ÿWPC÷ ¦ Ú ±*OðgÊ)2#PõJñæe(OyãÅÒœ¿ºž”¦+?W[ˆ2À[—„i×ó2µKK|„¾CèfpU )u•ÁÅNw5ܤsNèžLQPHÓÛã¬ÿøœÜZSñ måBµ1Ö³¥Úó¯ùÔsIvf!71Vç{y‰° à†ÕÔ„¯ý_“a_«Öò°†æWzá?ÉNŽ˜cÓÈ·=b1‰êH^_³bL_Áî[ú|¾$Ö²÷š<ßö7^(p_Ûç;e1lÛ›¦˜áÑÞÉŠZàÁÓ¨-~Eô-¾­lÓÕzš|Ãk¨œøe¾õ§cˆ#ÎÄ!ùúŠ[÷JOcòS\+"Þ–‘Xl Ë¥·üªÃ[‹—§-+4ª.± y„¶"ÿ&‘Èîý͵2_A$\±å†nÓ6í±¾ãIÍ`5ø@Î'ùëg§”Éæ6TYPK Rèžñ:_Š1•‰,•óÑﳉ@q$B1Ï‘Þ ôY='ì½ì‹7F$9œcKéÀù8b•æßSÆþ`Á£Ñz…Žu7é@Äwb\6ȇØB18®B rlDZíã5@²|ƆºIn/™&º˜‹áþ\ó|ÜÁN {w3ž D0˜9# UN) %w 0(} 1k¥w4 4UNC‘˜b b ¨^ ²N¾À mÂU:ÙfaE) 1m+U@˜U0Øfa UNUNl hº h+À BPë B* D32 0De 0D© D+íííííííí 0D A›\˜HP LaserJet 5SiHPPCL5MS,È,,,,,È0nLÜÏ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡$ÿÿ35;AGOW_e11.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1.a.veü$3|xV6Times New Roman Regular ýÝ ƒ,¯"ÝÝ  Ýà@¶¶<àTABLE€1„1.€€LIST€OF€COMMENTERS€ON€THE€PROPOSED€AMENDMENTS€TOˆÌà@<àTHE€AEROSPACE€NESHAP€(63€FR€15034)ˆ¹Ô*wƒ!d dd Xdd Xdd XxxwÔÔ,â<<"ÔÔ,–<< ÔÔ+  ÔÐ # ØØ ‚0‚„„#ÐÔ‡ô˜°ôXXÔItem€No.€inÐ  ÐDocket€A„92„20Ð 'ÌÌ" „„'ÐCommenter,€affiliation,€and€dateÐ 1' 00 ‚0‚„„1ÐVI„D„01Ð ðð" ÐKeith€P.€Gutreuter,€Air€Technologies,€Inc.,€Ottawa,€KS.€€April€28,€1998.Ð ðð 00 ‚0‚ÐVI„D„02Ð   ÐGeorge€H.€Southland,€Hazardous€Material/Safety€Specialist,€Kal„Aero,€Duncan€Aviation,ÏBattle€Creek,€MI.€€May€13,€1998.Ð ØØ  00 ‚0‚ÐVI„D„03Ð  üü  ÐJames€E.€Clifford,€Vice€President€and€Senior€Executive€Assistant,€Kal„Aero,€Duncan€Aviation,ÏBattle€Creek,€MI.€€May€13,€1998.Ð ÀÀ  00 ‚0‚ÐVI„D„04Ð  ää ÐJohn€M.€Ellis,€III,€President,€Kal„Aero,€Duncan€Aviation,€Battle€Creek,€MI.€€May€13,€1998.Ð ää 00 ‚0‚ÐVI„D„05Ð     ÐMichael€K.€Haufe,€P.E.,€Columbus€Industries,€Inc.,€Asheville,€OH.€€May€11,€1998.Ð    00 ‚0‚ÐVI„D„06Ð  , ,  ÐTom€Justice,€Vice€President€of€Operations,€Purolator€Products€Air€Filtration€Company,ÏHenderson,€NC.€€May€21,€1998.Ð ð ð  00 ‚0‚ÐVI„D„07Ð     ÐGlynn€Rountree,€Director,€Environment,€Safety,€and€Health,€Aerospace€Industries€Association,ÏWashington,€D.C.€€May€26,€1998.Ð Ø Ø  00 ‚0‚ÐVI„D„08Ð  üü ÐCheryl€Russell,€Federal€Affairs€Director,€Boeing€Company,€Arlington,€VA.€€May€26,€1998.Ð üü 00 ‚0‚ÐVI„D„09Ô#†XU Xôô˜°{#ÔÔ‡ô˜°ôXXU ÔÐ     ÐCharlie€Johnson,€President€and€COO,€Cessna€Aircraft€Company,€Wichita,€KS.€€May19,€1998.Ð    00 ‚0‚ÐÔ#†XU Xôô˜°v#ÔÔ‡ô˜°ôXXU ÔVI„D„10Ð  DD ÐStephen€P.€Risotto,€Executive€Director,€Halogenated€Solvents€Industry€Alliance€(HSIA),€(viaÏe„mail).€€May€26,€1998.Ð  00 ‚0‚ÐVI„D„11Ð  ,, ÐAndrew€V.€Cebula,€Vice€President,€National€Air€Transportation€Association€(NATA›),ÏAlexandria,€VA€(via€e„mail).€€May€25,€1998.Ð ðð! 00 ‚0‚ÐVI„G„01Ð  " ÐWalter€L.€œDesrosier›,€Manager,€Maintenance€and€Engineering,€General€Aviation€ManufacturersÏAssociation,€Washington,€D.C.€€May€26,€1998.Ð ØØ$ 00 ‚0‚ÐVI„G„02Ô#†XU Xôô˜°D#ÔÔ‡ô˜°ôXXU ÔÐ  üü% ÐMark€A.€Thompson,€Environmental€Specialist,€Bombardier€Aerospace€œLearjet›€Inc.,€Wichita,ÏKS.€€May€22,€1998.Ð ÀÀ' 00 ‚0‚ÐVI„G„03Ô#†XU Xôô˜°· #ÔÔ‡ô˜°ôXXU ÔÐ  ää( ÐAl€œVatine›,€Technical€Representative,€œLMS›€Technologies,€Inc.,€œEdina›,€MN.€€May€22,€1998.Ð ää) 00 ‚0‚ÐVI„G„04Ô#†XU Xôô˜°  #ÔÔ‡ô˜°ôXXU ÔÐ  * ÐGary€G.€Maxwell,€Division€Administrative€Coordinator,€Atlantic€Aviation€Corporation,ÏWilmington,€DE.€€May€27,€1998.Ð ÌÌ, 00 ‚0‚ÐVI„G„05Ô#†XU Xôô˜°y #ÔÔ‡ô˜°ôXXU ÔÐ  ðð- ÐMark€J.€œMatthes›,€œVice›€President€„€Operations,€Duncan€Aviation,€Lincoln,€NE.€€May22,€1998.Ð ðð. 00 ‚0‚ÐVI„G„06Ô#†XU Xôô˜°i #ÔÔ‡ô˜°ôXXU ÔÐ  / ÐGary€œHartwig›,€General€Manager,€K„C€Aviation,€Appleton,€WI.€€May€26,€œ1998.Ð 0 00 ‚0‚ÐVI„G„07Ð  881 ÐDuplicate€entry€of€VI„D„10€(hardcopy€of€previously€submitted€e„mail€comments).Ð 882 00 ‚0‚ÐVI„G„08Ð  \\3 ÐJim€Burress,€Paint€Shop€Crew€Chief,€Garrett€Aviation,€Springfield,€IL.€€May€26,€1998.›Ð\\4 00  Ð1- ù 2- ùˆ•Á$ ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ<þ6X9`("Courier 10cpiÔTABLE A# e37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)*Ͼ¦ `(CG TimesScalable*Ͼ¦ `CG TimesTable_B‚6Times New Roman Regular(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regularð?@@@@@@ @"@$@&@(@*@,@ .@ 0@ 1@     2@3@5@4@6@Table_B d&ÿÿ0 d d 'þÿdxd(3¯$¦¦Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý'ÈÈÈÈdxd(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý#$“ fig1  <<= 8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ#ÿÿXÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÑ„°ÑÔ` ` °°Ôà@à à ìàNational€Emission€Standards€for€Hazardous€Air€PollutantsˆÌà@B B ìà(NESHAP)€for€the€Aerospace€Manufacturing€and€Rework€Industry€„ˆÌà@Ì Ì ìàBackground€Information€for€Promulgated€StandardsˆÌÌÔhh¸  `Ôà@¨¨&ìàADDENDUMˆÌÔppÀT¤ Ôà@ll&ìàJuly€1998ˆÌÌÌÔ(#(#x4„Ôß?€' °(#ðxdE°'#ðx?ßÐ (#x ÐÌÔ‡` ÖK` XXÔÔ‡` D<` ` ` ÖKÔà@ââ ìàN€€€E€€€S€€€H€€€A€€€PˆÐ %S  Ðß?€' °!(ðxdE°Â(ðx?ßÐ  Ã($  ÐÔ#†X²±X` ` D<ð#ÔÔ#†XU XXX²±#ÔÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà@È È ìàNational€Emission€Standards€For€Hazardous€Air€PollutantsˆÌà@B B ìà(NESHAP)€for€the€Aerospace€Manufacturing€and€Rework€Industry€„ˆÌà@Ì Ì ìàBackground€Information€for€Promulgated€StandardsˆÌÌÌÌà@¨¨&ìàADDENDUMˆÌÌÌÌà@||ìàEmission€Standards€DivisionˆÌÌÌÔ(#(#x pÔà@b b ìàU.€S.€ENVIRONMENTAL€PROTECTION€AGENCYˆÌà@²²ìàOffice€of€Air€and€RadiationˆÌà@ú ú ìàOffice€of€Air€Quality€Planning€and€StandardsˆÌà@” ” ìàResearch€Triangle€Park,€North€Carolina€€27711ˆÌÌÌÔ0*0*€%°($Ôà@ll&ìàJuly€1998ˆÌÐ  +l& ÐÙÙÑÀ°ÑÑ7€U XXdìXXdì7Ñà@J J ìàENVIRONMENTAL€PROTECTION€AGENCYˆÐ À ÐÌà@î î ìàNational€Emission€Standards€for€Hazardous€Air€Pollutants€from€ˆÌà@ ìàthe€Aerospace€Manufacturing€and€Rework€Industry€„„ˆÌà@Ì Ì ìàBackground€Information€for€Promulgated€StandardsˆÌÌà@ôô$ìàPrepared€by:ˆÌÌÌÒ(À°°(#°(#(ÒÔ  Ôòòà€pp2pàóóˆÌBruce€C.€JordanÌDirector,€Emission€Standards€DivisionÌU.S.€Environmental€Protection€AgencyÌResearch€Triangle€Park,€NC€€27711Ð ¼ü  Ðòòà€(#(#K(#àóóˆÌà@¢¢@¤à(Date)ˆÌÐ ä $  ÐÒ(À°°p°p(ÒÓ*°,X°‚,` ˜X°œX*Ó1.à0 Ü àThe€final€National€Emission€Standards€for€Hazardous€Air€Pollutants€(NESHAP)€will€regulateÐ ”Ô  Ðemissions€of€hazardous€air€pollutants€from€cleaning€operations;€primer,€topcoat,€and€chemicalÏmilling€maskant€application€operations;€depainting€operations;€and€handling€and€storage€ofÏwaste€at€aerospace€manufacturing€and€rework€facilities.€€Only€those€operations€that€are€part€ofÏmajor€sources€under€section€112(d)€of€the€Clean€Air€Act€as€amended€in€1990€will€beÏregulated.Ð Ü(#Ü(# ÐÌ2.à0 Ü àCopies€of€this€document€have€been€sent€to€the€following€Federal€Departments:€€Labor,€HealthÐ H Ðand€Human€Services,€Defense,€Transportation,€Agriculture,€Commerce,€Interior,€and€Energy;Ïthe€National€Science€Foundation;€and€the€Council€on€Environmental€Quality;€members€of€theÏState€and€Territorial€Air€Pollution€Program€Administrators;€the€Association€of€Local€AirÏPollution€Control€Officials;€EPA€Regional€Administrators;€and€other€interested€parties.Ð Ü(#Ü(# ÐÌ3.à0 Ü àFor€additional€information€contact:ÐÐÜ(#Ü(# ÐÌà Ü àMs.€Barbara€DriscollÌà Ü àPolicy€Planning€and€Standards€Group€(MD„13)Ìà Ü àU.S.€Environmental€Protection€AgencyÌà Ü àResearch€Triangle€Park,€NC€€27711Ìà Ü àTelephone:€€(919)€541„0164ÌÌ4.à Ü àPaper€copies€of€this€document€may€be€obtained€from:Ð ð$0!$ ÐÌà Ü àNational€Technical€Information€Service€(NTIS)Ìà Ü à5285€Port€Royal€RoadÌà Ü àSpringfield,€VA€€22161Ìà Ü àTelephone:€€(703)€487„4650ÌÌà Ü àU.S.€EPA€Library€Services€Office€(MD„35)Ìà Ü àU.S.€Environmental€Protection€AgencyÌà Ü àResearch€Triangle€Park,€N.C.€277111Ð  <-|)- ÐѰÀÑ5.