WPC~ d|jWvЂH!מZL(LuHM cϚ%ƌ, %)PFy])m:1S/Z <;99*:VU] ;%x¹!E#9#\V=B u=U=&=S7Mw+o?e;hǪkH|Xaխ)snhj4y 3l(K^g9Uj'q8OQM??b'G$\aXM  o`l0!9zS_St72*̷_l G4~&p=^U ),bE%0]%g["Qjf-14*.S>^#!kOHbb}j͂AbpЙw]izWp=KaDhuR6bzU1S 0&q? 0j? 0e@ 0Wf@ 0W@ 0A 0jA 0B 0B 0C 0D 0D 0E 0F 0-H 0@o i+pHJpo,pf B B BҜ B B B/ BN Bm B B! B!̝ B! B! B!/ B!P B!q 0Ca՞ 0fa 1y 1u: 1f 0 ~v D/+fۣfݣaߣ D3U:&w@`4 B^ Ѥݤ#! m AMlt 0K: D3BUFf@BBaE@ ݪo0a AMJUN i\CUHU: 0D)))))NmBow= A Ap{IIIIIp ^@  o%pr% % % U:}?}?}BU}U}U}U}U}}}}}}}}}}}f}a}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}VV8Document[1]Document Style  @..  23  Ԁ     Ԉ V-8Document[2]Document Style 23  Ԁ   V=8Document[3]Document Style.. 23  Ԁ   V8Document[4]Document Style.. . V 8Document[5]Document Style0..V 8Document[6]Document Style8..V& 8Document[7]Document Style0..0` ..` V& 8Document[8]Document Style0..8` ..` l80:Technical[1]Technical Document Style  23  Ԁ     .. l-%:Technical[2]Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. l*!:Technical[3]Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. l&!:Technical[4]Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. l/:Technical[5]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. l/:Technical[6]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. l/:Technical[7]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. l/:Technical[8]Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. zS :Right Par[1]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..23  Ԁ..0..zf :Right Par[2]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..` 23  Ԁ..0` ..` zy :Right Par[3]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. 23  Ԁ` ..` 0 .. z :Right Par[4]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..23  Ԁ .. 0..z :Right Par[5]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h23  Ԁ..0h..hz :Right Par[6]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h..23  Ԁh..h0..z :Right Par[7]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h....23  Ԁ..0..z :Right Par[8]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h....p..p23  Ԁ..0p..p862 level[1] 23  82 62 level[2] 23  0..8 62 level[3]23  8 62 level[4]23  8 62 level[5]23  8 62 level[6]23  8 62 level[7]23  8 62 level[8]23  <+:1st level[1] 23  0.. < :1st level[2]23  < :1st level[3]23  < :1st level[4]23  < :1st level[5]23  < :1st level[6]23  < :1st level[7]23  < :1st level[8]23  F  Z 2CG Times (WN) Regular)R& 8BibliogrphyBibliography0....fp2Doc InitInitialize Document Style-S 1   I. 1. A. a.(1)(a) i) a)S./0(Vm$0   (,!$0  0` (#(#  (($0 0 0  A_ekqwDocumentDocument StyleI.1.A.a.(1)(a)i)a)jo4Tech InitInitialize Technical StyleS 3   1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 S  CuyTechnicalTechnical Document Style11.11.1.11.1.1.11.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1x?t2PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paper 5 < 6 S(  )XbX)7X7XX)Xb  77XX7X7  7X7XX777X7XX7X77X7XX7X77X7XX7X7  7X7XX7X77X7XX7X7  7X7XX7X77X7XX7X7  7X7XX7X77X7XX7X7XX?8'*dE*??8'*dE*?HH1HH2HH3HH4HH5HH6HH7HH8HH910111213141516171819202122232425262728  .+(r3S$ H!    )XX)7X@XX)X  <6X9`("Courier 10cpiV* CELSets 8 for Header CEOx6Append CvrFormat for Appendix Cover Sheets h _;+_ 2Times New RomanBoldTT_  _;+_ 2Times New RomanBoldTT_  +_ 2Times New RomanBoldTTr6VOCDOC.STYStyle sheet for VOCDOC Report))=)  H4 | \ <|\< !XH  >$+o> A`ArialTT  ? S)  )XbX)7X7XX)Xb  7kX7X7=7kH4 | \ <|\< !XH  =XX=7X7XX=X7kX7X7=7kH4 | \ <|\< !H  ====H4 | \ <|\< !H  ====H4 | \ <|\< !H  ====H4 | \ <|\< !HCH9131(q2B$ H!    )XX)7X@XX)X  &$1B& $2Document Style0..8` ..` B $3Document Style.. . B $4Document Style8..B $5Document Style0..B-$6Document Style 23  Ԁ   B& $7Document Style0..0` ..` dS $8Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..23  Ԁ..0..df $9Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..` 23  Ԁ..0` ..` D=&10Document Style.. 23  Ԁ   fy &11Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. 23  Ԁ` ..` 0 .. f &12Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..23  Ԁ .. 0..f &13Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h23  Ԁ..0h..hf &14Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h..23  Ԁh..h0..f &15Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h....23  Ԁ..0..f &16Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers..` ..`  .. ..h..h....p..p23  Ԁ..0p..pDV!&17Document Style  @..  23  Ԁ     Ԉ X/&18Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. X/&19Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. X-(&20Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. X*$&21Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. X)$&22Technical Document Style 23  Ԁ   .. X83&23Technical Document Style  23  Ԁ     .. X/&24Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. X/&25Technical Document Style.. 23  Ԁ. \:Condensed PrCondensed print: Line printer, 1/2" margin T/BCZ3 HA`$ArialTTC X  X #ZZd#CZ3 HA`$ArialTTC3 HA`$ArialTT<:2 col condenCondensed print 2-column (2 std pages on one)     \R'3\ X  X X  X CZ3 HA`$ArialTTC#ZZd#hhu\,NotesHelv. small type below tablesC]02A`ArialTTCNOTES:0..C]02A`ArialTTC02A`ArialTTZ.ReportPechan formal reports&&&W_+ `*Times New RomanTTW  A7 (08@A+ `*Times New RomanTTv2FootnoteFootnote for reports (schoolbook)VL (08@HPX!"VW_+ `*Times New RomanTTWv.ResumePechan staff resume format 09/03/91   Wb'\  `*Times New RomanTTW;1P 0 pP0;'\  `*Times New RomanTTtxx:1st tier (A)Heading for 1st-tier section&&&_d.X 2Times New RomanBoldTT_..&&&_d.X 2Times New RomanBoldTT_.X 2Times New RomanBoldTTt:2nd tier (1)heading for 2nd-tier section&&&mf-z  @Times New RomanBold ItalicTTm....&&&mf-z  @Times New RomanBold ItalicTTm-z  @Times New RomanBold ItalicTTt:3rd tier (a)Heading for 3rd-tier section&&&mf-z  @Times New RomanBold ItalicTTm..` ..` ..&&&mf-z  @Times New RomanBold ItalicTTmf:4th tier (i)Heading for 4th level&&&mf-z  @Times New RomanBold ItalicTTm..` ..`  .. ..&&&mf-z  @Times New RomanBold ItalicTTmVx8Chapterheadtop of chapter@.._d.X 2Times New RomanBoldTT_Ԉ.._d.X 2Times New RomanBoldTT_V=.BulletBullet (Schoolbook)0..0` ..` "0 ..     Tv\.SourceSources for tablesC]02A`ArialTTCSOURCE:0` ..` C]02A`ArialTTC2Envelope#10 envelope w/o return address 09/03/91    \RV,\ `  h   h w d8Table Titleformats table titles in Pechan reports@D..DXXXKn22AArialBoldTTKԈ  XXXKn22AArialBoldTTK22AArialBoldTTb* 8Bullet ListIndented Bullet List0..0` ..` d:Appendix Covformats text for appendix cover sheet  @D..D   Kn22AArialBoldTTK   Kn22AArialBoldTTKr\\6Table Textformats text in Pechan tablesC]02A`ArialTTCC]02A`ArialTTC>a$"Small Circle"0..C:\WINDOWS\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT(q2B$ H!    )XX)7X@XX)X    B"  )XX)7X@XX)X  X@XX7X@@    24  A  a XX@ dC:\WINDOWS\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT d'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(q2B$ H!    )XX)7X@XX)X  (!$ Table    |}~{A<< bV.Courier New Regular(q2B$ H!    )XX)7X@XX)X  }C<< C($$   1  &0 d d<( 9Z &Courier RegularzC:\APPS\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPTWPC)+*_519/X+ ^"1& "+ !{#?%2A`Arial?           @DoesaSOCMI "N"?%2A`Arial?           @processunitexist #A!?%2A`Arial?           @attheplantsite?+1 $ "O"1 %O"""}" &Og!I#+ '"?%2A`Arial?           @TheCARisnotan (!?%2A`Arial?           @optionforthisplantsite. ) "?%2A`Arial?           @No *?%2A`Arial?           @Yes+ +' *+ ,)?%2A`Arial?           @Ownersoroperatorsdecide -)?%2A`Arial?           @theymaybeinterestedin . L(?%2A`Arial?           @complyingwiththeCAR.+1 /'1&1 01&&&&"1(E ^+"2bIF?%2A`Arial?           @GotoFigure2b.+1"3{Y^1""4S^$*5t\v/UXT +"6/ ?%2A`Arial?           @Theowneroroperatormust 7d ?%2A`Arial?           @complywiththeCARfor 8" h ?%2A`Arial?           @ all "9R7b ?%2A`Arial?           @ regulatedsources  : ?%2A`Arial?           @ insidethe  <5?%2A`Arial?           @ boundary  =S?%2A`Arial?           @ oftheSOCMICAR "> ?%2A`Arial?           @ unit.  ? ?%2A`Arial?           @ Yes + @+ A?%2A`Arial?           @ Doestheowneror  BM!?%2A`Arial?           @ operatorwantto  Cf]?%2A`Arial?           @ complywiththe  DX?%2A`Arial?           @ CARfor  E?%2A`Arial?           @ any  F% ?%2A`Arial?           @ regulated  G?%2A`Arial?           @ source  HD?%2A`Arial?           @ insidethe  J=?%2A`Arial?           @ boundary  K[ ?%2A`Arial?           @ ofthe  L??%2A`Arial?           @ SOCMICARunit? +1 MT 1 NT     OK~+ Pl]?%2A`Arial?           @ Thissitehaschosen  Q?%2A`Arial?           @ nottocomplywith  R?%2A`Arial?           @ theCAR. +1 S1 TQ{Q+ U{?%2A`Arial?           @ No + V^$ p+ WO?%2A`Arial?           @ Determinetheboundaries  X?%2A`Arial?           @ ofeachSOCMICARunit. +1 Yp1 Zp  1 [ 1 \+ ]?%2A`Arial?qqq        @Figure2a.HowtheCARworks,Part1.P,ChartSelectPrev,ChartSelectPrevt?   t H htppPP(OleCloseFile(tx H htpp1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 d16 d($    TABLE A(r(3~n$ H!    )XX)7X@XX)X      0  Table_D!"#$%&'( CEKQW]ems1st levelI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a) ?AGMSYaio2 levelI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a) CRight ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|xi(VH$    )XbX)7X7XX)Xb' dxd  H!   @ )XX)X@XX)X   @ o[X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXoӀ2ÖXX@ԀForfurtherinformationontheletternoticeprocess,see55FR5829,  February16,1990.#X@XÖ#Table_A'dxd<6X9`("Courier 10cpi iiiEiiUiiiiUi$lٛP Pd#% HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 5e,,,,0U}A<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5( $ Figure  1  zzzz'dxdC:\WINDOWS\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT<4 9Z .Courier New RegularC:\WINDOWS\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPTTable_B ; ~n$  )XX)7X@XX)X    1    ݀EPAspreapprovalonlyappliesiftheStateisapproving  theCARasfederallypromulgated.IftheStatewishestoapproveanalternativethatdiffersfromtheapprovedfederalCAR,thesestreamlinedprocedureswouldnotapply.RatherafullSIPrevisionrequestwouldbeneeded.However,asnotedinsectionC.,below,EPAmightbeabletousethedirectfinalprocessinprocessingsomeSIPrevisions. WPC,%C(!'n519/b+ mo $+ !#?%2A`Arial?        @Theowneroroperatormust ""?%2A`Arial?        @complywiththeCARfor # "?%2A`Arial?        @ all  $ "?%2A`Arial?        @regulatedsources % "?%2A`Arial?        @ insidethe  'X!?%2A`Arial?        @ boundary  (O!?%2A`Arial?        @oftheSOCMICARunit.+ )Z + *?%2A`Arial?        @Regulatedsourceslocatedatthesameplantsite +35?%2A`Arial?        @asaSOCMICARunitcomplyingwiththeCAR ,~?%2A`Arial?        @areeligibletocomplywiththeCAR. - ?%2A`Arial?        @Yes . (?%2A`Arial?        @ Yes + /pZ+ 0<?%2A`Arial?        @Thesitehaschosennot 1E ?%2A`Arial?        @tocomplywiththeCAR 2S?%2A`Arial?        @forregulatedsourcesthat 3?%2A`Arial?        @arenotpartofa 4?%2A`Arial?        @SOCMICARunit.+ 5 + 6 ?%2A`Arial?        @Regulatedsourcesnotlocated 7@U?%2A`Arial?        @atthesameplantsiteasa 8 ?%2A`Arial?        @SOCMICARunitcomplying 9@?%2A`Arial?        @withtheCARareineligible :'?%2A`Arial?        @tocomplywiththeCAR. ;7?%2A`Arial?        @No <?%2A`Arial????        @Figure2b.HowtheCARworks,Part2.+ =P O t + > ?%2A`Arial?        @Aretheregulatedsources ?AU?%2A`Arial?        @outsidetheSOCMICAR @ ?%2A`Arial?        @unitatthesameplantsite A?%2A`Arial?        @asaSOCMICARunit B '?%2A`Arial?        @complyingwiththeCAR?+1 C t 1 D a x 1 E1 F GP h + H?%2A`Arial?        @Doestheowneror IEe?%2A`Arial?        @operatorwanttocomply J?%2A`Arial?        @withtheCARfor Kg ?%2A`Arial?        @ any  L?%2A`Arial?        @regulatedsource M ?%2A`Arial?        @ outside "N 8?%2A`Arial?        @ theboundary  O 0?%2A`Arial?        @ofa P?%2A`Arial?        @SOCMICARunit?+1 Q h1 R h  x 1 Sp1 Tp w1 U  S1 V O  x + W?%2A`Arial?        @No+1 X'' Y'I' Z{' ' [: ' ' \ ' ' ] '> ' ^p '+ ' _+ '+ Z' `+ ('+ h& ah&h& bh&Ih& c{h& h& d: h& h& e h& h& f h&> h& gp h&+ h& h'Z' i('h&+1 jy&?%2A`Arial?        @FromFigure2a+1 k h& $1 l $ % $x %Z[o $#"^w" "w ""v_ " "w "!FzX! ">tO! "wZ u"w35u".t~"&t "t ("tpZ< "wE  "vS "s "s "s  "s@U "~s "vs@ "fs' "Vs7"6su)sP O t   "rAU "r  "r "vr ' "Table_C}{A<< C  H!   @ )XX)X@XX)X   @ o[X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXoӀ3ÖXX@Forfurtherinformationonthedirectfinalprocess,see59FR24054,  May10,1994.#X@XÖ#(x-  Z 6Times New Roman RegularzPH<<09Z+0Courier (W1) Regular<6X9`("Courier 10cpi($$   1  C:\WINDOWS\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPTLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5}{ I&mage <=8C HKKKK}{&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKKWPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information MarkerWPDraw30.DrawingZࡱ>   !"#$%&'()*+Root Entry`.@p ხOle 9WPG20,CompObjp)F! WPWin61[3] `.@pPresentations 3.0 Drawing Embed SourceWPDraw30.Drawing9q!*6WPC)+*_519/X+ ^"1& "+ !{#?%2A`Arial?           @DoesaSOCMI "N"?%2A`Arial?           @processunitexist #A!?%2A`Arial?           @attheplantsite?+1 $ "O"1 %O"""}" &Og!I#+ '"?%2A`Arial?           @TheCARisnotan (!?%2A`Arial?           @optionforthisplantsite. ) "?%2A`Arial?           @No *?%2A`Arial?           @Yes+ +' *+ ,)?%2A`Arial?           @Ownersoroperatorsdecide -)?%2A`Arial?           @theymaybeinterestedin . L(?%2A`Arial?           @complyingwiththeCAR.+1 /'1&1 01&&&&"1(E ^+"2bIF?%2A`Arial?           @GotoFigure2b.+1"3{Y^1""4S^$*5t\v/UXT +"6/ ?%2A`Arial?           @Theowneroroperatormust 7d ?%2A`Arial?           @complywiththeCARfor 8" h ?%2A`Arial?           @ all "9R7b ?%2A`Arial?           @ regulatedsources  : ?%2A`Arial?           @ insidethe  <5?%2A`Arial?           @ boundary  =S?%2A`Arial?           @ oftheSOCMICAR "> ?%2A`Arial?           @ unit.  ? ?%2A`Arial?           @ Yes + @+ A?%2A`Arial?           @ Doestheowneror  BM!?%2A`Arial?           @ operatorwantto  Cf]?%2A`Arial?           @ complywiththe  DX?%2A`Arial?           @ CARfor  E?%2A`Arial?           @ any  F% ?%2A`Arial?           @ regulated  G?%2A`Arial?           @ source  HD?%2A`Arial?           @ insidethe  J=?%2A`Arial?           @ boundary  K[ ?%2A`Arial?           @ ofthe  L??%2A`Arial?           @ SOCMICARunit? +1 MT 1 NT     OK~+ Pl]?%2A`Arial?           @ Thissitehaschosen  Q?%2A`Arial?           @ nottocomplywith  R?%2A`Arial?           @ theCAR. +1 S1 TQ{Q+ U{?%2A`Arial?           @ No + V^$ p+ WO?%2A`Arial?           @ Determinetheboundaries  X?%2A`Arial?           @ ofeachSOCMICARunit. +1 Yp1 Zp  1 [ 1 \+ ]?%2A`Arial?qqq        @Figure2a.HowtheCARworks,Part1.P,ChartSelectPrev,ChartSelectPrevt?   t H htppPP(OleCloseFile(tx H htppBOlePartOlePres000P!B9\(!  @  \B9  +  "-%brb-&Arial-- .  "Systemn--2 Does a SOCMI  -- .  --"2 }process unit exist-- .  --"2 at the plant site?- "-- $N--- %N---$NBEBN---%NBEBN--%NNN-- .  --!2 fThe CAR is not an  -- .  --02 Uoption for this plant site.-- .  -- 2 No .-- .  -- 2 Yes --%QRQRQR-- .  --.2 (^Owners or operators decide ( -- .  ---2 8ethey may be interested in 8-- .  --*2 Ggcomplying with the CAR.   G--- $RrR--- %RrR---$rfifr---%rfifr--%u.u  .u.-- .  --2 !}Go to Figure 2b. !--- $--- %---$  ---%  --%II--I-- .  --.2 ^The owner or operator must    -- .  --+2 ^comply with the CAR for    -- .  &Arial-&Arial--- 2 all--- .  ---"2 Zregulated sources   --- .  ---2  inside the  --- .  ---2 Vboundary  --- .  ---!2  of the SOCMI CAR   --- .  ---2 unit. --- .  --- 2 iYes i---%9-S9-- .  ---!2 {Does the owner or    --- .  ---2 operator want to    --- .  ---2 comply with the    --- .  ---2 mCAR for  --- .  --- 2 any--- .  ---2  regulated --- .  ---2 |source  --- .  ---2  inside the --- .  ---2 boundary  --- .  ---2  of the --- .  ---2 zSOCMI CAR unit?    ---- $SS--- %SS---$x{x---%x{x--%n n n -- .  ---%2 yThis site has chosen  --- .  ---"2 not to comply with    --- .  ---2 the CAR. ---- $-n---- %-n----$nbfbn---%nbfbn-- .  --- 2 =No P---%YWY% % WYW-- .  ---+2 =cDetermine the boundaries      =--- .  ---*2 Lcof each SOCMI CAR unit.    L---- $%--- %%---$%%---%%%--- $VV--- %VV---$svs---%svs-&Arial -- .  --@2 q&Figure 2a. How the CAR works, Part 1.          q- METAFILEPICTB9e0!B9\  @  \B9  +  "-%brb-&Arial-- .  "Systemn--2 Does a SOCMI  -- .  --"2 }process unit exist-- .  --"2 at the plant site?- "-- $N--- %N---$NBEBN---%NBEBN--%NNN-- .  --!2 fThe CAR is not an  -- .  --02 Uoption for this plant site.-- .  -- 2 No .-- .  -- 2 Yes --%QRQRQR-- .  --.2 (^Owners or operators decide ( -- .  ---2 8ethey may be interested in 8-- .  --*2 Ggcomplying with the CAR.   G--- $RrR--- %RrR---$rfifr---%rfifr--%u.u  .u.-- .  --2 !}Go to Figure 2b. !--- $--- %---$  ---%  --%II--I-- .  --.2 ^The owner or operator must    -- .  --+2 ^comply with the CAR for    -- .  &Arial-&Arial--- 2 all--- .  ---"2 Zregulated sources   --- .  ---2  inside the  --- .  ---2 Vboundary  --- .  ---!2  of the SOCMI CAR   --- .  ---2 unit. --- .  --- 2 iYes i---%9-S9-- .  ---!2 {Does the owner or    --- .  ---2 operator want to    --- .  ---2 comply with the    --- .  ---2 mCAR for  --- .  --- 2 any--- .  ---2  regulated --- .  ---2 |source  --- .  ---2  inside the --- .  ---2 boundary  --- .  ---2  of the --- .  ---2 zSOCMI CAR unit?    ---- $SS--- %SS---$x{x---%x{x--%n n n -- .  ---%2 yThis site has chosen  --- .  ---"2 not to comply with    --- .  ---2 the CAR. ---- $-n---- %-n----$nbfbn---%nbfbn-- .  --- 2 =No P---%YWY% % WYW-- .  ---+2 =cDetermine the boundaries      =--- .  ---*2 Lcof each SOCMI CAR unit.    L---- $%--- %%---$%%---%%%--- $VV--- %VV---$svs---%svs-&Arial -- .  --@2 q&Figure 2a. How the CAR works, Part 1.          q-WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information MarkerWPDraw30.Drawingfࡱ>   !"#$%&'()*+,-./01Root Entry`.@p<Ole 9WPG200CompObjp)F! WPWin61[0] `.@pPresentations 3.0 Drawing Embed SourceWPDraw30.Drawing9q*U%9WPC,%C(!'n519/b+ mo $+ !#?%2A`Arial?        @Theowneroroperatormust ""?%2A`Arial?        @complywiththeCARfor # "?%2A`Arial?        @ all  $ "?%2A`Arial?        @regulatedsources % "?%2A`Arial?        @ insidethe  'X!?%2A`Arial?        @ boundary  (O!?%2A`Arial?        @oftheSOCMICARunit.+ )Z + *?%2A`Arial?        @Regulatedsourceslocatedatthesameplantsite +35?%2A`Arial?        @asaSOCMICARunitcomplyingwiththeCAR ,~?%2A`Arial?        @areeligibletocomplywiththeCAR. - ?%2A`Arial?        @Yes . (?%2A`Arial?        @ Yes + /pZ+ 0<?%2A`Arial?        @Thesitehaschosennot 1E ?%2A`Arial?        @tocomplywiththeCAR 2S?%2A`Arial?        @forregulatedsourcesthat 3?%2A`Arial?        @arenotpartofa 4?%2A`Arial?        @SOCMICARunit.+ 5 + 6 ?%2A`Arial?        @Regulatedsourcesnotlocated 7@U?%2A`Arial?        @atthesameplantsiteasa 8 ?%2A`Arial?        @SOCMICARunitcomplying 9@?%2A`Arial?        @withtheCARareineligible :'?%2A`Arial?        @tocomplywiththeCAR. ;7?%2A`Arial?        @No <?%2A`Arial????        @Figure2b.HowtheCARworks,Part2.+ =P O t + > ?%2A`Arial?        @Aretheregulatedsources ?AU?%2A`Arial?        @outsidetheSOCMICAR @ ?%2A`Arial?        @unitatthesameplantsite A?%2A`Arial?        @asaSOCMICARunit B '?%2A`Arial?        @complyingwiththeCAR?+1 C t 1 D a x 1 E1 F GP h + H?%2A`Arial?        @Doestheowneror IEe?%2A`Arial?        @operatorwanttocomply J?%2A`Arial?        @withtheCARfor Kg ?%2A`Arial?        @ any  L?%2A`Arial?        @regulatedsource M ?%2A`Arial?        @ outside "N 8?%2A`Arial?        @ theboundary  O 0?%2A`Arial?        @ofa P?%2A`Arial?        @SOCMICARunit?+1 Q h1 R h  x 1 Sp1 Tp w1 U  S1 V O  x + W?%2A`Arial?        @No+1 X'' Y'I' Z{' ' [: ' ' \ ' ' ] '> ' ^p '+ ' _+ '+ Z' `+ ('+ h& ah&h& bh&Ih& c{h& h& d: h& h& e h& h& f h&> h& gp h&+ h& h'Z' i('h&+1 jy&?%2A`Arial?        @FromFigure2a+1 k h& $1 l $ % $x %Z[o $#"^w" "w ""v_ " "w "!FzX! ">tO! "wZ u"w35u".t~"&t "t ("tpZ< "wE  "vS "s "s "s  "s@U "~s "vs@ "fs' "Vs7"6su)sP O t   "rAU "r  "r "vr ' "BOlePartOlePres000)=DUv)  O  DU=  :V  "-%[[L.L.[-&ArialT-- .  "Systemn--.2 avThe owner or operator must  a-- .  --+2 qwcomply with the CAR for    q-- .  &ArialT-&ArialNe--- 2 pallp--- .  --!2 sregulated sources-- .  ---2  inside the--- .  ---2 cboundary--- .  --*2  of the SOCMI CAR unit.   $--%&&mcmc&-- .  --O2 <0Regulated sources located at the same plant site  K-- .  --F2 B*as a SOCMI CAR unit complying with the CAR      D-- .  --=2 `$are eligible to comply with the CAR.   %-- .  -- 2 [Yes[-- .  --- 2 Yes---%zFz  FzF-- .  --*2 The site has chosen not-- .  --(2 to comply with the CAR     -- .  --.2 for regulated sources that-- .  --!2 ,are not part of a,-- .  --2 ;SOCMI CAR unit.   ;--%r!r77!r!-- .  --32 Regulated sources not located *-- .  --02 at the same plant site as a -- .  --+2 SOCMI CAR unit complying     -- .  --02 with the CAR are ineligible  -- .  --*2 to comply with the CAR.    -- .  -- 2 LNo \-&ArialNe-- .  --@2 *&Figure 2b. How the CAR works, Part 2.          *--%DEND-- .  ---2 |Are the regulated sources -- .  --'2 outside the SOCMI CAR  -- .  --02 |unit at the same plant site  -- .  --$2 as a SOCMI CAR unit   -- .  --*2 }complying with the CAR?   - "-- $NmN--- %NmN---$mbdbm---%mbdbm--- $ErE--- %ErE---$rgjgr---%rgjgr--%DE{D-- .  --!2 Does the owner or  -- .  --*2 operator want to comply  -- .  --!2 with the CAR for  -- .  --- 2 any--- .  --!2 &}regulated source &-- .  ---2 %outside% --- .  ---2 4 the boundary4--- .  --2 5 of a5-- .  --2 CSOCMI CAR unit?   C--- $--- %---$---%--- $EzE--- %EzE---$zoroz---%zoroz--- ${{--- %{{---$---%-- .  -- 2 TNo d--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $&--- %&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $--- %--- $&--- %&-- .  --2 From Figure 2a --- $&L&--- %&L&---$LADAL---%LADAL- METAFILEPICT=~)=DU  O  DU=  :V  "-%[[L.L.[-&ArialT-- .  "Systemn--.2 avThe owner or operator must  a-- .  --+2 qwcomply with the CAR for    q-- .  &ArialT-&ArialNe--- 2 pallp--- .  --!2 sregulated sources-- .  ---2  inside the--- .  ---2 cboundary--- .  --*2  of the SOCMI CAR unit.   $--%&&mcmc&-- .  --O2 <0Regulated sources located at the same plant site  K-- .  --F2 B*as a SOCMI CAR unit complying with the CAR      D-- .  --=2 `$are eligible to comply with the CAR.   %-- .  -- 2 [Yes[-- .  --- 2 Yes---%zFz  FzF-- .  --*2 The site has chosen not-- .  --(2 to comply with the CAR     -- .  --.2 for regulated sources that-- .  --!2 ,are not part of a,-- .  --2 ;SOCMI CAR unit.   ;--%r!r77!r!-- .  --32 Regulated sources not located *-- .  --02 at the same plant site as a -- .  --+2 SOCMI CAR unit complying     -- .  --02 with the CAR are ineligible  -- .  --*2 to comply with the CAR.    -- .  -- 2 LNo \-&ArialNe-- .  --@2 *&Figure 2b. How the CAR works, Part 2.          *--%DEND-- .  ---2 |Are the regulated sources -- .  --'2 outside the SOCMI CAR  -- .  --02 |unit at the same plant site  -- .  --$2 as a SOCMI CAR unit   -- .  --*2 }complying with the CAR?   - "-- $NmN--- %NmN---$mbdbm---%mbdbm--- $ErE--- %ErE---$rgjgr---%rgjgr--%DE{D-- .  --!2 Does the owner or  -- .  --*2 operator want to comply  -- .  --!2 with the CAR for  -- .  --- 2 any--- .  --!2 &}regulated source &-- .  ---2 %outside% --- .  ---2 4 the boundary4--- .  --2 5 of a5-- .  --2 CSOCMI CAR unit?   C--- $--- %---$---%--- $EzE--- %EzE---$zoroz---%zoroz--- ${{--- %{{---$---%-- .  -- 2 TNo d--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $--- %--- $&--- %&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $&&&--- %&&&--- $--- %--- $&--- %&-- .  --2 From Figure 2a --- $&L&--- %&L&---$LADAL---%LADAL- HWPCo)UJK,eS519/f+ R+&+ !LCO+SAZ"Arial RegularO           @SubpartG-ClosedVentSystems,ControlDevices,andRoutingtoaFuelGasSystemora "&?%2A`Arial?           @Process #QAO+SAZ"Arial RegularO           @Containsconsolidatedprovisionsforcomplianceoptionscommontotheothersubparts.+1 $b 1 %  1 &4"b 4"1 '4"Q" 4"" 1 (b 1 )  1 *b 1 +   ,t-%+ -] O+SAZ"Arial RegularO           @SubpartA-GeneralProvisions$*. wEO+SAZ"Arial RegularO           @ContainsprovisionsofageneralnatureapplicabletoallsourcescomplyingwiththeCAR.+1 0x?1 1?1 2x?1 3?1 44"x4"?1 54"?Q"4""1 6x?1 7? 8?^ )?1 9C ) +1 :]  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @򀀀SubpartF-EquipmentLeaks ; ?%2A`Arial?        @Containsgeneralandequipment <F  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @componentspecificprovisionsfor =  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @detectingandrepairingequipment > ?%2A`Arial?        @leaks.+1 ?^ ? @  +1 A\  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @򀀀SubpartE-TransferRacks B  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @Containscomplianceoptionsfor CF O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @transferracks.+1 D x 1 E (    FS^ 4 ?1 GW , +1 HK  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @򀀀SubpartC-StorageVessels I ?%2A`Arial?        @Containsstoragevesselcompliance JB O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @optionsanddetailedprovisionsfor K ?%2A`Arial?        @floatingroofs.+1 L ^ h? M ` +1 N \  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @򀀀SubpartD-ProcessVents O ?%2A`Arial?        @Containsgroupdeterminationand P F  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @complianceoptionsforprocess Q ?%2A`Arial?        @vents.ANAGERyVFMALLOCxVFCALLOCw_VUNLOCKvVREALLOCu VMALLOC_SIZEtVMALLOCs_VLOCKrWPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information MarkerWPDraw30.DrawingNࡱ>   !"#$%Root Entry`.@p@lOle 9WPG20CompObjp)F! WPWin61[2] `.@pPresentations 3.0 Drawing Embed SourceWPDraw30.Drawing9qQWPCo)UJK,eS519/f+ R+&+ !LCO+SAZ"Arial RegularO           @SubpartG-ClosedVentSystems,ControlDevices,andRoutingtoaFuelGasSystemora "&?%2A`Arial?           @Process #QAO+SAZ"Arial RegularO           @Containsconsolidatedprovisionsforcomplianceoptionscommontotheothersubparts.+1 $b 1 %  1 &4"b 4"1 '4"Q" 4"" 1 (b 1 )  1 *b 1 +   ,t-%+ -] O+SAZ"Arial RegularO           @SubpartA-GeneralProvisions$*. wEO+SAZ"Arial RegularO           @ContainsprovisionsofageneralnatureapplicabletoallsourcescomplyingwiththeCAR.+1 0x?1 1?1 2x?1 3?1 44"x4"?1 54"?Q"4""1 6x?1 7? 8?^ )?1 9C ) +1 :]  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @򀀀SubpartF-EquipmentLeaks ; ?%2A`Arial?        @Containsgeneralandequipment <F  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @componentspecificprovisionsfor =  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @detectingandrepairingequipment > ?%2A`Arial?        @leaks.+1 ?^ ? @  +1 A\  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @򀀀SubpartE-TransferRacks B  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @Containscomplianceoptionsfor CF O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @transferracks.+1 D x 1 E (    FS^ 4 ?1 GW , +1 HK  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @򀀀SubpartC-StorageVessels I ?%2A`Arial?        @Containsstoragevesselcompliance JB O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @optionsanddetailedprovisionsfor K ?%2A`Arial?        @floatingroofs.+1 L ^ h? M ` +1 N \  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @򀀀SubpartD-ProcessVents O ?%2A`Arial?        @Containsgroupdeterminationand P F  O+SAZ"Arial RegularO        @complianceoptionsforprocess Q ?%2A`Arial?        @vents.ANAGERyVFMALLOCxVFCALLOCw_VUNLOCKvVREALLOCu VMALLOC_SIZEtVMALLOCs_VLOCKrBOlePartOlePres000r$Wx3J$ %   x3W3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙333333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffffff3fffffff3fff̙ffff3fffff???__ߟ߿3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f45  R  "-%___-&Arial-- .  &Arial-&Arial-"Systemn--~2 OSubpart G - Closed Vent Systems, Control Devices, and Routing to a Fuel Gas Sys            2 tem or a --&Arial -- .  &Arial$-&Arial---2 Process --- .  ---~2 OContains consolidated provisions for compliance options common to the other sub   2 parts.-- "- - $22-- - %22-- - $-- -%-- - $22-- - %22-- - $-- -%-- - $C2CC2-- - %C2CC2-- - $CFCAC-- -%CFCAC-- - $"2""2-- - %"2""2-- - $"$" "-- -%"$" "--%fdfdfd-- .  ---42 6OSubpart A - General Provisions    6--&Arial-- .  &Arial-&Arial---~2 XOContains provisions of a general nature applicable to all sources complying wit   2 X h the CAR. X--- - $dd-- - %dd-- - $-- -%-- - $"d""d-- - %"d""d-- - $"$" "-- -%"$" "-- - $dd-- - %dd-- - $-- -%-- - $CdCCd-- - %CdCCd-- - $CFCAC-- -%CFCAC--%2JJ22-- - $I-- - %I-&Arial-- .  &Arial-&Arial---72  Subpart F - Equipment Leaks --&Arial-- .  --42 Contains general and equipment $-- .  ---92 !component specific provisions for  #--- .  ---92 !detecting and repairing equipment '--- .  --2 (leaks.(--%2yy22-- - $y-- - %y-- .  ---62  Subpart E - Transfer RacksQ--- .  ---62 Contains compliance options for Y--- .  ---2 transfer racks. --- - $dd-- - %dd-- - $-- -%--%222-- - $-- - %-- .  ---92 ! Subpart C - Storage Vessels--- .  --:2 "Contains storage vessel compliance -- .  ---<2 #options and detailed provisions for --- .  --2 floating roofs.O--%222-- - $-- - %-- .  ---62  Subpart D - Process Ventsm--- .  --72 Contains group determination and -- .  ---42 compliance options for process  q--- .  --2 vents.- METAFILEPICTWR$Wx3 %   x3W3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙333333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffffff3fffffff3fff̙ffff3fffff???__ߟ߿3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3f45  R  "-%___-&Arial-- .  &Arial-&Arial-"Systemn--~2 OSubpart G - Closed Vent Systems, Control Devices, and Routing to a Fuel Gas Sys            2 tem or a --&Arial -- .  &Arial$-&Arial---2 Process --- .  ---~2 OContains consolidated provisions for compliance options common to the other sub   2 parts.-- "- - $22-- - %22-- - $-- -%-- - $22-- - %22-- - $-- -%-- - $C2CC2-- - %C2CC2-- - $CFCAC-- -%CFCAC-- - $"2""2-- - %"2""2-- - $"$" "-- -%"$" "--%fdfdfd-- .  ---42 6OSubpart A - General Provisions    6--&Arial-- .  &Arial-&Arial---~2 XOContains provisions of a general nature applicable to all sources complying wit   2 X h the CAR. X--- - $dd-- - %dd-- - $-- -%-- - $"d""d-- - %"d""d-- - $"$" "-- -%"$" "-- - $dd-- - %dd-- - $-- -%-- - $CdCCd-- - %CdCCd-- - $CFCAC-- -%CFCAC--%2JJ22-- - $I-- - %I-&Arial-- .  &Arial-&Arial---72  Subpart F - Equipment Leaks --&Arial-- .  --42 Contains general and equipment $-- .  ---92 !component specific provisions for  #--- .  ---92 !detecting and repairing equipment '--- .  --2 (leaks.(--%2yy22-- - $y-- - %y-- .  ---62  Subpart E - Transfer RacksQ--- .  ---62 Contains compliance options for Y--- .  ---2 transfer racks. --- - $dd-- - %dd-- - $-- -%--%222-- - $-- - %-- .  ---92 ! Subpart C - Storage Vessels--- .  --:2 "Contains storage vessel compliance -- .  ---<2 #options and detailed provisions for --- .  --2 floating roofs.O--%222-- - $-- - %-- .  ---62  Subpart D - Process Ventsm--- .  --72 Contains group determination and -- .  ---42 compliance options for process  q--- .  --2 vents.-,cAZ"Arial Regulara:\mae.wpdC:\WINDOWS\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT   \TABLE D  tB'  )XX)7X@XX)X  _ 0  ConsolidatedFederalAirRule(CAR):SyntheticOrganic  ChemicalManufacturingIndustry(page222of680) H!    )XX)7X@XX)X  X@XX7X@8XXdd8  _@ U.S.ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONAGENCY@ 40CFRParts60,61,63,and65@  '[AD-FRL]@  'RIN2060AG28@l l ConsolidatedFederalAirRule(CAR):@ SyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturingIndustryAGENCY:EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA).ACTION:Proposedruleandnoticeofpublichearing.SUMMARY:ThisactionproposesaconsolidatedFederalairrulefortheSyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturingIndustry(SOCMI).Thisproposedruleconsolidatesmajorportionsofthefollowingnewsourceperformancestandards(NSPS)andnationalemissionstandardsforhazardousairpollutants(NESHAP)applicabletostoragevessels,processvents,transferoperations,andequipmentleakswithintheSOCMI:40CFRpart60,subpartsA,Ka,Kb,VV,DDD,III,NNN,andRRR;40CFRpart61,subpartsA,V,Y,andBB;and40CFRpart63,subpartsA,F,G,andH.TheproposedruleisintendedtopulltogetherapplicableFederalSOCMIrulesintooneintegratedsetofrulesinordertosimplify,clarify,andimproveimplementationoftheexistingruleswithwhichsourceownersoroperatorsmustcomply.The .0*2 consolidatedruleisanoptionalcompliancealternativeforSOCMIsources;sourcesmaysimplycontinuetocomplywithexistingapplicablerulesorchoosetocomplywiththeproposedconsolidatedrule.Theeffectofthisconsolidationwillbetoimproveunderstandability,reduceburden,clarifyrequirements,andimproveimplementationandcompliance.DATES:Comments.Commentsmustbereceivedonorbefore   [insertdate75daysafterpublicationdateintheFEDERALREGISTER]. ` PublicHearing.Apublichearingwillbeheld,if ( requested,toprovideinterestedpersonsanopportunityfororalpresentationofdata,views,orargumentsconcerningtheproposedSOCMICAR.IfanyonecontactsEPArequestingtospeakatapublichearingby[insertdate30daysafterpublicationdateintheFEDERALREGISTER],apublichearingwillbeheldon[insertdate45daysafterpublicationdateintheFEDERALREGISTER],beginningat9:30a.m.PersonsinterestedinattendingthehearingshouldnotifyYvonneChandler,(919)5415627,toverifythatahearingwilloccur.Ifahearingisheld,thedocketwillremainopenfor30daysafterthehearingforthesubmissionofrebuttal -`'* orsupplementaryinformationasprovidedbysection307(d)(5)oftheCleanAirAct(Act). ` RequesttoSpeakataHearing.Personswishingto (  presentoraltestimonymustcontactYvonneChandler,EmissionStandardsDivision(MD-13),U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,N.C.,27711,telephonenumber(919)541-5627by[insertdate30daysafterpublicationdateintheFEDERALREGISTER].ADDRESSES:Comments.Commentsshouldbesubmitted(in h duplicate,ifpossible)to:AirandRadiationDocketandInformationCenter(MC6102),Attention,DocketNo.A-96-01,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,401MStreet,SW,Washington,DC,20460.TheEPArequeststhataseparatecopyalsobesenttothecontactpersonlistedbelowinthe"FORFURTHERINFORMATIONCONTACT"section. ` Commentsontheproposalmayalsobesubmittedelectronicallybysendingelectronicmail(email)to:a-and-r-docket@epamail.epa.gov.ElectroniccommentsmustbesubmittedasanASCIIfileavoidingtheuseofspecialcharactersandanyformofencryption.CommentsanddatawillalsobeacceptedondisksinWordPerfect5.1fileformatorASCIIfileformat.Allcommentsanddatain -`'* electronicformmustbeidentifiedbythedocketnumber(A-96-01).NoConfidentialBusinessInformation(CBI)shouldbesubmittedthroughelectronicmail.ElectroniccommentsonthisproposedrulemaybefiledonlineatmanyFederalDepositoryLibraries. ` Docket.Adocket,No.A9601,containinginformation `  consideredbyEPAindevelopmentoftheproposedstandardsfortheCAR,isavailableforpublicinspectionbetween8:00a.m.and4:00p.m.,MondaythroughFridayexceptforFederalholidaysatthefollowingaddress:U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,AirandRadiationDocketandInformationCenter(MC-6102),401MStreetSW,Washington,DC20460[phone:(202)260-7548].ThedocketislocatedattheaboveaddressinRoomM-1500,WatersideMall(groundfloor).Areasonablefeemaybechargedforcopying.FORFURTHERINFORMATIONCONTACT:Mr.RickColyer,EmissionStandardsDivision(MD-13),U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,N.C.,27711,telephonenumber(919)541-5262,faxnumber(919)5410942,oremail: colyer.rick@epamail.epa.gov. +%(  ` TechnologyTransferNetwork.TheTechnologyTransfer h  Network(TTN)isanetworkofEPAselectronicbulletinboards.TheTTNprovidesinformationandtechnologyexchangeinvariousareasofairpollutioncontrol.Theserviceisfreeexceptforthecostofaphonecall.Dial(919)541-5472formodemsupto14,400bitspersecond(bps).TheTTNisalsoaccessiblethroughtheInternetat"http://ttnwww.rtpnc.epa.gov."IfmoreinformationontheTTNisneeded,calltheHELPlineat(919)541-5384.SUPPLEMENTARYINFORMATION:ThefollowingoutlineisprovidedtoaidinreadingthepreambletotheproposedSOCMICAR.I.RegulatedEntitiesandBackgroundInformation ` A.RegulatedEntities ` B.BackgroundInformationII.ConsiderationsinRuleDevelopment ` A.GoalsandObjectives ` B.Participation&  III.SummaryoftheCAR ` A.Scope ` B.OverviewoftheCAR'((IV.HowtheCARWorksandIts_Structure -`'*  ` A.HowtheCARWorks ` B.StructureoftheCARV.AmendmentstotheReferencing_Subparts_ ` A.GeneralConcepts ` B.DescriptionofAmendmentsVI.SummaryoftheProposedRuleandSignificantDecisionsinRuleConsolidation0 ` A.BasisfortheCAR(OptionalImplementation) ` (#` (#  ` B.GeneralProvisions ` C.StorageVesselProvisions ` D.ProcessVentProvisions ` E.TransferRackProvisions0 ` F.EquipmentLeakProvisions ` (#` (# 0 ` G.ClosedVentSystems,ControlDevices,andRoutingtoaFuelGasSystemoraProcess ` (#` (#  ` H.Monitoring,Recordkeeping,andReportingVII.DelegationoftheCARtoStateAuthorities ` A.ApprovaloftheCARasanAlternativeComplianceApproach ` B.PolicyonDelegationoftheCARVIII.IncorporatingCARRequirementsintotheTitleVPermit -`'* IX.ExtensionoftheConsolidationtoIncludetheStateImplementationPlan ` A.Pre-ApprovaloftheCARasMeetingtheCleanAirActReasonablyAvailableControlTechnologyRequirement ` B.EPAApprovaloftheCARasanAlternativeComplianceMeasurefortheStateImplementationPlan ` C.ExpeditedStateImplementationPlanApprovalsforIncorporationoftheCARasaReasonablyAvailableControlTechnologyComplianceOption ` D.StreamliningofOverlappingStateImplementationPlan,NewSourcePerformanceStandards,andNationalEmissionStandardHazardousAirPollutantsRequirementsintheTitleVPermittingProcessX.SummaryofBenefitsandOtherImpactsXI.AdditionalAmendmentstoEquipmentLeakReferencing_Subparts_ ` A.Closed-VentSystemsandControlDevices ` B.SamplingConnectionSystems ` C.StandardsforControlDevicesandRecoverySystems ` D.SafetyConsiderationsXII.SolicitationofSpecificCommentsXIII.AdministrativeRequirements -`'*  ` A.PublicHearing ` B.Docket ` C.PaperworkReductionAct ` D.ExecutiveOrder12866 ` E.RegulatoryFlexibilityAct0 ` F.UnfundedMandates ` (#` (#  ` G.EnhancingtheIntergovernmentalPartnershipUnderExecutiveOrder12875 ` H.CleanAirAct ` I.NationalTechnologyTransferandAdvancementAct ` J.ExecutiveOrder13045iiiX@XXX@ ` K.ExecutiveOrder13084:Consultationand  CoordinationwithIndianTribalGovernments#X@XXX@"#i  &  I.RegulatedEntitiesandBackgroundInformation ` 0 ` A.RegulatedEntities ` (#` (#  ` T'#heregulatedcategoryandentitiespotentiallyaffectedbythisactioninclude:  h$  * ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,FdT ,dd +  -zz h P(-& D  Category 6zzz#dzz 6Examplesofregulatedentities Hzzz7#d d( P zzz P8HIndustry 6zzzz#Hzzz 6Syntheticorganicchemicalmanufacturingindustryunits.Forexample,producersofbenzene,toluene,oranyotherchemicallistedintable1of40CFRpart63,subpartF,andanyotherchemicalmanufacturingprocessunitidentifiedinanapplicablesubpartthatreferencestheuseofthispart.Producersofpolypropylene,polyethylene,polystyrene,orpoly(ethylene_terephthalate_).Producersofvinylchlorideandpolyvinylchloride.Volatileorganiccompoundstoragevessels.Benzenestoragevessels.Benzenetransferoperations.Equipment(valves,pumps,connectors,etc.)inbenzeneservice.3)' d8 P  zzzz 3'D% ` Thistableisnotintendedtobeexhaustive,butrather,toprovideaguideforentitieslikelytoqualifytoimplementthisaction.ThistableliststhetypesofentitiesthatEPAisnowawarecouldpotentiallyqualifytoimplementthisaction.Todeterminewhetheryourfacilitywillqualifytoimplementthisaction,youshouldcarefullyexaminetheapplicabilitycriteriain40CFRpart60_subparts_ԁKa,Kb,_VV_,_DDD_,III,_NNN_,and_RRR_;40CFRpart61,_subparts_ԀV,Y,andBB;and40CFRpart63,_subparts_ԁF,G, .'+ andH.Ifyouhavequestionsregardingtheapplicabilityofthisactiontoaparticularentity,consultthepersonlistedinthepreceding"FORFURTHERINFORMATIONCONTACT"section. ` B.BackgroundInformation ` Overthepast25years,EPAhasissuedaseriesofFederalairregulations,manyofwhichaffectthesameplantsite.Asaresult,manyfacilitiesarenowsubjecttomultipleFederalrulesapplyingtodifferentemissionpoints.Eachrulehasitsownemissioncontrolrequirementsaswellasmonitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingrequirements.Althoughtheserulesweredevelopedfordifferentpurposes,underdifferentstatutoryauthorities,andapplytodifferentpollutants,theymayimposemany_duplicative_Ԁornear_duplicative_Ԁrequirementsonaplantsite,thuscomplicatingimplementationofandcompliancewiththeserules. ` OnMarch16,1995PresidentClintonandVicePresidentGoreannouncedseveralinitiativesaimedatreinventingenvironmentalregulation.OneofthoseinitiativeswastoconsolidateFederalairrules,sothatallFederalairrulesforanysingleindustrywouldbeincorporatedintoasingle -`'* _rule.Thisrulewouldconsistof"...onesetofemissionlimitations,monitoring,andrecordkeepingandreportingrequirements." ` TheEPAselectedtheFederalairrulesapplyingtotheSOCMIforapilotprojecttostudythefeasibilityandpracticalimplicationsofconsolidatingandstreamliningexistingrules,andtoestablishaworkableprocessforconsolidationthatcanthenbeappliedtootherconsolidationeffortsinthefuture.TheSOCMIwasselectedasthepilotbecauseofthelargenumberofsimilarFederalairregulationsthatcanapplyatasinglelocation.TheSOCMIissubjecttoNSPSandNESHAPundertheAct,aswellastoResourceConservationandRecoveryAct(RCRA)airstandards.Therulesforagiventypeofemissionpointrequireapplicationofcontrolswithsimilarcontrolefficienciesandincludesimilardesign,equipment,oroperatingstandards.However,thestandardsdifferintheirapplicabilityandinsomeoftheircontrol,monitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingrequirements.Additionally,boththeSOCMIandStateairpollutioncontrolagencieshave expressedgreatinterestinconsolidationofapplicable +%( FederalairrequirementstotheextentpossibleforeasierincorporationintotitleVoperatingpermits.  ` Forthesereasons,EPAbelievesthatconsolidationoftherequirementsofthevariousrulesintoonerulewouldgreatlybenefitboththeindustryandgovernmentenforcementagencies.Itisbelievedthatsuchconsolidationwouldimprovecomplianceandenforceabilityandreduceresourceneeds.&  II.ConsiderationsinRuleDevelopment h  ` A.GoalsandObjectives ` 'h87Thefollowinggoalsandobjectiveswereestablishedfordevelopingthisproposedconsolidation: ` (1)Reduceregulatoryburdenbyconsolidatingandsimplifyingrequirementsandeliminatingduplicativerequirements. ` (2)Facilitateimplementationandcompliancebymakingtherequirementseasiertounderstandandincorporatingstreamlinedcomplianceapproachesfromthemostrecentrules. ` (3)ConsolidatethepresentsystemofFederalairrulesthatapplytoSOCMIfacilitiesintoasinglerulewithoutcompromisingenvironmentalprotectionand -`'* enforceabilitybymaintainingthesameapplicabilityandthesameorgreateremissioncontrollevelsastheunderlyingrules. ` ItisnotEPAsintenttoaltertheapplicabilityoftheunderlyingrules.Thus,onlysourcesalreadysubjecttoanunderlyingrulewouldbeaffectedbytheCAR.Likewise,nosourcesubjecttoanunderlyingrulewouldbecomeexemptundertheCAR.Inaddition,regardlessofwhicheligiblesourceschoosetocomplywiththeCAR,implementationoftheCARwillnotresultingreateremissions.Rather,greateremissionreductionswouldbelikelysinceallsourceschoosingtocomplywiththeCARwouldberaisedtothesamelevelofcontrol.Itisanticipatedthat,duetotheburdenreductionaffordedbytheCAR,sourceswillchoosetocomplywiththeCARdespitepotentialincreasesinstringencyoversomeprovisionsintheunderlyingrules. ` Asabasisfortheconsolidationeffort,EPArecognizedthatstrategiesandapproachestoregulatingspecifictypesofemissionpoints,suchasstoragetanksorequipmentleaks,haveevolvedandimprovedoverthe25yearsofSOCMIruledevelopment.Forthemostpart,thereferencingsubpartshavenotbeensubstantiallyrevisedsince -`'* promulgation,otherthanadministrativechanges.IndevelopingtheCAR,EPAhasfocusedonprovisionsthatreflectthemostcurrentandeffectiveapproachestoemissioncontrolaswellastheclearestandmostconciselanguage.Burdenreductionwasalsoamajorthemeintheconsolidationprocess,andeachprovisionwasexaminedcloselyforpotentialburdenreduction.Particularscrutinywasgiventoprovisionsdealingwithmonitoring,recordkeeping,andreporting.Moreover,reducingthenumberofapplicablerules,inandofitself,isasourceofadditionalburdenreduction.TheEPAbelievesthatcreationofaconsolidatedairrulearoundthesegoalsandobjectiveswillleadtoimprovedcomplianceandimplementationfortheSOCMIindustry.&   ` B.Participation ` TheEPAsstrategyforconsolidationincluded' BsignificantparticipationbyaffectedpartiesoutsidetheAgency.TheEPAapproachedtheChemicalManufacturersAssociation(CMA),whichrepresentstheSOCMI,todiscusstheconceptofaconsolidatedSOCMIruleandtocontributeideasforestablishingsucharule.TheCMAreadilysupportedtheconceptofconsolidationandvolunteered -`'* resourcestoassistintheproject.AirpollutionagenciesinStateswherethemajorityofSOCMIfacilitiesarelocatedandnationalenvironmentalgroupswerealsoinvited.SomeStatesandenvironmentalgroupsdeclineddirectinvolvementduetoresourceconstraintsandalsoduetothefactthattheapplicabilityoftheunderlyingruleswouldnotchange,andtheoverallstringencyoftheunderlyingruleswouldnotbediminished. ` Inaddition,anextendedgroupofotherinterestedpartiesconsistingofrepresentativesfromindustrieswithsimilaremissionsandemissionpointsastheSOCMI,environmentalgroups,andStateagencieswaskeptinformedthroughcorrespondenceandmeetings.ThisextendedgroupwasbriefedandaskedtoprovideinputperiodicallyduringdevelopmentoftheproposedCAR.IndustriesandorganizationsrepresentedinthisgroupwouldnotnecessarilybeaffectedbytheCARbutareinterestedintheoutcometodeterminewhetherasimilarconsolidationeffortwouldbebeneficialfortheirinterests.Thisgroupincludesthefollowinginterestedparties:0 ` "0 ` (#` (#StateandTerritorialAirPollutionProgram +%( Administrators/AssociationofLocalAirPollutionControlOfficials(STAPPA/ALAPCO)andotherStateairpollutionagencies.P(+ (# (# Ї0 ` "0 ` (#` (#SyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturers h Association  (# (# 0 ` "0 ` (#` (#NaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil8  (# (# 0 ` "0 ` (#` (#AmericanPetroleumInstitute  (# (# 0 ` "0 ` (#` (#IndependentLiquidTerminalsAssociation  (# (# 0 ` "0 ` (#` (#NationalPetroleumRefinersAssociationp  (# (# 0 ` "0 ` (#` (#SocietyofPlasticsInstituteP  (# (# Nogroupshavebeenpurposelyexcludedfromtheprocess,andcommentonthisproposaliswelcomefromanyinterestedparty. ` TheEPAconvenedmeetingswithaffectedpartiesonanasneededbasisroughlyonceeveryonetotwomonths.Attheearliermeetings,goals,objectives,andbasicprinciplesofconsolidationwereformulated.Subsequentmeetingsaddressedtechnicalissues,comparisonsofsimilarprovisions,enforcementissues,andidentificationofburdenreductionopportunities.Ultimately,theworkgroupprovidedwellbalancedandinformedinputforEPAtodevelopatechnicallyfeasibleandenforceableconsolidatedrule.&  III.SummaryoftheCAR )"%  ` Thissectionofthepreambleprovidesageneral ')_NoverviewoftheCAR.Moredetaileddiscussionsand ,p&) rationalefortheCARsprovisionsareincludedinsectionsIV,V,andVIofthispreamble.  ` A.Scope ` Oneofthefirstdecisionsrequiredfortheconsolidationeffortaddressedwhichregulationswouldbeconsolidated.Manyoptionswereconsidered,butEPAeventuallydecidedtolimitthescopeofthepilotSOCMICARtotheFederalregulationslistedintable1.ThesearetheFederalCleanAirActrulesthataffecttheSOCMIandthatareconsolidatedintheCAR.TheEPAdeterminedthatthisscopewasbroadenoughtoprovidesignificantbenefits,butwelldefinedenoughtoensureareasonablechanceofsuccessasapilotproject.   @ @TABLE1.SCOPE:RULESCONSOLIDATEDINTHESOCMICAR*r ddFdT Fdd (#(#r, dd +  /" H p/40CFRpart60,subparts: E;, p  HxE0 A:0 " "GeneralProvisionsX  " " 0 Ka:0 " "PetroleumLiquidsStorage H a0H  H  " " 0 Kb:0 " "VolatileOrganicLiquidStorage 8 a08  8  " " 0 VV:0 " "SOCMIEquipmentLeaks ( a0(  (  " " 0 DDD:0 " "CertainPolymersandResinsProcessvents a0  " " 0 III:0 " "SOCMIAirOxidationProcessVentspa0p  " " 0 NNN:0 " "SOCMIDistillationProcessVents`  a0 `   " " 0 RRR:0 " "SOCMIReactorProcessVentsP  a0 P  Cz6  " " x H C40CFRpart61,subparts:0 A:0 " "GeneralProvisions@  " " 0 V:0 " "EquipmentLeaks(forbenzeneandvinyl 0 chloride) a0   " " 0 Y:0 " "BenzeneStoragexa0x " " 0 BB:0 " "BenzeneTransferha0h [zJ6 " "  z 0[40CFRpart63,subparts:0 A:0 " "GeneralProvisionsX " " 0 F:0 " "SOCMIApplicabilityH " " 0 G:0 " "SOCMIStorage,Transfer,andProcessVents8a088 " " 0 H:0 " "SOCMIEquipmentLeaks(a0(F<:( " " 0 0  z F 8 a08  ThesesubpartscontainproposedlanguagethatrefersreaderstotheSOCMICARasanoptionalmeansofcompliance.Thus,thesesubpartsarereferredtoas"referencingsubparts." ` SyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturingIndustryrulesunderotherauthorities(forexample,RCRA),proposedrules,andrulespotentiallysubjecttosignificantchanges(forexample,wastewaterhazardousorganicNESHAP)werenotincludedinthispiloteffort.TheEPA'sintentwastokeep X-&' theruledevelopmentprocessmanageableinordertodevelopapracticalCARinareasonableamountoftime.IftheSOCMICARiswidelyperceivedasusefultoindustryandtoenforcementagencies,EPAwillconsidertheseotherSOCMIrulesforconsolidationatalaterdate. ` TheEPAalsoconsideredthefollowingrulesforsimilarinclusion:40CFRpart60,subpartsGGGforpetroleumrefineryequipmentleaksandKKKforonshorenaturalgasprocessingequipmentleaks,and40CFRpart63,subpartIforcertainprocessessubjecttothenegotiatedregulationforequipmentleaks.AlthoughtheserulesdorefersubjectsourcestotheCAR'sreferencingsubparts,theydonotcoverSOCMIsources.Therefore,EPAdecidednottoallowsourcessubjecttotheserulestocomplywiththeCAR.ThisdecisionreflectsEPAsdecisiontolimitthecoverageoftheCARtobetterassesstheeffects,enforcement,andimplementationoftheconsolidation. ` Thevastmajorityoffacilitiesaffectedbytherulesintable1areSOCMIfacilities;butsomerulesalsoaffectnon-SOCMIsources.Forexample,40CFRpart60,subpartsKaandKbapplytostoragevesselswithinSOCMIprocessunitsaswellasthoseinnonSOCMIapplicationssuchas -`'* refineriesandbulkstoragefacilities.SubpartDDDof40CFRpart60(forcertainpolymersandresinsproductionprocessvents)wasincludedintheconsolidationbecausetheseproductionunitsareoftenlocatedatthesamefacilitiesasSOCMIunits.Theprocessventsfortheseproductionunitsareoftenshared,andthecontrolmethodsandrequirementsarevirtuallyidentical.Theconsolidatedpart61subpartsforequipmentleaksandforbenzenestorageandtransferalsoapplytobothSOCMIandnonSOCMIfacilities.Theconsolidatedpart63rulesapplysolelytoSOCMIfacilities.TheCARisdesignedprimarilyforSOCMIprocesses,althoughco-locatednon-SOCMIsourcesmightalsotakeadvantageoftheCARundercertaincircumstances.SectionIIIofthispreambleincludesfurtherdiscussionofwhichsourcesmaychoosetocomplywiththeCAR. ` TheEPAisalsoproposingconsolidatedgeneralprovisionsfortheCARbycombiningapplicablerequirementsfromthe40CFRparts60,61,and63generalprovisions.TheseconsolidatedgeneralprovisionswouldbecomeapplicableonceasourcebecomessubjecttotheCAR. Generalprovisionsareincludedintheconsolidationsothat +%( theCARwillcontainallrelevantprovisions,withcertainnotedexceptions,forsourcescomplyingwiththeCAR. &   ` B.OverviewoftheCAR ` TheCARisbeingproposedasanewpart,40CFRpart65,sincetherulesbeingconsolidatedare'( hlocatedacrossthreedifferentpartsof40CFR(parts60,61,and63).TheproposedCARcomprisessubpartsAthroughGofpart65.Part65willcontainanyfutureconsolidatedFederalairrules,aswell. ` TheCARisproposedasanoptionalcompliancemethodforsourcesthataresubjecttooneofthereferencingsubparts.Theterm"referencingsubpart(s)"isusedthroughout40CFRpart65andreferstotheSOCMIregulationssubjecttothefootnoteintable1.TheCARisdesignedtoincludeallormostoftheapplicableprovisionsforasourcethatchoosestousetheCARasacompliancemethod.SourcesthatarenoteligibleorthatchoosenottocomplywiththeCARwillcontinuetocomplywiththeapplicablereferencingsubpartswithnochangeincompliancerequirements. ` CompliancewiththeCARisallowedonaSOCMICARunit(SCU)basis.AnSCUisanalogoustothetypesofprocess -`'* unitsdefinedinthereferencingsubparts,andwasdevelopedspecificallytodescribethecollectionofequipmentandemissionpointsthatareeligibletochoosetheCARasacompliancemethod.Theterm"SOCMICARunit"isdefinedintheproposedpart65generalprovisions(SubpartA)andisfurtherdescribedinsectionIV.Aofthispreamble.Undercertainconditions,emissionpointsthatarenotpartofanSCU,butaresubjecttooneofthereferencingsubparts,mayalsochoosetocomplywiththeCAR.TheseconditionsarefurtherdescribedinsectionIV.A. ` Applicability.TheCARdoesnotalterapplicability ( foranysource.SourcesmaychoosetocomplywiththeCARonlywhentheyaresourcessubjecttoareferencingsubpartandspecificallyreferredtotheCARbythatsubpart.Conversely,emissionpointsorequipmentthatarenotsubjecttoanyreferencingsubpartscannotbecomesubjectthroughanyprovisionintheCAR. ` AlongwiththeproposedCAR,todaysnoticeproposeschangestothereferencingsubparts.Theseproposedchangesadd"pointers"totheCARineachreferencingsubpart.ThepointersareadditionstotheapplicabilitysectionsthatspecifywhichsourcesmaytakeadvantageoftheCAR_and -`'* which_subparts_Ԁofpart65wouldapplytoeachtypeofemissionpoint. ` NewsourcesthatbecomesubjecttoareferencingsubpartwillconsulttheapplicabilityprovisionsofthatreferencingsubparttodetermineeligibilitytocomplywiththeCAR.Ifanewsourceispartofan_SCU_ԀthatisimplementingtheCAR,thenewsourcemustalsoimplementtheCAR,ortheentire_SCU_Ԁ(existingandnewcomponents)mustoptnottoimplementtheCARandcomplywiththeapplicablereferencingsubpart(s)instead.Furtherdiscussionof_SCUs_andoptionsforchoosingtocomplywiththeCARispresentedinsection_IV.A_Ԁofthispreamble. ` _Subparts_ԀoftheCAR.Figure1illustratesthe  structureoftheCAR_subparts_.SubpartAcontainstheCARsgeneralprovisions,whichapplytoallsourcescomplyingwiththeCAR.Thegeneralprovisionscoverapplicabilityanddefinitions;thegeneralrequirementsforcompliance,performancetests,monitoring,recordkeeping,andreporting;administrativesubjects.NotethatsomegeneralrequirementspertainingtoContinuousParameterMonitoringSystems(_CPMS_)arelocatedinsubpartGoftheCAR.  +%( _XTRP$'3 Letter LandscapeX3' Letter'3 Letter Landscape3'T O qv=-)b|>0 ` @E>0dv/"Vqm9 )%`|0*k* `o)UE***m   ..                                                                  ..  X< XXX@  Figure1.StructureoftheCAR.#X@X XX<{#     "  XTRX3' LetterP$'3 Letter Landscape3' Letter'3 Letter LandscapeT   ` EachofsubpartsCthroughFoutlinesthecompliance h optionsforaparticulartypeofemissionpoint.(SubpartBisreserved.)0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  SubpartCstoragevessels,  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  SubpartDprocessvents,  (# (#  ` ra"0  SubpartEtransferracks,and`  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  SubpartFequipmentleaks.@  (# (# SubpartsCthroughFalsocontaintheemissioncontrolrequirementsforsomeofthesecomplianceoptions,andtheassociatedcompliance,monitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingrequirementsspecifictothosecontroloptions.However,ifanowneroroperatorchoosestocomplybyeither(1)aclosed-ventsystemandaddoncontroldevice,or(2)routingtoafuelgassystemortoaprocessasacomplianceoption,thesourceisfurtherreferredtosubpartG.SubpartGcontainstheemissioncontrolrequirementsforclosed-ventsystems,controldevices,androutingtoafuelgassystemorprocess,includingtheassociatedtesting,monitoring,datahandling,reportingandrecordkeepingrequirements,andgeneralrequirementsrelatedtoCPMS.IV.HowtheCARWorksandItsStructure -`'*  ` TheCARisanoptionalcompliancemethodforsourcessubjecttothereferencingsubpartslistedintable1ofthispreamble.TheCARisdesignedsothat,onceanowneroroperatorhaschosentocomplywiththeCARforaparticularsource,mostoftherelevantprovisionsforthatsourcearecontainedinpart65.CompliancewiththeCARisallowedforthecollectionofequipmentthatmeetsthedefinitionofanSCU.Inaddition,sourcesthatarenotpartofanSCUmayalsochoosetocomplywiththeCARiftheyare(1)subjecttooneofthereferencingsubparts,and(2)locatedatthesameplantsitewithanSCUthatiscomplyingwiththeCAR.Therefore,anowneroroperatorofaSOCMIfacilitymaychoosetocomplywiththeCARforallorsomeoftheregulatedsourcessubjecttothereferencingsubpartsatthefacility. ` ThissectionofthepreambledescribeswhocanusetheCAR,whatpartofafacilitycancomplywiththeCAR,andhowthepartsofthefacilitythatcancomplywiththeCARaredelineated.Therationaleforthesedecisionsisalso explained. *#& &     ` A.HowtheCARWorks h  ` Figures2aand2bpresentathoughtprocessthatmight 'h'typicallybeusedbyanowneroroperatorwhendeterminingwhethertheCARisrightfortheirfacility.Thissectionofthepreamblestepsthroughthesefiguresandeachoftheirdecisionpoints.Indoingso,howtheCARworksandtherationalebehindtheCARandit'sfacetsaredescribed.    ku7'#`<\, `+Eh))=:*k !(#!(#(#(# h!(#!