|
The mission of EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) is to protect
human health and the environment from unreasonable adverse effects resulting
from the use of pesticides. OPP's mission also assures a reasonable certainty
of no harm from pesticides in the diet of all Americans, especially children.
OPP regulates the use of pesticides under the authority of two major federal
statutes: the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), both significantly
amended by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA). Under FIFRA,
EPA has the authority to register (license) the use(s) of a pesticide
and suspend or cancel the use(s) of a pesticide if its use would pose
unreasonable risks. Under FFDCA, the Agency is responsible for setting
tolerances (maximum permissible residue levels) for any pesticide used
on food or animal feed. With the passage of FQPA, the Agency is required
to establish a single, health-based standard for pesticides used on food
crops and to determine if tolerances are safe for children. The process by which OPP examines the ingredients of a pesticide to determine
if they are safe is called the registration process. The program evaluates
the pesticide to ensure that it will not have any adverse effects on humans,
the environment, and nontarget species. Applicants seeking pesticide registration
are required to submit a wide range of data on health and ecological effects,
environmental fate, and product and residue chemistry. A pesticide product
cannot be legally used in the United States if it has not been registered
by EPA unless it is specifically exempted from regulation under FIFRA.
If emergency conditions exist, EPA may allow use of an unregistered pesticide
under an emergency exemption or a state may declare a crisis exemption,
which allows the unregistered use for 15 days. EPA confers with the state
and performs a cursory review of the use at this time.
Through a process called reregistration, OPP is reviewing older pesticides-registered
before 1984-to ensure that they meet current, more stringent health and
environmental standards. After reviewing a pesticide for reregistration,
OPP issues a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document
or an Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision (IRED) document
detailing whether the pesticide can remain on the market or if changes
in label instructions must be made in order to reduce risks to consumers.
During reregistration, OPP also reassesses tolerances as required by FQPA
to ensure that they meet current safety standards and issues Reports
on FQPA Tolerance Reassessment Progress and Interim Risk Management Decisions
(Tolerance Reassessment Eligibility Documents [TREDs]). To date, OPP has
reassessed almost 4,000 of the 9,721 tolerances requiring reassessment.
TOP
Pesticide products contain both "active" and "inert"
ingredients. An active ingredient is one that prevents, destroys, repels,
or mitigates a pest, or is a plant regulator, defoliant, desiccant, or
nitrogen stabilizer. By law, the active ingredient must be identified
by name on the label, together with its percentage by weight. An inert
ingredient is simply any ingredient in the product that is not intended
to affect a target pest (e.g., a solvent). Highlights of pesticide products
registered in FY 2001 include:
Methyl Bromide Alternatives
Two new products (InLine® and Telone EC®) containing the active
ingredient 1,3-dichloropropene (Telone®) as a pre-plant soil fumigant
allow drip application to tarped soil, primarily for use on strawberries
and tomatoes.
Terramaster®, a terrazole-containing product for use as a soil sterilant
for tobacco crops, allows tobacco transplants to be grown in a float-bed
system.
Foot and Mouth Disease Antimicrobial
Oxonia Active to disinfect hard, nonporous inanimate surfaces in livestock
facilities and animal quarters, and on equipment against the potential spread
of the Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus.
Organophosphate (OP) Alternative
Thiamethoxam as an insecticide on seeds of barley, canola, cotton, sorghum,
and wheat.
New Reduced-Risk Pesticides
- Fluazinam as a fungicide on potatoes and peanuts.
- Mesotrione as an herbicide on field corn.
- Zoxamide as a fungicide on grapes.
- Novaluron as an insecticide on ornamentals (indoor, nonfood).
Insecticide Products Packaging Reexamined to Protect Children In FY 2001, OPP began reviewing conventional insecticide products labeled
for residential use to determine whether the containers meet today's Child
Resistant Packaging (CRP) requirements. The Agency identified and required
registrants of more than 160 products to make the necessary changes (e.g., changing container
size, adding a child resistant cap, or deleting residential uses) to protect
children.