à0 Ü àElectronic€copies€of€this€document€may€be€obtained€from€the€EPA€Technology€TransferÐ ° ÐNetwork€(TTN).€€The€TTN€is€an€electronic€bulletin€board€system€which€is€free,€except€for€theÏnormal€long€distance€charges.€€To€access€the€aerospace€BID:Ð Ü(#Ü(# ÐÌà0 Ü àððÓ3°X°p°,X°‚,` ˜X3Óà0Ü(#Ü(#àSet€software€to€data€bits:€€8,€N;€stop€bits:€€1Ð`°(#(# Ðà0  àððà0p(#(#àUse€access€number€(919)€541„5742€for€1200,€2400,€or€9600€bps€modems€[accessÐ L œ Ðproblems€should€be€directed€to€the€system€operator€at€(919)€541„5384].Ð p(#p(# Ðà0  àððà0p(#(#àSpecify€TTN€Bulletin€Board:€€Clean€Air€Act€AmendmentsÐ$ tp(#p(# Ðà0  àððà0p(#(#àSelect€menu€item:€€Recently€Signed€RulesÐ `p(#p(# ÐÓE.°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#°ƒXpEÓÐ  ü L  ÐÑ  Ñà@îî"ìàTABLE€OF€CONTENTSˆÌÌà€¤!¤!G(#àòòPageóóˆÐ ˆØ ÐÓ ÿÿ€X °°XÓÌÓ! °€ X ÿÿ€X !Ó1.0à € àSUMMARYà“X X EX .€ € àˆà€""H(#à1-1ˆÐ `° ÐÌ2.0à € àCOMMENTSà“X X EX .ì ì àˆà€""H(#à2„1ˆÐ 8 ˆ Ðà € à2.1à  àDEFINITION€OF€GENERAL€AVIATIONà“X X EX .‰‰1àˆà€""H(#à2„1ˆÐ $ t Ðà € à2.2à  àSTANDARDS€FOR€PRIMERS€AND€TOPCOATSà“X X EX .5àˆà€""H(#à2„1ˆÐ  ` Ðà € à2.3à  àDEPAINTING€STANDARDSà“X X EX .­­'àˆà€""H(#à2„4ˆÐ ü L  Ðà € à2.4à  àCLARIFICATION€OF€RELATIONSHIP€BETWEENÐ è 8  Ðà € àà  àNESHAP€AND€FAA€REGULATIONSà“X X EX .]]-àˆà€""H(#à2„6ˆÐ Ô$  Ðà € à2.5à  àEXEMPTION€FOR€CLEANING€OF€AUTOMATED€SPRAYÐ À  Ðà € àà  àEQUIPMENT€NOZZLE€TIPSà“X X EX .©©(àˆà€""H(#à2„9ˆÐ ¬ü  Ðà € à2.6à  àMONITORING€PARAMETERS€FOR€PUMPLESS€WATERWASHÐ ˜è  Ðà € àà  àSYSTEMSà“X X EX . àˆà€""H(#à2„9ˆÐ „Ô  Ðà € à2.7à  àEXCLUSION€OF€CHARGED€MEDIA€CERTIFICATION€Ð pÀ Ðà € àà  àUSING€TEST€METHOD€310à“X X EX .}}(àˆà€""H(#à2„9ˆÐ \¬ ÐÌÌÌÌÐ  øH ÐÔ‡XU XXXU ÔÐ  ° ÐØØÙÙÓ€ÓÑ€ ÑÑ7€ U  XXdìXXdì7ÑÌÌÔ¸ ¸ tÄÔà@::$ìà1.0€€SUMMARYˆÌÌà € àOn€September€1,€1995,€the€U.€S.€Environmental€Protection€Agency€(EPA)€promulgatedÏnational€emission€standards€for€hazardous€air€pollutant€(HAP)€emissions€from€major€sources€inÏthe€aerospace€industry€(60€FR€45948).€€These€final€standards€implemented€Section112(d)€of€theÏClean€Air€Act€as€amended€in€1990€(the€Act).€€Amendments€to€the€final€rule€were€promulgated€onÏMarch€27,€1998€(63€FR€15006).€€Also€on€March€27,€1998,€the€EPA€proposed€additionalÏamendments€to€the€final€rule€(63€FR€15034).€€Nineteen€comment€letters€(see€Table€1„1)€wereÏsubmitted€by€representatives€from€fifteen€companies€or€organizations,€consisting€of€generalÏaviation€rework€and€manufacturing€facilities,€paint€arrestor€and€filtration€product€manufacturers,Ïfilter€testing€laboratories,€major€aerospace€(equipment)€manufacturers,€and€industry€tradeÏassociations.€€Table€1„1€lists€the€commenters€and€their€respective€affiliations.€€Summaries€of€theÏcomments€and€the€EPAððs€responses€are€presented€in€this€document,€which€serves€as€the€basis€forÏthe€revisions€(amendments)€made€to€the€final€NESHAP.€€This€document€is€an€addendum€toÏVolume€II€of€ð ðNational€Emission€Standard€for€Hazardous€Air€Pollutants€(NESHAP)€for€theÏAerospace€Industry€„€Background€Information€for€Promulgated€Standards,ðð€July€1995,€EPAÏDocument€No.EPA/R„97„003b€(Docket€A„92„20,€item€III„B„1).€€Ìà € àThe€proposed€amendments€requested€comments€regarding€the€addition€of€definitions€forÏð ðGeneral€Aviation€(GA),ðð€and€ð ðgeneral€aviation€rework€facilityðð;€a€revised€definition€forÏð ðwaterwash€systemðð;€alternative€emission€limits€for€topcoat€and€primer€applications€for€GAÏrework€facilities;€clarification€of€the€relationship€between€NESHAP€and€Federal€AviationÏAdministration€(FAA)€regulations;€removal€of€references€to€Section112(l)€of€the€Act€for€hand„¼wipe€cleaning€and€the€equipment€volume€reduction€demonstration;€an€exemption€for€cleaning€ofÏautomated€spray€equipment€nozzle€tips;€clarification€of€the€monitoring€requirements€for€pumplessÏwaterwash€systems;€and€the€exclusion€of€charged€media€certification€using€Test€Method319.€Ð è,8(4 Ðâ °±°±°(#°(#â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °±°±°±°±â³â °(#°(#°±°±âComments€were€received€on€all€of€these€issues€except€on€the€definition€of€ð ðgeneral€aviationÏrework€facilityðð,€the€removal€of€references€to€Section112(l)€of€the€Act€for€hand„wipe€cleaning,Ïand€the€equipment€volume€reduction€demonstration.ßf€8 2"`t #< `€EÓ·x!x!»°¨3!fßÐ  *V%6 ÐØØÑ€ ÑÔÌ Ì °Ôà@$ìà2.0€€COMMENTSˆÌÌ2.1€€DEFINITION€OF€GENERAL€AVIATIONÌà € àòòCommentóó:€€Eight€commenters›€(VI„D„02,€VI„D„03,€VI„D„04,€VI„D„11,€VI„G„04,Ð òB  ÐVI-G-05,€œVI„G„06,€and€VI„G„08)›€suggested€that€the€definition€of€general€aviation€be€changed€toÏread€as€follows:€€ð ðGeneral€Aviation€(GA)€means€that€segment€of€civil€aviation€œthat›€encompassesÏall€facets€of€aviation€except€air€carriers,€commuters,€and€military.€€General€Aviation€includesÏcharter€and€corporate„executive€transportation,€instruction,€rental,€aerial€application,€aerialÏobservation,€business,€pleasure€and€other€special€uses.ðð€€(Reference:€œ€EPA›€Air€TransportationÏIndustry€Sector€Notebook;€œEPA/310„R„97„001).€€Two€commenters›€œ(IV„G„01€and€VI„G„02)Ïagreed›€with€the€definition€of€general€aviation€provided€in€the€proposed€œamendments.€€CommenterÏIV„G„02€also€agreed€with€EPAððs›€statement€that€ð ðthe€Agency€believes€that€the€proposed€definitionÏfor€GA€will€accurately€describe€the€segment€of€the€aerospace€industry€servicing€those€smallerÏaircraft€for€which€the€alternative€primer€and€topcoat€standards€are€intended.ðð€€œÌà € àòòResponseóó:€€The€Agency€has€decided€to€change€the€definition€of€General€Aviation€asÐ (x Ðsuggested€by€the€group€of€eight€commenters.€€The€revised€definition€still€accurately€describes€theÏsegment€of€the€aerospace€industry€involving€smaller€aircraft€for€which€the€alternative€primer€andÏtopcoat€standards€are€intended.€€(See€following€Section€2.2€for€specific€comments€and€responsesÏrelated€to€the€alternative€standards€for€primer€and€topcoat€application€operations€used€at€GAÏrework€facilities.)€€The€revised€definition€also€has€the€advantage€(as€noted€by€the€commenters)€ofÏbeing€consistent€with€another€recent€EPA€document€addressing€and€describing€this€same€segmentÏof€the€aerospace€industry.€›Ì2.2€€STANDARDS€FOR€PRIMERS€AND€TOPCOATSÌà € àòòCommentóó:€œ€Seven›€œcommenters›€(VI„D„02,€VI„D„03,€VI„D„04,€VI„G„04,€VI„G„05,Ð š*ê%. МVI-G-06,€and€VI„G„08)›€agreed€with€the€proposed€alternative€volatile€organic€compound€(œVOC›)Ïlimits€for€primer€and€topcoat€applications€on€œGA›€aircraft€œbecause›€they€œlift›€the€restraints€of€theÐ ^-®(2 Ðcoating€limitations.€€The€œcommenters›€noted€that€œGA›€aviation€aircraft€rework€is€based€on€theÏcustomer;€the€owner/operator€specifies€the€acceptable€quality,€not€the€rework€facility.€€TheyÏœstated›€that€the€higher€œVOC›€limits€are€acceptable€and€encourage€paint€manufacturers€to€provideÏquality€primers€and€topcoats€that€give€a€quality€finish€acceptable€to€the€owners/operators€of€theÏaircraft.Ìà € àCommenter€VI„G„04€noted€that€the€higher€œVOC›€limits€will€have€a€minimal€effect€on€theÏtotal€emissions€from€a€facility,€but€will€have€a€dramatic€effect€œon€the›€final€aircraft€topcoat€finish.€ÏThe€œcommenter›€noted€that€coating€manufacturers€have€developed€and€are€commercializingÏexcellent€high€solids€products;€however€all€technologies€have€their€limits.€œ€The›€œcommenterððs›€fieldÏexperience€indicates€that€this€small€VOC€change€will€hasten€the€acceptance€of€superior€coatings,Ïincreased€application€latitude€and€œefficiency›€and€ultimately€customer€satisfaction€and€regulatoryÏcompliance.