP) F<  ?1?F1 P4;0"  ?1 ? P#XX{UL#{UXXSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"4 -InitialSurfaceCondition  @  (ISCOND) =3     ?1?=1 P4;0 @ "  ?1 ? P#XX{Up#{UXXPRZMInputCollator#XX{U#{UXXԀ(Burns,1992)#XX{U#{UXX -#! @ "4 -NumberofDifferentCrops  d  (NDC) =3  ,  ?1?=1 P4;0 d"  ?1 ? P#XX{Um#{UXXSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! d"4 -NumberofCropping 8  Periods P  (NCPDS) >4    B@36B@>36 Q4<18 "  B@36 B@ Q#XX{U#{UXXSettoweatherdata.MeteorologicalFileSacramento, 8  CA(W23232)#XX{U#{UXX -#!P "4 -Maximumrainfall $t  interceptionstorageofcrop <  (CINTCP) @6  ?0.25?@0.25 S4>3$t " ?0.25 ? SMaximumrecommendedvalueforgrass#XX{U#{UXXԀ(EPA,2001) -#!$t "4 -MaximumActiveRoot ` Depth(AMXDR)  ( 90cm 24`" 2#XX{U1#{UXXPRZMInputCollator#XX{U6#{UXXԀ(Burns,1992) -#!`"4 -MaximumCanopy 4  Coverage(COVMAX) ?5 L! Y@100Y@?100 R4=24"" Y@100 Y@ R#XX{U#{UXXPRZMInputCollator#XX{U#{UXXԀ(Burns,1992)#XX{U%#{UXX -#!4#"4 -SoilSurfaceCondition X$ AfterHarvest(ICNAH) =3  p%  @3@=3 P4;0X&"  @3 @ P#XX{Uu#{UXXPRZMInputCollator#XX{U#{UXXԀ(Burns,1992)#XX{U#{UXX -#!X'"4 -DateofCropEmergence |( (EMD,EMM,IYREM) A7 D) @@37106@@A08/04 T4?4|*" @@37106 @@ T#XX{UW#{UXXUsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.Field |+ Crops#XX{U#{UXXԀ(C {U#X~X C+#&%XX~USDA,1984)#&d%%&L##XX%&d#{UXX -#!D,"4 -DateofCropMaturity  - (MAD,MAM,IYRMAT)  . 27/07 24 /" 2#XX{U#{UXXBasedon110daymaturationforCAFieldCorn;  0 4*"I&O  5  http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/crops-agriculture.ht 1 ml6`&Otdula  7n"Ԁ#XX{U#{UXX -#!L2"4 -DateofCropHarvest 3 (HAD,HAM,IYRHAR) A7 p 4 @37111@A08/09 T4?45" @37111 @ T#XX{Ut#{UXXUsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.Field 6 Crops#XX{U#{UXXԀ(C {U#X~X CF#&%XX~USDA,1984)#&d%%&g##XX%&d#{UXX -#!p 7"4 -MaximumDryWeight !88 (WFMAX) 2( "9 # 20.0 E40%!8:" #  E#XX{U#{UXXSetto 0"Notusedinsimulation -#!!8;"4 -SCSCurveNumber(CN)   $\< 89,86,87 24 $\=" 2#XX{U0#{UXXGleamsManualTableA.3,Fallow=FallowSR/CT,  $\> poorcondition;CroppingandResidue=RowCrop $$ ? SR/CT/Poor#XX{U2#{UXXԀ(USDA,1990) -#!% @"4 -ManningsNValue &H"A (MNGN) A7 '#B Zd;O?0.023Zd;O?A0.023 T4?4&H"C" Zd;O?0.023 Zd;O? T#XX{U#{UXXRUSLEProject,C21CGBDC-Sacramentocorn &H"D conventionaltillage#XX{UM#{UXXԀ(USDA,2000) -#!'#E"4 -USLECFactor(USLEC)  )l$F 0.0180.611 24)l$G" 2#XX{U#{UXXRUSLEProject;C21CGBDC-Sacramentocorn )l$H conventionaltillage#XX{U#{UXX.Variablewithdate(USDA,2000) 1'!)4%I"4 1@+&J      -)L #XX{Ub #'* dd4dd 4edd e<dd <3e(#e(#,d , td , td +  @AAA4+ j@ Table4. PRZM3.12MaderaSoilParametersforSanJoaquinCounty,CaliforniaCorn \3A4G/X j AAA4 I\Parameter A334,!"3A4 AValue A33A4,!"334 AVerificationSource @ S3AD," I 33A4 ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;33,!83A ;100cm E33AA40!8"33 EPIC(Burns,1992)Confirmedwith: 8 NRCS,NationalSoilsCharacterization  Database(NRCS,2001) h    b3AAQ=( x "3l I 33AA4 ybNumberofHorizons    (NHORIZ) =33A,!l  3AA =4(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E33AA40!  "33A E U3AAB&$ t  0 y 33AA4 IUFirst,Second,ThirdandFourthSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2,3,4) Y3AJ/ 4" I 3AA IYHorizonThickness , | (THKNS) >33/! < 3A >10cm(HORIZN=1) , | 12cm(HORIZN=2)  <  30cm(HORIZN=3)   48cm(HORIZN=4) E33AA40!l "33 EPIC(Burns,1992)Confirmedwith: , | NRCS,NationalSoilsCharacterization  <  Database(NRCS,2001)   4' t&O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)6M&Oa  7l" l   d3AU=,| "3 I 33AA4 IdBulkDensity(BD) ;33,! 3A ;1.55gcm3(HORIZN=1,2,3)   1.6gcm3(HORIZN=4) E33A40!t "33 E H3A9&,|  I 33A4 HInitialWaterContent   (THETO) ;33,!|3A ;0.223cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1,2)   0.226cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=3) |  0.163cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=4) E33A40!<!"33 E C3A4!4 ! 33A4 CCompartmentThickness " (DPN) ;33,!D#3A ;0.1cm(HORIZN=1) $ 4.0cm(HORIZN=2) D% 5cm(HORIZN=3) T& 6cm(HORIZN=4) E33A40!'"33 E C3A4!L' 33A4 CFieldCapacity(THEFC) ;33,! \(3A ;0.223cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1,2)  \) 0.226cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=3) * 0.163cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=4) E33A40!+"33 E H3A9!+ 33A4 IHWiltingPoint(THEWP) ;33,!$,3A ;0.083cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1,2) $- 0.186cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=3) . 0.073cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=4) E33A40!T/"33 E K3AA:&L/ I 33A4 yKOrganicCarbonContent 0 (OC) =33A,!\13AA =0.58%(HORIZN=1,2) 2 0.29%(HORIZN=3) \3 0.174%(HORIZN=4) E33AA40! l4"33A E6,*d4 0 y 33AA4 6{UXXC {UBurns.1992.Burns,L.A.,(Coordinator),B.W.Allen,Jr.,M.C.Barber,S.L.Bird,J.M.Cheplick,M.J.Fendley,D.R. !$5 Hartel,C.A.Kittner,F.L.Mayer,Jr.,L.A.Suarez,andS.E.Wooten. P esticideand I ndustrialChemical R isk "6  Analysisand H azard A ssessment,Version3.0.(PIRANHA)EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearch ^#7 andDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.1992. $$t8 #{U C##XX{U#{UXXC {UEPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043)EnvironmentalResearch %!: Laboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. t&!; #{U C~##XX{U^#{UXXEPA.1998.Carsel,R.F.,J.C.Imhoff,P.R.Hummel,J.M.Cheplick,andA.S.Donigian,Jr.PRZM3,AModelfor (P#= PredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturatedSoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0. ($> NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtection )$? Agency,Athens,GA. X*%@ EPA.1999.Jones,R.D.,J.Breithaupt,J.Carleton,L.Libelo,J.Lin,R.Matzner,andR.Parker.GuidanceforUseof +8'B theIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments.EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,Officeof ,(C PesticidePrograms,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Washington.D.C. x-(D Ї#XX{U #{UXXEPA.2001.Abel,S.A.ProcedureforConductingQualityAssuranceandQualityControlofExistingandNewPRZM  FieldandOrchardCropStandardScenarios.EnvironmentalFateandEffectsDivision,OfficeofPesticidePrograms, x U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Washington,D.C. @ #XX{U$#X~XXXC XX~Haan,C.T.andB.J.Barfield.1978.HydrologyandSedimentologyofSurfaceMinedLands.OfficeofContinuing  Education#{U C%##XX{U%#{UXXԀC {UandExtension,0 m CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofKentucky,Lexington,Kentucky40506.pp.286.#{U C&##XX{U&#{UXXm (#m (# C {U#X~X C'#C XX~USDA.1984.UsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.FieldCrops,StatisticalReportingService,U.S. , | DepartmentofAgriculture,AgricultureHandbook#628,pp.78.#X~X C6(##XXXX~'#{UXX  @ USDA.1990.Davis,F.M.,R.A.Leonard,W.G.Knisel.GLEAMSUserManual,Version1.8.55.USDAARS |   SoutheastWatershedResearchLaboratory,TiftonGA.SEWRL030190FMD. D   USDA.2000.RevisedUniversalSoilLossEquation(RUSLE)EPAPesticideProject.U.S.Departmentof $  Agriculture,NationalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)andAgriculturalResearchService(ARS).   C {U#X~X CW)#C XX~#{U CO+#C {U#X~X C+##XXXX~+#{UXX#XX{U;,# h-(/ Ї CALIFORNIACOTTON(Southern)     ThefieldusedtorepresentcottonproductioninCaliforniaislocatedinFresnoCountyin  theCentralValley,althoughcottonproductionoccursthroughouttheCentralValley.According  tothe1997CensusofAgriculture,CaliforniaisthemajorproducerofcottonintheU.S.Cotton p isgenerallygrownonthealluvialfansandbasinrimsbybothdryandwetseededmethods.Row `  spacingandplantingdepthsareconsistentwithothercottongrowingregionsoftheU.S.Both P  standard(30inch)andultranarrow(20inch)rowspacingareused.Irrigationismostlyby @  flooding.ThesoilselectedtosimulatethefieldisaTwisselmanclay.Twisselmanclayisafine, 0  mixed,calcareous,thermicTypicTorriorthents.Thesesoilsareoftenusedforcottonproduction  p  underirrigation.Twisselmanclayisadeep,welldrained,slowtomediumrunoff,slowly `  permeable(veryslowinsalinealkaliphases)soilthatformedinalluviummainlyfrom P  sedimentaryrocksources.Thesesoilaregenerallyfoundonalluvialfansandbasinrimsat @  elevationsof200to1,000feetabovemeansealevelandhaveslopesof0to5percent.Thesoilis 0  ofmoderateextent.TwisselmanclayisaHydrologicGroupCsoil.   {UXX* d dd  td td e(#e(#,Sd ,td , td +  7AAA4"@@ {7 Table1. PRZM3.12ClimateandTimeParametersforFresnoCounty,CaliforniaCotton 8   \3A4G/  { AAA4 q\T4Parameter A334,!P3A4 AValue A33A4,!P"334 ASource S3AD,P" q 33A4 qSStartingDate )33P3A )  January1,1948 833A4#!P 33 85MeteorologicalFileSouthern:Bakersfield,CA P (W23155) J3A;#h q 33A4 qJEndingDate )33h3A )  December31,1983 833A4#!h 33 8MeteorologicalFileSouthern:Bakersfield,CA h (W23155)#XX{U2#{UXX J3A;#0 q 33A4 qJPanEvaporationFactor   (PFAC) J33;H!3A ffffff?0.7ffffff?J  0.7 " 8  X33A4CAH#  ffffff?0.7 ffffff?33 X9PRZMManualFigure5.1(EPA,1998) J3A;#$ q 33A4 qJSnowmeltFactor % (SFAC) )33` &3A )  0.5cmC1 ' 3:  833A4#!` ( 33 8u:PRZMManualTable5.1(EPA,1998) J3A;#) q 33A4 ZJMinimumDepthof !* Evaporation(ANETD) )33x"+3A )  17.0cm !, ;  833A4#!x"- 33 8;PRZMManualFigure5.2(EPA,1998) E3AAA2#!. Z 33A4 E#XX{U7#{UXX6,*#/ 0   3AAA 6  % 0 & #  *3 ddSd Std  td e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  *4 * Table2. PRZM3.12ErosionandLandscapeParametersforFresnoCounty,CaliforniaCotton#XX{U<#{UXX ;4&d4 ;Parameter A4,!p"4 AValue A4,!p"4 ASource#XX{U>#{UXX 6,!p"4 6MethodtoCalculate  Erosion(ERFLAG) ' '4(MUSS) 24" 2PRZMManual(EPA,1998) 6,!"4 6USLEKFactor  @  (USLEK) '   '0.21tonsEI1*#XX{U?#{UXX 24 @ " 2#XX{UA#{UXXPRZMInputCollator(Burns,1992)#XX{UB#{UXXԀandFARMManual(C {UEPA,  @  1985)#{U CB##XX{UzB#{UXX -#!  "4 -USLELSFactor  l (USLELS) @6  4 {Gz?0.02{Gz?@0.02#XX{U/C#{UXX S4>3 l" {Gz?0.02 {Gz? S#XX{U D#{UXXHaanandBarfield,1979#XX{UD#{UXX -#! l"4 -USLEPFactor @  (USLEP) ?5 X  ?1.0??1.0#XX{UD#{UXX R4=2@ " ?1.0 ? R#XX{UE#{UXXPRZMManual(EPA,1998)#XX{UiF#{UXX -#!@ "4 -FieldArea d  (AFIELD)  ,|  172ha 24d " 2#XX{UF#{UXXAreaofShipmanReservoirwatershed(EPA,1999) -#!d "4 -NRCSHyetograph   (IREG) =3 P  ?1?=1 P4;0 "  ?1 ? PPRZMManualFigure5.12(EPA,1998) -#! "4 -Slope(SLP)   2.5% 24" 2Midpointofsoilseriesrange(EPA,2001) -#! "4 -HydraulicLength(HL)  X! 600m 24X"" 2ShipmanReservoir(EPA,1999) -#!X#"4 -IrrigationFlag d$ (IRFLAG)  ,|% 2(cropping d& periodonly) 24,|'" 2#XX{UG#{UXXBasedonrecommendationsfromfarmadvisorsforgeneral d( floodingforcropirrigation -#!,|)"4 -IrrigationType * (IRTYP)  P+ 1(Flood) 24," 2#XX{UfK#{UXXBasedonrecommendationsfromfarmadvisorsforgeneral - floodingforcropirrigation#XX{UL#{UXX -#!P."4 -LeachingFactor / (FLEACH) ?5 t0 ?0.1??0.1 R4=21" ?0.1 ? R#XX{UkM#{UXXEstimated -#!2"4 -FractionofWater  3 Capacitywhen 4 IrrigationisApplied `5 (PCDEPL) @6 ( x6 ?0.55?@0.55 S4>3 7" ?0.55 ? S#XX{UN#{UXXBasedonrecommendationsfromfarmadvisorsforgeneral  8 floodingforcropirrigation#XX{U#P#{UXX -#!9"4 -MaximumRateat !: whichIrrigationis L"; Applied(RATEAP)  #d< 0.4cmhr1 24!