ÿWPCð~ HèõÞSô ‰z*/ÇdõÞSä'‹ò4`:® (—ô ‰zÚ—f˜È59õ?]žFËd¸~¾ó®¬ÛaªõHƒÙrËøÉð£GÜÅ“áxq [ Naƺwùð¤,Œ5yT¨itsžÎ®Øý%ÅþÚz™éFC"‚. D³ñ‹.!«ð½(G§>臠r}¥$ pç–SªÃáKú@sÞž>¯.·õÏêëÝ»Ï,ž¤ Šë¼j¥Á~ÀÜ“‰ÇÎiî½–Xÿ„6œNO9`˜½0›1u#nQ3Øø‰3Í-¼§(ÌpáNÕi™õÊÆÌ¯s Ž“ñzæQxØr" 8/¬q.›TC¯Äþ,<«½m 齃øá^ÎUÛ 7†Zó\JA<ÅWÉ É,Xn+l>]ï€æî¾{îÓéXkõ¿¥Ï¦'ñ""‹ÿ_v©¾%RY€6é‰Ú°\ŒÍŸ‹HIÒ¯Žþ•­¸£™&Ôè¥_Þ#z ©pÚ¨³Éž¤äÓó·¹:öé&eI@žF®Î〈œlÎsZ;ÖȵÏɤ2çÖ9"cVž0 ük;eE¼<ËÖ¥cР¶ØàX9í´¸˜vƒ°û¢Gñ#!.UNO % 0:£ 1‡Ý 0Vdw@º4ú 0UrUNz CÈ 0)câ 0NwE 0Nм 0N F 0N´æ 0NÇš 0NÛa 0Nï< 1u+k  1‡  1‡’ 1‡ 1‡ ~'b¥ 1‡­x4 1‡¬ 0D~3 B4± 0<DÎ 1‡ 1‡™ 1‡  1‡§ 1‡. 1‡µ 1‡9¥>MÞ>Iâ> 1U+@ 0N€@¦Î@ 1‡tCMûC 0bÿCU>aDxŸD AE 0V–EU>ìE*F 0J·F 0yJG€KG 1‡ËGRH€ßHó_IxRJRJRJRJRJ 1‡ÊJˆQK 1‡ÙL`M 1‡oOoOöOó P B *ÿPÿPÿPÿPÿPÿPÿPÿPÿPÿPˆ)Q±Q~ÇQ™ERMÞR€âRLbS„®T}2UНU½9V¤öWöW´šYðN[X>]‚–^Ï_ 1‡ç_Án`n`Ê/a/aùa‹ˆb©c¼cû=eý8f€5gcµg‹i‚£iŽ%jy³j?,l kmfwnayn¶nùCop ?p@pDApBpECpDpEpFp(vB((Ð3|xFp(-2«$©©Ý ƒö\!ÝÔCEUS.,ÔÝ  Ý(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular ÿÿÿd(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à(Oé;$µµà0  àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#à(b·¤$¶¶à0  àà0` (#(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#à(xir$··à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àÔ2#Ô(Ú  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0¸ (#¸ (#à(ŒÜ$¸¸à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àÔ2#Ô(Ú  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0h(#(#à(ŸF$¹¹à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àÔ2#Ô(Ú  ÚÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0Àh(#h(#à(³Àô$ººà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0À(#À(#à(ǵ{$»»à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0p(#(#à3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) aÝ ƒ½g'ÝÔCEUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÓ  Ó[Docket€No.€XXXXX]ó óhðÈCEIMQUY]aAutoList2""""""""i)1)a)hÉCEIMQUY]aAutoList3""""""""i)1)a)hÉCEIMQUY]aAutoList4""""""""i)1)a)(ÚùEGMSY_ekqAutoList33A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A. tÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ibid.,€pg.€19.- ù-( úEGMSY_ekqAutoList361)1)1)1)1)1)1)1) nÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Pg.€37.hvCEIMQUY]aAutoList5i)1)a)(.(3M($¤¤Ý ƒö\!ÝÔCEUS.,ÔÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó d(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóóh0ÉCEIMQUY]aAutoList6""""""""i)1)a)h@ÉCEIMQUY]aAutoList7""""""""i)1)a)hPÉCEIMQUY]aAutoList8""""""""i)1)a)h`ÉCEIMQUY]aAutoList9""""""""i)1)a)hEGKOSW[_cAutoList10"""""""")1)a)h‘EGKOSW[_cAutoList11"""""""")1)a)h¡EGKOSW[_cAutoList12"""""""")1)a)h±EGKOSW[_cAutoList13"""""""")1)a)hÁEGKOSW[_cAutoList14"""""""")1)a) ©Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Natural€sources€are€discussed€further€in€section€IV.A.€of€this€TSD.Ê’Å(c) ðÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú48Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€ÔUSCE.,Ô€Any€area€seeking€an€extension€of€the€December€31,€2001€attainment€date€must€alsoÐ e Ðdemonstrate€attainment€by€the€most€expeditious€alternative€date€practicable.€CAA€sectionsÏ188(c)(2)€and€189(b)(1)(A).€€Nevada€has€requested€an€extension€of€the€attainment€deadline€untilÏDecember€31,€2006,€(1997€Serious€PlanÔCE.,US.,gÔÔUSCE.,Ô€Ô_ÔpgsÔ_Ô€39„40).€€Because€EPA€is€proposing€to€disapprove€theÏimpracticability€demonstration€for€the€24„hour€standard€in€the€1997€Serious€Plan,€the€Agency€isÏproposing€to€deny€the€Stateððs€extension€request.ÔCE.,US.,ØÔÿU‹ÿÀÀÀhAEGKOSW[_cAutoList40"""""""")1)a)(ÈhH  Z6Times New Roman RegularTable_AhQEGKOSW[_cAutoList41"""""""")1)a) zÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú20Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1995€RACM€Addendum.hÑEGKOSW[_cAutoList15"""""""")1)a) ËÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú29Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ô‡6XrûXXXÔ1991€Moderate€Plan,€Appendix€E„14.Ô#†XåcXX6Xrûg#Ô wÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú30Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ô‡6XrûXXXÔProcess€emissions€refer€to€conveyor€belts,€crushers,€stacks,€screening€equipment,Ð e Ðbagging€equipment,€etc.€but€do€not€include€area€sources€such€as€unpaved€roads€and€unpavedÏparking€areas.Ô#†XåcXX6Xrûg#ÔháEGKOSW[_cAutoList16"""""""")1)a)hEGKOSW[_cAutoList18"""""""")1)a)hEGKOSW[_cAutoList19"""""""")1)a)hÁEGKOSW[_cAutoList20"""""""")1)a)hñEGKOSW[_cAutoList17"""""""")1)a)hÑEGKOSW[_cAutoList21"""""""")1)a)háEGKOSW[_cAutoList22"""""""")1)a)hñEGKOSW[_cAutoList23"""""""")1)a)hEGKOSW[_cAutoList24"""""""")1)a)hEGKOSW[_cAutoList25"""""""")1)a)h!EGKOSW[_cAutoList26"""""""")1)a)h1EGKOSW[_cAutoList27"""""""")1)a)hAEGKOSW[_cAutoList28"""""""")1)a)hQEGKOSW[_cAutoList29"""""""")1)a) ?Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú31Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ô‡6XrûXXXÔU.S.€EPA.€ð ðProcedures€for€Identifying€Reasonably€Available€Control€Technology€forÐ e ÐStationary€Sources€of€PM„10",€September€1992.Ô#†XåcXX6Xrûg#Ô »Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú32Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡6XrûXXXÔ€Addendum€at€42009.Ô#†XåcXX6Xrûf#Ô  ËÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú33Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ô‡6XrûXXXÔOp.€Cit.Ô#†XåcXX6Xrûg#Ô€U.S.€EPA.€September€1992. ÆÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú34Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ô‡6XrûXXXÔ50€FR€31328€(August€1,€1985).Ô#†XåcXX6Xrûg#Ô ÄÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú35Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ô‡6XrûXXXÔ1994€BACM€Plan,€pgs.€33„34.Ô#†XåcXX6Xrûg#ÔhEGKOSW[_cAutoList30"""""""")1)a)hEGKOSW[_cAutoList31"""""""")1)a) 8Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú37Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ô‡6XrûXXXÔSee€Appendix€C€to€the€1994€BACM€Plan.€The€ordinance€was€also€submitted€in€theÐ e Ð1995€RACM€Addendum€to€meet€RACM€requirements.Ô#†XåcXX6Xrûg#ÔhaEGKOSW[_cAutoList42"""""""")1)a)<þ6X9`(Courier%ô\  `$Times NewRoman Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€ÔUSCE.,ÔÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óWe€found€no€cases€where€an€older€version€of€a€rule€or€permit€submitted€as€part€of€theÐ e ÐModerate€Area€SIP€or€Serious€Area€SIP€was€superior€to€the€latest€available€adopted€versionÔCE.,US.,fÔÔUSCE.,Ô€withÏrespect€to€meeting€RACM/BACM€or€enforceability€criteriaÔCE.,US.,wÔò òÝ‚m6ºÿxƒ!Ýó óÝ  Ý. ?Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€This€discussion€excludes€measures€for€unpaved€roads€located€at€construction€sites€andÐ e Ðpermitted€facilities€(e.g.€stationary€sources),€which€are€addressed€in€sections€IV.B.5€and€IV.B.6€ofÏthis€TSD. ŠÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€57€FR€13498,€13541€(April€16,€1992). /Ñ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ À ÑÑ  Ñ ?Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€This€discussion€excludes€measures€for€unpaved€roads€located€at€construction€sites€andÐ e Ðpermitted€facilities€(e.g.€stationary€sources),€which€are€addressed€in€sections€IV.B.5€and€IV.B.6€ofÏthis€TSD.$ÿÿ359=AEIMQ1>‡¦$"Small Circleð"ðà0  àTSD for Las Vegas Disapproval Ð : ' (Registered User(0Registered User .   h!EGKOSW[_cAutoList32"""""""")1)a)(:31V$««Ý ƒö\!ÝÔCEUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ d Ô<è\( 9Z &Courier Regular nÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Pg.€37.iyúÿ  <<= 8ÀÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ(.3½g$££Ý ƒö\!ÝÔCEUS.,ÔÝ  Ýô\  `&Times New Roman ƒÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1997€Serious€Plan,€pg.€B„35.D8º4Redline 1Redlineò òó óD6º4Redline 2Redlineò òó ó vÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ibid,€pg.€B„37.(•¤EGMSY_ekqAutoList34a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a. ƒÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1997€Serious€Plan,€pg.€B„35. vÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ibid,€pg.€B„37. éÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú14Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ԁ݂m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óThese€four€cooperative€agreements€have€identical€terms.€ò òÝ‚m6ºÿgƒ!Ýó óÝ  Ý nÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Pg.€37.(úùEGMSY_ekqAutoList35A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A. ~Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ X²ªXXXÔ€See€ð ðState€Implementation€Plans;€General€Preamble€for€the€Implementation€of€Title€I€ofÐ e Ðthe€Clean€Air€Act€Amendments€of€1990,ðð€57€FR€13498€(April€16,€1992)€and€57€FR€18070€(AprilÏ28,€1992).Ô#†XUXX X²ªe#Ô(úEGMSY_ekqAutoList371)1)1)1)1)1)1)1) Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€ÔUSCE.,ÔÔ‡ X²ªXXXÔSee€ð ðState€Implementation€Plans€for€Serious€PM-10€Nonattainment€Areas,€andÐ e ÐAttainment€Date€Waivers€for€PM-10€Nonattainment€Areas€Generally;€Addendum€to€the€GeneralÏPreamble€for€the€Implementation€of€Title€I€of€the€Clean€Air€Act€Amendments€of€1990,ðð€59€FRÏ41998€(August€16,€1996).Ô#†XUXX X²ªx#ÔÔCE.,US.,fÔ(*úEGMSY_ekqAutoList381)1)1)1)1)1)1)1) Ñ e Ñ éÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú14Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ԁ݂m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óThese€four€cooperative€agreements€have€identical€terms.€ò òÝ‚m6ºÿgƒ!Ýó óÝ  Ý&ÿÿ0 d d ~Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú15Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1994€BACM€Plan,€pg.€36. Ñ ° Ñ tÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú16Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ibid.€Pg.€53. Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú17Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1997€Serious€Plan.€See€Chapters€3€and€4. vÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú18Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ibid.€Pg.€B„41. BÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú19Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€ordinance€amends€Rule€28€to€require€a€grading€permit€prior€to€land€clearing,€whichÐ e Ðis€dependent€upon€the€issuance€of€a€topsoil€disturbance€permit€(e.g.€DCP)€from€the€Clark€CountyÏHealth€District. zÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú20Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1995€RACM€Addendum. sÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú21Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ibid.€Pg.€4. €Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1997€Serious€Plan,€pg.€24. ³Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€EPAððs€guidance€documents€on€fugitive€dust€sources€provide€information€on€controlÐ e Ðefficiencies:€ð ðControl€of€Open€Fugitive€Dust€Sourcesðð,€U.S.€EPA,€September€1988€and€ð ðFugitiveÏDust€Background€Document€and€Technical€Information€Document€for€Best€Available€ControlÏMeasuresðð,€U.S.€EPA,€September€1992. šÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú22Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ԁ݂m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óAlso€note€that€County€Ordinance€1058€only€pertains€to€highway€spillage,€however,Ð e Ðspillage€can€also€be€deposited€from€uncovered€haul€trucks€onto€paved€and€unpaved€roads€that€doÏnot€meet€the€definition€of€a€highway.ò òÝ‚m6ºÿgƒ!Ýó óÝ  Ý ªÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú23Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€EPAððs€RACM€guidance€[57€FR€13498,€13541€(April€16,€1992)]€does€not€preclude€theÐ e Ðadoption€of€a€legally€enforceable€permit€program€in€lieu€of€a€regulation.€However,€the€guidanceÏclearly€states€that€any€such€measures€need€to€meet€EPAððs€criteria€regarding€the€enforceability€ofÏSIPs€and€SIP€revisions. æÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú24Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€This€includes€updated€website€versions€of€rule€and€permit€requirements.€EPA€lacks€aÐ e Ðcomplete€understanding€of€requirements€for€blasting,€demolition€and€large€construction€sites.€ÏThe€forms€containing€boilerplate€requirements€do€not€appear€available€on€the€District€website.€Ð =Ø ¤ ÐNone€of€this€information€was€submitted€as€a€SIP€revision€to€EPA. NÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú25Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ԁ݂m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óNote:€The€1994€BACM€Plan€identified€maintenance€of€dust€mitigation€records€atÐ e Ðconstruction€sites€as€a€BACM€candidate€(Table€5„1,€pg.€48).ò òÝ‚m6ºÿgƒ!Ýó óÝ  Ý xÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú26Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ibid.,€pg.€48„50. ÅÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú27Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ô‡6XrûXXXÔ1997€Serious€Plan,€pg.€B„14.Ô#†XåcXX6Xrûg#Ôh‘EGKOSW[_cAutoList39"""""""")1)a) ·Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú28Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ô‡6XrûXXXÔIbid.,€pg.€19.Ô#†XåcXX6Xrûg#Ô ÀÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú36Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡6XrûXXXÔ€1994€BACM€Plan,€pg.€48.Ô#†XåcXX6Xrûf#Ô …Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú38Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1991€Moderate€Plan,€pp.€33„34. Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú39Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1997€Serious€Plan,€pg.€43. ŸÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú40Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1994€BACM€Plan,€pgs.€35„36€and€1995€RACM€Addendum,€pg.5. wÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú41Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1994€BACM€Plan,€pg.€39.€€Woodburning€stoves€were€identified€as€a€significant€sourceÐ e Ðof€PM„10€emissions€in€the€Las€Vegas€SIP€submittals€prior€to€the€1997€Serious€Plan.€€The€1997ÏSerious€Plan€does€not€explain€why€it€dropped€them€as€a€significant€source.€ ñÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú42Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Clark€County€Ordinance€No.€1249,€City€of€Las€Vegas€Ordinance€No.€3538,€and€City€ofÐ e ÐNorth€Las€Vegas€Ordinance€No.€1020. óÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú43Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€ð ðTechnical€Information€Document€for€Residential€Wood€Combustion€Best€AvailableÐ e ÐControl€Measuresðð,€September€1992.€ vÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú44Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ibid.€Pg.€B„38. YÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú45Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1991€Moderate€Plan,€pg.€37.€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ó(The€1991€Moderate€Plan€discussion€appears€toÐ e Ðencompass€a€broad€set€of€recreational€off„road€vehicle€uses€on€BLM€lands.)ò òÝ‚m6ºÿƒƒ!Ýó óÝ  Ý Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú46Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1997€Serious€Plan,€pg.€44. xÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú47Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ibid.,€pp.€35„37. „Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú49Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€1997€Serious€Plan,€pp.€35„37. oÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú50Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€CAA€section€189ðð€applies€to€serious€area€PM„10€plans€because,€even€if€initially€theÐ e Ðplan€demonstrates€that€it€is€impracticable€to€attain€a€standard€by€2001,€the€plan€must€contain€anÏalternative€attainment€demonstration€under€section€188(e). 5Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú52Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Process€emissions€refer€to€conveyor€belts,€crushers,€stacks,€screening€equipment,Ð e Ðbagging€equipment,€etc.€but€do€not€include€area€sources€such€as€unpaved€roads€and€unpavedÏparking€areas. Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú53Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Note:€EPAððs€BACM€evaluation€considers€the€cumulative€impact€of€existing€controlÐ ° Ðmeasures,€including€measures€submitted€as€RACM€only.TABLE A ¬Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú54Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€A€SIP„approved€version€of€Rule€41€exists,€approved€by€EPA€on€7/24/79. ïÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú55Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€A€SIP„approved€version€of€Rule€17€exists,€approved€by€EPA€on€7/24/79,€withÐ ° Ðadditional€portions€approved€on€11/17/81. ùÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú56Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€CCHD€website€(http://www.cchd.org)€displays€a€1997€District„adopted€version€ofÐ ° ÐRule€17€that€has€not€been€submitted€to€EPA. Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú57Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€In€addition€to€the€boilerplate€requirements€found€on€the€CCHD€permit€form,€boilerplateÐ ° Ðrequirements€exist€for€demolition,€blasting€and€large€construction€sites.€These€were€not€submittedÏas€RACM€or€BACM€and€copies€were€not€included€in€the€Moderate€Area€SIP€or€Serious€AreaÏSIP. Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú58Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Construction€site€regulations€are€referenced€in€the€1994€BACM€Plan€(pg.€49)€and€aÐ ° Ðcopy€of€a€blank€permit€form€is€included€in€the€1997€Serious€Plan. ÜÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú59Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€The€Moderate€Area€SIP€and€Serious€Area€SIP€discuss€as€a€potential€control€strategyÐ ° Ðencouraging€limits€on€off„road€motor€vehicle€use€on€public€lands,€yet€do€not€suggest€that€limitsÏwere€adopted€as€RACM€or€BACM,€respectively.€This€measure€is€presented€as€RACM€forÏdisturbed€vacant€land€in€the€1994€BACM€Plan,€yet€the€Plan€does€not€discuss€off„road€racing. âÝ ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ X²ªXXXÔ€1997€Serious€Plan,€pp.35„37Ô#†XUXX X²ªe#ÔÔ‡fX-–XXXUÔ {Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú51Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔUSCE.,ÔÔ‡ XrûXXXÔ€Section€188(e)€further€provides:€ð ðIn€determining€whether€to€grant€an€extension,€and€theÐ e Ðappropriate€length€of€time€for€any€such€extension,€the€Administrator€may€consider€the€nature€andÏextent€of€nonattainment,€the€types€and€numbers€of€sources€or€other€emitting€activities€in€the€areaÏ(including€the€influence€of€uncontrollable€natural€sources€and€transboundary€emissions€fromÏforeign€countries),€the€population€exposed€to€concentrations€in€excess€of€the€standard,€theÏpresence€and€concentration€of€potentially€toxic€substances€in€the€mix€of€particulate€emissions€inÏthe€area,€and€the€technological€and€economic€feasibility€of€various€control€measures.