Appendix G
Literature Cited
Alcaraz, M., G.A. Paffenhofer, and J.R. Strickler. 1980. Catching the
algae: A first account of visual observations on filter-feeding
calanoids. Pages 241-248 In ASLO Special Symposium 3: The evolution
and ecology of zooplankton communities. University Press of New
England, Hanover, NH.
APHA. 1992. Standard methods for the examination of water and
wastewater. 16th ed. American Public Health Association,
Washington, DC.
ASTM. 1990. Standard guide for collection, storage,
characterization, and manipulation of sediments for toxicological
testing. ASTM Designation E 1391 - 90. American Society of Testing
and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
——. 1998 (draft). Standard test methods for measuring
the toxicity of sediment-associated contaminants with fresh water
invertebrates. ASTM Designation E 1706 - 95b. American Society of
Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bahls, L. 1993. Periphyton bioassessment methods for Montana
streams. Montana Water Quality Bureau, Department of Health and
Environmental Science, Helena, MT.
Baker, J.P. and S.W. Christensen. 1991.Effects of acidification on
biological communities in aquatic ecosystems. Pages 83-106 In D.F.
Charles, ed. Acidic deposition and aquatic ecosystems: Regional
case studies. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
Barbour, M.T. and J. Gerritsen. 1996. Subsampling of benthic samples:
A defense of the fixed-count method. Journal of the North American
Benthological Society 15(3):386-391.
Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, G.O. Griffith, R. Frydenborg, E.
McCarron, J.S. White, and M.L. Bastian. 1996a. A framework for
biological criteria for Florida streams using benthic
macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological
Society 15:185-211.
Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, and J.S. White. 1996b. Development of
the Stream Condition Index (SCI) for Florida. Prepared for Florida
Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL.
Barbour, M.T., J.L. Plafkin, B.P. Bradley, C.G. Graves, and R.W.
Wisseman. 1992. Evaluation of EPA’s rapid bioassessment benthic
metrics: Metric redundancy and variability among reference stream
sites. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11:437-449.
Barbour, M.T., J.B. Stribling and J.R. Karr. 1995. Multimetric
approach for establishing biocriteria and measuring biological
condition. Pages 63-77 In W.S. Davis and T.P. Simon, eds.
Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for water resource
planning and decision making. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
Barbour, M.T. and S. Thornley. 1990. Quality assurance issues related
to field assessment of aquatic ecosystems. Pages 167-183 In D. Hart,
ed. Proceedings of the Third Annual Ecological Quality Assurance
Workshop. Burlington, Ontario.
Barko, J.W., H.L. Eakin, and D.G. McFarland. 1992.
Interrelationships between macrophyte growth and sediment nutrient
availability. Abstracts, NALMS 12th Annual International
Symposium. North American Lake Management Society, Madison, WI.
Battarbee, R.W. 1973. A new method for the estimation of absolute
microfossil numbers, with reference especially to diatoms.
Limnology and Oceanography 18:647-653.
Birks, H.J.B., S. Juggins, and J.M. Line. 1990. Lake surface-water
chemistry reconstructions from paleolimnological data. Pages 301-313
In B. J. Mason, ed. The Surface Waters Acidification Programme.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Blalock, H.M., Jr. 1979. Social Statistics. Revised 2nd
edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY.
Brooks, J.L. and S.I. Dodson. 1965. Predation, body size and
composition of plankton. Science 150:28-35.
Camburn, K.E., J.C. Kingston, and D.F. Charles. 1984-1986. PIRLA
Diatom Iconograph. PIRLA unpublished report series, Report no. 3,
Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.
Canfield, D.E., Jr. 1981. Chemical and trophic state
characteristics of Florida lakes in relation to regional geology.
Final report to Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, University
of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Canfield, D.E., Jr., K.A. Langeland, M.J. Maceina, W.T. Haller, J.V.
Shireman, and J.R. Jones. 1983. Trophic state classification of lakes
with aquatic macrophytes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences 40:1713-1718.
Caper, J., G. Power, and F.R. Shivers, Jr. 1983. Chesapeake waters,
pollution, public health and public opinion. Tidewater Publishers,
Centreville, MD.
Carlson, R.E. 1977. A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and
Oceanography 22:361-369.
Carlson, R.E. 1992. Expanding the trophic state concept to identify
non-nutrient limited lakes and reservoirs. Pages 59-71 In Enhancing
the State’s Lake Management Programs: Proceedings of a
conference, Chicago, 1991. North American Lake Management Society,
Madison, WI.
Carlson, R.E. and J. Simpson. 1996. Volunteer Lake Monitoring in
the Upper Mid-west: Programs, Techniques, and Technical
Recommendations. North American Lake Management Society, Madison,
WI.
Carpenter, S.R., J.F. Kitchell, J.R. Hodgson, P.A. Cochran, J.A.
Elser, M.M. Elser, D.M. Lodge, D. Kretchmer, X. He, and C.N. von Ende.
1987. Regulation of lake primary productivity by food web structure.
Ecology 68:1863-1876.
Charles, D.F. and J.P. Smol. 1994. Long-term chemical changes in
lakes: Quantitative inferences using biotic remains in the sediment
record. Advances in Chemistry 237:1-51.
Charles, D.F., J.P. Smol, and D.R. Engstrom. 1994. Paleolimnological
approaches to biological monitoring. Pages 233-293 In L. L. Loeb, and
A. Spacie, eds. Biological monitoring of aquatic systems. CRC
Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Charles, D.F. and D.R. Whitehead. 1986. The PIRLA project:
Paleoecological investigation of recent lake acidification.
Hydrobiologia 143:13-20.
Cochran, W.G. 1963. Sampling Techniques. John Wiley and Sons,
Inc., New York, NY.
Conover, W.J. 1980. Practical Nonparametric Statistics. 2nd
edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY.
Conquest, L.L., S.C. Ralph, and R.J. Naiman. 1994. Implementation of
large-scale stream monitoring efforts: Sampling design and data
analysis issues. Pages 69-90 In L. Loeb and A. Spacie, eds.
