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Yellow Water Road Dump
National Information
Photos/Multimedia
Southern edge of Yellow Water Road Dump site.
- Additional Site Photos
- Site Video
Additional Resources
- Site Cleanup Terms - can be found in EPA's glossary
- EPA Guides to Cleanup Technologies
- Superfund Community Involvement (PDF) (17 pp, 130K, About PDF)
Site Summary Profile
EPA ID: FLD980844179Location: Baldwin, Duval County, FL
Lat/Long: 30.280300, -081.971700
Congressional District: 03
NPL Status: Proposed: 09/18/85; Final: 06/10/86; Deleted: 05/18/99
Affected Media: Ground water, Sediment, Soil
Cleanup Status: Deleted from the NPL - Physical cleanup activities have been completed.
Site Reuse/Redevelopment: Continued residential use. Potential for recreational reuse.
Site Manager: Peter Thorpe (thorpe.peter@epa.gov)
Site Background
The 14-acre Yellow Water Road Dump site is located in Baldwin, Duval County, Florida and began operation in 1981 as a salvage operation for transformers. Fluids from the transformers were contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the transformers were sent to the site to have these fluids removed and incinerated. Incineration of the fluids did not occur as the facility owners did not receive a permit, and an estimated 150,000 gallons of PCB-contaminated fluids were stored at the site.
Threats and Contaminants
PCB-contaminated fluid leaked from storage vessels on the site, contaminating soils and ground water. Approximately 150 people draw drinking water from shallow ground water in the area of the site. An unnamed recreational pond 2,000 feet north of the site was also threatened.
Site Cleanup Plan
The cleanup plan for the Yellow Water Road Dump site covered two operable units (OUs): OU-1 (source control) and OU-2 (ground water).
The Record of Decision (ROD) for OU-1 was issued in 1990. Major elements of the cleanup plan included:
- A treatability study to verify the effectiveness of the technology in solidifying/stabilizing PCBs contained in site soils.
- The excavation of soils having PCB concentrations in excess of 10 parts per million (ppm) with subsequent treatment occurring in a batch mixer.
- Treatment consisting of batch mixing contaminated soils with water and site-specific designed and tested admixtures to form a homogeneous matrix.
- Performance of leachability testing on the solidified mass, using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), to determine if clean up levels that are protective of ground water would be achieved.
- Placement and curing of the treated soils back within the operational area.
- Backfilling excavated areas with clean soils (less than one ppm PCB concentration).
- Placement of a vegetated one-foot thick soil cover over the treated soil mass (monolith) and securement of the monolith with a security fence.
- Provision of vegetative cover over the remainder of the site.
- Long-term management controls including operation and maintenance of the monolith, vegetative cover, and fence.
The ROD for OU-2 was issued in 1992. Major elements of the cleanup plan included:
- Implementation of a long-term ground water monitoring program.
- Construction of four additional ground water monitoring wells downgradient of the source area: two wells will be located 20 feet downgradient of monitoring cluster 7 and two located 20 feet downgradient of monitoring cluster 8.
- Implementation of institutional controls, which could include deep restrictions, zoning controls, and water supply well permitting prohibitions.
- The contingent construction of the appropriate number of ground water extraction wells which will be determined during remedial design.
- The contingent installation of a ground water pumping and filtration system.
- The contingent installation of a granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment system.
- The contingent installation of a treated effluent discharge system.
- The transportation and disposal of the GAC and filtration waste to a Toxic Substances Control Act-compliant landfill or incinerator, if treatment is warranted.
- Long-term management controls including operation and maintenance of the ground water treatment system if warranted.
Cleanup Progress
In November 1984, EPA conducted a removal action to address the PCB-contaminated fluids and the most highly contaminated soil.
An interim removal action was begun by a group of potentially responsible parties (PRPs) which further addressed PCB-contaminated fluids and soil.
During the remedial action a volume of 4,472 cubic yards of PCB-contaminated soil was excavated, treated by stabilization/solidification and placed within the former operations area of the site. A ground water monitoring program was set up and wells were installed to evaluate the future need for a contingent pump-and-treat remedy. These actions were completed in September 1996 and the site is currently in the long-term maintenance and monitoring phase.
EPA deleted the site from the National Priorities List in May 1999. Site cleanup activities continue to be led primarily by PRPs with oversight by EPA.
Enforcement Activities
In June, 1985, EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Section 106 to prevent the site owner from removing transformers from the site without prior approval from EPA.
In 1987, EPA entered into a Consent Order with the PRPs requiring the performance of a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study.
In May 1988, EPA entered into a Consent Order requiring an interim surface removal action at the site. Removal activities included the demolition of an on-site warehouse and disposal of the demolition debris. The removal action was completed in July 1988.
A Unilateral Administrative Order for Remedial Action was issued for OU-1 in September 1990 directing the PRPs to implement the Remedial Design (RD) based on the ROD. The RD was completed in October 1992.
A Unilateral Administrative Order for Remedial Action was issued for OU-2 in March 1991 directing the PRPs to implement the RD described in the ROD. The Remedial Action construction began in May 1996 and was completed in September 1996.
EPA signed a Consent Decree for the PRPs to implement site cleanup in September 1995.
Community Involvement
EPA has conducted a range of community involvement activities at the Yellow Water Road Dump site to solicit community input and to ensure that the public remains informed about site activities throughout the site cleanup process. Outreach activities have included public notices, interviews, and public meetings on cleanup activities and updates.
Fact Sheets
- Reuse Fact Sheet (PDF) (1 pg, 788K, About PDF)
Future Work
Site inspections and ground water monitoring will continue to ensure the long-term protectiveness of the remedy.
The site continues to be evaluated under EPA's Five-Year Review program. The third Five-Year Review is scheduled to be completed in 2010.
Site Administrative Documents
Site Repository
For more information or to view any site-related documents, please visit the site information repository at the following location. As new documents are generated, they will be placed in the information repository for public information.
Baldwin City Hall
10 US 90 West
Baldwin, FL 32234
Administrative Record Index
- OU-2 (PDF) (124 pp, 484K, About PDF)
- ESD for OU-2 (PDF) (1 pg, 41K, About PDF)
For documents not available on the website, please contact the Region 4 Freedom of Information Office.