ððÔ#†XåcXX Xrûx#ÔÔCE.,US.,fÔ ½Ý ƒ!M($ÝÔCEUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú51Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔUSCE.,ÔÔ‡îX²îXXXÔ€Section€188(e)€further€provides:€ð ðIn€determining€whether€to€grant€an€extension,€and€theÐ e Ðappropriate€length€of€time€for€any€such€extension,€the€Administrator€may€consider€the€nature€andÏextent€of€nonattainment,€the€types€and€numbers€of€sources€or€other€emitting€activities€in€the€areaÏ(including€the€influence€of€uncontrollable€natural€sources€and€transboundary€emissions€fromÏforeign€countries),€the€population€exposed€to€concentrations€in€excess€of€the€standard,€theÏpresence€and€concentration€of€potentially€toxic€substances€in€the€mix€of€particulate€emissions€inÏthe€area,€and€the€technological€and€economic€feasibility€of€various€control€measures.ððÔ#†ïX•;XX X²îx#ÔÔ‡ðXTh XXX•;ÔÔ#†ïX•;X X7XTha#ÔÔCE.,US.,fÔ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular<4šÛ 9Z ‹.Courier New RegularÝ ƒö\!ÝÔCEUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ X²ªXXXÔÑe°ÑÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ€]¦¸ÑÑ€~ïOÑÑ€‹OY%ÑÌÌÌÔ_Ôò òòòñ4pñDRAFTñ4pñóóó óÔ_ÔÌÌÌÌÌÔUSCE.,ÔÓ  ÓÖ€ÿÿÖà@‘ ‘ ìàUnited€States€Environmental€Protection€Agency,€Region€IXˆÌÌà@õõ$ìàAir€DivisionˆÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà@TTìàTechnical€Support€DocumentˆÌÌà@xx)ìàforˆÌÌà@€ € ìàò òEPA's€Notice€of€Proposed€DisapprovalˆÐ ɰ ÐÌà@ûû'ìàof€theˆÌÌÓjÓÓ  ÓLas€Vegas€Valley€PM„10€Moderate€and€Serious€Area€NonattainmentÔCE.,US.,ùÔÔUSCE.,Ô€Plansà @` àÌó óÓaÓÌà  àÔ_Ôñ5pñÔ_ÔÌÔ*…ƒW7 ddd Xdd Xdd X°(#°(#…ÔÔ,žtd ÔÔ,Ïtd ÔÔ,Ïtd ÔÔ,Ïtd ÔÔ,Ïtd ÔÔ,Ïtd ÔÔ,Ïtt ÔÔ+  ÔÐ 7€"" " Y @ €.€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„7ÐÔ‡ áDX XrûÔÔ#† áD=#ÔÔ‡YáDÔò òMAIL€CODEó óÐ 2€""#á È""  „„2ÐÐ 2€""#á È"" „„2ÐÐ 2€""#á È"" „„2ÐÐ 2€""#á È "" „„2ÐÐ 2€""#á È!"" „„2ÐÐ 6€"""#á È""" „„6ÐÐ P€"" ;#á È# ˆ . """ €.€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„PÐò òSURNAMEó óÐ 2€""# "ð$""  „„2ÐÐ 2€""# "ð%"" „„2ÐÐ 2€""# "ð&"" „„2ÐÐ 2€""# "ð'"" „„2ÐÐ 2€""# "ð("" „„2ÐÐ 6€"""# "ð)"" „„6ÐÐ P€""" ;# "ð* ˆ . """ €>€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„PÐò òDATEó óÐ 4€"""#1#+"""  „„4ÐÐ 4€"""#1#,""" „„4ÐÐ 4€"""#1#-""" „„4ÐÐ 4€"""#1#.""" „„4ÐÐ 4€"""#1#/""" „„4ÐÐ 6€""""#1#0""" „„6ÐÐ3)'1#1 ˆ >  """" 3ÐÔ#†YXrûXYáD³#ÔÔ‡Yô?~ õXYXrûÔò òU.S.€EPA€CONCURRENCESà€NN9(#àOFFICIAL€FILE€COPYó óÔ#†YXrûX õYô?~Ê #ÔÔ#†XåcXXYXrûõ#ÔÔ‡XX‹% XXXåcԈРá#È1 ÐÌÔ#†XåcX XXX‹%n #ÔÔCE.,US.,ÅÔÔUSCE.,ÔÔ‡ XrûXXXåcÔñ5pñà ` àà ¸ àà  àÌà@ìì*ìàˆÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÔCE.,US.,ÅÔÔUSCE.,Ô€Larry€BilandÔCE.,US.,y ÔÔUSCE.,Ôà @ àà @` àà @¸ àà @ àà @h àÔCE.,US.,² ÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌà @ àà @` àà @¸ àà @ àà @h àKaren€IrwinÔCE.,US., ÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌ€€€Scott€BohningÌÌÌà@@——#ìàÌÔCE.,US.,Ž ÔÖ€ìÖMay€31,€2000ÌÐ  ©*$' ÐÑ]¦¸Ñâ ]âÑÑÑ  ÑÑÀ°ÑÑ  Ñâ ]âÑ  Ñò òÌÌÓ  ÓÓ  ÓTABLE€OF€CONTENTSó óÐ Eà ÐÓ› Óà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð àPageÌÌI.€€INTRODUCTIONà ¸ àà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€4Ð  ° ÐÌII.€€BACKGROUND€ON€CLEAN€AIR€ACT€REQUIREMENTS€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€4¼à  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÌIII.€€PROPOSED€DISAPPROVAL€OF€RACM€AND€BACM€IN€THE€€ÌMODERATE€AND€SERIOUS€PM„10€NONATTAINMENT€AREA€SIPS€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€9ÌÌà  àA.€Summary€of€significant€sources€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€9¼à  àB.€Evaluation€criteria€of€SIP€measures€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€10Ìà  àC.€Summary€of€RACM/BACM€and€enforceability€deficiencies€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€10Ìà  àD.€Specific€discussion€of€deficiencies€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€11Ìà  àà ` à1.€Rule€41à  àà h à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€12Ð e Ðà  àà ` à2.€Unpaved€roads€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€14Ìà  àà ` à3.€Paved€roads€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€16Ìà  àà ` à4.€Construction€sites€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€16Ìà  àà ` à5.€Stationary€sources€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€22Ìà  àà ` à6.€Vacant€lots€and€unpaved€parking€lots€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€25Ìà  àà ` à7.€Woodburning€stoves€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€26Ìà  àà ` à8.€Off„road€racing€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€27ÌÌIV.€PROPOSED€DISAPPROVAL€€OF€THE€€EMISSION€INVENTORY,€ÌMODELING,€AND€ATTAINMENT€DEMONSTRATION€IN€THE€SERIOUS€ÌPM„10€NONATTAINMENT€AREA€SIP€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€27¼à  àÌà  àA.€€Emission€Inventory€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€27€Ìà  àB.€€Mobile€Source€Emissions€Budgetà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð à€€€29Ð …  Ѐ€€€€à  àC.€€Modeling€and€Attainment€Demonstration€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€29Ð u! Ðà  àà ` àÌV.€€PROPOSED€DISAPPROVAL€OF€REASONABLE€FURTHER€PROGRESS/€ÌQUANTITATIVE€MILESTONES€IN€THE€PM„10€MODERATE€AND€SERIOUSÏNONATTAINMENT€AREA€SIPS€€€€€€€à À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð à€€32Ð 5%Ð # ÐÌVI.€ADDITIONAL€DEFICIENCIES€€IN€THE€PM„10€SERIOUS€ÌNONATTAINMENT€AREA€SIP€€€€€€€à À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð à€€32Ð ( #& Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà  àA.€€Adequate€Personnel,€Funding,€and€Authority€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€32Ìà  àB.€ÔUSCE.,Ô€€Description€of€Enforcement€Methods€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€32ÔCE.,US.,ÙÔÌà  àC.€€€Contingency€Measures€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€33Ìà  àD.€€€Transportation€Conformity€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€33Ìà  àE.€€€€ÔUSCE.,ÔExtension€of€the€Attainment€Deadline€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€34ÔCE.,US.,†ÔÌÐ •.0*-ÿ ÐVII.€€€SUMMARY€OF€PROPOSED€ACTIONà  àà p à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€35Ð e ÐÌVIII.€€REFERENCESà ¸ à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€35Ð Eà ÐÌIX.€€ATTACHMENTSà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€36Ð  %À ÐÑ€ÑÑ8€UXXdìXXdì8Ñò òI.€€INTRODUCTIONó óÐ e ÐÌà  àÔUSCE.,ÔThis€Technical€Support€Document€for€EPA's€Notice€of€Proposed€DisapprovalÌof€the€Las€Vegas€Valley€PM„10€Nonattainment€Moderate€and€Serious€Area€SIPs€ò òó óÔCE.,US.,q ÔÔUSCE.,Ôaddresses:€Ð 5Ð ÐÌ1.à  àThe€PM„10€moderate€area€nonattainment€plan€titled€ð ðPM„10€Air€Quality€ImplementationÐ  ° ÐPlan,€Las€Vegas€Valley,€Clark€County,€Nevada,ððÔCE.,US.,7!ÔÔUSCE.,Ôò òó ó€ÔCE.,US.,."ÔÔUSCE.,Ôsubmitted€to€EPA€by€the€Nevada€StateÐ    ÐDepartment€of€Natural€Resources€and€ConservationÔCE.,US.,a"ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€on€December€6,€1991€(1991€Moderate€PlanÔCE.,US.,ö"ÔÔUSCE.,Ô)ÔCE.,US.,J#ÔÔUSCE.,Ô;ÌÔCE.,US.,w#ÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌ2.à  àA€€February€15,€1995€submittal€ofÔCE.,US.,¥#ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€an€ð ðAddendum€to€the€ððModerate€Areaðð€PM„10€StateÐ Õ p  ÐImplementation€Plan€for€the€Las€Vegas€Valleyðð€(1995€RACM€Addendum)ÔCE.,US.,$ÔÔUSCE.,Ô;ÌÌ3.à  àA€€BACM€analysis€plan€titled€ÔCE.,US.,À$ÔÔUSCE.,Ôð ðProviding€for€the€Evaluation,€Adoption€andÐ ¥@  ÐImplementation€of€Best€Available€Control€Measures€and€Best€Available€Control€Technology€toÏImprove€PM„10€Air€Quality,ððÔCE.,US.,%ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€submitted€on€December€6,€1994€(1994€BACM€PlanÔCE.,US.,&ÔÔUSCE.,Ô)ÔCE.,US.,\&ÔÔUSCE.,Ô;ÔCE.,US.,‰&ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€andÌÌ4.à  àThe€PM„10€serious€area€nonattainment€plan€ò òó ófor€the€Las€Vegas€ValleyÔCE.,US.,¶&ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€nonattainment€areaÐ e Ðtitled€ð ðParticulate€Matter€(PM„10)€Attainment€Demonstration€Plan,ððÔCE.,US.,>'ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€ÔCE.,US.,Ú'ÔšÔUSCE.,Ôsubmitted€to€EPA€on€AugustÏ25,€1997€(1997€Serious€PlanÔCE.,US.,(ÔÔUSCE.,Ô)ÔCE.,US.,j(ÔÔUSCE.,Ô.ÔCE.,US.,—(ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€€ÔCE.,US.,Ä(ÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌÔCE.,US.,ò(Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð àÌà  àThese€documents€are€also€listed€in€section€VIII€of€this€TSDÔUSCE.,Ô.Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ó€ò òÝ‚m6ºÿ *ƒÝó óÝ  ÝÔCE.,US.,÷)Ԁ݂m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óReferences€in€the€TSD€to€theÐ %À Ðð ðModerate€Area€SIPðð€encompass€both€the€1991€Moderate€Plan€and€1995€RACM€Addendum.ò òÝ‚m6ºÿp*ƒÝó óÝ  ÝÐ ° ÐReferences€to€the€ð ðSerious€Area€SIPðð€encompass€both€the€1997€Serious€Plan€and€the€1994ÏBACM€Plan.ÌÔUSCE.,ÔÌà  àThe€Clark€County€Department€of€Comprehensive€Planning€and€the€Clark€CountyÔCE.,US.,¿+ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€HealthÏDistrict€(collectively€ÔCE.,US.,B,Ôreferred€to€as€ð ðDistrictðð€throughout€this€documentÔUSCE.,Ô)€are€the€agenciesÏprimarily€responsible€for€controlling€PM„10€emissions€in€the€Las€Vegas€Valley.€€The€ClarkÏCounty€Department€of€Comprehensive€PlanningÔCE.,US.,Å,ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€is€responsible€for€the€development€of€the€SIP.€ÏThe€Clark€CountyÔCE.,US.,‰-ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€Health€DistrictÔCE.,US.,ö-ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€€is€responsible€for€ÔCE.,US.,2.ÔÔUSCE.,Ôdevelopment€of€rules€and€regulations,€airÏpermits,€enforcement,€and€air€monitoring.€€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óSome€existing€measures€are€in€place€to€addressÐ …  Ðfugitive€dust€emissions€in€the€Las€Vegas€Valley.ò òÝ‚m6ºÿÚ.ƒÝó óÝ  ݂݀m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óWe€believe€these€measures€demonstrate€goodÐ u! Ðfaith€efforts€of€the€District€to€control€dust.ò òÝ‚m6ºÿ˜/ƒÝó óÝ  Ý€The€District€currently€has€a€dust€control€permitÐ e"  Ðprogram€for€construction€activities€requiring€permitees€to€control€dust€at€all€times.€ÔCE.,US.,s.ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€€Furthermore,Ïthe€District€has€recently€taken€action€to€improve€the€effectiveness€of€dust€control€permits€byÏincreasing€the€minimum€monetary€penalties€for€violations€and€adding€a€requirement€that€all€on„¼site€supervisors€attend€a€dust€control€class.ÔCE.,US.,1ÔÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àÌÔUSCE.,Ôò òII.€BACKGROUND€ON€CLEAN€AIR€ACT€REQUIREMENTSó ó€Ð ( #& Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌòòDesignation€and€Classificationóóò òò òó óó óÐ å)€%( ÐÌà  àOn€the€date€of€enactment€of€the€1990€CAA€Amendments,€PM„10€areas,€including€the€LasÏVegas€ValleyÔCE.,US.,¥2ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€Planning€Area,€meeting€the€qualifications€of€section€107(d)(4)(B)€of€the€amendedÐ µ,P(+ ÐAct,€were€designated€nonattainment€by€operation€of€law.€€See€56€FR€11101€(March€15,€1991).€ÔCE.,US.,4ÔÔUSCE.,ÔÏThe€boundaries€of€the€Las€Vegas€ValleyÔCE.,US.,5ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€nonattainment€area€(Hydrologic€Unit€#212ÔCE.,US.,T5ÔÔUSCE.,Ô)€are€codifiedÏat€40€CFR€81.329.€ÌÌà  àOnce€an€area€is€designated€nonattainment,€section€188€of€the€CAA€outlines€the€processÏfor€classification€of€the€area€and€establishes€the€area's€attainment€deadline.€€In€accordance€withÏsection€188(a),€at€the€time€of€designation,€all€PM„10€nonattainment€areas,€including€the€LasÏVegas€ValleyÔCE.,US.,©5ÔÔUSCE.,Ô,€were€initially€classified€as€moderate€by€operation€of€law.€€Section€188(b)(1)€of€theÏAct€further€provides€that€moderate€areas€can€subsequently€be€reclassified€as€serious€before€theÏapplicable€moderate€area€attainment€date€if€at€any€time€EPA€determines€that€the€area€cannotÏ"practicably"€attain€the€PM„10€NAAQS€by€this€attainment€date.Ì€€ÌÒe°Òà  àNevada€submitted€a€moderate€area€PM„10€plan€for€the€Las€Vegas€ValleyÔCE.,US.,&7ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€on€December€6,Ï1991ÔCE.,US.,9ÔÔUSCE.,Ô.€€Based€on€this€submittal,€EPA€determined€on€January€8,€1993ÔCE.,US.,D9ÔÔUSCE.,Ô,€that€the€Las€Vegas€ValleyÔCE.,US.,­9ÔÔUSCE.,ÔÏcould€not€practicably€attain€the€24„hour€standardò ò€ó óby€the€applicable€attainment€deadline€forÐ …  Ðmoderate€areas€(December€31,€1994,€per€section€188(c)(1)€of€the€Act),€and€reclassified€the€LasÏVegas€ValleyÔCE.,US.,ô9ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€under€section€188(b)(1)€as€serious€(58€FR€3334)ò òò òó óó ó.€€In€accordance€with€sectionÐ e Ð189(b)(2)€of€the€Act,€the€State€was€required€to€submit€ÔCE.,US.,;ÔÔUSCE.,Ôby€August€8,€1994€a€SIP€revision€assuringÏthe€implementation€of€BACM€by€February€8,€1997,€and€a€new€attainment€demonstration€byÏFebruary€8,€1997.ÌÔCE.,US.,Ó;ÔòòÌModerate€Area€Planning€RequirementsóóÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€air€quality€planning€requirements€for€PM-10€nonattainment€areas€are€set€out€inÏsubparts€1€and€4€of€title€I€of€the€Clean€Air€Act.€EPA€has€issued€a€``General€Preamble''׃y×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€describingÐ å€ ÐEPA's€preliminary€views€on€how€the€Agency€intends€to€review€SIPs€and€SIP€revisions€submittedÏunder€Title€I€of€the€Act,€including€those€state€submittals€containing€moderate€PM-10Ïnonattainment€area€SIP€provisions.ÌÌà  àThose€states€containing€initial€moderate€PM-10€nonattainment€areas€were€required€toÏsubmit,€among€other€things,€the€following€provisions€by€November€15,€1991:ÌÌ€à0  à(a)€Provisions€to€assure€that€reasonably€available€control€measures€(RACM)€(includingÐ e"  Ðsuch€reductions€in€emissions€from€existing€sources€in€the€area€as€may€be€obtained€throughÏthe€adoption,€at€a€minimum,€of€reasonably€available€control€technology€(RACT))€shall€beÏimplemented€no€later€than€December€10,€1993€(CAA€sections€172(c)(1)€and€189(a)(1)(C));Ð s#s# Ѐà0  àÐ%&À!$s#s# Ðà0  à(b)€Provisions€to€assure€implementation€of€RACT€on€major€stationary€sources€of€PM-10Ïprecursors€except€where€EPA€has€determined€that€such€sources€do€not€contributeÐ ( #& Ðsignificantly€to€exceedances€of€the€PM-10€standards€(CAA€section€189(e));Ð s#s# Ðà0  àà ° àà  àÐ s#s# Ðà0  àðð€Either€a€demonstration€(including€air€quality€modeling)€that€the€plan€will€provide€forÏattainment€as€expeditiously€as€practicable€but€no€later€than€December€31,€1994€or€aÏdemonstration€that€attainment€by€that€date€is€impracticable€(CAA€sections€188(c)(1)€andÏ189(a)(1)(B));Ð s#s# Ðà0  àÐ s#s# Ѐà0  àà ° àà0s#s#àà ° àà0s#s#à(d)€For€plan€revisions€demonstrating€attainment,€quantitative€milestones€which€are€to€beÐ õ  Ðachieved€every€3€years€and€which€demonstrate€reasonable€further€progress€(RFP)€towardÏattainment€by€December€31,1994€(CAA€section€189(c));€andÐ s#s# Ðà0  àà ° àà  àÐ s#s# Ðà0  à(e)€For€plan€revisions€demonstrating€impracticability,€such€annual€incremental€reductionsÏin€PM-10€emissions€as€are€required€by€part€D€of€the€Act€or€may€reasonably€be€required€byÏthe€Administrator€for€the€purpose€of€ensuring€attainment€of€the€PM-10€NAAQS€by€theÏapplicable€attainment€date€(CAA€sections€172(c)(2)€and€171(1)).Ð s#s# ÐÌà  àModerate€area€plans€were€also€required€to€meet€the€generally€applicable€SIP€requirementsÏfor€reasonable€notice€and€public€hearing€under€section€110(l),€necessary€assurances€that€theÏimplementing€agencies€have€adequate€personnel,€funding€and€authority€under€sectionÏ110(a)(2)(E)(I)€and€40€CFR€51.280;€and€a€description€of€enforcement€methods€as€required€by€40ÏCFR€51.111,€and€EPA€guidance€implementing€these€sections.ÌÌòòSerious€Area€Planning€RequirementsóóÐ   ÐÌà  àEPA€has€issued€an€Addendum€to€the€General€Preamble€(Addendum)€describing€theÏAgency's€preliminary€views€on€how€it€intends€to€review€SIPs€and€SIP€revisions€containing€seriousÏarea€plan€provisions.׃{×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð Å` ÐÌà  àModerate€PM-10€areas€that€have€been€reclassified€to€serious,€such€as€the€Las€Vegas€ValleyÏarea,€in€addition€to€meeting€the€moderate€area€requirements€outlined€above,€must€submit€a€planÏthat€includes€provisions€addressing€additional€requirements.€The€additional€serious€areaÏrequirements€that€are€relevant€to€this€proposed€action€include:ÌÌà0  àà ° àà  à(a)€€Provisions€to€assure€that€the€best€available€control€measures€(BACM)€(including€suchÏreductions€in€emissions€from€existing€sources€in€the€area€as€may€be€obtained€through€theÏadoption,€at€a€minimum,€of€best€available€control€technology€(BACT))€for€the€control€ofÏPM-10€shall€be€implemented€no€later€than€4€years€after€the€area€is€reclassified€(CAAÏsection€189(b)(1)(B));Ð'°"%s#s# Ї€à0  à(b)€€Provisions€to€assure€implementation€of€BACT€on€major€stationary€sources€of€PM-10Ð e Ðprecursors€except€where€EPA€has€determined€that€such€sources€do€not€contributeÏsignificantly€to€exceedances€of€the€PM-10€standards€(CAA€section€189(e));Ð s#s# ÐÌ€à0  àðð€ÔUSCE.,Ô€A€demonstration€(including€a€complete€emissions€inventory€and€air€quality€modeling)Ð %À Ðand€that€the€plan€provides€for€attainment€of€the€PM„10€standards€by€December€31,€2001,Ïor€for€any€area€seeking€an€extension€of€that€date,€a€demonstration€that€attainment€by€2001Ïis€impracticable€and€a€demonstration€of€attainment€by€the€most€expeditious€alternativeÏdate€practicable€(CAA€sections€188(c)(2)€and€189(b)(1)(A))ÔCE.,US.,rNÔ;€andÐ s#s# Ðà0  àà ° àà  àÐ s#s# Ðà0  à(d)€€Quantitative€milestones€which€are€to€be€achieved€every€3€years€and€which€demonstrateÏRFP€toward€attainment€by€the€applicable€attainment€date€(CAA€section€189(c)).Ð s#s# ÐÌà  àAs€discussed€above€in€connection€with€the€moderate€area€plan€requirements,€SIPsÏsubmitted€to€meet€the€CAA's€serious€area€requirements€must€conform€to€the€general€requirementsÏapplicable€to€all€SIPs.ÔUSCE.,ÔÌÌòòRACM/BACM€DemonstrationóóÐ Uð ЀÌà  àSections€172(c)(1)€and€189(a)(1)(C)€read€together€require€that€moderate€area€PM-10€SIPsÏinclude€RACM€and€RACT€for€existing€major€sources€of€PM-10.€These€SIPs€were€to€provide€forÏimplementation€of€RACM/RACT€no€later€than€December€10,€1993.€Since€the€moderate€areaÏdeadline€for€the€implementation€of€RACM/RACT€has€passed,€EPA€has€concluded€that€theÏRACM/RACT€required€in€the€State's€moderate€plan€must€be€implemented€as€soon€as€possible.