USDA Meritorious Award Presented to
OPP's Registration Division
USDA Interregional Project #4 (IR-4) awarded OPP's Registration Division
the Meritorious Service Award in recognition of the most productive year
in the 30-year history of cooperation between OPP and IR-4. OPP's partnership
with IR-4 over the last few years has resulted in many conventional, "reduced-risk,"
alternatives to OP and carbamate pesticides' becoming available to minor
use crop growers.
OPP's FY 2002 workplan for reviewing applications and making decisions
on conventional pesticides can be accessed online at www.epa.gov/opprd001/workplan.
TOP
12 - Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients
(includes 1 organophosphate alternative and 4 reduced-risk pesticides):
Chemical/Use
- Picaridin/Insect Repellent
- Thiamethoxam/Barley (seed), Canola (seed), Cotton (seed), Sorghum
(seed), Wheat (seed)
- Chlorfenapyr/Ornamentals (greenhouse)
- Ethametsulfuron Methyl/Canola, Crambe, Rapeseed
- Zoxamide/Potatoes, Grapes
- Flumioxazin/Soybeans (seed), Peanuts
- Mesotrione/Field Corn
- Tepraloxydim/Canola, Cotton, Soybeans
- Fluazinam/Peanuts, Potatoes
- Etofenprox/Crack and Crevice
- Bispyribac-Sodium/Rice
- Novaluron/Ornamentals (indoor, nonfood)
7 - Biopesticides:
Chemical/Use
-
Coniothyrium minitans/Sclerotinia in soils
-
Cry1F in corn/European corn borer
-
4-(or 5-) Chloro-2-methylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid,
1,1-dimethyl ester/Medfly pheromone
-
(Z)-11-Hexdecenyl Acetate/Diamondback moth
-
Silver Nitrate/Prolongs life of cut flowers
-
4-allyanisole/Southern pine beetle
-
Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain 63-28/Common fungal
pests
1- Antimicrobial:
Chemical/Use
-
Oxonia Active/Disinfectant (hard, nonporous inanimate surfaces
in lifestock facilities)
TOP
- 248 New Uses of Conventional Pesticides (includes 77 reduced-risk
pesticide uses, 69 OP alternative uses, 3 methyl bromide alternative
uses, 99 IR-4 minor uses)
- 9 New Uses of Antimicrobials
80 Other (Inert) Ingredients in Pesticide Products Approved
542 Emergency Exemptions Granted
(In addition, 33 tolerances were established for emergency
exemptions)
1,726 Antimicrobials Registration Decisions
OPP met the FQPA-mandated deadlines for reviewing antimicrobials for
public health use:
- 180 Old Chemicals (89 fast-track and 91 nonfast-track)
- 1,013 Amendments (890 fast-track and 123 nonfast-track)
- 533 Notifications
TOP
Pesticide Reregistration Completed Reregistration Eligibility Decision (REDs) documents for three
pesticide active ingredients: benomyl, propargite, and ethion (an OP).
Issued Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) for six organophosphate
pesticides: acephate, chlorpyrifos, ethoprop, methidathion, pirimiphos-methyl,
and terbufos. Organophosphates (OPs) are potentially the most toxic pesticides
and are in FQPA Priority Group 1- the first group of pesticides to be
reviewed.
Made reregistration decisions on 856 pesticide products, exceeding goal
of 750 decisions: 63 product labels were amended, 613 products were canceled
(includes 387 chlorpyrifos products), and other types of reregistration
actions were taken for 180 additional products. (One pesticide active
ingredient may be used in 10 or more pesticide products, thus requiring
reregistraton decisions for all products after a RED has been completed
for the active ingredient.)
Status of Pesticide Reregistration
- 231 Pesticides Canceled
- 201 REDs Completed
- REDs to be Completed
Tolerance Reassessment Issued 5 Reports on FQPA Tolerance Reassessment Progress and Interim
Risk Management Decisions (TREDs): butylate (thiocarbamate), chlorpyrifos-methyl
(OP), oxadixyl, phosalone (OP), and trichlorfon (OP).
Completed tolerance reassessment decisions for 5 pesticides, bringing
the total of tolerances reassessed up to 3,832. This represents 39 percent
of the 9,721 tolerances that require reassessment by 2006. Over 63 percent
of these decisions were for pesticides in FQPA Priority Group 1.
