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MO \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@++%1" EHG - .  H+10:F[xx _ wO \AZ"Arial RegularO+ 1 GC C  H 9 I  4+%@@@1@@@ Jz ?O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@ONa+ %1 K V +%@@@1@@@ LA O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@CH M O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@2 N O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@OH OO \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@++%1" P\  ZO  Z \\ +10:Q[xx b* Z8+W wO \AZ"Arial RegularO+ 1 RZ ek[[ S[O [ +%@@@1@@@ T O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@OH U O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@NaOH+ %1 V  1 W    X   Y>  > +1" Z^ ~ Q e f\ ^ +10:[[xx X wO \AZ"Arial RegularO+ 1 \ ekZZ ]S  +%@@@1@@@ ^ O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@-ONa _K O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@+ `' O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@HO a`f O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@2 b O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@=+ %1 c 1 d  e" " +1" f Y < M W >  Y +10:g[xx נ S wO \AZ"Arial RegularO+ 1 h Y  i?  i  j4 K 4  kH I H +%@@@1@@@ l! O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@O m] < O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@- n { O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@Na o O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@++%1" p/ Y . M   W / Y +10:q[xx #C~VRr S wO \AZ"Arial RegularO+ 1 r) ) Y  s   i  t K  u I +%@@@1@@@ v O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@O w O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@-+ %1 x0  e  e n. n y   m m+%@@@1@@@ zy O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@+ {Jy O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@+ |F O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@HO } O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@2+%1" ~99w#9+10:[xx $IR~}wO \AZ"Arial RegularO+ 1 ekS4S4 w+%@@@1@@@ qO \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@OH+ %1 +%@@@1@@@ O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@CH O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@2 O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@OH O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@++%1"   G w  D $ +10: by wO \AZ"Arial RegularO+ 1 F ek33 F wF +%@@@1@@@  O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@OH+ %1  t +%@@@1@@@ O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@OCH J O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@2+ %1 a &    +"  :  -''7  :+10: Qv ُh JwO \AZ"Arial RegularO+ 1 ekg~g~  - n+%@@@1@@@ W O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@OH+ %1  q+%@@@1@@@ lO \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@CH wQO \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@2 jO \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@O+ %1   u  0 &   u     0 +"  u"+10:[xx F dC|wO \AZ"Arial RegularO+ 1 ek55 u+%@@@1@@@ O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@OH O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@CH < O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@2 b O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@O+ %1 +" -,y%-+10:[xx DNLaqwO \AZ"Arial RegularO+ 1 ek`2`2 y+%@@@1@@@ ]O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@OH O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@CH !O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@2 EO \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@O 3 O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@CH O \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@2 iO \AZ"Arial RegularO @@@@@@++ %1 W1 3a3 9   '  ?XSXXX@DDTable31.AMINO/PHENOLICRESINPRODUCTIONFACILITIESTable_A 'dxdLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5: WPC' ^#^#9!^#ƚX w '  _"^#"Arial- @@@ 2 nH 2  2   "-%2   @@@ "- 2 7Nr } }r }   "-%}r }  @@@- 2 1CI 1I I 1   "-%1I I  0  0%0   @@@- 2 GO   "-% @@@- 2 &HO @@@ 2 CH?"Arial- @@@ 2 c2mPPnP   "-%PnPSGSSG%GSS"Arial- @@@- 2 1NZZZ   "-%ZZ @@@- 2 H @@@ 2 q CH?"Arial- @@@ 2 2l"Arial- @@@ 2 `H D m D   "-%D m  @@@- 2 N      "-%   @@@- 2 C] E] n] E   "-%E] n] % F% o% F%F% o%  @@@- 2 yO   "-% @@@- 2 HO @@@ 2 CH?"Arial- @@@ 2 w22lddd   "-%ddg/g^g/%/g^g"Arial- @@@- 2 Nn{nn{   "-%{nn @@@- 2  H  E     "-%  E   ;  w ; %; w  @@@- 2 { !+ @@@ 2 6HK"Arial- @@@ 2 * 2e"Arial- @@@ 2 NO @@@ 2 H U  ~ U    "-%U  ~  @@@- 2 z C @@@ 2 &"H " )! "   "-%" )!  @@@- 2 t O      "-%    %  @@@- 2 + @@@'2 |(Initial U-F Polymer)MA3@43AMA3tNM @@@2 |(Water)NAMM @@@2 |l(Formaldehyde)MM3tM. .   "-%. -  $    @@@-- 2  HlK l" lK    "-%K l" l @@@- 2 Q N @@@ 2 CH?"Arial- @@@ 2 {O2l"Arial- @@@ 2 OHn n n    "-% n nddyd%dyd !  %  ! @@@- 2 J CJ ! J    "-%J ! yI y yI %I y y @@@- 2 ` O N     "-%  N @@@- 2 >@HO @@@ 2 B CH?"Arial- @@@ 2  2l    "-% ` 1 ` %` 1 "Arial- @@@- 2 <J N @@@ 2 3 H @@@ 2  Hll-l   "-%l-l @@@- 2 VN @@@ 2 CH?"Arial- @@@ 2 {2l"Arial- @@@ 2 RHOn<nen<   "-%<nenddd%dd!%! @@@- 2 \C.   "-%.yy/y%y/y @@@- 2 8ON   "-%N @@@- 2 >OH @@@ 2 BCH?"Arial- @@@ 2 c2l   "-%%"Arial- @@@- 2 <\N;d;   "-%;d @@@- 2 3H @@@ 2 + Courier4-_EE@PWPC'%="C!"C!9!"C!3ƚQ v C! q"C!  "--@$ ( I f  / P |    0g 7 ? A< B = 3 (^    >g|\? "-- $ z R@ R@ zrrr"Arial- @@@ "--2 , WeighOON @@@ 2  TankWOOH  "-- $DD @@@--2 WeighNOO @@@ 2 TankWNOHR2R2R2  "--v$92ROMC*  v ` QL C 8 6 2M 2 6 > MM [ o   i O ; / *. 7. 3. 6 6 A =R Xh r    ? ~   :    @ y   l*RB2VYZ2R= = = -$ = x I 9 3 C [ r    = I I I $ I  4f D J 8 !    I J @ J %J @  "- $ - $ k k     "-%  {  y  { %{ y  "- $QQ==`g` "-%`vd[vgW]W%WHYdzc^K] @@@--2 Organic Solventso0ONOI'_OHOO'H @@@$2 I(Methanol, Ethanol,0vO'ONOO''`'ONOO' @@@2  & Butanol)_(_N(NOO/  "-- $PPQ "-%% ;(tQ "- $iiWW}} "-%}V~;Vsxs%s'tBA<)x @@@--2  FormaldehydeWO/vOONOHOO @@@2 5Solution_ON(NO @@@2 w (37 or 50)%0ON(N0'OO/GDG  "-%Gz HxD @@@-2 Steam_(NOvG*}G  "-%G}* "-- $  + +     "-% N z\    % D e   {Q h  @@@--2 a Phenol_ONOO @@@2 H Storage`'O/OON7 3 7   "-%7 7 l 4 3  @@@-2 U|Steam`'ONv Y    "-%  Y9  9  % 9  -  $ 4  eR eR %ReK   $ 6   "-- $     "-%  "-      "-%   @@@--2 Syrup_I/OO @@@2 Storage_'O0NOO @@@2 ^,Varnish_O/OHO @@@2 ZStorage`'O/OONS TV S T  "-%TS V T G DT G%GT D \M d\M %M \d- $(d@ @@@--2 z Acid or Base_IN(N0'`NIN @@@2 CatalystgO'OHI'h Qh  "- %hfHWAQ - / $/ Q5 t Q  %D Q r $ r 9Q -  @@@--2 2 Additives_OO'INI;  D;   "- %; 4 D - $ s  %ehmh%hmM_cM_%_Mc/ $/c?. @@@--2 z Steam`'ONvX  "-%X-j $j @@@--2 / Cold WaterhNO'O'O/  "-- $     "-% |U!' "--&$   u Sf    'EzS2{G X X  "- %X %\ "ada %ad "-"$bE'bE'b "- %nnRR %RCTC @@@--2 = Drum Flakerh/Ov'WOHO0 @@@2 N  (Chilled)/hN NO/  "--$ $6@E$ WyiXH=m669 x  % q d{x @@@--2 NGrinderp/OON0  "-- $@u @ A Au   "-- $[ [ + +  $[ [ + +  p  "-% p @@@--2 Ribbon Blendersg NOON'`NOON0H?$0?  "-%?0$- $0SS] $+ ] $ %$] d +   $ Z ( vJxTvJ%JvTx $xTq T3q T%Tq 3p $p3Vq/%/( $(^7%7 $ @@@--2 lFillerWO/8  "-%8- $ c @@@--2 ECatalysthN(N HH(l;pl  "-%lp;- $p L @@@--2 / Additives_OO'INI  "-- $q +q ww+"r "r "- %r" # -v $v . w @@@--2  Pelletizer_OO'HO0  "-%-c $cd @@@--2 "CMolding PowdervOONO'`NhNO0 @@@2  to Packaging'O'_OHIONOO @@@2 ]ReactorgOOH'O0  "--"$ Z f    Z w  f G '    Ze ] e  "- %e h j ] - $ = 3 ) ) ) -$)  '  ) )` ) )` %` ) ) c  %  cd  d % d N ,   "-- $J J BMBMqrr"Arial- @@@--2 c H Oh'('p @@@ 2 I 2Orrr"Arial- @@@2 r Scrubber_I/OONO0  "--v$9 ,;"I.S=^Ke[iki|ifbVM?0 }j[J?5.))}*l,]2M9=D/Q$`p  "-$ sW9.WQH/s$ W9;W^U<9=9 "- %9D=-$ $$z$%$z$w]vw%wv]^rs^r%r^NHB&Ns$t%tZrqZr%rZqmVnm%mI=InnV~%~- $O % /%/ $^X W[ X %X [ W| $| [ (7 8 Be 8 B %B8 l 0 e E PE % EPb ` b %b ` c a c %c a Q4SQ4 %4Q^OS @@@--2 RefluxgO' NI @@@2 ) CondensorgOONOOHO/ @@@ 2 G[ ColdhN N @@@2  WaterN(N0 @@@2 :Vacuum_NIONv @@@ 2 b Pump_OvOT!T  "- %TN!-| $|{  % ( $() @@@--2 !FiltersW(N0I2||"Arial- @@@T2 y!3FIGURE 3-2. 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-@@@-58^d^d^d^e\e\e[e[c[a\a]a^b^b\b\b[b[c[e\e]e^d^d^d--@@@-d^d^--*%^d^e\e\e[e[c[a\a]a^b^b\b\b[b[c[e\e]e^d--d^d^---"8 _e_a_a_cacaababeaeac_c_e_e_e---% _e_a_a_cacaababeaeac_c_e--e_e_--&Arial7-- @@@.  @@@--&!--.$egehchcgcgdfdfdedececececdddddeeefdfdgcgeg--@@@-.%egehchcgcgdfdfdedececececdddddeeefdfdgcgeg--- @@@.  @@@--&!--$ 5e5a6a8d8a8a8e8e6b6e5e--@@@-% 5e5a6a8d8a8a8e8e6b6e5e---`8 ;e;e:e9e9d9d9c:c:c;c;c;c;c:b:c9c9c9b:b;b;c<c<d<e;e;e;e;e;e;d;d:d:d9d9d:d:e:e;d;d;d;d;d---6%;e;e:e9e9d9d9c:c:c;c;c;c;c:b:c9c9c9b:b;b;c<c<d<e;e--e;e;--e;e;--% ;d;d:d:d9d9d:d:e:e;d--d;d;--d;d;--- @@@.  @@@--&!--"8 >b>`=`=`>`>_>_>`?`?`>`>b>b>b--@@@-% >b>`=`=`>`>_>_>`?`?`>`>b--b>b>----$*h*\U\hp*h---%*h*\U\hp*h-&Arial[9-- .  --&!--]h--ng)--UP--U P -&Arial[9-- @@@.  @@@--&!-->8  LKJJ J K!K!L!NNNLLLLMNN N L L KKKLLL--@@@-% LKJJ J K!K!L!NNNL--LL--% LMNN N L L KKKL--LL--- @@@.  @@@--&!--$rq q rr--@@@-%rq q rr--- %-G2G2}-}-- %G G }}-&Arial7-- @@@.  @@@--&!--8wbsbsbwbwbwbwdsdscwcwd--@@@- %wbsbsbwb--bwbw--%wdsdscwcwd--- @@@.  @@@--&!--D8 caa``aacddeeeddccccdddcaaabccc--@@@-$%caa``aacddeeeddc--cc--% cdddcaaabc--cc---aa--- $`ab`--- %`ab`--dd--- $edce--- %edce---$h\T\hph---%h\T\hph-&Arial[9-- .  --&!--]h--nf--TO--UO-&Arial[9-- @@@.  @@@--&!--F8 KJIIIIJKLLMMMKKKKLLMMMLKKJJJKKK--@@@- %KJIIIIJKLLMMMK--KK--% KLLMMMLKKJJJK--KK---pt--ot-- @@@.  @@@--&!--B8  wuuvwyyyyxxwwwwxyyxxwwvvvvwww--@@@-% wuuvwyyyyxxw--ww--% wxyyxxwwvvvvw--ww---88xxyyyxwwvuuuvvvvvvwyyyxxx---2%xxyyyxwwvuuuvvvvvvwyyyx--xx---$ yuuwwuuyywwyy---% yuuwwuuyywwyy--- @@@.  @@@--&!--2$}}}}||{{zzyyzzzyyyzz|}}--@@@-2%}}}}||{{zzyyzzzyyyzz|}}--- @@@.  @@@--&!--"8 yuuwwuuyywwyyy--@@@-% yuuwwuuyywwy--yy--- @@@.  @@@--&!--$ttttt--@@@-%ttttt--- %GG}}-- %GG}}-- @@@.  @@@--&!--8 e``d``eeaeee--@@@-% e``d``eeae--ee---X8ddeedddcccccccbbbbbbbbbcceedddcccddddccc---<%ddeedddcccccccbbbbbbbbbcceed--dd--%cccddddc--cc--- @@@.  @@@--&!--$ a````^^````aa--@@@-% a````^^````aa----$h\U\hph---%h\U\hph-&Arial[9-- .  --&!--]h--ng --UO-&Arial[9-- @@@.  @@@--&!--D8 LKJJJJKLMMNNNLLLLMNNNNLLKKKLLL--@@@- %LKJJJJKLMMNNNL--LL--% LMNNNNLLKKKL--LL---8 NJJNJJNNKNNN---% NJJNJJNNKN--NN---V8  NNNMMMM L L LLLLLKK K L L M N N N N N N N MMMNNNN N M M M---.% NNNMMMM L L LLLLLKK K L L M N--N N --N N --N N --% MMMNNNN N M--M M ---vp-- @@@.  @@@--&!--68zz{{{zyxwwwxxxwwxyz{{zzz--@@@-0%zz{{{zyxwwwxxxwwxyz{{z--zz---$ {wwyyww{{yy{{---% {wwyyww{{yy{{--&Arial7-- @@@.  @@@--&!--2$}}}}}||{{{{{zzzz{||}}}}--@@@-2%}}}}}||{{{{{zzzz{||}}}}--- @@@.  @@@--&!--D8  yxwwwy{{{{zzyyyyz{{zzyxwwwxyyy--@@@-% yxwwwy{{{{zzy--yy--% yz{{zzyxwwwxy--yy---$ { w w y y w w { { y y { {---% { w w y y w w { { y y { {--&Arialc7- -  @@@.  @@@-- &!--$ LeLcKcKcLcLaMaMcNcNcMcMeLe--@@@-% LeLcKcKcLcLaMaMcNcNcMcMeLe----$%#%#+%#---%%#%#+%#- &Arial[9-- .  --&!---$ !"!!%&%!---% !"!!%&%!-- -&Arial[9-- @@@.  @@@--&!--B8         --@@@-%     ----%    -----$      ---%      --- @@@.  @@@--&!--$ 7 78::;; : 88 7 --@@@-% 7 78::;; : 88 7 ---X8= = < ; ;;<<====<<;;;==>>>> = = = = = ==<<< = =====---4%= = < ; ;;<<====<<;;;==>>>> = -- = =-- = =--%==<<< = =--==--==---<8  >>?@ABBB @ ? >>>>??@ A AA@@????---% >>?@ABBB @ ? >>-->>--% ??@ A AA@@??--??---$ C CDDFFFF F FDD C ---% C CDDFFFF F FDD C ---Qe--- $bfbb--- %bfbb--fR--- $U QUU --- %U QUU ---$#wll#x+#---%#wll#x+#-&Arial[9-- .  --&!---"$optx{~!~#{%x&t%p!o---"%optx{~!~#{%x&t%p!o--w w-&Arial[9-- @@@.  @@@--&!--$ppqqp--@@@-%ppqqp---<8  rrstvvvutssrrrrsstuuutssss---% rrstvvvutssrr--rr--% sstuuutss--ss---$ wwxzzzzzxxw---% wwxzzzzzxxw---X8 }}|{{{{||}}}}}||{{{|}~~~}}}}}}}||{{||}}}---6%}}|{{{{||}}}}}||{{{|}~~~}--}}--}}--% }}||{{||}}}--- @@@.  @@@--&!--$ --@@@-% --- @@@.  @@@--&!--"8    --@@@-%   --  ---F8   --- % ----%  ----&Arial7-- @@@.  @@@--&!--2$"##"""!!! 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 !!"!!  !!--!!---$ ""##%%%%%%##"---% ""##%%%%%%##"--&Arial7-- @@@.  @@@--&!--2$((&&&&''((''&&&'(((''&(--@@@-2%((&&&&''((''&&&'(((''&(--- @@@.  @@@--&!--D8  ))++,,--,,+))))))**+,,,++*))))--@@@-% ))++,,--,,+))--))--% ))**+,,,++*))--))---"8 ....111111....