(# k7'#`<( `%B(Eh((Rq)k #(##(#(#(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# #(##(##(##(# -`'*#(##(#  ` WhatisSOCMI?Asshowninfigures2aand2b,oncean h owneroroperatordecidesthattheCARmaybeofinterest(i.e.,theyaresubjecttosomereferencingsubpartsandarewonderingwhatthenextstepis),thefirstconsiderationwouldbewhetherornotthefacilityisaSOCMIfacility.Asdiscussedpreviously,theCARonlyappliestoSOCMIfacilities.IntheCAR,aSOCMIfacilityisconsideredanyfacilitythatissubjectto40CFRpart60,subpartIII,NNN,orRRRortheHON;orafacilitythatwouldhavebeensubjecttosubpartIII,NNN,orRRRhadconstructionoftheregulatedsourcecommencedaftertheapplicabilitydateofoneoftheserules. ` IndeterminingwhatshouldconstituteaSOCMIfacilityintheCAR,EPAdecidedthataSOCMIfacilityshouldbeanyfacilitythatconsidersitselfpartofthatindustry.TheEPAreasonedthatafacilitywouldconsideritselfaSOCMIfacilityifitwassubjecttoanyoftheSOCMIrules.TheSOCMIrulesare:40CFRpart60,subpartsIII,NNN,RRR,andVV(theNSPS),and40CFRpart63,subpartsGandH[theHazardousOrganicNESHAP(HON)].DefiningaSOCMIfacilityasanyfacilitythatissubjecttooneoftheserulesisasimplematter.However,EPAalsoreasonedthatsome -`'* facilitiesmaynothavetriggeredaSOCMINSPSortheHONbutwouldconsiderthemselvesSOCMIbecauseofthechemicalstheyproduce.Forexample,crotonicacidisachemicalthatisregulatedaspartoftheSOCMIunder40CFRpart60,subpartsVV,III,andNNN,butnotregulatedaspartoftheSOCMIundertheHON.Thus,afacilityproducingcrotonicacidmaynottriggertheNSPSrules,butstillwouldconsideritselfpartoftheSOCMIbecauseitproducesaSOCMIchemical.Therefore,EPAalsoconsideredfacilitiestobeSOCMIfacilitiesiftheycouldtriggeraSOCMINSPSwithamodificationorreconstruction.TheEPAconsideredthisareasonabledecisionsincemanynonSOCMIfacilitiescouldeasilymakeachangethatwouldtriggeraSOCMINSPS.TheEPAdecidedthatthisconceptwouldbestberepresentedintheSOCMIdefinitionbasedupontheconstructiondateofthefacility.Thisconceptishandledinthedefinitionwiththefollowingphrase:"...ifconstructionoftheregulatedsourcehadcommencedaftertheapplicabilitydateoftheSOCMINSPS." ` WhatisaSOCMICARunit?Thebasicunitfor *#& determiningCARapplicabilityistheSCU.Thisnewtermisneededinordertoclearlydesignateanddescribethe -`'* particularcombinationofemissionpointsthatareeligibletocomplywiththeCAR.ThedefinitionofSCUismodeledafterthedefinitionof"chemicalmanufacturingprocessunit(CMPU)"intheHON.TheproposedCARdefinesanSCUastheequipmentassembledandconnectedbypipesorductstoprocessrawmaterialsandtomanufactureanintendedproduct.ThedefinitiongoesontoexplainthatthebasiccomponentofanSCUis:0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  aprocessventsubjectto40CFRpart60, h subpartIII,NNN,orRRR(thereferencingsubpartsthatareNSPSforSOCMIprocessvents);or  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  equipmentsubjectto40CFRpart60,subpartVV ( (thereferencingsubpartthatistheNSPSforSOCMIequipmentleaks);  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  aCMPUthatissubjecttotheSOCMIHON. (# (# Withoutatleastoneofthesebasiccomponents,thereisnoSCU.TheSCUalsoincludesstoragevessels,transferoperations,andequipmentleakemissionpointsthatareassociatedwithanSCUandarealsosubjecttoareferencingsubpart.TheEPAreasonedthatinmakingtheCARoptionalandtherebyprovidingmoreflexibilitytoindustry,theymightincreasethecomplexityofimplementingtheCARforregulatoryauthorities.ThisisbecauseinspectorswouldhavetoknowallofthereferencingsubpartsandtheCAR, -`'* andalsounderstandwhichrulethefacilityhadchosentocomplywithforeachemissionpoint.Tooffsetthispotentialincreaseincomplexity,EPAdecidedthatfacilitieswouldhavetheoptiontocomplywiththeCAR,butmustdosoatleastonaprocessunitbasissoastoincludeasignificantportionofthefacility. ` Aprocessunitisasmallenoughcollectionofemissionpointsandequipmenttoprovideoperationalflexibilitytothefacility,butisalargeenoughcollectiontoavoidconfusionandundueburdenforregulatoryauthorities.Furthermore,SOCMIfacilitiesaretypicallymanagedonaprocessunitbasis.Therefore,identifyingprocessunitsandcomplyingwiththesamemonitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingrequirementsbyprocessunitwouldbeconsistentwithexistingmanagementactivities.However,sincetheterm"processunit"hasmanydifferentmeaningsandconnotationsacrossthereferencingsubparts,EPAdecideditwouldbebettertodefineanewtermfortheCARSCUwaschosen. ` AssigningequipmenttoaSOCMICARunit.Allstorage *#& vessels,processvents,ortransferracksconnectedtooroperatingwithanSCUarenotnecessarilypartofthatSCU. -`'* WhetherornotparticularemissionpointsorequipmentarepartofanSCUisdeterminedbytheassignmentproceduresprescribedintheproposedCARgeneralprovisions.AssignmentproceduresareprescribedforemissionpointsthatarecommonlysharedbetweenSCUs;theseincludestoragevessels,transferracks,anddistillationcolumnswhichhaveprocessvents.Ingeneral,theseassignmentproceduresfollowcommonsensedecisionsastotheprimarypurposeoftheequipment.Forexample,ifastoragetankisdedicatedtoanSCU,thenitisclearlypartofthatSCU.Similarly,ifthestoragevesselissharedamongSCUsandotherprocessunits,itspredominantusedeterminesitsassignment.TheassignmentproceduresareusedtodrawtheSCUboundarylinesattheplantsite.TheyaremodeledaftertheassignmentproceduresintheHON. ` AnadditionalHONprovisionincludedintheCARprovidesflexibilityforequipmentleaksources.Ifitemsofequipment(forexample,pumps,valves,connectors)thatareassignedtoaparticularSCUaremanagedbydifferentadministrativeorganizationsfromtherestoftheSCU,thoseitemsofequipmentmaybereassignedtoasimilarlyadministeredSCU. -`'*  ` ManyexistingNESHAPalsocontainassignmentproceduresfordeterminingapplicabilityonaprocessunitbasis.UndertheCAR,therefore,forSCUsthatarealsooneofthefollowingtypesofprocessunits,theboundaryordefinedlimitoftheSCUdefaultstothatestablishedforthefollowingtypesofprocessunits:0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  CMPUasdefinedintheHON,@  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  elastomerproductprocessunit(EPPU)asdefined   in40CFRpart63,subpartU;  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  thermoplasticproductprocessunit(TPPU)as X definedin40CFRpart63,subpartJJJ;  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  petroleumrefineryproductprocessunit(PRPU)as ( definedin40CFRpart63,subpartCC.  (# (# TransferoperationswillstillneedtobeassignedtoEPPUs,TPPUs,andPRPUsusingtheCAR'sassignmentprocedures,sincetherulesinwhichtheseprocessunitsaredefineddonotincludeproceduresforassigningtransferoperationstoprocessunits. ` ACMPUthatissubjecttotheHONis,bydefinition,anSCU.Theothertypesofprocessunitsnotedabove(EPPU,TPPU,andPRPU)wouldbeanSCUonlyiftheyincludeaprocessventorequipmentthatissubjecttooneoftheSOCMINSPSreferencingsubparts(i.e.,40CFRpart60,subpartIII,NNN,RRR,orVV),orthatwouldhavebeen .P(+ subjecttooneofthesereferencingsubpartshadconstructionbegunaftertheSOCMINSPSsubparts'respectiveapplicabilitydates. ` OptingtocomplywiththeCAR.Asshownonfigures2a   and2b,oncethefacilitydeterminestheSCUboundaries,thenextconsiderationiswhetherornotcompliancewiththeCARisdesirableforanypartoftheSCU.Inmakingthisdecision,thefacilitymustkeepinmindthatcompliancewiththeCARisallowedanSCUbasisonly.Therefore,ifthefacilityoperatordecidesthatcomplyingwiththeCARwouldbebeneficialforanypartoftheSCU(forexample,thestoragevessels),eitherallregulatedsourcesoftheSCUmustcomplywiththeCAR,orallmustregulatedsourcescontinuetocomplywiththeirrespectiveapplicablereferencingsubpart.WithinanSCU,ownersoroperatorsmaynotchoosetocomplywiththeCARforsomeemissionpointswhilecontinuingtocomplywiththereferencingsubpartsforotheremissionpoints.Furthermore,ifafacilityoperatorhaschosentocomplywiththeCARforaparticularSCU,thenallexistingandnewregulatedsourcesthataresubjectto referencingsubpartsmustcomplywiththeCAR.This +%( includesanyfutureadditionstotheSCUoranychangesthattriggernewsourcerequirements.  ` Insomecircumstances,theCARcanapplytononSOCMIemissionpointsorequipment.TheproposedCARallowsnonSOCMIemissionpointsthatare(1)subjecttooneofthereferencingsubparts,and(2)locatedataplantsitewithanSCUthatiscomplyingwiththeCARtoalsocomplywiththeCAR.Forexample,apetrochemicalplantcontainingoneormoreSCUswouldalsoincludeanumberofnonSOCMIemissionpoints,suchaspetroleumorpetroleumproductsstoragevessels,ornonSOCMIbenzenetransferracks.ThesenonSOCMIemissionpointswouldbesubjecttothesamerulesbeingconsolidatedfortheSOCMIindustry,suchas40CFRpart60,subpartsKa,Kb,orY,and40CFRpart61,subpartsBBandV.Therefore,thesourceoperatorwouldbeallowedtoapplytheCARtoanyorallsuchaffectednonSOCMIemissionpoints,thusconsolidatingandsimplifyinganotherwisecomplexmonitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingmanagementsystem. ` TheEPAwantstoensurethat,ifafacilitychoosestoimplementtheCAR,asignificantportionofthefacilityisincluded.TheEPAintendstoencouragetheuseoftheCAR -`'* butwithoutcausingconfusionconcerningapplicability.Byrequiring,ataminimum,anentireSCUtoimplementtheCARbeforenon-SOCMIpointscanoptin,areasonablebalanceisestablishedtoallownonSOCMIpointsintotheCAR.TheEPAdecidedthat,ifafacilityhasmadethedecisiontousetheCAR,itshouldhavetheadditionalbenefitofusingtheCARforotheremissionpointsorequipmentatthefacilitythataresubjecttoareferencingsubpart.Thisisalogicaldecisionsincecontrolequipmentandclosed-ventsystemsoftenaresharedamongemissionpointsoracrossSCUboundaries.Inaddition,EPAreasonedthatthisdecisionwouldfacilitateimplementation,becauseifmoreemissionpointsarecomplyingwiththeCARatafacility,thenfewerregulationswillapplytothesite,andfewerdifferenceswillexistincompliance,andrecordkeepingandreportingmethodsusedatthesite. ` Furthermore,sincethisrulehasbeendevelopedsolelyfortheSOCMI,toallowcomplianceforindividualemissionpointswithnoSOCMIsourcesatthesamesitewouldbothcomplicateenforcementandmakethesuccessofthe consolidationeffortmoredifficulttoassess. +%(  ` ThegeneralprovisionsoftheCARalsoallowafacility toceasetoimplementtheCAR.Insuchcases,theregulatedsourcebecomessubjecttotheapplicablereferencingsubparts.TheseprocedureswillbefurtherdiscussedinsectionVI.B. ` B.StructureoftheCAR ` BecausetheCARwouldconsolidateexistingregulationsfrom40CFRparts60,61,and63,anewpart65wascreatedtocontaintheconsolidatedrule.Part65willcontaintheSOCMICAR,aswellasanyfuturerulethatconsolidatesFederalairrulesforotherindustries. ` TheCARhasbeendevelopedasasetofsubpartscontainingalltherequiredelementsrelevanttoasourceowneroroperatorwhochoosestocomplywiththeCAR.Eachsubpartappliestoaspecifictypeofemissionpointoraspectofregulation.Thegeneralprovisions(subpartA)addresstheadministrativeaspectsoftheregulation(forexample,wheretosendreports,timingofperiodicreports,definitions,howtorequestanalternativemeansofemissionlimitation),andthoseprovisionswhicharewidelyapplicabletoallsources(forexample,prohibitionsandoperationandmaintenancerequirements).SubpartC(storage -`'* tanks),subpartD(processvents),subpartE(transferoperations),andsubpartF(equipmentleaks)containthecomplianceoptionsandallthespecificrequirementsforeachofthosetypesofemissionpoints. ` SubpartGcontainsalltheprovisionsonclosed-ventsystemsandcontroldevices,includingtesting,monitoring,datahandling,reportingandrecordkeeping,andCPMSprovisions.Thiswascreatedasastandalonesubpartbecauseprovisionsineachofthereferencingsubpartsforclosed-ventsystemsandcontroldevicesareverysimilar.Byconsolidatingalloftheseprovisions,muchoverlap,duplication,andminorchangesinmonitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingwillbeeliminated,andtherequirementswillbestandardized. ` MuchconsiderationwasgiventothestructureoftheCAR.TheEPAassessedtheprosandconsofnumerousoptions,butconcludedthemostworkableapproachisamodularCAR.ThismodularapproachisdesignedsuchthatonceasourceoperatordecidestocomplywiththeCAR,allormostapplicableprovisionswouldbecontainedintheCAR.Thesourceoperatorwouldnotneedtorefertothereferencingsubpartafterapplicabilityisestablished, -`'* unlessspecificallydirectedtodosointheCAR.Forexample,aprocessventsubjectto40CFRpart60,subpartNNN(distillationNSPS)wouldbereferredtosubpartDoftheCARforapplicableprocessventrequirements.Ifcontrolsarerequired,thesourcewouldsubsequentlybereferredtotheCARsubpartGforclosed-ventsystemsandcontroldevices,andwouldnotneedtoreferfurthertosubpartD.SubpartG,forclosed-ventsystemsandcontroldevices,containsalltheprovisionsneededtocomplyifaventisroutedtoacontroldevice.AsnotedinsectionVI.Bofthispreamble,sourcescomplyingwiththeCARaresubjecttotheCAR'sgeneralprovisions(subpartA)andalsotoafewclearlynotedprovisionsinthegeneralprovisionstothereferencingsubparts. ` TheCARisalsostructuredwithineachofthesubpartstofacilitatefunctionandeaseofuse.TheproposedCARhasbeenwrittenwithamore"userfriendly"approach,andthesubpartsmoreclearlydelineatetherequirementsthatwouldapplytoeachplantfunction.Forexample,theproposedstoragevesselprovisionscontaindistinctrequirementsfordesign,operation,inspection,andrepairforeachkindofstoragevessel.Thisisintendedto -`'* simplifytasksforthedesigngrouportheinspectiongroupattheplant,andtoavoideachgrouphavingtosearchtheentireregulationforrelevantrequirements.TheCAR'sstructurefacilitatestheconsolidationofallrecordkeepingandreportingactivitiesintoonesystem.ChemicalplantssubjecttonumerousNSPSandNESHAPcouldcombinemultipleenvironmentalmanagementsystemstrackingmultipleregulationsintoasingle,simplifiedcomplianceeffort.V.AmendmentstotheReferencingSubparts h  ` AlongwiththeproposedCAR,today'snoticealsoproposeschangestothereferencingsubparts.Theproposedchangesadd"pointers"intheapplicabilitysectionsofeachreferencingsubpart.(Thereferencingsubpartsareindicatedintable1.)ThepointersspecifywhichregulatedsourcesmaytakeadvantageoftheCARandwhichsubpartsof40CFRpart65applytoeachtypeofemissionpoint.ThissectionofthepreambleoutlinestheamendmentstothereferencingsubpartsandhowEPAimplementedthedecisionsregardingtheCARinthereferencingsubparts.&   ` A.GeneralConcepts ` T'*heCARusestheterm"regulatedsource"torefertowhatevercollectionofequipmentatastationarysourceis -`'* regulatedbyareferencingsubpart.Forexample,for40CFRpart60,subpartIII,theregulatedsourceisaprocessventfromanairoxidationunit;andfor40CFRpart60,subpartVV,theregulatedsourceisdefinedasequipmentcomponentsataprocessunit.Theterm"regulatedsource"isdefinedintheproposedCARandisusedthroughouttheCARtorefertoalloftheequipmentandemissionpointsthatareregulatedbytheapplicablereferencingsubpartsataplantsite.Thetermisusedthroughoutthispreambleinthesameway. ` TheCARdoesnotalterapplicabilityforanyregulatedsource.Inordernottoaltertheapplicabilityofthereferencingsubparts,thepointerparagraphsareplacedaftertheapplicabilityparagraphsofthereferencingsubpart.Languagesuchas"storagevesselssubjecttothissubpart"isusedinthepointerparagraphstoemphasizethatonlytheemissionpointsthataresubjecttothereferencingsubpartsareeligibletocomplywiththeCAR. ` Itisimportanttonotethatthisisalsotrueforequipmentsubjecttotheequipmentleakrules.TheHONrulecoversmoreequipmenttypes(forexample,agitators)than40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartV. -`'* ItisEPAsintentionthatfacilitieschoosingtocomplywiththeCARinplaceof40CFRpart60,subpartVVor40CFRpart61,subpartV,butwhicharenotsubjecttotheHON,wouldcomplywiththeCARonlyfortheequipmenttypessubjecttotheapplicableparts60and61rules.Forexample,theCARsprovisionsforadditionalequipmenttypescoveredbytheHON(forexample,agitators)wouldnotapplytosourcesreferencedtotheCARfrom40CFRpart60,subpartVVonly.ThisconceptpreventsequipmentthatwasnotsubjecttorequirementsunderareferencingsubpartfrombecomingsubjecttothoserequirementssolelyduetoCARimplementation. ` Exceptforprocessvents,EPAdecidedtoprovidetheCARasameansofcomplianceonlyforemissionpointswhereemissionreductionisrequiredbythereferencingsubparts.Therequirementsforemissionpointswhereemissionreductionisnotrequiredvarywidelyandareusuallyassociatedwithestablishingtheapplicabilityofthereferencingsubpart;examplesoftheserequirementsincluderecordsofvaporpressureforstoredliquids,orrecordsofthetypeofliquidtransferred.Theserecordsarekepttoshowthatanychangesmadehavenotcausedanemissionpoint -`'* tobecomesubjecttoemissionreduction.Therefore,withtheexceptionofprocessventsasdiscussedbelow,onlyemissionpointssubjecttoemissionreductionunderareferencingsubpartareeligibletocomplywiththeCAR.Inaddition,alleffortsweremadetonotcrossreferencebackandforthfromtheCARtothereferencingsubparts;crossreferencingwouldhavebeennecessarytoconsolidatetherequirementsforemissionpointsnotsubjecttoemissionreduction. ` Anexceptionwasmadeforprocessvents,however;allprocessventssubjecttoareferencingsubpartcanusetheCARtocomply.Thisdecisionwasmadebecauseintheprocessventrules,theapplicabilitycutoffsthatdeterminewhetheremissionreductionisrequiredareverysimilar.TheCARincorporatesthetotalresourceeffectiveness(TRE)indexvaluecalculationandotherparametersusedtodeterminewhetheraprocessventmustbecontrolled,monitored,orneither.&   ` B.DescriptionofAmendments ` Th'((}emainpointerparagraphineachreferencingsubpartspecifiesthatanowneroroperatormaychoosetocomplywiththeCARforalloftheemissionpointsthatarepartof -`'* anSCUandthatrequirecontrolunderthatsubpart.EachmainpointerparagraphspecifieswhichrequirementsofthereferencingsubpartaresatisfiedbytheCAR.ThepointerreferstotheapplicabilitycriteriasothatonlyemissionpointssubjecttoemissionreductionareeligibletocomplywiththeCAR,exceptfortheprocessventreferencingsubparts,asdiscussedabove.ThepointerparagraphalsospecifiestheapplicablesubpartoftheCAR.Forexample,areferencingsubpartapplicabletostoragevesselswouldspecifythat40CFRpart65,subpartCcanbeusedtocomply. ` In40CFRpart61,subpartBB,thelanguageclearlystatesthatrailcarsandtanktruckloadingracksareeligibletousetheCARforcompliance,butmarinevesselloadingracksarenoteligible.TheEPAdecidednottoincludemarinevesselloadingintheCAR,because,atthetimethescopeoftheCARwasdetermined,standardsformarinevesselswerenotfinalized.(SincetheCARscopewasset,NationalEmissionStandardsforMarineTankVesselLoadingOperations,40CFRpart63,subpartY,werefinalized.)Also,therulesformarinevesselloadingracksaredifferentenoughfromrailcarandtanktruckloading -`'* thatitwasnotpossibletoconsolidatetheserequirementswiththerailcarandtanktruckrequirements. ` Alsoproposedinmostofthereferencingsubpartsisanewparagraphlabeled"Alternativemeansofcomplianceaffectedsourcebasis."ThisprovisionspecifiesthatanowneroroperatormaychoosetocomplywiththeCARforemissionpointssubjecttoemissionreductionunderthegivenreferencingsubpartsthatarenotpartofanSCUbutarelocatedatthesameplantsiteasanSCUthatiscomplyingwiththeCAR;thesearenonSOCMIemissionpointscoveredbyareferencingsubpart.ThisparagraphisnotnecessaryforthereferencingsubpartsthatapplysolelytotheSOCMI(40CFRpart63,subpartsGandH,40CFRpart60,subpartsIII,NNN,RRR,andVV)becausesourcessubjecttooneoftheserulesare,bydefinition,alwaysapartofanSCU. ` Itshouldbenotedthattheproposedamendmentsto40CFRpart61,subpartVspecifythatifanowneroroperatorchoosestohaveequipmentataprocessunitcomplywiththeCARforaprocessunitthatisnotinaSCUbutthatislocatedatthesameplantsiteasanSCUcomplyingwiththeCAR,thenalloftheequipmentwithinthatunit -`'* mustcomplywiththeCAR.TheEPAdecidedthatalltheequipmentataprocessunitmustcomplybecauseitwouldbetooconfusingforimplementationifindividualequipmentwasallowedtocomplywiththeCAR. ` TheproposedadditionstothereferencingsubpartsalsospecifythattheCAR'sgeneralprovisions,40CFRpart65,subpartA,supersedemostoftheprovisionsinthereferencingsubparts'generalprovisions(i.e.,40CFRpart60,subpartA,40CFRpart61,subpartA,and40CFRpart63,subpartA).Theprovisionsofthereferencingsubparts'generalprovisionsthatarenotsupersededarelisted.Theseprovisionspertaintoapplicability,reconstruction,modification,andprestartupactivities.ItisclarifiedthatprovisionswhichwererequiredtobemetpriortoimplementingtheCARremaininforce.Forinstance,ifafacilitywasrequiredunderthereferencingsubparts'generalprovisionstoconductaperformancetest,buttheperformancetesthadnotbeenconducted,thefacilitywouldstillberequiredtoconducttheperformancetestevenifitchoosestocomplywiththeCAR.The facilitywouldalsobesubjecttoanyenforcementaction +%( thatwouldapplyfornotmeetingtherequirementsoftheruletheCARdoesnotrescindanypastobligations.  ` TheproposedamendmentsalsospecifythatoptingtousetheCARisan"allornothing"decisionfortheregulatedsourcescontainedinanSCU.TheystatethattheowneroroperatormustalsocomplywiththeCARforallemissionpointsthatarepartoftheSCUandthataresubjecttoanyofthereferencingsubparts.Forexample,ifanowneroroperatorofanSCUhasstoragevesselsinthatSCUthataresubjecttotherequirementsof40CFRpart60,subpartKb(theNSPSforVolatileOrganicLiquidStorageVessels),andthatowneroroperatordecidestocomplywiththeCARforthosestoragevesselsinsteadofsubpartKb,thenalloftheequipment,processvents,transferoperations,orstoragevesselsthatarepartofthatSCUmustcomplywiththerequirementsintheCAR. ` AdditionalamendatorylanguageisaddedtosubpartVof40CFRpart61becausecertainsourcesarereferredtosubpartVfrom40CFRpart61,subpartsFandJ.SubpartsFandJapplytoequipmentinvinylchlorideorbenzeneservice,respectively.Therefore,theproposedamendmentsto40CFRpart61,subpartVspecifythatownersor -`'* operatorsofequipmentsubjectto40CFRpart61,subpartsForJalsomaychoosetocomplywiththeCAR.Alloftheproposedamendmentsin40CFRpart61,subpartVallowingthechoicetocomplywiththeCARwouldalsoapplyto40CFRpart61,subpartsFandJsources.TheseprovisionsincludechoosingtocomplywiththeCARonanSCUbasisforallequipmentandemissionpointsatanSCU,andchoosingtocomplywiththeCARonaregulatedsourcebasisforequipmentoremissionpointsatthesameplantsiteasanSCUcomplyingwiththeCAR. ` TheEPAisallowingtheCARcomplianceoptionforsourcessubjectto40CFRpart61,subpartsFandJprimarilybecausethesesubpartsrefersubjectsourcestopart61,subpartV,andthesesourcesareoftenpartofSCUs.NonSOCMIsourcessubjecttosubpartsFandJcanimplementtheCAR,butonlyifthereisanSCUonsiteimplementingtheCAR. ` InadditiontotheproposedCAR-relatedamendmentsto40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartV,severalotheramendmentstotheserulesarebeingproposedwithtodaysaction.TheseadditionalproposedamendmentsarenotnecessaryforimplementationoftheCAR;rather, -`'* theywouldupdatetherulestoreflectcurrentsafetyandclarityimprovementsforequipmentleakrules.SectionXIofthispreambleprovidesdetailsontheseproposedamendments.& ` VI.SummaryoftheProposedRuleandSignificantDecisions   inRuleConsolidation `   ` A.BasisfortheCAR(OptionalImplementation) ` TheCARisbeingproposedasanoptionalcompliance'`  alternative.SeveraldifferentapproachesfortheCARwereconsidered,includingmandatorycomplianceforSOCMIsourcessubjecttotheconsolidatedsubparts,withvaryingphaseinschedules.Differentoptionswerealsoexploredthatallowedoptionalcomplianceforsomesourcesandmandatoryforothers.However,theoptionalcomplianceapproachreflectedintheproposedCARoptimizesthebenefitsforaffectedsourceswhileassuringthatstringencywillnotbecompromised.TheCARprovidessignificantbenefitstosources,asdescribedinthissectionandsectionXofthispreamble,primarilythroughburdenreduction,simplification,andclarification.Implementingagencieswillrealizecomplementarybenefitsinthat,forsourcescomplyingwiththeCAR,compliancerequirementswillbe -`'* simplifiedandclarified,recordsandreportswillbeconsiderablyconsolidated,andcompliancedeterminationwillbemorestraightforward.Becauseboththeindustryandenforcementpersonnelwouldbedealingwithasinglerulewithconsistentrequirements,conflictinginterpretationsandmisunderstandingsshouldbereduced. ` Ontheotherhand,despitethepotentialbenefitsoftheCAR,ifEPAweretomaketheCARmandatory,asignificantburdenintheshorttermmightbecreatedassourcesmadethetransitiontotheCAR.TheEPArecognizesthatsomeSOCMIplantsitessubjecttoonlyoneortwoofthereferencingsubpartswouldderivelimitedornobenefitfromtheconsolidatedrule.Chemicalplantswithasmallnumberofregulatedemissionpoints(forexample,afewstoragetanks)andawellestablishedcomplianceplancouldincuranaddedburdenifrequiredtobecomefamiliarwithandimplementtheCAR.Someplantshavedatahandling,monitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingsystemsinplacefortherequirementsandformatoftheexistingrules;theaddedinitialcosttocomplywiththeCARcouldbesignificantcomparedtothebenefit.Therelativecostsandbenefitsrealizedbyplantswoulddependonseveralfactors, -`'* includingthesizeoftheplant,thenumberofregulationsthatcurrentlyapply,thecompanysperceptionofbenefits,andlongtermburdenreductionsthatwouldaccruefromcompliancewiththeCAR. ` Inaddition,ifEPAweretomakecompliancewiththeCARmandatory,itwouldcreateaconflictbetweenmaintainingcurrentstringencylevelsandstrivingforsimplicityandconsolidation.Toavoidincreasingthestringencyofapplicablerequirementsforanyaffectedsource,theCARwouldeitherhavetoconsolidateatthelowestcommondenominator(i.e.,leaststringentprovisions),orconsistofacollectionofprovisionsofdifferentstringencies.Theformersolutionisenvironmentallyunacceptable,andthelattersolutionresultsinanoverlycomplexrulethatforfeitsmanyofthebenefitsofconsolidation. ` InorderfortheCARprovisionstobeatleastasstringentastheunderlyingrulesandtoalsoachievecompleteconsolidation,itwasnecessarytoselectthemoststringentofthereferencingsubpartsasthebasisfortheCAR.Inthiscase,theHONwasdeemedtoincludethemoststringentcontroloptions.Althoughseveralother -`'* referencingsubpartscontainthesamecontrolrequirements(forexample,forprocessvents),theHONprovidesadditionalcomplianceflexibilityinmanycases.ThisflexibilityhasbeenadoptedintheCAR. ` TheAgencyconcludedthatthepresumptionofamandatoryCARwasinconsistentwithasimplification.SourcescanchoosetoimplementtheCARorcontinuetoimplementtheunderlyingsubparts,dependingontheirsituationandwhattheyseeasmoreadvantageous. ` EnforcementrepresentativessupportedthesimplicityoftheCARoverthenumerousexistingrules.ThebenefittoenforcementpersonnelisnotasgreatforanoptionalCARasitwouldbeforamandatoryCAR,sincetheimplementingagencywouldstillneedtosupportimplementationandenforcementoftheunderlyingrulesaswellastheCAR.However,theimplementationburdenwillbeeasedatthosesourcesthatchoosetheCAR.Inaddition,sourcesimplementingtheCARmayincreasetheiremissionreductionssincetheCARwillbemorestringentforsomeemissionpoints. ` TheEPAweighedtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthevariousapproachesandconcludedthatanoptionalCARwith -`'* onesetofrequirementswouldbethemostworkableandacceptable. ` AsthedevelopmentoftheCARproceeded,theprovisionsineachofthereferencingsubpartswerecarefullyassessedforrelativestringencyaswellasfortherelativemeritsofthelanguageandpresentationoftherequirements.TheEPAconcludedthattheHONprovidedthebeststartingpointfordevelopingconsolidatedprovisionsfortheCARasanoptionalcompliancemechanism.TheHONwaspromulgatedin1994(withseveralsubsequentamendments)andreflectsanimprovedunderstandingofcontrolapproachesfortheSOCMI.Furthermore,thecontrolprovisionsoftheHON,ingeneral,representthemoststringentandcomprehensivepollutioncontrolrequirementsofthereferencingsubpartsconsolidatedintheCAR.Therefore,theyprovidethemostappropriatelevelofcontrolfortheCAR,givenEPA'sobjectiveofnotcompromisingstringencyinconsolidation.Inaddition,wheretheHONandanothersubpartapplytothesameemissionpoint,theHONrequirementsgenerallyoverridethoseoftheothersubpart,withsomeexceptions. ` Overtheyearsduringwhichthereferencingsubpartswerepromulgated,EPAandtheSOCMIhavecontinuously -`'* enhancedtheirunderstandingofemissioncontroltechnologyforSOCMIsources.DevelopmentoftheHONbenefittedfromthisenhancedunderstandingandfromsignificantindustryinputregardingtheoperationofSOCMIfacilities.BecausetheHONwasdevelopedtoreflectarefinedapproachtoregulatingtheSOCMI,itreflectssubstantialburdenreduction,clarityoflanguage,andflexibilityincomplianceoptions. ` TheEPAstrivestocontinuallyreducethecomplianceburdenassociatedwithregulationspromulgatedundertheAct.AsbothEPAandStateagencieshavegainedexperiencewithandunderstandingofcomplianceandenforcementissues,EPA'sregulatoryapproacheshaveevolvedtoincorporatemorestreamlinedandflexiblecomplianceapproaches.TheHONprovisionsincludemanyelementsofflexibilitythatsubstantiallyreducethecomplianceburden.TheHONlanguagealsomakesexplicitmanyrequirementsthatareimpliedintheotherreferencingsubparts.Suchclarificationspromoteconsistentcomplianceandenforcementand,insomecases,constituteaburdenreductionby eliminatingguessworkanduncertainty. +%(  ` WhiletheHONreflectsanupdatedapproachtoSOCMI regulation,manyofthebasicelementsofthereferencingsubpartsarestillverysimilartotheHON.Forstoragevessels,theprovisionsin40CFRpart60,subpartKband40CFRpart61,subpartYareverysimilartothecorrespondingHONprovisions(40CFRpart63,subpartG).ThemostsignificantdifferencesamongstoragevesselprovisionsoccurbetweentheHONand40CFRpart60,subpartKa.However,therearemarkedlyfewersourcessubjecttosubpartKathantotheotherstoragevesselsubpartsconsolidated. ` Likewise,theHON'sprovisionsforprocessventsareverysimilartothoseinalloftheconsolidatedprocessventrules.Infact,theperformancestandardsarevirtuallythesameacrossallconsolidatedprocessventregulations.TheCAR'sprovisionsfortransferoperationsconsolidate40CFRpart61,subpartBBandtheHONtransferoperationprovisions(40CFRpart63,subpartG).TheHONprovisionsprovideincreasedcomplianceflexibilityoversubpartBBwithoutcompromisingstringency. ` EquipmentleakprovisionsintheCARarealsobasedontheHONlanguagebutincludesomesignificantimprovements. -`'* Theseimprovementsdonotchangestringencybutenhancethesimplicity,clarity,and"user-friendliness"oftheprovisions.SubpartGoftheCAR,theclosed-ventsystemandcontroldeviceprovisions,representsadifferentapproachtotheorderandpresentationofregulatoryrequirements.WhiletheCARsubpartGisbasedontheHON'slanguage,itsorganizationandstructurearedifferentinthattheclosed-ventsystemandcontroldevicerequirementsforallemissionpoints(i.e.,storage,transfer,processvents,andequipmentleaks)withassociatedclosed-ventsystemandcontroldevicesareallpresentedinoneconsolidatedsubpart. ` WhiletheHONhasprovidedagoodstartingpointfortheCAR,theconsolidationeffortincludedsubstantialmodificationtosomeoftheHONlanguageaswellasimportantadditionsanddeletions.ManyofthemodificationsareclarificationsofHONlanguageorchangesthatincorporateCARterminology.Allprovisionsineachofthereferencingsubpartswereassessedandcomparedforconsolidation.Insomecases,languagefromareferencingsubpartotherthantheHONwasdeemedmoreappropriatefortheCAR.Thefollowingsectionsofthispreamble(VI.B -`'* throughVI.H)provideadetaileddescriptionofeachsubpartoftheCARandthesignificantdecisionsregarding(1)changestoHONlanguage,and(2)theramificationsofusingtheHONlanguageforsourcesreferencedfrom40CFRparts60and61.AlsonotedareinstanceswherelanguagefromreferencingsubpartsotherthantheHONisused.