ÏòòDelaney€v.€EPAóó,€898€F.2d€687,€691€(9th€Cir.€1990).€€ÔCE.,US.,>RÔEPA€has€interpreted€this€requirement€to€beÐ å€ Ð"as€soon€as€practicable."€€63€FR€15920,€15926€(Apr.€1,€1998).ÔUSCE.,ÔÌÌà  àThe€methodology€for€determining€RACM/RACT€is€described€in€detail€in€the€GeneralÏPreamble.€57€FR€at€13540-13541.€In€summary,€EPA€suggests€starting€to€define€RACM€with€theÏlist€of€available€control€measures€for€fugitive€dust,€residential€wood€combustion,€and€prescribedÏburning€contained€in€Appendices€C1,€C2,€and€C3€of€the€General€Preamble€and€adding€to€this€listÏany€additional€control€measures€proposed€and€documented€in€public€comments.€The€state€can€thenÏcull€from€the€list€any€measures€for€insignificant€emission€sources€of€PM-10€and€any€measures€thatÏare€unreasonable€for€technological€or€economic€reasons.€ÌÌà  àThe€General€Preamble€does€not€define€insignificant€except€to€say€that€it€would€beÏunreasonable€to€apply€controls€to€sources€that€are€negligible€(''ÔCE.,US.,UÔÔUSCE.,Ôde€minimis'')€contributors€toÏambient€concentrations.€However,€in€its€serious€area€plan€guidance,€EPA€does€establish€aÏpresumption,€for€use€in€BACM€determinations,€that€a€''ÔCE.,US.,UXÔÔUSCE.,Ôsignificant''€source€category€is€one€thatÏcontributes€1€ððg/mòò3óó€or€more€of€PM„10€to€a€location€of€annual€violation€and€5€ððg/mòò3€óóto€a€locationÐ õ($' Ðof€24„hour€violationÔCE.,US.,.YÔòòóóÔUSCE.,Ô.€ÔCE.,US.,%ZÔÔUSCE.,ÔAddendum€at€42011.€EPA€has€also€used€this€same€definition€to€defineÐ å)€%( Ðsignificant€in€determining€which€source€categories€require€the€application€of€RACM.€€See€63€FRÏ41326,€41331€(Aug.€3,€1998).€€However,€whether€the€significance€threshold€should€be€lower€inÏany€particular€area€depends€upon€the€specific€facts€of€that€areaððs€nonattainment€problem.Ð µ,P(+ Їà  àFor€any€RACM€that€are€rejected€by€the€state,€the€plan€must€provide€a€reasonedÏjustification€for€the€rejection.€Once€the€final€list€of€RACM€is€defined,€each€RACM€must€beÏconverted€into€a€legally€enforceable€vehicle€such€as€a€rule,€permit,€or€other€enforceable€document.ÏGeneral€Preamble€at€13541.ÌÌà  àUnder€section€189(b)(2),€for€moderate€areas€that€have€been€reclassified€as€serious,€the€stateÏmust€submit€BACM€18€months€after€reclassification,€i.e.,ò òó ó€August€8,€1994€for€the€Las€VegasÐ    ÐValley€area,€and€must€implement€those€measures€four€years€after€reclassification,€i.e.,€by€FebruaryÏ8,€1997ÔCE.,US.,SZÔÔUSCE.,Ô.€€ÔCE.,US.,ƒ^ÔÔUSCE.,ÔAs€with€the€RACM/RACT€implementation€deadline,€the€BACM/BACT€deadline€has€Ïpassed.€€Therefore€BACM/BACT€must€now€be€implemented€as€soon€as€practicable.šÔCE.,US.,²^ÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌÌà  àBACM€is€defined€as€the€''ÔCE.,US.,v_ÔÔUSCE.,Ômaximum€degree€of€emission€reduction€of€PM-10€and€PM-10Ïprecursors€from€a€[significant]€source€[category]€which€is€determined€on€a€case-by-case€basis,Ïtaking€into€account€energy,€environmental,€and€economic€impacts€and€other€costs,€to€beÏachievable€for€such€sources€through€application€of€production€processes€and€available€methods,Ïsystems,€and€techniques€*€*€*.''€Addendum€at€42010.€BACM/BACT€must€be€determined€andÏdocumented€consistent€with€the€Addendum€(59€FR€at€42012-14)€and€must€be€applied,€at€aÏminimum,€to€each€significant€source€or€source€category.€Addendum€at€42010ÔCE.,US.,É_Ô.ÌÌà  àThe€state€must€document€its€selection€of€BACM€by€showing€what€control€measuresÏapplicable€to€each€significant€source€category€were€considered.€See€Addendum€at€42014.€BACMÏshould€go€beyond€existing€RACM€controls€and€can€include€expanded€use€of€RACM€controlsÏ(e.g.,€paving€more€miles€of€unpaved€roads).€Addendum€at€42013.€Additionally,€BACM€shouldÏemphasize€prevention€of€PM-10€emissions€over€remediation€where€possible.€Addendum€at€42013.ÏÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óThe€stringency€of€BACM€may€differ€among€serious€PM„10€nonattainment€areas€depending€on€theÐ å€ Ðcontribution€of€sources€to€the€PM„10€emissions€inventory€and€other€local€factors.€According€toÏEPAððs€BACM€guidance€for€serious€PM„10€nonattainment€areas,€the€word€ð ðbestðð€implies€that€thereÏshould€be€a€greater€emphasis€on€the€merits€of€the€measure€or€technology€alone€and€less€flexibilityÏin€considering€other€factors.€€Addendum€at€42011.ò òÝ‚m6ºÿûcon€oÝó óÝ  ÝÐ ¥@ ÐÌòòRFP/Quantitative€Milestonesóó€Ð …  ÐÌà  àBoth€PM-10€moderate€and€serious€area€nonattainment€SIPs€demonstrating€attainment€mustÏinclude€quantitative€milestones€to€be€achieved€every€three€years€until€the€area€is€designatedÏattainment€and€must€demonstrate€RFP€toward€attainment€by€the€applicable€date.€CAA€sectionÏ189(c)(1).€€Moderate€area€plans€demonstrating€impracticability€must€include€annual€incrementalÏreductions€in€PM-10€emissions€as€are€required€by€part€D€of€the€Act€or€may€reasonably€be€requiredÏby€the€Administrator€for€the€purpose€of€ensuring€attainment€of€the€PM-10€NAAQS€by€theÏapplicable€attainment€date.€CAA€sections€172(c)(2)€and€171(1).€ÔUSCE.,ÔEPA€has€addressed€theseÏrequirements€in€several€guidance€documents.€See€the€General€Preamble€at€13539,€the€AddendumÏat€42015-42017,€and€the€memorandum€from€Sally€Shaver,€EPA,€to€EPA€Division€Directors,Ï''ÔCE.,US.,ËhÔÔUSCE.,ÔCriteria€for€Granting€1-Year€Extensions€of€Moderate€PM-10€Nonattainment€Area€AttainmentÏDates,€Making€Attainment€Determinations,€and€Reporting€on€Quantitative€Milestones,''ÏNovember€14,€1994€(Shaver€memorandum).€€Of€these€guidance€documents,€the€mostÐ µ,P(+ Ðcomprehensive€is€the€Addendum€which€discusses€both€the€RFP€annual€incremental€reductionÏrequirement€and€the€appropriate€interpretation€of€the€milestone€requirement€as€it€relates€toÏmoderate€areas€that€have€been€reclassified€to€serious.€€EPA€has€considerable€discretion€inÏreviewing€the€SIP€to€determine€whether€the€annual€incremental€emission€reductions€to€beÏachieved€are€reasonable€in€light€of€the€statutory€objective€of€timely€attainment.€Addendum€atÏ42015„42016.€ÌÌà  àWith€respect€to€the€quantitative€milestone€requirement,€for€initial€moderate€areas,€EPAÏconcluded€that€the€SIP€should€initially€address€at€least€two€milestones€and€that€the€starting€pointÏfor€the€first€3-year€period€would€be€the€SIP€submittal€due€date,€i.e.€November€15,€1991.€EPAÏfurther€concluded€that€since€the€time€lag€between€that€date€and€the€December€31,€1994€attainmentÏdeadline€was€de€minimis,€emission€reduction€progress€made€between€the€submittal€date€andÏDecember€31,€1994€would€satisfy€the€first€milestone.€The€second€milestone€to€be€addressed€byÏthese€initial€moderate€area€SIPs€was€November€15,€1997.€General€Preamble€at€131539,ÏAddendum€at€42016,€and€Shaver€memorandum.€€For€moderate€areas€that€are€reclassified€asÏserious,€the€third€milestone€achievement€date€is€November€15,€2000.€Addendum€at€42016.€TheÏquantitative€milestones€should€consist€of€elements€that€allow€progress€to€be€quantified€orÏmeasured,€e.g.,€percent€compliance€with€implemented€control€measures.€Addendum€at€42016.ÌÌà  àEPA€will€assess€whether€an€area€has€achieved€RFP€in€conjunction€with€determiningÏcompliance€with€the€quantitative€milestone€requirement.€Thus€a€state€should€address€complianceÏwith€both€requirements€in€its€RFP/milestone€reports.€The€contents€of€these€reports€is€discussed€inÏthe€General€Preamble,€its€Addendum,€and€the€Shaver€memorandum.ÔCE.,US.,ÃiÔÔUSCE.,Ôà  àÔCE.,US.,'rÔÐ   ÐÌò òIII.€€PROPOSED€DISAPPROVAL€OF€RACM€AND€BACM€IN€THE€MODERATE€ANDÐ å€ ÐSERIOUS€PM„10€NONATTAINMENT€AREA€SIPSÔUSCE.,Ôà p àó óÐ Õp ÐÝ‚l8ºÿÝò òÝ  ÝÝ‚l8º'sÝÝ  ÝÔCE.,US.,ñrÔ݃l8º'sEs݌̌ó óÝ  ÝÝ‚l8ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óÝ‚l8º¥sÝÝ  ÝòòA.€Summary€of€significant€sourcesóó݃l¥sÆs݌РµP ÐŒñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ýà  àÌÝ‚l8ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óà  àÝ‚l8º^tÝÝ  ÝÔUSCE.,ÔIn€the€1997€Serious€Plan,€theÔCE.,US.,©tÔÔUSCE.,Ô€significant€sources€forÔCE.,US.,òtÔÔUSCE.,Ô€the€24„hour€standard€were€found€to€beÐ •0 Ðconstruction€activities€which€contribute€48.5%€of€the€PM„10€emissionsÔCE.,US.,6uÔÔUSCE.,Ô,€disturbed€vacant€landÏwith€30.9%,€and€natural€sources€with€14%€of€the€totalÔCE.,US.,âuÔÔUSCE.,Ô.€€The€total€for€these€three€sources€is€93.4%.ÔCE.,US.,[vÔÔUSCE.,ÔÏÔCE.,US.,µvÔÔUSCE.,ÔThe€significant€sources€forÔCE.,US.,âvÔÔUSCE.,Ô€the€annual€standard€were€found€to€be€construction€activities€whichÏcontribute€42.6%ÔCE.,US.,)wÔÔUSCE.,Ô.€Paved€and€unpaved€road€dust€contributesÔCE.,US.,©wÔÔUSCE.,Ô€11.1%,€disturbed€vacant€landÏ(including€fugitive€dust€from€off„road€racing)€with€6.4%,€ÔCE.,US.,þwÔÔUSCE.,ÔandÔCE.,US.,‚xÔÔUSCE.,Ô€natural€sources€with€36.2%€of€theÏtotalÔCE.,US.,±xÔÔUSCE.,Ô.׃-×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€total€for€these€four€sources€is€96.3%ÔCE.,US.,yÔÔUSCE.,Ô.׃Å|×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ÔCE.,US.,°yÔÔUSCE.,Ô€ÔCE.,US.,0zÔ€The€1997€Serious€Plan€asserts€that€PM„10Ð 5%Ð # Ðemissions€from€airport€activities,€agricultural€activities,€various€cooking€methods,€off„road€vehicleÏexhaust,€and€lawn€care€equipment€are€de€minimis׃4×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.݃l^t‹t݌Р'°"% ÐŒñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  ÝÝ‚l8ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚l8ºÊ{ÝÝ  Ý݃l8ºÊ{ô{݌̌ó óÝ  ÝÝ‚l8ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óÔUSCE.,ÔÝ‚l8º:|ÝÝ  ÝòòB.€Evaluation€of€SIP€measuresóó݃l:|m|݌РUð ÐŒñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  ÝÌà  àFor€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ósignificant€sourcesÝ‚mÿ}M-10Ýñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý,€EPA€has€evaluated€existing€rules€and€control€measures€withÐ 5Ð Ðrespect€to€their€stringency€under€RACM€and€BACM€guidelines€and€enforceability€criteria.€ÌÌÝ‚l8ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óà  àÝ‚l8º~ÝÝ  ÝIn€determining€the€approvability€of€a€rule,€EPA€must€evaluate€the€rule€for€consistency€withÐ    Ðthe€requirements€of€the€CAA€and€EPA€regulations,€as€found€in€section€110€and€part€D€of€the€CAAÏand€40€CFR€part€51€(Requirements€for€Preparation,€Adoption,€and€Submittal€of€ImplementationÏPlans).€EPA€must€also€ensure€that€rules€are€enforceable.€ÔCE.,US.,[|ÔÔUSCE.,ÔIn€order€for€EPA€to€approve€the€SIPÏrevision,€EPA€must€determine€that€the€rule€complies€with€CAA€section€110(l).€€Section€110(l)Ïstates€that€the€"Administrator€shall€not€approve€a€revision€of€a€plan€if€the€revision€would€interfereÏwith€any€applicable€requirement€concerning€attainment€and€reasonable€further€progress€...€or€anyÏother€applicable€requirement€of€[the€Clean€Air]€Act.ðð݃l~A~݌̌ñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ýà  à€ÔCE.,US.,ÝÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌÔCE.,US.,ÈÔÔUSCE.,Ôà  àThe€rules€and€other€control€measures€currently€applicable€in€the€Las€Vegas€Valley€wereÏevaluated€for€consistency€with€the€Clean€Air€Act€and€EPA€rulemaking€policy€as€outlined€in€theÏdocument€entitled€"Issues€Relating€to€VOC€Regulation€Cutpoints,€Deficiencies,€and€Deviations:ÏClarification€to€Appendix€D€of€November€24,€1987€Federal€Register",€May€25,€1988€(the€ð ðBlueÏBookðð).€They€were€also€evaluated€against€the€technical€guidance€document€entitled€ð ðFugitiveÏDust€Background€Document€and€Technical€Information€Document€for€Best€Available€ControlÏMeasuresðð€(EPA„450/2„92„004),€September€1992€and€the€Addendum.€Finally,€EPA€consideredÏthe€general€applicability€of€recently€published€practices€and€test€methods€for€controlling€certainÏopen€fugitive€dust€sources€(63€FR€41326„41356,€August€3,€1998€and€64€FR€3263„3271,€JanuaryÏ21,€1999)€and€existing€fugitive€dust€controls€in€other€serious€PM„10€nonattainment€areas.ÌÔCE.,US.,õÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌÔCE.,US.,Ê…ÔòòC.€Summary€of€RACM/BACM€and€enforceability€deficienciesóóÐ Å` ÐÌÔUSCE.,Ôà  àÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óEPA€has€determined€that,€collectively,€the€submittedÔCE.,US.,J†ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€rules,€ordinances,€permits€and€otherÐ ¥@ Ðmeasures€in€the€Las€Vegas€Moderate€Area€SIP€and€Serious€Area€SIP€do€not€meet€the€CAAððsÏRACM/BACM€requirements€for€any€significant€source€or€source€category€for€either€the€annual€orÏ24„hour€standard,€and€certain€submittals€also€do€not€meet€EPAððs€enforceability€criteria.€ÏTherefore,€Ý‚mÿh†M-10Ýñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  ÝÔCE.,US.,׆ÔÔUSCE.,ÔEPA€is€€proposing€to€disapprove,€based€on€the€following€deficiencies,€theÏRACM/BACM€demonstrations€in€the€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óModerate€Area€SIP€and€Serious€Area€SIPÝ‚mÿ ‰M-10Ýñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý:Ð U#ð! ÐÌÓL€ Éh3LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ã‰ÝÔ2ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝFailure€to€demonstrate€that€the€control€measures€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óin€the€SIPs€constituteÝ‚mÿ…ŠM-10Ýñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€RACM/BACM€forÐ 5%Ð # Ðsignificant€sources.€€EPA€finds€that€the€submitted€measures€are€not€comprehensive€enoughÏto€provide€for€the€implementation€of€RACM/BACM.ÔCE.,US.,ˆÔÔUSCE.,Ԁ݂m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óAttachment€1€to€this€TSD€lists€theÐ '°"% Ðmeasures€submitted€in€the€Moderate€Area€SIP€and€Serious€Area€SIP,€along€with€a€briefÏdescription€of€each€measure.€Attachment€2€to€this€TSD€indicates,€in€a€table€format,Ïwhether€the€measures€were€submitted€as€RACM,€BACM,€or€neither.Ý‚mÿÄ‹pproÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý݃3£ã‰ŠÝŒÐ s#s# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£oÝÔ2ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝÔCE.,US.,±‹ÔÔUSCE.,ÔFailure€to€provide€an€adequate€justification€for€available€control€measures€not€beingÐ Å+`'* Ðimplemented.€EPAððs€RACM€guidance€indicates€that€SIP€submittals€should€contain€aÐ µ,P(+ Ðreasoned€justification€for€partial€or€full€rejection€of€any€available€control€measures.׃\×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð e ÐSimilar€principles€apply€to€consideration€of€BACM.€€ÔCE.,US.,úÔÔUSCE.,Ô݃3£ošÝŒÐ s#s# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÔCE.,US.,êÔÔUSCE.,ÔÓL€ ÉhhLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£°ÝÔ2ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝLack€of€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ósufficiently€stringentÝ‚mÿ)‘pproÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€controls€in€some€submitted€measures.€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óCertain€requirementsÐ 5Ð Ð(or€lack€thereof)€in€rules,€ordinances,€or€permits€Ý‚mÿ¶‘pproÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  ÝÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó órequire€further€stringency€to€representÝ‚mÿc’pproÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  ÝÐ %À ÐRACM/BACM,€and/or€have€not€been€properly€justified€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óby€the€District€as€supportingÝ‚mÿ#“pproÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€aÐ  ° ÐRACM/BACM€level€of€control.݃3£°Û݌Рs#s# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÔCE.,US.,RÔÒeÒÔUSCE.,ÔÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£9”ÝÔ2ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝFailure€of€certain€measures€to€be€fully€enforceable.€On€a€macro„scale,€this€encompasses€theÐ å € Ðconcern€that€important€control€measures€have€not€been€submitted€to€EPA€in€a€format€thatÏcan€be€approved€into€the€SIP€and€enforced€as€such.€On€a€micro„scale,€ñ6pñcertain€standardsñ6pññ6pñÔ#†XUXX X²ª=#ÔÔ‡ðXs XXXUÔvague€languageÔ#†XUX XðXsú•#ÔÔCE.,US.,'”ÔÔUSCE.,ÔÔ‡ X²ªXXXUÔñ6pñÐ Å `  Ðor€the€absence€of€appropriate€standards€in€permits,€rules€or€ordinances€makes€them€difficultÏto€enforce€in€an€equitable,€repeatable,€accurate€and€practical€manner€to€achieve€emissionÏreductions.€This,€in€turn,€lessens€the€ability€of€the€control€measures€to€result€in€aÏRACM/BACM€level€of€control.݃3£9”d”݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£˜ÝÔ2ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝFailure€to€demonstrate€that€RACT/BACT€for€stationary€sources€is€being€implemented.݃3£˜>˜ÝŒÐe¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÔCE.,US.,d–ÔÔUSCE.,Ôà  àÔCE.,US.,4™ÔThe€BACM€deficiencies€summarized€in€the€preceding€paragraphs€reflect€that€the€discussionÏof€BACM€in€the€Serious€Area€SIP€is€limited€and€does€not€show€that€the€adopted€PM„10€controlÏmeasures€for€any€significant€source€category€collectively€meet€the€CAAððs€BACM€requirements.ÔUSCE.,Ô€ÏÔCE.,US.,šÔÔUSCE.,ÔÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óThe€1997€Serious€Plan€contends€thatÝ‚mÿ¿špproÝñ6pñó óñ6pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€limitations€ÔCE.,US.,­šÔÔUSCE.,Ôin€the€accuracy€of€PM„10€emission€inventories€andÐ ° Ðthe€lack€of€specific€information€on€control€efficiencies€preclude€a€meaningful€application€of€theÏprocedures€for€determining€BACM.׃“|×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€However,€EPA€does€not€view€this€statement€as€an€adequateÐ õ Ðreason€for€failure€to€implement€BACM.€€Furthermore,€general€estimates€of€control€efficiencies€areÏavailable׃”0×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€are€not€required€to€be€exact€in€order€to€evaluate€whether€a€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ócandidate€or€adoptedÝ‚mÿâpproÝñ6pñó óñ6pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  ÝÐ Õp Ðmeasure€represents€a€€BACM€level€of€control.€Clark€County€did€submit€to€EPA€a€1994€BACMÏPlan.€However,€this€document€contains€little€information€as€to€whether€or€how€the€controlÏmeasures€in€the€Las€Vegas€Valley€represent€a€BACM€level€of€control.ÔCE.,US.,g›ÔÌÌòòD.€Specific€discussion€of€deficienciesóóÐ …  Ðà  àÌÔUSCE.,Ôà  àThis€evaluation€highlights€areas€where€the€rules€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óand€otherÝ‚mÿ pproÝñ6pñó óñ6pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€measures€need€to€be€revised€inÐ e"  Ðorder€to€meet€the€applicable€CAA€requirements.ÔCE.,US.,ÈŸÔÔUSCE.,Ô€In€some€cases,€the€most€recent€version€of€permitÏrequirements€or€rules€was€not€submitted€to€EPA€with€the€Serious€Area€SIP,€or€further€revisionsÐ E$à" Ðhave€been€adopted€since€the€Serious€Area€SIP€submittal.Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ó€Since€the€same€types€of€deficienciesÐ e Ðidentified€by€EPA€in€the€Moderate€Area€SIP€and€Serious€Area€SIP€submittals€exist€in€newerÏversions€of€these€documents€as€wellÝ‚mÿè¡pproÝñ6pñó óñ6pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý,€where€possible,€EPAððs€evaluation€corresponds€to€the€mostÏrecent€versions€of€permits€and€rules€in€order€to€provide€comments€that€will€be€more€directly€usefulÏin€the€Districtððs€efforts€to€address€this€proposed€disapproval€action׃Z×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.