Exclamation Mark

Hazard Category

Criteria

Hazard Communication Elements

Acute toxicity

4

LD₅₀ between 300 and less than 2000 mg/kg
bodyweight (oral)

LD₅₀ between 1000 and less than 2000 mg/kg
bodyweight (skin/dermal)

LC₅₀ between 2500 and less than 5000 ppm (gas)

LC₅₀ between 10.0 and less than 20.0 (mg/l) (vapour)

LC₅₀ between 1.0 and less than 5.0 (mg/l)
(dust, mist)

Symbol

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statement

Harmful if
swallowed (oral)

Harmful in contact with skin(dermal)

Harmful if inhaled (gas, vapour, dust, mist)

Skin
Corrosion/
Irritation

2

1. For substances and tested mixtures

• Human experience or data showing reversible damage to the skin following exposure of up to 4 hours;
• Structure/activity or structure property relationship to a substance or mixture already classified as an irritant;
• Positive results in a valid and accepted in vitro skin irritation test; or
• Animal experience or test data that indicate that the substance/mixture causes reversible damage to the skin following exposure of up to 4 hours, mean value of ≥ 2.3 < 4.0 for erythema/eschar or for oedema, or inflammation that persists to the end of the observation period, in 2 of 3 tested animals (Table 3.2.2).

2. If data for a mixture are not available, use bridging principles in 3.2.3.2.

3. If bridging principles do not apply, classify as an irritant if:

(a) For mixtures where substances can be added: the sum of concentrations of corrosive substances in the mixture is ≥ 1% but ≤5%; the sum of the concentrations of irritant substances is > 10%; or the sum of (10 × the concentrations of corrosive ingredients) + (the concentrations of irritant ingredients) is ≥ 10%; or (b) For mixtures where substances cannot be added:≥ 3% (see 3.2.3.3.4).

Symbol

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statement

Causes skin irritation

Serious eye damage/eye irritation

2A

1. For substances and tested mixtures

• Classification as severe skin irritant;
• Human experience or data showing production of changes in the eye which are fully reversible within 21 days;
• Structure/activity or structure property relationship to a substance or mixture already classified as an eye irritant;
• Positive results in a valid and accepted in vitro eye irritation test; or
• Animal experience or test data that indicate that the substance/mixture produces a positive response in at least 2 of 3 tested animals of: corneal opacity ≥ 1, iritis ≥ 1, or conjunctival edema (chemosis) ≥ 2 (Table 3.3.2).

2. If data for a mixture are not available, use bridging principles in 3.3.3.2.

3. If bridging does not apply, classify as an irritant (2A) if:

(a) For mixtures where substances can be added: the sum of the concentrations of skin and/or eye Category 1 substances in the mixture is ≥ 1% but ≤ 3%; the sum of the concentrations of eye irritant substances is ≥ 10%; or the sum of (10 × the concentrations of skin and/or eye category 1 substances) + (the concentrations of eye irritants) is ≥ 10%; (b) For mixtures where substances cannot be added: the sum of the concentrations of eye irritant ingredients is 3% (see 3.3.3.3.4).

Symbol

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statement

Causes Serious Eye Irritation

Skin sensitizer

1

1. For substances and tested mixtures

• If there is evidence in humans that the individual substance can induce sensitization by skin contact in a substantial number of persons, or

• Where there are positive results from an appropriate animal test.

2. If the mixture meets the criteria set forth in the “Bridging Principles” through one of the following:

(a) Dilution;
(b) Batching;
(c) Substantially similar mixture.

3. If bridging principles do not apply, classify if any
individual skin sensitizer in the mixture has a
concentration of: ≥ 1.0% Solid/Liquid/Gas

Symbol

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statement

May cause allergic skin reaction