€€Although€the€œcommenter›€is€not€directly€covered€by€the€NESHAP,€œVOC/HAP›Ïœstandards›€established€œin€the›€NESHAP€and€œcontrol€techniques€guideline€(CTG)›€and€adopted€byÏtheir€state€limit€œthe€commenterððs›€operations€now.€€The€œcommenter›€currently€complies€with€VOCÏlimits€at€2.8€and€3.5€for€primers€and€coatings,€respectively.€€The€facility€has€been€using€compliantÏprimers€(corrosion€and€sanding)€applied€with€œhigh„volume€low„pressure€(HVLP)›€equipment€forÏnearly€a€year€with€excellent€results€after€a€2€to€3€month€learning/training€period.€€However,€theÏœcommenter›€stated€that€compliant€topcoat€application€has€been€more€difficult,€and€a€small€increaseÏin€the€VOC€limit€will€open€the€solvent€combinations€available€and€help€to€consistently€produce€aÏbeautiful€finish€for€which€the€coatings€are€designed.€Ìà € àòòResponseóó:€€The€Agency€appreciates€the€œcommentersðð›€support€on€this€œissue€and€hasÐ X ¨( Ðdecided€to€finalize€the€alternative€primer€and€topcoat€limits€as€proposed.›Ìà € àòòCommentóó:€œ€Four›€œcommenters›€(VI„D„07,€VI„D„08,€œVI„G„01,€and›€VI„G„02)€agreed€withÐ #l, Ðthe€increased€VOC€limits€for€primer€and€topcoat€applications€for€œgeneral€aviation€(GA)€rework›Ïfacilities,€but€œthe€commenters›€suggested€that€these€limits€be€extended€to€œGA€manufacturers›€asÏwell.€€Commenter€VI„D„07€argued€that€manufacturers€have€the€same€need€for€high€quality€finishÏand€may€be€put€at€a€competitive€disadvantage€without€the€benefit€of€the€higher€limits.€ÏManufacturers,€if€forced€to€abide€with€lower€VOC€and€HAP€limits€for€their€paints,€would€lack€theÏincreased€painting€operations€flexibility€that€rework€facilities€would€have€and€œwould€not›€be€able€toÏoffer€the€best€appearance€available€from€their€painting€operations.€€Commenter€VI„D„08€arguedÐ Ê,(: Ðthat€differentiation€between€rework€facilities€and€manufacturing€facilities€would€establish€anÏobviously€unfair€business€œclimate,›€with€the€advantage€given€to€rework€œfacilities›€œin€the›€case€where€aÏmanufacturer€returns€customer€aircraft€to€the€manufacturing€factory€for€rework.Ìà € àCommenter€VI„D„07€noted€that€the€number€of€GA€manufacturing€facilities€that€areÏmajor€sources€for€œHAPs›€are€less€than€the€number€of€rework€facilities€that€are€œmajor€sources;›Ïextending€the€higher€limits€to€GA€manufacturers€should€not€greatly€increase€emissions€and€œwould›Ïeliminate€the€competitive€business€advantage€afforded€to€GA€rework€facilities€under€the€proposedÏamendment.Ìà € àCommenter€œVI„D„09›€stated€that€the€task€of€developing€compliant€coatings€and€strippersÏhas€challenged€manufacturers€of€GA€aircraft€œwho€must›€find€materials€compliant€with€theÏNESHAP,€while€enhancing€the€appearance€of€the€aircraft€and€not€jeopardizing€the€airworthinessÏof€the€aircraft.€€The€œcommenter›€œexpressed›€œconcern›€that€if€rework€facilities€are€allowed€an€alternateÏstandard€as€proposed,€airworthiness€certificates€would€be€meaningless€following€rework€of€GAÏaircraft.Ìà € àCommenter€VI„D„02€stated€that€it€would€be€a€burden€to€expect€their€company€toÏdifferentiate€between€production€and€rework€painting€operations€and€to€use€different€types€ofÏcoating€for€each€operation.€€The€œcommenter›€œstated›€that€including€manufacturing€facilities€wouldÏmore€œaccurately›€reflect€the€Agencyððs€stated€intent€to€allow€GA€facilities€to€continue€to€provide€theÏtype€of€œworld„class›€paint€systems€that€their€customers€œexpect.Ìà € àCommenter€VI„G„01€argued€that€the€necessity€to€provide€customer„specified€coatings€isÏapplicable€for€all€stages€of€aircraft€exterior€finishing,€both€the€first€completing/outfitting€paint€jobÏas€well€as€subsequent€service€depaint€and€repaint€jobs.€€It€is€not€unusual€for€an€aircraft€to€beÏpainted€five€to€seven€times€during€its€lifetime,€and€the€implication€of€the€present€definition€is€thatÏthe€first€paint€job€on€new€U.€S.€manufactured€GA€aircraft€cannot€provide€the€appearance€andÏfinish€customers€require.€€The€commenter€stated€that€customers€of€GA€aircraft€manufacturersÏdeserve€and€pay€for€the€same,€if€not€better,€quality€than€work€performed€at€a€rework€facility;€and,Ïdifferentiation€between€rework€and€manufacturing€facilities€would€establish€an€unfair€businessÏclimate,€with€the€advantage€given€to€foreign€aircraft€manufacturers€and€rework€facilities.€€TheÏcommenter€noted€that€there€are€fewer€than€10€GA€manufacturers€that€would€be€considered€majorÏsources.›Ð Ê,(: Ðà € àœòòResponseóó:€€In€considering€these€comments€from€GA€manufacturers,€the€Agency€notedÐ ° Ðthat€such€comments€were€not€provided€during€the€regulatory€development€process,€nor€were€theyÏraised€during€any€of€the€industry€roundtable€discussions.€€During€the€last€industry€roundtableÏdiscussions€and€prior€to€the€proposed€amendments,€GA€rework€industry€representatives€statedÏthat€€rework€facilities€have€to€deal€with€a€wide€variety€of€coatings€and€aircraft€(from€all€of€theÏdifferent€GA€manufacturers),€and€client€requirements€on€a€time„critical€basis.€€In€comparing€GAÏmanufacturing€and€GA€rework€painting€operations,€the€Agency€found€that€manufacturing€facilitiesÏtypically€deal€with€fewer€types€of€coatings€and€fewer€types€of€aircraft.€€Each€manufacturerÏproduces€a€limited€subset€of€the€planes€on€the€market.€€The€GA€manufacturers€generally€performÏrework€only€on€planes€that€they€manufacture;€GA€rework€facilities,€in€contrast,€may€work€onÏplanes€from€a€variety€of€manufacturers.€€Thus,€unlike€GA€rework€facilities,€GA€manufacturingÏfacilities€have€fairly€predictable€coating€needs.€€This€allows€manufacturers€to€be€more€proficient€inÏcoating€application€and€minimizes€the€variability€of€coating„related€issues€in€their€day„to„dayÏoperations.€€Because€of€these€factors,€GA€manufacturers€are€better€able€than€GA€rework€facilitiesÏto€comply€with€the€coating€limits€in€the€NESHAP€as€originally€promulgated.€€The€data€collectedÏfrom€the€GA€manufacturers€during€the€past€2years€of€the€project€indicated€that€several,€if€notÏmost,€of€the€GA€manufacturers€are€already€using€compliant€coatings€as€part€of€their€standardÏmanufacturing€processes.€€No€additional€technical€data€has€been€submitted€to€support€theÏcommentersðð€argument€for€extending€the€alternative€coating€standards€to€GA€manufacturers.€ÏBased€on€these€comments€and€the€information€provided€by€the€various€industry€segmentsÏinvolving€GA€aircraft,€the€Agency€has€decided€to€finalize€the€primer€and€topcoat€requirements€asÏproposed.€Ì2.3€€DEPAINTING€STANDARDS€›Ìà € àòòCommentóó:€œ€Commenter›€VI„D„11€stated€that€the€rework€of€GA€aircraft€is€uniquelyÐ ~$Î. Ðcustomer€driven.€€The€œcommenter›€noted€that€in€the€industry€segment€most€affected€by€theÏNESHAP,€the€owner/operator€of€the€aircraft€develops€and€maintains€their€own€FAA„approvedÏmaintenance€instructions.€€In€general€aviation,€the€facility€must€follow€the€aircraft€manufacturerððsÏinstructions.€€The€owner/operator€of€GA€aircraft€œspecifies›€the€coating€and€acceptable€quality€ofÏthe€finish,€not€the€owner/operator€of€the€rework€facility.€€The€œmanufacturer›€of€the€aircraftÏœspecifies›€what€materials€may€be€used€to€remove€the€coatings.€€The€œcommenter›€œstated€that›€theÐ Ê,(: Ðproposed€amendments€must€address€the€manufacturerððs€prohibition€against€using€NESHAPÏcompliant€chemicals€in€the€rework€of€GA€aircraft.Ìà € àòòResponseóó:€œ€The€Agency€does€not€believe€that€this€issue€is€unique€to€the€GA€segment€ofÐ tÄ Ðthe€aerospace€industry.