Review of Organophosphate (OP) Pesticides
Completed individual decisions for 25 OPs.
Continued to develop scientific methods and the components of a cumulative
risk assessment for the OPs. Cumulative risk assessment combines exposure
(the amount of a pesticide to which an individual is exposed) and hazard
(the potential health effects of a pesticide) from all substances that
share a common pathway of toxicity.
Issued the science policy on Cumulative Hazard and Dose-Response Assessment
for Organophosphorus Pesticides in August 2001.
www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Reassessment
Completed comprehensive reassessment of conditionally registered, genetically
engineered Bt corn, cotton, and potato products. Solicited scientific
peer review and public comment on the draft reassessment.
Held a public briefing to present the final reassessment and potential
regulatory options for conditionally registered Bt products.
Sought and made available to the public data on the potential effects
of Bt corn on monarch butterflies. The data that were analyzed showed
"no significant risk" to monarch butterflies from the use of
Bt corn.
Made provisions to strengthen insect resistance management, increase
grower awareness and compliance, and continue Bt research.
Required registrants to conduct monitoring of potential impacts from
the continued use of the products.
Required registrants to educate growers about their responsibilities
in planting and harvesting plant-incorporated protectants.
www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides
TOP
Test Methods for Public Health Pesticides Developed guidance for Agency scientists to use while reviewing new protocols
for testing the efficacy of pesticides.
Eliminated phenol-resistance tests for disinfectants and pesticides used
as sanitizers because it was difficult to maintain and propagate test
cultures to obtain consistent results.
New Tools for Estimating Ecological
Risks
Developed preliminary terrestrial and aquatic probabilistic models which
estimate the magnitude, probability, and certainty of ecological risk.
These models were strongly supported by the Scientific Advisory Panel
(SAP) and well received by the international community. They are currently
being revised based on internal and peer review comments.
Developed a case study for refining risk assessments which was peer reviewed
and strongly supported by the SAP.
Sponsored a workshop on refining the risk assessment of the pesticide
atrazine, where the registrant's risk assessment was analyzed.
Provided training on refining risk assessments to scientists and risk
managers making decisions.
TOP
Searchable database for FIFRA Section 18 Emergency Exemptions:
www.epa.gov/opprd001/section18
Searchable database for Food and Feed Commodity Vocabulary:
www.epa.gov/pesticides/foodfeed
"Test Your Knowledge" on the kids' Web site:
www.epa.gov/opptintr/kids/hometour
Tolerance Reassessment page that tracks actions and offers reports:
www.epa.gov/pesticides/tolerance
Pesticide Product Label System (PPLS) database index:
www.epa.gov/pesticides/pestlabels
Pesticide Analytical Methods and Procedures:
www.epa.gov/oppbead1/methods
Pesticide Product Information System (PPIS) (updated):
www.epa.gov/opppmsd1/PPISdata/index.html
Public-Private Partnerships for Reducing Pesticide Risk Web site:
www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/partnerships
Integrated Pest Management:
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/grants/
Models for estimating pesticides in ground and surface waters, with spray
drift scenarios:
www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm
TOP
1/01 - PR
Notice 2001-1 - First Aid Statements on Pesticide Product Labels.
1/01- PR
Notice 2001-2 - Acute Toxicity Data Requirements for Granular Pesticide
Products, Including Those with Granular Fertilizers in the Product.
1/01- PR
Notice 2001-3 - Insect Repellents: Labeling Restrictions for Use on
Infants and Children and Restrictions on Food Fragrances and Colors.
1/01- Draft
PR Notice for public comment - Describes how to label pesticide products
for National Organic Program.
6/01- PR
Notice 2001-4 - Elimination of Phenol Resistance Testing for Antimicrobial
Disinfectant and Sanitizer Pesticides.
8/01- PR
Notice 2001-5 - Provides guidance for Pesticide Registrants on Pesticide
Resistance Management Labeling.
8/01 - Draft
PR Notice for public comment - Spray and Dust Drift Label Statements
for Pesticide Products.
9/01 - PR
Notice 2001-6 - Disposal Instructions on Residential/Household Use
Products.