&   ` B.GeneralProvisions ` Th'epart65generalprovisionsconsolidatethegeneralprovisionsapplicabletoSOCMIsourcesfromsubpartsAof40CFRparts60,61,and63.Inaddition,provisionsintheHON,40CFRpart63subparts,FandG,thataregeneralinnaturearealsoconsolidatedinthepart65generalprovisions.TheseparticularprovisionsaredesignatedintheHONasoverridingthecorrespondingrequirementsinthepart63generalprovisions.TheseoverridingprovisionsapplytoSOCMIsourcesandthereforewereconsolidatedintheproposedCARgeneralprovisions.(TheHONoverridesarelistedintable3of40CFRpart63,subpartF). ` TheconsolidatedgeneralprovisionsfocusonadministrativeaspectsandbroadrequirementsthataregenerallyapplicabletoallsourcescomplyingwiththeCAR,suchasdefinitions,operationandmaintenancerequirements, -`'* generalrecordkeepingandreportingprocedures,andcompliancedetermination.Alsoincludedareadministrativeprovisionsconcerningavailabilityofinformation,stateauthority,delegation,circumvention,addressesforreportsubmittal,andincorporationbyreference.Althoughthegeneralprovisionstothereferencingsubpartscontainprovisionsregardingaddoncontrolequipment,testing,andmonitoring,thesetypesofrequirementsareconsolidatedintheCAR'ssubpartGasdescribedinsectionIII.Bofthispreamble. ` ConsolidatedgeneralprovisionsfortheCAReliminatemuchofthecomplexityofthegeneralprovisionstotheHON.IntheCARgeneralprovisions,an"override"tableforgeneralprovisions,suchasthatintheHON,isnotnecessary,sinceallapplicableprovisionshavebeenbroughtinto,orarereferencedin,theCAR.AlloftheapplicableprovisionsthataregeneralinnaturearecontainedinoneCARsubpart,eliminatingthecomplexityinherentintheHONwheregeneralrequirementsarecontainedinthreedifferentsubparts(40CFRpart63subpartsA,F,andG).Non-applicablerequirementshavebeeneliminated.Forexample,nocontinuousemissionsmonitoringsystem(CEMS), -`'* opacity,orparticulatematterprovisionsareincludedintheCARsincetheyarenotapplicable,thusreducingtheamountoftextthatmustbereadandunderstood. ` AlthougheveryefforthasbeenmadetomaketheCARastandalonerule,asnotedinsectionIVabove,therearecertainrequirementsinthegeneralprovisionstothereferencingsubpartsthatarenotaddressedinpart65andthatstillremainapplicabletosourcescomplyingwiththeCAR.Requirementsdealingwithprestartupactivities,applicability,modification,andreconstructionarestillgovernedbytheunderlyinggeneralprovisionsin40CFRparts60,61,and63.Thepart65generalprovisionsincludeatable(table1of40CFRpart65,subpartA)specifyingtheparagraphsandsectionsineachpartsgeneralprovisionsthatstillapplytosourcescomplyingwiththeCAR.SincetheCARdoesnotaltertheapplicabilityofanyoftheunderlyingsubparts,thesegeneralprovisionsregardingapplicabilitymustalsoremainapplicable. ` Inaddition,ownersandoperatorswhochoosetocomplywiththeCARarestillobligatedtofulfillrequirementsthatappliedwhiletheywerecomplyingwithareferencing -`'* subpart.Forexample,ifafacilityisrequiredbyareferencingsubparttocompleteaperformancetest,optingtocomplywiththeCARdoesnotremovetherequirementtoconductaperformancetestorprotectthesourcefromenforcementactionsfornotcompletingthetest. ` DiscussioninthefollowingparagraphshighlightstheprimarydifferencesbetweenthegeneralprovisionsfortheproposedCARandthoseforthereferencingsubparts. ` Applicability.Regulatedsourcesmaycomplywiththe h CARonlyiftheyaresubjecttooneofthereferencingsubpartsandarespecificallyreferencedtopart65.FurtherdiscussionofeligibilitytocomplywiththeCARandhowtheeligibilityispresentedinthereferencingsubpartsiscontainedinsectionsIV.AandVofthispreamble,respectively. ` TheapplicabilityprovisionsalsoincluderequirementsforimplementationoftheCAR.AnimplementationscheduleisrequiredandmustbeestablishedeitherthroughatitleVpermitapplicationorpermitmodificationfortitleVsources,orintheInitialNotificationofPart65ApplicabilityfornontitleVsources.Ineithercase,theimplementationschedulecannotextendformorethan -`'* 3years,andtheprovisionsprohibitanygapsincompliancebetweencomplyingwiththereferencingsubpartandimplementingtheCAR.Amaximumofa3yearimplementationperiodisallowedbecausetherewillbesomefacilitiesthatwillneedtimetoinstallequipmentorotherwiseprepareforcompliancewiththeCARforsomeindividualemissionpoints.Inthesecases,thefacilitycanbegintakingadvantageofmanyoftheburdenreductionsbycomplyingwiththeCARformostemissionpointswhilepreparingforcomplianceforafewemissionpoints.Thesefewemissionpointswouldcontinuetocomplywiththeappropriatereferencingsubpart.ManyfacilitieswillbeabletocomplywiththeCARwithfewadjustmentsoradditionsattheirfacility,anda3-yearimplementationschedulewillnotbenecessary. ` AsdescribedaboveinsectionIV.A,newsourcesthatbecomesubjecttoareferencingsubpartmustconsulttheapplicabilityprovisionsinthatreferencingsubparttodetermineeligibilitytocomplywiththeCAR.Newregulatedsources(forexample,storagevesselsordistillationvents)thatarepartofanSCUthatiscomplyingwiththeCARwouldalsohavetocomplywiththeCAR,ortheentireSCU(includingthenewregulatedsource)wouldhavetooptnot -`'* tocomplywiththeCAR.FornewsourceschoosinguponstartuptocomplywiththeCARinsteadoftheapplicablereferencingsubpart,theimplementationdateisatinitialstartup. ` TheproposedCARalsoprovidesforownersoroperatorsdecidingtonolongercomplywiththeCARandtocomply,instead,withtheapplicablereferencingsubpart(s).TitleVsourcesmustproposeatransitiondateinatitleVpermitamendment;nonTitleVsourcesmayproposeatransitiondateinaperiodicreportorinaseparatenotice.TheprovisionsrequiringcomplianceonanSCUbasiswouldstillapply,andownersoroperatorsmustmakethetransitiontothereferencingsubpartsforanentireSCU,notforindividualemissionpoints.Thetransitionmustensurethatnogapsincomplianceoccur;theSCUmustbeinfullcomplianceatalltimeswitheithertheCARortheapplicablereferencingsubparts. ` Definitions:general.TheCARconsolidatesthe H&" definitionsfromthe12referencingsubparts,40CFRpart63,subpartFandthegeneralprovisionsof40CFRparts60,61,and63intoonedefinitionsection.IndevelopingthedefinitionsfortheCAR,EPAassessedallof -`'* thedefinitionsinthereferencingsubpartsandallofthedefinitionsintheapplicablegeneralprovisions.ManytermsdefinedintheCARhavebeendefinedinoneormoreofthesesubparts.Insomecases,slightvariationsexistindefinitionsforwhichnosubstantivedifferencewasintended.TheEPArecognizedthatmultipledefinitionsforthesametermorphrasehasledtoconfusioninthepast.Therefore,asinglesetofdefinitionswasdevelopedforimplementingtheCARandisincludedintheproposedgeneralprovisions. ` SincetheHONlanguageprovidesthebasisfortheCAR,theHONdefinitionsareusedintheCARformostterms.However,definitionshavebeenaddedormodifiedintheCARforseveralreasons.Newtermshavebeendefinedeithertoreducewordinessandredundantlanguage,ortodesignateasingletermtoreplacemanysimilartermsfromallthereferencingsubparts.Insomecases,definitionsfromtheHONhavebeenmodifiedtoimproveclarityortomakerequirementsmoreexplicit.AfewtermsintheCARaretakenfromreferencingsubpartsotherthantheHON. ` ThegoalofconsolidatingdefinitionsintheCARgeneralprovisionswastoprovidecleardefinitionsandto -`'* avoidusingdifferentwordstomeanthesamething.ThemorerecentSOCMIruleselaborateondefinitionstoavoidmisinterpretationorimplementationproblemsthataroseinearlierrules.Thenewerdefinitionsexpandandelucidate,buttheydonotchangetheoriginalintentoftherule.Themoresignificantdefinitionchangesandadditionsarenotedasfollows.&   ` Definitions:new.Severaltermsnotdefinedinanyof   thereferencingsubpartsortheirgeneralprovisionsareintroducedinthe'BCAR.SomeofthesetermsincorporateimportantconceptsthatneedtobedefinedfortheCAR;theseincludethefollowing. ` Anewdefinitionfor"emptyoremptying"forstoragevesselswasaddedforclarification.Thisdefinitionhelpstoclarifywhenastoragevesselisconsideredempty.Inparticular,loweringthestoredliquidlevelsothatafloatingroofrestsonitslegs,asnecessitatedbynormaloperations,isnotconsideredemptying.FurtherdiscussionofissuesassociatedwiththeemptyingofstoragevesselsispresentedintheStorageVesselsectionofthispreamble (sectionVI.C). +%(  ` Anewdefinitionfor"lowthroughputtransferracks" wasaddedtoclarifyrequirementsfortheseracksthataresubjecttotheclosed-ventsystemsandcontroldevicerequirements.Lowthroughputtransferracksrequireadesignevaluation,whilehighthroughputtransferracksrequireaperformancetest. ` Theterm"closed-ventsystemshutdown"wasaddedtotheCARtodistinguishashutdownaffectingaclosed-ventsystemfromashutdownaffectingaprocessunit.Differentrequirementsapplyforprocessunitshutdownsandforclosed-ventsystemshutdowns,andthetwotermsthereforeneedtobedistinguished. ` SeveralnewtermswereaddedtotheCARtoprovideasinglegeneraltermtoreplaceseveraldifferenttermsusedinthereferencingsubparts.Theseincludethefollowing. ` Definitionsfor"regulatedmaterial,""inregulatedmaterialservice,"and"regulatedsource"werecreatedfortheCARtogeneralizethepollutant[volatileorganiccompounds(VOC),totalorganiccompounds(TOC),hazardousairpollutants(HAP),etc.]andthesource(affectedfacility,affectedsource,etc.)beingregulated.Thereferencingsubpartsspecifytheregulatedpollutant(s)and -`'* definethesource,eitherinthetitleofthestandardorintheapplicabilityprovisionspriortoreferringsourcestotheCAR.Therefore,whilethetermusedintheCARisnew,pollutantsandsourcesregulatedinthereferencingsubpartsdonotchangeintheCAR. ` "Processunit"and"processvent"aredefinedintheCARtoencompassthedefinitionsfromallofthereferencingsubparts.Thedefinitionof"processunit"includestheequipmentspecifiedbythedefinitionof"chemicalmanufacturingprocessunit"intheCAR.TheCARalsoprovidesadefinitionforthe"processunit"whichistobeusedwhenthereisnodefinitionfortheterminthereferencingsubpart. ` "SOCMICARUnit"wasaddedtotheCARdefinitionstodescribetheboundaryoftheentitysubjecttotheCAR.AdetaileddiscussionconcerningSCUsisincludedinsectionIV.Bofthispreamble. ` OthernewtermsweredefinedintheCARtoreducewordinessorredundancy.Anewdefinitionfor"controlsystem"wasaddedtosimplifylanguagereferringtocontroldevicesandtheirassociatedclosed-ventsystem.Acontrolsystemissimplythecombinationofaclosed-ventsystemand -`'* acontroldevice.Usingasingletermtoincludebothclosed-ventsystemsandcontroldevicessimplifiesthelanguage. ` Threenewdefinitionswereaddedtodescribeinternalandexternalfloatingrooffailures:"failure,EFR","failure,IFRtypeA",and"failure,IFRtypeB."Twonewdefinitionswereaddedtodescribewhichprocessventsrequiremonitoringandwhichonesdonot:"Group2Aprocessvents"and"Group2Bprocessvents."AddingthesedefinitionsavoidshavingtorepeatlengthytextdescribingthespecificfloatingrooffailuresorthetwotypesofGroup2processventseachtimetheyarereferredtointheregulation. ` Definitions:modifiedHONdefinitions.Manyofthe ` definitionsincorporatedfromtheHONhavebeenmodified,primarilyforclarityoflanguageortospecifytheparticulartypesofemissionpoints(forexample,equipmentleaks)towhichatermapplies.ThemodificationstotheHONdefinitionsaredescribedasfollows. ` TocomplywiththeHONprocessventrequirements,anowneroroperatorhasseveralcomplianceoptions,oneofwhichistocollectandrouteprocessventemissionstoa -`'* controldevice.Therearetwobroadcategoriesofcontroldevices,combustiondevices(suchasaboilerorincinerator)andrecapturedevices(suchasacondenserorabsorber).Absorbers,condensers,andcarbonadsorbersareoftenusedasrecoverydevicesdesignedtoreturnrecoveredmaterialtotheprocess;iftherecoveredmaterialfromthesedevicesisdisposedof,thenthedevicequalifiesasarecapturedeviceandcanbeusedasacontroldevice. ` TheHONcontainssimilardefinitionsfor"controldevice"inbothsubpartsFandG.TheCARdefinitionisbasedontheHONdefinitions,whichincludelanguagestatingthatforprocessventsingeneral,aproductrecoverydevicecannotbeusedasthecontroldeviceiftheowneroroperatoriscomplyingbyroutingemissionstoacontroldevice.Recoverydevicesareequipmentnormallyusedforthepurposeofrecoveringchemicalsforfuelvalue,use,reuse,orforsale;controldevices,ontheotherhand,areequipmentthatreduceemissionsofregulatedmaterialtotheatmospherethroughcombustionorsomeothermeans. ` TheCARincludesadditionallanguageinthecontroldevicedefinitionclarifyingthatsomeparticularrecoverydevicescanbeconsideredcontroldevices.Thisrequirement -`'* isthesameintheHON,however,theHONdoesnotclarifyitinthecontroldevicedefinition.Insummary,arecoverydeviceisallowedtobeconsideredacontroldeviceforprocessventsif(1)itwasinstalledpriorto1993,(2)itisthelastrecoverydevicebeforeventingtotheatmosphere,(3)itiscapableofmeetingthe98percentreductionstandard,butitisnotcapableofachievingthe20partspermillion(ppm)standard,and(4)therecoverydevicemustcomplywithcontroldevicerequirementsiftherecoveredmaterialisdisposed.TheuseofrecoverydeviceswithprocessventsisfurtherdiscussedinsectionVI.Eofthispreamble. ` Inthedefinitionof"equipment,"theCARincludesnewlanguageclarifyingthatthedefinitionappliesonlytoequipmentleakprovisions.Theword"equipment"isusedinamoregeneralsenseinothersubparts. ` TheCARdefinitionofmalfunctiondiffersfromtheHONinthatitincludesmonitoringequipmentasequipmenttowhichthemalfunctionprovisionsapply.TheHONdefinitionofmalfunctionincudesairpollutioncontrolequipment,processequipment,oraprocess,butdoesnotincludemonitoringrequirement. -`'*  ` Inthedefinitionof"openendedvalveorline,"thereferenceintheHONdefinitionto"pressurereliefvalves"waschangedtosimply"reliefvalves"sinceitisintendedtoalsoincludereliefvalvesthatdonotnecessarilyrelievepressure. ` Thedefinitionof"organicmonitoringdevice"istakenfromtheHONbuthasbeenmodifiedtoclarifythatanorganicmonitoringdevicecanbeusedatlocationsotherthanatanexitingrecoverydevice. ` Processheatersandboilersbotharetypesofenclosedcombustiondevices.Generalrequirementsforenclosedcombustiondevices,aswellasspecificrequirementsforprocessheatersversusboilers,arecontainedintheCAR.Whencomparingtheprocessheaterdefinitionsinthereferencingsubpartsconfusionexistsastowhichenclosedcombustiondevicesareprocessheatersandwhichareboilers.The"processheater"definitionintheCARisbasedontheHONdefinition,butthephrase"enclosedcombustion"isaddedforclarity.Inaddition,theCARaddslanguagespecificallyincludingheatingwaterasasecondary functionofaprocessheater.TheHONdefinitioncouldhave +%( beeninterpretedtoexcludeheatingwaterasafunctionofprocessheaters.  ` IntheCAR,theHONdefinitionof"recapturedevice"wasmodifiedtoclarifythat,forpurposesofmonitoring,recordkeeping,andreporting,recapturedevicesaresubjecttothesameprovisionsasrecoverydevices.Thesamesentencewasaddedtothedefinitionof"recoverydevice"toreinforcethisclarification. ` Thedefinitionsof"repair"and"firstattemptatrepair"areverysimilartotheHONdefinitionsbutweremodifiedintheCARtoclarifythatthedefinitionsapplytoequipmentleakrequirementsandnottootheremissionpointssuchasstoragevessels. ` Similarly,thedefinitionof"setpressure"isfromtheHONsubpartHbutisclarifiedintheCARtospecifythatitappliesonlytoequipmentleakprovisions. ` "Routedtoaprocessorroutetoaprocess"isdefinedasitisintheHONsubpartH,exceptthatintheCARthephrase"byhardpipingoraclosed-ventsystem"isdeleted.Emissionsventedtoaprocessarenotconsideredtobeventedthroughaclosed-ventsystemandthereforearenotsubjecttotheclosed-ventsystemrequirements.Thischange -`'* ismadeforclarificationandconsistencywiththeCARsuseoftheclosed-ventsystemterminology,anditdoesnotaffecttheintentortheregulatoryrequirements.Striking"byhardpiping"allowsflexibilityinthetypesofequipment(i.e.,ductwork)thatcanbeusedtoroutetoaprocess. ` TheCARsdefinitionof"closed-ventsystem"istakenfromthedefinitioninsubpartGoftheHON,butchangeswerealsomadetothisdefinitiontohelpclarifywhichequipmentisincludedinaclosed-ventsystemand,therefore,subjecttotheclosed-ventsystemrequirements.TheCARdefinitionofclosed-ventsystemexcludessystemsthattransportgasorvaporsbacktoaprocess.UndertheCAR,aclosed-ventsystemisasystemroutingvaporstoacontroldevice;pipingthatroutesvaporsbacktoaprocessisnotconsideredaclosed-ventsystem.TheCARdefinitionof"closed-ventsystem"alsohasadditionallanguageaddedtoexcludevaporcollectionsystemsthatarepartofatanktruckorrailcar,andtoclearlydescribewherethesystembeginsontransferracks.Itshouldbenotedthatthe phrase"opentotheatmosphere"doesnotincludeairor +%( inertgasintakesforsystemswheregasmake-upisneededtopreventpullingavacuum.  ` TheCARdefinitionof"run"foraperformancetestcombinesthedefinitionsfromthegeneralprovisionsof40CFRparts60,61,and63.Assuch,itaddslanguagetotheHONdefinitionclarifyingthatarunmaybeeitherintermittentorcontinuous,withinthelimitsofgoodengineeringjudgement. ` Thedefinition"temperaturemonitoringdevice"ischangedintheCARtorequireanaccuracyof1.2degreesCelsius,asopposedto0.5degreesCelsiusintheHON.TheEPAbelieves,basedoninvestigationsundertakeninthiseffort,thattemperaturemonitoringdeviceswiththe1.2degreesCelsiusaccuracyaremorewidelyavailable,areinplaceatmoreplantsites,andareadequatefordemonstratingcompliance. ` Thedefinitionof"totalresourceeffectivenessindexvalueorTREindexvalue"asdefinedintheHONwasmodifiedintheCARtobetterdescribethepurposeoftheindex.Thismodifieddefinitionisconsideredmoreusefulfor compliancepurposes. +%(  ` Thedefinitionof"totalorganiccompounds"issimilar tothedefinitionsinthereferencingsubparts.Oneaspectofthedefinition,however,couldnotbeconsolidated.Totalorganiccompounds,orTOC,isatermintheTREindexvalueequations.Asdiscussedinmoredetailundertheprocessventsection(seesectionVI.D),theTREindexvaluedeterminationcannotbeconsolidatedbecauseofthedifferentapproachespresentedintheHONandthenonHONprocessventreferencingsubparts.TomaintainthenecessarydistinctionforTREindexvaluedeterminations,theTOCdefinitionintheCARstatesthat,forthenonHONreferencingsubparts,TOCdoesnotincludecompounds"thattheAdministratorhasdetermineddonotcontributeappreciablytotheformationofozone." ` AfewdefinitionsintheCARaretakenfromreferencingsubpartsotherthantheHONbecausethetermsarenotdefinedintheHON.Theseinclude,forexample,"distancepiece"from40CFRpart60,subpartVVand"stuffingboxpressure"from40CFRpart61,subpartV.TheseareusefultermsintheCARanddefinitionsforthemareconsidered helpfulforunderstandingequipmentleakprovisions. +%(  ` AsHONdefinitionswereincorporatedintotheCAR,some editingwasrequiredtoremovereferencestospecificprovisionsintheHON.Generally,thereferencestoHONprovisionswereeditedtorefertothecorrespondingprovisionintheCAR,orinsomecases,thedefinitionswereeditedtoincorporatethemeaningorcontextofthereferencedprovision.Forexample,adefinitionfor"initialstartup"hasbeendevelopedfortheCARtospecifythepointofinitialstartupforvariouscasesandsituations.Thisdefinitionencompassesallofthedifferentsituationsdescribedinthereferencingsubpartsthatentailan"initialstartup."Theseincludeneworreconstructedsourcesaswellascertainspecifiedadditionsorchangesnotdefinedbythereferencingsubpartsasanewsource.TheCARdefinitionof"initialstartup"incorporatesthedescriptionofadditionsandchangesfrom63.100(l)and(m)oftheHONthatwouldtriggeran"initialstartup." ` Definitions:changestodefinitionsof40CFRParts60 ((!$ and61.TheuseofHONdefinitionsasthebasisfortheCAR *#& implieschangeddefinitionsforsourcesreferredfromtheotherreferencingsubparts.Ingeneral,thesedifferences -`'* donotconstitutesubstantivechangestotherule,butprovideimprovementsinclarityandsimplificationofrequirements.Forexample,someoftheCARterms,whilenotdefinedinthepart60and61referencingsubpartsortheirgeneralprovisions,areusedintheirregulatorylanguage(forexample,initialstartup).OthertermsdefinedintheCARintroducenewconceptsthatwerenotneededinthepart60and61referencingsubparts.Forexample,theCARprovidesnewmeansofcompliancesuchasfuelgassystemsandvaporbalancingsystems;therefore,thesetermsaredefinedintheCAR.However,mostofthedifferencesindefinitionsbetweentheCARandthenonHONreferencingsubpartsresultfromtheCARincorporatingaHONdefinitionthatisdifferentfromthecorrespondingnonHONdefinition.ThemoresignificantdefinitionchangesrelativetothenonHONreferencingsubpartsareasfollows.XXXX@ ` TheCARincorporatestheHONdefinitionof"alternative h$  testmethod"whichrequiresthatalternativetestmethodsbevalidatedusingMethod301ofappendixAof40CFRpart63.Method301validation,amorerecentlydevelopedapproachunavailabletoolderrules,isnotrequiredbythenonHONreferencingsubparts.TheEPAnowusesMethod301to -`'* validateproposedalternativetestmethods.Therefore,requiringitsusebytheregulatedsourcesimplyensuresconsistencyinevaluatingalternativemethods,andwillcodifywhatisalreadybeingdone.#X@XXX+~# ` In40CFRpart60,subpartDDDand40CFRsubpart61,   subpartBB,thedefinitionof"carseal"includestheregulatoryrequirementtoreplaceabrokencarsealwithanewseal.Ingeneral,definitionsarenotappropriatelocationsforenforceablerequirements.Therefore,theCARadoptedthedefinitionfromtheHONand40CFRpart60,subpartRRR.Therequirementforreplacingbrokencarsealsisincludedintheclosed-ventsystemprovisionsofsubpartGoftheCAR. ` TheCARsdefinitionof"closed-ventsystem"istakenfromthedefinitioninsubpartGoftheHONbuthasadditionallanguageaddedtoexcludevaporcollectionsystemsthatarepartofatanktruckorrailcar,andtoclearlydescribethesystemboundariesfortransferracks.TheCARdefinitiondiffersfromthosefoundin40CFRpart60,subpartsIII,NNN,andRRRwithrespecttothis clarificationforvaporsystems. +%(  ` TheCARincludesthedefinitionof"continuous parametermonitoringsystem"frompart63.Thistermreplacesthe"monitoringdevice"definitioninpart60andisusedforconsistency;itdoesnotconstituteachangeinmonitoringrequirements.XXXX@ ` TheCARsdefinitionof"connector"istakefromthe `  HONandexplicitlyexcludescertaintypesofconnectorsthatareincludedunderthedefinitionsof"connector"in40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61subpartV.TheCARexcludesjoinedfittingsthatareweldedcompletelyaroundthecircumferenceand,forpurposesofrecordkeepingandreporting,inaccessiblefittingsandceramicorceramiclinedfittings. ` "Halogenatedventstreamorhalogenatedstream"isdefinedin40CFRpart60,subpartsIII,NNN,andRRRbasedonpartspermillionbyvolume(ppmv)ofhalogenatedcompoundsinthestream(20ppmvorgreater).TheCARincorporatestheHONdefinition,whichdefinesahalogenatedstreamonthebasisofmassemissionrateofhalogenatoms(0.45kilogramsperhour).FurtherdiscussionofissuesassociatedwithdeterminationofhalogenatedventstreamsisincludedinsectionVI.Dofthispreamble. -`'*  ` TheCARdefinitionof"liquidsdripping"istakenfromtheHONsubpartH.Itismoreexplicitthanthedefinitionsin40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartVinthatitincludesexamplesofwhatconstitutesindicationsofliquidsdripping. ` "Processunitshutdown"isdefinedinallofthereferencingsubpartsforequipmentleaks.TheCARusesthedefinitionfromtheHONsubpartH,whichdiffersfromtheotherreferencingsubpartsinclarifyingwhenaprocessunitshutdownhasoccurred.TheCARdefinitionexplicitlystatesthataprocessunitshutdownhasoccurredonlywhen(1)theshutdownisplanned,(2)itoccursunderappropriatesafetyconstraints,and(3)repairscanbeeffected.Furthermore,a"processunitshutdown"hasnotoccurrediftheshutdownis(1)unplanned,and(2)lastsfortooshortatimeforprocessmaterialtobeclearedfromtheprocessunit,andresultsingreateremissionsthanwouldoccurwithdelayofrepair.#X@XXXå# H&" XXXX@ ` TheCARdefinitionsofcertaincontroldevicesinclude ((!$ severalchangesrelativetothereferencingsubparts.Thebasicdefinitionof"boiler"issimilaracrossalltheprocessventreferencingsubparts.However,thedefinition -`'* in40CFRpart60,subpartRRRandtheHONcontainadditionallanguagestatingthat"boiler"doesnotincludeincinerators.TheHONdefinitionalsostatesthat"boiler"doesincludeindustrialfurnaces.TheCARdefinitionincludesboththeseadditions(incineratorsarenotboilers,industrialfurnacesareboilers)aswellasathirdadditionstatingthatprocessheatersarenotboilers. ` TheCARsdefinitionof"incinerator"isunmodifiedfromtheHON.Thedefinitionin40CFRpart60,subpartsIIIandNNN,and40CFRpart61,subpartBBspecificallystatethatanincinerator"doesnotextractenergyintheformofstreamorprocessheat."However,theCARdefinitionclarifiesthattherecanbearecoverysectiontoanincineratoraslongasitisaseparatesectionthatisnotmanufacturedorassembledasasingleunitwiththecombustionsection.TheCARdefinitionalsoclarifies,relativetosubpartsDDDandIIIthatanincineratorcanuseauxiliaryfueltoheatwastegas. ` TheCARdefinitionof"processheater"providesasimilarclarificationthat,althoughheatingwatercannotbetheprimaryfunctionofaprocessheater,heatingwaterorgeneratingsteamcanbeasecondaryfunction.#X@XXXø# -`'*  ` Thedefinitionsof"repair"and"firstattemptatrepair"areconsistentwiththosein40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartV,buttheyincludeadditionallanguagefromtheHONstatingthatmonitoringtoverifyrepairisrequiredaspartoftherepair. ` Thedefinitionof"startup"istakenfromtheHON.Itclarifieswhatisincludedin"startup"definitionsinparts60and61byspecifyingsomeexamplesofequipmentandactivitiesincludedinstartup. ` Compliancewithstandardsandoperationandmaintenance H requirements.In65.3,theCARgeneralprovisions ( consolidateprovisionsregardingcompliancewithoperationandmaintenancerequirements.Theseprovisionsareconsistentwiththeprovisionsin40CFRpart63.Themainsourceofburdenreductionandclarityimprovementsfortheseprovisionsliesinthefactthatprovisionscontainedin40CFRpart63subpartsA,F,G,andHhavebeenconsolidatedinonelocation.SmallwordingchangesweremadeforclarityandtomodifytexttofittheCARstructure.Forexample,theHONstatesthatuseofacceptableoperationandmaintenanceprocedurescanbedeterminedbasedon(amongotherthings)astartup, -`'* shutdown,andmalfunctionplan.TheCARprovisionsclarifythatthestartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionplanisoptionalforequipmentleaks,unlesstheequipmentisequippedwithacontroldevice,inwhichcaseastartup,shutdownandmalfunctionplanisrequired.Thestartup,shutdownandmalfunctionplanwouldbeusedtodetermineacceptableoperationandmaintenanceproceduresonlyincaseswheresuchaplanisrequired.Otherclarifyinglanguageconsistsofmoredescriptiveparagraphtitlesandintroductorysentencesclearlyindicatingwhichstandardsareaddressedineachsubsection. ` TheCAR'sprovisionsoncompliancearealsoorganizeddifferentlyfromtheHON.TheCARcontainsallcompliancerequirementstogetheratthebeginningofthissection(65.3),andmovesthedetailedrequirementsforperformancetestsandthestartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionplan(whichareincludedwithintheHONcompliancesection)totheirownseparatesubsections.Withthisarrangement,provisionsintheCARareeasytolocatebysectionandsubsectionheadings. ` Inreviewingtheoperationandmaintenanceprovisionsforconsolidation,EPAnotedthattheHONdoesnotspecify -`'* thatmonitoringmustbeconductedduringstartup,shutdown,andmalfunction.Ofcourse,ifthemonitoritselfismalfunctioning,monitoringwouldnotberequired,assumingthatanyminimumdataavailabilityrequirementsaremet.WhiletheHONmakesreferencetomonitoringdataforperiodsofstartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionintheprovisionsregardingexcursionsthatoccurduringsuchperiods,therearenoexplicitrequirementsthatsuchmonitoringtakeplace.Therefore,intheCAR,EPAexplicitlyrequiresthatmonitorsmustbeinoperationexceptwhentheyaremalfunctioningorexcepttoavoiddamagecausedbycontemporaneousstartup,shutdown,ormalfunctionwithotherequipment.TheEPAsdiscussionswithindustryrepresentativesindicatethattherehavebeendifferinginterpretationsregardingmonitoringduringstartup,shutdown,andmalfunction,butthatrequirementstomonitorduringtheseperiodswouldnotsubstantiallyincreasethemonitoringburden.Withoutdatafromperiodsofstartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionEPAcannotdeterminetheextentofanexceedancewherenormaloperationhasbeenmisidentifiedasastartup,shutdown,ormalfunction.NorwouldEPAhavethedatatocomparetheeffectivenessof -`'* techniquestominimizeemissionsduringsuchepisodes.Asaresult,monitoringdataforperiodsofstartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionareconsideredessentialandareexplicitlyrequiredintheCAR. ` TheEPAhasalsoclarifiedwhatprovisionsdonotapplyduringstartup,shutdown,andmalfunction.TheHONbroadlystatesthattheprovisionsof40CFRpart63,subpartsF,G,andHdonotapplyduringstartup,shutdown,andmalfunction.ThishasbeenclarifiedintheCARtospecifythatitistheemissionstandardsandestablishedparameterrangesthatdonotapplyduringstartup,shutdown,andmalfunction.TheEPAreasonedthatthismorespecificreferencemoreaccuratelyreflectstheintentoftherule. ` Recordkeeping.TherecordkeepingsectionoftheCAR ` generalprovisionssetsforthbasicrequirementsrelatedtodurationofrecordsretention,andavailabilityandaccessibilityofrecords.Again,aprimarybenefitoftheseprovisionsisthattheymergeallthegeneralrecordkeepingandreportingprovisionsforallregulatedsourcesintooneplace.Whiletherequirementsaresubstantiallythesameas thoseintheHON,burdenreductionsareachievedthrough +%( simplification,clarification,andeliminationofredundancy.  ` TheCARrequirementsforrecordsretentionareclearerthanthoseinthereferencingsubpartsinthattheyexplicitlystaterecordretentiontimesfortitleVsources(5years)andnon-titleVsources(2years,unlessareferencingsubpartspecifiesotherwise.)Whilethe5-yearretentiontimefortitleVsourcesappliesforallrecordsrequiredundertheAct,retentiontimefortitleVsourcesisnotstatedexplicitlyinthe40CFRpart60and61generalprovisions. ` TheprovisionsforwheretheretainedrecordsmustbekeptisoneofveryfewinstancesintheCARwheretherequirementsarenotconsolidated.Inthiscase,twodifferentprovisionsaregiven:onethatappliestosourcesthataresubjecttotheHONandasecondprovisionthatappliestosourcessubjecttothe40CFRparts60and61referencingsubparts.TheprovisionthatappliestoHONsourcesisfromtheHON.Itstatesthatrecordsmustberetainedonsitefor6monthsandmustbeaccessiblewithin2hours.Fortheremaining4andyears,therecordsmayberetainedoffsite.Theprovisionthatappliestothe -`'* 40CFRparts60and61sourcesstatesthatrecordsmustberetainedonsitefor2years,butmayberetainedoffsitefortheremaining3years.TheHONprovisionresultedfromthesettlementagreementfortheHONlitigation.TheEPAconsidersitimportanttoretainthisprovisionasrevisedunderthelitigationforHONsources.Forthisprovision,EPAconsidersthatitisnotappropriatetoexpandtheapplicabilitybeyondtheHON.TheEPAisconcernedthatallowingrecordstobestoredoffsiteafter6monthswillmakeitdifficultforaninspectortodeterminecompliance.UndertheHON,EPAhasallowedrecordstobetakenoffsiteafter6monthstodeterminehowwellthisapproachworksandtoassesswhetheranyinspectionissuesarise.Atthistime,EPAdoesnothavesufficientinformationtowarrantexpandingthescopeofthisprovision.Therefore,adifferentprovisionisprovidedfornonHONreferencingsubparts. ` Reporting.ThereportingrequirementsintheCAR H&" generalprovisionspertaintoreportsthatarerequiredforallormostcomplyingsources.Notificationsandreportsthatarespecifictoparticularemissionpointsareaddressedinthesubpartsforeachparticulartypeof -`'* emissionpoint.ThegeneralprovisionreportingrequirementsincludeaNotificationofInitialStartup,anInitialNotificationofPart65Applicabilityfornon-titleVsources,andanInitialComplianceStatusReport. ` NotificationofInitialStartupisrequiredwithin15daysafterinitialstartupforanyregulatedsourcethathasimplementedtheCARatinitialstartup.ThenotificationundertheCARissimilartotheinitialnotificationinthereferencingsubparts. ` InitialNotificationofPart65ApplicabilityistheonlynewseparatereportrequiredintheCAR.ItisrequiredfornontitleVsourcesandmustincludeidentificationofeachsubjectemissionpointanditsapplicablepart65subpart,andaproposedimplementationschedule.Asanalternativeto"identifyingeachemissionpoint,"theprocessunitcontainingtheemissionpointscanbeidentifiedalongwiththekindofemissionpointintheprocessunitthatwillcomply.TitleVsourcesarenotrequiredtosubmitthisnotificationsincethisinformationwouldbeincludedintheirtitleVpermitapplicationormodificationrequest. -`'*  ` TheInitialComplianceStatusReportisrequiredforallnewregulatedsourcescomplyingwiththeCARandisduewithin240daysaftertheapplicablecompliancedatesetinthereferencingsubpart,or60daysaftertheinitialperformancetest,whicheverisearlier.ThecontentsoftheInitialComplianceStatusReportpertainprimarilytoperformancetestsandaredifferentforeachtypeofemissionpoint.Thereportingrequirementsarethereforespecifiedintheapplicablesubpart.Sincesourcesmayberequiredtoconductmorethanoneperformancetest,theCARallowstheinformationoneachperformancetesttobesubmittedseparately,60daysaftereachtestiscompleted.TheCARallowsmoretimetosubmittheperformancetestthanthereferencingsubpartsbecausetheCARwillaffectmoreemissionpointsatafacility.TheEPAdeemeditappropriatetoallowmoretimetocompletealloftheperformancetestsandreports. ` Thegeneralprovisionsreportingrequirementsalsospecifythetimingandfrequencyofperiodicreports.Onlysemiannualperiodicreportsarerequired.TheCARhasclarifiedandsimplifiedwhentheperiodicreportsaredueandwhatthereportingperiodis.TheCARallowsmoretime -`'* (60daysaftertheendofeach6-monthperiod)forperiodicreportsthantheNSPSgeneralprovisions(30days),becausethecombinedreportrequiredbytheCARwillbelargerandwilltakemoretimetoprepare.TheCARsperiodicreports,likethoseintheHON,covermultipleemissionpoints;the60dayreportingdateistakenfromHON. ` TheCARhasgreatlysimplifiedthelanguageregardingreportsubmittal.TheCARsprovisionsonwheretosendreportsarebasedontheHON,butreducesixparagraphsoftexttooneshortparagraph.TheHONrequiresthatallreportsbesenttoEPARegionalOffices,andalsotoStateagenciesonceauthorityhasbeendelegatedtotheState.SincereportsgenerallymustnowbesenttobothofficesundertitleV,theCARsimplyrequiresthatallreportsbesubmittedtotherelevantRegionalOfficeandStateagency.TheCARalsoincludesanewprovisionallowingRegionalOfficestowaivereportingtoEPA. ` AnothernewprovisionintheCARallowsanowneroroperatortosubmitsemiannualreportsonthesamescheduleasthetitleVperiodicreports.Furthermore,ifasemiannualreportrequiresthesameinformationasthatsubmittedwithatitleVreport,thesemiannualreportneed -`'* onlyreferencethetitleVreportfortheinformation.Inaddition,asourceowneroroperatorcanarrangewiththeAdministratoracommonscheduleforreporting,andmay,uponapproval,adjustthepostmarkortimeperioddeadlinetocoincidewithstatereportingschedules.ThisaddedflexibilityforreportingschedulescanreducethenumberandfrequencyofreportsubmittalforsourcescomplyingwiththeCAR. ` Startup,shutdown,andmalfunction.Ingeneral,owners h andoperatorschoosingtocomplywiththeCAR,includingnon-HONsources,arerequiredtodevelopandimplementawrittenplanforoperatingandmaintainingthesourceduringperiodsofstartup,shutdown,andmalfunction.Theseprovisionsarebasedonthestartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionrequirementsfromthe40CFRpart63generalprovisionsandtheHON(63.151and63.152of40CFRpart63,subpartG).ChangeshavebeenmadetofittheCARformat,buttheintentandpurposeofthestartup,shutdown,malfunctionplanhavebeenmaintainedasinpart63.AswiththeHON,thisplanisoptionalforequipmentcomplyingwithsubpartFoftheCAR(theequipmentleakprovisions),exceptthatitismandatoryforequipmentequippedwitha -`'* controldevice.However,anycontroldevicesusedforcompliancewiththeequipmentleaksprovisionsaresubjecttosubpartGoftheCAR,ratherthansubpartF,andthereforerequireawrittenplanforstartup,shutdownandmalfunction. ` Thegeneralprovisionsforparts60and61donotrequireastartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionplan.However,theultimateeffectoftheCARplanistoreducethereportingburdenassociatedwithstartup,shutdownandmalfunction.Aslongasastartup,shutdown,ormalfunctionishandledaccordingtotheplan,sourcesneedonlyreportthattheeventoccurred.Thereportcanbesubmittedasasemiannualnotice,oritcanbesubmittedaspartoftheperiodicreport.Thisprocedurereplacesthepart60and61requirementstosubmitdetailedreportsforeachstartup,shutdown,andmalfunction.Therefore,eventhoughtheplanmustbemaintained,theCARpotentiallyreducesthetotalnumberandcomplexityofthereports.! X'X! ` TheCARdoesnotadoptthe40CFRpart63generalprovisionrequirementthatthestartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionplanbeincorporatedintothesourcestitleVpermit.Inkeepingwiththememorandum"Incorporationof -`'* Startup,Shutdown,MalfunctionPlansintoSourcesTitleVPermits"fromtheDirectorofOAQPStoRegionalAirDirectors(January18,1996),regardingincorporationofthestartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionplanintotitleVpermits,theCARclarifiesthattheplanmustbemaintainedonsitebutnotnecessarilyincorporatedbyreferenceintoatitleVpermit.Thepermitmust,however,includetheenforceablerequirementtohaveaplanandtomaintaintheplanonsite.Sincetheplanisrequiredtobeperiodicallyupdated,incorporationbyreferencewouldmakeatitleVpermitmodificationnecessaryforeachrevisiontotheplanandwould,therefore,becounterproductive. ` TheCARalsocontainsrevisedprovisionsregardingreasonsforfindingastartup,shutdown,malfunctionplantobeinadequateandrequiringthatitberevised.PlansareconsideredinadequateundertheHONiftheyfailtoprovidefortheoperationoftheregulatedsourceduringstartup,shutdown,andmalfunctiontominimizeemissionstoatleastthelevelsrequiredbyallrelevantstandards.However,EPAdecidedthatemissionsduringstartup,shutdown,andmalfunction,whileneedingtobeminimizedinaccordancewithgoodairpollutioncontrolpractice,cannotalwaysbe -`'* minimizedtothelevelsrequiredbythestandards.Itisimpractical,aswellascontradictorywithotherprovisions,toexpectsourcestocontinuallymeetapplicableemissionstandardswhileexperiencingastartup,shutdown,ormalfunction.PlansundertheCARmustonlyprovidethatemissionsbeminimizedtotheextentpracticalinamannerconsistentwithgoodairpollutioncontrolpractices. ` Althoughtheprovisionsof40CFR63.6(e)(1)(i)ofsubpartAarenotincludedintheCAR,theseprovisionsarelikelytoberequiredinfuturerulemakings.Theseprovisionsstate:8 ` 8 ` ` Atalltimes,includingperiodsofstartup,shutdown,andmalfunction,ownersoroperatorsshalloperateandmaintainanyaffectedsource,includingassociatedairpollutioncontrolequipment,inamannerconsistentwithgoodairpollutioncontrolpracticesforminimizingemissionsatleasttothelevelsrequiredbyallrelevantstandards.  x x TheHON,asitwasrevisedby62FR2721,January17,1997specificallyoverridesthisprovisionofthepart63generalprovisions.TheCARincorporatestheHONprovisionsbecauseitisthesimplestapproachthatupholdsthelanguagenegotiatedintheHONlitigationsettlement,andEPAhasappliedittopart60andpart61sourcesforsimplicityand .P(+ consistency.ItshouldbenotedthattheHON,throughthegeneralprovisions[40CFR63.6(e)(3)(vii)(B)],requiresthatthestartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionplanincludeprovisionsspecifyinghowanowneroroperatorwill"providefortheoperationofthesource(includingassociatedairpollutioncontrolequipment)duringastartup,shutdown,ormalfunctioneventinamannerconsistentwithgoodairpollutioncontrolpractices..."TheCARincorporatesthisprovision.TheHONalsorequiresthatduringastartup,shutdown,andmalfunction"...theowneroroperatorshallimplement,totheextentreasonablyavailable,measurestopreventorminimizeexcessemissionstotheextentpractical."Thisprovisionactstoreplacetheprovisionsof40CFR63.6(e)(1)(i)ofsubpartAintheHONandtheCAR.However,EPAbelievesthatexplicitlyrequiringoperationconsistentwithgoodairpollutioncontrolpracticesatalltimesisnotunreasonableandislikelytocontinuetoberequiredinfuturerulemakings. ` Certainprovisionsinthepart63generalprovisionsregardingimmediatereportingofperiodsofstartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionhavenotbeenincludedintheCAR.Theseprovisionsrequireanimmediatereportofanyactions -`'* takenduringastartup,shutdown,ormalfunctionthatarenotconsistentwiththestartup,shutdown,ormalfunctionplan.TheEPAdeterminedthatsuchreportsappeartobeinconsistentwithprovisionsfromsubpartGoftheHONrequiringthatsuchactionsbereportedintheperiodicreportratherthananimmediatereport.TheCARincorporatestheprovisionsfromtheHONsubpartG,sincetheyrequirereportsthataresufficienttoensurecontinuouscomplianceandarepotentiallylessburdensome.TheCARalsoallowsstartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionreports,titleVperiodicreports,andCARperiodicreportstobesubmittedtogether. ` Asemiannualsummaryreportoftheoccurrencesanddurationsofeachstartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionduringwhichexcessemissionsoccurisrequiredbytheCARgeneralprovisions.Thereportisthecompaniontotherecordsspecifiedin65.162(a)and65.163(c)oftheCAR,whichnotonlyrequirerecordsofoccurrencesanddurations,butalsoprovideforotherrecordsassociatedwithstartup,shutdown,andmalfunction(suchasarecordthattheproceduresinthestartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionplanwerefollowed).Thesummaryreportisrequiredif,duringa -`'* semi-annualreportingperiod,(1)thetotaldurationofperiodsofinoperationormalfunctionofaCPMSisequaltoorgreaterthan5percentofthetotaloperatingtimeforthereportingperiod,or(2)thetotaldurationofperiodsofstartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionduringwhichexcessemissionsoccurforaregulatedsourceareequaltoorgreaterthan1percentofthatregulatedsourcesoperatingtimeforthereportingperiod.Thissummaryreportisincludedinthestartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionreport,whichcanbeincludedintheperiodicreport.TheHONdoesnotspecifythatthisinformationbesubmittedwiththestartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionreport.TheEPAconsidersthisanimportantadditiontothestartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionprovisions,becauseitwouldhighlightwhenastartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionconditionexistsforasignificantamountoftime,andwouldalsoindicateaconditionthathappensfrequentlyduringasemiannualperiod.Nevertheless,thisisasubstantialburdenreductionfromthereferencingNSPS,whichrequiredetailedreportsonthecausesofexcessemissionsandsummaryreportswhenthetotaldurationofexcessemissionsforthereportingperiodislessthan1percentofthetotal -`'* operatingtimeforthereportingperiod,andwhenCPMSdowntimeislessthan5percentofthetotaloperatingtimeforthereportingperiod. ` Waiversandalternatives.TheCARconsolidatesthe   mechanismforrequestingalternativesandwaiversformonitoring,recordkeeping,andreporting.Theseprovisionsdescribewhatisrequiredoftheapplicant,andtheproceduresforapprovalordenialofthealternativeorwaiver.TheCARspecificallyallowsalternativesforrecordkeepingaswellasmonitoring,whilethereferencingsubpartsgeneralprovisionsspecifyalternativemonitoringmethodsonly. ` TheCARalsoincludesproceduresforrequestingapprovalofanalternativemeansofemissionlimitationfordesign,equipment,workpractice,oroperationalstandards,asdospecificsubpartsinpart60,thepart61generalprovisions,andtheHON.TheCAR'slanguageisbasedonlanguagefromtheHON,subpartF,buttheCARclarifiesthatalternativemeansofemissionlimitationarenotapplicabletoperformancestandards.Performancestandardsdonotspecifyameanstolimitemissions,soanymeansisalreadyacceptable. -`'*  ` TheCARgeneralprovisionsincludeconsolidatedadministrativerequirementsectionson"AvailabilityofInformationandConfidentiality,""StateAuthority,""ProhibitedActivitiesandCircumvention,"and"IncorporationbyReference."TheCARincludesminorwordingchangesandclarificationstothepart63language;forexample,intheprohibitionsprovisions,theprohibitiononfailingtoreportiseliminatedandreplacedthroughouttheCARwiththespecificrequirementstoreport. ` &  C.StorageVesselProvisions ` The'HԀstoragevesselprovisionsconsolidatetherequirementsof40CFRpart60,subpartsKa(petroleumliquidsstorage)andKb(volatileorganicliquidsstorage),40CFRpart61,subpartY(benzenestorage),and40CFRpart63,subpartG(HONstorage).ThereferencingsubpartswilldirectstoragevesselstosubpartCoftheCAR,whichspecifiesthecomplianceoptionsforstoragevessels.SubpartCcontainsthecontrolrequirementsforfloatingroofsonly.SubpartCreferencessubpartGforthecontrolrequirementsforcontroldevices(includingflares)androutingtoaprocessorfuelgassystem.Thissplitinrequirementsfacilitatesconsolidationandreducestext. -`'* Forexample,theflareprovisionsdonothavetobelistedinmultipleplacesintheCAR.Thisstructureclarifiesandsimplifiesthereferencingsubpartswhichmaypresenttheflarerequirementsondifferentbases,indifferentformats,andinmultiplelocations(includingtheindividualgeneralprovisions). ` Thereareseveralcomplianceoptionsforstoragevessels,butnotallstoragevesselsqualifyforalloptions.Ownersandoperatorsofstoragevesselscontainingliquidwithalow(lessthan76.6kiloPascal)maximumtruevaporpressurehavetheoptiontocomplybyusinganinternalfloatingroof(IFR),externalfloatingroof(EFR),oranEFRconvertedintoanIFR.StoragevesselsundertheCARequippedwithfloatingroofsareonlyrequiredtocomplywiththeprovisionsinsubpartCoftheCAR.However,thereareothercontroloptionsavailabletoallstoragevessels,including:(1)routingemissionsthroughaclosed-ventsystemtoaflareorcontroldevice,and(2)routingemissionstoaprocessorfuelgassystem.Thosevesselsequippedwithaclosed-ventsystemorthathaveemissionsroutedtoaprocessorfuelgassystemmustalsocomplywithsubpartGoftheCAR.Forthosevessels,subpartC -`'* specifiesa95percentreductioncontrolefficiencyforcontroldevicesanditprovidesfor240hoursperyeardowntimeforplannedroutinemaintenanceofflaresorcontroldevices.Inaddition,subpartCclarifiesthattheperformancerequirementsforflaresandcontroldevicesdonotapplyduringplannedroutinemaintenanceorcontrolsystemmalfunctions. ` Anallowancefordowntimeforplannedroutinemaintenanceofcontroldevicesiscontainedinboth40CFRpart61,subpartYandtheHON.ThedowntimeallowanceisincludedintheCARinsubpartC,whileanassociatedrecordisrequiredwiththeothercontroldevicerecordsinsubpartG.The40CFRpart60,subpartsKaandKbdonotincludethisallowance. ` SubpartYof40CFRpart61andtheHONstoragevesselprovisionsprovidedowntimeforplannedroutinemaintenanceforallstoragevesselcontroldevices.TheHONallows240hoursperyearandsubpartYallows72hoursperyear.TheEPAbelievesthatforSOCMIstoragevessels,itisacceptabletoallow240hoursperyeardowntimeforroutinemaintenanceforcontroldevices,thusprovidingoperationalflexibilitywithoutcreatingasignificantpotentialfor -`'* environmentaldegradation.TheEPAmaintainsthatitmaybeappropriateforstoragevesselsassociatedwithotherindustriestobeallowedlessdowntimedependingontheuseandmaintenanceactivitiesoftheindustry. ` NewCARstructureandothersignificantchangesfrom   theHON.Thissectionidentifiestherationaleandbenefit `  ofthestructureoftheCARstoragevesselprovisions.ItalsooutlinesthesignificantdifferencesbetweenthestoragevesselprovisionsinthereferencingsubpartsandthoseintheCAR.Insomecases,theCARclarifiesthelanguageadoptedfromtheHON;inothers,HONconceptshavebeenextendedtotheotherstoragevesselrules.WhiletheCARincorporatestheHONstoragevesselprovisions,theCARprovisionshavebeenstructuredtobettermatchproceduresandoperationsataplant.TheCARstructureisanewapproachtoallofthereferencingsubparts.Ataplantsite,thepersonnelresponsiblefordesigningorredesigningstoragevesselsarenottypicallythesamepersonnelresponsibleforoperatingthevessels.Likewise,differentpersonnelareinchargeofinspectingvessels,andtheymaynotbethesamepersonnelthatrepairthevessels.Inaddition,plantenvironmentalstaffmaybeinchargeof -`'* keepingrecordsandmakingreportsalthoughtheyhavenootherstoragevesselresponsibilities. ` Basedonindustrysuggestions,theprovisionsforIFRsandEFRsareorganizedintodesign,operation,inspection,repair,andrecordkeepingandreportingrequirements.Thismorecloselyreflectshowplantpersonnelactuallyfunctionincomplyingwiththereferencingsubpartsandthemodularformatisclearerforeachaudience.Storagevesseloperators,forexample,donotnecessarilyneedtobefamiliarwiththeinspectionrequirements. ` TheCARalsoclarifiesthestoragevesselrequirementsofthereferencingsubpartsbyspecifyinghowfloatingroofsshouldbemonitored.WhiletheHONprovisions,whichformthebasisofCARprovisions,requireonlyannualinspectionoffloatingroofs,industryrepresentativeswereconcernedthattherequirementineachofthereferencingsubpartsthatIFRsandEFRsmustfloatatalltimesimpliesthatcontinuousmonitoringisrequired;however,noexplicitprovisionsareprovidedfordemonstratingcontinuouscompliance.TheEPAdoesnotconsidercontinuousmonitoringnecessarytoensurethatroofsremainfloatingatalltimes;EPAconsidersannualobservationtobeadequate.TheCAR -`'* requiresthatroofsbeinspectedforfloatingstatusduringanannualinspectionandatanyothertimetheroofisviewed.ThisclarificationwasdeemednecessarytoprovideapracticalmeanstoensurethatIFRsandEFRsfloatatalltimes,anditprovidesameansofachievingtheenvironmentalprotectionintendedbythereferencingsubpartsinamannerthatispotentiallylessburdensometotheindustry. ` AnotherclarificationtothereferencingsubpartsincorporatedintotheCARistheoperatingrequirementtoemptyatankwhenevertheroofisrestingonthelegsupports.Allthestoragevesselreferencingsubpartsstatethatwhentheroofrestsonthelegsupports,theprocessoffilling,emptying,orrefillingthevesselshallbecontinuousandaccomplishedassoonaspossible.Thishasbeeninterpretedtomeanthattheliquidlevelinavesselcanbedroppedbelowtheleglevelonlywhenthevesselistobecompletelyemptied.Thiscanresultineither:(1)aneffective"loss"ofavailabletankcapacityiftheowneroroperatormaintainsthelevelatanadequatemarginabovethelegsupportstopreventfluctuationswithoutrestingtheroofonthelegs,or(2)arequirementto -`'* completelyemptythevesseliffluctuationslowertheliquidlevelbelowtheleglevel.Emptyingavesselwouldincreasethevaporspacebetweentheroof(asitrestsonthelegsupports)andtheliquidlevel,thusincreasingemissions.Emptyingavesselcanalsoresultinsignificantexpenseinmaintainingextratanksorbargestohandletheemptiedliquid. ` Theintentoftheprovisioninthereferencingsubpartsistopreventtheliquidlevelfromrisingandfallingwhiletheroofisrestingonthesupports.Whiletheroofisonthesupports,fluctuationsintheliquidlevelgenerateemissionsbyincreasingthevaporspacebetweentheroofandtheliquidlevelastheliquidlevelfalls,andthenpushingthesevaporsoutofthevesselasthelevelrises.Emissionsareminimizedifthevaporspaceisminimized.Notrequiringemptyingthetankiftheliquidlevelfallsbelowtheroofsupportswouldminimizethevaporspace.Emissionsarealsominimizedwhentheliquidlevelisraisedduringacontinuousfilltoapointwheretheroofisagainfloating,withoutaninterveningdropintheliquidlevel.TheCARlanguageisarevisionofthelanguageinthereferencingsubpartswhichrequiresonlythatoncetheroof -`'* isrestingonthelegs,theprocessoffillingorrefillingmustbecontinuousanddoneassoonaspractical.TheCARdefinitionof"empty"or"emptying"isalsoclarifiedtospecifythatwhentheliquidleveldropsbelowtheroofsupportsduringnormaloperation,theeventisnotconsideredemptying.Therefore,noneoftheprovisionsthatmustoccuruponemptyingaretriggered.(ThenoteintheHONprovisionstothiseffectisnotneededwiththeclarificationsintheCAR.) ` Sincerestingtheroofonitslegsupportswhilethetankisinserviceisnotacommonoccurrence,thisrevisionisunlikelytosignificantlyaffectemissions,buttherevisionprovidesoperationalrelieftotheowneroroperatorwhenunforeseeninventoryproblemsforcetheliquidleveltodropbelowthelegsupports.Itshouldbenotedthatanewrecordkeepingrequirementhasbeencreatedtodocumentwhenthisoccurs[65.47(e)].However,thebenefitsofaddedoperatingflexibilityandoftheclarifiedlanguage,whichhelpsavoidinterpretationconflicts,faroutweightheslightadditionalburdenofcreatinganew record. +%(  ` Anothersignificantburdenreductionforstorage vesselsconcernstimeextensionsforrepairandforsealgapmeasurementsofunsafevessels.Underseveralofthereferencingsubparts,avesselisrequiredtoberepairedwithin45daysiffailures(asdefinedforstoragevesselfloatingroofs)arefoundduringthevesselinspection.Ifthevesselcannotberepairedwithin45days,asingleextensionofupto30daystoemptythevesselandremoveitfromservicemayberequestedfromtheAdministrator.TheprovisionsintheproposedCARallowuptotwoextensionsofupto30calendardayseachwithoutpriorAdministratorapproval.Thesourceoperatorisonlyrequiredtodocumentthebasisfortheextensionandretainrecordsofrepairsandreporttheminthenextperiodicreport.ExtendingtheexemptionsfromtheHONtoallstoragevesselscomplyingwiththeCARcreatesaconsistentapproachtocompliance.Allowingextensionsforrepaircreatesoperationalflexibilitywithoutsignificantlyaffectingemissions. ` TheCARalsoincorporatestheHONsmoreflexibleprovisionsforinstanceswhereperformingsealgapmeasurementmaybeunsafe.Thesourceoperatorisalloweduptotwoextensionsofupto30dayseachtoemptyand -`'* removeavesselfromserviceonceitisdeterminedtobeunsafe.ThereferencingsubpartsotherthantheHONdonotincludespecialprovisionsforinstanceswhereperformingsealgapmeasurementswouldbeunsafe.Allowingextensionsforsafetypurposesincorporatesthatlatest"commonsense"approachtosealgapmeasurementprocedures. ` TheconceptofanEFRconvertedintoanIFRiscontainedintheHONbutisnotincludedintheotherstoragevesselreferencingsubparts.NoadditionalrequirementsarespecifiedintheHON.Instead,itclarifieswhichEFRrequirementsandwhichIFRrequirementsapplytothesestoragevessels.TheCARincorporatesthisclarificationbyincludingaspecialsectionforconvertedstoragevessels.Thesectionpointsoutwhichprovisionsshouldbefollowed,butdoesnototherwisecontainadditionalrequirements.Thisclarificationincorporatesthemostcurrentapproachtocontrolandbetterrepresentssituationsthatcanoccurintheindustry. ` Otherchangesfromthereferencingsubparts.Several ((!$ burdenreducingchangesweremadetotherecordkeepingandreportingprovisionsforstoragevessels.Thechangesfromthereferencingsubpartscreateaconsolidatedprogramthat -`'* willincreaseclarityandcompliancewhilereducingindustryburden.Thesechangesarediscussedbelow. ` TheproposedCARprovidesfor90daysasthetimewithinwhichgapmeasurementswouldberequiredonceavesselthathadbeenoutofserviceforover1yearisrefilled.TheHONand40CFRpart61,subpartYalsoallow90days;however,40CFRpart60,subpartsKaandKbspecify60days.Therefore,the90dayallowancewouldprovideaburdenreductionforpart60storagevesselscomplyingwiththeCAR. ` ThetimingofreportsforstoragevesselshasbeenstandardizedinsubpartCoftheCAR.Forboththepriornoticeofgapmeasurementsandnoticeofvesselfillingorrefilling,theCARretainsthesame30-dayrequirementincludedineachofthereferencingsubparts.However,theCARrequiresresultsofdefectinspections,sealgapmeasurementresults,andsealgapexceedencestobereportedintheperiodicsemiannualreport,astheyareintheHON.Thesereportsin40CFRpart60,subpartsKaandKb,and40CFRpart61,subpartYarerequiredeither30or60daysaftertheinspection,dependingontheregulation.TheCARsconsolidatedsubmittalsprovideareportingburden -`'* reductionfor40CFRpart60,subpartsKaandKb,and40CFRpart61,subpartYsources. ` NotificationsforrefillingavesselthathasbeenemptiedandnotificationspriortosealgapmeasurementofEFRsarerequiredasintheHON.However,wherethesenotificationsarealsosenttoaStateorlocalagency,acopytoEPAisnotrequired.Inreviewingtheuseofthesenotifications,EPAdeterminedthattheStatesandlocalagenciesusedthereportstoobserverefillingincaseswheretheyarethedelegatedauthority.TheStateorlocalagencymayalsowaivethesenotifications. ` TheproposedCARprovisionsrequirelessinformationforsealgapmeasurementreportsthantheHONdoes.Forexample,forEFRsealgapmeasurements,sourceswouldnotberequiredtoreportrawdataorcalculationsofeachmeasurement,asspecifiedintheHONprovisions.OnlytheresultofthegapmeasurementcalculationsthatindicatenoncompliancearerequiredundertheCAR;vesselswithsealgapmeasurementsthatareincomplianceneedonlybelisted.Becausethemoredetailedrawdatawouldstillberetainedasanonsiterecord,EPAbelievesthatreportingitwouldbeunnecessary. -`'*  ` RecordsofinspectionshavealsobeenstreamlinedintheproposedCAR.Forexample,40CFRpart60,subpartKbrequiressourcestorecordtheconditionofeachcomponentinspected.TheCARrequiresonlyarecordthattheinspectionhasbeenperformedonaspecificvessel,thedateofinspection,andareferencetothetypeofinspectionperformed.Theserecordscouldconsistofasimplechecklistofsubjectstoragevesselswithdatesenteredforparticularinspectionsperformed.TheproposedCARrequiresadescriptionoftheconditionofacomponentonlyifaproblemisdetected. ` Additionalrequirementsresultingfromtheconsolidated  program.ThissectiondetailstheprovisionsoftheCAR  thatarebasedontheHONlanguageandthatintroducechangestotheotherreferencingsubparts.Thesechanges,whichmayimposeadditionalburden,primarilytosubpartKatanks,asdetailedbelow,shouldbeconsideredinrelationtoallthepositiveadvantagesofconsolidatingthedesignrequirementsaswellasthosepreviouslydiscussedforstoragevesselcomplyingwiththeCAR. ` Therequirementsforstoragevesselspreviouslycomplyingwith40CFRpart60,subpartKaaresignificantly -`'* differentundertheCAR.ThesedifferencesprimarilyincludedesignrequirementsforfloatingroofsandtheallowanceforavapormountedsealforanEFR.ModeledaftertheHONprovisions,theCARdesignspecificationsrequireasecondarysealaboveavapormountedsealforanIFR,andtheydonotallowvapormountedsealsforanEFR.SubpartKaof40CFRpart60allowsvapormountedsealsforEFRsanddoesnotspecifytypesofsealsforIFRs.Ingeneral,itisexpectedthatstoragevesselssubjectto40CFRpart60,subpartKawillrequireupgradinginordertocomplywiththeCAR'sfloatingroofdesignrequirements. ` OtherdifferencesincludetheCAR'srequirementsforsealgapmeasurementandIFRinspectionandrepairprocedures.Ownersandoperatorswithstoragevesselssubjectto40CFRPart60,subpartKaarerequiredtohave"nogaps"inthesecondaryseal,buttheruledoesnotprovideanyexplicitproceduresfordeterminingcompliance.TheCAR'sexplicitproceduresprovideclarity.Likewise,theCARsexplicitrequirementsforrepairproceduresandtimeframesarenowincludedforstoragevesselspreviouslycomplyingwith40CFRpart60,subpartKa.Similarly,subpartKaof40CFRpart60doesnotspecifyanyIFR -`'* inspectionorrepairprovisions.TheexplicitCARprovisions,basedontheHON,arenewtosourcessubjectto40CFRpart60,subpartKa.AnotherdesignrequirementthatwouldbenewtothesestoragevesselsistheCARprovisionrequiringthatcoversontheroofbegasketed. ` DesignrequirementsforguidepolesarefoundintheHONandareusedintheCAR.TheCARrequiresgasketedcapsonunslottedguidepoles(exceptforantirotationaldevicesequippedwithaweldedcap)andgasketedfloats(orotherdevices)onslottedguidepoles.Bothoftheserequirementsarenewto40CFRpart60,subpartsKaandKband40CFRpart61,subpartY. ` D.ProcessVentProvisions ` Theprocessventprovisionsconsolidatetheprocessventrequirementsof40CFRpart60,subpartsIII(airoxidationprocessvents),NNN(distillationvents),andRRR(reactorvents),andpart63,subpartG(HONprocessvents).TheprocessventssubpartintheCAR,subpartD,providesignificantopportunityforconsolidationbecausetheprocessventreferencingsubpartsaresimilarintheir structureandrequirements. +%(  ` SubpartDoftheCARcontainsalltheprovisionsfor theperformancestandards;determiningifcontrol,monitoring,orneitherisrequired;TREindexvaluedeterminations;processchanges;andmonitoring,reporting,andrecordkeepingforventsthatcomplywithouttheuseofeitherarecoveryorcontroldevice.VentsthatcomplybyusingrecoveryorcontroldevicesarealsosubjecttosubpartGoftheCARforfurtherprovisionsregardingoperation,monitoring,recordkeepingandreportingforcontrolandrecoverydevices.ThissectiondiscussessubpartDoftheCAR;sectionV.GandHdiscusssubpartGoftheCAR. ` Languageclarificationandconsolidation.Thissection  presentstherationaleanduseofsomeoftheterminologyusedintheprocessventssubpartoftheCAR.ItpointsouttheinitialconfusionorrepetitivelanguageinthereferencingsubpartsaswellasthechangesproposedintheCAR.ThecontrolrequirementsforventsarethesameacrossallthereferencingsubpartsandeachalsohasprovisionsforusingTREindexvaluesforclassifyingventsintothreecategories,asfollows:controlrequired,nocontrolrequiredbutmonitoringrequired,ornocontrolrequiredand -`'* nomonitoringrequired.Whiletheperformancestandardsforventsarethesameinthereferencingsubparts,thelanguageusedtodescribethethreeventclassificationsisnot.The40CFRpart60rulesuselongtextdescriptionsthatciteTREindexvalue,concentration,andflowratetodescribeeachventclassificationeverytimethelanguagereferstoaventclassification.TheHONuses"Group1"and"Group2"todistinguishprocessventswherecontrolisandisnotrequired,buttheHONalsouseslongdescriptionswheneverGroup2ismentionedtodescribeifmonitoringisrequiredornot.Thesedifferentapproachesnotonlycreateconfusionbutalsosignificantlyexpandthelanguage. ` TheCARexpandsontheHONtermsthatdescribeeachventclassificationbyestablishingnomenclatureforeachclassification.Processventswherecontrolisrequiredarereferredtoas"Group1."Processventswherecontrolisnotrequiredbutmonitoringisrequiredarereferredtoas"Group2A."Processventswhereneithercontrolnormonitoringarerequiredarereferredtoas"Group2B."Thischangeallowsforlessoveralltextandmakestheruleeasiertoreadandunderstand,therebyresultinginbettercomplianceandfacilitatingenforcement.Theconsistent -`'* terminologyfortheseventsthroughouttheCARalsoreducesconfusioninrecordkeepingandreportingandmakesclassificationofspecificventseasier.TheremainderofthissectionwillrefertoprocessventsbyusingtheGroup1,Group2A,andGroup2BterminologytoindicatetheventclassificationspecifiedbytheCARorbythereferencingsubparts. ` Consolidationofrequirements.Thissectiondiscusses   whichprocessventprovisionsandapproachesinthereferencingsubpartswereconsolidatedtocreatetheCARprocessventsubparts.Thesignificantchanges,includingdiscussionsoftherationaleandbenefitsofthechanges,arehighlightedbelow. ` Theconsolidatedrequirementsforprocessventgroupdeterminationissummarizedintable2.Severalventcharacteristics(TREindexvalue,flowrate,andconcentration)areusedinthereferencingsubpartsto  h$  determinegroupstatus.However,variabilityexistsacrossthereferencingsubpartsinthevaluesthatareusedforthesecharacteristics.WherepossibletheCARhasconsolidatedthesecriteriatoproposearulethatisconsistentforallvents.