---% ....111111..--..--&Arial;7- -  @@@.  @@@-- &!--$ 77667788::887--@@@-% 77667788::887----$---%-  &Arial[9-- .  --&!--- $--- %---&Arial[9-- @@@.  @@@--&!--D8  --@@@-% ----% -----$ ---% ----- @@@.  @@@--&!--F8 --@@@- %----% -----58-----*%-----"8 ---% ----&Arial7-- @@@.  @@@--&!--0$--@@@-0%--------$  ---%  - &Arial[9-- .  --&!---$ ---% ---&Arial[9-- @@@.  @@@--&!--@8  --@@@-% ----% -----$ ---% --- -- @@@.  @@@--&!--B8                              --@@@-<%                            --  ---$   ---%   --&Arial7-- @@@.  @@@--&!--0$--@@@-0%--- @@@.  @@@--&!--B8  --@@@-% ----% -----%--%---$---%-&Arial[9-- .  --&!--- $--- %---&Arial[9-- @@@.  @@@--&!--@8  --@@@-% ----% -----"8 ---% ----- @@@.  @@@--&!--88--@@@-2%-----$ ---% --&Arial7-- @@@.  @@@--&!--,$--@@@-,%--- @@@.  @@@--&!--D8 --@@@- %----% --------$SSH==HS---%SSH==HS-&Arial[9-- .  --&!--- $@AEHKNOPNHECA@--- %@AEHKNOPNHECA@--HH-&Arial[9-- @@@.  @@@--&!--<8  CCDEFGGGECCCCCDDEFFFFEDCCC--@@@-% CCDEFGGGECC--CC--% CDDEFFFFEDC--CC---$ HHIIKKKKKKIIH---% HHIIKKKKKKIIH--- @@@.  @@@--&!--98bbbba___`aabbbba___`aabbb--@@@-bb--.%bba___`aabbbba___`aab--bb---"8 ccccffffffcccc---% ccccffffffcc--cc--&Arial7-- @@@.  @@@--&!--2$iiggghhiiihhgggghiihhgi--@@@-2%iiggghhiiihhgggghiihhgi--- @@@.  @@@--&!-->8  jjkklmnnnlkjjjjkklmmmmlkkkk--@@@-% jjkklmnnnlkjj--jj--% kklmmmmlkk--kk--- @@@.  @@@--&!--C8--@@@---8%-----"8 ---% ----- @@@.  @@@--&!--.$--@@@-.%--&Arial;7- -  @@@.  @@@-- &!--$ ZZYYZZ[[\\[[Z--@@@-% ZZYYZZ[[\\[[Z---p--- $}}}--- %}}}-xwwwy{= WPC' )Z$R)Z$R9!)Z$R)ƚ4 -Y  R) s Z$R)@`ObRb??b7`^A`BBb`bA`1`!bb!R?bбuҰj|h¼q///R"/ @O@1/"@@@ b!A !!! / Oab B@@AOOO@`B111/" A ` ""@_bBb___`BBBB@#2?/ "@@rrr?bb``<@A@@@@`AP`b`A@"AA% bAbAbA5AA"""+"Y@@B!AB@B@@pA@Ra`b_``qtA2BB?5Ÿҿ A`5@@@@@@@@@@A@!AABO@A `@@@@@AA/45nnn - -$n==hnKrr"Arial;- -- 2  2  --+g -%gK"Arial- @@@-- 2 3OH"Arial<- @@@ 2 + @@@ 2 +K"Arial- @@@ 2 . CHr"Arial<- @@@ 2 A, 2MK"Arial- @@@ 2 | OH] ]   -%] -f $ffs %s k $ k[  2"Arial;- @@@-- 2  slowf/rb  -%b- $zxx%x{o $o{o @@@-- 2 fast;rf8snsnsn - -$nsqgnsKrr"Arial<- -- 2  1  --/ p -%pK"Arial- @@@-- 2 COHtIt  -%tI|'Q|%|Q' @@@- 2 rH @@@ 2 xrCHr"Arial<- @@@ 2 m2MK"Arial- @@@ 2 rOH5  -%5- -$rXT,Krr"Arial;- -- 2 B 1  --vv -%vK"Arial- @@@-- 2 :OH @@@ 2  CHr"Arial<- @@@ 2 H 2NK"Arial- @@@ 2 U OH"Arial<- @@@ 2 :"+K"Arial- @@@ 2 Y#H @@@ 2 &$+iSSS  -%SS-o' $'oS'64%4 $"Arial;- @@@-- 2 +       - -$  eM[`W   Krr"Arial<- -- 2 E 1  -- QQ -%QK"Arial- @@@-- 2 =OH @@@ 2  CHr"Arial<- @@@ 2 $ 2NK"Arial- @@@ 2 X OHe   e   -% e  @@@- 2 zH @@@ 2 b+iz  -%z- -$LQ Krr"Arial;- -- 2 M 1  --UDjQ CC C -%C CK"Arial- @@@-- 2 OH @@@ 2 @CHr"Arial<- @@@ 2 2MK"Arial- @@@ 2 :OH"Arial<- @@@ 2 H+K"Arial- @@@ 2 !Hr"Arial<- @@@ 2 a!2MK"Arial- @@@ 2 !O"Arial<- @@@ 2  +sss --$sa mhsKrr"Arial;- -- 2  1  --]0 i dl d d -%d dl K"Arial- @@@-- 2 9 OH| y  -%y| bbb- -$bK VPsbKrr"Arial;- -- 2  1  -- C P B_ B B -%B B_ K"Arial- @@@-- 2 3 OH @@@ 2 CHr"Arial<- @@@ 2 2NK"Arial- @@@ 2 ; +ip]p]p] --$]p_ j]pK~~"Arial;- -- 2 O= 2  ---  i   -% i K"Arial- @@@-- 2 ^ OHB B  -%B BBB- -$B? B --3H     -%   @@@-- 2 ^ kOH @@@ 2  8CHr"Arial<- @@@ 2 62Mb b  -%b K"Arial;- @@@- 2 h"H @@@ 2 l#+i"Arial- @@@ 2 r +bb  -%b-k $kkk))x)%)x)  $ `)E-- Courier-A'''<09Z .Courier New Regular<09Z .Courier New Regular(3$ !  ((3$ !      0  (#$  0  8- 4-    '  HX5XXX  Table62.AMINO/PHENOLICRESINSTORAGEVESSELSRAWMATERIALTANKS  FROMBESTPERFORMING5FACILITIES#OXmXXX5#rXXXXm<09Z .Courier New Regular5-   d(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular(2C$ !  2- 3- >$"Small Circle"0  TABLE A\4-   C$    1    X5XXXԀInthismemorandum,44majorsourcesareidentified.  Aftertheoriginaldatawerecollected,severalfacilitieshaveclosedorhavebeenotherwiseidentifiedasnotbeinginthesourcecategory.Thus,thetotalnumberofsourcesidentifiedas majorisestimatedtobe40.<6X9`("Courier 10cpib#e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)<09Z .Courier New Regular  ^ 5-  #"  m(e9)%`|0X `EXC gm CCxxTABLE BTABLE A(;$2e  0  .3  0  f WPC'%?~"~"9!~" ƚU '  >~""Arial- @@@ 2 N @@@ 2 H @@@ 2 H@@@   "-%@@BBB%BB @@@ "- 2 MC O * O   "-%O *    %   @@@- 2 N @@@ 2 H @@@ 2 H   "-%% @@@- 2 <O   "-%% @@@- 2  (2)HMN @@@ 2 C     "-%  @@@- 2 O   "-%%uQu%uQ @@@- 2 \H @@@ 2 HO @@@ 2 }CH?"Arial- @@@ 2 *2m~Y~   "-%~YI$I%I$"Arial- @@@- 2 9N @@@ 2 C   "-% @@@- 2 9H   "-% @@@- 2 O!OH @@@ 2 oCH?"Arial- @@@ 2 *2l!> !   "-%!> MsM%Ms"Arial- @@@- 2 N   "-% @@@- 2 OKKK   "-%KKrrr%rr @@@- 2 Hzz   "-%z"Arial- @@@- 2  + @@@ 2 ="Arial- @@@2 /(Urea)MNM @@@2  (Formaldehyde)MM3tM @@@'2 +Dimethylol Urea (DMU)3At33AMAMN Courier4-%*4A<< C) [  `FDutch Roman 12ptIBM PC FW, PortTABLE B) [  `FDutch Roman 12ptIBM PC FW, Port@@  '  wX5XXX@DDTable31.AMINO/PHENOLICRESINPRODUCTIONFACILITIES  '  X5XXX  Table81.PROPOSEDSTANDARDSFORNEWAFFECTEDSOURCES#XmXXX5#<09Z .Courier New RegularTABLE A #"  m(9)%`|0X `EXC gm CCxx   '  XQXXX  Table61.MACTFLOORANDREGULATORYALTERNATIVESBEYONDTHEMACTFLOOR  ANALYSISFOREXISTINGANDNEWAFFECTEDSOURCES#XmXXXQ#oXXXXm B(  X5XXX  Table82.PROPOSEDSTANDARDSFOREXISTINGAFFECTEDSOURCES#XmXXX5#TABLE ATABLE A   '  X5XXX  Table62.AMINO/PHENOLICRESINSTORAGEVESSELSRAWMATERIALTANKS  FROMBESTPERFORMING5FACILITIES#XmXXX5#oXXXXm WPC'%?~"~"9!~" ƚU '  >~""Arial- @@@ 2 N @@@ 2 H @@@ 2 H@@@   "-%@@BBB%BB @@@ "- 2 MC O * O   "-%O *    %   @@@- 2 N @@@ 2 H @@@ 2 H   "-%% @@@- 2 <O   "-%% @@@- 2  (2)HMN @@@ 2 C     "-%  @@@- 2 O   "-%%uQu%uQ @@@- 2 \H @@@ 2 HO @@@ 2 }CH?"Arial- @@@ 2 *2m~Y~   "-%~YI$I%I$"Arial- @@@- 2 9N @@@ 2 C   "-% @@@- 2 9H   "-% @@@- 2 O!OH @@@ 2 oCH?"Arial- @@@ 2 *2l!> !   "-%!> MsM%Ms"Arial- @@@- 2 N   "-% @@@- 2 OKKK   "-%KKrrr%rr @@@- 2 Hzz   "-%z"Arial- @@@- 2  + @@@ 2 ="Arial- @@@2 /(Urea)MNM @@@2  (Formaldehyde)MM3tM @@@'2 +Dimethylol Urea (DMU)3At33AMAMN Courier4-5Table_A!PRINT_AREA TABLE BTABLE BTABLE A  '  X5XXX  Table66.BESTPERFORMING5FACILITIESFORNONREACTORBATCHPROCESSVENTSBASEDONOVERALLPERCENTREDUCTION#XmXXX5#oXXXXm   C$    1    X5XXXԀInthismemorandum,44majorsourcesareidentified.  Aftertheoriginaldatawerecollected,severalfacilitieshaveclosedorhavebeenotherwiseidentifiedasnotbeinginthesourcecategory.Thus,thetotalnumberofsourcesidentifiedas majorisestimatedtobe40.5Table_A!PRINT_AREA  ' B(    <09Z .Courier New Regular   '  XQXXX  Table61.MACTFLOORANDREGULATORYALTERNATIVESBEYONDTHEMACTFLOOR  ANALYSISFOREXISTINGANDNEWAFFECTEDSOURCES#XmXXXQ#XXXXm  '  X5XXX   Table610.EmissionReductionsandCostEffectivenessfor  SelectedWastewaterStreams #XmXXX5#oXXXXm<09Z 0Courier (W1) Regular(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular* `CG TimesTABLE ATABLE A  '  XQXXX@Table69.WASTEWATERFLOWANDCONCENTRATIONDATA#XmXXXQ#oXXXXm) [  `FDutch Roman 12ptIBM PC FW, Port  '  X5XXX  Table66.BESTPERFORMING5FACILITIESFORNONREACTORBATCHPROCESSVENTSBASEDONOVERALLPERCENTREDUCTION#XmXXX5#XXXXmTABLE A   \X%XXXTable610.EMISSIONREDUCTIONSANDCOSTEFFECTIVENESS  FORSELECTEDWASTEWATERSTREAMS#XmX%X\X #<09Z .Courier New Regular(9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularTable_ATable_ATABLE D) [  `FDutch Roman 12ptIBM PC FW, Port ' B(      '  X5XXX   Table610.EmissionReductionsandCostEffectivenessfor  SelectedWastewaterStreams #XmXXX5#XXXXm<09Z .Courier New Regular(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular) [  `FDutch Roman 12ptIBM PC FW, Port  '  XQXXX@Table69.WASTEWATERFLOWANDCONCENTRATIONDATA#XmXXXQ#XXXXm<09Z 0Courier (W1) Regular(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular) [  `FDutch Roman 12ptIBM PC FW, Port   X%XXXTable610.EMISSIONREDUCTIONSANDCOSTEFFECTIVENESS  FORSELECTEDWASTEWATERSTREAMS#XmX%X\X #<09Z .Courier New Regular(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular2M)MMMMMMMLi@M4@Mf@MfffffV@MM@[@M̌H@M33333M@MK@MM]@M]@MMMMYP@M33333SP@M?M?MMffffff@Mffffff@MMMM33333b@M9@M]@M33333T@MM33333@Mq@Mfffffv@M L@TABLE AMNNN@@N@@NNN\@N@N@NNNNNN?@N @NC@NNNNNNl{@Nhs@N`@NNڠ@N33333@ND@TABLE BNVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVTABLE AVYYYYYLi@YY@[@YY]@YYYP@YYffffff@YY33333b@YY33333@TABLE BYcdghi:iiiiiiiiiiii@i@iii@i@iii333333?iiii333333?ii(\?iffffff?iffffff?ii(\?iffffff?ii(\?i(\?iffffff?iffffff?iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiTABLE Aijklllll nnnnnnnnnnn n nnn,@nnV-?nV-?nnnnnn@nn8@n +?nnnn n X@nnn@nn3333339@nT㥛 ?nnX@nn n nnn@nn333333(@n333333(@nnnnn.@nn= ףp=@nmV}b?nnnn n W@nnn4@nn333335@n)\(?nnnn X@nnn3@nn ףp= @nT㥛 ?nnU@nnnn5@nnK?nK?nnn n n 6@n n {Gz@n &†?n n X@n n n n 8@n n Gz@n Q@n n n n T@n n n ?n n ?n Q?n n V@n n n n @n n ?n ?n n V@n nnn @nnMbp?nMbp?nnnnn&@nn{Gzt?n{Gzt?nnV@nn@S@nnn"@nn?n333333?nnR@nnQ@nnn@nnQ?nQ?nnnnnn@nny&1?ny&1?nnnnn@nn ףp= ?n)\(?nn@U@nnnn@nnNbX9?n+?nn@U@nnnn @nnI +?nA`"?nn@U@nn@N@nnn@nn/$?n/$?nnI@nnnn@nnL7A`?nL7A`?nnI@nnnn@nnn?nn?nnI@nnI@Table_Ann+PRINT_AREA pss@sI@tt@tI@tT@tyz'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(2C$ !  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(#(# 2.  Foradditionalinformationcontact: H   0  Mr.JohnSchaefer (#(#   OrganicChemicalsGroup  U.S.environmentalProtectionAgency(MD13)  ResearchTrianglePark,NC27711  Telephone:  (919)5410296 H    EMAIL:   SCHAEFER.JOHN@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV  3.  Papercopiesofthisdocumentmaybeobtainedfrom: P   U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyLibrary(MD36)  ResearchTrianglePark,NC27711  Telephone:  (919)5412777 p   NationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS)  5285PortRoyalRoad  Springfield,VA22161  Telephone:  (703)4874650 X 4.0   XTXXXTElectroniccopiesofthisdocumentmaybeobtainedfromthe 8 EPATechnologyTransferNetwork(TTN)overtheinternetbygoingtothefollowingaddress: (#(# 0   ` http://www.epa.gov/ttncaaa1/t3bid.html#XTXX XTH#ԛ X#(#(# ̜5.0  Electroniccopiesofthisdocumentmaybeobtainedfromthe !% EPATTNelectronicbulletinboardsystemwhichisfree,exceptforthenormallongdistancecharges.ToaccesstheBasisandPurposeDocument: (#(# Л  0 ` Setsoftwarecommunicationsettingto8bits,no H&!+ parity,and1stopbit ` (#` (#   0 ` SetaterminalemulationofeitherVT100,VT102,or '(#- ANSI ` (#` (#   0 ` Baudratesof1200,2400,9600,14,400areacceptedh)$/` (#` (#   0 ` Useaccessnumber(919)5415742;accessproblems 0*%0 shouldbedirectedtothesystemoperatorat(919)5415384 ` (#` (#   0 ` Registeronlinebyprovidingapersonalnameand ,'3 password ` (#` (#   0 ` SpecifyTTNBulletinBoard:CleanAirActAmendmentsx` (#` (#   0 ` Selectmenuitem:RecentlySignedRules @` (#` (# М̛  TABLEOFCONTENTS=  Page @  @`  @  @  @h  @       1.0 ` PURPOSEOFDOCUMENT!!H(#.HH'11 ( x   2.0 ` INTRODUCTION!!H(#. 21      3.0 ` DESCRIPTIONOFTHEAFFECTEDINDUSTRY!!H(#.@@831 H      ` 3.1 General!!H(#. 31 `     ` 3.2 AminoResinsProduction!!H(#.136 (     ` 3.3 PhenolicResinsProductionH!H!G(#.``4310      ` 3.4 EmissionsH!H!G(#."316 h     ` 3.5 ReferencesH!H!G(#.hh#320 0    4.0 ` SELECTIONOFSOURCECATEGORY!!H(#.141    5.0 ` BASELINEEMISSIONS!!H(#.&51 P   6.0 ` MACTFLOORSANDREGULATORYALTERNATIVES!!H(#.;61 0    ` 6.10 CleanAirActRequirements#!!H(#.3 (# (##61     ` 6.20 GeneralApproachforMACTFloorsandp (# (#    `  RegulatoryAlternativesBeyondtheMACTFloor!!H(#. F63 8    ` 6.30 DeterminationofMACTFloorsforP (# (#    `  StorageVessels!!H(#.88)68     ` 6.40 DeterminationofMACTFloorsforContinuous  ProcessVents#H!H!G(#.& (# (##616 X    ` 6.50 DeterminationofMACTFloorsforReactorBatch  p ProcessVents#H!H!G(#.& (# (##619 8    ` 6.60 DeterminationofMACTFloorsforNonReactorBatch   ProcessVents#H!H!G(#.& (# (##624 x!    ` 6.70 DeterminationofMACTFloorsforWastewater#H!H!G(#.D (# (##631 @"    ` 6.80 DeterminationofMACTFloorsforEquipment X# (# (#    `  LeaksH!H!G(#.632  $    ` 6.9RegulatoryAlternativesBeyondtheMACTFloor634   `    (#x'   @ TABLEOFCONTENTS(concluded)H!H!G(#Page @  X   7.0 ` SUMMARYOFENVIRONMENTAL,ENERGY,COST    0 ` ANDECONOMICIMPACTS#!!H(#.88)` (#` (##71 `     ` 7.1 FacilitiesAffectedbythisNESHAP!!H(#.;71 ( x    ` 7.2 PrimaryAirImpacts!!H(#.,72  @    ` 7.3 NonairEnvironmentalImpacts!!H(#.PP673       ` 7.4 EnergyImpacts!!H(#.HH'75       ` 7.5 CostImpacts!!H(#.XX%77 H      ` 7.6 EconomicImpactsH!H!G(#.88)714 `    8.0  ` SUMMARYOFTHEPROPOSEDSTANDARDS!!H(#.581      ` 8.1 SourceCategorytobeRegulatedand h     `  DefinitionofAffectedSource!!H(#.