Biological Monitoring of Aquatic Systems, Lewis Publishers,
Boca Raton, FL.
Courtemanch, D.L., S.P. Davies, and E.B. Laverty. 1989. Incorporation
of biological information in water quality planning. Environmental
Management 13:35-41.
Crowder, A. and D.S. Painter. 1991. Submerged macrophytes in Lake
Ontario: Current knowledge, importance, threats to stability, and
needed studies. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences 48:1539-1545.
Cumming, B.F., J.P. Smol, J.C. Kingston, D.F. Charles, H.J.B. Birks,
K.E. Camburn, S.S. Dixit, A.J. Uutala, and A.R. Selle. 1992. How much
acidification has occurred in Adirondack regionlakes (New York, USA)
since preindustrial times? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences 49:128-141.
Davic, R.D. and J.E. DeShon. 1989. The Ohio Lake Condition Index: A
new multiparameter approach to lake classification. Lake Research
Management 5:1-8.
Davies, S.P., L.T Somides, D.L. Courtemanch, and F. Drummond. 1993.
Maine biological monitoring and biocriteria development
program. Maine Department of Environmental Protection,
Bureau of Water Quality Control, Division of Environmental
Evaluation and Lake Studies, Augusta, ME.
DeBernardi, R. 1984. Methods for the estimation of zooplankton
abundance. Pages 59-86 In J.A. Downing and F.H. Rigler, eds. A
manual on methods for the assessment of secondary productivity in
fresh waters. 2nd edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications,
Oxford, England.
DeShon, J.E. 1995. Development and application of the Invertebrate
Community Index (ICI). Pages 217-244 In W.S. Davis and T.P. Simon,
eds. Biological Assessment and Criteria. Tools for Water Resource
Planning and Decision Making. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Dillon, P.J. and F.H. Rigler. 1974. The phosphorus-chlorophyll
relationship in lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 19:767-773.
Dillon, P.J., W.A. Scheider. R.A. Reid, and D.S. Jeffries. 1994.
Lakeshore capacity study: Part l-Test of effects of shoreline
development on the trophic status of lakes. Lake Reservation
Management 8(2):121-129.
Dionne, M. and J.R. Karr. 1992. Ecological monitoring of fish
assemblages in Tennessee River reservoirs. Pages 259-281 In D.H.
McKenzie, D.E. Hyatt, and V.J. McDonald, eds. Ecological
indicators. Elsevier, New York, NY.
Dixit, S.S., B.F. Cumming, H.J.B. Birks, J.P. Smol, J.C. Kingston,
A.J. Uutala, D.F. Charles, and K.E. Camburn. 1993. Diatom assemblages
from Adirondack lakes (New York, USA) and the development of inference
models for retrospective environmental assessment. Journal of
Palaeolimnology 8:27-47.
Dixit, S.S., J.P. Smol, J.C. Kingston, and D.F. Charles. 1992.
Diatoms: Powerful indicators of environmental change. Environmental
Science Technology 26:23-33.
Dodson, S.I. 1992. Predicting crustacean zooplankton richness.
Limnology and 0ceanography 37:848-856.
Donigian, A.S., Jr. and W.C. Huber. 1991. Modeling of nonpoint source
water quality in urbanand non-urban areas. EPA 68-03-3513(#29). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA.
Dycus, D.L. and D.L. Meinert. 1992. Reservoir vital signs monitoring -
1991: Summary of vital signs and use impairment monitoring on
Tennessee Valley Reservoirs. TVA/WR—92/8. Water Resources
Division, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN.
——. 1993. Monitoring and evaluation of aquatic resource
health and use suitability in Tennessee Valley Authority reservoirs.
Draft. Water Management. Tennessee Valley Authority,
Chattanooga, TN.
——. 1994. Tennessee Valley reservoir and stream quality
1993 summary of vital signs and use suitability monitoring - Volume 1.
Water Mangement. Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN.
Eakins, J.D. and R.I. Morrison. 1978. A new procedure for the
determination of 210Pb in lake and marine sediments. International
Journal of Radio-Isotopes 29:531-536.
Edmondson, W.T. and J.T. Lehman. 1981. The effect of changes in the
nutrient income on the condition of Lake Washington. Limnology and
Oceanography 26:1-29. Edmondson, W.T. and A.H. Litt. 1982. Daphnia in
Lake Washington. Limnology and Oceanography 27:272-293.
Engle, V.D., J.K. Summers, and G.R. Gaston. 1994. A benthic index of
environmental condition of Gulf of Mexico estuaries. Estuaries
17:372-384.
Environment Canada. 1994. Development of methodologies for
whole-sediment toxicity tests with benthic invertebrates: a. Optimum
age for initiation and duration of Hyallela azteca survival and growth
test, b. Formulation of artificial sediment(s) for use in reference
toxicity tests with benthic invertebrates. Environment Canada
Method Development and Application Division Technology Development
Directorate. TS - 27.
Fairweather, P.G. 1991. Statistical power and design requirements for
environmental monitoring. Australian Journal of Marine Freshwater
Research 42:555-67.
Fausch, D.D., J.R. Karr, and P.R. Yant. 1984. Regional application of
an index of biotic integrity based on stream fish communities.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 113:39-55.
FDEP. 1994. Lake bioassessments for the determination of nonpoint
source impairment in Florida. Draft. Florida Department of
Environmental Protection, Biology Section, Division of Administrative
and Technical Services, Tallahassee, FL.
——. 1996. Standard operating procedures for biological
assessment. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Biology
Section, Tallahassee, FL.
Fore, L.S., J.R. Karr, and L.L. Conquest. 1994. Statistical properties
of an index of biotic integrity used to evaluate water resources.
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
51:1077-1087.
Fore, L.S., J.R. Karr, and R.W. Wisseman. 1996. Assessing invertebrate
responses to human activities: Evaluating alternative approaches.
Journal of the North American Benthological Society 15:212-231.
Frey, D.G. 1975. Biological integrity of water - An historical
approach. Pages 127-140 In R.K. Ballentine and L.J. Guarrai, eds.