@$ $ TABLE2.THECARPROCESSVENTGROUPDETERMINATIONS&m%XX@Ԉ @  *edd dd (#(#e, dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  & P  &Ventstreamcharacteristic QD2("C&& QGroupassignment 4*$L" 4 @6 X  ?1?@1 F<1$"  ?1 ? F2A '$" '2B !z$" !Totalresourceeffectiveness(TRE) 'zpz '1.0 'z,z '>1.0to4.0 'z,z '>4.0 $,z $  x and  x and  x or  x Flowrate  P 0.011scmm  P  0.011scmm  P! <0.011scmm  P"   X# and  X$ and  X% or  X& Pollutantconcentrationt a0 t   ( 300ppmv 0) TOC   * 300ppmv 0+ TOC   , <300ppmvTOC   .   | / 50ppmv | 0 HAP  X!1 50ppmv | 2 HAP  X!3 <50ppmvHAP  X!5 Control +"`6 +Controlrequired +#<8 +Nocontrol;monitorrequired +$; +Nocontrolandnomonitoring($>   (' D' a0D' ' Processventssubjectonlyto40CFRpart60subpartIIIor40CFRpart63,subpartGarenoteligibleforthe300ppmvTOCconcentrationcutoff.Processventssubjectto40CFRpart63,subpartGareeligibleforthe50ppmvHAPconcentrationcutoff.Processventssubjecttoonlythe40CFRpart60,subpartsarenoteligibleforthe50ppmvHAPconcentrationcutoff. #X@X%&mA# l,&F  ` Eachoftheprocessventsubpartsbeingconsolidated usedaTREindexvaluetodeterminegroupstatus.The40CFRpart60rulesandtheHONusesimilarparameters(forexample,flowrate,heatingvalue)butdifferentcoefficientsintheequations,yieldingdifferentTREindexvalues.TheCARcontainsasingleequationalongwithaccompanyingtablescontainingalltheneededcoefficients.Thecoefficientsvarydependingonprocessventstreamparametersandthereferencingpart(HONorNSPS).ThesingleequationeliminatestheneedtoduplicateintheCARmanypagesofequationsfromthereferencingsubparts.Whilethenewequationlooksdifferentfromthoseinthereferencingsubparts,ityieldsthesameTREindexvaluesand,therefore,doesnotchangeanyapplicabilitydeterminations. ` ThedifferentcoefficientsfortheHONandtheNSPSrulesarenecessarytoavoidalteringthestringencyofthereferencingsubparts.TheTREindexequationsessentiallyareusedtodeterminewhetherornotaparticularventstreamiscosteffectivetocontrol(intermsofcostperunitofpollutionreduced).ThecoefficientsoftheTREequationvarybecausesourcecategoryspecificdecisions -`'* weremadepertainingtoacceptablelevelsofcosteffectivenessineachrule.ConsolidatingtoasinglesetofcoefficientswouldchangetheTREindexvalueand,therefore,changetheapplicabilitycriteriaofthereferencingsubparts. ` TherearesomeminordifferencesamongthereferencingsubpartsintheprovisionsregardingthenumericallevelsforTREindexvalue,flowrate,andconcentrationthatareusedindetermininggroupstatus(Group1,Group2A,orGroup2B). ` Group2AventsarerequiredtomonitorcertainparameterstoensurethattheTREindexvalueremainsabove1.0(aTREindexvalueoflessthan1.0indicatesthatcontrolisrequired).Twoofthereferencingsubparts,40CFRpart60,subpartsNNNandRRR,specifyaTREindexvaluecriterionof8.0,belowwhichmonitoringisrequired;theseareGroup2Avents.ThetwootherreferencingsubpartshaveaGroup2ATREindexvaluecriterionof4.0.Statistically,thereisachancethattheactualTREindexvaluecouldfluctuateduringnormaloperationtolessthan1.0ifthecalculatedTREislessthantheGroup2Acriterion.ThisiswhymonitoringisrequiredforGroup2A -`'* processvents(i.e.,toensurethattheTREindexvaluedoesnotfallbelowthe1.0criterion). ` Afterreviewingthedevelopmenthistoryofthesecutoffsforeachrule,EPAdeterminedthattheprobabilityoftheTREfluctuatingfromavalueintherangeof4.0iiiiitoiiandi8.0tolessthan1.0isismallcompariiiieiiiedtoitheprobabilityofitfluctuatingfromavalueintherangeof1.0to4.0tolessthan1.0.IntheCAR,EPAproposesaTREindexvaluecutoffof4.0forconsistency.Thus,ventswithTREindexvaluesgreaterthan4.0(i.e.,Group2B)wouldnothavetomonitor.Thisconsolidationwouldresultinnoimpactonemissionsbecausetheventsinquestionwereneversubjecttocontrolrequirements;theywereonlysubjecttomonitoringrequirements. ` ThelowflowratecriterionforGroup2BstatuswassimilarlyconsolidatedintheCAR.Thecutoffsinthereferencingsubpartsrangefrom0.005standardcubicmetersperminute(scmm)intheHONto0.008scmmin40CFRpart60,subpartNNNto0.011scmmin40CFRpart60,subpartRRR.SubpartIIIof40CFRpart60doesnotcontainalowflowratecriterion.TheEPAproposestouse0.011scmmintheCAR.BaseduponananalysisofEPAs -`'* processventdatabase,EPAconcludedthatthepopulationofprocessventswithaflowratebetween0.005and0.011scmmwouldbeverysmall.ThisdataanalysisisdocumentedinmoredetailinthefollowingmemorandumavailableintheDocket:"ProcessVentApplicabilityCriteria,"fromGregDeAngelo,EasternResearchGroup,toRickColyer,EPA,datedJuly17,1998.Inthecaseofairoxidationvents(i.e.,thosesubjectto40CFRpart60,subpartIII),EPAbelievesthatnoventswillhaveflowratesbelow0.011scmmbecauseofthehighflowratesintheventstreamsfromtheseunitoperations. ` ThelowconcentrationcutoffforGroup2Bstatusalsowasconsolidated.BasedonananalysisofEPAprocessventdatabase,EPAconsidereditappropriatetoextendthe300ppmvTOClowconcentrationcutofffrom40CFRpart60,subpartRRRtosubpartNNNsources,butdidnotapplythecutofftosubpartIIIsources.Airoxidationprocessventssubjectto40CFRpart60,subpartIIIcanhavelowconcentrationsbutveryhighflowratesthatcouldpotentiallyresultinsignificantmassemissionsofregulatedpollutantevenatlowconcentrations.The50ppmvHAPconcentrationcutoffwasretainedfor40CFRpart63, -`'* subpartGsourcesbecausetheconcentrationcutoffisintermsofHAPandnodirect,consistentrelationshipcanbeestablishedbetweenHAPandTOCemissionsgiventhemanydifferenttypesofprocessesacrosstheindustry. ` AnotherconceptthatwastakenfromtheHONandusedintheCARistheproceduresformonitoringaGroup2AprocessventthatmeetstheGroup2Acriteriawithouttheuseofarecoverydevice.Inotherwords,theprocessventhasthecharacteristicsofaGroup2Aprocessvent"naturally,"withouttheadditionofarecoverydevice.Inthiscase,becausethestandardmonitoringparametersforrecoverydevicesdonotapply,theCARspecifiesthattheowneroroperatorshoulddeterminetheappropriateparameterstomonitor.Underthiscase-by-casedetermination,theproposedmonitoringparameters,monitoringschedule,andrecordkeepingandreportingprocedureswouldbesubmittedtotheAdministratorforapprovalandthenbecometheprovisionsfortheprocessvent.Thisconceptisaclarificationtothepart60rules,whichdonotaddressprocessventsthatareGroup2A"naturally." ` Engineeringassessment.TheCARallowstheuseof +%( engineeringassessmentinlieuoftestingtodeterminevent -`'* characteristics.EngineeringassessmentisallowedwhendeterminingventstreamflowrateandconcentrationsandTREindexvalueforverifyingGroup2Bstatus.Halogenatedventstreamstatuscanalsobedeterminedusingengineeringassessment.Comparedtotesting,engineeringassessmentisalessburdensomeapproachtodeterminingventstreamcharacteristics.AllowingengineeringassessmentforverifyingGroup2BstatusdoesnotdecreaseenvironmentalprotectionbecauseanyprocessventwithanestimatedTREindexvaluebetween1.0and4.0mustbetestedandispotentiallysubjecttocontrol.UsingengineeringassessmentforprocessventswithaTREindexvalueabove4.0alsoallowsfacilitiestofocusattentiononventswherecontrolormonitoringisexpectedtoberequired. ` Engineeringjudgementisallowedintheprocessventreferencingsubpartsofpart60onlyforTREindexvaluedeterminationafteraprocesschangeismade,butitisnotallowedfortheinitialdeterminationofventcharacteristics.Also,thespecificationsincludedintheCARofwhatanengineeringassessmententails,andtheexamplesofengineeringassessment,arenotintheprocessventNSPS. -`'*  ` TheHONdoesnotallowtheuseofengineeringjudgementfortheinitialdeterminationofconcentrationandflowratetoverifyGroup2Bstatus.Theseventswouldhavetobetestedtoevaluatetheconcentrationorflowrate.TheCARallowsengineeringassessmentfortheinitialdeterminationoflowconcentrationandflowrate.TheEPAhasdeterminedthatengineeringassessmentisappropriatefortheselowconcentrationand/orlowflowratestreams.Thisassessmentisavailableforreviewbyaninspectorwhocanalwaysrequestthatatestbeconductedifneeded. ` Otherburdenreductions.Thereareseveralotherminor ( provisionsbasedonHONprovisionsthatareconsolidatedintheCARforconsistency,simplicity,ortoprovideburdenreduction.Theyarediscussedbelow. ` Asinallthereferencingsubparts,theCARrequiresthatthegroupstatusoftheprocessventmustbeevaluatedwheneveraprocesschangeismade.Thepart60ruleslistexamplesofprocesschanges,andtheselistsaresimilartotheexamplesintheHON,exceptthattheHONlistincludeschangesinproductionratesasanexampleofaprocesschange.TheCARincludesproductionratechangesasexamplesofprocesschanges. -`'*  ` Likewise,theCARincludestheHONprovisionsregardingwheretolocatethesamplingsiteforpurposesofdeterminingtheventstreamcharacteristics.TheCARapproachessentiallyspecifiesthatthesamplingsiteshouldbelocatedafterthelastrecoverydevicebutpriortothecontroldeviceinlet(andpriortoreleasetotheatmosphere).Inadditiontothissamerequirement,thepart60processventreferencingsubpartsalsoprovidesamplingsiteprovisionsforstreamsthataremixedpriortoventingtoacontroldevice.Intheseprovisions,calculationsarerequiredtobackcalculatetheeffectofthecontroldeviceontheindividualstreamsthataremixed.TheEPAdeterminedthatthisbackcalculationwasnotnecessary,becauseadeterminationoftheefficiencyforthecontroldevicetoreducethemixedstreamisagoodindicationoftheefficiencytoreduceemissionsfromindividualstreams.These40CFRpart60provisions,therefore,werenotadoptedintheCAR. ` ThenetheatingvalueequationintheCARspecifiesthattheconcentrationsoftheindividualcompoundsaretobedeterminedonawetbasis.Alloftheprocessventreferencingsubpartsandthegeneralprovisionsof -`'* 40CFRparts60and63containanetheatingvalueequation,buttheequationispresentedinseveraldifferentformsacrosstheruleswithrespecttowhetherornottheconcentrationcomponentoftheequationisonawetordrybasis.Someequationsspecifywetbasis,butsomeequationsspecifydrybasisandincludeacorrectionforthewatervaporcontentoftheventstream.Withtheexceptionof40CFRpart60,subpartIII,alltheequationsaremathematicallyequivalent,sotheresultsarethesame.InsubpartIII,theequationisgiveninthewetbasisform,buttheprovisionsdonotrequirethatitbeonawetbasis.Becauseindustryinputindicatedthatthewetbasisformfortheequationismoreprevalent,thewetbasisformisusedintheCARandtheconcentrationisrequiredtobeonawetbasis.Thisisapossiblechangefor40CFRpart60,subpartIIIsincesomeownersoroperatorssubjecttosubpartIIImayhavebeencalculatingnetheatingvalueusingconcentrationonadrybasisintheequationmeantforwetbasisconcentrations.Theseownersoroperatorswouldthereforeneedtorecalculatethenetheatingvalueunder theCAR. +%(  ` AchangehasbeenproposedtosubpartIII,however, specifyingthattheconcentrationshouldbeonawetbasis(62FR45369,August27,1997).NotethatthisFederal (  Registercitationreferstochangesintestmethods;the   actualtextoftheproposedamendmenttosubpartIIIisintheairdocketatA-97-12oronthewebathttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc.Oncethischangeisfinal,subpartIIIandtheCARwillbeconsistentonthisissue. ` TheHONhasarequirementtoreportwhichcriteria(TREindexvalue,concentration,orflowrate)aprocessventmeetstoqualifyasaGroup2Bventandtoreportthetestresults(ifany)accompanyingthedetermination.UndertheCAR,recordsoftestinformationmustbemaintained,butnoreportsarerequired.ThereportisrequiredonlytoidentifywhichventsareGroup2B.Itdoesnothavetolistwhichcriteriaeachventmeets.ThisreportingrequirementoperatesinconjunctionwiththeCAR'sapproachtoreportingprocesschanges.Ifaprocesschangeismadethatdoesnotresultinupgradingthegroupstatus(forexample,Group2BtoGroup2A),thenonlyastatementtothateffectisrequired.ThisisaburdenreductionbecauseifaprocessventthatmeetsGroup2Bstatusforonecriterionnowmeets -`'* Group2Bstatusforadifferentcriterionfollowingaprocesschange,onlyabriefreportwouldberequiredratherthantestresults,engineeringassessments,orthelike.Allrecordsofcalculationsafteraprocesschangearestillrequiredtobekept. ` Halogenatedventstreams.Someconcernsmayexistin `  theconsolidatedprocessventrulesforhalogenatedprocessventssubjectto40CFRpart60,subpartsIII,NNN,orRRRbutnotsubjecttotheHON.Twoseparatebutrelatedissuesexist:(1)whetheraventstreamishalogenated,and(2)howtocontrolahalogenatedventstream. ` TheTREindexvalueisafunctionofwhethertheventstreamishalogenatedornonhalogenated.TheCARandallofthereferencingsubpartsdirecttheowneroroperatortouseonesetofcoefficientstomaketheTREindexvaluecalculationforahalogenatedventstream,whileanothersetofcoefficientsmustbeusedtomaketheTREindexvaluecalculationforanonhalogenatedventstream.TheCARprovisionsconsolidatethedefinitionofahalogenatedventstreamusingtheHONdefinition.Thedefinitionspecifiesthatwhenthemassemissionrateofhalogenatomscontainedintheorganiccompoundsisequaltoorgreaterthan -`'* 0.45kilogramperhour,theprocessventstreamisconsideredhalogenated. ` Thisispotentiallyanimportantissueforprocessventssubjecttooneofthepart60processventreferencingsubparts,becausethoserulesdefinehalogenatedstreamsdifferently.Astreamisconsideredhalogenatedifitcontains20ppmvorgreaterhalogens(versus0.45kilogramsperhourundertheCAR).TheconsolidationofthisdefinitionintheCARcouldresultinahalogenatedventintheNSPSrulesbecominganonhalogenatedventintheCAR,orviceversa.WiththedifferentsetofcoefficientsforcalculatingTREindexvaluesforhalogenatedandnonhalogenatedventstreams,thiscouldchangetheTREindexvalueofaventand,therefore,thegroupstatus.IfagroupstatuschangesasaresultoftheCAR,adifferentcontroland/ormonitoringrequirementmaybetriggered. ` TheEPAbelievesthisisaninsignificantdifferencebecauseonlyasmallsubsetofventsmighthavedifferenthalogenatedstatusundertheCARversustheNSPSprocessventrules.Also,themajorityofsourcessubjecttothe processventNSPSarealsosubjecttotheHON.Therefore, +%( thisdifferencewouldhavelittleeffectonruleapplicability.  ` TheHONprovisionsforprocessventsalsoincludeadditionalcontrolrequirementsforhalogenatedGroup1processvents,whiletheotherreferencingsubpartsdonotspecifyanyadditionalcontrol.TheHONprohibitsflaringofhalogenatedventsandspecifiesthatahalogenreductiondevicemustbeusediftheprocessventistobecombusted.TheproposedCARincludestheHONprovisionsregardingflaresandhalogenreductiondevicesforcombustedhalogenatedGroup1processvents.Basedonindustryinput,EPAbelievesthathalogenatedventsareveryrarelyflaredbecausetheflaretipcorrodesundertheseconditions. ` Thesearesubstantialchangesfromthe40CFRpart60rules(especiallythepossibilityofrequiringtheinstallationofahalogenreductiondevicesuchasascrubber)thatmayprovetobeanimpedimenttosomesourcesthatotherwisemaywishtousetheCAR.TheEPAbelievesthatthetotalpopulationofprocessventsthatcontainhalogens,areGroup1,andaresubjecttoa40CFRpart60rule,butthatarenotsubjecttotheHONissmall.TheEPAspecificallyrequestscommentonthisissue. -`'* &   ` E.TransferRackProvisions ` 'hlThetransferrackprovisionsconsolidatethetransferrackrequirementsof40CFRpart61,subpartBB(benzenetransferoperations),and40CFRpart63,subpartG(HONtransferracks).TransferrackscomplyingthroughtheuseofacontroldevicearereferredtosubpartGoftheCAR,therebyeliminatingmuchoftheregulatorytextcontainedinthetransfersectionsofthereferencingsubparts. ` TheCARtransferprovisionsarebasedonthetransferprovisionsoftheHON.TheonlysignificantchangerelativetotheHONprovisionsinvolveseliminationofarecordkeepingrequirement.TheHONrequiresthatrecordsbekeptofliquidstransferredthrougheachtransferrack.TheEPAhasdeterminedthatthisrecordisnotnecessaryfortransferrackscomplyingwiththeCAR.TheintentoftherecordintheHONwastodetermineiftheliquidsbeingtransferredtriggeredtheHONcontrolrequirementsforthetransferrack.SincecontrolisrequiredforalltransferrackscomplyingwiththeCAR,thisrecordisnotneeded. ` TheprimarybenefitofusingtheCARfortransferracks subjectto40CFRpart61,subpartBBistoextendthesame +%( complianceoptionsoftheHONtononmajorSOCMIsourcessubjecttosubpartBB.  ` TheHONallowsvaporbalancingasanalternativetotheinstallationofacontroldevice.Theprocessofvaporbalancingconsistsofreturningvaporsexpelledfromthevehiclebeingloadedthroughvaporlinestothestoragevesselbeingemptied.Thisoptionisnotcontainedin40CFRpart61,subpartBB.VaporbalancingisanoptionundertheHONbecauseEPAdeterminedthatitreducesemissionsbyatleast98percentandisthereforeanacceptablealternativetoacontroldevice.Consequently,vaporbalancingisincludedintheCARtoprovideflexibilityfornon-majorSOCMIsourcessubjecttosubpartBB. ` Inaddition,theCARclarifiesthedefinitionsofvaporbalancingandclosed-ventsystem.Vaporbalancingsystemsarenotsubjecttotheclosed-ventsystemequipmentleakprovisions.Previously,thereferencingsubpartsuseddifferentapproachesandterminology,creatingconfusionaboutwhetherornotanindividualsectionofthetransferrackwaspartoftheprocessorpartoftheclosed-ventsystem.Theconsolidateddefinitionsclarifytheissue. -`'* SeethediscussionofthedefinitionsinsectionVI.Bofthispreambleformoreinformation. ` "Vaporcollectionsystem"isthetermusedinthereferencingsubpartstodescribetheequipmentthatcollectsandtransportstransferrackemissions.ThroughouttheCAR,uniformlanguageisadoptedthatreferstothistypeofequipmentas"closed-ventsystems."Thisstandardization,alongwiththereviseddefinitions,furtherclarifieswhichsectionsofthetransferrackareincludedintheclosed-ventsystemandwhichareprocesspiping. ` TheHONalsointroducestwoothercompliancealternativesthatcanbeusedfortransferracks,neitherofwhichareincludedin40CFRpart61,subpartBB.Emissionsfromtransferrackscanberoutedeithertoaprocessortoafuelgassystem.TheseoptionsareconsistentwithEPAscurrentapproachtoemissionscontrolandprovideoperationalflexibilitywhilemaintainingenvironmentalprotection.DuringthedevelopmentoftheHON,EPAdeterminedthatbothofthesealternativesreduceemissionsbyatleast98percentandarethereforeacceptable alternativestoacontroldevice.Therefore,thesetwo +%( optionsareincludedintheCAR'sprovisionsfortransferracks.  ` TheCARallowstwoalternativesfordemonstratingleaktightnessfortanktrucksandrailcars.SourceoperatorsmayrelyoneitheraDepartmentofTransportationtankcertificationfortanktrucksandrailcars,orMethod27testresultsanddocumentation.TheHONallowsbothofthesealternatives,recognizingthateitherisanacceptablemeansofdemonstratingleaktightnessoftanktrucksandrailcars.However,becauseitwasdraftedpriortotheDOTcertificationprogram,40CFRpart61,subpartBBdoesnotmakethischoiceavailablefortransferracksandspecifiesonlyMethod27.AllowingthisalternativeintheCARprovisionsprovidesapotentialforburdenreductionbecauseownersandoperatorsoftanktrucksandrailcarsarealreadyrequiredtokeeptheDOTcertificationsunderDOTregulations.UndertheCARtheydonothavetoperformMethod27inadditiontokeepingtheDOTcertification.Thisalternativeprovidesforasignificantreductioninrecordkeepingburdenin40CFRpart61,becausesubpartBBrequiredseveralancillaryrecordsrelatedtoMethod27tobekeptbytheowneroroperatorofthetransferrack. -`'* TheserecordsarenotnecessaryinconjunctionwiththemuchsimplerrecordsneededfortheDOTcertifications. ` TheHONalsoallowsanowneroroperatortouseacontroldevicetoreducetheorganicconcentrationoftransferrackemissionsto20ppmv,(onadrybasis,correctedto3percentoxygen)asanalternativetoreducingemissionsby98percent.However,40CFRpart61,subpartBBdoesnotprovidethisalternative,sotheCARincludesthisoptionasameansofflexibilityfortransferrackcompliance. ` Achievinga98percentreductionofaventstreamthatinitiallyhasaverylowconcentrationcanbeinfeasibleorunreasonablycostly.Allowinga20ppmvconcentrationinadditiontoa98percentreductionprovidesoperationalflexibilitywithoutcompromisingenvironmentalprotection.ThisisanexampleofextendingthemoreuptodateproceduresoftheHONtosourcessubjectto40CFRpart61,subpartBB. ` TheCARadoptsthecontrolrequirementsoftheHONforhalogenatedtransferrackventstreams.TheserequirementsaresimilartothosediscussedinsectionVI.Dofthispreambleforhalogenatedprocessvents.Thesearenew -`'* requirementsfortransferrackssubjectto40CFRpart61,subpartBB.TheEPAdoesnotexpectthenewrequirementtoaffectmanyventstreamsbecausefewtransferracksthataresubjectto40CFRpart61,subpartBBwillcontainhalogensinsufficientquantitytobeconsideredhalogenatedbytheCAR.&   ` F.EquipmentLeakProvisions ` 'TheproposedCAR'sequipmentleaksprovisionsconsolidatetheequipmentleaksrequirementsof40CFRpart60,subpartVV(SOCMIequipmentleaks),40CFRpart61,subpartV(thegenericequipmentleakrequirementsfor40CFRpart61,subpartsF[vinylchloride]andJ[benzene]),andpart63,subpartH(HONequipmentleaks). ` ApplicabilityoftheCAR'sequipmentleakrequirementsisdeterminedbyapplicabilityprovisionsinthereferencingsubparts.TheseprovisionsspecifythecomponentsthatwouldbesubjecttotheCAR.TheprovisionsoftheCARapplyonlytothosecomponentsthataresubjecttothereferencingsubpartsandarespecificallyreferredtotheCAR.TheCARdoesnotaltertheapplicabilityofthereferencingsubpart.Forexample,theequipmentleak -`'* provisionsofsubpartVVof40CFRPart60statethatsubjectequipmentincludesallpumps,valves,compressors,pressurereliefdevices,samplingconnectionsystems,open-endedlines,andconnectorsthatcontainorcontactaprocessfluidthatisatleast10percentVOCbyweight.WhentheCARisapplied,onlythosesamecomponentswouldbesubjecttotheprovisionsintheCAR.Thus,eventhoughtheCARcontainsprovisionsforagitators,theagitatorprovisionswouldnotapplytoasourcesubjectonlyto40CFRpart60,subpartVV,becauseagitatorsarenotcoveredby40CFRpart60,subpartVV. ` ThissectionofthepreamblediscussestheCARprovisionsforalternativemonitoringforvalves,connectormonitoring,theoverallimprovementstothestructureoftheequipmentleaksprovisionsintheCAR,provisionsfromtheHONthatwereclarifiedorimprovedthroughincorporationintotheCAR,andsignificantchangesbetweentheprovisionsof40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartVandthosecontainedintheCAR. ` Alternativemonitoringprogramforvalves.Themost *#& significantdifferencebetweentheequipmentleaksprovisionsintheCARandthoseinthereferencingsubparts -`'* istheCAR'sinnovativeapproachformonitoringvalvesforleaks.TheCARalternativemonitoringprogramcansignificantlyreducetheamountofburdenassociatedwithmonitoringvalvesforleakswithoutincreasingtheemissionsofregulatedpollutantstotheenvironment.Thevalvemonitoringprogramisdiscussedbelow. ` ThepremisefortheCARalternativemonitoringprogramisthatindustrydataandexperiencehaveshownthat,atsomefacilities,somevalvepopulationstendtoleakmorefrequentlythanothers.Thereferencingsubpartsrequirevalvemonitoringonaprocessunitbasis,suchthatacertainnumberofvalvesthattendtoleakfrequentlymaycontinuallyforceallofthevalvesintheprocessunittobemonitoredfrequently.Separateprocessunitscanqualifyforlessfrequentmonitoringifthepercentleakingvalvesintheprocessunitfallstoasmallenoughnumber.TheCARalternativemonitoringprogramextendsthisconceptbyallowingsubgrouping,withinoracrossprocessunits,todeterminethevalvesthatmustbemonitored.Eachsubgroupcorrelatestoaspecificmonitoringfrequencybasedonthe percentleakinginthatsubgroup. +%(  ` UndertheCARalternative,theowneroroperatorcan placevalvesthatareexpectedtoleakmorefrequentlyintoonesubgroup.Becausethesevalvesleakmorefrequentlytheywouldbemonitoredmorefrequently.Then,thevalvesintheothersubgroupscanqualifyforlessfrequentmonitoringbecausethevalvesthatleakmorefrequentlywillnotbeincludedintheirpercentleakingcalculations.Thisisconceptuallythesameasthecurrentprogramswhichallowdifferentmonitoringfrequenciesfordifferentprocessunits,inthattheperformanceofagivenprocessunitdoesnotdisqualifyanotherprocessunitfromlessfrequentmonitoring.TheprimarydifferenceintheCARalternativemonitoringprogramisthatsubgroupingcanbebasedonsitespecificfactorsotherthanprocessunitboundaries. ` ThemainbenefitoftheCARalternativemonitoringprogramistoallowfacilitiestofocusonvalvesthattendtoleak,whilerelievingtheburdenofmonitoringvalvesthattendnottoleakandachievingessentiallythesamelevelofenvironmentalprotectionprovidedbythereferencingsubparts.Thecostofmonitoring,whichisa significantburdentotheindustry,istherebyreduced +%( withoutcreatingagreaterpotentialfornegativeenvironmentalimpact.  ` SeveralsafeguardshavebeenbuiltintotheCARalternativemonitoringprogramtoensurethatthelevelofenvironmentalprotectiondoesnotdeteriorate.First,toinitiallyqualifyfortheCARalternativemonitoringprogram,theoverallperformanceofallvalvesinthealternativemonitoringprogrammustbelessthan2percentleakers.Also,iftheoverallperformanceofthevalvesinthealternativemonitoringprogramfailstomeettheprogramsrequired2percentleakrate,asdeterminedthroughsemiannualperformancechecks,theentirepopulationofvalvesinthealternativemonitoringprogramwouldreverttotheoriginalvalvemonitoringprogram.Asaresult,eachprocessunitwouldreverttothemonitoringfrequencydictatedbythepercentleakingvalvesobserved.Thismayalsointroducemonthlymonitoringformanyvalves.TheEPAconsidersthispossibilityasignificantincentiveforownersoroperatorstomaintaingoodperformanceatplantsitesemployingthesubgroupingprogram. ` Inaddition,valveswithlessthanoneyearofmonitoringdata(orvalvesnotmonitoredwithinthelast -`'* 12months)mustinitiallybeplacedintothemostfrequentlymonitoredsubgroup.Provisionstorestrictswitchingvalvesbetweensubgroupsareincludedtopreventcircumvention.Theseprovisions,discussedbelow,ensurethatvalvescannotbemovedbackandforthbetweensubgroupstohideordiminishtheimpactofleakingvalvesonthepercentleakingvalvescalculations. ` Undertheproposedalternative,avalvecanbemovedintoalessfrequentlymonitoredsubgrouponlywhendatahavebeencollectedthatdemonstratethatthevalvehasnotleakedduringtheentiremonitoringperiodofthesubgrouptowhichitismoving(forexample,noleaksforthepast12monthsbeforemovingavalveintoanannuallymonitoredsubgroup).Therefore,valveswithademonstratedlowerincidenceofleakscanmigrateintothelongermonitoringperiodsubgroups.Becauseevenafewleakingvalvesinasubgroupcandisqualifythesubgroupforthelongermonitoringperiods,itisanticipatedthatownersandoperatorswillbeverycautiouswhenconsideringwhetherornottomovesuspectvalvesintothelongermonitoringperiod subgroup. +%(  ` Tomoveavalveintoamorefrequentlymonitored subgroup,thevalvemusthavebeenmonitoredduringthemostrecentmonitoringperiodforthegroupitismovingfrom,anditmusthavehaditsmonitoringresultsincludedwiththegroupfromwhichitismoving.Theintentofthissafeguardistopreventleakingvalvesfrombeingshuttledoutofasubgrouptoprotectthatsubgroupfromtriggeringamorefrequentmonitoringperiod. ` Theplacementandsubsequentreassignmentofvalvesintosubgroupsisadecisionthatwillbemadeonacasebycasebasisbytheownersandoperators.Thealternativeprogramtakesadvantageoftheknowledgeoftheprocessthattheowneroroperatorpossesses.Atagivenfacility,forexample,valvesoperatingundercertaintemperaturesorvalveslocatedadjacenttocertainpiecesofequipmentmaybemorelikelytoleak.Nosinglesetofcriteriacanbeappliedtotheentireindustry,asthecharacteristicsofvalvesthataremorelikelytoleakatonefacilitymaynotbethesameatanotherfacility. ` Someadditionalrecordsanditemstoincludeintheperiodicreportsarenecessaryforthisprogramtoensurecompliance.Theserecordsandreportingitemsconsist -`'* essentiallyofrecordingwhichvalvesareinitiallyassignedtoeachsubgroup,whichvalveshavesubsequentlybeenreassigned,andtheresultsofthesemiannualperformancechecks.Theburdenassociatedwithretainingtheserecordsandmakingthesereportsisfaroutweighedbythesavingsinreducedmonitoring. ` Theotheraspectofthevalveprogramistheabilitytoearnlongermonitoringperiodswithgoodperformance.TheHONcurrentlyallowsaseriesofextendedmonitoringperiodsbasedonimprovedperformance,culminatingwithanannualmonitoringperiodforprocessunitswithlessthan0.5percentleakingvalves.TheCARequipmentleakssubpartintroducesanadditional2-yearmonitoringperiodforprocessunitswithlessthan0.25percentleakingvalves.Thisextendedmonitoringperiodwouldbeavailabletovalveswhetherornottheowneroroperatorchoosestousethealternativesubgroupingprogramforcompliance.Since0.25percentofatypicalvalvepopulation(eitheraprocessunitunderthebasemonitoringprogramorasubgroupundertheCARalternativemonitoringprogram)isaverysmallnumberofleakingvalves,EPAconsidersthischangealogicalextensionoftheoriginalmonitoringperiods -`'* specifiedintheHON.Furthermore,ithasthepotentialtosubstantiallyreducemonitoringcostswithoutincreasinglongtermemissionstotheenvironment. ` Revisedmonitoringprogramforconnectors.Another   majordifferencebetweentheCARandthereferencingsubpartsistheapproachtakentocontrolequipmentleakemissionsfromconnectors.TheHONistheonlyreferencingsubpartwithconnectormonitoringprovisions,buttheCARsapproachtoconnectormonitoringrequiresmuchlessfrequentmonitoringforSCUswithgoodperformancehistories. ` Forconnectors,asforvalves,themonitoringperiodshavebeenextended.TheHONistheonlyreferencingsubpartthatspecifiesperiodicmonitoringforconnectors,anditcontainsprovisionsforextendingthemonitoringperiodtoonceevery4yearsifthepercentageofleakingconnectorsislessthan0.5percent.TheCARextendstheHONconcepttoan8-yearmonitoringperiodforprocessunitswithlessthan0.25percentleakingconnectors,whileintroducingconnectormonitoringtosourcespreviouslycomplyingwiththesensorymonitoringrequirementsof40CFRpart61, subpartVand40CFRpart60,subpartVV.Thisapproachfor +%( connectorsappliesonanSCUbasis;subgroupingsimilartothealternativevalvemonitoringprogramisnotallowed.  ` TheEPAbelievesthattheextended8-yearmonitoringperiodiswarrantedforconnectorswhichcanachieveandmaintainaleakrateoflessthan0.25percent.Thelowerthresholdwillforbidanypoorlyperformingconnectorsfromqualifying.Inaddition,connectorsarestaticpiecesofequipmentwithoutanymovingparts.Theyaremuchlesslikelytoleakthandynamicpiecesofequipmentlikepumpsandvalves. ` Asasafeguardbuiltintotheprovisionsallowingan8-yearmonitoringfrequency,theCARrequiresatleasthalfoftheconnectorstobemonitoredwithinthefirst4years.Theprocessunitmusthavelessthan0.35percentleakingconnectorstoremaininthe8-yearprogram;failingthepercentleakcriteriameanstheowneroroperatormustmonitortherestofthevalueswithinthenext6months.Theresultofthismonitoringwillthendeterminethenewmonitoringperiod.The0.35percentcriterionwasselectedsothat,if0.35percent(ormore)ofthefirsthalfofthe connectorsleak,theoverallconnectorpopulationwillbe +%( monitored,andtheoverallresultswillbeusedtodeterminethemonitoringfrequency.  ` Thechangesforvalvesandconnectorsintroduceconceptsdesignednotonlytosignificantlyreducetheburdenofcomplyingwithequipmentleakinspectionsbutalsotomaintainenvironmentalprotection.TheEPAbelievesthatthesafeguardsincorporatedintothenewprogramsforvalvesandconnectorsaresufficienttomeetbothofthesegoals. ` CARstructure.SomeoftheimprovementtotheCAR h subpartFentailsrestructuringwiththeintenttoisolateandemphasizethedifferentprovisionsinamannermoreconsistentwithtypicalplantoperation.Forexample,monitoringforleaksandleakrepairarepresentedseparatelybecausethepersonnelataplantsiteresponsibleforthesetwoactivitiesarenotnecessarilythesame.Inadditiontocreatinga"userfriendly"format,theothergoalofrestructuringistoavoidrepetitionofrequirements.Equipmentidentificationprovisions,forexample,arepresentedonceratherthanduplicatedforeachequipmenttypediscussed. ` Ingeneral,theequipmentleakssubpartoftheCARisstructuredinthefollowingmanner.Provisionscommonto -`'* allequipmenttypes(suchasequipmentidentification,monitoringforleaks,andleakrepair)areconsolidatedandpresentedonce,atthebeginningofthesubpart.Followingtheseprovisionsarecomponentbycomponentstandards(forexample,forvalvesandforpumps).Afterthestandardssections,thesubpartcontainsalternativesforbatchunitsandforenclosedprocessunitsaswellasrecordkeepingandreportingrequirementsforallequipment. ` Thegeneralbenefitofthisstructureisthatplantpersonnelneedtobefamiliarwithonlytheportionsofthesubpartthataffectthem.Personnelresponsibleonlyforcomponentrepair,forexample,canrefertotwoorthreesectionsinthesubpartanddonothavetoreadallofthesections.Adiscussionofsomeofthemorespecificbenefitsofstructureimprovementsfollows. ` Twosectionshavebeencreatedthroughrestructuring:"InstrumentandSensoryMonitoringforLeaks"and"LeakRepair."Thisrestructuringisintendedtomorecloselyrelatethestructureoftheequipmentleakssubparttothewayplantsareconfiguredandoperated.Thereferencingsubpartscontaintheleakdetectionandrepairprovisionsforeachtypeofcomponentwithinthesectionforthat -`'* component.EPAbelievesthatsignificantconsolidationandsimplificationcanbeachievedbycombiningtheleakdetectionandleakrepairprovisionsintoonesetofprovisions,sincetheyareverysimilaroridenticalforthedifferenttypesofcomponents.Instrumentleakdetectionproceduresarethesameacrossthecomponents,includingthemethodused,calibration,monitoringprocedure,andleakidentification. ` Thesameistrueforleakrepairprocedures.Allofthereferencingsubpartsincludeprovisionsforrepairwithin15days(firstattemptwithin5days),removalofleakidentification,delayofrepair,andrecordkeeping.ManyoftheCARsrecordkeepingprovisionsarecontainedinthenewleakdetectionandrepairsectionsbecausethepersonneldetectingandrepairingtheleaksaregenerallythesameoneswhocreateandmaintaintherecords.Onlyleakdetectionandrepairspecifictoindividualcomponentsorsituationsareretainedintheindividualsectionsaddressingthosecomponents. ` Anadditionalrestructuringwasachievedbycreatingaparallelconstructionfortheequipmentcomponentsectionswhichhavesimilartypesofprovisions.Thestandardsfor -`'* valves,pumps,connectors,agitators,pressurereliefdevicesinliquidservice,andinstrumentationsystemsarebrokenintoparallelparagraphsaddressingcomplianceschedule,leakdetection,percentleakingcomponentcalculations,andleakrepair,wheretheseprovisionsareapplicable.Anyspecialprovisionsforthatcomponentfollowthestandardizedparagraphs.Aconsistentstructureforthesesectionsenablestheowneroroperatortomoreeasilyunderstandtherequirementsforeachcomponentandfacilitatetheowneroroperatorscomplianceactivities. ` Forconsistencyandclarity,allownersoroperatorscontrollingequipmentleakemissionswithclosed-ventsystemsandcontroldevicesorbyroutingtoaprocessortoafuelgassystemarealsosubjecttosubpartGoftheCAR.SubpartFoftheCARspecifies95percentorgreatercontrolefficiencyforcontroldevicesbeforereferringallthreeofthesecomplianceoptionstosubpartG.SubpartGthenprovidestheconsistent,consolidatedproceduresforthecontroldeviceorroutingemissionstoaprocessorfuelgassystem. ` ClarificationsandimprovementsfromtheHON.In +%( additiontoconsolidatingprimarilyontheHONrequirements, -`'* theCARmakessomesignificantclarifications,changes,andimprovementstotheHONprovisions.Theseissues,someofwhichalsoconstitutechangesforsourcesreferencedfromtheothertwoequipmentleaksreferencingsubparts,arediscussedinmoredetailbelow.ThissectiondiscusseschangestoprovisionstakenfromtheHON.IncaseswheretheHONandthenonHONrequirementsaresubstantiallyidentical,thediscussioninthissectionisequallyapplicabletoallthreereferencingsubparts.WhenthediscussionappliestoallthreeequipmentleakreferencingsubpartsinsteadofonlytheHON,thediscussionisspeciallynoted. ` IdentificationofsubjectequipmenthasbeensimplifiedforallsourcescomplyingwiththeCAR.Itisnotnecessarytoindividuallyidentifyeachpieceofequipment,aslongasequipmentsubjecttotheCARcanbedistinguishedfromotherequipmentthroughmeansofaplantsiteplan,logentries,processunitboundaries,oranothermethod.Thisdoesnotprecludetheuseofindividualequipmentidentification,butitdoesofferflexibilityandtheopportunityforburdenreductionasasourcedoesnothavetotrackacomplexnumberingschemeforcompliance.Forexample,theCAR -`'* simplifiesidentificationofconnectorsbyallowingthemtobeidentifiedbygroupingorarea.Closed-ventsystemsandcontroldevices,pressurereliefdevices,andinstrumentationsystemsmustbeidentified,buttheCARprovisionsdonotspecifyparticularformats.Thereferencingsubparts,ontheotherhand,requirelistsofidentificationnumbersforindividualpiecesofequipment;theCARismoreflexibleandthusreducestherecordkeepingburden.Suchflexibility,however,doesnotrelieveanowneroroperatorsresponsibilityfortheabilitytolocatecomponentsattheplantsite. ` Regardingunsafetomonitorordifficulttomonitorequipment,theHONrequiresownersoroperatorstodevelopawrittenplanformonitoringtheequipment,butdoesnotexplicitlyrequirethemonitoring.TheCARclarifiesthatmonitoringoftheequipmentisrequiredaccordingtothewrittenplanthatisdeveloped. ` TheCARclarifiesthatcompressorsdesignatedasoperatingwithaninstrumentreadinglessthan500ppm,aswellaspressurereliefdevices,aresubjecttoaperformancestandardasopposedtoaworkpracticestandardwithrespecttoinstrumentmonitoring.Thus,ifa -`'* compressorismonitoredusingMethod21andaninstrumentreadingof500ppmorgreaterisdetected,itisaviolationofthestandard.Ifapressurereliefdeviceismonitored5daysafterapressurereleaseandaninstrumentreadingof500ppmorgreaterisdetected,itisalsoaviolationofthestandard.Theseareclarifications,notchanges,fromtheHON. ` TheCARmaintainstheHONprovisionswithrespecttothemonitoringinstrumentspecificationsandcalibrationprocedure.However,theCARincludesprovisionsforadjustinginstrumentreadingsforinstrumentsthatcannotmeettheMethod21performancecriteria.TheCARalsoallowscalibrationwithgasesotherthanmethaneornhexanewheretheinstrumentdoesnotrespondtoeitherofthesecompounds. ` Provisionsinallthreereferencingsubpartsrequiremonitoringonlywhenequipmentisinregulatedmaterialservice,inserviceofanacceptablesurrogateVOC,orinserviceofanyotherdetectablematerial.TheCARdoesnotincludethe"acceptablesurrogateVOC"phrasebecauseitisredundantandconfusinginrelationto"anyotherdetectablematerial." -`'*  ` Asdiscussedearlierinthissection,theHONandtheCARallowownersoroperatorstomonitorvalvesandconnectorslessfrequentlywhenthepercentageofleakingcomponentsislow.Monitoringdatacollectedpriortoimplementationofareferencingsubpartcanbeusedtoqualifyinitiallyforlessfrequentmonitoring,evenifthedatawereobtainedwithminordeparturesfromtheCARsmonitoringproceduresandmethods.TheCARfurtherclarifiestheoriginalHONlanguagebyindicatingthat(1)earlierdatamaybeusedonlyforinitialqualification,and(2)thisprovisionincludesinitiallyqualifyingforannualmonitoring.TheoriginalHONlanguagewasunclearwhetherolderdatacouldbeusedallthetime,andwhetherolddatacouldbeusedtoqualifyinitiallyforannualmonitoring.BothCARclarificationsareconsistentwithEPAsdeterminationoftheoriginalHONintent. ` TheCARclarifieslanguagedealingwithrepairofleaks.Leaksmustberepairedwithin15daysofdetection,unlesstheleakqualifiesfordelayofrepair.Provisionsinallthreereferencingsubpartsallowfordelayofrepair"...iftherepairistechnicallyinfeasiblewithoutaprocessunitshutdown."Thislanguagepotentially -`'* discouragesanyattemptsatrepairbetweenthe15thdayafterdetectionandthenextprocessunitshutdown,sinceasuccessfulrepairwithinthatperiodwouldthendisqualifyonefromtheoriginaldelayofrepair.Someequipmentleakslegitimatelyqualifyfordelayofrepair,yettheycanberepairedafterthe15dayrepairdeadlineandbeforethenextprocessunitshutdown.Theserepairscanbeeffectedbycontinuedrepeatattemptsovertimeuntiltheleakisrepaired.Inordertoeliminatethepotentialdisincentivetoattemptrepairofleaksafterthefifteenthday,theCARrevisesthewordingofthisprovisiontostatethatdelayofrepairisallowedifrepair"within15daysafteraleakisdetected"istechnicallyinfeasiblewithoutaprocessshutdown. ` TheCARaddssomeflexibilityforcalculationofpercentleakingvalvesbyallowingthecalculationforeitherasingleprocessunitoragroupofprocessunits.OwnersoroperatorsmustcommittooneoftheseapproachesbytheirCARimplementationdate,andperformallsubsequentpercentleakingcalculationsonthesamebasis.Thebasismaybechangedthroughrevisionoftheoperatingpermitorotherappropriatenotification. -`'*  ` TheCARalsosimplifiesthecalculationprocedurebynotincorporatingapartialcreditforremovedvalves.Industryrepresentativesindicatedthatthiscreditwaslittleusedandoverlycomplicatedtheequation.Thesimplifiedequation,alongwiththereductioninburdenassociatedwiththealternativemonitoringprogramsandtheextendedmonitoringperiods,outweighsanynegativeaspectsofnotincludingthecomplexproceduresnecessarytousethecreditforremovedvalves. ` AnothercomplicatedprocedurefromtheHONwasnotincorporatedintotheCAR.Inordertoprovideacreditforremovedandallowednonrepairableconnectors,theHONcontainsmultipleequationsfordeterminingthepercentleakingconnectorsandcontainscomplicatedrecordkeepingandtestingprovisions.Basedonindustrycommentthatthesecreditscomplicatedtheprocedures,addedrecordkeepingburden,andwereseldomused,theEPAdecidednottoincludethemintheCAR. ` TheCARdoesnotincorporatethevalvequalityimprovementprogram(QIP)foundintheHON.ThegoalsoftheQIPandoftheCAR'ssubgroupingproceduresarethesametofocusattentionandeffortonpoorlyperforming -`'* valves.Ownersandoperatorsareexpectedtobeabletosubgrouptheirvalvessuchthatvalveswithcontinuingproblemswillbereassignedintoasinglesubgroup(whichwilllikelybesubjecttoquarterlyormonthlymonitoring).TheadditionalfocusandfinancialincentivesforimprovementinherentintheCARmaketheQIPforvalvesunnecessary. ` Thepumpsectionhasalsobeenimprovedandclarified.TheCARclarifiesthatdocumentationofweeklyvisualchecksneedonlyincludearecordthatthecheckwasconducted;pumpbypumpdocumentationisnotrequired.TheCARalsoclarifieswhatconstitutesleakrepairwhenindicationsofliquiddrippingareobservedduringthevisualinspection."Repaired"inthissituationmeansthattheindicationsofliquiddrippinghavebeeneliminated.Inaddition,anowneroroperatormayshowthattheliquidsdrippingarenotprocessfluid(forexample,theliquidsdrippingarecondensate). ` TheCARreplacestheterm"agitator"with"agitatorseal"tomoreaccuratelyconveytheintentoftherequirement.Theagitatoritselfisnotsubjecttoleaking;rather,theagitatorsealissubjecttoleaking. -`'*  ` TheCARincorporatestheHONsalternativeprovisionsforbatchprocessesandmodifiestheseprovisionstoallowadditionalflexibilityregardingtherequireduseofpressuremeasurementdevices.TheHONrequiresadevicewithaprecisionof2.5millimetersofmercuryintherangeofthetestpressureandthecapabilitytomeasurepressuresashighasthereliefsetpressureofthepressurereliefdevice.UndertheCAR,whensuchadeviceisnotreasonablyavailable,ownersandoperatorsmayuseanalternativepressuremeasurementdeviceifthedurationofthetestisextendedasspecified. ` SignificantchangesfromthenonHONequipmentleak  referencingsubparts.Thissectionsummarizesthe  significantdifferencesbetweentheequipmentleakprovisionsof40CFRpart61,subpartVand40CFRpart60,subpartVVandthoseoftheCAR.SomeofthechangesthatarealsoclarificationsandimprovementsfromtheHONarediscussedintheprecedingsection. ` TheCAR'sequipmentleaksprovisionsdonotapplytoequipmentinvacuumservice.While40CFRpart61,subpartVand40CFRpart60,subpartVVrequirearecordofequipmentinvacuumservice,theCARfollowstheapproachin -`'* theHONanddoesnotspecifythisrecord.Also,theCARexemptsequipmentthatisintendedtobeinregulatedmaterialservicelessthan300hourspercalendaryear,astheHONdoes.Althoughthereisanidentificationrecordassociatedwiththisexemption,havingtheexemptionisanetburdenreductionfor40CFRpart61,subpartVand40CFRpart60,subpartVVsourcescomplyingwiththeCAR. ` TheCARalsoincorporatestheHONclarificationthatequipmentnotcontainingprocessfluidsisnotsubjecttotheequipmentleakprovisions.When40CFRpart61,subpartVand40CFRpart60,subpartVVweredrafted,rulestypicallydidnotexplicitlystatewhatdidnotapply.ThesenonHONequipmentleakreferencingsubpartsareintendedtoapplyonlytoequipmentcontainingprocessfluids;therulesdonot,however,explicitlyexemptequipmentthatdoesnotcontainprocessfluids.Sincethedraftingoftheserules,theEPA'sphilosophyhasshiftedandthisexplicitclarificationfromtheHONhasbeenusedintheCAR. ` Provisionsregardingalternativemeansofemissionlimitationwereconsolidatedintoonesetofrequirements.TheCARrequirespublicnoticeintheFederalRegisterif -`'* theAdministratorapprovesanalternativemeansofemissionlimitation.Thispublicnoticeisnotspecificallyrequiredin40CFRpart61,subpartV,butpublicnoticeisrequiredbysection112oftheAct. ` SourcessubjecttothenonHONequipmentleakreferencingsubpartswouldbenefitfromthegeneralidentificationrequirementsoftheCAR,whichallowwhateveridentificationschememakesthemostsenseatagivenfacility.However,theCARintroducessomenewcomponent-specificidentificationprovisionsforthesesources,suchasspecialidentificationsforpressurereliefdevicesorinstrumentationsystems.TheCARlanguageprovidesanetburdendecreaseassociatedwithequipmentidentification. ` Although40CFRpart61,subpartVand40CFRpart60,subpartVVincludeproceduresthatareconsideredtocomprisefirstattemptatrepairforleakingvalves,thesesubpartsdonotcontainparallelproceduresforfirstattemptatrepairforleakingpumps.HONlanguageisusedintheCARtoclarifywhatismeantbyfirstattemptat repairforpumps. +%(  ` Anadditionalburdenreductionandclarificationis achievedbyincorporatingtheHONdefinitionof"repair"withtheleakrepairrequirements.Both40CFRpart61,subpartVand40CFRpart60,subpartVVrequirevalvemonitoringfortwosuccessivemonthsbeforetheleakingvalveidentificationcanberemoved.TheCARfollowstheHONlanguageandallowstheremovaloftheidentificationafterthevalveis"repaired,"whichbydefinitionincludesfollow-upmonitoring. ` TheCARalsoadoptstheHONprovisionsforrecordsofdelayofrepair,allowingownersandoperatorstodevelopwrittenproceduresfordelayofrepairandtosimplyciterelevantsectionsoftheirwrittenproceduresastherecordofreasonfordelay.Inaddition,theCARincludestheHONsexemptionforunsafetorepairconnectors.Xk<XXX@  @ #X@XXXk<%# ` ProvisionscontainedintheCARforconnectorsare "  takenfromtheHON.Theseincludeperiodicinstrumentmonitoringwithaleakdefinitionof500ppm;lessfrequentmonitoringforgoodperformance;specialprovisionsfordifficulttomonitororunsafetomonitorconnectors;and exemptionsfrommonitoring,recordkeeping,andreporting +%( requirementsforinaccessible,ceramic,orceramiclinedconnectors.  ` Forsamplingconnectionsystems,theCARcontainsflexiblelanguagefromtheHONallowingpurgedprocessfluidtobecollected,stored,andtransportedtooneofseveralsystemsorfacilities.OneoptionfromtheHON[transportingthepurgedprocessfluidtoaNationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(NPDES)Group1wastewaterstreamortoanNPDESpermittedfacility]isallowedintheCARforHONsourcesonly.AsexplainedinmoredetailinsectionXI,sourcessubjectto40CFRpart61,subpartVcannotbeeligibleforthisoptionbecausetheoptionrequiresanabsenceinthestreamofparticularorganicHAPlistedontable9of40CFRpart63,subpartG;however,anysourcesubjectto40CFRpart61,subpartVwillcontainbenzeneorvinylchloride,twoofthecompoundslistedintable9.Thisoptionisnotallowedforsourcessubjectto40CFRpart60,subpartVVbecausepurgedmaterialsforthesesourcesmaycontainVOCspecieswhicharenotHAP,andthus,werenotevaluatedalongwiththeorganicHAPspecieswhentheoptionwasdevelopedfortheHON. -`'* &   ` G.Closed-VentSystems,ControlDevices,andRoutingtoaFuelGasSystemoraProcess ` SubpartGoftheCARaddressestheclosed-ventsystem'h controldevices,androutingventstreamstofuelgassystemsorprocessequipment.SubpartGconsolidatesrequirementsfromallofthestoragevessel,processvent,transferrack,andequipmentleakreferencingsubparts(includingthegeneralprovisionsandcontinuousprocessventprovisionsfrom40CFRpart60,subpartDDD). ` SubpartDoftheCARdoesnotconsolidatetheprocessventprovisionsof40CFRpart60,subpartDDDwiththoseof40CFRpart60,subpartsIII,NNN,RRRandtheHONbecausethesesubpartsdifferintermsoftheapplicabilitycriteriaforcontrol.SubpartDDDof40CFRpart60differsfromtheNSPSandtheHONinthatitdoesnotuseTREindexvalue,flow,orconcentrationtodetermineifcontrolisrequiredforthevent.Also,subpartDDDdoesnothaveprovisionsincludedintheNSPSandtheHONrequiringmonitoringforventsthatarenotrequiredtobecontrolled.ThecontrolrequirementsforsubpartDDDprocessvents,however,are essentiallyidenticaltothosein40CFRpart60, +%( subpartsIII,NNN,RRR,andtheHONandwereabletobeconsolidatedinsubpartGoftheCAR.  ` TheEPAhassignificantlyrestructuredtheseprovisionsfromallofthereferencingsubparts.Table3summarizesthesectionsofsubpartGoftheCAR.Aftershortapplicability,definition,andstandardssections(65.140to65.142),subpartGisorganizedasfollows:65.143to65.156addressestherequirementsforequipment,operating,performancetests(orcompliancedeterminationsforflares)andmonitoringforclosed-ventsystems,forroutingtoafuelgassystemorprocess,andforeachtypeofrecoveryorcontroldevicespecifiedinthereferencingsubparts(forexample,flares,incinerators,absorber);65.157to65.158addressesperformancetestandflarecompliancedeterminationrequirementsandprocedures;and65.159to65.165addressesdatahandling,CPMS,recordkeeping,andreportingrequirementsforclosed-ventsystems,recoveryandcontroldevices,androutingtoafuelgassystemorprocess.  TABLE3.STRUCTUREOF40CFRPART65,SUBPARTG    -`'* *zd d dd dd dd dd (#(#,dd ,d +  . h .Section @/!d @Content YO&d   )\HP@65.140)\HP@Y 65.140 KA<P )\HP@65.140 )\HP@ KApplicability KAP /$IP@65.141/$IP@K65.141 KA< l /$IP@65.141 /$IP@ KDefinitions KA l  +IP@65.142 +IP@K65.142 KA<X   +IP@65.142  +IP@ KStandards(roadmaptosubpartG) KAX  x&IP@65.143x&IP@K65.143 KA< t  x&IP@65.143 x&IP@ KClosed-ventsystemsrequirements KA t  K7IP@65.144K7IP@K65.144 KA<`  K7IP@65.144 K7IP@ KRoutingtofuelgassystemsandprocesses 'P  '65.14565.155 'l  'Controlandrecoverydevicesrequirements KA\  DlIP@65.156DlIP@K65.156 KA<H  DlIP@65.156 DlIP@ KGeneralmonitoringrequirements 'H  '65.15765.158 'd 'Performancetestandflarecompliancedeterminationrequirementsandprocedures 'D '65.159-65.163 '0 'Datahandlingandrecordkeeping .0 .65.164-65.166 .L .Notificationsandreports(L  ( ` Thestandardsection,65.142ofsubpartGoftheCAR,actsasaroadmaptosubpartG.AlloftheCARsubpartsreferenceaspecificparagraphof65.142.TheseparagraphsoutlinethespecificsectionsofsubpartGthatapplytoagivensituation. ` Inadditiontotheoverallrestructuring,theindividualdevicesections(65.14565.155)areorganizedinthesamegeneralmanner:sectionsbeginwithadiscussionofequipmentandoperatingrequirements,arefollowedbyparagraphsdiscussingflarecompliance -,'. determinationsorperformancetestrequirements,andconcludewithparagraphsdiscussingmonitoringrequirements.Thismakesiteasiertofindspecificinformationonthedeviceofinterest. ` AnumberofdecisionsweremadebyEPAintheconsolidationoftheseprovisions.ThesedecisionsarediscussedbelowinsubsectionsthatareintheorderthattheyappearinsubpartGoftheCAR.DecisionsmadeintheconsolidationofsubpartGprovisionsonmonitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingprovisionsassociatedwithclosed-ventsystems,controlandrecoverydevices,androutingtoafuelgassystemofaprocessarediscussedinsectionVI.H.&   ` Closed-ventsystems.Thelanguage'H7intheHONprovides ` thebasisforlanguageinsubpartG.TheprimarychangetotheHONclosed-ventsystemlanguageistherestructuringtomeettheformatusedelsewhereintheCAR.Thatis,inthiscase,toseparatetheprovisionsintoequipmentandoperatingrequirements(includingby-passmonitoring),inspectionrequirements,inspectionprocedures,andleakrepairprovisions.SpecificclarificationstotheHONlanguagearediscussedbelow. -`'*  ` Clarifyingimprovementsweremadetotheconsolidatedclosed-ventsysteminspectionprocedures.Forexample,theHONrequiresthatthecalibrationgasbenomorethan2000ppmhigherthantheleakdefinition.ThisrequirementintheHONisgiveninagenericsection,toapplytovariousleakdefinitions.Sincetheleakdefinitionforclosed-ventsystemsis500ppmv,theCARspecifiesacalibrationgasconcentrationlimitof2500ppmformultiscaleinstrumentsforclosed-ventsystems.Inaddition,theHONrequiresthataninstrumentresponsefactor,ifused,tobebasedonthemathematicalaverageresponsefactorforthegivenprocessfluid.Sincetheprocessfluidcompositioncanvaryconsiderably,EPAreducedtheburdenofthisprovisionintheCARbyspecifyingtheresponsefactorbebasedonarepresentativeresponsefactor,whichcouldapplytoafamilyofprocessfluids.Thisavoidsnumerousresponsefactorcalculationsforprocessfluidsthatareonlymarginallydifferentincomposition. ` TheCARdoesnotadoptaHONrequirementtoinspectstoragevesselclosed-ventsystemsduringfillingofthevessel.Pressureinastoragevesselclosed-ventsystem, -`'* andthereforepotentialleaksofregulatedmaterial,isnotafunctionoffilling,sincestoragevesselsaredesignedtorelieveatlowpressures.Thisrequirementisnotfoundinanyoftheotherreferencingsubparts. ` TheHONtransferoperationshasaprovisionthatrepairsmustbemadenolaterthan15calendardaysaftertheleakisdetectedoratthebeginningofthenexttransferloadingoperation.TheEPAdecided,asaclarification,toextendthisconcepttoallemissionpoints,thatis,thatrepaircanbeextendedlongerthan15daysiftheclosed-ventsystemisnotinuse.TheproposedCARrequiresrepairnolaterthan15calendardaysoratthebeginningofthenextintroductionofvaporstothesystem. ` SeveralaspectsoftheHONthatareadoptedintheCARprovideclarityand,insomecases,burdenreductions,relativetotheotherreferencingsubparts.Asummaryofthesignificantchangesfromtheotherreferencingsubpartsfollows.  ((!$  ` TheCARclarifiesthatclosed-ventsystemsmustbeoperatingatalltimeswhenemissionsareventedtothem.Althoughthisrequirementisexplicitlystatedin -`'* 40CFRpart60,subpartsVVandDDD,and40CFRpart61,subpartVitisonlyimpliedintheotherreferencingsubpartsthatitisnecessarytohavetheclosed-ventsysteminoperationwhenemissionsareventedtoit.Therequirementderivesfromthegeneralprovisionsrequirementsineachpartto"...operateandmaintainanyaffectedfacility,includingassociatedairpollutioncontrolequipment,inamannerconsistentwithgoodairpollutioncontrolpractices..."Also,asimilarrequirementforcontroldevicesisstatedinmanyrules.Explicitlystatingtherequirementimprovesalltherulesbymakingthecompliancerequirementsclear. ` Forequipmentinaclosed-ventsystemthatcandivertthestreamawayfromthecontroldeviceandtotheatmosphere,theowneroroperatorisrequiredtoeither(1)install,maintain,andoperateaflowindicatorthattakesareadingatleastevery15minutes,or(2)tosecurethebypasslinevalveinthenondivertingpositionwithacarsealoralockandkeytypeconfiguration.TheHONexemptscertainequipment(pressurereliefvalvesneededforsafetypurposes,lowlegdrains,highpointbleeds,analyzervents,andopenendedvalvesorlines)fromthese -`'* requirements.TheEPAhasincorporatedthisexemptionintotheCARasaclarificationforthenonHONreferencingsubparts. ` Theclosed-ventsystemprovisionsof40CFRpart60,subpartDDD,and40CFRpart61,subpartBBrequiretheowneroroperatortocarsealopenallinlinevalvesinaclosed-ventsystem(valvesleadingtothecontroldevice).Theotherreferencingsubpartspresentthisrequirementbyspecifyingeitherflowindicatorsorcarsealedclosedvalvesonalllinesdivertingthestreamawayfromthecontroldeviceandtotheatmosphere.Forconsistency,thecarsealedclosedorflowindicatorapproachisfollowedintheCAR. ` TheCARrequiresbypassmonitoring.Insteadofbypassmonitoringforlinesthatcandivertthevaporsinaclosed-ventsystemawayfromthecontroldevicetotheatmosphere,40CFRpart60,subpartsIIIandNNNcontainprocessventflowmonitoringprovisionspriortothecontroldevice.TheCARdoesnotallowthismethodofmonitoringforbypasses.TheEPAdecidedthatthemethodsusedbytheHONandmanyoftheotherreferencingsubpartsaremorerelevant.Monitoringtheventflowdoesnotensurethat -`'* bypassesarenottakingplace.Regulatedsourcescurrentlyusingflowmonitorsunder40CFRpart60,subpartsIIIandNNNwouldhavetoswitchtobypassmonitoringinordertousetheCAR.Furthermore,thischangewillbeasignificantburdenreductionformanysources.ManyprocessventsnotsubjecttotheHONbutsubjectto40CFRpart60,subpartsIIIandNNN,areroutedtocontroldevicessubjecttotheHONthroughcommonclosed-ventsystemswhicharesubjecttotheHON.Theseventscan,undertheCAR,performonlythebypassmonitoringrequirementsoftheHONinsteadofalsohavingtheirventflowmeasuredunder40CFRpart60,subpartsIIIandNNN. ` Thelanguageusedintheclosed-ventsysteminspectionprovisionsoftheCARarebasedonthemorerecentworkpracticeapproachoftheHONand40CFRpart60,subpartVVforclosed-ventsysteminspections.Therequirementto"operatewithnodetectableemissions"asstatedin40CFRpart60,subpartKband40CFRpart61,subpartY,andtherequirementof40CFRpart60,subpartKato"collectallVOCvaporsandgasesdischargedfromthestoragevessel"arenotincludedintheCAR.TheEPAconcludedthattheHONworkpracticeinspectionlanguagewasmorespecificand -`'* easierforenforcementandcompliance,whileachievingtheintentofthereferencingsubparts. ` TheCARalsoretainsthedistinctionbetweenhardpipingandductworkmadeintheHONand40CFRpart60,subpartVVclosed-ventsysteminspectionprovisions.Hardpipingandductworkhavedifferentleakinspectionrequirements.Thisdistinctiondoesnotexistin40CFRpart61,subpartsV,YandBB.Also,HONprovisionscoveringsituationswhereitisunsafeordifficulttoinspecttheclosed-ventsystemwereappliedtotheCAR. ` Fuel&  gassystemsandprocesses.'