€€See€Section€2.4€for€additional€discussion€of€the€alternative€solutions€toÏany€aircraft€manufacturerððs€prohibition€against€using€NESHAP€compliant€materials€for€depaintingÏoperations.€›Ìà € àòòCommentóó:€œ€Commenter›€VI„D„10€expressed€concern€that€EPA€has€not€proposed€toÐ ü L  Ðestablish€a€separate€œMACT›€floor€for€œdepainting›€operations€at€GA€maintenance€facilities.€€TheÏœcommenter›€supported€the€Agencyððs€proposal€to€establish€separate€VOC€content€limits€for€primerÏand€topcoat€applications€at€GA€rework€facilities.€€However,€in€the€absence€of€separate€HAP€limitsÏfor€œdepainting›€of€these€œsame›€GA€aircraft,€the€œcommenter›€œstated›€that€EPA€will€be€creating€a€œð ðCatch›Ïœ22ðð€situation›€for€rework€facilities.€€œThe€commenter€argues€that€the›€higher€œMACT›€floor€for€primersÏand€topcoats€for€GA€maintenance€is€based€on€the€application€of€thicker€coatings€on€many€GAÏœaircraft;€yet,›€it€is€œthese€thicker›€coatings€that€have€severely€limited€the€success€of€non„HAPÏstrippers€in€the€GA€market.€€The€œcommenter›€stated€that€the€halogenated€solvents€industry€hasÏsubmitted€a€significant€amount€of€information€to€the€Agency€indicating€that€the€alternativeÏstrippers€are€not€effective€on€coatings€that€are€greater€than€3€or€4€mils€thick.€€In€fact,€the€use€ofÏnon„HAP€chemical€strippers€may€make€these€coatings€even€more€difficult€to€remove.€€TheÏœcommenter›€argued€that€incomplete€removal€may€create€significant€safety€issues€by€preventingÏthorough€inspection€of€the€aircraft€surface.Ìà € àBecause€the€coating€that€EPA€is€proposing€to€allow€on€GA€will€have€to€be€removed,€theÏœcommenter›€suggested€that€EPA€establish€a€separate€œMACT›€floor€for€œdepainting›€operations€at€GAÏrework€facilities.€€Without€a€separate,€more€appropriate€limit,€those€facilities€subject€to€œMACT›Ïrequirements€for€œdepainting›€may€be€put€at€a€significant€disadvantage€when€competing€with€theÏmajority€of€the€industry€that€will€not€be€required€to€comply€with€the€NESHAP.€€Since€theseÏsmaller€aircraft€require€considerably€less€stripper€than€commercial€jets,€the€œcommenter›€suggestedÏœthat€establishing›€a€œMACT›€floor€for€œdepainting›€of€GA€aircraft€may€be€as€simple€as€removing€theÏlimitation€on€the€use€of€HAP„based€stripper€formulations€œfor›€spot€stripping€and€decal€removalÏâ âonly.Ð h+¸&8 Ðà € àœòòResponseóó:ò ò€ó ó€The€Agency€does€not€agree€with€the€commenterððs€argument.€€The€final€ruleÐ ° Ðâ âas€promulgated€and€subsequently€amended€includes€a€great€deal€of€flexibility€in€the€depaintingÏrequirements.€€The€alternative€primer€and€topcoat€limits€for€GA€rework€facilities€allow€differentÏcoating€formulations€to€be€used€in€achieving€the€type€of€finish€required€by€their€customers€on€aÏvariety€of€aircraft€from€different€manufacturers.€ññ€ññññThe€higher€HAP/VOC€content€limits€do€notÏequate€to€thicker€coatings.ññ€€Manufacturers€and€rework€operators€are€notÏlimited€by€the€NESHAP€in€any€way€with€regards€to€coating€thickness.Ìà € àThe€commenterððs€assertion€that€the€alternative€strippers€are€not€effective€on€coatings€thatÏare€greater€than€3€or€4€mils€thick€has€also€been€argued€against€by€several€technical€studiesÏdocumented€during€the€development€of€the€NESHAP€where€non„HAP€and€low„HAP€chemicalÏstrippers€have€been€used€effectively€on€GA€and/or€military€aircraft€with€coating€thicknesses€inÏexcess€of€10€mils.€€The€Agency€has€no€technical€justification€for€establishing€a€separate€MACTÏfloorññ€ññññfor€establishing€a€separate€MACT€floorññ€for€depainting€operations€at€GA€rework€facilities.€€The€compliance€options€for€the€spotÏstripping€and€decal€removal€allowance€are€based€on€an€average€ð ðper€aircraftðð€annual€HAPÏ(stripper)€usage€and€provide€additional€flexibility€to€all€depainting€operations.€€As€defined€in€theÏfinal€rule,€ð ðspot€strippingðð€means€the€depainting€of€an€area€where€it€is€not€technically€feasible€toÏuse€a€nonchemical€depainting€technique.€›ÌÓ-°ØX°'™X°€ X -Óœ2.4›à0 ' àCLARIFICATION€OF€RELATIONSHIP€BETWEEN€NESHAP€AND€FAAÐ Ö&  ÐREGULATIONSÐ '(#'(# ÐÓ* °°§X°ØX°'™X*Óà  àòòCommentóó:€œ€Seven›€œcommenters›€(VI„D„02,€VI„D„03,€VI„D„04,€œVI„D„11,›€VI„G„05,Ð šê$ МVI-G-06,€and€VI-G-08)›€suggested€that€chemicals€that€contain€HAP€required€by€the€FAAÏAirworthiness€Directives€œ(ADððs)›€should€be€exempt.€€The€œcommenters›€stated€that€if,€because€ofÏaviation€safety,€the€FAA€cannot€eliminate€the€use€of€a€HAP€in€an€AD,€the€use€should€beÏconsidered€exempt.€€Commenter€VI„D„11€believes€that€the€protection€of€the€flying€public€mustÏtake€precedence€over€the€minimal€use€of€chemicals€containing€œHAPððs›€when€used€to€correct€aÏknown€aviation€hazard.€€Commenter€VI„G„04€stated€that€airworthiness€concerns€should€continueÏto€be€foremost€in€all€change€evaluations.€€œThis€commenter€encouraged€continued›€cooperationÏbetween€the€FAA€and€the€EPA€to€resolve€conflicting€directives€and€œregulations.€€One€commenterÏ(VI„G„01)€strongly€suggested€that€the€process€to€be€identified€by€the€FAA€for€the€substantiationÏof€alternative€means€of€compliance€by€repair€stations€and€mechanics€be€addressed€to€specificÏproducts.€€The€commenter€stated€that€the€long„term€impact€of€alternative€chemical€usage€onÐ Ð, (: Ðvarious€aircraft€structures€is€not€consistent€across€various€products€and€manufacturers.€€A€clearÏstatement€is€needed€stating€that€an€alternative€to€a€HAP„restricted€chemical€identified€by€oneÏorganization€or€manufacturer€is€not€acceptable€for€use€on€another€aircraft€or€product€withoutÏspecific€approval.€€The€commenter€noted€that€this€process€is€identical€to€that€available€toÏcertificate€holders€and€is€necessary€to€preserve€safety€and€establish€a€commercial€level€playingÏfield.Ìà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€has€continued€to€work€closely€with€the€FAA€during€the€developmentÐ ü L  Ðof€the€final€NESHAP€and€the€amendments€to€the€NESHAP€for€the€aerospace€manufacturing€andÏrework€source€category.€€Both€agencies€recognize€the€importance€of€continuing€airworthiness€andÏthe€safety€of€the€flying€public€as€repair€facilities€modify€their€procedures€to€comply€with€theÏNESHAP.€€The€EPA€is€committed€to€minimizing€the€impact€on€airworthiness€while€maximizingÏthe€reduction€of€HAP€emissions€under€the€NESHAP.Ìà  àSince€promulgation€of€the€NESHAP€on€September€1,€1995,€many€of€the€aircraftÏmanufacturers€(principally€those€manufacturing€transport€category€aircraft)€have€made€theÏnecessary€revisions€to€their€maintenance€manuals€to€provide€for€non„HAP€materials€(chemicalÏstrippers)€to€be€used€for€depainting.€€Those€revisions€have€been€FAA€approved€or€will€beÏsubmitted€for€FAA€approval,€when€required.€€For€the€other€manufacturers€(principally€GeneralÏAviation€manufacturers),€once€the€necessary€information€(revised/updated€maintenance€manuals,Ïservice€bulletins,€and/or€advisory€circulars)€is€approved€by€the€FAA€and€is€distributed€to€theÏregulated€community,€the€potential€regulatory€conflict€should€be€at€a€minimum,€and€aerospaceÏrework€facilities€will€be€able€to€use€various€products€to€comply€with€most€EPA€and€FAAÏrequirements.€€The€EPA€and€FAA€have€agreed€that€the€potential€problems€and€issues€raised€by€theÏcommenters€can€be€and,€in€many€cases€already€have€been,€resolved€through€the€proceduresÏestablished€in€the€existing€regulations,€and€no€further€changes€are€needed€to€the€NESHAP€(exceptÏfor€the€exemption€for€those€GA€aircraft€where€the€manufacturer€is€out€of€business€which€is€beingÏaddressed€in€these€amendments€„„€see€following€comment/response).