@@881 0     ` 8.2 RelationshiptoOtherRules!!H(#.``483 H     ` 8.3 PollutantstobeRegulated!!H(#.385     ` 8.4 AffectedEmissionPoints!!H(#.186     ` 8.5 FormatoftheStandard!!H(#./86 P    ` 8.6 SummaryoftheProposedStandards!!H(#.00:89  h   LISTOFTABLESr'Table `    TitleH!H!G(#Page  31   ` AminoandPhenolicResinProduction ( x    ` Facilities!!H(#.32  @ 51   ` BaselineOrganicHAPEmissionsbyEmission       ` PointforMajorExistingSources!!H(#.``451 H   52   ` PredominantHAPEmittedbyEmissionPoint!!H(#.=52 (  61   ` MACTFloorandRegulatoryAlternativesBeyondtheMACT h     ` FloorAnalysisforExistingandNewAffected   ` Sources!!H(#. 65 H  62  0 ` Amino/PhenolicResinStorageVesselsRaw` (#` (#    ` MaterialTanksfromTop5Facilities!!H(#.@@869 P 63   ` HONAnalysisofRawMaterialTanksH!H!G(#.PP6612 0 64   ` ContinuousProcessVentControlsat p    ` MajorSourcesH!H!G(#.xx!617 8 65   ` TopFacilitiesforReactorBatchProcessVents     ` BasedonAppliedSecondaryControlsH!H!G(#.7620  66   ` Top5FacilitiesforNonReactorBatchProcess  p    ` VentsBasedonOverallPercentReductionH!H!G(#.  <626 8 67   ` TREAnalysisforContinuousProcessVentsat x!    ` ExistingAffectedSourcesH!H!G(#.-637 @" ̜68   ` TREAnalysisforContinuousProcessVentsat  $    ` NewAffectedSourcesH!H!G(#.(637  !% ̛@ LISTOFTABLES(concluded)Table `    TitleH!H!G(#Page  ̜69   ` WastewaterFlowandConcentrationDataH!H!G(#.00:643 ( x 610   ` EmissionReductionsandCostEffectiveness       ` forSelectedWastewaterStreamsH!H!G(#.3646    611   ` SummaryofLDARRegulatoryAlternativesH!H!G(#.  <649 `  612   ` SummaryofRegulatoryAnalysisforEquipment      ` LeaksH!H!G(#. 64754 h  71   ` OrganicHAPEmissionReductionsbyEmission H     ` PointforExistingSources!!H(#..73  72   ` SummaryofCostImpacts!!H(#.((+779 P 81   ` ProposedStandardsforNewAffectedSourcesH!H!G(#.?8810 0 81   ` ProposedStandardsforExistingAffectedSourcesH!H!G(#.D8102 p   8 @hh#LISTOFFIGURESFigure `     h TitleH!H!G(#Page `  31   `  AminoResinsManufacturingProcess!!H(#.;39  @ 32   `  PhenolicResinsManufacturingProcessH!H!G(#.>312      XSXXXT7SXXdXXd7ћ@LL1.0PURPOSEOFDOCUMENT  М̛  ThedraftBasisandPurposeDocumentprovidesbackgroundinformationon,andrationalefor,decisionsbytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)relatedtotheproposedstandardsforthereductionofhazardousairpollutants(HAP)emittedthroughthemanufactureofamino/phenolicresins.Thisdocumentisintendedtosupplementthepreamblefortheproposedstandards.  ThisdocumentisseparatedintoeightchaptersprovidingacombinationofbackgroundinformationandEPArationalefordecisionsmadeinthestandardsdevelopmentprocess.Chapters2,3,5,and7providebackgroundinformation;chapter2isanintroduction,chapter3describestheaffectedindustry,chapter5presentsthebaselineHAPemissions,andchapter7presentsthepredictedimpactsassociatedwiththeregulatoryalternatives.Chapters4,6,and8providetheEPAsrationalefortheselectionofthesourcecategory,thedeterminationofMACT floorsanddevelopmentofregulatoryalternativesbeyondtheMACTFloor,andasummaryoftheproposedstandards,Ϝrespectively.  Supportinginformationandmoredetaileddescriptionsfortechnicalandrationalechaptersarecontainedinthememorandumreferencedinthisdocumentandcontainedintheprojectdocket.#XTXXXS׆7#  L(#+ Q7SXXdXXd7    XSXXXT2.0 @ INTRODUCTION  =  Section112oftheCleanAirAct(CAA),asamendedin1990(1990Amendments)providestheEPAwiththeauthoritytoestablishnationalstandardstoreduceairemissionsfromsourcesthatemitoneormoreof188hazardousairpollutants(HAP).Section112(b)oftheCleanAirActcontainsalistofHAPtoberegulatedbyNationalEmissionStandardsforHazardousAirPollutants(NESHAP),andSection112(c)directstheEPAtousethispollutantlisttodevelopandpublishalistofsourcecategoriesforwhichNESHAPwillbedeveloped.TheEPAmustlistallknownsourcecategoriesandsubcategoriesof majorsourcesthatemitoneormoreofthelistedHAP.AmajorsourceisdefinedinSection112(a)asanystationarysourceorgroupofstationarysourceslocatedwithinacontiguousareaandundercommoncontrolthatemits,orhasthepotentialtoemitconsideringcontrols,intheaggregate,10tonsperyearofanyoneHAPor25tonsperyearofanycombinationofHAP.ThislistofsourcecategorieswaspublishedintheFederalRegisteron  (" July16,1992(57FR31576).  Thepublishedlistofsourcecategoriesincludedtheaminoresinsproductionsourcecategoryandthephenolicresinsproductionsourcecategory.Thesetwoproductscanbroadlybeclassifiedasformaldehydebasedthermosettingresins.Becauseofsimilaritiesintheproductionprocess,HAPemissions,emissionprofiles,andapplicablecontroltechnology,the p,'0 Мproposedregulationcombinestheaminoandphenolicresinsproductioncategoriesintoasinglesourcecategorycalledamino/phenolicresinsproduction.#XTXXXS=#  P RQ  7TXXdXXd73.0DESCRIPTIONOFTHEAFFECTEDINDUSTRY L ME  Thischapterpresentsabriefdescriptionoftheindustryaffectedbythisrule.Thischapterisdividedintofiveseparatesections:Section3.1providesabasicdescriptionoftheamino/phenolicresinsindustry,Section3.2describesoftheaminoresinsproductionprocess,Section3.3describesthephenolicresinsproductionprocess,Section3.4describesemissionpointsfortheamino/phenolicresinsproductionprocesses,andSection3.5listsreferencesforthischapter.3.1  GENERAL \   TheEPAhasidentifiedatotalof99plantsitesproducingeitheraminoorphenolicresins.Themajorityofthesefacilitiesareeitherareasourcesorsyntheticareasources.1     Table31identifiestheknownproducersofamino/phenolicresins,alongwiththeirfacilitylocations.Theamino/phenolicresinmanufacturingfacilitiescoveredinthescopeofthisNESHAParelocatedin30states.ThelargestnumberoffacilitiesarelocatedinOregon,followedby:NorthCarolina,Alabama,Ohio,Texas,Illinois,andSouthCarolina.̛  Aminoresinsareproducedbyreactingformaldehyde(CH2O) #& withanaminocompound[acompoundwithanaminogroup(NH2)]. %@( 1u*w2 3ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#w,, +  < + ' * 8 <Company J 9%T'!+"  J VXX zLocation [Q0T'!," 8    , [ zL" XVXL"3M C9%T("- C VXX zCottageGrove,MN [Q0T(". ,  , [ zM" XVXM"3M C9%T)#/ C VXX zHartfordCity,IN [Q0T)#0 ,  , [ zN" XVXN"3M C9%T*$1 C VXX zNorthCordova,IL [Q0T*$2 ,  , [ zO" XVXO"Akzo C9%T+%3 C VXX zLouisville,KY [Q0T+%4 ,  , [ zP" XVXP"AMETEK C9%, C VXX zWilmington,DE [Q0, ,  , [ zQ" XVXQ"Ashland C9%, C VXX zCalumetCity,IL [Q0, ,  , [ zS" XVXR"Ashland C9% , C VXX zCleveland,OH [Q0 , ,  , [ zT" XVXS"Auralax C9% , C VXX zNorwich,CT [Q0 , ,  , [ z-U" XVXU"BASF C9% ,  C VXX zGreenville,OH [Q0 ,  ,  , [ z:V" XVXV"Bendix C9% ,  C VXX zGreenIsland,NJ [Q0 ,  ,  , [ zLW" XVX.W"Borden C9% ,  C VXX zAlexandria,LA [Q0 , ,  , [ z`X" XVXBX"Borden C9%, C VXX zDemopolis,AL [Q0, ,  , [ zrY" XVXTY"Borden C9%, C VXX zDiboll,TX [Q0, ,  , [ zZ" XVXeZ"Borden C9%,  C VXX zFayetteville,NC [Q0,  ,  , [ z[" XVXs["Borden C9%,  C VXX zForestPark,OH [Q0,  ,  , [ z\" XVX\"Borden C9%,  C VXX zFremont,CA [Q0,  ,  , [ z]" XVX]"Borden C9%,  C VXX zIslandCity,OR [Q0,  ,  , [ z^" XVX^"Borden C9%,  C VXX zLouisville,KY [Q0,  ,  , [ z_" XVX_"Borden C9%, C VXX zMissoula,MT [Q0, ,  , [ z`" XVX`"Borden C9%, C VXX zMorganton,NC [Q0,  ,  , [ za" XVXa"Borden C9%,! C VXX zMt.Jewett,PA [Q0," ,  , [ z c" XVXb"Borden C9%,# C VXX zNorthKent,WA [Q0,$ ,  , [ zd" XVXd"Borden C9%,% C VXX zSheboygan,WI [Q0,& ,  , [ z1e" XVXe"Borden C9%,' C VXX zSpringfield,OR [Q0,( ,  , [ zBf" XVX$f"BTL C9%,) C VXX zToledo,OH [Q0,* ,  , [ zRg" XVX4g"CapitalResins C9%,+ C VXX zColumbus,OH [Q0,, ,  , [ zhh" XVXJh"Cargill C9%,- C VXX zCarpentersville,IL [Q0,. ,  , [ zyi" XVX[i"CNCInternational C9%,/ C VXX zWoonsocket,RI [Q0,0 ,  , [ zj" XVX}j"CookComposites C9%,1 C VXX zHouston,TX [Q0,2 ,  , [ zk" XVXk"Cytec C9% ,3 C VXX zKalamazoo,MI [Q0 ,4 ,  , [ zl" XVXl"Cytec C9%!,5 C VXX zMobile,AL [Q0!,6 ,  , [ zm" XVXm"Cytec(A.C.Molding) C9%",7 C VXX zWallingford,CT [Q0",8 ,  , [ zn" XVXn"Cytec(Negron) C9%#,9 C VXX zWallingford,CT [Q0#,: ,  , [ z p" XVXo"DeltaResins C9%$,; C VXX zDetroit,MI [Q0$,< ,  , [ z$q" XVXq"DeltaResins C9%%,= C VXX zMilwaukee,WI [Q0%,> ,  , [ z9r" XVXr"Dexter C9%&,? C VXX zBirmingham,AL [Q0&,@ ,  , [ zJs" XVX,s"Dexter C9%', A C VXX zWaukegan,IL [Q0', B ,  , [ z\t" XVX>t"DockResins C9%(,!C C VXX zLinden,NJ [Q0(,!D ,  , [ zqu" XVXSu"Dynachem C9%),"E C VXX zGeorgetown,IL [Q0),"F ,  , [ zv" XVXcv"ExxonChemical C9%*,#G C VXX zHouston,TX [Q0*,#H ,  , [ zw" XVX}w"FreedomTextile C9%+,$I C VXX zCharlotte,NC [Q0+,$J ,  , [ zx" XVXx"Georgia-Pacific C9%, C VXX zAlbany,OR [Q0, ,  , [ zy" XVXy"Georgia-Pacific C9%, C VXX zColumbus,OH [Q0, ,  , [ zz" XVXz"Georgia-Pacific C9% , C VXX zConway,NC [Q0 , ,  , [ z{" XVX{"Georgia-Pacific C9% , C VXX zCrossett,AR [Q0 , ,  , [ z}" XVX|"Georgia-Pacific C9% ,  C VXX zElkGrove,CA [Q0 ,  ,  , [ z-~" XVX~"Georgia-Pacific C9% ,  C VXX zEugene,OR [Q0 ,  ,  , [ zG" XVX)"Georgia-Pacific C9% ,  C VXX zGrayling,MI [Q0 , ,  , [ z^" XVX@"Georgia-Pacific C9%, C VXX zLouisville,MS [Q0, ,  , [ zw" XVXY"Georgia-Pacific C9%, C VXX zLufkin,TX [Q0, ,  , [ z" XVXt"Georgia-Pacific C9%,  C VXX zPeachtreeCity,GA [Q0,  ,  , [ z" XVX"Georgia-Pacific C9%,  C VXX zPortWentworth,GA [Q0,  ,  , [ zȄ" XVX"Georgia-Pacific C9%,  C VXX zRussellville,SC [Q0,  ,  , [ z" XVXɅ"Georgia-Pacific C9%,  C VXX zTaylorsville,MS [Q0,  ,  , [ z" XVX"Georgia-Pacific C9%,  C VXX zUkiah,CA [Q0,  ,  , [ z!" XVX"Georgia-Pacific C9%, C VXX zVienna,GA [Q0, ,  , [ z7" XVX"Georgia-Pacific C9%, C VXX zVirginia,MN [Q0,  ,  , [ zN" XVX0"Georgia-Pacific C9%,! C VXX zWhiteCity,OR [Q0," ,  , [ zg" XVXI"HeresiteProtectiveCoatings C9%,# C VXX zManitowoc,WI [Q0,$ ,  , [ z" XVXq"Hickson C9%,% C VXX zDanville,VA [Q0,& ,  , [ z" XVX"HoechstCelanese C9%,' C VXX zMountHolly,NC [Q0,( ,  , [ z" XVX"InsulatingMaterials C9%,) C VXX zSchenectady,NY [Q0,* ,  , [ z܏" XVX"InternationalPaper C9%,+ C VXX zHampton,SC [Q0,, ,  , [ z" XVXސ"IVAXIndustries C9%,- C VXX zRockHill,SC [Q0,. ,  , [ z" XVX"LawterInternational C9%,/ C VXX zMoundville,AL [Q0,0 ,  , [ z3" XVX"NationalStarch C9%,1 C VXX zSalisbury,NC [Q0,2 ,  , [ zN" XVX0"Neste C9% ,3 C VXX zAndalusia,AL [Q0 ,4 ,  , [ z^" XVX@"Neste C9%!,5 C VXX zMoncure,NC [Q0!,6 ,  , [ zn" XVXP"Neste C9%",7 C VXX zNorthWinnfield,LA [Q0",8 ,  , [ z|" XVX^"Neste C9%#,9 C VXX zSpokane,WA [Q0#,: ,  , [ z" XVXt"Neste C9%$,; C VXX zSpringfield,OR [Q0$,< ,  , [ z" XVX"Neste C9%%,= C VXX zToledo,OH [Q0%,> ,  , [ z" XVX"NMAdhesives C9%&,? C VXX zLasVegas,NM [Q0&,@ ,  , [ zƛ" XVX"Occidental C9%', A C VXX zNiagaraFalls,NY [Q0', B ,  , [ zۜ" XVX"Occidental C9%(,!C C VXX zNorthTonawanda,NY [Q0(,!D ,  , [ z" XVX֝"Occidental C9%),"E C VXX zSouthKenton,OH [Q0),"F ,  , [ z" XVX"Perstorp C9%*,#G C VXX zFlorence,MA [Q0*,#H ,  , [ z%" XVX"Pioneer C9%+,$I C VXX zFlorence,ME [Q0+,$J ,  , [ z6" XVX"PlasticsEngineering C9%, C VXX zSheboygan,WI [Q0, ,  , [ zT" XVX6"PMCSpecialties C9%, C VXX zFords,NJ [Q0, ,  , [ zn" XVXP"P.D.George C9% , C VXX zSt.Louis,MO [Q0 , ,  , [ z" XVXb"Ranbar C9% , C VXX zManor,PA [Q0 , ,  , [ z" XVXs"Reichold C9% ,  C VXX zNewark,NJ [Q0 ,  ,  , [ z" XVX"Rhone-Polenc C9% ,  C VXX zLouisville,KY [Q0 ,  ,  , [ z" XVX"Schenectady C9% ,  C VXX zRotterdamJunction,NY [Q0 , ,  , [ z˨" XVX"Schenectady C9%, C VXX zSchenectady,NY [Q0, ,  , [ z" XVX̩"Sequa C9%, C VXX zChester,SC [Q0, ,  , [ z" XVXު"SimpsonTimber C9%,  C VXX zPortland,OR [Q0,  ,  , [ z" XVX"Solutia C9%,  C VXX zAddyston,OH [Q0,  ,  , [ z$" XVX"Solutia C9%,  C VXX zSpringfield,MA [Q0,  ,  , [ z5" XVX"SoutheasternAdhesives C9%,  C VXX zLenoir,NC [Q0,  ,  , [ zX" XVX:"SoutheasternAdhesives C9%,  C VXX zRidgeway,VA [Q0,  ,  , [ zv" XVXX"SpauldingComposites C9%, C VXX zDekalb,IL [Q0, ,  , [ z" XVXv"SpurlockAdhesives C9%, C VXX zEastWaverly,VA [Q0,  ,  , [ z" XVX"Stuart-Ironsides,Inc. C9%,! C VXX zChicago,IL [Q0," ,  , [ zҳ" XVX"SunCoast C9%,# C VXX zDallas,TX [Q0,$ ,  , [ z" XVXƴ"SybronChemicals C9%,% C VXX zBirmingham,NJ [Q0,& ,  , [ z" XVX޵"Synthron,Inc. C9%,' C VXX zMorganton,NC [Q0,( ,  , [ z" XVX"ValentineSugars C9%,) C VXX zLockport,LA@64,* , c  @ z1" XVX"  X* 1֜Ingeneral,aminoresinsuseurea(NH2CONH2),aureaderivative,  ormelamine(C3N3(NH2)3)toformmethylolmonomerunits,whichare @ subsequentlycondensedtoformapolymer.0  Aminoresinmeansaresinproducedthroughthereactionof `  formaldehyde,oraformaldehydecontainingsolution(e.g.,aqueousformaldehyde),withcompound(s)thatcontaintheaminogroup;thesecompoundsincludemelamine,urea,andureaderivatives. (#(# Phenolicresinsareformedbyreactingphenol(C6H11OH)with `  Мformaldehyde./0   XTXXXTPhenolicresinmeansaresinthatisacondensationproduct 0  offormaldehydeandphenol,oraformaldehydesubstituteand/oraphenolsubstitute.Substitutesforformaldehydeincludeacetaldehydeorfurfuraldehyde.Substitutesforphenolincludeotherphenolicstartingcompoundssuchascresol,xylenols,ptertbutylphenol,pphenylphenol,andnonylphenol.