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Wrigley Charcoal Plant
National Information
Photos/Multimedia
Trash and debris at the Primary Site.
- Additional Site Photos
- Site Video
Additional Resources
- Site Cleanup Terms - can be found in EPA's glossary
- EPA Guides to Cleanup Technologies
- Superfund Community Involvement (PDF) (17 pp, 130K, About PDF)
Site Summary Profile
EPA ID: TND980844781Location: Wrigley, Hickman County, TN
Lat/Long: 35.902500, -087.353190
Congressional District: 07
NPL Status: Proposed: 06/24/88; Final: 03/31/89
Affected Media: Debris, Ground water, Soil
Cleanup Status: Site cleanup is underway
Site Reuse/Redevelopment: Continued use - industrial
Site Manager: Loften Carr (carr.loften@epa.gov)
Site Background
The Wrigley Charcoal site covers approximately 81 acres and is located in Wrigley, Hickman County, Tennessee. The site has had various owners from 1880-1966, when the TN Farmers Cooperative (TFC) bought the property. From 1978 to the present, a portion of the site was leased to the Pinewood Manufacturing Company (known as R. T. Rivers). This portion of the site is now owned by Industrial Plastics Recycling, who conducts metals and plastics recycling, storage of waste products and other related activities.
The Wrigley Charcoal site consists of four distinct areas: 1) the 35-acre Primary Site, 2) the 3-acre Storage Basin located west of the Primary Site, 3) the 40-acre Irrigation Field located northeast of the Primary Site, and 4) the 3.5-acre Athletic Field located southeast of the Primary Site.
The Primary Site was used for industrial operations including iron, charcoal, and wood distillation product manufacturing intermittently from 1881 to 1966. Portions of the Primary Site were also utilized from 1978 to the present for metals machining, storage of waste products obtained from other local industries, and recovery of copper from transformers. Products and wastes handled at the Primary Site included wood alcohol, pig iron, tar, coke, charcoal, acetic acid, wood oils, and pitch. The North Fork of the Mill Creek flows through the site and divides the Primary Site into north and south parcels.
The area of the Athletic Field was constructed in a large ravine, and slag and soils from the Primary Site were used as fill material from 1938 to 1950.
Waste from the Wrigley site was disposed into the North Fork of Mill Creek until the mid-1940s, when wastewater impoundments were constructed to deal with waste streams that contained phenols and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These impoundments resulted in additional contamination at the Storage Basin and Irrigation Field because spills of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds were common.
Land use at the Primary Site is industrial, but most of the site is unused, with the small-scale recycling operation currently operating on the southern end of the site. The immediate area is primarily rural, and is surrounded by farms, undeveloped land, and residential land to the west, east, and south.Threats and Contaminants
Soil and ground water are contaminated with wood tar chemicals, metals, and VOCs.
Site Cleanup Plan
The cleanup plan for the Wrigley site covers two operable units (OUs): OU-0 (final Record of Decision for site-wide contamination) and OU-1 (interim Record of Decision for imminent threats at the Primary Site).
The Interim Record of Decision (ROD) for OU-1 was finalized in 1991. Major components of the cleanup approach were designed to reduce or prevent current or future exposure from exposed contaminants at the Primary Site and Storage Basin that pose imminent threats to human health and the environment through excavation, off-site treatment, and disposal of wood-tar and burn-pit contamination at the Primary Site.
In 1995, EPA issued an Amended Interim ROD that eliminated on-site storage areas for consolidated wastes and took steps to further restrict site access to reduce or eliminate on-site vandalism and theft.
In 1997, EPA issued an Explanation of Significant Differences (ESD) for the site to address wood-tar hot spots that were found at the Primary Site.
The 2003 final Record of Decision for OU-0 established the following cleanup goals for the site:- Excavation and off-site disposal of approximately 25,000 cubic yards of tar wastes and contaminated soil at the Primary Site and from a limited area between Oak Hill Road and the North Fork Mill Creek.
- Ground water treatment by in situ enhanced bioremediation.
- Implement restrictions (institutional controls) to prevent ingestion of contaminated ground water until the cleanup standards are attained.
- Connection of nearest down-gradient residence to public water supply.
Cleanup Progress
Interim remedial action was performed at the Primary Site from 1993 to 1995 to address imminent threats and to prevent exposure from contaminants at the Primary Site and Storage Basin. Cleanup activities included: disposal of transformer carcasses and transformers filled with non-PCB containing tar; removal of waste debris from the flood plain; removal of metallic waste material from the maintenance building bum-pit; removal of storage tank waste sludges; disposal of exposed wastes located in the spillway; disposal of tar-cubes and other materials; recycling of wood tar wastes; excavation and removal of waste debris piles containing tar-cube chips or tar contaminated soils; and removal of metallic and loose surficial debris from the Primary Site area.
Two Five-Year Reviews (FYRs) have been completed for the site, in 2001 and 2005. The 2005 FYR recommended that EPA: re-evaluate the ground water conceptual model to address Non Aqueous Phase Liquid on site; perform additional monitoring in deep aquifer; re-evaluate remedial alternatives to address new site conditions since the 2003 ROD; and document connection of downgradient residences to public water supply and removal of contaminated soil.
In November 2007, EPA began additional monitoring in the deep aquifer beneath the site by installing four new deep monitoring wells.
In December 2007, EPA began updating site data by collecting additional soil, waste, surface water, pore water and shallow ground water samples at the site.
Enforcement Activities
The current recycling facility at the site has received several Notices of Violation from the Tennessee Department of Environmental Conservation.
Community Involvement
EPA has conducted a range of community involvement activities at the site to solicit community input and to ensure that the public remains informed about site activities throughout the site cleanup process. Outreach activities have included public meetings and public notices regarding major cleanup milestones.
A Community Relations Plan for the site, which was developed in 1990, was revised by EPA in November 2001.Future Work
EPA continues to implement the recommendations provided in the 2005 FYR. EPA expects to begin review of the Draft Remedial Design investigation in May 2009.
EPA has reviewed the Draft Remedial Investigation and has determined additional investigative work needs to be performed at the Site prior to completion of the Final Remedial Investigation Report. These additional activities are anticipated to be complete by December 2009. Following the completion of these activities, a Focused Feasibility Study and ROD Amendment will be performed by September 2010.
The next FYR for the site is scheduled for 2010.Site Administrative Documents
Site Repository
For more information or to view any site-related documents, please visit the site information repository at the following location. As new documents are generated, they will be placed in the information repository for public information.
Hickman County Public Library
120 West Swain St.
Centerville, TN 37033
For documents not available on the website, please contact the Region 4 Freedom of Information Office.