Ìà  àShould€any€manufacturers€still€in€business€not€revise€their€maintenance€instructions€toÏallow€use€of€NESHAP„compliant€materials,€the€FAA€has€committed€to€issue€an€advisory€circularÏpublicizing€the€process€by€which€repair€facilities€can€request€approval€for€alternatives.€€In€addition,Ïmany€existing€Airworthiness€Directives€(AD's),€issued€under€part39€of€Title14€of€the€CFR,Ð Ê,(: Ðspecify€the€use€of€HAP.€€(ADððs€are€regulations€addressing€safety€of€flight,€and€compliance€withÏthem€is€mandatory.)€€However,€most€ADððs€contain€a€provision€for€requesting€an€alternative€meansÏof€compliance.€€The€FAA€Notice€N8100.13,€ð ðAlternative€Means€of€Compliance€(AMOC)€forÏAirworthiness€Directives€that€Require€the€Use€of€Volatile€Organic€Compounds€and/or€HazardousÏAir€Pollutants,ðð€(dated€January€26,€1998),€addresses€the€process€by€which€repair€stations,Ïmechanics€and€operators€can€obtain€alternative€means€of€compliance€for€other€ADððs€for€theÏpurpose€of€approving€substitution€of€non„HAP€materials.›Ìà  àòòCommentóó:€œ€Commenter›€VI„D„10€agreed€with€EPAððs€proposal€to€exempt€rework€ofÐ ^®  Ðaircraft€whose€manufacturers€are€out€of€business€and€to€provide€a€process€for€addressing€existingÏœADððs.›€€The€œcommenter›€noted€that€the€œADððs›€specify€the€use€of€œmethylene›€chloride„based€strippersÏfor€one€reason„„their€proven€effectiveness€at€removing€built„up€coatings€and€œfor€allowing›€œvisual›Ïinspection€of€aircraft€skins€for€cracks€or€fissures.€€The€œcommenter›€œstated›€that€until€alternativesÏhave€been€tested€and€proven€to€be€at€least€equally€effective,€œthe€EPA›€and€the€FAA€should€beÏextremely€cautious€in€approving€any€alternative€means€for€compliance€with€existing€œADððs›Ïrequiring€the€use€of€methylene€chloride„based€œstrippers.€€The€commenter€expressed€concern€overÏthe€potential€conflict€if€EPA€prohibits€methylene€chloride„based€strippers€when€the€maintenanceÏmanuals€for€those€aircraft€specify€that€only€methylene€chloride„based€strippers€may€be€used;€thisÏconflict€could€jeopardize€aircraft€airworthiness.€Ìà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€has€coordinated€efforts€with€the€FAA€to€identify€other€alternativesÐ ”ä$ Ðthat€can€be€used€and€define€those€types€of€aircraft€where€the€existing€procedures€(e.g.,Ïchanges/revisions€to€maintenance€manuals€or€ADððs)€would€be€difficult€and/or€burdensome€toÏimplement.€€The€resulting€exemption€for€those€aircraft€where€the€manufacturer€is€no€longer€inÏbusiness€addresses€the€only€concern€identified€not€adequately€addressed€by€existing€regulations.€ÏSince€promulgation€of€the€NESHAP,€many€of€the€aircraft€manufacturers€have€made€the€necessaryÏrevisions€to€their€maintenance€manuals€to€provide€for€non„HAP€chemical€strippers€to€be€used€forÏdepainting.€€Those€revisions€have€been€FAA€approved€or€will€be€submitted€for€FAA€approval,Ïwhen€required.€€Because€of€the€small€numbers€of€aircraft€affected€and€the€considerable€expense€ofÏtesting€alternative€materials€for€use€on€aircraft€whose€manufacturers€are€out€of€business,€theÏAgency€decided€to€finalize€the€exemption€for€rework€of€aircraft€whose€manufacturers€are€out€ofÏbusiness„„see€ðð€63.741(f)€of€the€amended€final€rule.Ð Ê,(: ÐÔ  ÔÓ$°°'¥X°°§X$Ó2.5›à0 ' àEXEMPTION€FOR€CLEANING€OF€AUTOMATED€SPRAY€EQUIPMENT€NOZZLEÐ ° ÐTIPSÐ '(#'(# ÐÓ$ °°§X°°'¥X$Óà  àòòCommentóó:€€Commenter€œVI„D„08›€agreed€with€the€proposed€exemption€for€cleaning€ofÐ tÄ Ðautomated€spray€equipment€nozzle€tips.€€The€œcommenter›€stated€that€under€the€present€NESHAPÏlanguage,€owners€or€operators€are€forced€to€disassemble€the€equipment€for€cleaning,€which€isÏeconomically€unreasonable.Ìà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€Agency€appreciates€the€œcommenter›ððs€support€on€this€issue.Ð ü L  М2.6›€€MONITORING€PARAMETERS€FOR€PUMPLESS€WATERWASH€SYSTEMSÌà  àòòCommentóó:€€Commenter€œVI„D„08›€stated€that€it€would€be€impossible€for€pumplessÐ À  Ðwaterwash€systems€to€comply€with€the€monitoring€requirements€of€the€NESHAP€as€currentlyÏwritten.€The€œcommenter›€fully€œsupported›€EPAððs€effort€to€address€the€unique€challenges€presentedÏby€pumpless€waterwash€systems€and€œencouraged›€EPA€to€adopt€the€proposed€language€changes€asÏsoon€as€possible.Ìà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€Agency€appreciates€the€œcommenter›ððs€support€on€this€œissue€and€decided€toÐ ªú Ðfinalize€the€additional€and€revised€recordkeeping€and€monitoring€requirements€as€proposed.›Ìœ2.7›€€EXCLUSION€OF€CHARGED€MEDIA€CERTIFICATION€USING€TEST€METHOD319Ìà  àœòòCommentóó:›€œ€In€regard€to€the€proposed€exclusion€of€charged€media€certification€under€TestÐ Ð   ÐMethod319,€two€commenters€(VI„D„01€and€VI„D„05)€concurred€with€the€proposed€exclusion,Ïtwo€commenters€(VI„D„06€and€VI„D„08)€opposed€the€exclusion,€and€one€commenter€(VI„G„03)Ïsuggested€the€Agency€re„visit€the€issue€and€consider€adding€a€new€mechanism€within€Method319Ïto€evaluate€paint€arrestor€performance€after€loading€(and€over€a€given€time€period).€€Due€to€theÏtechnical€arguments€associated€with€the€comments€involving€Method319,€most€of€the€summaryÏcomments€from€the€individual€commenters€are€included€in€the€following€paragraphs.€€€€à Ð àAs€aÐ #l, Ðmanufacturer€of€paint€arrestors,€as€well€as€air€filters€and€other€filtration€products,€commenter€VI„¼D„05€does€not€believe€that€charged„fiber€media€are€appropriate€for€use€in€aerospace€MACTÏfiltration€products€for€the€following€reasons.€€Typically,€charged„fiber€media€display€a€higherÏinitial€(i.e.,€clean€filter)€efficiency€than€similar€media€not€composed€of€charged€fiber.€€However,Ïthe€efficiency€of€charged„fiber€media€often€decreases€upon€filter€loading€as€the€charged€fibersÏthemselves€become€coated€with€paint,€defeating€their€electrostatic€feature.€€With€some€paints€(i.e.,Ïthose€that€hit€the€filter€ð ðwetðð),€this€charge„dampening€effect€may€be€even€more€pronounced.€Ð Ê,(: ÐConversely,€noncharged„fiber€media€are€generally€at€lowest€efficiency€when€clean€(i.e.,€thisÏmedium€becomes€more€efficient€as€it€is€loaded€with€paint).€€Method319€evaluates€the€initialÏparticle€size€dependent€filtration€efficiency€of€paint€arrestors€over€the€particle€diameter€range€fromÏ0.3€to€10€micron.€€Therefore,€noncharged„fiber€media€evaluated€by€Method319€and€found€toÏmeet€the€fractional€efficiency€requirements€(when€clean)€will€probably€also€meet€these€standards€inÏthe€field€during€paint€loading.€€However,€charged„fiber€media€that€is€evaluated€by€Method319€andÏfound€to€meet€the€fractional€efficiency€requirements€(when€clean),€may€or€may€not€meet€theseÏstandards€in€the€field€during€paint€loading.Ìà  àCommenter€IV„D„01€also€supported€the€proposed€amendment€to€exclude€charged€mediaÏfrom€certification€based€on€factual€test€data€which€show€that€charged€media€has€a€high€initialÏatmospheric€dust€spot€efficiency€but€decreases€in€efficiency€as€the€filter€is€loaded€withÏcontaminant.€€The€commenter€enclosed€copies€of€test€reports€on€two€pleated€type€air€filters,€oneÏusing€Electrete€charged€media€and€the€other€using€a€cotton/polyester€blend€of€media.€€The€test€onÏthe€charged€media€was€discontinued€due€to€rapid€efficiency€decline€after€loading€30grams€of€testÏdust€into€the€filter.