#XTXX XTԻ#XSXXXT0(#(#   Bothphenolicandaminoresinsareproducedinprocessesthatareverysimilartooneanother.Jacketedsteelorstainlesssteelreactionvesselsequippedwithanagitatorandacondenseraregenerallyused.̜3.2  AMINORESINSPRODUCTION l    Theoverallreactionforaminoresinsformationissimilartothatforphenolformaldehyderesolformation.2Thefirststep l!$ istheadditionofformaldehydetotheaminocompoundandisknownasmethylationorhydroxymethylation.Thisstepisshownfortheureaformaldehydeprocessinthefollowingreaction:̜ym_C3/j| -+ p@E'xx'xyym{C3/j| -+ p@Exxxy \+&0 ЇThisstepisusuallycatalyzedbyabasecompoundsincethecompoundsaremorestableunderalkalineconditions.2 X   Thesecondstepisknownascondensation,methylenebridgeformation,polymerization,orsimplycure.Duringcondensation,waterisremovedfromthemonomerunits.Aminounitsarethenjoinedwiththemethylenelinks.Thereactionprocessfortheureaformaldehydeprocessisasfollows:m(09)%`|0v>c `Ec c 2 m (#(# #XTXXXSה#XSXXXT This (# (#step  (# (#is (# (#cata  (# (#lyze (# (#dby  (# (#acid (# (#s  (# (#and (# (#ofte  (# (#nby (# (#heat (#(# (# (#.2#XTXXXS#XSXXXTԀ % !(   Theprocessesthatproduceureaormelamineformaldehyderesinsareverysimilar.Oftenthesameequipmentisusedtoproducebothmelamineandureaformaldehyderesins.Thissectionwilldiscussageneralaminoresinsprocessproductionprocess.#XTXXXS#XSXXXT p,'0   Aminoresinsaremanufacturedinasimplebatchprocess.Theinitialproductisaconcentratedsyrupwhichisthensoldorfurtherprocessedintosolids.Figure31isaschematicrepresentationofthebatchprocess.  Aqueousformaldehydesolution(usually37%or50%)isdrawnfromstorageandfedtoaresinreactor(typically2,000to10,000gallons).Aminocompounds,catalysts,andadditivesareϜaddedandmixed.8󛀜Anadditiveusedinlargequantitiesfor H  melamineresinsismethanol,whichhelpsstabilizethecompound.2 @  Thereactorisagitatedcontinuouslyandthemixtureisheatedtothedesiredtemperaturebysteaminthereactorjacket.TheϜprogressofthereactionismeasuredperiodicallybysamplingforviscosity.Whenthedesiredviscosityhasbeenreached,thebatchiscooledinthereactorandthesyrupisconcentratedbyevaporationofwaterwithavacuum.ThepHisadjustedandthesyrupispumpedthroughafilterandintoasyrupstoragetank.  Thesyrupisthenstoredforsale,concentratedfurther,orprocessedintoapowder.Solidpowderisproducedinatwostepprocessandcanconsistofeitheranunfilledpowderwhichismanufacturedbyspraydrying,orafilledpowderinwhichasolid  ($x& m(&9)%`|0dK-( `@EAK-(K-({(m "(#"(#(#(# "(#"(# #XQXXX5#X5XXXQissaturatedwithsyrup.Thepowderisthendriedand  pulverized.Thepowdercanbesoldasapowderoritcanbedeaeratedintogranules.7#XQXXX5#X5XXXQ p 3.3PHENOLICRESINSPRODUCTION  Phenolicresinsarecondensationproductsofformaldehydeandphenol.2,3,4Besidesformaldehyde,acetaldehydeor `  furfuraldehydeissometimesusedbutinmuchsmallerquantities.Inadditiontophenol,otherphenolicstartingcompoundsincludealkylsubstitutedphenols,suchascresols,xylenols,ptertbutylphenol,pphenylphenol,andnonylphenol.3    Resolsandnovolaksaretwotypesofphenolicresinsproduced.2,3,4Resolsareproducedinaonestepprocesseitheras P           anaqueoussyrup(liquidresole)orasavarnish(solidresoledissolvedinanalcoholororganicsolvent).Novolaksareproducedinatwostepprocesstoformmoldingpowders.2 @ 3.3.1ResolsProcessDescription     Intheproductionofresoleresins,amoleratioof1to3,formaldehydetophenolrespectively,isgenerallyusedwithabasiccatalystsuchassodium,barium,calciumhydroxide,sodiumcarbonate,oranorganicamine.3,4Theconventionalmechanismof P(#&  polymerizationisshowninthefollowingreactions: 0*%(  (#(#                  (#(#{()/E51r|1j ` @Ez/9{߰ {()E51r|1j ` @Ez/9{DependingontheextentofthepolymerizationandtheϜfunctionality,whichisthetotalnumberofunsubstitutedpositionsonthebenzeneringthatarespecifictotheϜapplication,intendedforthematerial,thematerialscanbehighinmolecularweightandviscosity.  Resolsresinproductionisconductedinabatchprocessreactor.Figure32showsadiagramforatypicalbatchprocessforresolsandnovolaks.2Theprocessforresolswillproduce $" eitherliquidorsolidresols.Liquidresols(aqueoussyrup)canbeproducedinlargecapacityreactorsbecausetheirviscositiescanbecontrolledandtheydonothavetobedischargedasrapidlyassolidresols. ,`'*  #(##(#(#(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# (#(##(##(#  m(89)%`|0' `EMx'x'I:(m  ,`'* М#XQXXX5#X5XXXQ  Solidresolsgenerallyrequirearelativelysmallreactor  (10cubicmeters)tomaintainthermalstablityandtoallowrapiddischargesinceneartheendofthereactiontheviscosityincreasesrapidly.Anagitatorisusedtopreventlocalgelation#XQXXX5#X5XXXQandtoprovidepowertocirculatetheviscousfluids.3Abatch 0  cyclenormallytakeseighthours.  Rawmaterialsintheproductionofresolesaremoltenphenol,formaldehyde(37or50percentaqueoussolution),andanorganicsolvent.Moltenphenolwhichisfedthroughaweightankandthedesiredbasiccatalyst,suchassodiumhydroxide,arechargedfirsttothereactor.Nextthe37%or50%aqueousformaldehydeisfedthroughaweightankandaddedtothereactorataratetomaintainatemperatureof60to70$C(140to158$F). 0 Thedesiredreactiontemperature,approximately80to100$C(176 ` to212$F),isachievedbyheatingthemixtureinareaction @ vesselthathasaninternalcoilorexternal,temperaturecontrolledjacket.Inaddition,agitationandavacuumrefluxareusedtomaintainthedesiredtemperature.Thetemperatureismaintainedfor1to3hours.Thereactionismonitoredatshortintervalsbymeasuringtheviscosityofasamplefromthereactor.Whenthedesiredendpointisreached,thereactionmixtureisneutralizedwithanacidsuchasacetic,formic, ,`'* sulfuric,orphosphoricacid.Evaporationofthewater(distillation)isperformedinthereactorunderavacuumuntilthedesiredsyrupconcentrationisachieved.Thereactioncontentsarethencooledasrapidlyaspossiblebydischargingthemtocooledengineeredsurfaces,suchasaircooledfloors,movingbelts,ortraysinracks.Theaqueoussyrupisthenfilteredandstored,usuallyinarefrigeratorforfutureuse.  Afterthedistillationstepiscompleted,asolvent,suchasmethanol,isaddedtothesolidresoleandtheproductisrecoveredasavarnishsolution.ThevarnishsolutionisthenϜstoredforfutureuse.Ineitherliquidorsolidresoles,additivesandmodifiersmaybeintroducedduringdifferentstepsoftheprocess.̜3.3.2NovolaksProduction `   Intheproductionofnovolakresins,amoleratioofformaldehydetophenolisnormallybetween0.70and0.85.3,4   Oxalicacidisnormallythecatalystusedintheprocess;however,acidcatalystssuchashydrochloricacid,sulfuricacid,sulfonicacid,ptolueneandphosphoricacidaresometimesused.3 p&!$ Whenanacidcatalystisused,phenolandformaldehydereactbywayofelectrophilicsubstitution.Thegeneralmechanismforpolymerizationisgiveninthefollowingreactions.3,4 ,`'* Мs(<?/+b|1l; `4 @E  E sߛ (#(#                (#(#  Forthebatchprocessofnovolakresinproduction,atwostepprocessisgenerallyused.Figure32showsadiagramforatypicalbatchprocess.2,3,4 p   Phenol,whichisstoredinalloyedsteeltanksatapproximately60$C(140$F),isweighedandtransferredtothe 0 reactorwhereitisheatedto95$C(203$F).Theacidiccatalyst, ` whichisusuallyoxalicacid,isthenaddedtothereactor.Aftertheacidiccatalysthasbeenadded,anaqueousformaldehydeϜsolutionisstirredintothereactor.Thesolutionisstirredataratedesignedtomaintainagentleboilingofthemixture.Thetemperatureofthemixtureismaintaineduntilthereactionhasexhaustedthesupplyofformaldehyde.Waterandunreactedphenolareremovedfromthereactionmixturebyheatinganexternalheatingjackettoapproximately132$(270$F)atatmospheric ,`'* pressure.Thereactionmixtureisheatedfurtherto160$C  (320$F).Byusingavacuumandinjectinglivesteamintothe  reactionmixture,theresidualvolatilesareremovedfromtheresin.Whenthedesiredmeltingpointisachieved,theresinisfedtoaheatedvessel.Itisthenflakedontoacontinuouscoolingbelt.Toformapowderresin,theflakeisfedtoagrinder.Insomecases,thepowderresinisblendedwithadditivesinaribbonblenderandthensenttoapelletizerforfurtherprocessing.3.4  EMISSIONS    Thepotentialemissionpointsforamino/phenolicresinsarethesame.Potentialemissionpointsincludethefollowing:Ϝreactorbatchprocessvents,nonreactorbatchprocessvents,continuousprocessvents,equipmentleaks,wastewater,andstoragevessels.̜3.4.1ReactorBatchProcessVentEmissions     Themanufactureofamino/phenolicresinstakesplaceinasinglebatchreactor.Emissionsassociatedwiththebatchreactorincludecharging,cookingorreflux,anddistillation.TheprimaryHAPemittedfrombatchreactorprocessventsareformaldehyde,methanol,andphenol.TheseHAPcanpotentiallybeemittedduringeachoftheaboveevents. ,`'*   Duringtheinitialchargingphaseofatypicalbatch,ahighlyexothermicreactiontakesplacewhichproducesthehighestϜemissions.Duringthecookingphase,thereactorisoperatedinrefluxwithvaporsbeingcondensedandreturnedtothereactor.Veryfewemissionsoccurduringthisphase.Finally,emissionscanoccurduringthedistillationphasewhenavacuumispulledonthereactorandexcesswaterisevaporatedfromtheproduct.3.4.2NonreactorBatchProcessVentEmissions   Л  Potentialemissionscanalsooccurfromavarietyofequipmentlocatedatthefacilityincluding,butisnotlimitedto,mixtanks,flakers,andfilters.TheprimaryHAPemittedfrombatchnonreactorprocessventsareformaldehyde,methanol,phenol,andxylene.3.4.3ContinuousProcessVentEmissions `   Potentialemissionscanoccurfromspraydryingoperations.Spraydryingoperationsincludebeltdryers,continuousdrumdryers,andcontinuousscreendryersthatareventedtotheatmosphere.8 $" 3.4.4EquipmentLeakEmissions p&!$   Equipmentleakemissionsoccurwhilevalves,pumps,flanges,andotherequipmentareinHAPservice.Theamountofemissionsemittedfromthesecomponentsdependonthenumberofleaking ,`'* components,thetypeofservice(i.e.,gas/vapor,lightliquid,orheavyliquid),thepercentofHAPcontainedintheprocessfluidcontactingthecomponents,andtheamountoftimethecomponentsremainsincontactwiththeprocessfluid.ThetypeofHAPemitteddependsontheprocessfluidincontactwiththecomponent.TypicalHAPemittedareformaldehyde,phenol,methanol,andotherchemicalsthatarechargedtothereactor.HAPemissionsoccurfromthesecomponentsonlywhentheyareincontactwiththeprocessfluidandthereisaleak.Facilitiesmayflushtheirprocesslinessothatsomeofthecomponentsarenolongerincontactwithprocessfluids.Duringthoseperiodsoftime,therewouldbenopotentialemissionsfromthecomponents.3.4.5WastewaterEmissions `   HAPemissionsfromwastewatercanoccurwhentheresinisdistilledtoremoveexcesswaterandduringreactorcleaning.InϜaddition,wastewatercanresultfromtheuseofscrubbers;severalfacilitiesusescrubbersascontroldevices.TheprimaryHAPemittedfromwastewateratamino/phenolicresinfacilities areformaldehydeandmethanol. P(#& &     3.4.6StorageVesselEmissions    HAPemissionsfromstoragevesselsoccurwhenmaterialisaddedtothestoragevessel(loadingemissions),whichdisplaces'xHAPcontainingairfromthevessel.Emissionsfromstoragevesselsalsooccurastheresultofbreathing(orstanding)losses,whichareemissionsfromthetankthatoccurwhenthereisnodisplacementofvapor(i.e.,nofillingoremptyingofthestoragevessel).TheamountofHAPemissionsthatoccurfromstoragevesselsdependsonthetypeoforganicliquidinthestoragevessel,thetypeofstoragevessel(e.g.,fixedrooftank,floatingrooftank),themethodsusedtofillandemptythetank,andthenumberofturnoversperyear.TheprimaryHAPemittedfromstoragevesselsatamino/phenolicresinfacilitiesareformaldehyde,methanol,phenol,toluene,andxylene.  ` 3.5  REFERENCES  М1.  U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.OfficeofAirQuality  PlanningandStandards.InformationCollectionRequestfromtheAminoandPhenolicResinsIndustry,19922.  PolymerIndustryRankingbyVOCEmissionsReductionThat P  WouldOccurFromNewSourcePerformanceStandards,C.N.ClickandD.K.Webber,PullmanKelloggHouston,TX,1979.3.  PhenolicResins,KirkOthmerEncyclopediaofChemical `  Technology,3rdEdition,Vol.17.4.  PhenolicResinsChemistryApplicationsandPerformance. 0  AndreKnop,LouisA.Pilato,SpringerVerlay,1985.5.  1991DirectoryofChemicalProducers.UnitedStatesof  America.MenloPark,California,ChemicalInformationServices,StanfordResearchInstitute,1991.6.  HawleysCondensedChemicalDictionary,11thEdition, p RevisedbyB.IrvingSaxandRichardLewis,Sr.,VanNostrandReinholdCompany,NewYork,1987.̜7.  UreaFormaldehydeResins,PerterD.Wallace,Borden,Inc., 0 PresentedatTechnicalAssociationofPulp&PaperIndustry(TAPPI),October1983.̜8.  Wilkins,G.E.IndustrialProcessProfilesforEnvironmental @ Use.Chapter10PlasticsandResinsIndustry.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Cincinnati,OH.EPA600/277023j.February1977.#XQXXX5#  ! X5XXXQFRӛ75XXdXXd7@*#XQXXX5 #ԈX5XXXQWF@l l 4  .0SELECTIONOFSOURCECATEGORY { Ԉ    TheaminoresinsproductionandphenolicresinsproductionsourcecategoriesarelistedinthesourcecategorylistpublishedonJuly16,1992(57FR3156).AsnotedinChapter2,thesetwosourcecategoriesarebeingcombinedintoasinglesourcecategoryforthepurposesofthisrulemaking.Thisactionisbeingtakenduetosimilaritiesinprocessoperations,emissionscharacteristics,andcontroldeviceapplicability.  AsdescribedindetailinChapter3,theaminoresinsmanufacturingprocessandthephenolicresinsmanufacturingprocessareverysimilar.Atmanyfacilities,thesameprocessequipmentisusedtoproducebothaminoandphenolicresins.Forsuchfacilities,complyingwithtwodifferentsetsofstandardswouldbedifficult,ifnotimpossible.Inaddition,theemissionpointsforfacilitiesmanufacturingaminoandphenolicresinsarethesame(reactorandnonreactorprocessvents,dryervents,storagevessels,wastewater,andequipmentleaks)andtheresultingemissioncharacteristicsareverysimilar.Lastly,aminoandphenolicmanufacturingfacilitiesusethesametypesofcontroldevicestocontrolHAPemissionsfromcorrespondingemissionpoints;thatis,therearenosignificantdifferencesin ,`'* thetypesofcontroltechnologiesapplicabletocontrollingemissionsfromaminoandphenolicresinsmanufacturingprocesses.CommonHAPcontroltechnologiesareapplicabletoallproductionoperationsatallofthefacilities.  Anotherconsiderationintreatingaminoandphenolicresinfacilitiesunderasinglesetofstandardsisthecostinvolvedindevelopingthestandardsandincomplyingwiththestandards.FortheEPA,itismoreefficientandlesscostlytodevelopasinglestandardthantodevelopseparatestandardsformultiplesourcecategoriesthathavesimilaremissioncharacteristicsandapplicablecontroltechnologies.AsinglesetofstandardswillensurethatprocessequipmentwithcomparableHAPemissionsandcontroltechnologiesaresubjecttoconsistentemissioncontrolrequirements.Inaddition,complianceandenforcementactivitieswouldbemoreefficientandlesscostly.  Insummary,theinformationobtainedduringtheinformationgatheringphaseoftheprojectdemonstratedthatthemanufacturingprocesses,emissioncharacteristics,andapplicablecontroltechnologiesforfacilitiesinthesetwosourcecategoriesaresimilar.Basedonthesefactors,theEPAconcludedthatthesetwosourcecategoriesaretobetreatedasasinglesourcecategoryforpurposesofthisrulemaking.For ,`'* purposesoftheproposedrule,thetermamino/phenolicresin,andsimilarterms,willbeusedtoindicatethatthetwosourcecategoriesofaminoresinsandphenolicresinshavebeentreatedasasinglesourcecategoryforpurposesofdevelopingthisrule.  AsshowninTable31,atotalof99facilitieswereidentifiedasbeingintheamino/phenolicresinsourcecategory.Informationgatheredduringthedevelopmentoftheproposedruleindicatedthatmanyofthesefacilitiesareareasourcesorsyntheticareasources.Oftheidentifiedfacilities,40areconsideredmajorsources(see MajorsourcepopulationofaminoandphenolicresinfacilitiesforpurposesofMACTanalysis,DocketItemIIB10,fortheproceduresusedtodeterminemajorsourcesX D%  1      כ).Theproposedruleappliesonlytomajorsources.#XQXXX5: #  0 X5XXXQJW75XXdXXd7ћ@5  .0BASELINEEMISSIONS Ԉ    BaselineorganicHAPemissionsforthesixemissionpointsfortheAmino/PhenolicResinsIndustryarepresentedin&  Table51'pv.Asshowninthetable,thetotalnationwideestimatedorganicHAPemissionsareover644megagramsperyear(Mg/yr)forthe40majorexistingsources.  #XQXXX55#ZXQXXXQ `    ]'Table51.BASELINEORGANICHAPEMISSIONSBYEMISSIONPOINTFORMAJOREXISTINGSOURCES  *fY ` ddd 2 3(#(#f, dd ,A dd +  "  "EmissionPoint 7-$t" 7Emissions(Mg/yr) 7-d" 7ReactorBatchProcessVents ZP Li@202.4Li@Z202.4 ZPB" Li@202.4 Li@ ZNonreactorBatchProcessVents ZPL @[@109.0@[@Z109.0 ZPB \" @[@109.0 @[@ ZContinuousProcessVents ZPp ]@116.4]@Z116.4 ZPB" ]@116.4 ]@ ZStorageVessels YOD YP@65.4YP@Y65.4 YOAD" YP@65.4 YP@ YWastewater XNx ffffff@6.1ffffff@X6.1 XN@x" ffffff@6.1 ffffff@ XEquipmentLeaks#XQXXZXQk#X5XXXQ ZPL  33333b@144.633333b@ZМ144.6 ZPBL!" 33333b@144.6 33333b@ ZTotal ZP!" 33333@643.933333@ZМ643.9RHF!#" 33333@643.9  33333@ R7#XQXXX5"#ZXQXXXQ  $  TheorganicHAPemittedincludeformaldehyde,methanol,phenol,xylene,andtoluene.ThequantityofemissionsforeachindividualorganicHAPwasnotdetermined;however,formaldehyde, methanol,andphenolareestimatedtocomprisethelargest  *p%+ ]''^J  ]''^J  quantityofemissions.ThepredominantorganicHAPemittedby]''^J  eachemissionpointareidentifiedinTable52.   TABLE52.PREDOMINANTHAPEMITTEDBYEMISSIONPOINT#XQXXZXQ$#X5XXXQ `   '  *fV ad d dd A dd Y `(#(#f,<dd ,<dd +   @  'Ӝ#XQXXX5'#EmissionPoint %  %  HAPEmitted .$    .ReactorBatchProcessVents %( x  %formaldehyde,methanol,phenol %( x  %NonreactorBatchProcessVents %  %formaldehyde,methanol,phenol,xylene %  %(ContinuousProcessVents % p  %formaldehyde,methanol % p  %StorageVessels %  %formaldehyde,phenol,methanol,toluene,xylene % %Wastewater %h %formaldehyde,methanol %h %EquipmentLeaks % %formaldehyde,methanol,phenol&   &    AsdescribedinChapter3,organicHAPareemittedfromreactorbatchprocessvents,nonreactorbatchprocessvents,continuousprocessvents,storagevessels,wastewater,andequipmentleaks.Reactorbatchprocessventscomprisethelargestportionoftheseemissions(over31%),followedbyequipmentleaks,continuousprocessvents,andnonreactorbatchprocessvents.  Emissionestimatesweremadeforeachofthe40majorsourcesinactiveoperation.Emissionsforreactorbatchprocessvents,nonreactorbatchprocessvents,continuousprocessvents, |*%, storagevessels,andwastewaterwerebasedoninformationsubmittedbyeachfacility.Formostoftheseemissionpoints,theemissionsreportedbythefacilitywereused.However,forsomeofthefacilities,emissionshadtobeestimated.Forexample,foranumberoffacilities,reactorandnonreactorbatchprocessventsemissionswereestimatedusinganaverageemissionfactor,whichwasderivedfrominformationprovidedbytheotherfacilities,andtheproductioncapacityreportedbythefacility.  Insomeinstances,theemissionsprovidedforwastewaterwasnotusedbecauseitcontainedemissionsfromsewers,whichwerenotconsideredpartofwastewaterundertheproposedrule.  Forequipmentleaks,baselineemissionswereestimatedusingequipmentcomponentcounts,typeofservice(i.e.,gas/vapor,lightliquid,heavyliquid),thepercentHAPincontactwiththecomponent,thetimeinHAPservice,anduncontrolledorcontrolledemissionfactors,asappropriate,foreachcomponenttypeandservice.Manyfacilitiesprovidedequipmentcomponentcounts.Forthosefacilitiesthatdidnotprovidespecificcomponentcounts,equipmentcomponentcountswereestimatedusinginformationonthenumberandtype(i.e.,lightliquidorheavyliquid)ofstoragevesselsandcomponentcountfactors(e.g., ,`'* numberofvalvesinlightliquidserviceperlightliquidstoragevessel).Typeofservicewasbasedonthefacilitysidentificationofwhetherornotthecomponentwasingas/vapor,lightliquid,orheavyliquidservice.Wherethisinformationwasnotavailable,thetypeofservicewasbasedonthecompoundsbeingused.Forexample,unlessotherwiseindicated,thecompositionofformalinwasassumedtobe37%formaldehydeand7%methanolcomponent,whichisacommonformulationforformalin.Thisassumptionmakesformalinaheavyliquid.  IffacilitiesdidnotprovidespecificinformationonthepercentHAPincontactwiththecomponentsorthetimeincontact,thendefaultvaluesof100%HAP(exceptforformalin)and8,760hoursperyearwereusedtoestimateemissions.Forformalin,thedefaultvaluewas44%HAP(37%formaldehydeand7%methanol).  Theuncontrolledemissionfactorswerelargelybasedon ProtocolforEquipmentLeakEmissionEstimates,EPA453/R93026,June1993.Controlledemissionfactorswereusedtoreflecttheapplicationofaleakdetectionandrepairprogrambasedon 40CFRpart60,subpartVV. P(#&   Thespecificcalculationmadetoestimatebaselineemissionsforthesixemissionpointscanbefoundinthefollowingmemoranda:   S  Sm9"0 `   ݜBatchProcessVentsAnalysisforAmino/PhenolicResins P  NESHAP,DocketItemIIB12.Sm99݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    S  Sh:"0 `   ContinuousProcessVentsAnalysisforAmino/Phenolic `  ResinsNESHAP,DocketItemIIB15.Sh::݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    S  Sf;"0 `   StorageVesselsAnalysisforAmino/PhenolicResins   NESHAP,DocketItemIIB13.Sf;;݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    S  S[<"0 `   WastewaterAnalysisforAmino/PhenolicResinsNESHAP,  DocketItemIIB14.S[<v<݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    S  SK="0 `   EquipmentLeakAnalysisforAmino/PhenolicResins P NESHAP,DocketItemIIB11.SK=f=݌ 0` (#` (# Ќ  ^75XXdXXd7@   6.0MACTFLOORSANDREGULATORYALTERNATIVES >ԛ    Thischapterpresentstheapproachusedtodeterminemaximumachievablecontroltechnology(MACT)floorsandregulatoryalternativesbeyondtheMACTfloorfortheamino/phenolicresinproductionsourcecategory.The1990CleanAirAct(Act)requirementsforthedeterminationofMACTfloorsarediscussedin6.1.ThegeneralapproachusedtodeterminetheMACTfloorsandregulatoryalternativesbeyondtheMACTfloorfortheamino/phenolicresinsourcecategoryisdiscussedin6.2.TheMACTfloors,regulatoryalternativesbeyondtheMACTfloor,andselectedstandardsarepresentedbyemissionpointin6.3through6.10.  6.1CLEANAIRACTREQUIREMENTS A  TheCleanAirActasamendedin1990requiresEPAtopromulgateemissionstandardstoreflectthemaximumdegreeofreductioninemissionsofHAPthatEPAdeterminesisachievableforneworexistingsources.ThiscontrollevelisreferredtoasMACT.TheActalsostateshowtodeterminetheleaststringentlevelallowedforaMACTstandard;thislevelhascometobeknownasthe"MACTfloor."ConsiderationofcontrollevelsmorestringentthantheMACTfloormustreflectconsiderationofthecostofachievingtheemissionreduction,andanynonair ,`'* quality,health,andenvironmentalimpacts,andenergyrequirements.  Fornewsources,thestandardsforasourcecategoryorsubcategory"shallnotbelessstringentthantheemissioncontrolthatisachievedinpracticebythebestcontrolledsimilarsource,asdeterminedbytheAdministrator"[section112(d)(3)].Existingsourcestandardsmustbenolessstringentthantheaverageemissionlimitationachievedbythebestperforming12percentoftheexistingsources(forwhichEPAhasemissionsinformation)forsourcecategoriesandsubcategorieswith30ormoresourcesortheaverageemissionlimitationachievedbythebestperforming5sources(forwhichEPAhasemissionsinformation)forsourcecategoriesorsubcategorieswithfewerthan30sources[section112(d)(3)oftheAct].ThesetwominimumlevelsofcontroldefinetheMACTfloorfornewandexistingsources.  