The Integrity of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Fritz, S.C. 1990. Twentieth-century salinity and water-level
fluctuations in Devils Lake, North Dakota: Test of a diatom-based
transfer function. Limnology and 0ceanography 35:1771-1780.
Fryer, G. 1985. Crustacean diversity in relation to the size of
waterbodies: Some facts and problems. Freshwater Biology
15:347-361.
Gauch, H.G. 1982. Multivariate analysis in community ecology.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Gerritsen, J. 1980. Adaptive responses to encounter problems. Pages
52-62 In W.C. Kerfoot, ed. The evolution and ecology of zooplankton
communities. University Press of New England, Hanover, NH.
Gerritsen, J. 1995. Additive biological indices for resource
management. Journal of the North American Benthological Society
14:451-457.
Gerritsen, J., and M.L. Bowman. 1994. Periphytic diatom assemblages
on high elevation Rocky Mountain lakes: Characterization of reference
conditions. Prepared for the Montana Department of Health and
Environmental Quality, Helena, MT and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Gerritsen, J., and J.S. White. 1997. Development of a biological
index for Florida Lakes. Prepared for Florida Department of
Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL.
Glew, J.R. 1988. A portable extruding device for close interval
sectioning of unconsolidated core samples. Journal of Palaeolimnology
1:235-239.
——. 1989. A new trigger mechanism for sediment samplers.
Journal of Palaeolimnology 2:241-243.
Gray, J.S. 1989. Effects of environmental stress on species fish
assemblages. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
37:19-32.
Green, G.R. and B.A. Beckman. 1992. The composite index of coincident
indicators and alternative coincident indexes. Survey of Current
Business. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic
Analysis, Washington, DC.
Gurtz, M.E. 1994. Design of biological components of the National
Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Pages 323-354 (Chapter 15)
In S.L. Loeb and A. Spacie, eds. Biological Monitoring of Aquatic
Systems. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
Hall, R.I. and J.P. Smol. 1992. A weighted-averaging regression and
calibration model for inferring total phosphorus concentration from
diatoms in British Columbia (Canada) lakes. Freshwater Biology
27:417-434.
Hecky, R. E. and H. J. Kling. 1981. The phytoplankton and
protozooplankton of the euphotic zone of Lake Tanganyika: Species
composition, biomass, chlorophyll content, and spatio-temporal
distribution. Limnology and Oceanography 26:532-547.
Heiskary, S.A. 1989. Integrating ecoregion concepts into state lake
management programs. Pages 89-100 In Enhancing the States’
Lake Management Programs Proceedings. North American Lake
Management Society, Madison, WI.
Heiskary, S.A. and C.B. Wilson. 1989. The regional nature of lake
water quality across Minnesota: An analysis for improving resource
management. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
55:71-77.
Heiskary, S.A., C.B. Wilson, and D.P. Larsen. 1987. Analysis of
regional patterns in lake water quality: Using ecoregions for lake
management in Minnesota. Lake Reservation Management 3:337-344.
Helsel, D.R. and R.M. Hirsch. 1992. Statistical Methods in Water
Resources. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Hergenrader, G.L. and D.C. Lessig. 1980. Eutrophication of the salt
valley reservoirs, 1968-1973, III. The macroinvertebrate community:
Its development, composition, and change in response to
eutrophication. Hydrobiologia 75:7-25.
Hickman, G.D. and T.A. McDonough. 1996. Assessing the reservoir fish
assemblage index: A potential measure of reservoir quality.
American Fisheries Society Symposium 16:85-97.
Hill, K.R. 1986. Classification of Iowa lakes and their fish standing
stock. Lake Reservation Management 2:105-109.
Hill, M.O. 1979. TWINSPAN-A FORTRAN program for arranging multivariate
data in an ordered two-way table by classification of individuals and
attributes. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
Hilsenhoff, W.L. 1987. An improved biotic index of organic stream
pollution. Great Lakes Entomology 20:31-39.
Hosper, S.H. and M.L. Meijer. 1993. Biomanipulation, will it work for
your lake? A simple test for the assessment of chances for clear
water, following drastic fish-stock reduction in shallow, eutrophic
lakes. Ecological Engineering 2:63-72.
Hosper, S.H., M.L. Meijer, and P.A. Walker, eds. 1992. Handleiding
Actief Biologisch Beheer. RIZA/OVB (Netherlands Institute for Inland
Water Management and Wastewater Treatment/ Organization for
Improvement of Inland Fisheries) Lelystad, The Netherlands (in Dutch).
Hughes, R.M., S.A. Heiskary, W.J. Matthews, and C.O. Yoder. 1994. Use
of ecoregions in biological monitoring. Pages 125-151 In S.L. Loeb and
A. Spacie, eds. Biological monitoring of aquatic systems. Lewis
Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
Hughes, R.M. and D.P. Larsen. 1988. Ecoregions: An approach to surface
water protection. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation
60:486-493.
Hurlbert, S.H. 1971. The nonconcept of species diversity: A critique
and alternative parameters. Ecology 52:577-586.
Hurlbert, S.H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological
field experiments. Ecological Monography 54(2).
Hutchinson, G.E. 1957. A treatise on limnology. Vol. 1. Geography,
physics and chemistry. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Hutchinson, G.E. 1965. The ecological theater and the evolutionary
play. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Hutchinson, G.E. 1967. A treatise on limnology. Vol. 2.
Introduction to lake biology and the limnoplankton. John Wiley and
Sons, New York, NY.
Hynes, H.B.N. 1994. Historical perspective and future direction of
biological monitoring of aquatic systems. Chapter 2 In S.L. Loeb and
A. Spacie, eds. Biological monitoring of aquatic systems. CRC
Press, Boca Raton, FL.
ITFM. 1992. Ambient water-quality monitoring in the United States.
First year review, evaluation, and recommendations. ITFM.
Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data. Intergovernmental Task
Force on Monitoring Water Quality, Water Information Coordination
Program, Washington, DC.
Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality (ITFM). 1994.
Water Quality Monitoring in the United States (Region V): 1993
Report of the Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water
Quality. Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality,
Washington, DC.