10/01 - Draft
PR Notice for public comment - Pesticide Registration (PR) Notice
and Standard Operating Procedure for Submitting, Processing, and Reviewing
Requests for Threshold of Regulation .
7/01 - Regulating Plant-Incorporated Protectants
In FY 2001, OPP received positive reactions from individuals who are
participating in the ongoing electronic data submission and review pilot
programs. We encourage all registrants to submit studies electronically
in Portable Document Format (PDF) since electronic review is both efficient
and effective.
www.epa.gov/oppfead1/edsgoals.htm
In FY 2001, international video teleconferencing capability
was added, reducing travel expenses and allowing more staff to participate
in meetings with other countries. The first international teleconference
was with India.
Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP)
www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/partnerships Under PESP partnership, provided funding for the National Council of
Farmer Cooperatives to explore how farmer cooperatives can play a greater
role in developing, promoting, and marketing biopesticides and other "reduced-risk"
pesticide alternatives in the best interest of their members. For example,
the National Grape Cooperative and a registrant held field trials and
a grower field day to demonstrate how to use the harpin protein product,
Messenger®, and how to increase crop yields. This product uses natural
defense mechanisms against a broad spectrum of viral, fungal, and bacterial
diseases,
With the American Farmland Trust, provided funding to pear growers in
Washington's Yakima Valley who experimented with pheromones to disrupt
the mating and reproduction of codling moths. Between 1997 and 2001, the
growers' use of pheromones reduced their organophosphate use by over 30
percent (an average savings of $22/acre) and increased the effectiveness
of pest control as well as the quality and quantity of their pears.
Provided funding to PESP partner Lodi-Woodbridge Wine Grape Commission,
which developed and is implementing the Lodi Wine Growers Workbook:
A self-assessment of integrated farming practices (IFP). The workbook
addresses pest management practices, including, monitoring and using economic
thresholds, selecting pesticides, determining alternatives to pesticide
use, calibrating sprayers, ensuring worker safety, and properly storing
pesticides.
The Commission is distributing the workbook in small workshops of 5-10
growers at a time. Growers can use the workbook as a tool to develop their
own action plan, and the workbook also provides a baseline measure of
the integrated farming practices adopted for measuring future progress.
IR-4/Cal-DPR/EPA Workshare
A partnership funded by EPA, IR-4, and the California Department of Pesticide
Regulation (Cal-DPR) resulted in establishing tolerances for 51 new uses
of pesticides for minor use crops. With crop-group tolerances, this will
allow for the registration of approximately 200 crop uses. In this workshare
project, Cal-DPR reviews IR-4 residue data, and EPA ultimately establishes
tolerances measuring future progress.
Partners to Divert StarLink Corn from the Food Supply
Worked with food industry and federal partners (USDA, FDA, and CDC) to
identify and divert from the food supply trace amounts of StarLink corn,
the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn product that was registered
for animal feed and industrial uses but not for human consumption (a limited
registration). Efforts coordinated to address the StarLink issue included
the following:
Canceled StarLink registration at the registrant's request.
Announced that the Agency would no longer grant limited registrations
for plant-incorporated protectants as was done for StarLink.
Determined that there was not enough scientific evidence to
justify granting a limited tolerance for the remaining traces of StarLink
corn in the food supply.
Required extensive testing of corn grain for the presence of
StarLink.
Held two Scientific Advisory Panel meetings to review the scientific
assessments on exposure and allergenic potential of the protein Cry9C.
Investigated reports of allergic reactions to corn products.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was able to determine that
food containing StarLink corn did not cause any allergic reaction in people
who reported having reactions after consuming corn products. The Agency
believes the risks of allergenicity, if any, are extremely low.
Conducted a thorough analysis of the wet milling process of StarLink
corn, enabling the Agency to conclude that there is virtually no detectable
presence of any protein in corn products produced by wet milling.
Partners in Assessing Pesticide Use
www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides
Engaged stakeholders in assessing actual use and potential benefits of
more than 40 uses of two important organophosphate (OP) pesticides undergoing
reregistration.