TwointerpretationswerepreviouslyevaluatedbytheEPAforrepresentingtheMACTfloorforexistingsources.OneinterpretationisthattheMACTfloorisrepresentedbytheworstperformingfacilityofthebest12percentofperformingsources.ThesecondinterpretationisthattheMACTfloorisrepresentedbythe"averageemissionlimitationachieved"bythebest ,`'* performingsources,wherethe"average"isbasedonameasureofcentraltendency,suchasthearithmeticmean,median,ormode.Thislatterinterpretationisreferredtoasthe"higherfloorinterpretation."InaJune6,1994FederalRegisternotice(59 P  FR29196),theEPApresenteditsinterpretationofthestatutorylanguageconcerningtheMACTfloorforexistingsources.Basedonareviewofthestatute,legislativehistory,andpubliccomments,theEPAbelievesthatthe"higherfloorinterpretation"isabetterreadingofthestatutorylanguage.ThedeterminationoftheMACTfloorforexistingsourcesundertheproposedrulefollowedthe"higherfloorinterpretation."&  6.2  GENERALAPPROACHFORMACTFLOORSANDREGULATORYALTERNATIVES P BEYONDTHEMACTFLOOR    Thereare40facilitiesthataremajorsourcesinthe'PLamino/phenolicresinsproductionsourcecategory.MACTfloorsweredeterminedseparatelyforeachemissionpoint.Forexistingsources,theCleanAirActrequirestheMACTfloortobesetbytheaverageofthebestperforming12percentofexistingsources;5sources(40sourcesx0.12=5sources)representthebestperforming12percent.Therefore,aseparateMACTfloorwasdeterminedforeachemissionpointandthe bestperforming5sourcesforeachemissionpointcouldbedifferent.Fornew ,`'* sources,theMACTfloorissetbythebestcontrolledexistingsource.Thebestcontrolledsourcemaydifferforeachemissionpoint.Forbothexistingandnewsources,regulatoryalternativesbeyondtheMACTFloorwereinvestigated.RegulatoryalternativesbeyondtheMACTfloorwereincorporatedintotheproposalasappropriateafterconsiderationofcostandanynonairquality,health,andenvironmentalimpacts,andenergyrequirements.Table61providesthenewandexistingMACTfloors,regulatoryalternativesbeyondtheMACTfloorconsidered,andselectedstandardsforeachofthefollowingemissionpoints:storagevessels,continuousprocessvents,reactorbatchprocessvents,nonreactorbatchprocessvents,heatexchangesystems,wastewater,andequipmentleaks.ZXQXXXQ 0 #XQXXZXQ-R#   @  LTRP '3 Letter Landscape3' '3 Letter Landscape3'T|ZXQXXXQԛ*fi Xdd<dd <dd V a..f,dd",dd",dd",dd",dd",dd",dd"+  2 ! X 2МZXZXQ#Z[T#'Emission d Point L ?0,"7  LMACTFloor > 1"d"  >RegulatoryAlternativesConsidered A 4"L "  ASelectedStandard O+>'d"    O 5 $D + 5Existing ; * P"  ;New ; * P "  ;Existing ; * P "  ;New ; * P "  ;Existing > - P "  >New 3)$ P "    3StorageVessels % < %М#'V#ZAqueous   formaldehydevessels10,000  < Мgallonscapacitywithvaporpressure0.47psia; \  Л̜Nonaqueousformaldehydevessels10,160 , Мgallonscapacitywithvaporpressure2.45psia;and L" 90,000gallons # capacitywithvaporpressure0.45psia; l& ЛControllevelof50% @  @  @  @  @  @  @  @ #ZY#' %4* %М#'?\#ZAqueous  + formaldehydevessels10,000  <- МgallonscapacitywithvaporpressureϜ0.47psia; \ 1 Controllevelof50%̛̜Nonaqueousformaldehydevessels10,160 ,8 МgallonscapacitywithvaporpressureϜ2.45psia;and L< 90,000gallons = capacitywithvaporpressureϜ0.45psia; l@ ЛControllevelof95%#Z\#'#X5X'U#'XX5ԛ %lC %None % D %None % E %М#'^##XQX^#XXQZAqueous  F formaldehydevessels10,000  <H gallonscapacitywithvaporpressure0.47psia; \ L Nonaqueousformaldehydevessels10,160 ,S gallonscapacitywithvaporpressure2.45psia;and LW 90,000gallons X capacitywithvaporpressure0.45psia; l[ Controllevelof50% @  @# #Z_#'#X5X'_#'XX5ԛ %4_ %М#'a##XQX4b#XXQZAqueous  ` formaldehydevessels10,000  <b gallonscapacitywithvaporpressure0.47psia; \ f Controllevelof50%Nonaqueousformaldehydevessels10,160 ,m gallonscapacitywithvaporpressure2.45psia;and Lq 90,000gallons r capacitywithvaporpressure0.45psia; lu Controllevelof95%#Zb#'#X5X'b#'XX5ԛ %lx %Continuous ProcessVents %  %Nocontrol % d %85%emissionreduction % , %HON % d %HON % d %Nocontrol % d  %85%controlforsomeventsandtheHONprovisionsforothervents#'d#'ԛ %$ %ReactorBatchProcessVents "8 "93%emissionreductionwithanalternativeemissionlimitof0.017ϜkilogramofHAPpermegagramofproduct  X  95%emissionreductionwithanalternativeemissionlimitof0.01kilogramofHAPpermegagramofproduct  X " 95%emissionreductionbasedoncombustion  ' Noneconsidered  H) 93%emissionreductionwithanalternativeemissionlimitof0.017kilogramofHAPpermegagramofproduct#'f#'#X5X'e#'XX5ԛ  X 1 95%emissionreductionwithanalternativeemissionlimitof0.01ϜkilogramofHAPpermegagramofproduct#'xi#'#X5X'i#'XX5ԛ %X 9 %NonReactorBatchProcessVents "$ "reduceoverallemissionsby68%foraffectedsourceswithuncontrolledemissionsfromthecollectionofnonreactorbatchprocessventsgreaterthanorequal to0.23Mg/yr  d  reduceoverallemissionsby83%foraffectedsourceswithuncontrolledemissionsfromthecollectionofnonreactorbatchprocessventsgreaterthanorequalto0.23Mg/yr  d  95%emissionreductionbasedoncombustion.  L% М#'j#'95%  d& emissionreductionbasedonϜcombustion.#'Nm#  L+ reduceoverallemissionsby68%foraffectedsourceswithuncontrolledemissionsfromthecollectionofnonreactorbatchprocessventsgreaterthanorequalto0.23Mg/yr  d 8 reduceoverallemissionsby83%foraffectedsourceswithuncontrolledemissionsfromthecollectionofnonreactorbatchprocessventsgreaterthanorequalto0.23Mg/yr %d E %Heatexchangesystems "P H "monitorforleaks   J monitorforleaks   L HON   M HON   N monitorforϜleaksaccordingtotheHONprovisions  x R МmonitorforleaksaccordingtotheHONprovisions#XQXj#XXQԛ %x V %Wastewater "tW "Nocontrol  tX Nocontrol  tY HON  tZ HON  t[ Nocontrol  t\ HON , t] ,EquipmentLeaks ) _  )Nocontrol ) 0`  )LDARprogramatSolutiasSpringfield,MAfacility(SOCMIVV) ) Pe  )(1)SOCMIVV(2)HONLDAR ) (i  )(1)HONLDAR' ) k  )М#'+s#HONLDAR'#X5X'p#'XX5 , 0l  ,М#'s#HONLDAR'#X5X's#'XX5&0m    &М#'\t##XQXt#XXQ  Hm TRY3' LetterP '3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT#XQX" L@30000 L@  dnNone p a+?" d  0dp0%  {J@"  0  d  @R@73@R@73  EA"  @R@73 @R@   @R@73d@R@73  }VB"  @R@73 , 4 @R@ d 4,d1tk Q B+b C d dQBorden Q B+b D" d dQFayetteville,NC K <+N* F" d Kmethanoldistillate m ^%N* H"  Gz?1.63dGz?m1.63  Mb I" Gz?1.63 Gz? d @20000d@20,000 t eNb J" @20000 @ d dtNone p a+b K" d  0dp0%  Jb L"  0  d  H@49dH@49  Kb M"  H@49 H@ d  H@49dH@49  }Vb N"  H@49 , 4 H@ d 4,d1tk Q B+F" O d dQBorden Q B+F" P" d dQFayetteville,NC Q B+ R" d dQaqueousformaldehyde s d+ T" d Gz?0.47dGz?s0.47  MF" U" Gz?0.47 Gz? d @10000d@10,000 t eNF" V" @10000 @ d dtScrubber r c+F" W" d ?0.5d?r50%  LF" X" ?0.5 ? d  @@33d@@33  KF" Y"  @@33 @@ d  0@16d0@16  }VF" Z"  0@16 , 4 0@ d 4,d8tks Q B+ [ d dQBorden Q B+ \" d dQLouisville,KY Q B+ ]" d dQaqueousformaldehyde s d+_" d Gz?0.47dGz?s0.47  M `" Gz?0.47 Gz? d @20000d@20,000 t eN a" @20000 @ d dtScrubber r c+ b" d ?0.5d?r50%  L c" ?0.5 ? d @704d@704  L d" @704 @ d v@352dv@352  ~W e" v@352 , 4 v@ d 4,d2tks Q B+f d dQBorden Q B+g" d dQLouisville,KY Q B+h" d dQdistillate s d+i" d Gz?1.63dGz?s1.63  Mj" Gz?1.63 Gz? d @20300d@20,300 t eNk" @20300 @ d dtNone p a+l" d  0dp0%  Jm"  0  d @695d@695  Ln" @695 @ d @695d@695  ~Wo" @695 , 4 @ d 4,d3tks Q B+p d dQBorden Q B+q" d dQLouisville,KY Q B+r" d dQphenol Q B+s" d dQ<0.01 t e+t" d @20300d@t20,300 t eNu" @20300 @ d dtNone p a+v" d  0dp0%  Jw"  0  d @@500d@@500  Lx" @@500 @@ d @@500d@@500  ~Wy" @@500 , 4 @@ d 4,d1tk Q B+z d dQBorden Q B+{" d dQLouisville,KY Q B+|" d dQethyleneglycol Q B+~Z~" d dQ<0.01 t e+" d @20000d@t20,000 t eN" @20000 @ d dtNone p a+" d  0dp0%  J"  0  d  ?1d?1  J"  ?1 ? d  ?1d?1  |U"  ?1 , 4 ? d 4,d1tk Q B+vR d dQBorden Q B+vR" d dQLouisville,KY Q B+vR" d dQtoluene s d+vR" d Q?0.71dQ?s0.71  MvR" Q?0.71 Q? d @4500d@4,500 s dMvR" @4500 @ d dsNone p a+vR" d  0dp0%  JvR"  0  d  ?1d?1  JvR"  ?1 ? d  ?1d?1  |UvR"  ?1 , 4 ? d 4,d1tk Q B+nJ d dQCytec Q B+nJ" d dQWallingford,CT Q B+nJ" d dQmethanoldistillate s d+6" d Gz?1.63dGz?s1.63  MnJ" Gz?1.63 Gz? d @20000d@20,000 t eNnJ" @20000 @ d dtNone p a+nJ" d  0dp0%  JnJ"  0  d J@2981dJ@2981  MnJ" J@2981 J@ d J@2981dJ@2981  XnJ" J@2981 , 4 J@ d 4,d1tk Q B+.  d dQCytec Q B+. " d dQWallingford,CT Q B+. " d dQmethanoldistillate s d+" d Gz?1.63dGz?s1.63  M. " Gz?1.63 Gz? d @11600d@11,600 t eN. " @11600 @ d dtNone p a+. " d  0dp0%  J. "  0  d b@2865db@2865  M. " b@2865 b@ d b@2865db@2865  X. " b@2865 , 4 b@ d 4,d1tk Q B+ d dQCytec Q B+" d dQWallingford,CT Q B+" d dQmethanoldistillate s d+" d Gz?1.63dGz?s1.63  M" Gz?1.63 Gz? d L@15000dL@15,000 t eN" L@15000 L@ d dtNone p a+" d  0dp0%  J"  0  d b@2865db@2865  M" b@2865 b@ d b@2865db@2865 X" b@2865 , 4 b@ d 4,d1tk T E+ ,d dT Cytec T E+ ," d dTWallingford,CT T E+ ," d dTmethanol v g+ ," d @2.45d@v2.45  M ," @2.45 @ d j@50000dj@50,000 w hN ," j@50000 j@ d dwScrubber v g+ ," d ffffff?0.95dffffff?v95%  M ," ffffff?0.95 ffffff? d @946d@946  L , " @946 @ d  G@47dG@47  }V , "  G@47 , 4 G@ d 4,d1tk Q B+ $  d dQCytec Q B+ $ " d dQWallingford,CT Q B+ $ " d dQmethanol s d+ $" d @2.45d@s2.45  M $" @2.45 @ d j@50000dj@50,000 t eN $" j@50000 j@ d dtScrubber s d+ $" d ffffff?0.95dffffff?s95%  M $" ffffff?0.95 ffffff? d @946d@946  L $" @946 @ d  G@47dG@47  }V $"  G@47 , 4 G@ d 4,d1tk Q B+z  d dQCytec Q B+z " d dQWallingford,CT Q B+z " d dQmethanolwash s d+z " d @2.45d@s2.45  Mz " @2.45 @ d @10159d@10,159 t eNz " @10159 @ d dtScrubber s d+z " d ffffff?0.95dffffff?s95%  Mz " ffffff?0.95 ffffff? d @625d@625  Lz " @625 @ d  ?@31d?@31  }Vz "  ?@31 , 4 ?@ d 4,d1tk S B+r  d dSCytec S B+r  " d dSWallingford,CT S B+r !" d dSrecoveredmethanol u d+:#" d @2.45d@u2.45  Mr $" @2.45 @ d @10000d@10,000 v eNr %" @10000 @ d dvNone r a+r &" d  0dr0%  Jr '"  0  d @600d@600  Lr (" @600 @ d @600d@600 ~Wr )" @600 , 4 @ d 4,d1tk T E+2*d dTCytec T E+2+" d dTWallingford,CT T E+2," d dTmethylformcel v g+2-" d ?0.45d?v0.45  M2." ?0.45 ? d @90000d@90,000 w hN2/" @90000 @ d dwScrubber v g+20" d ffffff?0.95dffffff?v95%  M21" ffffff?0.95 ffffff? d @|@452d@|@452  L22" @|@452 @|@ d  7@23d7@23  }V23"  7@23 , 4 7@ d 4,d1tk S B+*4 d dSCytec S B+*5" d dSWallingford,CT S B+*6" d dSmethanolwash u d+*7" d @2.45d@u2.45  M*8" @2.45 @ d @10159d@10,159 v eN*9" @10159 @ d dvScrubber u d+*:" d ffffff?0.95dffffff?u95%  M*;" ffffff?0.95 ffffff? d k@222dk@222  L*<" k@222 k@ d  &@11d&@11 }V*="  &@11 , 4 &@ d 4,d1tk T E+">d dTCytec T E+"?" d dTWallingford,CT T E+"@" d dTxylene T E+"A" d dT<1.5 w h+"B" d L@15000dL@w15,000 w hN"C" L@15000 L@ d dwNone s d+"D" d  0ds0%  J"E"  0  d  Q@70dQ@70  K"F"  Q@70 Q@ d  Q@70dQ@70  }V"G"  Q@70 , 4 Q@ d 4,d1tk Q B+H d dQCytec Q B+I" d dQWallingford,CT K <+J" d Kaqueousformaldehyde m ^%L"  333333?0.15d333333?m0.15  MM" 333333?0.15 333333? d @90000@90,000 h YHN" @90000 @  hScrubber m ^%O"  ffffff?0.95dffffff?m95%  MP" ffffff?0.95 ffffff? d  @@32d@@32  KQ"  @@32 @@ d  @2d@2  |UR"  @2 , 4 @ d 4,d1tk Q B+| S d dQSimpsonTimber Q B+D U" d dQPortland,OR K <+| V" d Kaqueousformaldehyde m ^%D X"  Gz?0.47dGz?m0.47  M| Y" Gz?0.47 Gz? d l@47972l@47,972 h YH| Z" l@47972 l@  hScrubber m ^%| ["  333333?0.85d333333?m85%  M| \" 333333?0.85 333333? d 0@1420d0@1420  M| ]" 0@1420 0@ d j@213dj@213  ~W| ^" j@213 , 4 j@ d 4,d1tk K <+< _ d KSimpsonTimber E 6%b a"  EPortland,OR E 6%< b"  Emethanol g X%< c"  zG?1.93zG?g1.93  {G< d" zG?1.93 zG?  @80926@80,926 h YH< e" @80926 @  hNone d U%< f"   0d0%  vD< g"  0   q@280q@280  F< h" q@280 q@  q@280dq@280  ~W< i" q@280 , 4 q@ d 4,d1tk K <+V j d KSimpsonTimber E 6% l"  EPortland,OR E 6%V m"  Ephenol E 6%V n"  E<0.01 h Y%V o"  >@51702>@h51,702 h YHV p" >@51702 >@  hNone d U%V q"   0d0%  vDV r"  0   d@160d@160  FV s" d@160 d@  d@160dd@160#XQXK#  WV t" d@160 , 4 d@ d A,( d   Note:Thecapacityvalues(sizeingallons)applyseparatelytoeachstoragevessel,whiletheuncontrolledandcontrolledemissions(lb/yr)applycollectivelytothegroupofstoragevesselsforthatspecificfacility.XXQI?=w ,( A   d  I#XQX#XXQԛ   w ֜TRY3' LetterP '3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT#XQXJ#anyoneoftheotheruncontrolledfacilities;theterm best  performing5"isusedeventhoughthereareonlyfourfacilitiesthatcontrolstoragevesselsatbaseline.  