=" 2#XX{UP#{UXXPRZMManual,Table5.33(EPA,1998) 1'!!>"4 1*EI=100fttons*in/acre*hrp$?       0&!@   '"=& \)  *!3"dddd dd dd 3 e(#e(#,4dd ,edd ,<dd +  *4xx * Table3 .PRZM3.12CropParametersforFresnoCounty,CaliforniaCotton#XX{UQ#{UXX ;4&,4 ;Parameter A4,!8"4 AValue A4,!8"4 ASource#XX{UT#{UXX 6,!8"4 6InitialCrop(INICRP) F<  ?1?F1 P4;0"  ?1 ? P#XX{UU#{UXXSettooneforallcrops(EPA,2001) -#!"4 -InitialSurfaceCondition  @  (ISCOND) =3     ?1?=1 P4;0 @ "  ?1 ? P#XX{UV#{UXXKerryArrouesUSDA-NRCS#XX{UX#{UXX -#! @ "4 -NumberofDifferentCrops  d  (NDC) =3  ,  ?1?=1 P4;0 d"  ?1 ? P#XX{UxX#{UXXSettocropsinsimulationgenerallyone -#! d"4 -NumberofCropping 8  Periods P  (NCPDS) >4    B@36B@>36 Q4<18 "  B@36 B@ Q#XX{UY#{UXXSettoweatherdata.MeteorologicalFileBakersfield, 8  CA(W23155)#XX{U[#{UXX -#!P "4 -Maximumrainfall $t  interceptionstorageofcrop <  (CINTCP) ?5  ?0.2??0.2 R4=2$t " ?0.2 ? RPIC;confirmedusingTable5.4fromPRZMManual $t  (Burns,1992and#XX{U[#{UXXԀEPA,1985) -#!< "4 -MaximumActiveRoot ` Depth(AMXDR)  ( 65cm 24`" 2#XX{Uk]#{UXXKerryArrouesUSDA-NRCS#XX{Uo^#{UXX -#!` "4 -MaximumCanopy 4! Coverage(COVMAX) ?5 L" Y@100Y@?100 R4=24#" Y@100 Y@ R#XX{U^#{UXXKerryArrouesUSDA-NRCS#XX{U`#{UXX -#!4$"4 -SoilSurfaceCondition X% AfterHarvest(ICNAH) =3  p&  @3@=3 P4;0X'"  @3 @ P#XX{UZ`#{UXXKerryArrouesUSDA-NRCS#XX{Ua#{UXX -#!X("4 -DateofCropEmergence |) (EMD,EMM,IYREM) A7 D* @37015@A05/05 T4?4|+" @37015 @ T#XX{Ua#{UXXUsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.Field |, Crops#XX{U7c#{UXXԀ(C {U#X~X Cc#&%XX~USDA,1984)#&d%%&c##XX%&d(d#{UXX -#!D-"4 -DateofCropMaturity  . (MAD,MAM,IYRMAT) A7 /  @36950 @A03/01 T4?4 0"  @36950  @ T#XX{Ud#{UXXUsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.Field  1 #XX{Ue#{UXXCrops#XX{Uff#{UXXԀ(C {U#X~X Cf#&%XX~USDA,1984)#&d%%&f##XX%&dg#{UXX -#!2"4 -DateofCropHarvest L3 (HAD,HAM,IYRHAR) A7 4 *@37205*@A11/11 T4?4L5" *@37205 *@ T#XX{Ug#{UXXUsualPlantingandHarvestingDatesforU.S.Field L6 Crops#XX{Uh#{UXXԀ(C {U#X~X CRi#&%XX~USDA,1984)#&d%%&si##XX%&di#{UXX -#!7"4 -MaximumDryWeight  numbers. -#!($x?"4 -ManningsNValue % @ (MNGN) A7 L&!A Zd;O?0.023Zd;O?A0.023 T4?4% B" Zd;O?0.023 Zd;O? T#XX{U>l#{UXXRUSLEProject;C23CTCTC;Cotton,conventional % C tillage,Fresno#XX{Um#{UXXԀ(USDA,2000) -#!L&!D"4 -USLECFactor(USLEC)  '"E 0.540.412 24'"F" 2#XX{UUn#{UXXRUSLEProject;C23CTCTC;Cotton,conventional '"G tillage,Fresno,#XX{UBo#{UXXVariablewithdate#XX{Uo#{UXX(USDA,2000) 1'!p(#H"4 1)%I     #XX{U,p#'\)R -l(L *#$ dd4dd 4edd e<dd <!3"e(#e(#,d , td , td +  @AAA4+ j@ Table4. PRZM3.12TwisselmanSoilParametersforFresnoCounty,CaliforniaCotton \3A4G/X j AAA4 I\Parameter A334,!"3A4 AValue A33A4,!"334 AVerificationSource @ S3AD," I 33A4 ISTotalSoilDepth(CORED) ;33,!83A ;100cm E33AA40!8"33 ENRCS,NationalSoilsCharacterization 8 Database(NRCS,2001)   b3AAQ=h  "3dd I 33AA4 ybNumberofHorizons L   (NHORIZ) =33A,! \ 3AA =3(Tophorizonsplitintwo) E33AA40!L  "33A E U3AAB&  0 y 33AA4 IUFirst,Second,andThirdSoilHorizons(HORIZN=1,2,3) Y3AJ/  " I 3AA IYHorizonThickness   (THKNS) >33/! 