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Area Source Standards
General Information
Under the Urban Air Toxics Strategy, EPA is developing standards to control toxic air pollutants from area sources. "Area" sources are those sources that emit less than 10 tons annually of a single hazardous air pollutant or less than 25 tons or more annually of a combination of hazardous air pollutants. All of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant (NESHAP) rules are listed in one table Here you will find in alphabetical order, the links to the final rules, latest fact sheets, and other pertinent information on each category, including both area sources and major sources.
The Clean Air Act (CAA) requires EPA to identify a list of at least 30 air toxics that pose the greatest potential health threat in urban areas, and for the Strategy, EPA identified a list of 33 air toxics.
The CAA also requires EPA to identify and list the area source categories that represent 90 percent of the emissions of the 30 urban air toxics associated with area sources and subject them to standards under the CAA (section 112(d)). Through three separate listings (including a list in the Urban Air Toxics Strategy), EPA has identified a total of 70 area source categories which represent 90 percent of the emissions of the 30 listed air toxics. Of these 70 area source categories, 28 had been regulated by June 2007 and the remaining area source standards are under development. The EPA was recently put on a court ordered schedule to issue the area source rules listed under the Urban Air Toxics Strategy. A 2003 court ordered and a 2006 court order resulted in the deadlines listed below.
Implementation Tools
Implementation tools can be found on the source category specific rule pages and/or listed below. Please note that not all source categories will need implementation tools. Development of tools will be based on the complexity of the rule. You will find even more brochures, forms and information provided by the Small Business Assistance Program at the following link: http://www.smallbiz-enviroweb.org/sba/newruleinfo.html
| Date | Description | File Download |
| 7/2008 | Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Brochure |  |
| 7/2008 | Iron and Steel Foundries Brochure | |
| 7/2008 | Hospital Sterilizers using Ethylene Oxide Brochure | |
| 7/2008 | Hospital Sterilizers using Ethylene Oxide- Brief Summary |  |
| 7/2008 | Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines Brochure | |
| 7/2008 | Paint Stripping and Miscellaneous Surface Coating Operations Brochure | |
| 7/2008 | Paint Stripping and Miscellaneous Surface Coating Operations Miscellaneous Surface Coating Operations-Brief Summary |
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| 7/2008 | Paint Stripping and Miscellaneous Surface Coating Operations Paint Stripping Operations-Brief Summary |
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| 7/2008 | Lead Acid Batteries Area Source Implementation Brochure | |
| 7/2008 | Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing Industry Area Source Implementation Brochure | |
| 7/2008 | Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Industry Area Source Implementation Brochure | |
| 7/2008 | Glass Manufacturing Industry Area Source Implementation Brochure | |
| 7/2008 | Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production and Fabrication Industry Area Source Implementation Brochure | |
| 7/2008 | Wood Preserving Implementation Brochure | |
| 7/2008 | Wood Preserving- Brief Summary | |
| 7/2008 | Gasoline Dispensing Facilities Brochure | |
| 7/2008 | Gas Dispensing Facilities- Brief Summary | |
| 7/2008 | Bulk Terminals and Bulk Plants Brochure | |
Compilation of All Completed Area Source Rules
Initial Notification Examples
Important Note: There is no specific form required for the initial notification. In the initial notification, the owner/operator simply needs to provide the information specified in the rule to their EPA Regional Office. States where the rule has been delegated, the initial notification needs to go to the EPA Regional Office and the delegated state or delegated local permitting authority. You may submit the information required in another form or format. It is highly recommended that you talk with your permitting authority before using any of these examples as potential templates.
