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Naturally-Occurring Radiation:
Titanium Mining Wastes
TENORM
Uranium, thorium, and radium commonly occur in titanium ore, and monazite is found in sands from which the titanium is extracted. As a result, the mineral sludges, dusts, and sands from the extraction process may be radioactive.
| Source | Radiation Level [pCi/g] | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| low | average | high | |
| Titanium Ores | 8.0 | 24.5 | |
| Rutile |
3.9 |
19.7 |
NA |
| Ilmenite | NA | 5.7 |
|
| Wastes | 3.9 | 12 | 45 |
The Radiation in TENORM Summary Table provides a range of reported concentrations, and average concentration measurements of NORM associated with various waste types and materials.