€Included€as€attachments€areÐ %À Ðcopies€of€all€of€the€rules,€permits€and€ordinances€upon€which€EPAððs€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óspecificÝ‚mÿ³¤pproÝñ6pñó óñ6pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€comments€are€based.Ð  ° ÐÌò òÔCE.,US.,ú Ô1.€Rule€41ó óÐ õ  ÐÌà  àRule€41€establishes€basic€standards€of€fugitive€dust€control€for€a€variety€of€sources,Ïincluding€dust€from€construction€site€activities.€Although€construction€site€grading€and€trenchingÏpermits€contain€various€specific€requirements,€the€standards€by€which€to€gauge€source€complianceÏwith€several€of€these€requirements€exist€in€Rule€41.€Thus,€Rule€41€is€an€important€element€ofÏimplementing€RACM/BACM€for€significant€fugitive€dust€sources.ÌÌà  àThe€following€comments€are€based€on€Rule€41€as€revised€on€June€25,€1992.€ÌÌòòSection€41.1.1€and€41.1.1.1ó󀄀require€that€reasonable€precautions€be€taken€to€abate€fugitive€dustÐ Uð Ðfrom€becoming€airborne.€Examples€of€reasonable€precautions€are€given€in€Section€41.1.1,€alongÏwith€a€statement€that€such€precautions€must€provide€satisfactory€results.€Section€41.1.1.1€givesÏthree€specific€examples€of€fugitive€dust€becoming€airborne,€which€in€effect,€establish€the€ruleððsÏstandards€of€compliance.€ÌÌÓL€ $0ÉhhLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£¥©ÝÔ20ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€text€in€Section€41.1.1€does€not€meet€EPAððs€enforceability€criteria€because€it€does€notÐ õ Ðestablish€any€standards€by€which€to€gauge€source€compliance€with€implementation€ofÏreasonable€precautions.€This€section€contains€Executive€Officer€discretion€as€to€whenÏmeasures€have€accomplished€ð ðsatisfactoryðð€results.€EPA€considers€Executive€OfficerÏdiscretion€a€violation€of€Clean€Air€Act€section€110(a)(2)(A).݃3£¥©Ð©ÝŒÐ ¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£¬ÝÔ20ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝSection€41.1.1.1€lists€three€examples€of€fugitive€dust€becoming€airborne.€Labelling€theÐ •0 Ðstandards€in€this€section€as€ð ðexamplesðð€allows€interpretation€as€to€when€a€source€is€inÏviolation€of€the€rule,€which€may€hinder€rule€enforceability.€The€term€ð ðexamplesðð€should€beÏeliminated€and€definite€standards€for€sources€adopted.݃3£¬.¬ÝŒÐ ¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÓL€ %@Éhh$LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£]®ÝÔ2@ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€three€example€standards€listed€in€Section€41.1.1.1€apply€to€construction€activities,Ð E$à" Ðunpaved€haul€roads€at€construction€sites,€and€trackout€adjacent€to€construction€sites,Ïrespectively.€However,€non„construction€sources€of€fugitive€dust€are€included€among€theÏsources€to€which€Rule€41€applies.€Thus,€notwithstanding€EPAððs€comments€concerning€theÏenforceability€of€the€standards€listed€in€Section€41.1.1.1,€the€rule€does€not€contain€standardsÐ ( #& Ðby€which€to€gauge€an€appropriate€level€of€dust€control€for€fugitive€dust€sources€not€relatedÏto€construction.݃3£]®ˆ®ÝŒÐ ¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£`±ÝÔ2@ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€term€ð ðconstructionðð€is€not€defined€in€the€rule,€such€that€it€may€be€unclear€whichÐ 5Ð Ðactivities€causing€dust€on€a€construction€site€are€required€to€meet€the€standards€in€SectionÏ41.1.1.1.݃3£`±‹±ÝŒÐ ¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓL€ c!hh%LÓÌÓL€ c!hhcLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£{³ÝÔ2!Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€standard€established€in€41.1.1.1.(a)€for€construction€activities€requires€that€visible€dustÐ õ  Ðplumes€remain€within€a€100„yard€distance€from€the€point€of€origin€or€the€nearest€propertyÏline,€whichever€is€less.€A€BACM€demonstration€is€needed€to€justify€why€a€100„yard€limitÏor€property€line€limit€for€visible€emissions€is€sufficiently€protective€absent€other€standards.ÏÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óWind€gusts€and€atmospheric€mixing€could€disperse€a€dust€plume€before€it€reaches€100Ð µP  Ðyards,€such€that€in€some€cases,€compliance€with€the€standard€may€not€reflect€whether€aÏsignificant€quantity€of€fugitive€dust€is€being€released.€ò òÝ‚m6ºÿrµ€cerÝó óÝ  ÝAlso,€it€is€unclear€how€to€determineÐ •0  Ðwhether€a€source€is€in€violation,€as€the€rule€lacks€a€test€method,€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ówhich€is€necessary€toÐ …  Ðensure€consistency,€repeatability,€and€accuracy€in€source€compliance€determinations.ÏFactors€to€be€considered€in€developing€a€test€method€for€the€standard€contained€in€the€ruleÏinclude:ò òÝ‚m6ºÿ0·oes€Ýó óÝ  ÝÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  ÝÝ‚m6ºÿ]¸oes€Ýó óÝ  ÝÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  ÝÝ‚m6ºÿ¡¸oes€Ýó óÝ  ÝÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  ÝÝ‚m6ºÿå¸oes€Ýó óÝ  ݀݃3£{³¦³ÝŒÐUð¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àà0 ` àà  àà ` à„€consideration€of€the€angle€relative€to€the€sun€at€which€the€dust€plume(s)€are€to€beÏviewed€and€the€position€of€the€observer€relative€to€the€property€line€and/or€100Ïyards€from€the€source€(which€can€affect€a€plumeððs€visibility);Ð ` ¾#` ¾# Ðà  àà0 ` àà  àà ` à„€how€to€ensure€consistent€compliance€determinations€from€ground€level€whenÏfugitive€dust€has€drifted€to€a€high€enough€altitude€that,€by€the€time€it€reaches€theÏproperty€line€or€100€yards€from€the€source,€it€can€no€longer€be€seen€by€an€observerÏdirectly€below€without€binoculars€or€other€special€equipment;Ð ` ¾#` ¾# Ðà  àà0 ` àà  àà ` à„Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  ÝÝ‚m6ºÿG¼€cerÝó óÝ  Ý€whether€a€three€dimensional€100€yard€limit€applies€where€visible€dust€extendsÐ Å` Ðmore€than€100€yards€above€the€source€but€cannot€be€seen€crossing€the€property€lineÏor€at€a€distance€100€yards€away€from€the€source;€andÐ ` ¾#` ¾# Ðà  àà0 ` àà  àà ` à„€whether€compliance€with€the€100„yard€standard€can€be€determined€where€multipleÏplumes€are€within€the€observerððs€line€of€vision.€(Note:€each€new€plume€generatedÏrepresents€a€new€point€of€origin.)Ð ` ¾#` ¾# ÐÔUS.,CE.,Ôà  àà ` àÌÔCE.,US.,š¾ÔòòSection€41.1.1.2ó󀄀establishes€that€a€Notice€of€Violation€may€be€issued€when€a€visible€dust€plumeÐ U#ð! Ðextends€more€than€50€yards€from€the€point€of€origin,€however,€no€penalty€will€be€assessed.ÌÌÓL€ &PÉhhcLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ÀÝÔ2PÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝSimilar€considerations€apply€to€a€50„yard€limit€as€discussed€above€with€respect€to€a€100„Ð %&À!$ Ðyard€limit.݃3£À2À݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòSection€41.1.2ó󀄀provides€that€no€person€shall€cause€or€permit€the€handling,€transporting,€or€storageÐ õ($' Ðof€any€material€in€a€manner€which€allows€or€may€allow€controllable€particulate€matter€to€becomeÏairborne.ÌÌÓL€ '`Éhh&LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£dÂÝÔ2`ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThis€clause€lacks€enforceability€due€to€the€lack€of€a€definition€for€what€constitutesÐ µ,P(+ Ðð ðcontrollable€particulate€matterðð.݃3£dÂÂ݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòSection€41.1.3ó󀄀provides€controls€for€sand€and€abrasive€blasting€operations€to€prevent€excessiveÐ Eà Ðsand€and€dust€dispersal.ÌÌÓL€ )‘hh'LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£…ÄÝÔ2‘Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThis€clause€lacks€enforceability€due€to€the€use€of€language€that€can€be€interpreted€broadlyÐ  ° Ð(e.g.€excessive).݃3£…İÄ݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòSection€41.2.1ó󀄀restricts€off„road€vehicle€or€motocross€racing€within€the€non„attainment€areaÐ å € Ðunless€adequate€dust€control€measures€are€approved€in€advance€by€the€Control€Officer.ÌÌÓL€ *¡hh)LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ÏÆÝÔ2¡Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThis€requirement€relies€upon€Executive€Officer€discretion,€which€is€not€enforceable€byÐ µP  ÐEPA.݃3£ÏÆúÆÝŒÐ ¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòSection€41.3.1ó󀄀provides€that€if€loose€sand,€dust,€or€dust€particles€are€found€to€exist€in€excess€ofÐ …  Ðacceptable€limits,€as€determined€by€the€Control€Officer,€the€situation€is€to€be€corrected€within€aÏspecified€period€of€time€determined€by€the€Control€Officer,€depending€on€the€scope€and€extent€ofÏthe€problem.ÌÌÓL€ +±hh*LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£‰ÉÝÔ2±Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThis€requirement€contains€Executive€Officer€discretion€with€respect€to€sources€meetingÐ 5Ð Ðacceptable€limits€(which€currently€lack€a€clear€means€for€compliance€determinations)€andÏthe€time€granted€sources€to€take€remedial€actions€to€control€fugitive€dust.݃3£‰É´É݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòOtheróóà€¾#¾#L¾#àˆÐ õ ÐÌÓL€ ,Áhh+LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ÅËÝÔ2ÁÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€rule€lacks€recordkeeping€provisions€for€sources€subject€to€the€ruleððs€requirements.Ð Õp ÐÔUS.,CE.,ÔRecordkeeping€is€needed€in€order€to€verify€compliance€with€the€requirements€or€limitsÏestablished€by€the€rule.€€ÔCE.,US.,¥ÌÔThe€rule€also€lacks€test€methods€to€ensure€consistent,€repeatableÏand€€accurate€determinations€of€compliance€versus€non„compliance.݃3£ÅËðË݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌñ?pñò ò2.€Unpaved€Roadsó óÐ …  ÐÌà  àÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óFourÝ‚mÿ<ÎLÓÝÝÝ  Ý€measures׃_×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€for€controlling€dust€from€unpaved€roads€in€the€Las€Vegas€Valley€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ówereÐ e"  Ðsubmitted€as€RACM€and/or€BACM.Ý‚mÿ<ÏLÓÝÝÝ  Ý€These€include€the€ð ðPM„10€Offset€Paving€Programðð,€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óCountyÐ U#ð! ÐOrdinance€1545Ý‚mÿ ÐLÓÝÝÝ  Ý,€County€Ordinance€1966,€and€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ólocal€regulations€to€prevent€new€unpaved€roads€(byÐ E$à" Ðreference€only).€Ý‚mÿ­ÐLÓÝÝÝ  ÝÌÌÝ‚l8ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óà  àÝ‚l8ºeÑÝÝ  ÝSubmitted€as€RACM,€County€Ordinance€1545,€passed€in€1993,€amended€Rule€28€of€theÐ '°"% ÐClark€County€Code€to€require€subdividers€to€sign€an€off„site€improvement€agreement€with€aÐ ( #& Ðrestrictive€covenant€running€with€the€land€for€parcel€improvements€five€(5)€acres€or€greater;€theÏrestrictive€covenant€would€require€the€construction€of€full€off„site€improvements€when€requestedÏby€the€director€of€public€works.€For€parcel€improvements€<€5€acres,€Rule€28€requires€gravel€if€theÏparcel€is€more€than€660€feet€from€a€paved€road.€The€existence€of€local€government€regulations€thatÏrequire€paving€of€roadways€in€new€developments€were€also€referred€to€as€RACM€in€the€1994ÏBACM€Plan׃×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.€€In€1997,€County€Ordinance€1966€was€passed,€which€made€further€amendments€toÐ  ° ÐRule€28€to€require€road€paving€associated€with€land€improvements€in€the€PM„10€non„attainmentÏarea.€The€amendments€retain€the€gravel€requirement,€but€it€applies€to€parcels€outside€of€the€PM„10Ïnonattainment€area.€The€District€submitted€Ordinance€1966€as€BACM.€These€submittals€all€pertainÏto€requirements€in€place€to€prevent€new€unpaved€roads€from€being€created.݃leÑ’ÑÝŒÌŒÝ  ÝÌà  àThe€PM„10€Offset€Paving€Program,€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óreferred€to€as€the€ð ðLight„weight€Paving€Programðð€inÐ µP  Ðthe€Moderate€Area€SIPÝ‚mÿûÖLÓÝÝÝ  Ý,€is€described€in€the€Serious€Area€SIP€as€using€monies€collected€fromÏpermitted€PM„10€emission€sources€to€pave€unpaved€roadways€which€are€not€scheduled€for€pavingÏin€the€near€future,€as€prioritized€by€average€daily€trip€(ADT)€estimates.€The€Serious€Area€SIPÏindicates€that€the€Ad€Hoc€Committee€in€charge€of€this€program€has€determined€that€all€unpavedÏroads€inventoried€in€1995€that€are€not€considered€low€use€(e.g.€estimated€30€ADT),€will€be€pavedÏby€2001.׃k|×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€Lineal€miles€are€projected€to€decrease€by€38%€and€associated€emission€reductions€are€toÐ Uð Ðdecrease€by€67%€over€the€six„year€span.׃n0×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð Eà ÐÌà  àIn€order€to€meet€RACM/BACM€requirements,€the€Serious€Area€SIP€needs€to€provide€someÏassurance€that€the€combined€impact€of€County€Ordinance€1966€and€the€PM„10€Offset€PavingÏProgram€will€control€existing€as€well€as€new€unpaved€roads.Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óÝ‚mÿÊÛLÓÝÝÝ  Ý€It€is€unclear€whether€the€PM„10€OffsetÐ   Ðfunds€are€strictly€being€allocated€towards€existing€unpaved€roads,€as€opposed€to€unpaved€roadsÏcreated€by€new€development.€If€some€portion€of€the€offset€funds€are€used€to€pave€unpaved€roadsÏassociated€with€new€development€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óto€meet€the€requirements€of€Rule€28Ý‚mÿBÝLÓÝÝÝ  Ý,€the€emission€reductionsÐ Õp Ðcredited€towards€the€SIP€may€not€be€realized€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óabsent€additional€measuresÝ‚mÿÞLÓÝÝÝ  Ý.€Ð Å` ÐÌà  àCooperative€Agreements€associated€with€the€PM„10€Offset€Paving€Program€between€theÏClark€County€Health€District€and€the€County€of€Clark,€City€of€North€Las€Vegas,€City€of€LasÏVegas,€and€City€of€Henderson,€respectively,€were€submitted€in€the€1995€RACM€Addendum׃ä×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú14Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óEPAÐ …  Ðacknowledges€thatÝ‚mÿàLÓÝÝÝ  Ý€these€agreements€indicate€the€intent€that€offset€funds€be€used€only€when€ð ðthereÏis€no€active€or€pending€development€or€improvement€plan€along€the€project€lengthðð.€However,€thisÏstatement€does€not€preclude€the€possibility€that€County€Ordinance€1966€may€not€be€enforced€on€allÏsubdividers,€and€if€a€new€unpaved€road€exists€as€a€result€of€development€that€is€no€longer€active,ÏPM„10€offset€funds€may€be€allocated€towards€such€a€road.€The€Cooperative€Agreements€alsoÐ 5%Ð # Ðrequire€that€road€paving€projects€be€located€along€a€legal€right„of„way.€It€is€unclear€whether€orÏwhat€portion€of€existing€unpaved€roads€in€the€Valley€are€excluded€from€the€PM„10€Offset€PavingÏProgram€by€this€definition,€and€thus€may€not€be€controlled.€Finally,€the€Cooperative€AgreementsÏallow€the€County€or€participating€City€to€establish€the€time€period€in€which€an€unpaved€road€willÏbe€paved,€which€may€or€may€not€be€conducive€to€the€attainment€needs€of€the€area.ÌÌà  àA€BACM€demonstration€is€required€that€addresses€the€above€concerns€and€provides€anyÏnecessary€supporting€documentation€with€respect€to€thresholds€of€coverage€for€unpaved€roads.€ñ7pñÏÔ_ÔAlso,€for€SIP€attainment€ñ7pññ?pññpñ׃‘¼×ñ>pññ>pñ׃9¼×ñ>pñÝ ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú20Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.€Passed€inÐ …  ÐDecember€1987,€this€ordinance€prohibits€spillage€of€aggregate€material€and€dirt€during€vehicleÏtravel€on€highways.€However,€the€1995€RACM€Addendum€acknowledges€that€enforcement€of€theÏordinance€is€not€a€high€priority€and€that€an€alternative€BACM€would€be€implementation€ofÐ U#ð! Ðrequirements€for€aggregate€haul€trucks€to€be€covered€and/or€to€maintain€freeboard€as€a€condition€ofÏthe€permits€issued€by€the€District׃’×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú21Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.€As€this€alternative€BACM€is€not€included€in€the€submittals€toÐ Uð ÐEPA,€the€Moderate€Area€SIP€and€Serious€Area€SIP€lack€effective€RACM/BACM€for€control€ofÏhaul€truck€spillage.׃•|×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú22Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×݃lú®ú݌Р5Ð ÐŒñ>pñó óó óó óñ>pññ=pñó óñ=pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  ÝÌÝ‚l8ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óà  àÝ‚l8º"ÿÝÝ  ÝRule€9€and€County€Ordinance€1623€were€also€submitted€as€RACM.€Rule€9€establishesÐ  ° Ðminimum€fees€for€violations€of€topsoil€permits,€among€other€sources.€Ordinance€1623€requires€thatÏland€use€plans€be€used€as€guidance€for€Clark€County€development.€Neither€of€these€measures€hasÏdirect€relevance€to€control€measures€for€construction€sites€(i.e.€Rule€9€pertains€to€rule€violationsÏand€Ordinance€1623€does€not€establish€fugitive€dust€control€requirements€for€construction€sites.)݃l"ÿOÿ݌̌ñ>pñó óó óó óñ>pññ=pñó óñ=pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  ÝÌà  àOne€of€ÔUSCE.,Ôthe€most€conspicuous€deficiencies€is€the€failure€to€submit€the€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óprimaryÝ‚mÿÝ×Ýñ>pñó óó óó óñ>pññ=pñó óñ=pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€constructionÐ µP  Ðsite€control€measures€in€a€format€that€EPA€can€approve€into€the€SIP€and€enforce.€ÔCE.,US.,¿ÔÔUSCE.,ÔFirst,€the€DistrictÏdid€not€provide€all€of€the€relevant€control€measures€concerning€construction€sites€to€EPA€in€eitherÏthe€Moderate€Area€SIP€or€Serious€Area€SIP€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ó(e.g.€demolition€and€abrasive€blasting€requirementsÐ …  Ðand€additional€criteria€for€larger€sites).Ý‚mÿÉÝ×Ýñ>pñó óó óó óñ>pññ=pñó óñ=pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€Second,€ÔCE.,US.,Ôthe€substantive€control€measures€for€constructionÏsites€need€to€be€submitted€to€EPA€as€a€rule€that€can€be€SIP€approved€and€thus€enforced€by€EPA€inÏorder€for€the€measures€to€be€credited€towards€SIP€emission€reductions.׃—×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú23Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€ÔUSCE.,ÔThe€District€should€alsoÐ Uð Ðsubmit€the€criteria€it€uses€to€determine€ÔCE.,US.,þÔacceptable€permit€conditions€on€a€case€by€case€basis,€andÏconvert€such€criteria€into€enforceable€requirements€where€feasible.€ÔUSCE.,ÔÌÌà  àAnother€deficiency€is€the€failure€to€demonstrate€that€the€control€measures€for€constructionÏsites€meet€RACM/BACM€requirementsÔCE.,US.,þÔ.€This€deficiency€stems€primarily€from€the€fact€that€theÏModerate€Area€SIP€and€Serious€Area€SIP€make€no€attempt€to€discuss€the€control€measuresÏthemselves€and€how€they€constitute€RACM/BACM.Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óÝ‚mÿrÝ×Ýñ>pñó óó óó óñ>pññ=pñó óñ=pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  ÝÐ å€ ÐÌà  àFinally,€some€of€the€requirements€for€construction€site€sources€lack€the€stringency€orÌenforceability€that€would€ensure€a€RACM/BACM€level€of€control.