3A >10cm(HORIZN=1)   26cm(HORIZN=2)   64cm(HORIZN=3) E33AA40!L "33 ENRCS,NationalSoilsCharacterization   Database(NRCS,2001)   4%A&O  5  http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/ssl/)6hx&O|xX  7l"x L  EdRussell(USDA-NRCS,Fresno) d3AU= "3 I 33AA4 IdBulkDensity(BD) ;33,! 3A ;1.45gcm3(HORIZN=1)   1.5gcm3(HORIZN=2) T  1.6gcm3(HORIZN=3) E33A40!d "33 E H3A9& \  I 33A4 HInitialWaterContent \  (THETO) ;33,!l3A ;0.36cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1,2) \  0.317cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=3) E33A40!l"33 E H3A9!$  33A4 IHCompartmentThickness d  (DPN) ;33,!$t!3A ;0.1cm(HORIZN=1) d" 6.5cm(HORIZN=2) $t# 16cm(HORIZN=3) E33A40!4$"33 E H3A9&,$ I 33A4 HFieldCapacity(THEFC) ;33,!,|%3A ;0.36cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1,2) ,|& 0.317cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=3) E33A40!<'"33 E H3A9!' 33A4 IHWiltingPoint(THEWP) ;33,!4(3A ;0.22cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=1,2) 4) 0.197cm3H2Ocm3soil(HORIZN=3) E33A40!D*"33 E K3AA:&* I 33A4 yKOrganicCarbonContent <+ (OC) =33A,!L,3AA =0.29%(HORIZN=1,2) <- 0.174%(HORIZN=3) E33AA40!L."33A E6,*. 0 y 33AA4 6{UXXC {UBurns.1992.Burns,L.A.,(Coordinator),B.W.Allen,Jr.,M.C.Barber,S.L.Bird,J.M.Cheplick,M.J.Fendley,D.R. / Hartel,C.A.Kittner,F.L.Mayer,Jr.,L.A.Suarez,andS.E.Wooten. P esticideand I ndustrialChemical R isk x0  Analysisand H azard A ssessment,Version3.0.(PIRANHA)EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearch >1 andDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA.1992.  T2 #{U C##XX{U#{UXXC {UEPA.1985.FieldAgriculturalRunoffMonitoring(FARM)Manual,(EPA/600/385/043)EnvironmentalResearch !4 Laboratory,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,GA. T"5 #{U C##XX{U#{UXXEPA.1998.Carsel,R.F.,J.C.Imhoff,P.R.Hummel,J.M.Cheplick,andA.S.Donigian,Jr.PRZM3,AModelfor #07 PredictingPesticideandNitrogenFateintheCropRootandUnsaturatedSoilZones:UsersManualforRelease3.0. $8 NationalExposureResearchLaboratory,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtection p% 9 Agency,Athens,GA. 8&!: EPA.1999.Jones,R.D.,J.Breithaupt,J.Carleton,L.Libelo,J.Lin,R.Matzner,andR.Parker.GuidanceforUseof '#< theIndexReservoirinDrinkingWaterExposureAssessments.EnvironmentalFateand