Jackson, D.A. 1993a. Multivariate analysis of benthic invertebrate
communities: The implications of choosing particular data
standardizations, measures of association, and ordination methods.
Hydrobiologia 268: 9-26
Jackson, D.A. 1993b. Stopping rules in principal components analysis:
A comparison of heuristical and statistical approaches. Ecology
74: 2204-2214.
Jennings, M.J., L.S. Fore, and J.R. Karr. 1995. Biological monitoring
of fish assemblages in Tennessee Valley reservoirs. Regulated
Rivers: Research & Management 11:263-274.
Johnson, R.A. and D.W. Wichern. 1992. Applied Multivariate Statistical
Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
Johnson, R.J. 1989. Water quality standards for lakes. Pages 123-128
In G.H. Flock, ed. Water quality standards for the 21st
Century. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water,
Washington, DC.
Jongman, R.H.G., C.J.F. ter Braak, and O.F.R. van Tongeren. 1987.
Data analysis and community and landscape ecology. Pudoc.
Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Karr, J.R. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish
communities. Fisheries 6:21-27.
——. 1991. Biological integrity: A long-neglected aspect of
water resource management. Ecological Application 1:66-84.
Karr, J.R. and D.R. Dudley. 1981. Ecological perspective on water
quality goals. Environmental Management 5:55-68.
Karr, J.R., K.D. Fausch, P.L. Angermeier, P.R. Yant, and I.J.
Schlosser. 1986. Assessing biological integrity in running waters:
A method and its rationale. Illinois Natural History Survey,
Special Publication 5.
Kenkel, N.C. and Orloci, L. 1986. Applying metric and nonmetric
multidimensional scaling to ecological studies: Some new results.
Ecology 67: 919-928.
Kennedy, R.H., K.W. Thornton, and D. Ford. 1985. Characterization of
the reservoir ecosystem. In D. Gunnison, ed. Microbial processes in
reservoirs. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Boston, MA.
Kennedy, R.H. and W.W. Walker. 1990. Reservoir nutrient dynamics.
Pages 109-132 In K.W. Thornton, B.L. Kimmel and F.E. Payne, eds.
Reservoir limnology: Ecological perspective. John Wiley and
Sons, New York, NY.
KDEP. 1993. Methods for assessing biological integrity of surface
waters. Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection, Division
of Water, Frankfort, KY.
Kerans, B.L., and J.R. Karr. 1994. A Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity
(B-IBI) for rivers of the Tennessee Valley. Ecological
Application 4:768-785.
Kingston, J.C. 1986. Diatom analysis. In D.F. Charles and D.R.
Whitehead, eds. Paleoecological investigation of recent lake
acidification: Methods and project descriptions. EA-4906, Res.
Proj. 2174-10. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.
Knowlton, M.F. and J.R. Jones. 1989. Comparison of surface and
depth-integrated composite samples for estimating algal biomass and
phosphorus values and notes on the vertical distribution of algae and
photosynthetic bacteria in midwestern lakes. Archiv für
Hydrobiologie. Supplement 83:175-96.
Kratzer, C.R. and P.L. Brezonik. 1981. A Carlson-type trophic state
index for nitrogen in Florida lakes. Water Research Bulletin
17:713-715.
Lahiri, K. and G.H. Moore. 1991. Leading economic indicators: New
approaches and forecasting records. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, MA.
Larsen, D.P. and H. Mercier. 1976. Phosphorus retention capacity of
lakes. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
33:742-750.
Leach, J.H. and R.C. Herron. 1992. A review of lake habitat
classification. Chapter 3 In W.D.N. Busch and P.G. Sly, eds. The
development of an aquatic habitat classification system for lakes.
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Leonard, P.M. and D.J. Orth. 1986. Application and testing of an index
of biotic integrity in small, coolwater streams. Transaction of
American Fisheries Society 115:401-414.
Lewis, W.M., Jr. 1979. Zooplankton community analysis.
Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
Line, J.M., C.J.F. ter Braak, and H.J.B. Birks. 1994. WACALIB version
3.3-a computer program to reconstruct environmental variables from
fossil assemblages by weighted averaging and to derive sample-specific
errors of prediction. Journal of Palaeolimnology 10:147- 152.
Ludwig, J.A. and J.F. Reynolds. 1988. Statistical ecology. John Wiley
and Sons, New York, NY.
Martin, R.G. and R.D. Arneson. 1978. Comparative limnology of a
deep-discharge reservoir and a surface-discharge lake on the Madison
River, Montana. Freshwater Biology 8:33-42.
Masters, A.E. 1992. Reservoir vital signs monitoring, 1991 -
Benthic macroinvertebrate community results. TVA/WR-92/3.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Water Resources Division, Chattanooga, TN.
Maughan, J.T. 1993. Ecological assessment of hazardous waste
sites. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY.
Maxted, J.R., E.L. Dickey, and G.M. Mitchell. 1994. Habitat quality
of a Delaware nontidal stream. Delaware Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental Control, Dover, DE.
Mayewski, P.A., M. Wumkes, J. Klinck, M.S. Twickler, J.S. Putscher,
K.C. Taylor, A.J. Gow, E.D. Waddington, R.B. Alley, J.E. Gibb, P.M.
Grootes, D.A. Meese, M. Ram, M. Whalen, and A.T. Wilson. 1994. Record
drilling depth struck in Greenland. Eos 75:113-124.
Mazumder, A. 1994. Patterns of algal biomass in dominant odd- vs.
even-link lake ecosystems. Ecology 75(4):1141-1149.
Mazumder, A., W.D. Taylor, D.J. McQueen, and D.R.S. Lean. 1990. Effect
of fish and plankton on lake temperature and mixing depth. Science
247(1):312-315.
Meador, M.R., T.F. Cuffney and M.E. Gurtz. 1993. Methods for
sampling fish communities as part of the National Water Quality
Assessment Program. USGS/OFR 93-104. U.S. Geological Survey,
Washington, DC.