| Date | Description | File Download |
| 4/16/08 | Example Initial Notification for 40 CFR 63, subpart ZZZ National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (RICE | |
| 4/10/08 | Example Initial Notification for 40 CFR 63, subpart RRRRRR National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Area Sources | |
| 4/10/08 | Example of initial notification for Paint Stripping and Miscellaneous Surface Coating Area Source Rule Subpart HHHHHH 40 CFR 63.11169 – 63.11180 | |
| 4/10/08 | Example of initial notification of Compliance Status for 40 CFR 63, subpart WWWWW: National Emission Standards for Hospital Ethylene Oxide Sterilization | |
| 4/10/08 | Example of initial notification for 40 CFR 63, subpart SSSSSS National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Glass Manufacturing Area Sources | |
| 4/10/08 | Example of Initial Notification/Notification of Compliance Status Report for Gasoline Dispensing Facilities, under 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart CCCCCC - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Source Category: Gasoline Dispensing Facilities. | |
| 4/10/08 | Example of Initial Notification/Notification of Compliance Status Report for Bulk Gasoline Plants, under 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart BBBBBB - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Source Category: Gasoline Distribution Bulk Terminals, Bulk Plants, and Pipeline Facilities | |
| 4/29/08 | Example of Initial Notification for Gasoline Dispensing Facilities (GDF), under 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart CCCCCC - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Source Category: Gasoline Dispensing Facilities. | |
Urban Air Toxics Strategy
| Date | Citation | Description | File Download |
| 11/26/02 | Individual HAP Analysis, November 2002 | |
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| 11/22/02 | Area Source Categories with Percentage Contribution to Each of the 30 Urban HAP | |
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| 11/22/02 | 67 FR 70427 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: 11/02 Revision of Area Source Category List Under Section 112(c)(3) and 112(k)(3)(B)(ii) of the Clean Air Act | |
| 11/18/02 | Expanded Description of Source Categories Listed in June 2002 for Future Regulatory Development |
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| 11/18/02 | Description of New Source Categories that are Listed for Future Regulatory Development |
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| 06/26/02 | 67 FR 43112 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Revision of Area Source Category List Under Section 112(c)(3) and 112(k)(3)(B)(ii) of the Clean Air Act | |
| 8/08/99 | N/A | Brochure in Spanish | |
| 7/19/99 | 64 FR 38705 | Final Urban Air Toxics Strategy | |
| 7/06/99 | N/A | Fact Sheet | |
| 7/06/99 | N/A | Brochure | |
05/26/99 | Description of New Source Categories that are Listed for Future Regulatory Development |
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Rules/Notices
| Date | Citation | Description | File Download | Fact Sheet |
| 07/23/08 | 73 FR 42978 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Area Source Standards for Nine Metal Fabrication and Finishing Source Categories; Final Rule | |
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| 7/01/08 | 73 FR 37728 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Area Source Standards for Plating and Polishing Operations; Final Rule | |
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| 4/03/08 | 73 FR 18333 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Area Source Standards for Nine Metal Fabrication and Finishing Source Categories; Proposed Rule | |
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| 3/26/08 | 73 FR 15923 | Amendments to National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Acrylic and Modacrylic Fibers Production, Carbon Black Production, Chemical Manufacturing: Chromium Compounds, Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production and Fabrication, Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing, and Wood Preserving:Direct Final Rule. | |
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| 3/14/08 | 73 FR 14126 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Area Source Standards for Plating and Polishing Operations; Proposed Rule | |
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| 3/07/08 | 73 FR 12275 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Gasoline Distribution Bulk Terminals, Bulk Plants, and Pipeline Facilities; and Gasoline Dispensing Facilities; Correction | |
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| 2/13/08 | 73 FR 8408 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Paint Stripping and Miscellaneous Surface Coating Operations at Area Sources; Correction | |
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| 2/07/08 | 73 FR 7285 | Notice of Proposed Settlement Agreement; Request for Public Comment. | |
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| 1/18/08 | 73 FR 3567 | Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines; Final Rule | |
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| 1/10/08 | 73 FR 1916 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Gasoline Distribution Bulk Terminals, Bulk Plants, and Pipeline Facilities; and Gasoline Dispensing Facilities; Final Rule | |
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| 1/9/08 | 73 FR 1738 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Paint Stripping and Miscellaneous Surface Coating Operations ; Final Rule | |
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| 1/2/08 | 73 FR 225 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Iron and Steel Foundries; Final Rule | |
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| 12/28/07 | 72 FR 73611 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Hospital Ethylene Oxide Sterilizers; Final Rule | |
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| 12/28/07 | 72 FR 74088 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Facilities; Final Rule | |
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| 12/26/07 | 72 FR 73179 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Clay Ceramics Manufacturing, Glass Manufacturing, and Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing; Final Rule | |