€€The€cotton/polyester€filter€showed€an€increase€in€efficiency€as€the€filter€wasÏloaded€with€dust,€which€is€typical€for€noncharged€media.Ìà  à€Commenter›€œVI„D„08›€disagreed€with€the€proposal€to€eliminate€the€use€of€TestÏMethod319€to€approve€charged€media€filters.€€The€œcommenter›€argued€that€a€decision€by€EPA€toÏwithdraw€Test€Method319,€without€a€valid€replacement€or€test€results€that€prove€the€method€isÏinvalid,€is€inappropriate€and€unfounded.€€The€œcommenterððs›€company€has€invested€roughly€half€aÏmillion€dollars€installing€over€100€Purolator€charged€media€filters€in€keeping€with€the€1996Ïproposal€to€use€Test€Method319€to€approve€filters.€€Replacement€of€these€filters€would€be€aÏcostly€and€time„consuming€process.€€Many€of€the€filters€are€in€specially€designed€booths€used€toÏpaint€central€fuel€tanks,€wings,€radomes,€or€other€odd„shaped€pieces.€€The€filter€systems€haveÏalready€been€modified€to€accommodate€the€Purolator€filters,€and€additional€modifications€wouldÏbe€needed€to€accommodate€other€types€of€filters.Ìà  àThe€œcommenter›€also€noted€that€test€data€from€the€only€existing€methods€that€measureÏparticle€size,€Test€Method319€and€the€proposed€œASHRAE›€52.2,€show€that€the€Purolator€chargedÏmedia€filter(s)€meet€the€efficiency€curves.€€The€œcommenter›€noted€that€although€the€œASHRAE›52.2Ïtest€is€only€a€proposal€and€is€designed€for€a€different€type€of€filter,€it€is€the€only€test€available€thatÐ Ê,(: Ðis€designed€to€demonstrate€how€filters€perform€for€different€particle€sizes€after€multiple€loadings.€ÏThe€œcommenter›€stated€that€the€Purolator€filters€not€only€passed€the€test€but€showed€increasedÏefficiency€with€additional€loadings;€furthermore,€the€pressure€resistance€differential€in€the€testÏindicated€that€the€filters€would€have€to€be€changed€out€before€loadings€could€occur€beyond€theÏparameters€of€the€œASHRAE›€test.€€Ìà  àCommenter€œVI„D„08›€œdisagreed›€with€the€basis€for€EPAððs€decision„„an€indoor€air€ventilationÏtype€filter€designed€to€capture€air€œparticulates›,€not€paint.€€The€œcommenter›€believed€that€theseÏfilters€are€not€designed€to€capture€paint€and€should€not€be€used€to€determine€whether€filtersÏdesigned€for€paints€will€perform€in€the€same€fashion.Ìà  àœCommenter›€VI„D„06€also€opposed€the€exclusion€of€charged€media€certification€under€TestÏMethod319.€€The€œcommenter›€stated€that€charged€œmedia›€are€currently€in€use€in€numerousÏapplications€worldwide€both€for€œHVAC›€and€paint€œarrestance›.€€The€increased€use€œof€these›€media€inÏrecent€years€is€a€result€of€improved€ð ðfine€fiberðð€technology,€as€well€as€more€economic€methods€ofÏproduction.Ìà  àAs€a€manufacturer€of€both€charged„fiber€and€conventional€media€filters,€œcommenter›€œÌVI„D„06€stated›€that€charged„fiber€œfilters›€are€preferred€in€applications€where:€Ìà  à1.€€High€initial€efficiencies€and€low€pressure€drops€are€required.€€The€œcommenter›€enclosedÏa€test€report€for€a€conventional€uncharged€product€that€was€performance€tested€in€accordanceÏwith€œASHRAE›€Standard€52.1.€€An€85percent€bag€filter€started€out€at€a€62.1percent€efficiency,Ïclimbing€to€85percent€at€the€end€of€the€life€cycle,€which€is€a€typical€scenario€for€a€fibrous€filterÏrelying€on€aerodynamic€particle€capture.€€The€problem€of€low€initial€efficiencies€has€beenÏovercome€to€a€degree€by€using€charged€fibers€to€enhance€filtration€early€in€the€life€cycle€of€theÏsystem€until€enough€particulate€loading€has€occurred€that€conventional€aerodynamic€capture€orÏmechanical€loading€becomes€the€primary€mechanism€driving€the€efficiency.€€The€œcommenter›€alsoÏenclosed€efficiency€curves€showing€that€this€œcharged„fiber›€filter€overcame€much€of€the€earlyÏinefficiencies€raising€the€initial€efficiency€to€83.7percent.€€However,€after€1/4€to€1/3€of€the€usefulÏlife,€the€same€aerodynamic€mechanisms€are€dominating€the€performance€of€this€media€as€seen€inÏthe€uncharged€filter;€the€efficiency€curves€at€this€point€are€very€similar.Ìà  à2.€€œCoarser›€fibers€are€required€to€support€heavy€particulate€loading€as€in€the€case€of€a€paintÏover€spray€filter.€€The€œcommenter›€enclosed€copies€of€test€results€from€four€separate€manufacturersÐ Ê,(: Ðshowing€that€the€performance€of€uncharged€filters€exhibit€either€a€drop€in€the€dust€spot€efficiencyÏ(œASHRAE›€52.1)€and/or€œarrestance›€from€the€initial€measurement€of€the€clean€filter.€€TheÏœcommenter›€attributed€these€results€to€weak€fibers,€poor€fiber€bonding,€or€a€combination€of€both.€ÏThe€result€is€a€media€web€that€is€structurally€unable€to€support€the€accumulated€particulate,€henceÏa€drop€in€the€efficiency€or€œarrestance›.€€In€the€case€of€some€charged€œmedia,›€there€may€also€be€aÏsudden€drop€in€efficiency€early€in€the€life€cycle€of€the€filter;€however,€the€deterioration€in€theÏefficiency€was€more€likely€the€result€of€the€weak€web€structure,€not€the€charge.Ìà  à3.€€Energy€consumption€or€low€initial€pressure€drops€are€critical€factors€in€the€designÏand/or€operation€of€a€system.€€By€starting€out€at€a€lower€initial€pressure€drop,€the€œcharged„fiber›Ïfilter€œresults€in€higher›€efficiencies€œwithin›€the€operating€parameters€of€certain€critical€systems.Ìà  àThe€œcommenter›ððs€greatest€concern€is€that€one€unsubstantiated€comment€has€led€to€theÏproposal€to€exclude€charged„fiber€œarrestors›€from€Method319€certification.€€œThe€commenterÏbelieved›€that€the€conclusions€in€this€case€may€have€been€made€prior€to€complete€substantiatingÏdata€to€support€such€a€statement.€€The€œcommenter›€noted€the€following€problems€associated€withÏthese€preconceptions:Ìà  à1.€€There€is€currently€no€test€protocol€for€comparing€the€ð ðnontypical€filtration€efficiencyÏcurvesðð€of€charged€œmedia.›€€Nontypical€performance€would€have€to€be€defined€as€higher€initialÏefficiencies€at€lower€pressure€drops,€which€is€the€primary€goal€of€those€who€design€filtrationÏsystems.Ìà  à2.€€The€position€favoring€exclusion€assumes€that€all€charged€medias€perform€similarly.€ÏThis€œcommenter›ððs€experience€is€that€several€charged€media€œhave€exhibited›€consistent€prematureÏfailure€or€unloading€while€others€have€performed€exceptionally€well.€€(The€œcommenter›€enclosedÏtest€reports€supporting€this€claim.)Ìà  à3.€€In€almost€all€cases,€the€failures€of€charged„media€filters€could€be€pinpointed€to€weakÏfiber€structure€and/or€poor€fiber€bonding.€€This€type€of€failure€or€drop€in€efficiency€can€be€seen€inÏcharged€medias,€as€well€as€conventional€uncharged€filters.€€(The€œcommenter›€enclosed€test€reportsÏsupporting€this€claim.)Ìà  à4.€€A€major€issue€not€yet€resolved€by€the€broad€exclusion€of€charge€œmedia›€œis:€How›€muchÏcharge€warrants€exclusion?€€And,€what€is€the€proposed€technique€for€measuring€this€charge?€€TheÏcharge€in€this€case€is€a€static€charge,€which€is€applied€as€either€a€permanent€charge€during€fiberÐ Ê,(: Ðformation€or€as€a€corona€charge€applied€to€the€formed€media€web.€€The€œcommenter›€noted€that€òòallóóÐ ° Ðsynthetic€medias€exhibit€some€static€charge.Ìà  à5.€€The€œcommenter›€that€objected€to€charged€media€pointed€to€ð ðthe€rapid€accumulation€ofÏpaint€over€sprayðð€as€creating€ð ðnontypical€filtration€efficiency€curves€over€short€time€periods.ðð€ÏTheoretically,€if€a€scenario€were€to€be€presented€to€support€performance€degradation€in€chargedÏœmedia›€it€would€be€on€an€extended€life€filter€of€about€6€to€12€months€in€an€application€of€extremelyÏsmall€particle€concentrations.