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Carbofuran Cancellation Process
Quick Resources
- Read the Carbofuran RED (PDF) (47 pp, 460k, about PDF)
- Carbofuran Reregistration information
- Carbofuran Reregistration Docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0162
- Pesticide Cancellation Under EPA's Own Initiative
- Revoking Pesticide Tolerances
Current as of May 15, 2009
May 15, 2009 - EPA issued a final rule revoking all carbofuran tolerances (residue limits in food).
Carbofuran is an N-methyl carbamate insecticide and nematicide that has been registered to control pests in soil and on leaves in a variety of field, fruit, and vegetable crops. No residential uses are registered.
EPA has concluded that dietary, worker, and ecological risks are unacceptable for all uses of carbofuran. All products containing carbofuran generally cause unreasonable adverse effects on humans and the environment and do not meet safety standards, and therefore are ineligible for reregistration.
On this page you will find information about the status of the Agency's initiative to obtain cancellation, voluntary or otherwise, of all pesticide products containing carbofuran, and to revoke all U.S. carbofuran tolerances, or legal residue limits in food commodities.
- Tolerance Revocation - EPA's May 15, 2009 Final Rule
- Voluntary Cancellation of Certain Uses - March 2009
- Notice of Intent to Cancel - EPA's January 2008 Draft
Tolerance Revocation
Tolerance Revocation Rule
- Carbofuran; Final Tolerance Revocations (May 15, 2009)
- Notification to World Trade Organization (May 21, 2009) (3 pp, 55k, about PDF)
- Carbofuran; Proposed Tolerance Revocations (July 31, 2008)
In May 2009, EPA completed action to revoke existing carbofuran tolerances (residue limits in food) due to unacceptable dietary risks, especially to children, from consuming a combination of food and water with carbofuran residues Carbofuran; Final Tolerance Revocations - Final Rule May 15, 2009. After considering public comment on the Agency’s July 2008 proposal, EPA concluded that combined exposure to carbofuran from food and water significantly exceeds EPA’s level of concern for children, and does not meet the U.S. food safety standard. Based on these findings, EPA is moving as expeditiously as possible to address the unacceptable dietary risks to children. Following resolution of the tolerance revocations, EPA plans to proceed with cancellation of any remaining carbofuran uses due to unreasonable ecological and worker risks.
Because dietary exposures to infants and children are of particular concern, the Agency has moved to revoke carbofuran tolerances first, before canceling remaining carbofuran registrations. This approach provides the most direct and timely means to realize protection of children from dietary risks. It also allows multiple stakeholders an additional opportunity to comment.
Although food plus water risks from carbofuran clearly do not meet the safety standard as required by law, carbofuran is used on only a small percentage of the U.S. food supply, and most food is not expected to contain carbofuran residues. EPA’s action is focused on promoting greater food safety. The U.S. has a safe and abundant food supply, and children and others should continue to eat a variety of foods, as recommended by the federal government and nutritional experts.
Carbofuran tolerances for all commodities will be revoked effective December 31, 2009. This means that no food crops in the U.S. will be allowed to have residues of carbofuran after December 31, unless it can be shown that the crop was treated before that date. EPA is working with the Food and Drug Administration to ensure that food treated before the effective date of the tolerance revocations can continue to be sold and distributed.
EPA is encouraging growers to switch to safer pesticides or other environmentally preferable pest control strategies. The Agency has set the effective date in December because we believe this is the quickest time frame in which the decision can be practically implemented, and to ensure that growers have been provided with a reasonable amount of time to allow them to develop appropriate pest management strategies.
EPA establishes tolerances for pesticides that may be found on foods, and can also revoke tolerances to better safeguard public health and the environment. The Agency must modify or revoke any tolerance that it determines is unsafe, that is, that does not meet the safety standard of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). The Agency has revoked all tolerances for carbofuran because exposure through food and drinking water combined does not meet the FFDCA section 408 (b)(2) safety standard. For further information on this process, see Revoking Pesticide Tolerances.
Voluntary Cancellation of Certain Uses
Following a public comment period, EPA granted a request from the registrant, FMC Corporation, for voluntary cancellation of certain uses of and products containing flowable and granular carbofuran effective March 18, 2009 [Product Cancellation Order, 3-18-09 FR notice]. All federally registered uses of carbofuran have been canceled except four food crop uses (field corn, potatoes, pumpkins and sunflowers) and two non-food crop uses (pine seedlings and spinach grown for seed). Use on artichokes will be canceled after a 2-year phase out period. EPA has decided, however, to revoke the tolerance for artichokes on the same timetable as the other carbofuran food uses. Growers should plan accordingly. Certain state Special Local Need registrations are also being canceled, as requested. Existing stocks of the canceled products may be used until they are depleted, until December 31, 2009, the effective date for revocation of the associated food tolerances.
Following resolution of the tolerance revocations, EPA plans to proceed with cancellation of any remaining carbofuran uses due to unreasonable ecological and worker risks.
Notice of Intent to Cancel (NOIC)
SAP and USDA Review of Draft NOIC
EPA also is proceeding on the path toward cancellation of the remaining carbofuran registrations, which will address risks to pesticide applicators and risk to birds in treated fields. In 2006, in addition to dietary risks, EPA identified significant occupational and ecological risks from the use of carbofuran. Although carbofuran uses have benefits, none provides sufficient benefits either to individual growers or at the national level to outweigh the substantial combined occupational and ecological risks. EPA concluded that carbofuran products pose an unreasonable risk to man and the environment which outweighs the benefits of continued use, and therefore all uses must be canceled.
In January 2008, EPA submitted for FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) and USDA review a draft Notice of Intent to Cancel (NOIC) carbofuran pursuant to section 25(d) of FIFRA. After considering the SAP's responses and USDA's comments, EPA has determined that cancellation is still warranted. The Agency's responses to the SAP and USDA are available in the carbofuran dockets. EPA plans to issue a final carbofuran NOIC after completing steps to revoke the tolerances.
EPA's regulatory actions are part of the Agency's pesticide reregistration and tolerance reassessment programs. By law, the Agency was required to reassess by August 2006 all tolerances that were in existence as of August 2, 1996. In August 2006, EPA published its Carbofuran Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision (IRED) (PDF) (44 pp, 392k, about PDF)concluding that no carbofuran uses met the statutory standards, and therefore no uses were eligible for reregistration. The Agency intended to cancel all uses of carbofuran due to ecological and occupational risks of concern, as well as dietary risks from residues on food crops and in contaminated drinking water.
After EPA issued the IRED, the carbofuran registrants submitted for Agency review a number of studies addressing ecological and human dietary risk, as well as other informational documents. EPA reviewed all submitted data and documents, as well as additional data developed by the Agency's Office of Research and Development. While these submissions resulted in certain refinements to the Agency's assessment, EPA continues to believe that all uses of carbofuran should be canceled for the reasons identified above.
EPA may cancel a pesticide registration on the Agency's own initiative when the risks associated with use of the pesticide are unacceptable, and the registrants have not made necessary changes to the terms and conditions of registration to address the unacceptable risks. The registrant's voluntary cancellation of a number of carbofuran uses and registrations, effective March 18, 2009, does not address all carbofuran risks. EPA therefore plans to proceed to address the worker and ecological risks from the remaining uses of carbofuran through the cancellation process under FIFRA section 6(b), after resolving dietary risks through the tolerance revocation process under section 408 of the FFDCA. For further information on this process, see Pesticide Cancellation Under EPA's Own Initiative.