Meinert, D.L., S.R. Butkus, and T.A. McDonough. 1992. Chickamauga
Reservoir Embayment Study - 1990. TVA/WR-92/28. Tennessee Valley
Authority, Water Resources Division, Chattanooga, TN.
Miller, D.L., P.M. Leonard, R.M. Hughes, J.R. Karr, P.B. Moyle, L.H.
Schrader, B.A. Thompson, R.A. Daniels, K.D. Fausch, G.A. Fitzhugh,
J.R. Gammon, D.B. Halliwell, P.L. Angermeier, and D.J. Orth. 1988.
Regional applications of an index of biotic integrity for use in water
resource management. Fisheries 13:12-20.
Mills, E.L., D.M. Green, and A. Schiavone, Jr. 1987. Use of
zooplankton size to assess the community structure of fish populations
in freshwater lakes. North American Journal of Fisheries
Management 7:369-378.
Mills, E.L. and A. Schiavone, Jr. 1982. Evaluation of fish communities
through assessment of zooplankton populations and measures of lake
productivity. North American Journal of Fisheries Management
2:14-27.
Moore, J.W. 1981. Factors influencing the species composition,
distribution and abundance of benthic invertebrates in the profundal
zone of a eutrophic northern lake. Hydrobiologia 85:505-510.
Moss, D., M.T. Furse, J.F. Wright, and P.D. Armitage. 1987. The
prediction of the macroinvertebrate fauna of unpolluted running-water
sites in Great Britain using environmental data. Freshwater
Biology 41-52.
NALMS. 1992. Developing eutrophication standards for lakes and
reservoirs. North American Lake Management Society, Alachua, FL.
Naumann, E. 1932. Grundzuge der regionalen limnologie.
Binnengewasser 11.
Norris, R.H. 1995. Biological monitoring: The dilemma of data
analysis. Journal of North American Benthological Society
14:440-450.
NRC. 1992. Restoration of aquatic ecosystems. National Research
Council. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Nürnberg, G.K. 1996. Trophic state of clear and colored, soft-
and hardwater lakes with special consideration of nutrients, anoxia,
phytoplankton and fish. Lake and Reservation Management
12(4):432-447.
O’Brien, W.J. 1979. The predator-prey interaction of
planktivorous fish and zooplankton. American Science
67:572-581.
——. 1990. Perspectives on fish in reservoir ecosystems.
Pages 209-226 In K.W. Thornton, B.L. Kimmel, and F.E. Payneln, eds.
Reservoir limnology: Ecological perspectives. John Wiley and
Sons, New York, NY.
O’Gorman, R., E.L. Mills, and J.S. DeGisi. 1991. Use of
zooplankton to assess the movement and distribution of alewife
(Alosa pseudoharengus) in south-central Lake Ontario in spring.
Canadian Journal of Fisheries Aquatic Sciences 48:2250-2257.
Oglesby, R.T. 1977. Relationships of fish yield to lake phytoplankton
standing crop, production, and morphoedaphic factors. Journal of
Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34(12):2271-2279.
Ohio EPA. 1987. Biological criteria for the protection of aquatic
life. Vols. 1-3. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Monitoring
and Assessment Program, Surface Water Section, Division of Water
Quality, Columbus, OH.
——. l990. The use of biocriteria in the Ohio EPA
surface water monitoring and assessment program. Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency, Ecological Assessment Section,
Division of Water Quality Planning and Assessments, Columbus, OH.
OCC. 1993. Development of rapid bioassessment protocols for
Oklahoma utilizing characteristics of the diatom community.
Oklahoma Conservation Commission, Oklahoma City, OK.
Omernik, J.M. 1987. Ecoregions of the conterminous United States.
Annals of the Association of American Geography 77(1):118- 125.
Oreskes, N., K. Schrader-Frechette, and K. Belitz. 1994. Verification,
validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth
sciences. Science 263:641-646.
Orth, R.J. and J.W. Moore. 1983. Chesapeake Bay: An unprecedented
decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. Science 222:51-53.
Palmer, M.W. 1993. Putting things in even better order: The advantages
of canonical correspondence analysis. Ecology 74(8):2215-2230.
Patalas, K. 1971. Crustacean plankton and the eutrophication of St.
Lawrence Great Lakes. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of
Canada 29:1451-1462.
Patrick, R. 1949. A proposed biological measure of stream conditions,
based on a survey of the Conestoga Basin, Lancaster County,
Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural
Sciences 101:277-341.
Perry, J.A. and N.H. Troelstrup. 1988. Whole ecosystem manipulation: A
productive avenue for test system research? Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry 7:941 -951.
Peterman, R.M. 1990. The importance of reporting statistical power:
The forest decline andacidic deposition example. Ecology
71(5):2024-2027.
Peters, J.A. 1988. Quality control infusion into stationary source
sampling. Chapter 22 In L.H. Keith, ed. In Principles of
environmental sampling. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
Peters, R.H. 1991. A critique for ecology. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, MA.
Pielou, E.C. 1977. Mathematical ecology. 2nd edition. John
Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY.
Porter, K.G. 1977. The plant-animal interface in freshwater
ecosystems. American Science 65:159-170.
PSEP. 1995. Recommended guidelines for conducting laboratory
bioassays on Puget Sound sediments. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, Office of Puget Sound,
Seattle, WA and Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Olympia, WA.
Ranasinghe, J.A., S.B. Weisberg, J. Gerritsen, and D.M. Dauer. 1994.
Assessment of Chesapeake Bay benthic macroinvertebrate resource
condition in relation to water quality and watershed stressors.
Prepared by Versar, Inc. for Maryland Department of Natural Resources,
Chesapeake Bay Research and Monitoring Division, Annapolis, MD.
Reynolds, C.S. 1984. The ecology of freshwater phytoplankton.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Reynoldson, T.B., R.C. Bailey, K.E. Day, and R.H. Norris. 1995.
Biological guidelines for freshwater sediment based on BEnthic
Assessment of SedimenT (the BEAST) using a multivariate approach for
predicting biological state. Australian Journal of Ecology
20:198-219.