€EPAððs€comments€in€thisò ò€ó ósectionÐ µP Ðspecifically€address€these€issues€where€information€on€the€requirements€is€available.׃˜€ ×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú24Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ¥@ ЇÌRule€17ÌÌà  àThe€following€comments€are€based€on€Rule€17,€as€revised€on€January€23,€1997.ÌÌòòGeneralóó€Ð  ° ÐÌÓL€ >áhh,LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£j ÝÔ2áÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€rule€lacks€a€clause€that€states€non„compliance€with€any€aspect€of€a€Dust€Control€PermitÐ õ  Ðissued€by€the€Health€District€is€a€violation€of€Rule€17.€Ýƒ3£j • ݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòSection€17.2€ð ðExceptionsððó󀄀provides€exemption€from€the€requirement€for€a€DCP€for€agriculturalÐ Å `  Ðoperations,€landscaping€by€a€person€at€his€place€of€residence,€routine€maintenance€activitiesÏconducted€by€government€agency€personnel€on€publicly€maintained€roads€and€shoulders€and€onÏflood€control€channels,€and€other€maintenance€activities€conducted€by€government€agencyÏpersonnel.ÌÌÓL€ :Ñhh>LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£¨ÝÔ2ÑÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝBecause€the€rule€lacks€a€definition€for€ð ðroutine€maintenanceðð€on€roads,€shoulders,€and€floodÐ e Ðcontrol€channels,€it€is€not€possible€to€determine€the€magnitude€of€the€emissions€from€thisÏactivity.€€Thus€it€is€in€turn€not€possible€to€determine€whether€RACM/BACM€controls€areÏrequired.ò ò݃3£¨ÓÝŒÐ5о#¾# ÐŒÝ  Ýó óÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£•ÝÔ2ÑÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€exemption€for€ð ðother€maintenance€activitiesðð€conducted€by€government€agencyÐ ° Ðpersonnel€is€vague€and€unenforceable.݃3£•À݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòDust€Control€PermitsóóÐ å€ ÐÌà  àThe€following€comments€are€based€on€the€permit€conditions€in€the€application€for€DCPs,€asÏrevised€on€January€20,€1999.ÌÌÓL€ @hh:LÓòòSection€B.4ó󀄀requires€a€gravel€pad€be€set€up€prior€to€commencing€construction€activities,€unlessÐ •0 Ðanother€method€has€been€approved€by€the€Control€Officer.€Specifications€for€the€gravel€and€apronÏdimensions€are€provided.ÌÌÓL€ Ahh@LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThis€provision€contains€Executive€Officer€discretion€with€respect€to€applying€otherÐ U#ð! Ðmethods€in€lieu€of€the€gravel€pad€as€specified.݃3£?݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£XÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€permit€should€indicate€that€the€gravel€pad€must€be€maintained€to€a€minimum€depthÐ %&À!$ Ð(e.g.€6€inches)€through€project€completion€(Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óor€maintained€such€that€trackout€is€prevented).Ý‚mÿ^ong€Ýñ>pñó óó óñ>pññ=pñó óñ=pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý݃3£XƒÝŒÐ'°"%¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£?ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€gravel€options€include€crushed€rock€or€washed,€well„graded€gravel.€It€is€possible€thatÐ õ($' Ðcrushed€rock,€depending€on€the€propensity€of€the€gravel€to€grind€up€into€smaller€particles,Ð å)€%( Ðmay€exacerbate€the€PM„10€problem.݃3£?j݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ìÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óThe€permits€lack€a€requirement€that€trackout,€spillage,€carry„out€or€erosion€be€prevented.Ð Eà ÐAlso,€a€requirement€is€needed€for€clean€up€of€any€trackout,€spillage,€carry„out€or€erosionÏthat€does€occur.Ý‚mÿ]ong€Ýñ>pñó óó óñ>pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý݃3£ì݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòSection€B.5€óó„€requires€the€permittee€to€take€reasonable€precautions€in€order€to€not€cause€or€permitÐ    Ðthe€discharge€of€visible€emissions€of€fugitive€dust.€Reasonable€precautions€include€sprinkling,Ïcompacting,€enclosure,€etc...€along€with€such€other€measures€as€the€Control€Officer€may€specify,Ïthat€are€required€to€accomplish€satisfactory€results.€ÌÌÓL€ BÁhhALÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£—ÝÔ2ÁÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThis€permit€condition€is€vague€and€contains€Executive€Officer€discretion€as€to€when€aÐ µP  Ðcontrol€measure(s)€has€been€sufficiently€applied.€In€order€to€address€this€deficiency,€theÏDistrict€may€consider€referencing€the€standards€contained€in€Rule€41,€provided€EPAððsÏcomments€on€Rule€41€are€addressed,€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óor€adopting€additional€standards€for€variousÐ …  Ðconstruction€site€fugitive€dust€sources.Ý‚mÿHong€Ýñ>pñó óó óñ>pññ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý݃3£—Â݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòSection€B.6ó󀄀prohibits€the€handling,€transporting,€or€storage€of€any€material€in€a€manner€whichÐ Uð Ðallows€or€may€allow€controllable€particulate€matter€to€become€airborne.ÌÌÓL€ DÑhhBLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£F ÝÔ2ÑÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€permit€conditions€lack€a€definition€for€ð ðcontrollable€particulate€matterðð,€which€makesÐ %À Ðthis€condition€difficult€to€enforce.€The€permit€conditions€should€contain€specificÏrequirements€to€control€fugitive€dust€from€bulk€material€handling€and€open€storage€piles.݃3£F q ݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòSection€B.7€óó„€requires€the€permittee€to€suspend€all€or€part€of€the€construction€activities€if€theÐ å€ Ðpermittee€cannot€provide€satisfactory€control€of€fugitive€dust.ÌÌÓL€ FñhhDLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£#ÝÔ2ñÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThis€permit€condition€is€vague€with€respect€to€what€constitutes€satisfactory€control€ofÐ µP Ðfugitive€dust,€and€should€reference€specific€limits/standards.݃3£#H#݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòSection€B.8ó󀄀requires€paved€ingress/egress€and€interior€roads€to€be€kept€clean;€and€requiresÐ …  Ðunpaved€project€ingress/egress€and€interior€roads€to€be€watered,€covered€with€Type€II€gravel,€orÏtreated€with€a€chemical€dust€suppressant€until€the€Enforcement€Officer€advises€otherwise.Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àÌÓL€ GhhFLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£x&ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThis€permit€condition€lacks€a€means€of€determining€when€an€unpaved€road€has€beenÐ E$à" Ðsufficiently€watered,€gravelled€or€chemically€stabilized€for€compliance€purposes.€AnÏappropriate€standard(s)€and€test€method€is/are€needed,€such€as€silt€content,€silt€loading€andÏsurface€moisture€standards.݃3£x&£&݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£X(ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝType€II€gravel€is€undefined€(this€is€also€the€case€in€Section€B.12).݃3£X(ƒ(ÝŒÐõ($'¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÓL€ HhhGLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£)ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThis€clause€contains€Executive€Officer€discretion€as€to€the€required€period€of€compliance.݃3£)È)ÝŒÐÕ*p&)¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£¬*ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝTo€further€clarify€the€permitððs€requirement€to€keep€paved€roads€clean,€the€followingÐ µ,P(+ Ðunderlined€text€should€be€added:€ð ðPaved€ingress/egress€and€interior€roads€must€be€keptÏclean€òòof€dirt€trackout€at€all€timesóóðð.€Ýƒ3£¬*×*ÝŒÐUð¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£V,ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€difference€between€ð ðunpaved€project€ingress/egress€roadsðð€and€ð ðinterior€roadsðð€isÐ 5Ð Ðunclear.€These€terms€should€be€defined.݃3£V,,݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòSection€B.11ó󀄀holds€the€permittee€responsible€for€continuous€dust€control€until€a€methodÐ    Ð(acceptable€by€the€Control€Officer)€of€soil€stabilization€is€implemented.ÌÌÓL€ I!hhHLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£«.ÝÔ2!Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThis€provision€lacks€a€standard€and€test€method€for€soil€stabilization,€and€also€containsÐ Õ p  ÐExecutive€Officer€discretion.݃3£«.Ö.݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÓL€ CñhhILÓÓB.°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#°œXBÓòòSection€B.12ó󀄀requires€stabilization€of€all€disturbed€areas€within€the€construction€site€30€daysÐ ¥@  Ðfollowing€earthmoving€or€topsoil€disturbances,€provided€there€is€no€continuing€development.ÌÌÓL€ J1hhCLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£–1ÝÔ21Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThis€permit€condition€allows€30€days€following€final€topsoil€disturbance€before€an€inactiveÐ u Ðdisturbed€area€needs€to€be€watered,€re„vegetated,€or€chemically€stabilized.€This€one„monthÏgrace€period€seems€excessive.€In€some€cases,€watering€may€be€all€that€is€required,€and€thisÏshould€preferably€be€done€immediately€following€final€grading.€Also,€this€provision€seemsÏto€conflict€with€the€permit's€requirement€that€the€permitted€party€is€responsible€for€dustÏcontrol€24€hours€a€day,€including€evenings€and€weekends,€which€presumably€includesÏinactive€disturbed€areas€experiencing€wind€erosion.€Finally,€the€permit€lacks€a€standard€andÏtest€method€for€determining€when€soil€is€stabilized.݃3£–1Á1݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòOtheróóÐ å€ ÐÌÓL€ KAhhJLÓÝ ‚3£! ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£p5ÝÔ2AÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝUnpaved€staging/parking€areas€are€not€addressed€in€the€permit€conditions.݃3£p5›5ÝŒÐÅ`¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÓL€ LQhhKLÓÝ ‚3£" ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£º6ÝÔ2QÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€permits€lack€recordkeeping€requirements׃™×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú25Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.€ÔUS.,CE.,ÔRecordkeeping€is€needed€in€order€to€verifyÐ ¥@ Ðcompliance€with€the€relevant€requirements.€EPA€notes€that,€in€the€1994€BACM€Plan€and€inÏthe€1997€Serious€Plan,€the€District€includes€among€candidate€BACM€a€requirement€forÏrecords€to€be€maintained€of€dust€mitigation€at€construction€sites.׃šh×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú26Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ÔCE.,US.,¬7Ô€Sources€should€beÐ u! Ðrequired€to€keep€the€following€specific€records,€at€a€minimum,€on€a€daily€basis:݃3£º6å6݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÔUSCE.,Ôà  àà0 ` àà  àà ` à„€initial€start€and€final€stop€time€of€wet€suppression€equipment€for€each€work€day;Ð ` ¾#` ¾# Ðà  àà ` à„€the€frequency€(e.g.€record€the€date€and€time)€when€water€tanks€are€refilled;Ìà  àà0 ` àà  àà ` à„€if€bulk€material€other€than€soil€is€stored€or€handled,€a€description€of€the€type€andÏcumulative€volume€of€material;Ð ` ¾#` ¾# Ðà0  àà0` ¾#¾#à„€daily€verification€that€the€water€truck€is€operational€or€a€statement€to€indicate€theÏnature€of€the€breakdown€and€steps€taken€to€repair€it;Ð( #&` ¾#` ¾# Ðà  àà0 ` àà  àà ` à„€meteorological€conditions.Ð ` ¾#` ¾# ÐÔCE.,US.,`6ÔÌòòOther€RequirementsóóÐ Eà ÐÌà  àAs€mentioned€above,€Clark€County€Health€District€has€supplemental€requirements€for€sitesÏthat€conduct€demolition€or€blasting,€and€additional€requirements€for€large€sites.€Such€requirementsÏappear€to€be€located€in€individual€source€permits,€yet€the€District€has€not€provided€EPA€withÏrequirements€that€commonly€apply€to€all€sources.€Thus,€EPA€is€not€providing€specific€commentsÏon€such€requirements€at€this€time.€However,€similar€considerations€as€expressed€above€for€DCPÏconditions€also€extend€to€requirements€for€blasting,€demolition,€and€large€sites,€such€as€the€need€forÏappropriate€and€practical€standards€and€test€methods€where€needed€to€determine€compliance.ÌÌò ò5.€Stationary€Sourcesó óÐ ¥@  Ðò òó óÌà  àAccording€to€the€1997€Serious€Plan,€stationary€sources€that€emit€PM„10€within€the€LasÏVegas€Valley€are€largely€sand€and€gravel€operations€and€crushed€stone/concrete€batch€plants€(i.e.Ïnon„metallic€mineral€plants).€Upon€surveying€its€permitted€sources€in€1995,€the€District€determinedÏthat€PM„10€emissions€from€haul€roads€at€such€facilities€overwhelm€emissions€from€excavating,Ïcrushing,€screening,€transfer€points€and€storage€piles.׃›×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú27Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€While€stationary€sources€account€forÐ Eà Ðslightly€over€2%€of€the€annual€valley„wide€PM„10€emissions€inventory€for€1995,€they€are€presentedÏin€the€Serious€Area€SIP€as€significant€sources€and€cumulatively€contribute€more€PM„10€emissionsÏthan€residential€wood€combustion,€on„road€exhaust,€brake€and€tire€wear,€and€off„road€racing€(dust)Ïcombined.׃×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú28Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð   ÐÌò òà  àó óThe€District€submitted€Rule€34,€ð ðNew€Source€Performance€Standards€for€NonmetallicÐ å€ ÐMineral€Mining€and€Processingðð€as€RACT.׃;X×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú29Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€This€rule€requires€control€of€new€source€fugitive€dustÐ Õp Ðprocess€emissions.ÔUS.,CE.,Ô׃= ×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú30Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ךÔCE.,US.,¾AÔ€This€rule€does€not€meet€the€CAAððs€RACT€requirement€in€that€it€only€appliesÐ Å` Ðto€new,€as€opposed€to€existing,€sources.€Below€is€our€evaluation€of€the€rule€requirements€for€newÏand€modified€sources.€There€is€no€SIP„approved€version€of€Rule€34.ÌÌòòRule€34óóÐ …  Ðâ âÐ u! Ðà  àOur€RACT€evaluation€is€based€on€EPAððs€RACT€guidance.׃M×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú31Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€RACT€is€defined€in€theÐ e Ðâ âAddendum€as€ð ðlowest€emission€limitation€that€a€particular€source€is€capable€of€meeting€by€theÏapplication€of€technology€that€is€reasonably€available€considering€technological€and€economicÏfeasibility.ðð׃N€×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú32Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€According€to€the€General€Preamble,€in€EPAððs€view,€the€cost€of€using€a€controlÐ 5Ð Ðmeasure€is€considered€reasonable€if€those€same€costs€are€borne€by€other€comparable€facilities.ÏEPAððs€guidance׃P8×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú33Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€discusses€the€most€stringent€mass€and€visible€emission€limits€that€can€beÐ  ° Ðroutinely€achieved€for€each€source€category,€and€indicates€that€these€emissions€limits€should€beÏused€as€guidelines€in€determining€the€RACT€limit€for€particular€sources.€ÌÌà  àThus€as€a€starting€point€we€compare€Rule€34€to€requirements€found€in€40€CFR€60,€60.670,ÏSubpart€Ô_ÔOOOÔ_Ô€that€apply€to€new€and/or€modified€non„metallic€mineral€processing€plants.€TheÏrequirements€in€Subpart€Ô_ÔOOOÔ_Ô€are€described€as€ð ðbest€demonstrated€technologyðð.׃Q×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú34Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€This€does€notÐ µP  Ðmean€that€Subpart€OOO€constitutes€BACT,€as€BACT€standards€may€be€upgraded€over€time€and,Ïtypically,€permitted€non„metallic€mineral€plants€are€subject€to€additional€controls€not€found€inÏSubpart€OOO.€However,€in€terms€of€RACT,€we€believe€that€sources€subject€to€the€same€emissionsÏlimitations€and/or€standards€as€found€in€Subpart€OOO€are€essentially€meeting€RACT€requirements.ÏWhile€the€opacity€standards€in€Rule€34€are€the€same€as€those€in€Subpart€OOO,€the€rule€contains€theÏfollowing€deficiencies:ÌÌÓL€ 8QhhLLÓÝ ‚3£# ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£»KÝÔ2QÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€rule€lacks€a€particulate€matter€concentration€standard€(gram€per€dry€standard€cubicÐ 5Ð Ðmeter)€for€stack€emissions.€A€0.05€g/dscm€standard€exists€in€Subpart€OOO€and€similarÏstandards€exist€in€other€RACT€rules.€This€is€particularly€a€concern€where€wet€scrubbers€areÏused€to€control€emissions€from€stacks;€Subpart€OOO€requires€installation€of€a€continuousÏmonitoring€device€to€measure€liquid€flow€rate€to€the€scrubber€and€pressure€drop€across€theÏscrubber.€Furthermore,€a€particulate€matter€concentration€standard€assists€ruleÏenforceability€as€it€can€be€relied€upon€where€needed€to€provide€greater€certainty€inÏcompliance€determinations.€Thus,€a€RACT€demonstration€is€required€as€to€the€ruleððs€lack€ofÏa€particulate€matter€concentration€standard.݃3£»KæK݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÓL€ Vahh8LÓÝ ‚3£$ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£´OÝÔ2aÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€rule€lacks€a€recordkeeping€requirement.€Recordkeeping€is€needed€in€order€to€verifyÐ •0 Ðcompliance€with€the€requirements€or€limits€established€by€the€rule.€A€recordkeepingÏretention€period€of€five€years€is€required.݃3£´OßO݌Р¾#¾# Ðâ âŒÝ  ÝÐ e"  Ðà  àThe€1994€BACM€Plan€indicates€that€Rule€12€addresses€BACT€for€stationary€sources.׃R×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú35Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð e Ðâ âRule€12€is€titled€ð ðPreconstruction€Review€for€New€or€Modified€Sourcesðð.€Rule€12€is€a€permittingÏrule€and€controls€are€contained€in€stationary€source€permits.€While€an€incomplete€copy€of€Rule€12Ïwas€included€in€the€Plan,€EPA€recently€approved€a€version€of€this€rule€dated€April€23,€1998€[64€FRÏ25210,€May€11,€1999].€Rule€12€was€approved€along€with€two€other€rules€for€the€purpose€ofÏmeeting€the€nonattainment€and€prevention€of€significant€deterioration€requirements€of€the€CAA.ÏThe€approval€does€not€imply€approval€of€Rule€12€requirements€for€any€other€purpose,€such€asÏBACT.ÌÌà  àRule€12€requires€that€non„major€stationary€sources€apply€BACT€to€each€new€or€modifiedÏemissions€unit€and€that€major€stationary€sources€apply€Lowest€Achievable€Emissions€Rate€(LAER)Ïto€each€new€or€modified€emissions€unit.€A€major€source€is€defined€as€that€with€a€potential€to€emitÏ70€tons€or€more€of€PM„10€per€year.€The€rule,€however,€does€not€contain€any€controls€or€limitsÏdefining€BACT.€In€order€for€EPA€to€evaluate€whether€BACT„level€controls€are€being€applied€toÏstationary€sources,€the€following€information€needs€to€be€submitted€as€part€of€the€SIP:€€all€controlÏequipment€and/or€emission€limit€requirements,€test€method€requirements,€andÏreporting/recordkeeping€requirements€that€apply€to€stationary€source€facilities.€This€data€must€beÏpresented€in€such€a€way€that€indicates€which€specific€limits€and€requirements€apply€to€anyÏparticular€stationary€source€facility.