Communicated regularly with crop experts and groups concerned about
pesticide use to gain more understanding of crop practices, pests, and
pest control options. Stakeholders were encouraged to review and comment
on the draft benefits assessments which were posted on OPP's Web site
at www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative.
Consumer Labeling Initiative (CLI)
www.epa.gov/oppt/labeling.htm
Continued to implement the CLI's "Read the Label First" consumer
education campaign with regional, tribal, state, and local pesticide regulators
and educators:
Distributed over 55,000 promotional items with the EPA logo
and phone number for the National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC),
formerly the National Pesticides Telecommunications Network (NPTN), to
consumers and pesticide applicators across the country.
Displayed CLI exhibit at eight national level events.
Included the "Read the Label First" logo in a truck
ad campaign.
Published the poster, "Use These Products Safely."
Provided a grant to the National Safety Council for further
outreach efforts.
Pesticide Regulatory Education Program Sponsored, with OECA, five training programs for state regulatory officials
to promote better understanding of pesticide issues.
Pesticide Handlers and Worker Protection
www.epa.gov/oppfead1/safety
Began a national assessment to evaluate and suggest improvements to pesticide
worker protection activities by conducting workshops attended by stakeholders
including states, EPA regions, and worker advocates.
Held a national Pesticide Applicators Training and Certification Workshop
with Texas extension agents and representatives from Canada and Mexico
to discuss greater coordination of agricultural workers protection efforts
and the development of a core examination for pesticide applicators in
Canada and the United States.
Tribal Partners
Provided funding, for the sixth year, to eligible tribal governments
or inter-tribal consortia that are working on or plan to carry out projects
in support of the development of a pesticide program on tribal lands.
Piloted a project on Native American reservations in Arizona, Washington,
and Idaho, to educate healthcare providers in identifying, treating, and
preventing acute pesticide poisonings.
Partners to Protect the Food Supply from Pesticide
Misuse
EPA reinforced partnerships with other federal, state, and local government
agencies, and pesticide manufacturers to protect the U.S. food supply
from the improper use of the restricted-use pesticide zeta-cypermethrin.
Sold under trade names Fury® and Mustang®, zeta-cypermethrin
was illegally applied to wheat in Mississippi and Arkansas. EPA and FDA
led negotiations with the registrant that resulted in an unprecedented
multimillion-dollar wheat buy-back agreement.
CCA-Treated Wood
www.epa.gov/pesticides/citizens/1file.htm
Reached an agreement with the American Wood Preservers Institute (AWPI)
to increase safety for individuals who handle CCA-treated wood:
Wood preservers volunteered to label CCA-treated wood.
Retailers volunteered to display signs over storage bins containing
such wood and to distribute consumer safety information sheets to buyers
of CCA-treated wood.
EPA and AWPI made available CCA information on Web sites and
publicized toll-free numbers to AWPI and NPIC.
Pilot Drinking Water Monitoring Program with U.
S. Geological Survey (USGS) and USDA Designed a pilot drinking water program to collect surface water monitoring
data at five sites in the United States. Information from the program
will help the Agency better understand how frequently pesticides should
be monitored in drinking water.
Obtained results from OPP-USGS study measuring concentrations of 197
pesticides and their breakdown compounds in drinking water. The results
will be applied to mathematical models used to estimate exposure in pesticide
registration and reregistration.
Worked with USDA to develop 45 standard crop scenarios for use in assessing
pesticide exposures in surface water. These scenarios will make OPP's
water assessments for different pesticides consistent with respect to
the specific crop and the soil in which it is grown.
Working with USGS, OPP completed the pilot reservoir
program which monitored raw and finished water in 12 reservoirs across
the United States. The results of this monitoring study were analyzed
and made public in 2001. The index reservoir scenario was also incorporated
into the Agency's aquatic exposure models to refine drinking water assessments.
USGS and EPA Partner to Protect Endangered Species
Initiated work under an Interagency Agreement for cartographic services
to develop county-level maps aimed at protecting endangered species. Geographic
Information System (GIS) county-level maps depict species habitat where
pesticide use may be limited to protect listed endangered species.