Rohm, C.M., J.M. Omernik, C.W. Kiilsgaard. 1995. Regional patterns of
total phosphorus in lakes of the Northeastern United States. Lake
and Reservoir Management 11(1):1-14.
Roth, N.E., M.T. Southerland, J.C. Chaillou, J.H. Vølstad, S.B.
Weisberg, H.T. Wilson, D.G. Heimbuch, J.C. Seibel. 1997. Maryland
biological stream survey: Ecological status of non-tidal streams in
six basins sampled in 1995. CBWP-MANTA-EA-97-2. Prepared for
Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Chesapeake Bay and Watershed
Programs, Annapolis, MD.
Ryder, R.A., S.R. Kerr, K.H. Loftus, and H.A. Regier. 1974. The
morphoedaphic index, a fish yield estimator: Review and evaluation.
Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31:663-688.
Scheffer, M., M.R. de Redelijkheid, and F. Noppert. 1992. Distribution
and dynamics of submerged vegetation in a chain of shallow eutrophic
lakes. Aquatic Botany 42:199-216.
Schindler, D.W. 1988. Effects of acid rain on freshwater ecosystems.
Science 239:149-158.
Schindler, D.W., S.E.M. Kasian, and R.H. Hesslein. 1989. Biological
impoverishment in lakes of the midwestern and northeastern United
States from acid rain. Environmental Science and Technology
23:573-580.
Schueler, T.R. 1987. Controlling urban runoff: A practical manual
for planning and designing urban BMPs. Document No. 87703.
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, Washington, DC.
Schuster, E.G. and H.R. Zuuring. 1986. Quantifying the unquantifiable:
Or have you stopped abusing measurement scale? Journal of
Forestry 1986:25-30.
Scott, E.M., G.D. Hickman, and A.M. Brown. 1992. Reservoir vital
signs monitoring, 1991 - Fish community results. TVA/WR-92/5.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Water Resources Division, Chattanooga, TN.
Scott, L.C., J.A. Ranasinghe, A.T. Shaughnessy, J. Gerritsen, T.A.
Tornatore, R. Newport. 1991. Long-term benthic monitoring and
assessment program for the Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay: Level
1, Comprehensive report. Vol. 1. Versar, Inc., Columbia, MD.
Simon, T.P. and J. Lyons. 1995. Application of the index of biotic
integrity to evaluate water resource integrity in freshwater
ecosystems. Pages 245-262 In W.S. Davis and T.P. Simon, eds.
Biological assessment and criteria. Tools for water resource
planning and decision making. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Smith, V.H. 1983. Low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios favor dominance by
blue-green algae in lake phytoplankton. Science 221:669-671.
Smol, J.P. 1983. Paleophycology of a high Arctic lake near Cape
Herschel, Ellesmere Island. Canadian Journal of Botany
61:2195-2204.
Smol, J.P. 1986. Chrysophyte analysis, Section 7. In D.F. Charles and
D.R. Whitehead, eds. Paleoecological investigation of recent lake
acidification: Methods and project description. EA-4906, Research
Project 2174-10. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.
Smol, J.P., D.F. Charles, and D.R. Whitehead. 1984. Mallomonadacean
microfossils provide evidence of recent lake acidification.
Nature 307(5952):628-630.
Smol, J.P., B.F. Cumming, and J.C. Kingston. 1990. QA in
paleolimnology. In D.R. Hart, ed. QA guidelines for biology in
aquatic environmental protection. Prepared for Environment Canada,
National Water Research Institute, Burlington, Ont.
Sokal, R.R. and F.J. Rohlf. 1969. Biometry. W.H. Freeman &
Co., San Francisco, CA.
Southerland, M.T., and J.B. Stribling. 1995. Status of biological
criteria development and implementation. Pages 81-96 In W.S. Davis and
T.P. Simon, eds. Biological assessment and criteria: Tools for
water resource planning and decision making. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, FL.
Southwood, T.R.E. 1977. Habitat, the templet for ecological
strategies? Journal of Animal Ecology 46:337-65.
Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Cochran. 1980. Statistical Methods. 7th
edition. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
Steedman, R.J. 1988. Modification and assessment of an index of biotic
integrity to quantify stream quality in southern Ontario. Canadian
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:492-501.
Steinhart, C.E., L.4. Schierow, and W.C. Sonzogni. 1982. An
environmental quality index for the Great Lakes. Water Resources
Bulletin 18:1025-1031.
Stemberger, R.S. and J.M. Lazorchak. 1994. Zooplankton assemblage
responses to disturbance gradients. Canadian Journal of Fisheries
and Aquatic Sciences 51:2535-2547.
Stribling, J.B., J. Lathrop-Davis, M.T. Barbour, J.S. White, and E.W.
Leppo. 1995. Evaluation of environmental indicators for the
wetlands of Montana: The multimetric approach using benthic
macroinvertebrates. Prepared for the State of Montana, Department
of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena, Montana.
Suter, G.W., II. 1993. Ecological risk assessment. Lewis
Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
SYSTAT, Inc. 1992. SYSTAT: Statistics, Version 5.2 edition. SYSTAT,
Inc., Evanston, IL.
ter Braak, C.J.F. 1986. Canonical correspondence analysis: A new
eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis.
Ecology 67:1167-1179.
——. 1988. CANOCO - A FORTRAN program for canonical
community ordination. Agricultural Mathematics Group, Wageningen, The
Netherlands.
ter Braak, C.J.F. and S. Juggins. 1993. Weighted averaging partial
least squares regression(WA-PLS): An improved method for
reconstructing environmental variables from species assemblages.
Hydrobiologia 269/270:485-502.
Thompson, S.K. 1992. Sampling. John Wiley and Sons, New York,
NY.
Thornton, K.W. 1990a. Perspectives on reservoir limnology. Pages 1-14
In K.W. Thornton, B.L. Kimmel and F.E. Payne, eds. Reservoir
limnology: Ecological perspectives. John Wiley and Sons, New York,
NY.
——. 1990b. Sedimentary process. Pages 43-69 In K.W.
Thornton, B.L. Kimmel, and F.E. Payne, eds. Reservoir Limnology:
Ecological Perspectives. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, NY.