ÌÌà  àIn€addition,€the€1994€BACM€Plan€indicates€there€are€11€or€fewer€existing€stationary€sourcesÏthat€have€been€ð ðgrandfatheredðð,€and€that€their€emissions€include€both€fugitive€dust€and€combustionÏparticulates.׃Ÿ×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú36Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀݂m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ó€BACT€is€required€for€existing€sources€as€well€as€new€sources.€Thus,€štheÐ   Ðgrandfathered€facilities€not€only€have€an€outstanding€RACT/RACM€obligation,€but€also€aÏBACT/BACM€obligation.Ý‚mÿ'YÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€The€text€indicates€the€Districtððs€intent€to€determine€BACT/BACM€forÏthese€existing€facilities€by€January€1996,€adopt€control€measures€by€July€1996€if€warranted€by€theÏanalysis,€and€submit€documentation€to€EPA€in€a€1997€SIP€addendum.€EPA€has€not€received€suchÏdocumentation,€thus€a€BACT/BACM€demonstration€is€required€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ófor€all€PM„10€emissions€associatedÐ µP Ðwith€Ý‚mÿƒ[Ýñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ýthese€existing€facilities.€ÌÌà  àTo€specifically€ensure€BACM€requirements€for€both€new/modified€and€existing€stationaryÏsource€facilities€are€met,€the€District€should€adopt€and€submit€requirements€that:ÌÌ1)€address€fugitive€dust€sources€at€all€stationary€sources€that€are€located€within,€or€potentially€haveÏan€impact€on,€the€PM„10€nonattainment€area,€including€unpaved€haul/access/service€roads,Ïunpaved€parking/staging€areas,€and€disturbed€open€areas;€andÌÌ2)€provide€for€repeatable,€accurate,€consistent,€and€sufficiently€stringent€standards€and€test€methodsÏthat€meet€EPAððs€enforceability€and€BACM€criteria.€ò òÐ ( #& Ðó óÌà  àThe€District€also€submitted€County€Ordinance€1541€to€meet€RACM/BACM€requirements.׃U×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú37Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð Uð ÐThis€ordinance€requires€controls€for€haul€roads,€service€roads€and€parking€areas€associated€withÏrock€crushers,€stone€mills,€quarries,€gravel€pits,€and€mining€facilities€located€within€certainÏtownships€in€the€PM„10€nonattainment€area.€A€particularly€clear€and€stringent€requirement€is€thatÏall€haul€roads€that€provide€access€to€a€site€and€which€are€included€in€the€use€permit€must€be€paved.ÏWhile€the€ordinance€may,€to€some€extent,€address€area€fugitive€dust€sources€at€stationary€facilities,Ïthe€Serious€Area€SIP€lacks€information€that€would€indicate€its€scope€of€coverage€in€light€of€allÏstationary€sources€within€the€PM„10€nonattainment€area.€EPAððs€comments€on€the€enforceability,Ïstringency,€and€coverage€of€the€ordinance€are€provided€below,€and€should€be€addressed€in€the€nextÏSIP€submittal,€whether€through€revisions€to€the€ordinance€or€adoption€of€separate€measures/rules.ÌÌòòCounty€Ordinance€1541óóÐ ¥@  ÐÌÓL€ ShhVLÓÝ ‚3£% ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ScÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€ordinance€does€not€apply€to€sand€operations€and€concrete€batch€plants.€These€facilitiesÐ …  Ðhaveò òó ó€unpaved€and€disturbed€surfacesò òó ó.€€There€is,€however,€nothing€in€the€plan€that€assures€usÐ u Ðthat€RACM/BACM€are€being€implemented€for€these€sources.€Ýƒ3£Sc~c݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£& ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£%eÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€ordinance€lacks€definitions€for€ð ðservice€roadsðð,€ð ðType€II€gravelðð,€and€ð ðdustÐ Eà Ðsuppressantðð.݃3£%ePe݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£' ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£VfÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝWhile€the€ordinance€covers€ð ðemployee€parking€areasðð,€it€does€not€address€unpaved€stagingÐ ° Ðareas€where€heavy€vehicles€may€travel€for€loading/unloading€operations.݃3£Vff݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÓL€ ThhSLÓÝ ‚3£( ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ hÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝDiscretion€is€provided€to€the€Planning€Commission€or€Board€of€County€Commissioners€asÐ å€ Ðto€which€service€roads€located€within€the€facilities€and€employee€parking€areas€are€to€beÏtreated.݃3£ h4h݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚3£) ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£‚iÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝWhile€the€ordinance€requires€service€roads€and€employee€parking€areas€to€be€treated€withÐ ¥@ ÐType€II€compacted€gravel€or€a€dust€suppressant,€it€does€not€require€that€such€treatment€beÏapplied€and€maintained€to€meet€an€enforceable€standard€and€test€method.݃3£‚i­i݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌò ò6.€Vacant€Lots€and€Unpaved€Parking€Lotsó óÐ e"  ÐÌà  àÔUSCE.,ÔThe€1991€Moderate€Plan€defines€disturbed€vacant€landÔCE.,US.,kÔÔUSCE.,Ô€as€generally€privately€owned€vacantÏland€within€the€Las€Vegas€Valley€which€has€been€disturbed€in€one€form€or€another€in€that€theÏnatural€vegetation€has€been€wholly€or€partly€removed.€In€1989,€according€to€the€Valley„wide€24„¼hour€PM„10€emissions€inventory,€surface€erosion€from€this€source€category€contributed€more€thanÏâ âten€percent€of€the€total€PM„10€emissions.€Human€activities€on€public€lands€(e.g.,€recreationalÐ ( #& Ðvehicles€on€BLM€land)€also€contribute€to€PM„10€emissions׃¡×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú38Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.ÔCE.,US.,íkÔÔUSCE.,Ô€ÔCE.,US.,enÔThe€Serious€Area€SIP€indicates€thatÐ e Ðâ âð ðdisturbed€vacant€land€and€existing€unpaved/parking€staging€areas€are€significant€sources€of€PM„10Ïwithin€the€Las€Vegas€Valley€and€yet€have€escaped€regulatory€attentionðð.׃¢|×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú39Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀РEà ÐÌÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óà  àThe€only€control€measures€referred€to€as€RACM€for€disturbed€vacant€land€are€ÔUSCE.,ÔClarkÐ %À ÐCountyððs€efforts€to€work€with€the€Bureau€of€Land€Management€to€reduce€access€to€public€landsÔCE.,US.,hpÔÔUSCE.,ÔÏ(i.e.€encouraging€limits€on€off„road€motor€vehicle€use€on€public€lands)€and€local€governmentÏpolicies€promoting€infill€development,€which€may€help€reduce€vacant€land€disturbances׃£0×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú40Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.ÔCE.,US., qÔ€TheseÐ õ  Ðmeasures€do€not€establish€requirements€that€prevent€vacant€land€disturbances€or€mitigate€disturbedÏvacant€land€throughout€the€PM„10€nonattainment€area€and€thus€do€not€meet€RACM.€The€SeriousÏArea€SIP€does€not€contain€any€BACM€submittals€addressing€disturbed€vacant€land.€Ý‚mÿïolitiÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  ÝÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óThus,€theÐ Å `  ÐModerate€Area€SIP€and€Serious€Area€SIP€lack€RACM/BACM€for€disturbed€vacant€land.Ý‚mÿšslitiÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  ÝÌÌà  àÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óIn€adopting€measures€to€meet€BACMÝ‚mÿgtlitiÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€requirements,€the€District€should€consider€the€variousÐ •0  Ðmeans€by€which€vacant€lands€are€disturbed€in€Las€Vegas€Valley€(this€may€include€materialÏdumping,€motor€vehicle/off„road€motor€vehicle€trespass,€and€weed€abatement).€A€rule€to€addressÏdisturbed€vacant€lots,€whether€on€public€or€private€land,€in€Las€Vegas€Valley€should€include€bothÏpreventative€and€mitigative€control€strategies,€and€be€supported€by€updated€emission€inventoryÏinformation€on€the€size€and€scope€of€disturbed€vacant€lands€that€impact€the€PM„10€nonattainmentÏarea.ÌÌà  àThe€Serious€Area€SIP€lacks€a€distinct€category€for€the€emissions€contribution€of€unpavedÏparking€lots/staging€areas€in€Las€Vegas€Valley.€While€County€Ordinance€1541,€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ósubmitted€asÐ   ÐRACM€and€BACM€for€stationary€sourcesÝ‚mÿ·wlitiÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý,€establishes€controls€for€employee€parking€areas€atÏcertain€non„metallic€mineral€plants,€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óthis€appears€to€be€the€only€SIP€measure€that€addresses€unpavedÐ å€ Ðparking€lots/staging€areasÝ‚mÿ§xlitiÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý.Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ó€[For€EPAððs€comments€on€Ordinance€1541,€see€section€III.,€D.,€5.€of€thisÐ Õp ÐTSD.]€Therefore,€unpaved€parking€lot/staging€area€measures€are€not€comprehensive€enough€toÏmeet€RACM€or€BACM€requirements,€as€unpaved€parking€lots/staging€areas€in€the€PM„10Ïnonattainment€area€are€not€limited€to€those€sources€subject€to€Ordinance€1541.Ý‚mÿfylitiÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€A€BACMÏdemonstration€is€needed€that€considers€all€types€of€unpaved€parking/staging€areas€in€Las€VegasÏValley,€including€publicly€or€privately€owned€unpaved€parking€lots€that€are€associated€withÏstationary€source€facilities.€If€a€control€strategy€is€adopted€that€targets€unpaved€parking€lots€ofÏcertain€uses,€size,€or€ownership,€the€BACM€demonstration€should€include€information€thatÏsupports€pursuing€only€the€targeted€sources.€ÌÌò ò7.€Woodburning€Stovesó óÐ 5%Ð # ÐÌà  àThe€District€indicates€that€there€are€two€control€measures€currently€in€place€forÐ '°"% Ðwoodburning€stoves.׃¤×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú41Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€first€is€an€informational€brochure€distributed€by€the€District€that€makesÐ e Ðrecommendations€for€limiting€wood€burning€during€certain€meteorological€conditions€and€properÏwood€burning€techniques.€This€is€a€voluntary€measure€submitted€as€RACM.€The€second€controlÏmeasure€consists€of€three€ordinances€that€restrict€the€installation€of€high„emission€wood€burningÏfireplaces€and€stoves€in€new€developments.׃¥T×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú42Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€These€ordinances€are€included€in€both€the€1995Ð %À ÐRACM€Addendum€and€the€1994€BACM€Plan.ÌÌà  àWith€regard€to€residential€wood€combustion,€EPA€believes€that€these€measures€are€notÏRACM.€€The€Serious€Area€SIP€fails€to€provide€a€justification€for€failing€to€consider€mandatoryÏcurtailment€during€high€pollution€episodes€or€other€candidate€BACM€identified€in€EPAððs€BACMÏguidance€for€residential€wood€combustion.׃¦ô×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú43Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð Å `  ÐÌò ò8.€Off„Road€Racingó óÐ ¥@  Ðà  àà ` àÌà  àThe€1997€Serious€Plan€indicates€that€fugitive€dust€from€off„road€racing€is€among€significantÏsources,€although€it€represents€only€approximately€0.2%€of€annual€valley„wide€PM„10€emissions.€€ÏApparently,€off„road€racing€is€limited€to€the€Las€Vegas€Dunes€Recreation€Area,€which€is€the€onlyÏland€administered€by€the€Bureau€of€Land€Management€where€high€speed€off„road€traffic€activitiesÏand€races€are€permitted€within€the€Las€Vegas€Valley€nonattainment€area.€The€1997€Serious€PlanÏindicates€that€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óthe€number€of€off„road€races€at€the€Dunes€Area€varies€from€year€to€yearÝ‚mÿ'„litiÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý.׃§” ×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú44Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р5Ð ÐÌà  àThe€1991€Moderate€Plan€discusses€ÔUSCE.,Ôencouraging€limits€on€off„road€motor€vehicle€use€onÏpublic€landsÔCE.,US.,X…Ô,€however,€does€not€indicate€that€limits€were€established.׃¨H ×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú45Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€Serious€Area€SIPÐ   Ðdiscusses€coordination€with€the€Bureau€of€Land€Management€for€limits€to€off„road€racing€to€reduceÏPM„10€emissions€as€a€potential€control€strategy.׃©è ×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú46Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óÝ‚mÿc‡litiÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óHowever,€neither€the€Moderate€Area€SIP€nor€theÐ å€ ÐSerious€Area€SIP€indicate€that€requirements€to€limit€off„road€motor€vehicle€use/racing€wereÏadopted€as€RACM€or€BACM,€respectively.€Thus,€the€Moderate€Area€SIP€and€Serious€Area€SIPÐ Å` Ðlack€a€RACM/BACM€demonstration€for€off„road€racing.Ý‚mÿ¶‡litiÝñ4pñó óñ4pñÝ  Ý€In€its€BACM€demonstration,€the€DistrictÏshould€evaluate€available€control€measures€not€currently€being€implemented,€such€as€the€use€ofÏdust€suppressants€during€events€on€days€with€dry€or€windy€meteorological€conditions€and€installingÏphysical€barriers€to€restrict€access€to€BLM€land€where€off„road€racing/use€is€not€officiallyÏpermitted€by€the€Fish€and€Wildlife€Service.Ìà  àà ` àÌò òIV.€€PROPOSED€DISAPPROVAL€OFò òó ó€THE€€EMISSION€INVENTORY,€MODELING,€ANDÐ    ÐATTAINMENT€DEMONSTRATION€IN€THE€SERIOUS€PM„10€NONATTAINMENTÏAREA€SIPó óà ` àÐ å € Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àÌò òA.€Emission€Inventoryó óÐ Å `  ÐÓB.°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#°°XBÓÔUSCE.,ÔÌÔCE.,US.,2ŒÔÔUSCE.,Ôà  àÔCE.,US.,_ŒÔÔUSCE.,ÔAll€emission€inventories€must€be€current,€comprehensive,€and€complete.€€CAA€section€172Ï(c)(3).€Current€inventories€present€emissions€for€a€relatively€recent€year.€€ComprehensiveÏinventories€desegregate€the€emission€sources€into€many.€€Complete€inventories€address€all€of€theÏsources€of€emissions€of€the€subject€pollutant€in€the€area€of€concern.ÔCE.,US.,—ŒÔÔUSCE.,Ô€€ÌÌà  àThe€1997€Serious€Plan€describes€the€average€annual€emissions€of€directly€emitted€PM„10Ïfor€the€base€and€current€attainment€years€(1995€and€2001)€and€the€March€11,€1994€and€2001€designÏday€for€the€1,500€square€mile€Las€Vegas€Valley.ÔCE.,US.,ŽÔÔUSCE.,Ô€€TheÔCE.,US.,?ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€significant€sources€forÔCE.,US.,pÔÔUSCE.,Ô€the€24„hour€standardÏwere€found€to€be€construction€activities€which€contribute€48.5%ÔCE.,US.,´ÔÔUSCE.,Ô,€disturbed€vacant€land€with€30.9%,Ïand€natural€sources€with€14%€of€the€totalÔCE.,US.,5ÔÔUSCE.,Ô.€€The€total€for€these€three€sources€is€93.4%.ÔCE.,US.,®ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€ÔCE.,US.,‘ÔÔUSCE.,ÔTheÏsignificant€sources€forÔCE.,US.,5‘ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€the€annual€standard€were€found€to€be€construction€activities€whichÏcontribute€42.6%ÔCE.,US.,|‘ÔÔUSCE.,Ô.€Paved€and€unpaved€road€dust€contributesÔCE.,US.,ü‘ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€11.1%,€disturbed€vacant€land€withÏ6.4%,€ÔCE.,US.,Q’ÔÔUSCE.,ÔandÔCE.,US.,¦’ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€natural€sources€with€36.2%€of€the€totalÔCE.,US.,Õ’ÔÔUSCE.,Ô.€€The€total€for€these€four€sources€is€96.3%ÔCE.,US.,)“ÔÔUSCE.,Ô.׃ª×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú47Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ÔCE.,US.,“ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€Ð å€ ÐÌà  àÔCE.,US.,”ÔÔUSCE.,ÔGenerally€the€inventory€estimates€in€the€1997€Serious€Plan€are€well€documented,€theÏinventory€is€reasonably€current€and€the€categorization€of€the€inventory€is€fairly€complete.€ÏHowever,€the€planððs€inventory€has€several€significant€shortcomings:ÌÌÝ‚a‡¦ÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚a‡¦\•Ýð"ðà0  àÝ  ÝThe€1997€Serious€Plan€does€not€address€inventories€for€condensible€particulate€or€PM„10Ð …  Ðprecursors,€including€volatile€organic€compounds€(VOC),€nitrogen€oxides€(NOx),€sulfurÏdioxide€(SO2),€and€ammonia€(NH3).€€The€insignificance€of€these€particulate€sources€isÏaddressed€in€the€modeling€section€of€this€TSD.€€Based€on€air€quality€analysis,€these€sourcesÏwould€appear€to€have€a€de€minimis€impact.€€€Ýƒa‡¦\•w•݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ‚a‡¦ÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚a‡¦—Ýð"ðà0  àÝ  ÝThe€1997€Serious€Plan€does€not€include€emission€estimates€for€Ô_ÔwoodburningÔ_Ô€stoves,€airportÐ 5%Ð # Ðactivities,€agricultural€activities,€various€cooking€methods,€off„road€vehicle€exhaust,€andÏlawn€care€equipment.ÔCE.,US.,Q”ÔÔUSCE.,Ô݃a‡¦—œ—݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àThe€1997€Serious€Plan€acknowledges€that€primary,€condensible,€and€secondary€PM„10Ïconstitute€what€is€called€PM„10,€but€does€not€address€condensible€and€secondary€PM„10€in€theÐ å)€%( Ðinventory.€€The€planððs€explanation€for€not€including€emissions€from€condensible€and€secondaryÏPM„10ÔCE.,US.,â˜ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€is€that€these€emission€categories€do€not€contribute€significantly€to€the€emission€or€airÏquality€totals.€€Condensible€and€secondary€PM„10€generally€are€not€addressed€in€PM„10Ïinventories€because€of€their€de€minimis€ambient€air€quality€contribution.€€Clark€County€will€needÏto€include€emissions€from€these€source€categories€of€directly€emitted€PM„10€in€its€revisedÏinventories€and€cite€evidence€of€the€triviality€of€secondary€and€condensible€emissionsÏcontributions.ò òÐ    ÐÌó óÔCE.,US.,šÔÔUSCE.,Ôà  àThe€1997€Serious€Plan€describes€non„anthropogenic€or€natural€background€sources€as€beingÐ å € Ð36%€of€the€annual€average€concentrations€observed€in€the€Las€Vegas€Valley.€€This€is€based€onÏmeasurements€at€the€Jean€background€monitoring€site,€at€18€ððg/m3,€being€36%€of€the€annualÏdesign€value,€50€ððg/m3.€€Similarly,€natural€background€is€16%€of€the€24„hour€design€valueÏconcentration€of€200€ððg/m3.€€For€purposes€of€the€proportional€rollback€attainment€demonstration,Ïthis€portion€remains€constant,€being€unaffected€by€control€measures;€this€was€handledÏappropriately€in€the€submittal€(chapter€5).€€However,€it€is€misleading€to€use€these€percentages€toÏdraw€conclusions€about€the€emission€inventory,€as€was€done€in€Appendix€B€(section€4.3.3.1)€andÏchapter€5.€€The€percentages€do€not€translate€into€tons€per€year€of€PM„10€emissions€from€"naturalÏsources"€that€can€be€included€in€an€emissions€inventory,€and€do€not€correspond€to€emission€sourcesÏthat€could€be€controlled.€€The€emissions€that€generate€the€annual€18€ððg/m3€were€not€calculatedÏfrom€emission€factors€applied€to€activities€or€to€land€areas€as€is€done€in€an€inventory.€€Instead,€theÏannual€31,414€tons€per€year€from€"natural€sources"€is€a€fictitious€amount€back„calculated€so€that€itÏis€36%€of€the€total€annual€inventory.€€It€is€valid€as€an€indicator€of€the€relative€amount€of€the€naturalÏas€opposed€to€the€anthropogenic€contribution€to€ambient€concentrations,€but€not€as€an€emissionÏinventory€category.€€Despite€this€objection,€the€proportional€rollback€was€handled€properly€in€theÏplanððs€attainment€demonstration€(chapter€5).