€€However,€in€the€specific€application€of€paint€œarrestance›,€there€areÏhigh€concentrations€of€larger€particles€(than€typical€ambient)€and€short€life€cycles.€€The€rapidÏloading€of€the€filters€accelerate€the€aerodynamic€or€mechanical€mechanisms€of€particle€entrainmentÏas€the€fibers€are€being€coated.Ìà  à6.€€The€opposing€comment€refers€to€ð ðnontypical€filtration€efficiency€curves€over€short€timeÏperiods.ðð€€Method319€however€does€not€deal€with€ð ðshort€time€periodsðð€or€any€other€timeÏperiods.€€It€only€measures€the€initial€or€ð ðcleanðð€efficiency€of€the€filter€and€does€not€reflect€whatÏoccurs€during€the€life€of€the€product.€€œASHRAE›€œ52.2P›€and€œSAE›€1669€measure€performance€overÏthe€effective€life€of€the€filter.Ìà  àœCommenter›€œVI„D„06€stated›€that€development€of€an€extended€Method319,€which€wouldÏmeasure€performance€at€different€points€over€the€life€of€the€filter,€is€critical.€€The€œcommenter›Ïenclosed€results€from€several€tests€that€were€initiated€to€œensure›€that€the€companyððs€œproducts€were€›Ïœperforming›€to€actual€conditions€in€these€applications,€including€products€tested€for€œtwo„stage›€andÏœthree„stage›€compliance€with€Method319€under€œworse„case›€scenarios.€€œCommenter€VI„D„06Ïstated›€that€any€new€technology€is€likely€to€represent€ð ðnontypicalðð€performance€if€measured€againstÏconventional€products€rather€than€written€performance€requirements.€€The€œcommenter›€œsuggested›Ïthat€ð ðnontypicalðð€in€the€case€of€œcharged„fiber›€media€for€paint€over€spray€applications€could€beÏdefined€as€an€improvement€in€performance,€and€exclusion€of€this€or€any€other€new€technologyÏwould€relegate€this€industry€to€a€selection€of€media€œthat›€have€essentially€remained€unchanged€forÏover€twenty€years.€œÌà  àCommenter€VI„G„03,€an€independent€filter€and€particulate€testing€firm€with€experience€inÏpaint€overspray€filtration€tests€and€full„scale€Method319€tests,€stated€that€there€are€some€newÏhybrid€types€of€media€and€filters€that€possess€both€mechanical€and€electrostatic€properties€whichÏgenerally€have€better€filtration€characteristics€than€other€single„€and€multi„stage€filters€that€areÐ Ê,(: Ðpromoted€only€as€either€ð ðmechanicalðð€filters€or€ð ðelectrostaticðð€filters.€€The€commenter€believesÏthat€the€filtration€and€filter„life€efficiencies€of€these€hybrid€ð ðmechano„electrostaticðð€filters€areÏsubstantial€enough€that€the€Agency€may€do€well€to€re„visit€the€issue€of€whether€or€not€to€test€andÏcertify€electrostatic€filters€under€the€protocol€of€Method319.€€€Ìà  àThe€commenter€stated€that€these€new€hybrid€media€are€basically€mechanical€media€with€aÏsmall€amount€of€electrostatic€charging€of€the€media€fibers,€not€so€strongly€charged€as€in€standardÏelectrostatic€media€(filters).€€The€commenter€is€aware€of€at€least€two€competing,€independentÏmanufacturing€firms€that€have€developed€this€type€of€product,€made€typically€as€second„stage€orÏthird„stage€filters.€€With€the€new€hybrid€media,€removal€of€paint€and€dust€particles€is€accomplishedÏmainly€by€mechanical€(physical)€action,€but€when€tested€with€KCl,€electrostatic€charge€plays€aÏsomewhat€greater€role€that€is€most€operative€in€the€earliest€phases€of€filter€life.€€The€commenterÏoffered€the€following€explanation.Ìà  àTypical€ð ðmechanicalðð€filters€get€better€with€time;€filtration€(fractional€efficiency)€starts€outÏlow,€but€as€challenge€particulates€such€as€paint€or€dust€build€up€on€the€fibers,€the€fractionalÏefficiency€increases€because€the€size€of€air€passages€between€fibers€is€decreased.€€WithÏconventional€ð ðelectrostaticðð€filters,€the€opposite€occurs,€fractional€efficiency€starts€out€high,€but€asÏchallenge€particles€coat€the€fibers,€fractional€efficiency€actually€decreases€because€the€staticÏcharges€are€blinded€and€not€enough€particle€coating€has€accumulated€to€restrict€the€air€passageÏways.€€Now,€however,€with€hybrid€ð ðmechano„electrostaticðð€media,€fractional€efficiency€starts€outÏhigh,€increases€over€time,€and€has€not€been€found€to€decrease.€€What€apparently€occurs€is€thatÏwhen€new€hybrid€filters€are€first€challenged€with€aerosols,€the€electrostatic€charges€readily€attractÏand€trap€the€particles,€quickly€reducing€the€inter„fiber€airways.€€Then,€as€particles€build€up€on€theÏfibers€and€the€charges€are€masked,€the€amount€of€coating€already€built€up€on€the€fibers€is€sufficientÏto€permit€the€filter€to€act€chiefly€as€a€mechanical€filter€with€high€particle€removal€characteristics.Ìà  àWhile€the€data€obtained€in€both€Method319€and€chromate€paint€loading€tests€areÏconfidential,€the€commenter€stated€that€both€the€multistage€319€fractional€efficiency€and€the€paintÏremoval€efficiency€results€using€these€new€hybrid€filters€are€better€than€that€obtained€for€several€ofÏthe€more€conventional€ð ðmechanicalðð€two„€and€three„stage€filter€systems€currently€qualifying€byÏâ âMethod319.€€Accordingly,€the€commenter€recommended€that€the€Agency€make€an€allowance€forÐ h+¸&8 Ðthese€hybrid€ð ðmechano„electrostaticðð€filters€(and,€for€that€matter,€any€future€filter€system€yet€to€beÏdeveloped)€to€be€tested€by€Method319€procedures,€and€to€be€certified€as€such€if€they€pass.Ìâ âà  àTo€satisfy€the€concerns€of€those€who€would€want€to€be€certain€that€any€prospective€hybridÏfilter€system€must€never€decrease€in€fractional€efficiency€over€time,€the€commenter€recommendedÏthat€the€complete€test€of€a€prospective€filter€system,€such€as€one€of€these€hybrid€mechano„¼electrostatic€filters,€should€not€only€include€the€full€Method319€analysis€but€also€a€standard€dust„Ïloading„efficiency€test,€or€an€additional€fractional€efficiency€test€using€actual€paint.€€Adding€one€ofÏthese€additional€tests€would€demonstrate€whether€the€filter€in€question€continues€to€increase€inÏefficiency€over€time€or€not.€€One€approach€would€be€that€the€additional€test€could€be€done€onceÏon€a€mechano„electrostatic€filter€(set)€and€once€on€an€identical€uncharged€mechanical€filter€(whichÏshould€be€readily€provided€by€the€manufacturer),€both€of€which€had€been€tested€by€Method319.€ÏIf€dust€loading€is€used,€then€a€loading„efficiency€test€similar€to€the€ASHRAE€52.2€procedure€usedÏfor€HVAC€filters€would€show€whether€efficiency€decreases€by€loading€to€mimic€the€paint€loadingÏcondition.€€If€the€test€for€fractional€efficiency€with€actual€paint€is€used,€this€would€provideÏcomparative€data€of€both€mechano„electrostatic€and€mechanical€conditions€and€authenticateÏwhether€these€filters€are€good€for€use€as€paint€overspray€filters.Ìà  àThe€commenter€noted€that,€if€the€proposed€amendment€were€finalized,€Method319€wouldÏexclude€electrostatic€filters€from€testing.€€However,€when€the€method€was€first€written,€theÏworking€definition€of€electrostatic€media€did€not€take€into€consideration€or€anticipate€these€newerÏhybrid€media€because€they€were€not€yet€available€at€that€time.€€The€commenter€believed€that€newÏinventions€that€fully€meet€Method319€testing€requirements€and€improve€upon€conventionalÏfiltration€technologies€would€be€automatically€excluded€from€testing€and€certification€underÏMethod319.€€Assuming€the€goal€of€Method319€testing€is€not€only€to€approve€certain€filtersÏunder€certain€conditions€but€also€to€reduce€the€amount€of€hazardous€particles€impacting€theÏenvironment€and€workersðð€health,€the€EPA€should€allow€and€even€encourage€the€testing€andÏutilization€of€best€available€technologies€to€accomplish€these€goals.