In coordination with USGS, began developing for public use information
bulletins containing county maps, specific steps pesticide users can take
to protect the endangered species, and the specific pesticide uses that
may be limited.
Report on State and Local Partners' Clean Sweep
Programs
Documented state and local programs' successes across the country in
collecting unwanted agricultural pesticides. Over the past 20 years, more
than 24 million pounds of pesticides that otherwise could wind up as pollution
have been collected and properly disposed of or recycled.
A report on these cooperative programs examines success from national,
state, and local perspectives and will be available by March 2002. A description
of each Clean-Sweep program offers information on funding, operations,
costs, and successes.
Building Laboratory Capacity for Testing Antimicrobials
www.epa.gov/oppbead1/methods
Worked to develop the capacity for state laboratories to test the efficacy
of hospital-strength antimicrobial products. Four state laboratories_Ohio,
Michigan, California, and Mississippi_received cooperative agreement funds
from EPA's Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA) to assist
in the Agency's Antimicrobial Post-Registration Testing Program. At EPA's
Environmental Science Center (ESC), OPP hosted three hands-on laboratory
training sessions covering methods for testing the efficacy of these products.
Dental Unit Waterline Treatments
Coordinated efforts with industry, government, and academia
to develop protocols for testing antimicrobial treatments to prevent microorganism
contamination of dental unit waterlines. These units deliver coolant water
for high-speed dental handpieces, air-water syringes, and ultrasonic scalers.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in
Schools
www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/ipm/index.htm
Funded the opening of two pilot IPM in Schools centers_Texas A&M
and Purdue University (encompassing nine states) to help promote the safe
use of pesticides in schools. Staff from the centers visited schools and
provided training in pest management, disseminated information, created
Web sites, and opened toll-free telephone lines to answer questions from
school officials.
Partnered with EPA's Region 9 to initiate an IPM in Tribal Schools pilot
program at several Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) schools on the Navajo
reservation. The long-term goal of this project is to provide reference
materials and assistance to any tribe interested in implementing IPM practices
at a tribal school.
TOP
EPA has10 Regional Offices. Each EPA Regional office is
responsible within its states for the execution of the Agency's programs. 
Global Partners
www.epa.gov/oppfead1/international
Helped negotiate a global convention, signed by more than 90 countries
to date, reducing and/or eliminating production, use, and release of 12
pesticides of global concern and establishing a mechanism by which additional
pesticides may be added in the future.
Worked with the Mexican Government to develop a national "Train-the-Trainer"
educational and outreach program to promote pesticide safety in Mexico.
Strengthened with Canada and Mexico the North American framework for
regulating pesticides, which promotes a stringent standard for protecting
human health and the environment while providing equal access to pest
control tools throughout North America.
Worked with Canada to develop a proposal for updating nontarget plant
toxicity testing requirements. This tiered testing scheme was peer reviewed,
and comments are being incorporated into OPP's proposal.
Joined Canada and Mexico on the first successful trilateral review of
a pesticide application.
Participated in an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Workshop on Pesticide Reviews that explored ways to increase the efficiency
of agricultural pesticide evaluations through improved international cooperation.
Coordinated U.S. participation in achieving final consensus on the Globally
Harmonized System for Chemical Hazard Classification and Labeling, which
promotes safer transportation, handling, and use of chemicals, and reduces
trade barriers.
Subscribe to our automated mailing list to receive Pesticide
Program Updates about pesticide regulatory activities:
www.epa.gov/oppfead1/cb/csb_page/form/form.html
TOP
1. Home, Safe Home - Poster promoting appropriate pest control
and pesticide safety (English and Spanish), September 2001.
2. Socorro! Una Cucaracha! - Spanish translation of children's
cockroach activity book, March 2001.
3. Report on Minor Use Pesticides, May 2001.
4. FY 2000 Annual Report, August 2001.
For general questions on pesticides and pesticide poisoning prevention,
contact the National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC), formerly the
National Pesticides Telecommunications Network: Telephone: 1-800-858-7378,
E-mail: npic@ace.orst.edu, Web
site: http://npic.orst.edu/
|
![[logo] US EPA](http://www.epa.gov/epafiles/images/logo_epaseal.gif){kind=logo}