Forexistingsources,theHONapproachdetermineswhetherornotthereiscontrolattheMACTfloorbyconsideringtheoverallcontrolstatusofeachfacilityindependently,judgingeachfacilityascontrolledoruncontrolledbasedonapredominanceofcontrolledoruncontrolledstoragevessels.Forexample,if8outof10storagevesselsarecontrolledatagivenfacility,theoverallcontrolstatusofthatfacilityis controlled.Next,theHONapproachlooksatapredominanceofthebestperforming5facilities.Ifatleast3outofthe5facilitiesareconsidered controlled,aMACTfloorofcontrolisconsideredtoexist.Table63presentsasummaryofthenumberofuncontrolledandcontrolledstoragevesselsateachofthefourfacilitiesthatcontrolledstoragevesselsatthebaselineandpresentstheHONapproachfindingthattheexistingsourceMACTflooris controlled.  $" @$ $ Table63.HONANALYSISOFRAWMATERIALTANKS*z d ,d@ "T" ""-"""9"@"l(#(#, dd",G dd", dd"+  "  "Facility 4*D" 4Statuscontrolledoutoftotal * 4" *ControlledorUncontrolleda 7-4" 7Cytec,Wallingford,CT 4*X  " 46outof11 * h  " *Controlled 7-h  " 7SimpsonTimber,Portland,OR 4*  " 41outof3 *  ," *Uncontrolled 7- ," 7Borden,Fayetteville,NC 4*@ " 421outof25 * P " *Controlled 7-P " 7Borden,Louisville,KY 4* " 48outof15 *  " *Controlled 7- " 7ExistingMACTFloorFacilityAverage 4*(x 43facilitiesoutof4facilities * (x *Controlled/%#8"   /aThefacilitylevelcontrolled/uncontrolleddecisionisbasedon  p whetherornotamajorityoftanksarecontrolled.  TheHONapproachexpressesapplicabilitycriteriaintermsofvaporpressureandvesselcapacitycutoffs.Onceafindingof controlledismadefortheMACTfloor,thefirststepindevelopingapplicabilitycriteriaistoplotallthetanksinthebestperforming5populationonagraphofvaporpressureversuscapacityandidentifythemascontrolledoruncontrolled.Thesecondstepisthedevelopmentofvaporpressureandcapacitycutoffsthatwoulddescribethosetanksthatarecontrolledandexcludetanksthatareuncontrolled.Morethanonesetofvapor pressureandstoragevesselcapacitycutoffsmaybedeveloped,as ) %2 wasthecaseforthisanalysisfortheexistingsourceMACTfloor.Thefollowingapplicabilitycriteriaweredeveloped:   Aqueousformaldehyde0  0(#(#10,000gallonscapacitywith p vaporpressure0.47psiaP (#(#   Nonaqueousformaldehyde0  0(#(#10,160gallonscapacitywith 0  vaporpressure2.45psia;and `  90,000gallonscapacitywith @  vaporpressure0.45psia (#(# Twosetsofcriteriaweredevelopedbecausethestoragevesselsinthebestperforming5facilitydatasetnaturallylendthemselvestodivisionbasedonthematerialstored(i.e.,aqueousformaldehydeorothermaterials),andbecausetheHONapproachrequiresthatstoragevesselsthatarenotcontrolledbeexcludedbytheapplicabilitycriteria.  ThecontrollevelfortheMACTfloorisestablishedbasedonthecontrollevelsatthebaseline.Ofthebestperforming5facilities,thereareatotalof36controlledstoragevesselsofwhich6arecontrolledto95percent,1iscontrolledto85percent,and29arecontrolledto50percent.Themedianandmode,whichis50percent,waschosentorepresenttheMACTfloor controllevel. 0*%( М&   6.3.2MACTFloorsforStorageVesselsatNewSources    X5XXXQTheMACTfloorfornewsourcesissetbythebestcontrolled'  source.UsingtheHONapproachfornewsources,thebestcontrolledsource(here,thebestcontrolledamino/phenolicresinfacility)isidentifiedbasedontheabsolutenumberofstoragevesselscontrolled.  TheBorden,Fayettevillefacilityisthebestcontrolledsourcebasedonabsolutenumberofstoragevesselscontrolled.However,theonlycontrolledstoragevesselsareaqueousformaldehydestoragevesselsandthisleavesstorageofotherrawmaterials(i.e.,nonaqueousformaldehyde)unaddressed.TheCytec,Wallingfordfacilityisthenextbestcontrolledfacilitybasedontheabsolutenumberofstoragevesselscontrolledandincludesotherrawmaterialsamongthecontrolledvessels.TheBorden,Fayettevillefacilityisthebestcontrolledfacilityforaqueousformaldehydestoragevessels,andtheCytec,Wallingfordfacilityisthebestcontrolledfacilityfornonaqueousformaldehydestoragevessels.Therefore,separatefloorsweresetforaqueousformaldehydeandnonaqueousformaldehydestoragevessels.  Liketheprocessforexistingsources,vaporpressureandcapacitycutoffsweredevelopedthatincludethosestorage ,`'* vesselsthatarecontrolledatbaselineandexcludestoragevesselsthatareuncontrolledatbaseline.ThestoragevesselsattheBorden,Fayettevillefacilitywereusedtodeveloptheaqueousformaldehydecriteria,andthestoragevesselsattheCytec,Wallingfordfacilitywereusedtodevelopthenonaqueousformaldehydecriteria.Thefollowingstoragevesselapplicabilitycriteriaweredeveloped:&    Aqueousformaldehyde0  0(#(#10,000gallonscapacitywith   vaporpressure0.47psia'(#(#   &  Nonaqueousformaldehyde0  0(#(#10,160gallonscapacitywith  vaporpressure2.45psia;and p 90,000gallonscapacitywith P vaporpressure0.45psia'0(#(# TheapplicabilitycriteriaforexistingandnewsourcesarecoincidentallythesamebecauseofthelargenumberofstoragevesselsattheBorden,Fayettevillefacility.  ThecontrollevelforthenewsourceMACTfloorisestablishedbasedonthecontrollevelsatthebestcontrolledfacility.Foraqueousformaldehydestoragevessels,thebestcontrolledfacilityistheBorden,Fayettevillefacility.Fornonaqueousformaldehydestoragevessels,thebestcontrolledfacilityistheCytec,Wallingfordfacility. ,`'*   TheaqueousformaldehydestoragevesselsattheBorden,Fayettevillefacilityareallcontrolledto50percent.Therefore,theMACTfloorforaqueousformaldehydestoragevesselsis50percent.AttheCytec,Wallingfordfacilitysomenonaqueousformaldehydestoragevesselsarecontrolledandsomearenotcontrolled.Theapplicabilitycriteriapresentedaboveseparatethecontrolledtanksfromtheuncontrolledtanks.Allofthecontrolledtanksarecontrolledto95percent.Therefore,theMACTfloorfornonaqueousformaldehydestoragevesselsis95percent.#XQXXX5Z#ԛ  &  6.4  DETERMINATIONOFMACTFLOORSFORCONTINUOUSPROCESSVENTS p   Thissectiondescribestheapproachtakenfordetermining'p#theMACTfloorforcontinuousprocessventsatexistingandnewϜsources.  ThefirststepindeterminingtheMACTfloorforcontinuousprocessventswastodeterminewhichmajorsourcefacilitiescontroltheircontinuousprocessvents.Eightfacilitiesthoughttohavecontinuousprocessventsthatmighthavecontrolswerecontactedbytelephone.Ofthese8facilities,continuousprocessventsat3facilitieswerediscoveredtobebatchprocessvents,onefacilityhadclosed,and4facilitieswereconfirmedtohavecontinuousprocessvents.Ofthe4facilitieswith ,`'* continuousprocessvents,1facilityhad2continuousprocessvents(dryers)thatwereeachcontrolledwithascrubberwithan85percentcontrolefficiency.Thethreeremainingfacilitieswithcontinuousprocessventsdidnotcontroltheirprocessvents.Table64presentsthedataforthesemajorsourcefacilitiesincludedintheanalysis.6.4.1MACTFloorsforContinuousProcessVentsatExisting @  Sources     TheMACTfloorforexistingsourcesissetbytheaverageperformanceforthebestperforming12percentofexistingsourcesforcategorieswith30ormoresources.Thebestperforming12percentofexistingsourcesisrepresentedbythebestperforming5facilitiesforthissourcecategory.Becauseonlyonefacilitywasidentifiedascontrollingitscontinuousprocessvents,theMACTfloorforexistingsourcesisnocontrol.@ & T Table64.CONTINUOUSPROCESSVENTCONTROLSATMAJORSOURCES̛*wj dd dd"G dd" dd"z (#(#w,` dd ,4dd ,dd +    "   Facility ) #d!  )Location , #d"  ,ControlDevice %#d#  %МBTL "$$ "Toledo,OH  $% NoControl %$& %CytecIndustries "&l!' "Wallingford,CT  &l!( TwoScrubbersEachhas85percentefficiency % '\"* %GeorgiaPacific "(#+ "Crossett,AR  (#, NoControl %(#- %Perstorp "*d%. "Florence,MA  *d%/ NoControl&*d%0   &'T  *t* 4+&0 6.4.2MACTFloorsforContinuousProcessVentsatNewSources  X5XXXQ  TheMACTfloorfornewsourcesissetbythebestcontrolled  amino/phenolicresinproductionfacility.Thebestcontrolledfacilityhasascrubberwithan85percentcontrolefficiency.TheapplicabilitycriterionchosentorepresentthespecificcontinuousprocessventsthatwerecontrolledattheMACTflooristheHONtotalresourceeffectiveness(TRE)equationforathermalincineratorwith70percentheatrecovery.ThisapplicabilitycriterionwasselectedbecausetheHONprocessventprovisionswererelieduponforpartofthestandardandusingthesameapplicabilitycriteriontodefinetheMACTfloorprovidesaconsistentapproachfortherule.  TheexpressionofapplicabilitycriteriaislimitedtotheTREequationforathermalincineratorwith70percentheatrecoverybecausetherewasonlyonesetofventstreamdata,whichdidnotallowtheEPAtoevaluatearangeofstreamconditionsthatwerecontrolledversusthosethatwerenotcontrolled.ThisTREvalueof1.2wascalculatedusingtheventstreamdataforthecontinuousprocessventssettingthe85 percentMACTfloor.#XQXXX5//# P(#& &   6.5  DETERMINATIONOFMACTFLOORSFORREACTORBATCHPROCESSVENTS    Thissectiondescribestheapproachtakenfordetermining'4theMACTfloorforreactorbatchprocessventsatexistingandnewsources.&  6.5.1MACTFloorsforReactorBatchProcessVentsatExisting 0  Sources `    TheMACTfloorforreactorbatchprocessventsatexisting'0 )5sourcesissetbytheaverageperformanceforthebestperforming12percentofexistingsources.Thebestperforming12percentofexistingsourcesisrepresentedbythebestperforming5facilities.Eachofthebestpeforming5facilitieshadappliedsecondarycontrolstoalloftheirreactorbatchprocessvents;thisfactnecessitatesthattheproposedrulerequirecontrolofallreactorbatchprocessventswithnoapplicabilitycriteria.Table65presentsthedataforthebestperforming5facilitiesintermsofreactorbatchprocessventcontrols.  ThedatasetusedforsettingtheMACTfloorwaslimitedtothe17facilitiesforwhichthe1992ICRresponsesindicatedthatsecondarycontrolshadbeenappliedtoreactorbatchprocessvents.Thesefacilitieswerecontactedviatelephoneduring1997andwereaskedaseriesofquestionsinordertoclarifythedatathatwerereportedinthe1992ICRresponses.Someofthetopics  ,`'* TRP '3 Letter LandscapeY3' Letter '3 Letter Landscape 3' LetterT  Table65.BESTPERFORMING5FACILITIESFORREACTORBATCHPROCESSVENTS  BASEDONAPPLIEDSECONDARYCONTROLSZXQXXXQԀa  ?;*wp dd` dd 4dd dd j ..w,< dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd"+  '  0'Facility 4*4" 4TypeofResin '$" 'ProductionofMethylatedResins(Nor%)  ԍ  ԍ̎    (  " (CollocatedwithFormaldehydePlant(Y/N) ' " 'SecondaryControls * $" *EmissionFactor(kilogramsofHAPpermegagramof  ԍ  ԍproduction)    4*% " 0  4Ranbar +!d  +P 'd " 'N 'd " 'N d " thermalincinerator(95%) :0 D  zG?0.84zG?:0.84 G=8d  zG?0.84 zG? GGeorgiaPacific,Taylorsville,MS +!h  +A/P 'x !" 'N 'x "" 'Y x #" catalyticincinerator(95%) :0 X& {Gz?0.01{Gz?:0.01 G=8x ' {Gz?0.01 {Gz? GGeorgiaPacific,PortWentworth,GA +!) +A/P ',*" '510% ',+" 'N ,," caustictreatment(93%) ;1  /  rh?0.017 rh?;0.017 H>9,0  rh?0.017  rh? HBorden,Louisville,Ky +!02 +P '@3" 'N '@4" 'Y @5" scrubber(90%)  @6 CBI %@7 %Solutia,Addyston,OH +!9 +A ':" '100% ';" 'N <" scrubber(85%)  = CBI&>   &aThedataonthistableisrestrictedtothe17facilitiesthatwerecontactedduring ? therecentdatagatheringeffort.#XQXXZXQ;#X5XXXQ  @ TRY3' LetterP '3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeTthatwerecoveredduringtheteleconferencesincludedthe  presenceandpurposeofaprimarycondenser,emissionsbeforeandaftertheprimarycondenser,efficiencyoftheprimarycondenserandsecondarycontroldevices,whetherthefacilitywascollocatedwithaformaldehydeplant,andwhetherthefacilityproducedmethylatedresins.  Inconsideringthebestperforming5facilitiesbasedonappliedsecondarycontrols,thedatawereevaluatedtodetermine#XQXXX5lF#X5XXXQifthecollocationwithformaldehydeplantsortheproductionof  methylatedresinsinfluencedtheapplicationofsecondarycontrols,specificallytheuseofcombustiondevices.Nopatternsemerged.Onecombustiondeviceisataphenolic#XQXXX5J#X5XXXQproducer(Ranbar)thatdoesnotproduceanymethylatedresinsand#XQXXX5YK#X5XXXQ 0 isnotcollocatedwithaformaldehydeplant.Theothercombustiondeviceisatanamino/phenolicproducer(Georgia#XQXXX5K#X5XXXQ @ Pacific,Taylorsville)thatdoesnotproduceanymethylatedresinsandiscollocatedwithaformaldehydeplant.  Inaddition,thedatawereevaluatedforpatternsofappliedsecondarycontrolsversustheproductioncapacityoffacilities.Again,nopatternsemerged.Onecombustiondeviceislocatedata816Mg/yr(1.8millionlb/yr)producer(Ranbar),andtheothercombustiondeviceislocatedata69,851Mg/yr(154million ,`'* lb/yr)producer(GeorgiaPacific,Taylorsville).Theseproductioncapacitiesaretypicalsmallandlargefacilities,respectively.  Inconclusion,becauseofthegooddistributionofmethylatorsandnonmethylators,facilitiescollocatedwithformaldehydeplantsandthosenot,andaminoonly,phenoliconly,andamino/phenolicproducerswithinthebestperforming5facilities,thebestperforming5facilitieswereconsideredrepresentativeoftheindustry.  #XQXXX5L#TheEPAconsideredtwooptionsfortheMACTfloor.The  optionsconsideredincludedselectingthepercentreductionforthemedianfacilityoraveragingthepercentreductionvaluesforthebestperforming5facilitiesanddeterminingthealternativeemissionlimitinasimilarmanner.Theoptionselectedusesthemedianfacilityforestablishingthepercentreductionandthealternateemissionlimit.TheGeorgiaPacific,PortWentworthfacilityrepresentsthemedianfacilityofthebestperforming5.Usingthepercentreductionvalueandtheemissionfactorforthisfacility,theMACTfloorwasselectedas93percentemissionreductionwithanalternativeemissionlimitof0.017kilogramof HAPpermegagramofproduct. 0*%(   Theoptionofaveragingthepercentreductionsforthebest performing5facilitieswasnotselectedbecauseprovidingthecorrespondingalternateemissionslimitwouldrequireaveragingtheemissionsfactorsforthebestperforming5facilities.BecauseoftheexceptionallyhighemissionfactorforRanbar(0.84kilogramofHAPpermegagramofproduct),whichisafacilitywithacombustiondeviceexpectedtohavealowemissionsfactor,theEPAjudgedthatthisapproachwouldnotprovideareasonablealternativeemissionslimit.&  6.5.2MACTFloorsforReactorBatchProcessVentsatNewSources    TheMACTfloorforreactorbatchprocessventsatnew'Usourcesissetbythebestcontrolledamino/phenolicresinfacility.ReferringbacktoTable65,areviewofthebestperformingfacilitiesrevealstwofacilitieswithcombustioncontrols.Inselectingthebestcontrolledfacility,theRanbarandGeorgiaPacific,Taylorsvillefacilitieswereconsideredasequallycontrolled.BecausetheemissionfactorfortheRanbarfacilityisjudgedtobeexceptionallyhighconsideringthereportedsecondarycontrols,theGeorgiaPacific,Taylorsvillefacilitywasselectedasthebestcontrolledfacility. Therefore,thefirstoptionthatwaschosenastheMACTflooris 0*%( 95percentemissionreductionwithanalternativestandardof0.01kilogramofHAPpermegagramofproduct. ZXQXXXQ&  6.6  DETERMINATIONOFMACTFLOORSFORNONREACTORBATCHPROCESS p VENTS#XQXXZXQY#ZXQXXXQ P    Thissectiondescribestheapproachtakenfordetermining'pYtheMACTfloorfornonreactorbatchprocess#XQXXZXQZZ#ZXQXXXQԀventsatexisting `  andnewaffectedsources.#XQXXZXQ6[# @  6.6.1MACTFloorsforNonReactorBatchProcessVentsat   ExistingSources    TheMACTfloorfornonreactorbatchprocessventsatexistingsourcesissetbytheaverageperformanceforthebestperforming12percentofexistingsources.Thebestperforming12percentofexistingsourcesisrepresentedbythebestperforming5facilities.Thebestperforming5facilitieswereselectedbasedontheoverallemissionreductionachievedbyeachfacility.Allofthebestperforming5facilitieshadappliedcontrolstosomeoftheirnonreactorbatchprocessvents,andtwoofthebestperforming5facilitieshadappliedcontrolstoalloftheirnonreactorbatchprocessvents.Thisbaselinecontrolsituation,andthelimiteddatasetavailablefortheanalysis,ledtheEPAtoconsiderasingleoptionforthedevelopmentofexistingsourceMACTfloorbasedonachievinga ,`'* specifiedemissionreductionforthecollectionofnonreactorbatchprocessventswithintheaffectedsource.Table66presentsthedataforthebestperforming5facilitiesintermsofnonreactorbatchprocessventcontrolsandtheoverallemissionreductionachievedbyeachfacility.Thefacilityaverageemissionreductionrangedfrom83.7percentto50percent.  @    TRP '3 Letter LandscapeY3' Letter '3 Letter Landscape 3' LetterT@@ $aXXQ*n,d d< dd dd dd dd dd dd"p ..,@",",",",",",",9",",",@"+  B++1  APdB@@: Company S+ +B+JP"++d dSLocation S+ +B+JP"+ +d dS@@: EmissionPoint S+ +B+ "+ +d dSEmissionPointDescription S+ +B+ "+ +d dSUncontdEmis.(tpy) S+ +B+  "+ +d dSContdEmis.(tpy) S+ +B+  "+ +d dSPrimaryControlDevice S+ +B+ "+ +d dSPrimaryDeviceEff.% S+ +B+ "+ +d dSSecond.ControlDevice S+ +B+ "+ +d dSSecond.DeviceEff.% V+ +E+ "+ +d dVCombinedEff.% g]6 " P A + +d 4,dgSchenectady T E+ "d dTRotterdamJunction,NY T E+ " d dTE14 T E+ " d dTWeightank q b+  " d V-?0.247V-?q0.247  H !" V-?0.247 V-?  V-?0.247V-?0.247 k \H "" V-?0.247 V-?  kNone N ?% #"  dNNR T E+ $" d dTNone N ?+ %" d N N ?% &"  dN j ]6 '" , 4  d 4,djSchenectady#XQXb#XXQ Q B+ (" d dQRotterdamJunction,NY Q B+Z `*" d dQE5/E6 Q B+ +" d dQSeparatorTank s d+Z `-" d 8@24.1d8@s24.1̀  MZ `/" 8@24.1 8@ d  +?0.241d +?0.241 t eN 0"  +?0.241  +? d dtCondenser Q B+ 1" d dQNR Q B+ 2" d dQScrubber Q B+ 3" d dQNR v g+ 4" d X@99.5dX@v99.5  X 5" X@99.5 , 4 X@ d 4,dSchenectady#XQX2n#XXQ Q B+NT6" d dQRotterdamJunction,NY Q B+8" d dQE7 Q B+NT9" d dQHoldTank s d+NT:" d 3333339@25.2d3333339@s25.2  MNT;" 3333339@25.2 3333339@ d T㥛 ?0.252dT㥛 ?0.252 t eNNT<" T㥛 ?0.252 T㥛 ? d dtCondenser q b+NT=" d  X@99dX@q99 q bKNT>"  X@99 X@ d dqNone Q B+NT?" d dQNR T E+NT@" d dTNR j ]6NTA" , 4  d 4,djSchenectady#XQX4s#XXQ Q B+B" d dQRotterdamJunction,NY Q B+D" d dQE4 Q B+E" d dQHoldingTank m ^+F" d 333333(@12.1333333(@m12.1  zGG" 333333(@12.1 333333(@  333333(@12.1333333(@12.1 g XGH" 333333(@12.1 333333(@  gNone K <%I"  dK Q B+J" d dQNone K <+K" d K N ?%L"  dN j ]6M" , 4  d 4,djSchenectady#XQXx#XXQ Q B+ N" d dQRotterdamJunction,NY Q B+ P" d dQE15/E16 Q B+ Q" d dQMixTankUnit s d+ S" d = ףp=@7.31d= ףp=@s7.31  M T" = ףp=@7.31 = ףp=@ d mV}b?0.3654dmV}b?0.3654 u fO U" mV}b?0.3654 mV}b? d duCondenser Q B+ V" d dQNR Q B+ W" d dQScrubber Q B+ X" d dQNR t e+ Y" d  W@95dW@t95  }V Z"  W@95 , 4 W@ d 4,dSchenectady#XQX|#XXQ Q B+ [" d dQRotterdamJunction,NY Q B+V\ ]" d dQE20 Q B+ ^" d dQSeparatorUnit s d+V\ `" d 333335@21.7d333335@s21.7  M a" 333335@21.7 333335@ d )\(?0.11d)\(?0.11 s dM b" )\(?0.11 )\(? d dsCondenser Q B+ c" d dQNR Q B+ d" d dQScrubber Q B+ e" d dQ v g+ f" d X@99.5dX@v99.5  X g" X@99.5 , 4 X@ d 4,dSchenectady#XQX#XXQ Q B+NT h" d dQRotterdamJunction,NY Q B+j" d dQE19 Q B+NT k" d dQHoldTank s d+NT l" d  ףp= @6.76d ףp= @s6.76  MNT m"  ףp= @6.76  ףp= @ d T㥛 ?0.879dT㥛 ?0.879 t eNNT n" T㥛 ?0.879 T㥛 ? d dtCondenser q b+NT o" d  U@87dU@q87 q bKNT p"  U@87 U@ d dqNone Q B+NT q" d dQ T E+NT r" d dT n ]6NT s" , 4  d 4,dnSchenectady#XQX#XXQ S B+t" d dSRotterdamJunction,NY S B+v" d dSE21 S B+w" d dSRecycleSystem v e+y" d K?0.182dK?v0.182  Nz" K?0.182 K? d K?0.182dK?0.182 v eN{" K?0.182 K? d dvNone S B+|" d dS S B+}" d dSNone S B+~" d dS V E+" d dV g]6" , 4  d 4,dgSchenectady#XQXl#XXQ T E+"d dTRotterdamJunction,NY T E+" d dTE22/E23 T E+" d dTRecycleTank v g+" d {Gz@2.31d{Gz@v2.31  M" {Gz@2.31 {Gz@ d &†?0.0231d&†?0.0231 x iO" &†?0.0231 &†? d dxCondenser t e+" d  X@99dX@t99 t eK"  X@99 X@ d dtNone T E+" d dT T E+" d dT j ]6" , 4  d 4,djSchenectady#XQX&#XXQ Q B+" d dQRotterdamJunction,NY#XQX3#XXQ Q B+V\" d dQE24 Q B+" d dQFlakingbelt s d+" d Gz@5.67dGz@s5.67  M" Gz@5.67 Gz@ d Q@2.84dQ@2.84 s dM" Q@2.84 Q@ d dsScrubber Q B+" d dQNR Q B+" d dQNone Q B+" d dQ T E+" d dT m \6" , 4  d , dmOverallEmissionReductionfornonreactorbatchprocessventsis83.7percente[4NT" ,  d  4,deBorden T E+ ,"d dTLouisville,KY T E+ " d dTE1A T E+ ," d dTWeighTank/FixedRoof v g+ " d ?0.25d?v0.25  M ," ?0.25 ? d Q?0.12dQ?0.12 v gM ," Q?0.12 Q? d dvScrubber t e+ , " d  V@90dV@t90 t eK , "  V@90 V@ d dtNone T E+ , " d dT T E+ , " d dT j ]6 , " , 4  d 4,djBorden Q B+ " d dQLouisville,KY Q B+Z " d dQE2A Q B+ " d dQWeighTank/FixedRoof r c+Z " d ?0.5d?r0.5  L " ?0.5 ? d ?0.05d?0.05 s dM " ?0.05 ? d dsScrubber q b+ " d  V@90dV@q90 q bK "  V@90 V@ d dqNone Q B+ " d dQ T E+ " d dT j ]6 " , 4  d 4,djBorden Q B+R" d dQLouisville,KY Q B+t" d dQE8 Q B+R" d dQRecovery(phenol) t e+t " d Mbp?0.004dMbp?t0.004  NR!" Mbp?0.004 Mbp? d Mbp?0.004dMbp?0.004 t eNR"" Mbp?0.004 Mbp? d dtNone Q B+R#" d dQ Q B+R$" d dQNone Q B+R%" d dQ T E+R&" d dT j ]6R'" , 4  d 4,djBorden Q B+l(" d dQLouisville,KY Q B+4*" d dQE11 Q B+l+" d dQCooling&Flaking t e+4-" d {Gzt?0.005d{Gzt?t0.005  Nl." {Gzt?0.005 {Gzt? d {Gzt?0.005d{Gzt?0.005 t eNl/" {Gzt?0.005 {Gzt? d dtScrubber q b+l0" d  V@90dV@q90 q bKl1"  V@90 V@ d dqNone Q B+l2" d dQ T E+l3" d dT i \6l4" , 4  d , diOverallEmissionReductionfornonreactorbatchprocessventsis77percent#XQXܕ#XXQ h [4,5" ,  d  4,dhDynachem Q B+$6" d dQGeorgetown,IL Q B+8" d dQE9 Q B+$9" d dQWeighTank s d+$:" d ?0.25d?s0.25  M$;" ?0.25 ? d 333333?0.075d333333?0.075 t eN$<" 333333?0.075 333333? d dtScrubber q b+$=" d  R@72dR@q72 q bK$>"  R@72 R@ d dqNone Q B+$?" d dQ T E+$@" d dT m \6$A" , 4  d , dmOverallEmissionReductionfornonreactorbatchprocessventsis70percent#XQXm#XXQ l [4 B" ,  d  4,dlSolutia V E+ C" d dVAddyston,OH V E+ D" d dVE3 V E+ E" d dVMethanolweightank x g+J G" d Q?0.81dQ?x0.81  M H" Q?0.81 Q? d Q?0.81dQ?0.81 x gM I" Q?0.81 Q? d dxVaporbalance V E+J K" d dVNR V E+ L" d dVNone V E+ M" d dV V E+ N" d dV n ]6 O" , 4  d 4,dnSolutia V E+B P" d dVAddyston,OH V E+B Q" d dVE4 V E+B R" d dVFormaldehydeweightank y h+ d T" d y&1?0.014dy&1?y0.014  NB U" y&1?0.014 y&1? d y&1?0.014dy&1?0.014 y hNB V" y&1?0.014 y&1? d dyNone V E+B W" d dV V E+B X" d dVNone V E+B Y" d dV V E+B Z" d dV n ]6B [" , 4  d 4,dnSolutia V E+\\" d dVAddyston,OH V E+\]" d dVE7 V E+\^" d dVDistillationOverheadTank x g+a" d  ףp= ?1.44d ףp= ?x1.44  M\b"  ףp= ?1.44  ףp= ? d )\(?0.22d)\(?0.22 x gM\c" )\(?0.22 )\(? d dxScrubber v e+\d" d  @U@85d@U@v85 v eK\e"  @U@85 @U@ d dvNone V E+\f" d dV V E+\g" d dV g]6\h" , 4  d 4,dgSolutia T E+i"d dTAddyston,OH T E+j" d dTE6 T E+k" d dTDistillationFeedTank w h+Rm" d NbX9?0.261dNbX9?w0.261  Nn" NbX9?0.261 NbX9? d +?0.039d+?0.039 w hNo" +?0.039 +? d dwScrubber t e+p" d  @U@85d@U@t85 t eKq"  @U@85 @U@ d dtNone T E+r" d dT T E+s" d dT n ]6t" , 4  d 4,dnSolutia S B+Ju" d dSAddyston,OH S B+Jv" d dSE8 S B+Jw" d dSDistillationBottomTank v e+ly" d I +?0.352dI +?v0.352  NJz" I +?0.352 I +? d A`"?0.053dA`"?0.053 v eNJ{" A`"?0.053 A`"? d dvScrubber s b+J|" d  @U@85d@U@s85 s bKJ}"  @U@85 @U@ d dsNone S B+J~" d dS V E+J" d dV m \6J" , 4  d , dmOverallEmissionReductionfornonreactorbatchprocessventsis60.5percent#XQX#XXQe[4 d" ,  d  4,deBorden T E+ ,"d dTFayetteville,NC T E+ " d dTE2 T E+ ," d dTWeighTank w h+ ," d /$?0.084d/$?w0.084  N ," /$?0.084 /$? d /$?0.042d/$?0.042 w hN ," /$?0.042 /$? d dwScrubber t e+ ," d  I@50dI@t50 t eK , "  I@50 I@ d dtNone T E+ , " d dT T E+ , " d dT j ]6 , " , 4  d 4,djBorden Q B+  " d dQFayetteville,NC Q B+Z " d dQE2 Q B+ " d dQWeighTank n _+ " d L7A`?0.264L7A`?n0.264  H " L7A`?0.264 L7A`?  L7A`?0.132dL7A`?0.132 n _N " L7A`?0.132 L7A`? d nScrubber e V% "   I@50I@e50 k \E "  I@50 I@  dkNone Q B+ " d dQ T E+ " d dT n ]6 " , 4  d 4,dnBorden S B+R" d dSFayetteville,NC S B+t" d dSE2 S B+R" d dSWeighTank p _+R" d n?0.209n?p0.209  HR" n?0.209 n?  n?0.1045dn?0.1045 q `OR" n?0.1045 n? d qScrubber g V%R "   I@50I@g50 m \ER!"  I@50 I@  dmNone S B+R"" d dS V E+R#" d dV m+\6R$" , 4  d , dmOverallEmissionReductionfornonreactorbatchprocessventsis50percent#XQXy#XXQD:8l%" ,  +d  D#XQX7#  8% TRY3' LetterP '3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  ThefirststepindeterminingtheMACTfloorwasto  establishtheoverallpercentemissionreductionforthebestperforming5facilities.Theaveragepercentemissionsreductionwascalculatedfromthebestperforming5facilities.Specifically,foreachofthebestperforming5facilities,thedifferenceofuncontrolledemissionsminuscontrolledemissionswasdividedbyuncontrolledemissionstoestablishtheaveragepercentemissionsreductionforthefacility.Then,theaveragepercentemissionsreductionsforthebestperforming5facilitieswereaddedtogetherandthendividedby5.Theresultingaveragepercentemissionsreductionforthebestperforming5facilitiesis68percent.  X5XXXQFacilitywideuncontrolledemissionsfromnonreactorbatch 0 processventswerechosenastheapplicabilitycriteria,becauseitwastheonlyavailabledata,andbecausetheEPAjudgedthattheapplicabilitycriteria,likethecontrollevel,shouldbeanoverallvalueasopposedtoanindividualprocessventspecific#XQXXX58#X5XXXQ "  value.Theuncontrolledemissionscutoffof0.23Mg/yr(0.25tpy)representsthesmallestfacility-wideuncontrolledemissionsfromnonreactorbatchprocessventsforafacilityinthebest performing5.Thesmallestvaluewasselectedtoensurethatall 0*%( thefacilitiesincludedinsett