€€At€a€minimum,€a€mechanismÏwithin€Method319,€such€as€the€dust„loading€or€paint€fractional€efficiency€test€described€above,Ïshould€be€available€for€new€alternative€technologies€to€be€tested€and€given€certification€if€theyÏâ âtruly€accomplish€what€Method319€requires€them€to€do.›Ð h+¸&8 Мà  àòòResponseóó:€€The›€Agency€has€decided€that€the€œproposed€amendment›€to€excludeÐ ° Ðâ âelectrostatically„charged€filter€media€from€Method319€testing€(based€on€the€possibility€that€theirÏefficiency€in€use€will€drop€below€that€measured€in€Method319€testing)€will€not€be€œfinalized€based›Ïon€the€fact€that€there€are€insufficient€data€at€this€time€to€warrant€this€exclusion.€€No€data€wereÏsubmitted€illustrating€that€electrostatically€charged€filter€media€will€actually€drop€in€efficiencyÏduring€use€in€aerospace€painting€and€Ô_ÔdepaintingÔ_Ô€facilities.€€Furthermore,€no€data€were€submittedÏshowing€that,€even€if€such€drops€in€efficiency€do€occur,€similar€drops€would€not€also€occur€inÏuncharged€media€(i.e.,€the€drop€in€efficiency€may€not€be€solely€due€to€a€loss€of€electrostaticÏenhancement€but€may€also€be€due€to€other€physical€changes€in€the€media,€which€occur€over€time).€ÏThe€Agency€recognizes€that€this€is€an€area€of€current,€active,€and€ongoing€research.€€The€AgencyÏis€also€aware€of€studies€conducted€on€electro‚statically€charged€filters€used€in€general€ventilationÏthat€do,€for€some€charged„fiber€filters€under€certain€operating/exposure€conditions,€show€drops€inÏefficiency€for€electrostatically„charged€media.€€However,€the€relevance€of€these€findings€toÏÔ_ÔarrestorsÔ_Ô€œused›€in€œaerospace›€painting€and€Ô_ÔdepaintingÔ_Ô€facilities€is€uncertain€and€is,€therefore,Ïinsufficient€to€exclude,€as€a€category€of€Ô_ÔarrestorsÔ_Ô,€electrostatically€charged€media€fromÏMethod319€testing.Ìà  àTwo€Ô_ÔcommentersÔ_Ô€suggested€expanding€Method319€to€include€not€only€the€initialÏefficiency,€but€also€one€or€more€steps€of€paint€loading€followed€by€a€repeated€filtration€efficiencyÏmeasurement€after€each€step;€by€doing€so,€changes€in€electrostatically€charged€filtrationÏefficiencies,€if€present,€would€be€measured.€€œOne›€of€the€Ô_ÔcommentersÔ_Ô€recommended€thatÏMethod319€be€expanded€to€include€standard€dust€loading€efficiency€tests,€or€an€additionalÏfractional€efficiency€test€using€actual€paint.€œ€These›€type€of€tests€œwould›€need€to€account€for€theÏreplacement€frequency€of€the€various€stages€in€a€œmultistage›€system,€and€load€the€filter€withÏrepresentative€paint€Ô_ÔoverspraysÔ_Ô,€as€well€as€Ô_ÔdepaintingÔ_Ô„generated€aerosols€and€ambient€aerosolsÏwhich€may€be€drawn€into€a€spray€booth,€perhaps€with€some€level€of€Ô_ÔprefiltrationÔ_Ô.€€There€are€noÏstandardized€methods€that€adequately€address€these€issues€relative€to€conditioning€or€aerosol„¼loading€of€œmultistaged›€Ô_ÔarrestorsÔ_Ô€for€the€purposes€of€quantifying€potential€changes€in€fractionalÏefficiency€with€use.€€œIn›€light€of€the€Aerospace€Ô_ÔNESHAPÔ_Ô€compliance€date€of€September€1,€1998,€itÏâ âis€beyond€the€scope€of€this€project€at€this€time€to€continue€modifications€to€Method319.€€œThus,›Ð h+¸&8 Ðuse€of€Method319,€as€œÔ#†XU XXXU #Ôstated€in€the€final€amendments€to€the€aerospace€rule€published€in€theÐ ° ÐòòFederal€Registeróó€on€March27,€1998,€is€retained.Ð  b Ðâ âÑ7€=ßXXdÈ XXdì7ÑÔ‡X²±XXXU ÔÓÂõ€ÓÒX°ÒÒX°ÒÑX„ÑÌÔ*qƒ ddd Xdd Xdd XX€%X€%qÔÔ, td ÔÔ,ktd ÔÔ,ðtd ÔÔ,ktd ÔÔ,att ÔÔ+  ÔÐ 9€& –æ €W€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„……9Ðà@¦¦ ôàò òTECHNICAL€REPORT€DATAó óˆÐ n Ðà@è è ôàòòòò(Please€read€Instructions€on€reverse€before€completing)óóóóˆÐ M€<$T ˆ W  €ú€‚x‚ƒƒ„„MÐòò1.€REPORT€NO.óóÐ Lœ Ѐ€€453/R„97„003bÐ V€EÖ&  @2.„„……‰@‰VÐòò2.óóÐ Lœ ÐÐ [€H9Ö&  @2. @ „„……[Ðòò3.€RECIPIENT'S€ACCESSION€NO.óóÐ Q€@$Lœ x ú  €ê€‚x‚ƒƒ„„……QÐòò4.€TITLE€AND€SUBTITLEóóÐ N ž  Ðà0 $ àAerospace€Manufacturing€and€Rework€Industry„„†¼Background€Information€and€Promulgated€StandardsÏADDENDUMÐ V€C4¤ ô $P$Pßß „„……VÐòò5.€REPORT€DATEóóÐ N ž  Ѐ€€July€1998Ð A7$Ø ( x ê  €ú€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ…ƒ…AÐÐ .€ È ƒ „„…….Ðòò6.€PERFORMING€ORGANIZATION€CODEóóÐ P   ÐÐ O€@$Ú * ˆ ú  €Ù€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„……OÐòò7.€AUTHOR(S)óóÐ R¢  ÐÐ ;€(Ü,  „„……;Ðòò8.€PERFORMING€ORGANIZATION€REPORT€NO.óóÐ R¢  ÐÌÐ Q€@$  ˆ Ù  €Ù€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„……QÐòò9.€PERFORMING€ORGANIZATION€NAME€AND€ADDRESSóóÐ :Š  Ðà0 $ àEmission€Standards€Division€(Mail€Drop€13)Ð $P$P Ðà0 $ àU.€S.€Environmental€Protection€AgencyÐ $P$P Ðà0 $ àResearch€Triangle€Park,€NC€€27711Ð $P$P Ðà0 $ àÐ V€C4vÆ$P$PZZ „„……VÐòò10.€PROGRAM€ELEMENT€NO.óóÐ :Š  ÐÌ€Task€Order€No.€0012Ð A7$ªú  ˆ Ù  €L€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ…ƒ…AÐÐ .€ šêƒ „„…….Ðòò11.€CONTRACT/GRANT€NO.óóÐ "r Ѐ68„D6„0012Ð Q€@$¬ü ˆ L  €Ù€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„……QÐòò12.€SPONSORING€AGENCY€NAME€AND€ADDRESSóóÐ |Ì  ÐÌà0 $ àOffice€of€Air€Quality€Planning€and€StandardsÐ $P$P Ðà0 $ àU.€S.€Environmental€Protection€AgencyÐ $P$P Ðà0 $ àResearch€Triangle€Park,€NC€€27711Ð V€C4¸$$P$PZZ  „„……VÐòò13.€TYPE€OF€REPORT€AND€PERIOD€COVEREDóóÐ |Ì% ÐÌ€FinalÐ A7$ì<' ˆ Ù  €L€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ…ƒ…AÐÐ .€ Ü,'ƒ „„…….Ðòò14.€SPONSORING€AGENCY€CODEóóÐ d´( ЀEPA/200/04Ð S€@$î>) ˆ L  €ú€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„……SÐòò15.€SUPPLEMENTARY€NOTESÐ ¾* Ðóóà0 $ àEPA€Task€Order€Project€Officer:€€Barbara€Driscoll,€ESD/PPSGÐ ]€J.H˜+$%$% ˆ ú  €€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„……]Ðòò16.€ABSTRACTóóÐ À, ÐÌÓ! Ìt̨°°§X!Óà ¨ àNational€emission€standards€for€control€of€HAP€emissions€from€aerospace€manufacturing€and€reworkÏfacilities€were€published€in€60FR€45948,€September€1,€1995.€€Proposed€amendments€to€the€final€rule€wereÏpublished€in€63FR15034,€March€27,€1998.€€This€addendum€to€the€background€information€documentÏprovides:€the€basis€for€the€revisions€(amendments)€made€to€the€standards€since€promulgation;€a€summaryÏof€the€comments€submitted€and€the€responses€to€these€comments;€and€a€summary€of€the€changes€madeÏsince€promulgation.ÌÐ S€@$”$ä4 ˆ   €€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„……SÐòò17.à@NNôàKEY€WORDS€AND€DOCUMENT€ANALYSISóóˆÐ O€@$ &\!5 ˆ   €€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„……OÐòòa.à@  – àDESCRIPTORSóóˆÐ 7€($'t"6 „„……7Ðòòb.€IDENTIFIERS/OPEN€ENDED€TERMSóóÐ 7€$$'t"7 „„7Ðòòc.€COSATI€Field/GroupóóÐ L€=!$'t"8 ˆ   €ˆ€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„……LÐÔ‡ôÍ ôXX²±ÔÔ#†ô˜°ô ôôÍÚÔ#ÔÔ‡ôÍ ôôô˜°ÔÓ'Ìt̨œ ÌtÌÜ'Óà ¨ àAir€Pollutionà œ àCleaning€OperationsÐ <(Œ#9 Ðà ¨ àAerospace€Manufacturing€à œ àSurface€CoatingÐ ø(H$: Ðà ¨ à€€and€Reworkà œ à€€(Painting)Ð ´)%; Ðà ¨ àHazardous€Air€Pollutantsà œ àDepaintingÐ 7€(p*À%< „„……7Ðà  àAir€Pollution€ControlÌà  àMACTÌà  àCoating€OperationsÌà  àCleaning€OperationsÐ 7€$p*À%@ „„7ÐÐ N€=!<(Œ#A ˆ ˆ  €È€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ„„……NÐòò18.€DISTRIBUTION€STATEMENTóóÐ ¼+ 'B ÐÌ€€€Release€UnlimitedÐ H€9*ç,7(D<<  „„……HÐòò19.€SECURITY€CLASSòò€(Report)óóóóÐ ¼+ 'E Ѐ€€€UnclassifiedÐ 7€$+,{'F „„7Ðòò21.€NO.€OF€PAGESóóÐ ¼+ 'G Ðà0 o à24€€€€€€€€€Ð H>++,{'Ho %o % ˆ È  €Ø€‚ˆ‚ƒƒ…‚…HÐÐ ,€ ï,?(H‚ „„……,Ðòò20.€SECURITY€CLASSòò€(Page)óóóóÐ w-Ç(I Ѐ€€€UnclassifiedÐ 7€$æ-6)J „„7Ðòò22.€PRICEóóÐ1'%w-Ç(K ˆ Ø   1ÐÔx2/‚*º. *Ôòòò òEPA€Form€2220„1€(Rev.€4„77)ó óà ( àPREVIOUS€EDITION€IS€OBSOLETEà€ü"ü"@€%à480005/final/trdóóÔ#†ô˜°ô ôôÍÄæ#ÔÔ#†XU Xôô˜°‚æ#Ô