Tilman, D. 1982. Resource competition and community structure.
Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Trebitz, A.S., S.A. Nichols, S.R. Carpenter, and R.C. Lathrop.
1993.Patterns of vegetation change in Lake Wingra following a
Myriophyllum spicatum decline. Aquatic Botany 46:325-340.
Tukey, J. W. 1977. Exploratory data analysis. Addison-Wesley,
Reading, MA.
TVA. 1994. Tennessee Valley reservoir and stream quality - 1993:
Summary of vital signs and use suitability monitoring. Vol. I.
Water Management. Tennessee Valley Authority, Water Resources
Division, Chattanooga, TN.
——. 1995. Aquatic ecological health determinations for TVA
reservoirs - 1994: An informal summary of 1994 vital signs monitoring
results and ecological health determination methods. Water
Management. Tennessee Valley Authority, Water Resources Division,
Chattanooga, TN.
Uhlmann, D. 1971. Influence of dilution, sinking and grazing rate on
phytoplankton populations of hyperfertilized ponds and
micro-ecosystems. Mitt. Internat. Verein. Limonl. 19:100-124.
Underwood, A.J. 1994. On beyond BACI: Sampling designs that might
reliably detect environmental disturbances. Ecological
Applications 4(1):3-15.
USEPA. 1980a. Clean lakes program guidance manual. EPA
440-5-81-003. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water,
Washington, DC.
——. 1980b. National accomplishments in pollution
control 1970-1980: Some case histories. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Planning and Management, Program
Evaluation Division, Washington, DC.
——. 1983. Water Quality Standards Handbook. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, DC.
——. 1984. Technical support manual: Waterbody surveys
and assessments for conducting use attainability analyses. Vol.
111: Lake Systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.
——. 1985a. Clean lakes program: A review of the first
decade. EPA 440/5-85-033. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.
——. 1985b. Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of
effluents to freshwater and marine organisms. EPA 600/4-85/013.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
——. 1985c. Technical support document for water
quality-based toxics control. EPA 440/4-85/03. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
——. 1987a. Handbook of methods for acid deposition
studies. EPA 600/4-87/026. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.
——. 1987b. Report of the national workshop on in-stream
biological monitoring and criteria. In-stream Biol. Criteria Comm.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Environmental Research Laboratory, Region 10, Corvallis,
OR.
——. 1987c. Surface water monitoring: A framework for
change. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water,
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, Washington, DC.
——. 1989a. Overview of selected EPA regulations and
guidance affecting POTW management. EPA 440/69-89/008. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
——. 1989b. Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in
streams and rivers: Benthic macroinvertebrates and fish.
EPA/440/4-89-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Water, Washington, DC.
——. 1990a. Biological criteria: National program
guidance for surface waters. EPA 440/5-90-004. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
——. 1990b. Lake and reservoir restoration guidance
manual. 2nd edition. EPA 440/4-90-006. Prepared by North America
Lake Management Society for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
——. 1990c. Macroinvertebrate field and laboratory
methods for evaluating the biologicalintegrity of surface waters.
EPA 600/4-90/030. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC.
——. 1990d. Near coastal program plan for 1990:
Estuaries. EPA 600/4-90/033. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Environmental Research Lab,
Narragansett, RI.
——. 1991a. Biological criteria: Guide to technical
literature. EPA 440/5-91-004. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
——. 1991b. Biological criteria: Research and
regulation. Proceedings of a symposium. EPA 440/5-91-005. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Health and
Ecological Criteria Division, Washington, DC.
——. 1991c. Biological criteria: State development and
implementation efforts. EPA 440/5-91-003. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
——. 1991d. Design Report for EMAP, the Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment Program. EPA 600-3-91-053. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Washington, DC.
——. 1991e. The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP) - Surface Waters monitoring research plan, fiscal year
1991. EPA 600/3-91/022. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Corvallis, OR.
——. 1991f. Technical support document for water
quality-based toxics control. EPA 505/2-90-001. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
——. 1992a. Draft ecoregions/subecoregions of
Florida. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR.
——. 1992b. Fish field and laboratory methods for
evaluating the biological integrity of surface waters. EPA
600/R-92/111. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
——. 1992c. Framework for ecological risk
assessment. EPA 630-R-92-001. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
——. 1992d. Monitoring Guidance of the National Estuary
Program. EPA 842-B-92-004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Water, Washington, DC.
——. 1992e. Procedures for initiating narrative
biological criteria. EPA 822-B-92-002. U.S.Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology, Washington, DC.
——. 1992f. Sediment classification methods
compendium. EPA 823-4-92-006. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Water. Washington, DC.
——. 1993a. EMAP-Surface waters 1991 pilot report.
Review draft. EPA 620/R-93/003. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR.
——. 1993b (draft final). EPA requirements for quality
assurance project plans for environmental data operations. EPA
QA/R-5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Quality Assurance
Management Staff, Washington, DC.
——. 1993c. Guidelines for preparation of the 1994 state
water quality assessments (305(b) reports). EPA 841-B-93-004. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
——. 1993d. Statistical methods for the analysis of lake
water quality trends. EPA 841-R-93-003. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
——. 1993e. Virginian Province demonstration report.
EMAP-Estuaries: 1990. EPA 620/R-93/006. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.
——. 1994a. EMAP Surface waters field operations manual
for lakes. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV.
——. 1994b. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program: Integrated quality assurance project plan for the Surface
Waters Resource Group, 1994 activities, Rev. 2.00. EPA
600/X-91/080. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV.
——. 1994c (draft). EPA program guidance on the TMDL
concept. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
——. 1994d. Guidance for the Data Quality Objectives
Process. EPA 600/R-96/055. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.
——. 1994e (draft). Guidance on implementation of
biological criteria. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Science and Technology, Washington, DC.
——. 1994f. National water quality inventory: 1992
report to Congress. EPA 841-R-94-001. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
——. 1994g. Periphytic diatom assemblages of high
elevation Rocky Mountain lakes: Characterization of reference
conditions. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
——. 1994h. Statistical summary: EMAP- Estuaries
Virginian Province - 1991. EPA 620/R-94/005. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Environmental
Research Laboratory, Narragansett, RI.