ÔCE.,US.,™œÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌÌà  àEPA€proposes€to€disapprove€the€emissions€inventory€given€the€above€deficiencies.€ÔCE.,US.,£ÔÌÌò òB.€€Mobile€Source€Emissions€Budgetó óà À àò òñ3pñà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð àñ3pñÔ_ÔÐ ¥@ ÐÌà  àó óIn€Las€Vegas,€Nevada,€the€1997€Serious€Plan€did€not€establish€any€PM„10€emission€budgetsÐ …  Ðfor€the€annual€or€24€hour€PM„10€standard.€Thus€the€plan€does€not€contain€Ìemission€budgets€that€are€adequate€for€use€in€conformity€determinations.€In€a€letter€dated€July€12,Ï1999,€from€EPA€to€the€Nevada€Division€of€Environmental€Protection,€Region€IX€determined€thatÏthe€area's€budgets€are€inadequate€and€we€published€that€finding€on€November€1,€1999.€€64€FRÏ58837.€€The€PM„10€mobile€source€emissions€budget€must€include€re„entrained€dust€from€pavedÏand€unpaved€roads,€emissions€from€tire€and€brake€wear,€construction€emissions€from€highway€andÏother€transportation€projects,€and€tailpipe€emissions.à  àò òÐ '°"% ÐÌC.€€Modeling€and€Attainment€Demonstrationó óÐ õ($' ÐÓE1°°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#°°XEÓà  àÌà  àÔUSCE.,ÔThe€SIP€must€provide€a€detailed€demonstration€(including€air€quality€modeling)€that€theÏspecified€set€of€strategies€will€reduce€PM„10€emissions€so€that€the€standards€will€be€attained€asÏsoon€as€practicable€but€no€later€than€December€31,€2001€or,€for€an€extension€beyond€that€date,€aÐ µ,P(+ Ðdemonstration€that€attainment€by€December€31,€2001€would€be€impracticable.Ô_Ô׃2×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú48Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô_Ô€€ÔCE.,US.,ð§ÔÔUSCE.,ÔEPA€considers€theÐ e Ðarea€to€be€in€attainment€of€the€NAAQS€if€24„hour€ÔCE.,US., ªÔÔUSCE.,Ôconcentrations€are€150ÔCE.,US.,ŽªÔÔUSCE.,Ô€ððg/m3€ÔCE.,US.,ЪÔÔUSCE.,Ôor€less€and€theÏannual€arithmetic€mean€is€50ÔCE.,US.,«ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€ððg/m3€ÔCE.,US.,^«ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€or€less.ÔCE.,US.,”«ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€€The€attainment€demonstration€in€the€1997€SeriousÏPlan€applies€to€both€the€24„hour€and€the€annual€NAAQS.€€The€1997€Serious€PlanÔCE.,US.,É«ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€does€purport€toÏdemonstrate€attainment€for€the€annual€standard€by€2001€with€a€modeled€concentration€of€49.79Ïððg/m3ÔCE.,US.,u¬ÔÔUSCE.,Ô,€0.21€ððg/m3ÔCE.,US.,­ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€below€the€national€annual€standard.€€ÔCE.,US.,R­ÔÔUSCE.,ÔThe€1997€Serious€PlanÔCE.,US.,¤­ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€does€notÏdemonstrate€attainment€for€the€24„hour€standard€by€2001,€since€the€modeled€concentrationÔCE.,US.,å­ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€ofÏ212.35€ððg/m3ÔCE.,US.,s®ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€is€62.35€ððg/m3ÔCE.,US.,²®ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€above€the€national€24„hour€standard.׃«×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú49Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ÔCE.,US.,ð®ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€€ÔCE.,US.,•¯ÔÐ õ  ÐÌà  àThe€use€of€proportional€rollback€in€PM„10€attainment€demonstrations€was€allowed€underÏEPA€guidance€for€small€isolated€areas€and€for€those€initial€nonattainment€areas€required€to€developÏa€modeling€analysis€prior€to€November€15,€1991.€(See€EPA€memoranda€"PM„10€SIPÏDemonstrations€for€Small€Isolated€Areas€With€Spatially€Uniform€Emissions"€„€Robert€Bauman€&ÏJoseph€Tikvart€7/5/90,€and€"PM„10€SIP€Demonstration€Policy€for€Initial€Moderate€NonattainmentÏAreas"€„€John€Calcagni€and€William€Laxton,€3/4/91).€However,€the€Las€Vegas€valley€is€arguablyÏnot€covered€by€these€policies€since€it€is€not€a€small€area,€does€not€necessarily€have€uniformÏemissions,€and€is€no€longer€an€initial€moderate€nonattainment€area.€€Later€guidance,€including€theÏPM10€SIP€Development€Guideline€(EPA„450/2„86„001,€June€1987)€and€the€Guideline€on€AirÏQuality€Models€(40€CFR€part€51,€Appendix€W),€lists€the€following€attainment€demonstrationÏapproaches,€in€order€of€preference:€1)€dispersion€model€plus€a€receptor€model,€2)€dispersion€modelÏalone,€and€3)€two€reconciled€receptor€models.€All€of€these€argue€against€the€rollback€approach€usedÏin€the€1997€Serious€Plan.ÌÌà  àHowever,€given€the€widely€recognized€uncertainty€in€PM„10€emissions€for€fugitive€dust,Ïand€the€limited€ability€of€receptor€models€to€distinguish€among€different€fugitive€dust€sources,Ïthere€are€drawbacks€to€dispersion€and€receptor€models,€respectively.€Thus,€the€Guideline€also€statesÏthat€"where€area€sources€are€a€predominant€component€of€PM10,€an€attainment€demonstration€mayÏbe€based€on€rollback€of€the€apportionment€derived€from€two€reconciled€receptor€models,€if€theÏstrategy€provides€a€conservative€demonstration€of€attainment".€If€the€guideline€approaches€areÏrejected,€there€must€be€a€showing€that€this€is€justified.ÌÌà  àUnder€proportional€rollback€it€is€assumed€that€PM„10€monitored€concentrations€aboveÏbackground€are€directly€proportional€to€total€PM„10€emissions€in€the€area,€irrespective€of€sources'Ïdistances€to€the€monitor.€It€is€also€assumed€that€the€site€with€the€highest€concentration€isÏ"controlling"€in€the€sense€that€showing€attainment€there€will€guarantee€attainment€everywhere.Ð E$à" ÐThese€assumptions€may€be€true€if€there€is€a€single€source€type€that€is€evenly€distributed€or€well„¼mixed€throughout€the€area.€However,€different€sources€may€contribute€in€different€proportions€atÏdifferent€locations€in€an€area.€This€is€to€be€expected€for€a€localized€pollutant€like€PM„10.€Thus€theÏPM10€SIP€Development€Guideline,€sections€6.4.2€and€6.4.3,€describes€performing€rollback€atÏmultiple€sites€as€part€of€an€attainment€demonstration.ÌÌà  àAppendix€H,€"Documentation€on€Modeling€PM„10€Emissions",€of€the€1997€Serious€PlanÏdescribes€the€emission€inventory€for€the€nonattainment€area€and€"microinventories"€of€two€sub„¼areas,€and€the€efforts€of€contractor€DRI€to€use€the€Chemical€Mass€Balance€(CMB)€receptor€modelÏand€the€ISCST3€dispersion€model.ÌÌà  àThe€percentages€of€emissions€for€some€source€categories€within€the€sub„area€inventoriesÏwere€similar€to€those€for€the€whole€nonattainment€area€(categories€such€as€industrial€and€motorÏvehicle€emissions,€and€various€construction€sub„categories).€This€similarity€held€for€both€annualÏ(City€Center€sub„area)€and€24„hour€PM„10€(Maycliffe€sub„area).€€However,€the€paved€roadÏpercentages€in€the€sub„area€inventories€were€roughly€triple€those€for€the€full€area.€This€and€theÏother€differences€beg€the€question€of€what€the€percentages€would€be€for€other€sub„areas.€TheÏanswer€to€this€could€have€a€large€impact€on€the€choice€of€control€strategies€and€their€stringencyÏneeded€to€demonstrate€attainment.ÌÌà  àIt€seems€doubtful€that€rollback€based€on€a€valley„wide€inventory€is€appropriate€for€showingÏattainment€at€specific€locations,€given€the€localized€nature€of€PM„10€and€the€varying€number€andÏdistance€of€sources€contributing€to€a€given€location's€PM„10€concentrations.€In€particular,€it€wasÏnot€shown€whether€the€area€inventory€or€any€particular€site€is€"controlling"€for€purposes€of€anÏattainment€demonstration.€At€the€very€least€a€rollback€should€be€performed€on€microinventories€forÏa€set€of€sites€chosen€to€represent€the€varying€source€contributions,€taking€into€account€the€futureÏdistribution€of€emissions.€This€would€provide€a€surrogate€for€a€dispersion€model's€ability€to€predictÏconcentrations€at€locations€other€than€monitoring€sites.ÌÌà  àThe€CMB€results€were€roughly€the€same€as€the€inventory€in€that€both€identified€fugitiveÏdust€contributing€90%€to€the€PM„10€problem.€€Because€CMB€cannot€distinguish€between€theÏvarious€categories€of€fugitive€dust,€it€is€not€by€itself€sufficient€for€an€attainment€demonstration;€itÏcan't€indicate€which€particular€dust€categories€need€control€in€what€proportion.€Additional€receptorÏmodels,€such€as€microscopic€particle€identification€and€various€multivariate€approaches€might€helpÏwith€this.€In€previous€SIP€submittals,€a€number€of€areas€combined€CMB€with€proportional€rollbackÏto€apportion€sources€CMB€could€not€distinguish,€though€there€were€generally€more€than€just€theÏsingle€fugitive€dust€category€to€apportion.ÌÌà  àThe€ISC€model€predicted€absolute€concentrations€around€triple€the€observations€for€annualÏPM„10€(submittal€Appendix€H.3.3).€While€it€confirmed€the€large€percentage€total€due€to€fugitiveÏdust,€the€percentages€allocated€to€subcategories€differ€substantially€from€the€percentages€in€theÏinventory.€There€is€little€documentation€in€the€submittal€on€any€efforts€made€to€reconcile€theseÏdifferences.€The€differences€probably€stem€largely€from€the€fact€that€distances€of€sources'Ïemissions€are€taken€into€account€in€estimating€their€impact.€This€is€very€desirable,€but€with€theÐ µ,P(+ ÐÑ~ïO Ñâ ~âÑeeÑâ ~âÑ  Ñemissions€themselves€uncertain,€it€may€not€be€possible€to€do€so€in€a€meaningful€way.ÌÌà  àò òó óSecondary€particulates€(those€not€directly€emitted€but€forming€in€the€atmosphere€fromÐ Eà Ðprecursors)€are€not€addressed€in€the€modeling€approach€in€the€submittal.€According€to€theÏsubmittal's€CMB€model€results€(in€Appendix€H.3.2),€these€are€only€a€small€proportion€of€theÏmeasured€PM„10,€but€they€need€to€be€taken€into€account.€The€effect€of€ignoring€them€in€rollback€isÏto€assume€that€they€reduce€in€the€same€proportion€as€primary€particulates,€but€they€should€be€heldÏconstant€since€they€are€not€affected€by€control€measures€aimed€at€primary€particulates.ÌÌòòConclusionóóÐ Õ p  ÐÌà  àThough€some€solid€work€was€done€in€preparing€the€modeling€portion€of€the€submittal,€itÏdoes€not€adequately€account€for€differences€in€PM„10€source€contributions€at€different€locations.€ÏAdditional€dispersion€and€receptor€modeling€work€could€help€with€this,€with€a€minimum€being€theÏuse€of€proportional€rollback€at€multiple€sites€representative€of€the€varying€mix€of€sources€across€theÏLas€Vegas€Valley.€Lastly,€secondary€particulates€should€not€implicitly€be€assumed€to€decline.€TheÏ1997€Serious€Planððs€approach€is€not€adequate€for€an€attainment€demonstration,€such€as€that€offeredÏfor€the€annual€standard€for€2001.€€It€is€also€not€convincing€for€demonstrating€the€impracticability€ofÏattainment€by€2001€in€the€case€of€the€24„hour€standard.€€In€any€case€since€BACM€was€not€fullyÏimplemented,€the€impracticability€demonstration€cannot€be€approved.ÌÌò òV.€€PROPOSED€DISAPPROVAL€OF€REASONABLE€FURTHER€PROGRESS€(RFP)€/Ð ° ÐÔUSCE.,ÔQUANTITATIVE€MILESTONESÔCE.,US.,ÍÔ€IN€THE€PM„10€MODERATE€AND€SERIOUSÏNONATTAINMENT€AREA€SIPSÌó óÔUSCE.,Ôà  àÔCE.,US.,˜ÍÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌà  àThe€Moderate€Area€SIP€and€Serious€Area€SIP€for€the€Las€Vegas€ValleyÔCE.,US.,ÐÍÔÔUSCE.,Ô€do€not€containÏquantitative€€milestones€and€do€not€demonstrate€RFP€towards€attainment€by€the€applicable€date€forÏeither€PM„10€standard€×ƒ¬×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú50Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ÔCE.,US.,LÎÔÔUSCE.,Ô.Ð µP ÐÌÔCE.,US.,TÏÔò òVI.€€ADDITIONAL€DEFICIENCIES€IN€THE€PM„10€SERIOUS€NONATTAINMENTÐ •0 ÐAREA€SIPó óÐ …  Ðà  àà ` àÌØ*ØÓL€ Úù(hTLÓò òÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£•ÐÝÔ2ÚùÔÚ  ÚAÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝAdequate€Personnel,€Funding,€and€Authorityó ó݃3£•ÐÀÐÝŒÐe" ¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àSection€110(a)(2)(E)(I)€of€the€Clean€Air€Act€requires€that€implementation€plans€provideÏnecessary€assurances€that€the€state€(or€the€general€purpose€local€government)€will€have€adequateÏpersonnel,€funding€and€authority€under€state€law.€Requirements€for€legal€authority€are€furtherÏdefined€in€40€CFR€part€51,€subpart€L€(51.230-232)€and€for€resources€in€40€CFR€51.280.€States€andÏresponsible€local€agencies€must€demonstrate€that€they€have€the€legal€authority€to€adopt€and€enforceÐ ( #& Ðprovisions€of€the€SIP€and€to€obtain€information€necessary€to€determine€compliance.€SIPs€must€alsoÏdescribe€the€resources€that€are€available€or€will€be€available€to€the€State€and€local€agencies€to€carryÏout€the€plan,€both€at€the€time€of€submittal€and€during€the€5-year€period€following€submittal.ÔUSCE.,Ô€TheÏ1997€Serious€Plan€does€notÔCE.,US.,®ÔÔÔUSCE.,Ô€adequately€address€ÔCE.,US.,ùÔÔpersonnel€and€fundingÔUSCE.,Ô€for€the€air€program€in€theÏLas€Vegas€Valley.€€The€Plan€needs€to€detail€the€number€of€personnel€needed€to€carry€out€the€airÏprogram€as€well€as€the€funding€level€and€commit€to€these€levels€for€five€years.€€Ìà  àÔCE.,US.,NÕÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌò òÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£jÖÝÔ2ÚùÔÚ  ÚBÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝÔCE.,US.,TÖÔDescription€of€Enforcement€Methodsó ó݃3£jÖ•ÖÝŒÐõ ¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àSection€110(a)(2)(C)€requires€SIPs€to€include€a€program€to€provide€for€the€enforcement€ofÌSIP€measures.€The€implementing€regulation€for€this€section€is€found€at€40€CFR€51.111(a)€andÏrequires€control€strategies€to€include€a€description€of€enforcement€methods€including€(1)Ïprocedures€for€monitoring€compliance€(including€inspection€strategy)€with€each€of€the€selectedÏcontrol€measures,€(2)€procedures€for€handling€violations,€and€(3)€the€designation€of€the€agencyÏresponsible€for€enforcement.ÔUSCE.,Ô€€ÔCE.,US.,hÙÔProcedures€for€monitoring€complianceÔUSCE.,Ô€with€existing€regulations€isÏmissing€from€the€1997€Serious€Plan.€Any€future€PM„10€plan€must€address€these€requirements.Ìà  àÌò òÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£UÚÝÔ2ÚùÔÚ  ÚCÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝContingency€Measuresó ó݃3£UÚ€ÚÝŒÐUð¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÔCE.,US.,ºÙÔà  àThe€State€is€also€required€to€submit€contingency€measures€pursuant€to€CAA€sectionÏ172(c)(9).ÔUSCE.,Ô€€ÔCE.,US.,¶ÛÔÔUSCE.,ÔContingency€measures€for€moderate€areas€were€required€to€be€submitted€to€EPA€byÏNovember€15,€1993.€€57€FR€13543.€€Contingency€measures€are€required€to€be€submitted€forÏmoderate€areas€reclassified€as€serious€no€later€than€three€years€from€the€date€of€reclassification.€ÏAddendum€at€42015.€The€State€has€not€met€these€deadlines.€€Contingency€measures€consist€ofÏother€available€measures€that€are€not€part€of€the€area's€initial€control€strategy.€These€measures€mustÏtake€effect€without€further€action€by€the€State€or€EPA€upon€determination€by€EPA€that€the€area€hasÏeither:€(1)€failed€to€attain€the€PM„10€NAAQS€by€the€applicable€deadline;€or€(2)€failed€to€makeÏreasonable€further€progress.€ÔCE.,US.,äÛÔÔUSCE.,ÔWhile€EPA€is€not€taking€action€on€the€Stateððs€failure€to€submitÏcontingency€measures€in€this€rulemaking,€the€Agency€expects€the€State€to€submit€contingencyÏmeasures€in€a€future€SIP€revision.€€€€ÔCE.,US.,¾ÞÔ¹ÓL€ xúù((LÓò òò òó óó óà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àÌò òD.€€Transportation€Conformityó óÐ u! ÐÌà  àTransportation€conformity€is€required€by€section€Ô_Ô176€(c)Ô_Ô€of€the€Clean€Air€Act.€EPA'sÏconformity€rule,€40€CFR€part€93,€requires€that€transportation€plans,€programs,€and€projectsÏconform€to€state€air€quality€implementation€plans€and€establishes€the€criteria€and€procedures€forÏdetermining€whether€or€not€they€do.ÌÌà  àConformity€to€a€SIP€means€that€transportation€activities€will€not€produce€new€air€qualityÏviolations,€worsen€existing€violations,€or€delay€timely€attainment€of€the€NAAQS.€€The€criteria€byÏwhich€we€determine€whether€a€SIP's€motor€vehicle€emission€budgets€are€adequate€for€conformityÏpurposes€are€outlined€in€40€CFR€93.118(e)(4).ÌÌà  àOn€March€2,€1999,€the€Ô_ÔD.C.€Circuit€Court€of€Appeals€ruled€that€submitted€SIPs€cannot€beÐ µ,P(+ Ðused€for€conformity€determinations€unless€EPA€has€affirmatively€found€the€conformity€budgetÏadequate€through€a€process€providing€for€public€notice€and€comment.€Where€EPA€finds€a€Ìbudget€inadequate,€it€cannot€be€used€for€conformity€determinations.€€As€discussed€in€(IV)ñ,pñ,ñ,pññ-pñ(ñ-pññ/pñ€ñ.pñ)ñ.pññ/pñBñ0pñ)ñ0pñ,€ñ1pñ€ñ1pñEPAÏdetermined€that€the€PM„10€mobile€source€emission€budgets€for€the€Las€Vegas€Valley€areÏinadequate€and€thus€cannot€be€used€for€conformity€determination.€€The€new€process€forÏdetermining€the€adequacy€of€submitted€SIP€budgets€is€contained€in€a€May€14,€1999,€memo€titledÏð ðConformity€Guidance€on€Implementation€of€March€2,€1999€Conformity€Court€Decision.ðð€€EPAÏwill€be€revising€the€conformity€rule€to€codify€this€guidance.€You€can€obtain€this€guidance€atÏhttp://www.epa.gov/otaq/traq€from€this€website,€click€on€the€conformity€button€and€look€for€Ìð ðAdequacy€Review€of€SIP€Submissions€for€Conformity.ððÌÌà  àÔ#†XåcXX Xrû=#ÔÓE.°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#°°°XEÓÔ‡jXrûXXXåcÔOne€of€the€conformity€consequences€of€the€overall€plan€disapproval€is€commencement€of€aÐ µP  Ðconformity€freeze.€Under€a€conformity€freeze,€the€area€can€only€move€forward€on€transportationÏprojects€included€in€the€first€three€years€of€the€transportation€plan€and€no€new€transportation€plansÏcan€be€adopted€until€the€freeze€is€lifted.€€€If€the€area€submits€a€new€PM„10€SIP€with€PM„10Ïbudgets,€once€the€PM„10€budgets€are€deemed€adequate€by€EPA,€the€freeze€is€lifted.€€If€the€area€is€inÏa€conformity€freeze€and€a€conformity€lapse€occurs,€the€area€can€not€come€out€of€the€lapse€until€theÏfreeze€is€lifted.€€Note€that€the€conformity€freeze€would€not€begin€until€the€effective€date€of€the€finalÏplan€disapproval.ÌÔ#†XåcXXjXrûèç#ÔÔ‡ XrûXXXåcÔà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àÌò òE.€€€€ÔUSCE.,ÔExtension€of€the€Attainment€Deadlineó óÔCE.,US.,œëÔà À àà  àà p àÐ %À ÐÌà  àÔUSCE.,ÔCAA€section€188(e)€allows€states€to€apply€for€up€to€a€5„year€extension€of€the€serious€areaÏattainment€deadline€of€December€31,€2001.€€In€order€to€obtain€the€extension,€the€state€mustÏdemonstrate€that:€(1)€attainment€by€2001€would€be€impracticable,€(2)€the€state€complied€with€allÏrequirements€and€commitments€pertaining€to€the€area€in€the€implementation€plan€for€the€area,€(3)Ïthe€state€demonstrates€to€the€satisfaction€of€the€Administrator€that€the€plan€for€the€area€includes€theÏmost€stringent€measures€that€are€included€in€the€plan€of€any€state€or€are€achieved€in€practice€in€anyÏstate,€and€can€feasiblely€be€implemented€in€the€area.ñ2pñ׃ã×ñ2pññ2pñ׃í×ñ2pñÝ ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú51Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ÔCE.,US.,5ìÔÔUSCE.,Ô€€The€stateððs€request€for€an€extension€mustÐ ¥@ Ðalso€contain€a€demonstration€of€attainment€by€the€most€expeditious€alternative€date€practicable.