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| 09/20/07 | 72 FR 53836 | Revision of Source Category Lists for Standards Under Sections 112(c) and 112(k) of the Clean Air Act; and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Facilities; Proposed Rule | |
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| 09/20/07 | 72 FR 53833 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Clay Ceramics Manufacturing, Glass Manufacturing, and Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing; Proposed Rule | |
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| 09/17/07 | 72 FR 52983 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Iron and Steel Foundries Area Sources; Proposed Rule | |
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| 09/17/07 | 72 FR 52957 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Paint Stripping and Miscellaneous Surface Coating Operations at Area Sources; Proposed Rule | |
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| 07/16/07 | 72 FR 38864 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Acrylic and Modacrylic Fibers Production, Carbon Black Production, Chemical Manufacturing: Chromium Compounds, Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production and Fabrication, Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing, and Wood Preserving; Final Rule | |
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| 04/04/07 | 72 FR 16636 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Acrylic and Modacrylic Fibers Production, Carbon Black Production, Chemical Manufacturing: Chromium Compounds, Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production and Fabrication, Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing, and Wood Preserving | |
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| 01/23/07 | 72 FR 2930 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Polyvinyl Chloride and Copolymers Production, Primary Copper Smelting, Secondary Copper Smelting, and Primary Nonferrous Metals-- Zinc, Cadmium, and Beryllium-Final Rule | |
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01/03/07 | 72 FR 26 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Oil and Natural Gas Production Facilities: Final Area Source Rule. |
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| 11/09/06 | 71 FR 66063 | Proposed GACT area source standards for Gasoline Distribution Bulk Terminals, Bulk Plants, Pipeline Facilities and Gasoline Dispensing Facilities. | |
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| 10/06/06 | 71 FR 59302 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Polyvinyl Chloride and Copolymers Production, Primary Copper Smelting, Secondary Copper Smelting, and Primary Nonferrous Metals-- Zinc, Cadmium, and Beryllium-Proposed Rule | |
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| 06/12/06 | 71 FR 33804 | Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Source Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines; Proposed Rule | |
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| 3/31/06 | Court ordered decision and schedule to issue the area source rules | |
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| 1/06/06 | 71 FR 64907 | National Emission Standards for Hospital Ethylene Oxide Sterilizers: proposing two primary regulatory alternatives for new and existing hospital sterilizers that emit hazardous air pollutants and are area sources within the meaning of Clean Air Act section 112(a)(2). | |
12/19/05 | 70 FR 75320 | Exemption of Certain Area Sources From Title V Operating Permit Programs; Final Rule | |
| 5/22/03 | Court ordered decision and schedule to issue the area source rules | |
15 Area Source Categories Subject to Standards through 2005
Deadlines for Specific Area Source Standards under
a Court Order Issued May, 2003
| Oil and Natural Gas Production | Proposal completed c/o 6/30/05; promulgation 12/21/06 |
| Stationary Internal Combustion Engines | Proposal c/o 10/31/06; promulgation 12/20/07 |
| Hospital Sterilizers | Proposal c/o 10/31/06; promulgation 12/20/07 |
| Gasoline Distribution Stage I | proposal c/o 10/31/06; promulgation 12/20/07 |
Deadlines for 50 Area Source Categories under a
Court Order
Issued March 2006
| December 15, 2006 - Promulgate 4 categories |
| June 15, 2007 - Promulgate 6 categories |
| December 15, 2007 - Promulgate 10 categories |
| June 15, 2008 - Promulgate 10 categories |
| December 15, 2008 - Promulgate 10 categories |
| June 15, 2009 - Promulgate 10 categories |
Source Categories promulgated under
December 15, 2006 deadline
| Primary Nonferrous Metal Production | Primary Copper Smelting |
| Secondary Copper Smelting | Polyvinyl Chloride and Copolymers Production |
Source Categories promulgated under
June 15, 2007 deadline
Source Categories promulgated under
December 15, 2007 deadline
Source Categories promulgated under June 15, 2009 deadline
| Metal Fabrication and Finishing, Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing |
| Metal Fabrication and Finishing,Fabricated Metal Products |
| Metal Fabrication and Finishing, Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops) |
| Metal Fabrication and Finishing, Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing |
| Metal Fabrication and Finishing, Heating Equipment, Except Electric |
| Metal Fabrication and Finishing, Industrial Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing |
| Metal Fabrication and Finishing, Iron and Steel Forging |
| Metal Fabrication and Finishing, Primary Metal Products Manufacturing |
| Metal Fabrication and Finishing, Valves and Pipe Fittings |
| Plating and Polishing |
| Source Categories (11) for Fulfilling December 15, 2008 Deadline |
| Agricultural Chemicals and Pesticides Manufacturing |
| Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing |
| Cyclic Crude and Intermediate Production |
| Ferroalloys Production: Ferromanganese and Silicomanganese |
| Industrial Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing |
| Industrial Organic Chemical Manufacturing |
| Inorganic Pigment Manufacturing |
| Misc. Organic Chemical Manufacturing (MON) |
| Pharmaceutical Production |
| Plastic Materials and Resins Manufacturing |
| Synthetic Rubber |
| Source Categories (10) for Fulfilling June 15, 2009 Deadline |
| Aluminum Foundries |
| Brick and Structural Clay Products |
| Chemical Preparation |
| Copper Foundries |
| Industrial Boilers |
| Institutional/Commercial Boilers |
| Nonferrous Foundries, nec |
| Paint and Allied Products |
| Prepared Feeds Materials |
| Sewage Sludge Incineration |