——. 1994i. Statistical summary: EMAP - Estuaries
Virginian Province - 1992. EPA 620/R-94/019. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Environmental
Research Laboratory, Narragansett, RI.
——. 1994j. USEPA procedures for assessing the toxicity
and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants with
freshwater invertebrates. EPA 600/R-94/024. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN.
——. 1994k (draft). The watershed protection approach
1993/94 supplement to 1992 annual report. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
——. 1995. Generic quality assurance project plan
guidance for programs using community level biological assessment in
wadable streams and rivers. EPA 841-B-95-004. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
——. 1996a. Biological criteria: Technical guidance for
streams and small rivers. EPA 822-B-96-001. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
——. 1996b. Biological criteria: Technical guidance for
survey design and statistical evaluation of biosurvey data.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science
and Technology, Washington, DC.
——. 1996c. Guidance for data quality assessment,
practical methods for data analysis, EPA QA/G-9, QA96 Version. EPA
600/R-96/084. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Washington, DC.
——. 1996d. Proposed guidelines for ecological risk
assessment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal
Register 61(175):47552-47631.
——. 1996e. Biological assessment methods, biocriteria,
and biological indicators: Bibliography of selected technical, policy,
and regulatory literature. EPA 230-B-96-001. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation,
Washington, DC.
——. 1996f. Summary of state biological assessment
programs for streams and rivers. EPA 230-R-96-007. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Planning, and
Evaluation, Washington, DC.
——. 1997a (review draft). Estuarine/near coastal marine
waters bioassessment and biocriteria technical guidance. Prepared
for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington
DC.
——. 1997b. Field and laboratory methods for
macroinvertebrate and habitat assessment of low gradient nontidal
streams. Mid-Atlantic Coastal Streams Workgroup. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Services Division, Region 3,
Wheeling, WV.
——. 1997c (draft). Lake regions of Florida. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, OR.
——. 1997d (draft). Revision to rapid bioassessment
protocols for use in streams and rivers: Periphyton, benthic
macroinvertebrates, and fish. EPA 841-D-97-002. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
Vighi, M. and G. Chiaudani. 1985. A simple method to estimate lake
phosphorus concentrations resulting from natural, background,
loadings. Water Research 19:987-991.
Vinson, M.R., and C.P. Hawkins. 1996. Effects of sampling area and
subsampling procedure on comparisons of taxa richness among streams.
Journal of the North American Benthological Society 15:392-299.
Vollenweider, R.A. 1968. Scientific fundamentals of eutrophication
of lakes and flowing waters with special reference to phosphorus and
nitrogen. OECD/DAS/CSI/68.27. OECD, Paris.
——. 1975. Input-output models with special reference to
the phosphorus loading concept in limnology. Schweizerische
Zeitschrift fur Hydrologie 37:53-83.
Wallace, J.B., J.W. Grubaugh, and M.R. Whiles. 1996. Biotic indices
and stream ecosystem processes: Results from an experimental study.
Ecological Applications 6(1):140-151.
Warwick, R.M., and K.R. Clarke. 1991. A comparison of some methods for
analyzing changes in benthic community structure. Journal of Marine
Biological Association 71:225-244.
Watson, N.H.F. 1974. Zooplankton of the St. Lawrence Great Lakes:
Species composition, distribution, and abundance. Journal of the
Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31:783-794.
Weaver, M.J., J.J. Magnuson, and M.K. Clayton. 1993. Analyses for
differentiating littoral fish assemblages with catch data from
multiple sampling gears. Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society 122:1111-1119.
Weber, S.P., B. Shaw, and S.A. Nichols. 1995. The aquatic
macrophyte communities of eight northern Wisconsin flowages.
Technical Report, College of Natural Resources, University of
Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI.
Wetzel, R. G. 1975. Limnology. W.B. Saunders Company,
Philadelphia, PA.
Wetzel, R.G. 1990. Reservoir Ecosystems: Conclusions and speculations.
Pages 227-238 In K.W. Thornton, B.L. Kimmel, and F.E. Payne, eds.
Reservoir limnology: Ecological perspectives. John Wiley and
Sons, New York, NY.
Wiederholm, T. 1980. Use of benthos in lake monitoring. Journal of
the Water Pollution Control Federation 52:537-547.
——. 1984. Responses of aquatic insects to environmental
pollution. Pages 508-557 In V.H. Resh and D.M. Rosenberg, eds. The
ecology of aquatic insects. Praeger, New York, NY.
Wonnacott, T.H. and R.J. Wonnacott. 1969. Introductory Statistics.
2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY.
Wright, J.C. 1967. Effect of impoundments on productivity, water
chemistry, and heat budgets of rivers. Pages 188-199 In Reservoir
Fishery Resources. American Fisheries Society. Washington, DC.
Wright, J.F., D. Moss, P.D. Armitage, and M.T. Furse. 1984. A
preliminary classification of running-water sites in Great Britain
based on macroinvertebrate species and the prediction of community
type using environmental data. Freshwater Biology 14:221-256.
Yoccoz, N.G. 1991. Use, overuse and misuse of significance tests in
evolutionary biology and ecology. Bulletin of the Ecological
Society of America 72:106-111.
Yoder, C.O. and E.T. Rankin. 1995. Biological criteria program
development and implementation in Ohio. Pages 109-144 In W.S. Davis
and T.P. Simon, eds. Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for
water resource planning and decision making. Lewis Publishers,
Boca Raton, FL.
Zaret, T.M. 1980. Predation and freshwater communities. Yale
University Press, New Haven, CT.
Home ~ Preface ~ Chapter 1 ~ Chapter 2
Chapter 3 ~ Chapter 4 ~ Chapter 5 ~ Chapter 6
Chapter 7 ~ Chapter 8 ~ Chapter 9 ~ Chapter 10
Appendix A ~ Appendix B ~ Appendix C ~ Appendix D
Appendix E ~ Appendix F ~ Appendix G
Top of Page
|