ò òÔCE.,US.,WïÔó óÔUSCE.,Ô€ForÐ •0 Ða€complete€discussion€of€EPAððs€proposed€interpretation€of€section€188(e),€see€65€FR€19964,Ï19967„19969€(Apr.€13,€2000)(proposed€approval€of€the€Maricopa€County€PM„10€serious€areaÏnonattainment€plan).€€EPA€is€proposing€to€deny€the€State€of€Nevadaððs€request€for€an€extension€forÏfailing€to€adequately€demonstrateÔCE.,US.,,ðÔÔUSCE.,Ô€that€the€area€cannot€practicably€attain€the€24„hour€PM„10Ïstandard€by€December€31,€2001ÔCE.,US.,­ñÔÔUSCE.,Ô.€€Therefore,€the€areaððs€attainment€deadline€for€both€standardsÐ E$à" Ðremains€as€soon€as€practicable€but€no€later€than€December€31,€2001.ÔCE.,US.,1òÔÌÌò òVII.€€SUMMARY€OF€PROPOSED€ACTIONó óÐ Eà Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àÌÔUSCE.,Ôà  àEPA€is€proposing€ÔCE.,US.,YóÔÔUSCE.,Ôto€disapproveÔCE.,US.,¢óÔÔUSCE.,Ô€theÔCE.,US.,ÛóÔÔUSCE.,Ô€RACM/RACT€provisions€in€the€Moderate€Area€SIPÏbecause€the€SIP€fails€to€assure€the€implementation€of€RACM/RACT€for€allò òó ó€significant€sourceÐ  ° Ðcategories€for€both€the€annual€and€24„hour€standards.€€€EPA€is€also€proposing€ÔCE.,US., ôÔÔUSCE.,Ôto€disapproveÔCE.,US.,)õÔÔUSCE.,Ô€theÏModerate€Area€SIP€and€Serious€Area€SIP€for€the€Las€Vegas€ValleyÔCE.,US.,bõÔÔUSCE.,Ô€since€they€do€not€containÏquantitative€€milestones€and€do€not€demonstrate€RFP€towards€attainment€by€the€applicable€date€forÏeither€PM„10€standardÔCE.,US.,ÒõÔÔUSCE.,Ô.€ÔCE.,US.,öÔÔUSCE.,Ô€All€the€other€provisions€of€the€Moderate€Area€SIP,€including€theÏattainment€demonstration,€emission€inventories,€and€modelingò òó óÔCE.,US.,¾öÔÔUSCE.,Ô€have€been€superseded€byò òó ó€theÐ Å `  ÐSerious€Area€SIP€and€EPA€is€not€acting€on€these€provisions.ò òò òó óó óÐ µP  ÐÌà  àEPA€is€also€proposing€to€disapproveÔCE.,US.,n÷ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€the€Serious€Area€SIPÔCE.,US.,]øÔÔUSCE.,Ô€based€upon€the€followingÏdefects:ÌÌÔCE.,US.,žøÔØØÓL€  ú((xLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÔUSCE.,ÔÝ‚3£YùÝÔ2 úÔÚ  Ú1Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝFailure€to€provide€for€the€implementation€of€BACM€for€both€the€annual€and€24„hourÐ e ÐNAAQSò òò òÔCE.,US.,„ùÔÔUSCE.,Ôó óó ó݃3£Yù–ùÝŒÐUð¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  Ýà0  àà0` ¾#¾#àÔCE.,US.,zúÔÔUSCE.,ÔFailure€to€demonstrate€that€the€control€measures€Ý‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó óin€the€SIPs€constituteÝ‚mÿRûóó óÝñ4pñó óñ4pññ3pñó óñ3pññ2pñó óó óó óó óñ2pññ1pñó óñ1pñÝ  Ý€€€Ð Eà ÐRACM/BACM€for€all€significant€sources.ÔCE.,US.,ûÔÔUSCE.,ÔÐ ` ¾#` ¾# Ðà  àà ` àFailure€to€provide€an€adequate€justification€for€not€implementing€available€control€€€€Ï€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à ` àmeasures.ÔCE.,US.,AüÔÔUSCE.,Ô€€ÔCE.,US.,ýÔÔUSCE.,ÔÐ ° Ðà  àà ` àInÝ‚m6ºÿÝò òÝ  Ýó ósufficient€stringency€of€someÝ‚mÿŽýóó óÝñ4pñó óñ4pññ3pñó óñ3pññ2pñó óó óó óó óñ2pññ1pñó óñ1pñÝ  Ý€measures.ÔCE.,US.,MýÔÔUSCE.,ÔÐ   Ðà  àà ` àFailure€of€certain€measures€to€be€fully€enforceable.ÔCE.,US.,PþÔÔUSCE.,Ô.€€ÔCE.,US.,ÝþÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌÓL€ |*ú((LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£kÿÝÔ2*úÔÚ  Ú2Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝÔCE.,US., ÿÔÔUSCE.,ÔFailure€to€demonstrate€attainmentÔCE.,US., ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€by€December€31,€2001€or€failure€to€demonstrate€thatÐ å€ Ðattainment€by€that€date€is€impracticableò òÔCE.,US.,VÔÔUSCE.,Ôó ó.݃3£kÿ–ÿÝŒÐÕp¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£OÝÔ2*úÔÚ  Ú3Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝÔCE.,US.,öÔÔUSCE.,ÔFailure€to€provide€a€comprehensive€emissions€inventory€of€PM„10€and€PM„10€precursorÐ Å` Ðsources.€€Ýƒ3£Oz݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÔCE.,US.,íÔÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÔUSCE.,ÔÝ‚3£ÆÝÔ2*úÔÚ  Ú4Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝÔCE.,US.,ñÔÔUSCE.,ÔFailure€to€provide€mobile€source€budgets€with€respect€to€the€24€hour€and€the€annualÐ ¥@ Ðstandards€and€secondary€particulates€in€emissions€modeling.݃3£ÆÝŒÐ ¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÔCE.,US.,vÔÔUSCE.,ÔÌà  àSubmitted€with€the€Serious€Area€SIP€was€a€request€for€a€five€year€extension€of€the€seriousÏarea€attainment€deadline€for€Las€Vegas€ValleyÔCE.,US.,€ÔÔUSCE.,Ô.€€EPA€is€also€proposing€to€deny€thatò òòò€óóó órequestÔCE.,US.,AÔÔUSCE.,Ô€becauseÐ e"  Ðthe€Las€Vegas€Valley€failed€toÔCE.,US.,¦ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€adequately€demonstrate€why€theò òó ó€area€cannot€meet€the€attainmentÐ U#ð! Ðdeadline€of€December€31,€2001.ÔCE.,US., ÔÌà  àà ` àÌò òVIII.€€REFERENCESó óà  àÐ %&À!$ ÐÌ1.€ð ðParticulate€Matter€(PM10)€Attainment€Demonstration€Plan:€Final€Reportðð,€Clark€County€BoardÏof€Commissioners,€August€1997.ÌÌ2.€ð ðAddendum€to€the€Particulate€Matter€(PM10)€Attainment€Demonstration€Plan:€Appendix€E€andÏF€Replacementsðð,€Clark€County€Board€of€Commissioners,€September€1997.Ìà  àà ` àÐ µ,P(+ Ð3.€ð ðPM„10€State€Implementation€Plan€for€the€Las€Vegas€Valley:€Providing€for€the€Evaluation,ÏAdoption,€and€Implementation€of€Best€Available€Control€Measures€and€Best€Available€ControlÏTechnology€to€Improve€PM„10€Air€Qualityðð,€Clark€County€Department€of€ComprehensiveÏPlanning,€Las€Vegas,€Nevada,€December€6,€1994.ÌÌ4.€ð ðPM10€Air€Quality€Implementation€Plan€Las€Vegas€Valley€Clark€County,€Nevadaðð,€ClarkÏCounty€Board€of€Commissioners,€November€5,€1991.ÌÌ5.€ð ðAddendum€to€the€ð ðModerate€Areaðð€PM10€Air€Quality€Implementation€Plan€„€Las€Vegas€ValleyÏ„€Clark€County,€Nevadaðð,€Clark€County€Department€of€Comprehensive€Planning,€January€12,Ï1995.ÌÌà  àÌò òIX.€ATTACHMENTSó óÐ •0  ÐÌà  àThe€following€list€of€attachments€(excluding€attachment€1€and€2€which€were€prepared€byÏEPA€for€this€TSD)€include€copies€of€documents€where€EPA€has€provided€detailed€comments.ÌÌ1.€ð ðList€of€submitted€measures€in€the€Moderate€Area€SIP€and/or€Serious€Area€SIP€and€theirÏpurposeððÌÌ2.€ð ðRACM€and€BACM€pertaining€to€significant€fugitive€dust€sourcesððÌÌ3.€ð ðApplication€for€Dust€Control€Permit€for€Construction€Activities€òòincludingóó€Surface€Grading€andÐ õ ÐTrenchingððÌÌ4.€ð ðDistrict€Board€of€Health€of€Clark€County€Air€Pollution€Control€Regulations:€Section€41€„ÏFugitive€Dustðð,€June€25,€1992.ÌÌ5.€ð ðDistrict€Board€of€Health€of€Clark€County€Air€Pollution€Control€Regulations:€Section€17€„€DustÏControl€Permit€for€Construction€Activities€including€Surface€Grading€and€Trenchingðð,€January€23,Ï1997.ÌÌ6.€Cooperative€Agreement€Between€Clark€County€Health€District€and€County€of€ClarkÌÌ7.€County€Ordinance€1541ÌÐ  %&À!$ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð àà (# à¼ÔUSCE.,ÔAttachment€1ÔCE.,US.,›ÔÌÌò òÔUSCE.,ÔList€of€submitted€measures€included€in€the€Moderate€Area€SIP€and/or€Serious€Area€SIP€andÐ 5Ð Ðtheir€purposeó óÐ %À Ðà€¾#¾#L¾#àˆÌòòGeneralóóÐ    ÐÌÓL€ œ‘h(|LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ÿÝÔ2‘Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòRule€41ó󀄀establishes€basic€standards€for€various€fugitive€dust€sources.€(Rule€41€revisionsÐ å € Ðare€discussed€in€the€Las€Vegas€submittals€as€a€construction€site€measure.)݃3£ÿ*݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòConstruction€SitesóóÐ µP  ÐÓL€ ðÈhhœLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£åÝÔ2ðÈÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòRule€17ó󀄀requires€permits€for€topsoil€disturbances€and€establishes€basic€permit€conditions.݃3£å݌Х@ ¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓL€ ÉhhLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£GÝÔ2ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòCCHD€permit€formó󀄀lists€dust€control€requirements€that€all€permitted€construction€sitesÐ •0  Ðmust€follow.€Ýƒ3£Gr݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓL€ ÉhhLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£¿ÝÔ2ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòCounty€Ordinance€(CO)€1538ó󀄀requires€a€CCHD€ð ðtopsoil€disturbance€permitðð€beforeÐ u Ðgrading.݃3£¿ê݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£äÝÔ2ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòRule€9ó󀄀establishes€minimum€fees€for€violations€of€topsoil€permits€and€non„metallicÐ Uð Ðmineral€processing€stationary€sources,€among€other€sources.݃3£ä݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£:ÝÔ2ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòCO€1623ó󀄀requires€that€land€use€plans€be€used€as€guidance€for€Clark€County€development.€Ýƒ3£:eÝŒÐ5о#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓL€ '`ÉhhLÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£™ÝÔ2`ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòCO€1058ó󀄀prohibits€spillage€of€aggregate€material€and€dirt€during€vehicle€travel€onÐ %À Ðhighways.݃3£™Ä݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòPaved€RoadsóóÐ õ ÐÓL€ 5Ahh'LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£0ÝÔ2AÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòExisting€street€cleaning€operationsó󀄀memorandums€or€letters€from€the€City€of€N.€LasÐ å€ ÐVegas,€City€of€Henderson,€Clark€County,€Nevada€Department€of€Transportation,€and€CityÏof€Las€Vegas€describe€equipment€in€use€and€frequency€of€street€sweeping.€Ýƒ3£0[݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòStationary€Sources€(e.g.€Non„Metallic€Mineral€Plants)óóà p àà È àÐ ¥@ ÐÓL€ (hh5LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ŸÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòRule€12ó󀄀the€moderate€SIP€submittals€state€that€this€rule€requires€BACT€for€new€orÐ •0 Ðmodified€non„major€sources€and€requires€LAER€for€new€or€modified€major€sources.݃3£ŸÊ݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòRule€34€New€Source€Performance€Standard€(NSPS)€requirementsó󀄀requires€control€of€newÐ u! Ðsource€fugitive€dust€process׃­×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú52Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€emissions.݃3£3ÝŒÐe" ¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£§ ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòCO€1541ó󀄀requires€control€of€unpaved€roads/parking€lots€located€at€certain€non„metallicÐ U#ð! Ðmineral€facilities.݃3£§ Ò ÝŒÐ ¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòUnpaved€RoadsóóÐ %&À!$ ÐÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£"ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòPM„10€offset€paving€program€and€associated€city€and€county€cooperative€agreementsóó€„Ð '°"% Ðestablishes€collection€of€fees€from€permitted€PM„10€sources€for€paving€of€unpaved€roads.݃3£"-"ÝŒÐ( #&¾#¾# ÐÑ‹OY&Ñâ ‹âѰeÑâ ‹âÑ  ÑŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£Á#ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòCO€1545ó󀄀establishes€requirements€associated€with€parcel€improvements€that€may€result€inÐ ° Ðstabilization€of€unpaved€roads.݃3£Á#ì#݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£%ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòCO€1966ó󀄀requires€road€paving€associated€with€land€improvements€in€the€PM„10Ð à Ðnonattainment€area,€per€amendments€in€1997.݃3£%+%݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£?&ÝÔ2Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòLocal€regulations€to€prevent€new€unpaved€roadsóó€(by€reference€only)€„€all€local€governmentsÐ pÀ Ðwithin€Las€Vegas€Valley€have€adopted€and€implemented€regulations€and€other€developmentÏstandards€which€require€paving€of€roadways€in€new€developments.݃3£?&j&݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÓL€ $0Éhh(LÓòòUnpaved€Parking€LotsóóÐ 0 € ÐÌÓL€ %@Éhh$LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£¿(ÝÔ2@ÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòLocal€regulations€to€prevent€new€unpaved€parking/staging€areasóó€(by€reference€only)€„€allÐ `  Ðlocal€governments€within€Las€Vegas€Valley€have€adopted€and€implemented€regulations€andÏother€development€standards€which€require€paving€of€unpaved€parking/staging€areas€in€newÏdevelopments.݃3£¿(ê(݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  Ýòòò òÌó óDisturbed€Vacant€LotsÐ À ÐÌÓL€ &PÉhh%LÓóóÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£+ÝÔ2PÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòEncourage€limits€on€off„road€motor€vehicle€use€on€public€landsóó€(by€reference€only)€„€ClarkÐ  ð ÐCounty€continues€to€work€with€the€Bureau€of€Land€Management€to€reduce€access€to€publicÏlands.݃3£+J+݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£,ÝÔ2PÉÔð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòLocal€government€policies€promoting€infill€developmentó󀄀these€may€help€reduce€vacantÐ pÀ Ðland€disturbances.݃3£,È,݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  Ýò òÌó óòòOff„Road€RacingóóÐ @ ÐÌÓL€ *¡hh&LÓÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£I.ÝÔ2¡Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòEncourage€limits€on€off„road€motor€vehicle€use€on€public€landsóó€(by€reference€only)€„€ClarkÐ  p ÐCounty€continues€to€work€with€the€Bureau€of€Land€Management€to€reduce€access€to€publicÏlands.òòò ò݃3£I.t.ÝŒÐP¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  Ýóóó óà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àÌòòMotor€VehiclesóóÐ à0 ÐÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£}0ÝÔ2¡Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòDiesel€inspection€maintenance€programó󀄀this€will€lower€PM„10€emissions€from€dieselÐ Ð  Ðtrucks.݃3£}0¨0݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ž1ÝÔ2¡Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòDocumentation€on€alternative€fuel€vehiclesó󀄀€€this€will€lower€PM„10€emissions€fromÔCE.,US.,ØÔÔUSCE.,Ô€countyÐ °"  Ðowner€vehicles݃3£ž1É1݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ù2ÝÔ2¡Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòDocumentation€on€ð ðlow€sulfur€fuelððó󀄀€this€will€lower€PM„10€emissions€fromÔCE.,US.,‚2ÔÔUSCE.,Ô€motorÐ $à" Ðvehicles.݃3£ù2$3݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  Ýò òÌó óòòWood€Burning€StovesóóÐ `'°"% ÐÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£€4ÝÔ2¡Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòCO€1249,€City€of€Las€Vegas€Ordinance€3538,€City€of€North€Las€Vegas€Ordinance€1020,Ð P( #& Ðand€City€of€Henderson€Ordinance€1697ó󀀄€these€ordinances€restrict€new€fireplaces€in€newÐ @)$' Ðconstruction.€Ýƒ3£€4«4݌Р¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ ‚3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£6ÝÔ2¡Ôð"ðÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòVoluntary€curtailment€outreach€programó󀄀addresses€haze€and€smoke€issues.݃3£6>6݌Р+p&)¾#¾# ÐŒÝ  ÝÐ  ,`'* ÐÔCE.,US.,Ú3Ôò òÔUSCE.,ÔAttachment€2ó óÔCE.,US.,H7ÔÐ ° ÐÌò òÔUSCE.,ÔRACM€and€BACM€submittals€pertaining€to€significant€fugitive€dust€sourcesó ó׃®×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú53Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð à ÐÔ*‹ƒ¯"°ddd Xdd Xdd X°¾#°¾#‹ÔÔ,¯dd ÔÔ,=dd ÔÔ,Ôdd ÔÔ,Ndd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ €€ €Ð ÐSourceÐ +€€ä4€ +ÐMeasureÐ +€€ä4€ +ÐSubmitted€as€RACMÐ +€€ä4€ +ÐSubmitted€as€BACMÐ $ä4€ $Ðò òGeneral€fugitiveÐ h ¸ Ðdustó ó,€includingÐ X ¨  Ðconstruction€sitesÐ  H ˜  ÐRule€41Ð  h ¸  ÐYes€(dated€6/25/92)׃±h×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú54Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.€Ð  h ¸  ÐNo.€(We€reviewed€theÏ1992€version€containedÏin€the€1995€RACMÏsubmittal.)€Ð  8 ˆ Ðò òConstructionÐ ¼  Ðsitesó óÐ  ¬ü  ÐRule€17Ð  ¼  ÐYes€(dated€5/28/92)׃²×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú55Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.€Ð  ¼  ÐYes,€but€only€òòproposedóóÐ ¼  Ðchanges€were€includedÏin€the€1994€BACMÏsubmittal׃³¼×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú56Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.Ð  ŒÜ  Ðð ð€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ððÐ  `  ÐCCHD€permit€form׃´\ ×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú57Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð  `  ÐNo.Ð  `  ÐYes׃µÔ×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú58Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.Ð  `  Ðð ð€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ððÐ  ”ä ÐCounty€OrdinanceÏ1538Ð  „Ô ÐYes.Ð  ”ä  ÐNo.€Ð  ”ä! Ðð ð€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ððÐ  X" ÐRule€9Ð  X# ÐYes.Ð  X$ ÐNo.Ð  X% Ðð ð€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ððÐ  ŒÜ& ÐCounty€OrdinanceÏ1623Ð  |Ì( ÐYes.Ð  ŒÜ) ÐNo.Ð  ŒÜ* Ðò òó óð ð€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ððÐ  P+ ÐCounty€OrdinanceÏ1058Ð  ð@- ÐYes.€Ð  P. ÐNo.Ѐ€ P/ ÐSourceÐ +€€d€ +ÐMeasureÐ +€€d€ +ÐSubmitted€as€RACMÐ +€€d€ +ÐSubmitted€as€BACMÐ $d€ $Ðò òPaved€roadsó óÐ  ˜è ÐDocumentation€onÏstreet€cleaningÏoperationsÐ  xÈ ÐYes.Ð  ˜è  ÐNo.Ð  ˜è  Ðò òNon„metallicÐ ü L  Ðmineral€plantsó óÐ  ì <  ÐRule€12Ð  ü L  ÐUnclear.€AnÏincomplete€copy€ofÏthe€rule€is€included€inÏthe€1991€ModerateÏPlan€but€not€discussedÏin€the€1995€RACMÏaddendum.Ð  œì  ÐYes,€but€only€òòproposedóóÐ ü L Ðchanges€were€includedÏin€the€1994€BACMÏPlan.Ð  Ì  Ðò òó óð ð€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ððÐ   p  ÐRule€34Ð   p  ÐYes.Ð   p  ÐBy€reference€only.Ð   p  Ðð ð€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ððÐ  ¤ô  ÐCounty€OrdinanceÏ1541Ð  ”ä ÐYes.Ð  ¤ô  ÐYes.€(Same€version€asÏin€RACM€submittal.)Ð  ”ä" Ðò òUnpaved€roadsó óÐ  h# ÐPM„10€offset€pavingÏprogramÐ  X% ÐYes.Ð  h& ÐYes.Ð  h' Ðð ð€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ððÐ  ŒÜ( ÐCounty€OrdinanceÏ1545Ð  |Ì* ÐYes.Ð  ŒÜ+ ÐNo.Ð  ŒÜ, Ðð ð€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ððÐ  P- ÐCounty€OrdinanceÏ1966Ð  ð@/ ÐNo.Ð  P0 ÐUnclear.€The€ordinanceÏwas€revised€in€JuneÏ1997€and€a€copy€isÏincluded€in€the€1997ÏSerious€Plan.Ð  À5 Ðð ð€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ððÐ  D”6 ÐLocal€govt.€pavingÏregulations€for€newÏdevelopment€Ð  $!t9 ÐBy€reference€only.Ð  D”: ÐNo.Ð  D”; Ðò òUnpaved€parkingÐ ¨"ø< Ðlotsó óÐ  ˜#è= ÐLocal€govt.€pavingÏregulations€for€newÏdevelopment€Ð  ˆ$Ø@ ÐBy€reference€only.Ð  ¨"øA ÐNo.Ð  ¨"øB Ðò òDisturbed€vacantÐ  &\!C Ðlandó óÐ  ü&L"D ÐEncourage€limits€onÏoff„road€motor€vehiclesÏon€public€landsÐ  ì'<#G ÐBy€reference€only.Ð   &\!H ÐNo.Ð   &\!I Ðð ð€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ððÐ  p)À$J ÐLocal€govt.€policiesÏpromoting€infillÏdevelopmentÐ  P+ &M ÐBy€reference€only.Ð  p)À$N ÐNo.â âÐ  p)À$O Ðò òOff„road€racingó ó׃¶×Ý ƒ##ÃÝòòÚ  Ú59Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð  d Ðâ âNone€submittedÐ  d Є„Ð  d Ðð!ðÐ d  ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àÔCE.,US.,œ7ÔÌÔUSCE.,ÔÌÔCE.,US.,;KÔÌò òó óÔ#†XåcXX Xrûûê#Ô