(SFuelgassystems ( consistofpipingandcontrolsystemsthatgathergaseousstreamsandreturnthemtocombustiondevicesforuseasfuelgas.Forsuchsystems,theCARadoptedtheequipmentandoperatingrequirementsaswellascompliancedeterminationproceduresfromtheHON. ` TheEPAreasonedthattheexplicitHONprovisionsforroutingemissionstoaprocessortoafuelgassystemshouldbeallowedintheCARwhentheowneroroperatorchoosesorisrequiredtocomplywithstoragevessel,transfer,orequipmentleakcontrolrequirements.TheemissionpointtypescoveredbytheHONarethesameas -`'* thosecoveredbythereferencingsubparts.WhiledevelopingtheHON,EPAdeterminedthatroutingemissionstoafuelgassystemorprocessprovidessufficientcontrol,inmostcasesinexcessof98percentreduction.Noneofthenon-HONreferencingsubpartsexplicitlyallowedthisoption.(See61FR43703,August26,1996,forfurtherdiscussionofthisissue.) ` NotethattheoptionofroutingtoafuelgassystemortoaprocessisnotprovidedforprocessventsintheCAR,since,basedontheCAR'sdefinitionofprocessvents,theseventstreamsarenotconsideredtobeprocessventsunlessoruntiltheyareventedtotheatmosphere. ` Nonflarecontroldevicesforstoragevesselsand  low-throughputtransferracks.TheHONwasusedasthe ` basisfortheCARlanguageforthissection.ThestructureissimilartotheothersectionsofsubpartGwithanequipmentandoperatingrequirements,adesignevaluationorperformancetestrequirements,andamonitoringrequirementparagraph.AlthoughthelanguageisbasedontheHON,itisimportanttonotethatthissectionrepresentsaconsolidationofHONstoragevesselandHONlow-throughputtransferrackprovisions.Low-throughputtransferracksare -`'* racksthattransferlessthanatotalof11.8millionlitersperyearofliquidcontainingregulatedmaterials. ` ThestoragevesselandHONlowthroughputtransferrackprovisionsareverysimilar.Theonlydifferencesare:(1)theHONstoragevesselprovisionsrequireadesignevaluationandtheHONtransferprovisionsallowachoicebetweenadesignevaluationorperformancetest;and(2)thelowthroughputtransferrackprovisionsintheHONrequirethemonitoringparametersandrangestobeidentified,asdoestheHONstoragevesselprovision,butitalsorequiresspecificmonitoringdevicestobeinstalleddependingonthecontroldevicebeingused. ` TheCARallowsachoiceofadesignevaluationorperformancetestforbothstoragevesselsandtransferracks.TheEPAreasonedthataperformancetestcouldbeusedinplaceofadesignevaluationsinceitismoredefinitivethanadesignevaluationinmanycases.TheCARclarifiestheHONtransfermonitoringprovisionsbyconsolidatingtheprovisionsoftheHONstoragevessels.Also,EPAclarifiesintheCARthatwhenaperformancetestisconductedthefacilitycanspecifytheparameterstobemonitoredandtheirappropriateranges.Continuous -`'* monitoringisnotrequiredforeitherstoragevesselsortransferracksunlessthisisspecificallyrequiredinthemonitoringplanwhichidentifiestheparameterstobemonitoredandthemonitoringrange.ThisisasrequiredintheHONstoragevesselprovisionsandaclarificationtothetransferrackprovisions. ` Thestoragevesselsubparts,40CFRpart60,subpartKband40CFRpart61,subpartY,donotallowforaperformancetestinsteadofadesignevaluation,sotheCARprovidesaflexibilitythatwaspreviouslyunavailableintheserules.Theperformancetest/designevaluationoptionsaresummarizedbelow: ` (1)Theowneroroperatormaychoosetodoadesignevaluationinsteadofaperformancetesttosetthemonitoringparameters.TherequirementsfordeterminingthemonitoringparametersweretakenfromtheHONtheowneroroperatorchoosestheparameters,theranges,andthemonitoringfrequencybasedonsitespecificinformation,manufacturer'sspecifications,engineeringjudgment,orothersignificantinformation. ` (2)Theowneroroperatormayventtoasharedcontroldevicethatmustcomplywiththeperformancetesting -`'* requirementsoftheCAR.TherequirementsforthiscasearetakenfromtheHON.Thereareminimalrecordsandreportsforthiscase,becausethefacilityisalreadykeepingrecordsandsubmittingreportsfortheotheremissionpointthatsharesthecontroldevice.TheEPAreasonedthatrequiringjusttheperformancetestinsteadofthedesignevaluationwouldbeacceptable,astheperformancetestprovidestheinformationnecessarytoassurethecontroldevicecanperformatthelevelneededtomeetthestandard. ` (3)Theowneroroperatormaychoosetodoaperformancetestinsteadofadesignevaluation.ThisisthenewoptionundertheCAR;itisnotcontainedinanyofthereferencingsubpartsexceptfortheHONtransferrackprovisions.Thisoptionappliestheprovisionsfordeterminingparameterrangesasdescribedintheoptionforstoragevesselsandlowthroughputtransferracksconductingadesignevaluationonanonsharedcontroldevice(option1). ` SubpartBBof40CFRpart61doesnotprovideforadesignevaluationinsteadofperformancetestforlow-throughputtransferracks.TheEPAreasonedthatperformancetestsshouldnotberequiredforsubpartBB -`'* low-throughputtransferracksforthesamereasonthattheyarenotrequiredforHONlow-throughputtransferracks.Atthislowlevelofthroughputitisdifficulttoorganizeaperformancetestbecauseoftheinfrequentloadingoftanktrucksorrailcars.(SeeHazardousAirPollutantEmissionsfromProcessUnitsintheSyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturingIndustryBackgroundInformationforFinalStandards.Volume2A:CommentsonProcessVents,StorageVessels,TransferOperations,andEquipmentLeaks.FinalIS.EPA-453/R-94-003a.pp4-134-14.)Also,EPArecognizesthatmanyofthesubpartBBtransferracksataSOCMIfacilitywillbesubjecttotheHON.Therefore,thisprovisionisalreadyavailabletothesesubpartBBtransferracks. ` SubpartKaof40CFRpart60requiressubmissionofamonitoringplanforcontroldevices(includingflares),butitcontainsnorequirementstomonitorpertheplanortoreport.TheCARstoragevesselnonflarecontroldeviceprovisionsaremoreprescriptivethanthesubpartKaprovisions,butEPAbelievesthatthereareveryfewsubpartKastoragevesselsusingclosed-ventsystemsandcontroldevicesforcompliance.Inthespiritof -`'* consolidation,andnotingthattheCARisacompliancealternative,thedesignevaluationandcompliancedeterminationprovisionsarebasedontheHONlanguage. ` ProvisionsintheHON,40CFRpart60,subpartKb,and40CFRpart61,subpartY,allprovidetheequivalentofadesignevaluationinthecasewherestoragevesselvaporsarecontrolledbyanon-flarecontroldevice.TheCARlanguage,asbasedontheHON,hasseveraldetailsrequiredinthedesignevaluationthatarenotrequiredinsubpartsKbandY.Specificallythesedetailspertaintoinformationthatmustbeincludedinthedesignevaluationgiventhetypeofdevice.Forinstance,theCARspecifiesforenclosedcombustorsthat,ifapplicable,thedesignevaluationmustincludetheautoignitiontemperatureofthestreambeingcombusted,theflowrate,thecombustiontemperatureandtheresidencetime.TheCARalsospecifiestheinformationrequiredforcarbonadsorbersandcondensers.SubpartsKbandYdonotcontainthesedetails.TheEPAisrequiringthesedetailsintheCARbecausethesearethepiecesofinformationthatwouldbecontainedinadesignevaluationwhetheritbeforaHONorsubpartKborYstoragevessel.Byspecifyingtheseasrequirements,the -`'* CARisclearerandwillavoidmiscommunicationswhendesignevaluationsareprepared. ` SubpartKbof40CFRpart60and40CFRpart61,subpartYrequireaminimumresidencetimeof0.75secondsandaminimumtemperatureof816$Cforenclosedcombustion   devices.Enclosedcombustiondeviceswithtemperatureandresidencetimegreaterthanorequaltotheseminimumsneedonlyindicateinthedocumentationthatthisconditionexistsandnootherdocumentationisrequired.TheCARhasthesameprovisionbutusesaminimumtemperatureof760$C H andaminimumresidencetimeof0.5seconds,asdoestheHON.TheEPAchosetheHONvaluestoincorporateintheCARbecauseitwasdeterminedundertheHONthatthesevaluesareappropriatetoobtainthenecessaryemissionsreduction.Also,byusingtheHONvalues,theenclosedcombustorsmeetingtheminimumsinsubpartsKbandYwouldalsomeettheminimumsundertheHON. ` Therequirementin40CFRpart60,subpartKbandpart61,subpartYtoincludeinthedesignevaluationreportthemanufacturersdesignspecificationsforthecontroldevicewasnotincorporatedintotheCARbecausemostcontrolsarenotpurchasedasapackage;other -`'* requirementsintheCARwillprovidesufficientreportsofthecontroldevicespecifications. ` Nonflarecontroldevicesusedtocontrolequipment (  leaks.AsectionofsubpartGoftheCARcontainsthe   equipment,operating,andmonitoringrequirementsfornonflarecontroldevicesusedtocontrolequipmentleakemissions.Verysimilarlanguageisusedinallthreeequipmentleaksreferencingsubparts.Thissectionclarifiesthataperformancetestisnotrequiredforcontroldevicesusedonlytocontrolemissionsfromequipmentleaks. ` Therequirementtooperatethecontroldeviceatalltimeswhenemissionsareventedtothemisexplicitlycontainedonlyin40CFRpart60,subpartVV,buttherequirementcanbeinferredfortheothersubpartsasoutlinedaboveinthegeneralclosedventsystemdiscussion. ` Flares.Equipmentandoperatingprovisionsforflares h$  areconsolidatedintothissectionoftheCARfrommanyreferencingsubparts,includingthegeneralprovisionsfrom40CFRparts60and63.Theflareequipmentandoperatingrequirements,flarecompliancedeterminationprocedures,andmonitoringprovisionsareconsolidated,asdiscussedbelow. -`'*  ` TheEPAidentifiedthattheHONrequirementforpilotflamemonitoringcouldbereadtocallformonitoringofeachpilotflame,whichwasnottheintentoftheHON.Thewordingwasclarifiedtorequireadevicecapableof"detectingthatatleastonepilotflameispresent."TheEPAalsodecidedthattoincreasetheflexibilityoftherule,flareflamemonitoringwouldbeallowedasitisallowedin40CFRpart60,subpartDDD.AnyoutageoftheflameorpilotflamewouldbereportableundertheCAR. ` TheHONlanguageisusedintheCARforclarificationonperformingtheMethod22visibleemissiontestsforflarecompliancedeterminationsattransferoperationswithloadingcyclesoflessthan2hours.TheobservationunderMethod22isrequiredtoextendfor2hours.UndertheCAR,theobservationcanbeconductedforthecompleteloadingcycleforloadingcycleslessthan2hours.SubpartBBof40CFRpart61doesnothavethisprovision. ` Theheatingvalueformulaforflaresfrom40CFRpart60generalprovisionsisusedthroughouttheCARbecausethisequationisbelievedtobethemostprevalentinuse.Usingthepart60generalprovisionsequationconsolidatesandclarifiestheequations,whichwere -`'* presentedinthevariousreferencingsubpartswithdifferentterms,differentformats,andondifferentbases(wetordry).Thevariousequations,however,allyieldthesameresultsifcorrectlyapplied,butthedifferentrepresentationscausedconfusion.Theheatingvalueequationforpart60processvents,forexample,waschangedfromadrytoawetbasistobeidenticaltothepart60generalprovisionsequation.Notethata"D"variableinsteadofa"C"variableforconcentrationisusedinthisequationtodistinguishnetheatingvalueconcentrationfromanotherconcentrationvariableusedinearlierequationsintheCAR. ` TheCARincludesarequirementthatisessentiallythesameasprovisionsin40CFRpart60,subpartDDDrequiringflareflameorpilotmonitorstobeoperatedduringanyflarecompliancedetermination.Thisisacommonsenseprovisionthatisnotexplicitlystatedelsewhere,anditisincludedintheCARforconsistencyandclarity.&   ` Incinerators.'((?Forthemostpart,theHONlanguagewas ((!$ usedasthebasisfortheincineratorprovisionsintheCAR.Incineratoroperatingrequirementsfrom40CFRpart60,subpartsVVandDDDwereusedintheCARtoexplicitly -`'* requirethatincineratorsshallbeoperatedatalltimeswhenemissionsareventedtothem.Theactualpart60requirementsspecifythattheincineratorsshallbeoperatedatalltimeswhenemissionsmaybeventedtothem.ThiswasclarifiedintheCARtoread"areventedtothem"becausethepart60requirementcouldbeinterpretedtorequirecontinuousoperationofthedeviceevenwhennotreceivingemissions.Inaddition,whilethisrequirementisnotexplicitlystatedintheHONforincinerators,itisanimpliedgeneralcontroldevicerequirementthatthecontroldevicemustbeoperating.Thisprovisionhasbeenaddedtoallthecontroldevicesectionsbutisonlymentionedhere. ` Inaddition,aprovisionfromtheNSPSprocessventrules(40CFRpart60,subpartsDDD,III,NNN,andRRR)wasincludedintheincineratorsection.Thisprovisionspecifieswhatshouldbedoneifanowneroroperatordecidestoreplaceanexistingcontroldevicewithanothercontroldevice.TheHONdoesnotspecifywhatshouldbedoneinthiscase,andtheNSPSlanguagespecifiesthatthenoticebemade90daysbeforethechange.TheNSPSlanguagewasusedintheCAR,butmodifiedtostatethatthenotificationofthechangemustonlybemadepriortothe -`'* change.ThisnotificationcanbeincludedinanamendmenttoatitleVpermitor,iftitleVisnotapplicable,inaseparatenoticethatcanbepartofaperiodicreport.Theadditionofthisprovisionaddsclarity.Thisprovisionwasaddedtoeverycontroldevicesectionbutisonlymentionedhere. ` Toclarifywheninitialperformancetestsarerequired,theCARaddedlanguageregardingincineratorperformancetestrequirements.TheHONlanguageexemptinganowneroroperatorfromtherequirementtoconductaperformancetestiftheincineratorburnshazardouswasteandmeetstherequirementsofRCRAwasincludedintheCARforallsourcessubjecttoperformancetestrequirements.TheEPAhasdeterminedthattheseincineratorsareadequatelytestedundertheRCRAprogram.(61FR43708,August26,1996)Thisexemptionalsoappliestodesignevaluationsandperformancetestsforstoragevesselsandlow-throughputtransferracksandisincludedinthesectionofsubpartGregardingnon-flarecontroldevicesusedonstoragevesselsandlow-throughputtransferracks. ` Boilersandprocessheaters.AlthoughtheHONlanguage +%( forboilerandprocessheaterrequirementswasusedforthe -`'* basisoftherequirementsintheCAR,40CFRpart60,subpartsDDD,III,NNNand40CFRpart61,subpartBBcontainessentiallythesamerequirementsforboilers(subpartRRRof40CFRpart60containsrequirementsidenticaltotheHON.)Oneexceptionisthatsomeofthereferencingsubpartsdonotcontaintheexemptionsfromperformancetestsandfrommonitoringforventsintroducedasprimaryfuelorforboilersorprocessheaterslargerthan44MW.Anexemptionfromperformancetestingandmonitoringwhentheventstreamismixedwiththeprimaryfuel,orforboilersorprocessheaterslargerthan44MW,wastakenfromtheHONandincludedintheCAR.ThebasisforthisdecisionbyEPAtoallowtheseexemptionsiscontainedinReactorProcessesintheSyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturingIndustryBackgroundInformationforPromulgatedStandards(EPA-450/3-90-016b).Thisdocumentexplainsthataventstreamintroducedwiththeprimaryfuelwouldbeexpectedtohaveanemissionsreductiongreaterthan98percentbecausetemperaturesarehigherwhentheventstreamispassedthroughtheflamefront.TheEPAhasalsooutlinedinthisdocumentthatlargeboilersandprocessheatersareexpectedtoachievean -`'* emissionreductiongreaterthan98percent.Theseexemptionsalsoapplytodesignevaluationsandperformancetestsforstoragevesselsandlow-throughputtransferracksandisincludedinthesectionofsubpartGregardingnon-flarecontroldevicesusedonstoragevesselsandlow-throughputtransferracks. ` Therequirementin40CFRpart61,subpartBBandin40CFRpart60,subpartsDDD,III,andNNNforrecordstobekeptoftheperiodsofboilerorprocessheateroperationisnotincludedintheCAR.Therecordofboilerorprocessheaterperiodsofoperationisnotnecessaryasitisasafetyhazardtointroducegasintoanidlecombustiondevice.Therefore,ventstreamsarenotexpectedtobeventedtotheboilerorprocessheaterunlessthedeviceisoperating,soarecordofwhenthedeviceisorisnotoperatingisnotneeded.&   ` Absorbers,condensers,andcarbonadsorbersusedas h$  controlorfinalrecoverydevices.'h$КSubpartGoftheCAR H&" coversabsorbers,condensers,andcarbonadsorbersinfoursectionsofthesubpart.Section65.150coversabsorbersascontroldevices,65.151coverscondensersascontroldevices,and65.152coverscarbonadsorbersascontrol -`'* devices,and65.153coversallthreedeviceswhentheyareusedasfinalrecoverydevices.Therecoverydevicesection(65.153)isspecificallyfordevicesthatareusedasfinalrecoverydevicesonGroup2Aprocessvents.Whenthesedevicesareusedascontroldevices(i.e.,arecapturedeviceonaGroup1processvent,orarecoveryorrecapturedeviceonatransferrack)65.150through65.152apply,asapplicable. ` VeryfewchangesweremadetotheHONlanguageforthesedevices,exceptfortherestructuringofprovisions(discussedinsectionsIV.BandVI.Aofthispreamble),theadditionoftheNSPSprocessventprovisiononchangingcontroldevicesandtherequirementtobeoperatingatalltimeswhenemissionsareventedtothem(bothdiscussedinthissectionunderincinerators).Changestotheotherreferencingsubpartsarediscussedbelow. ` SubpartBBof40CFRpart61forbenzenetransferoperationsdoesnotcontainprovisionsforcondensersandabsorbers.Itdoesallowcarbonadsorbersequippedwithorganicmonitoringdevicestobeused.IntheCAR,theabsorberandcondenserprovisionsareavailableforallreferencingsubparts,includingsubpartBB. -`'*  ` Inaddition,under40CFRpart61,subpartBBforbenzenetransferoperations,onlyorganicmonitorscouldbeusedfordeterminingcompliancewiththestandardwhenusingacarbonadsorber.Under40CFR60,subpartDDD,onlyorganicmonitorscouldbeusedfordeterminingcompliancewiththestandardwhenusinganabsorber,condenser,orcarbonadsorberforcontrolofacontinuousprocessvent.IntheCAR,asintheHON,eitheranorganicmonitoringdeviceoraregenerativestreamflowmonitoringdeviceisallowedforcarbonadsorbers;anorganicmonitoringdeviceoracondenserexittemperaturemonitoringdeviceisallowedforcondensers;andanorganicmonitoringdevice,orascrubbingliquidtemperaturemonitoringdeviceandaspecificgravitymonitoringdeviceisallowedforabsorbers. ` Halogenscrubbersandotherhalogenreductiondevices.  @ Halogenreductiondevicerequirementshavebeenconsolidatedintoonesectionratherthanlistedintheindividualcontroldevicesections.TheseHONrequirementshavebeenincludedintheCARforallprocessventsandtransferoperations.Theotherreferencingsubpartsdidnothavespecifichalogenventstreamrequirements,sotheCARispotentiallyintroducingsomeadditionalrequirementsfor -`'* halogenatedventstreamssubjecttothenonHONreferencingsubparts,iftheowneroroperatorchoosestocomplywiththeCAR.&   ` Othercontroldevices.' .Thissection(65.155)of   subpartGoutlinestherequirementsforcontroldevicesotherthanthosespecifiedin65.147through65.154.TheCARdiffersfrom40CFRpart60,subpartsDDD,III,NNN,andRRRinthatmoredetailisgivenintheCARontheinformationthatmustbeprovidedtotheAdministratorinordertoobtainapprovalforotherdevices.UndertheNSPS,theAdministratorspecifiestheappropriatemonitoringproceduresforthedevice.UndertheCAR,aplanissubmittedthatincludestheproposedmonitoring,reporting,andrecordkeepingprocedures.Byprovidingmoredetailsontheinformationtobesubmittedandbyallowingthefacilitytoproposemonitoring,EPAbelievesthiswillclarifytheinformationneededandaidincommunicationduringtheprocessofreviewingtheseplans. ` SubpartDDDof40CFRpart60and40CFRpart61,subpartBBalsocontainageneraldutyrequirementthatspecifiesthatthefacilitymust"providetheAdministratorwithinformationdescribingtheoperationofthecontrol -`'* device...thatwouldindicateproperoperationandmaintenance..."fornonlistedcontroldevices.TheEPAdidnotincludethegeneraldutyrequirementintheCARinfavorofthemorespecificmonitoringrequirementsfornonlistedcontroldevicesfrom40CFRpart63,generalprovisions,andtheHON. ` UndertheCAR,approvalauthorityforthemonitoringrecordkeeping,andreportingrequirementsforothercontroldevicesisdelegatedtothestatesasitisundertheHONandpart61.UndertheNSPSprocessventreferencingsubparts,thisauthorityisnotdelegated.ThedecisiontodelegateauthorityisconsistentwithstateauthorityundertitleV.TheEPAconsideredthatauthorityshouldbedelegatedforthisapprovalacrossalltherulesinordertoconsolidatetheprovisions.Also,manyofthefacilitiessubjecttotheNSPSprocessventreferencingsubpartsarealsosubjecttotheHON,thereforetheauthoritywouldalreadybedelegatedtotheStatesinmanyinstances. ` H.Monitoring,Recordkeeping,andReporting ` ThissectiondescribestheCARprovisionsfromsubpartGregardingperformancetests,monitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingrequirements.Theseprovisions -`'* areincludedinsubpartG,ratherthaninthegeneralprovisions,becausetheyarespecificrequirementsforclosed-ventsystems,controlandrecoverydevices,androutingtoafuelgassystemorprocess. ` ManysignificantdifferencesexistbetweentheCARprovisionsonmonitoring,recordkeepingandreporting(whichgenerallyfollowtheHONprovisions),andthesesameprovisionsinthenonHONreferencingsubparts.Thissectionprovidesabriefdescriptionofthedifferences.ForamorecompletediscussionoftheHONrecordkeepingprogramseetheHONproposalpreamble(57FR62608,December31,1992),thepromulgationpreamble(59FR19407,April22,1994),andtheBackgrounddocumentatpromulgation(HazardousAirPollutantEmissionsfromProcessUnitsintheSyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturingIndustryBackgroundInformationforFinalStandards,Volume2E:CommentsonRecordkeeping,Reporting,ComplianceandTestMethods,EPA-453/R-94-003e). ` BoththeCARandthepart60and61subpartsrequiremonitoringofthesamecontroldeviceoperatingparameters.However,theCARrequiresasitetojustifyandsetsitespecificoperatingparameterrangesforcontrolandrecovery -`'* devices.ThesitecansettheoperatingparameterrangestobethesameastheNSPSestablishedranges.Thecontrolorrecoverydeviceoperatingparametersaremonitoredandifthemonitoringresults,onadailyaveragebasis,falloutsidetheparameterrange,thenthereisanexcursionanditmustbereported.TheCARallowsoneexcusedexcursionbeforetheexcursionisconsideredaviolation.TheHONallowssixexcusedexcursionsinthefirstsemiannualreportingperiod(thiswouldbeinthefirstyearofbeingsubjecttotheHON),fiveexcusedexcursioninthesecondsemiannualreportingperiod,andsoon,untiloneexcusedexcursionisallowedinthesixthandallsubsequentsemiannualreportingperiods. ` TheCARprovisionsaredifferentfromthenonHONreferencingsubpartswherespecificmonitoringrangesaregivenintherulesdependingonthecontrolorrecoverydevicebeingused.In40CFRpart60and61,3-houraveragesarerequiredofthemonitoredparameters.These3-houraveragesarecomparedtothemonitoringrangesspecifiedintherules.Ifa3-houraverageisoutsidetherangeintheruleitmustbereported,andtheoutofrangevaluesmaytriggertheAdministratortorequireanother -`'* performancetest.Iftheperformancetestindicatesthatthecontrolorrecoverydeviceisnotperformingattherequiredlevel,thefacilitywouldbeinviolation. ` TheCARallowsownersoroperatorstousetherangesfromthenonHONreferencingsubpartsastheoperatingparameterrangesforthesourcesaccustomedtothoseranges;or,asourcecanjustifyasitespecificrange.However,anyexcursionsaftertheoneexcusedexcursionwouldbeconsideredaviolation. ` OnechangemadetotheseHONprovisionsintheCARpertainstotherecordsofcontinuousmonitors.IntheHON,theowneroroperatorhastheoptionofmaintainingarecordof(1)eachmeasuredvalue,or(2)blockaveragevalueforintervalsupto15-minuteaverages.TheCARalsocontainstheseoptions.Inaddition,athirdoptionisgiventhatallowsretentionofhourlyaveragedataandthemostrecentthreevalidhoursofcontinuousrecords.TheEPAdecidedtoallowthisoptionasaburdenreduction,becausemanycomputersystemscurrentlyinuseintheSOCMIindustryonlyarchivehourlydataand"overwrite"therawdataeveryfewhours,becauseofthemassiveamountofstoragethatwouldberequiredtomaintainrecordsofdataonamorefrequent -`'* basis.TypicalSOCMIprocesscomputersystemshandlethousandsofdatapoints,sothatevenhourlyrecordsinvolvetensofthousandsofdatarecordseachday.TheCARalternativehasbeenprovidedtoallowuseoftheseexistingsystemswithoutrequiringinstallationofnewcomputersystemsorparallelpaper(stripchart)systems.TheEPAfeltitwasnecessarytorequirethemostrecentthreevalidhoursofrecordssothataninspectorwouldhavethenecessarydatatodeterminewhetheraverageswerecorrectlycalculated.TheEPAreasonedthat3hoursofdataaresufficientforcheckingonpotentialprogrammingerror.Byrequiringthemostrecent3hours,theEPAensuresarandomnesstothe3hoursofdataavailabletocheck.TheCARspecifiesvalidhoursbecauseaninvalidhourofmonitoringmaynotcontainthenecessarydatafortheaverageverification.Byprovidingforadequatedatatodemonstratethatthehourlyaverageiscorrectlycalculated,noreductionincomplianceassuranceisanticipatedandverylargeinitialandongoingcostsfornewrecordkeeping systemsareavoidedformanySOCMIfacilities. *#&  ` Thefollowingparagraphsdescribeadditionalburdenreductionsandclarificationchangesmadeinthemonitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingsectionsofsubpartG. &   ` Generalmonitoringrequirements.' TheCARspecifies   whichmonitoringdatamustbekeptandusedforcompliancewhenaprimaryCPMSandabackuparebeingused.Thisclarificationisnotexplicitinparts60or61. ` TheCARadoptstherequirementsfrom40CFRparts61and63generalprovisionsfortheimmediaterepairorreplacementofCPMSpartstocorrectroutinemalfunctions.Theserequirementsarenotinthegeneralprovisionsof40CFRpart60.Thisrequirementspellsoutgoodpracticesasrequiredunder40CFR60.11(d)and60.13(e)and(f),40CFRpart60,subpartA. ` Inadditiontotheprovisionstorequestalternativemonitoringandrecordkeepingproceduresallowedunderallreferencingsubparts,theCAR,asdoestheHON,specificallyallowsnonautomatedCPMSincertainsituations.AlthoughnonautomatedCPMSareallowed,theprovisionsdorequiredatatobecollected,nolessfrequentlythanhourly.Therefore,EPAbelievesthatnonautomatedCPMSwouldbearealoptiononlyforfacilitieswherethecostofautomation -`'* wouldnotbejustifiable.Asmallbatchoperationisanexamplewherethecostmaynotbejustifiable. ` Performancetestsandflarecompliancedetermination (  requirements.TheCARallows180daystocompleterequired   performancetests,and60daystosubmitthereportaftertheperformancetest.Thegeneralprovisionstopart60allowupto180daysandtheGeneralProvisionstopart61allow90daysforconductingtheperformancetestandsubmittingthereport.TheGeneralProvisionstopart63allow180daystoconducttheperformancetestand60daystosubmitthereport,whiletheHONspecifies150daystoconductthetest.TheEPAadoptedthetimeframefromthepart63generalprovisionsbecauseitprovidesthegreatestamountoftimetoconducttheperformancetestandpreparethereport;thismoreexpansivetimeframeisappropriatefortheCAR,giventhepotentiallylargenumberofperformancetestsandreportsthatwouldneedtobecompleted.Theshorterlengthoftimefrompart61wouldnotbeappropriatefortheCARbecausetheCARcoversseveralemissionpointtypes,andtheshortertimeframecouldmaketheorganizingoftheperformancetestsandthepreparingofreportsmoredifficult. -`'*  ` Thereferencingsubpartsdonotclearlyindicatewhatactivitiesmustbeperformedduringaperformancetestforaflare.TheCARdoesnotusetheterm"performancetest"forflares;forthepurposesofdistinctionandclarity,theCARrefersto"flarecompliancedeterminations."SomeHONprovisionsforperformancetestsshouldbeincludedintheCARsflarecompliancedetermination,butmanyshouldnot.TheprovisionsthatdoapplyareadoptedfromtheperformancetestlanguageintheHON,butaremodifiedtoapplytoflares.ExamplesoftheprovisionsthatapplytoflarecompliancedeterminationsaretheprovisionthattheAdministratormayrequireaflarecompliancedeterminationatanytimeandtheprovisiononflarecompliancedeterminationwaivers.TheEPAconsidersthisaclarification. ` TheCARexcludesaprovisionfromboth40CFRpart61,subpartBBandtheHONthatrequiresaclosed-ventsystemroutingemissionsfromatransferracktoacontroldevicetobeinspectedpriortoaperformancetestbeingconducted.TheinspectionisaleakdetectioninspectionusingMethod21.TheEPAdidnotincludethisprovisionintheCARbecausetheclosed-ventsystemisalreadyunderthe -`'* requirementtobeinspectedinitiallyandannually.Thisinitialandperiodicinspectionissufficienttoensurethattheclosed-ventsystemdoesnotleakduringtheperformancetest.Also,closed-ventsystemsonothertypesofemissionpointsarenotrequiredtobeinspectedpriortoaperformancetest. ` SourcesarenotrequiredtoconductaperformancetesttocomplywiththeCARifaperformancetesthasbeenconductedpreviouslyusingthesametestmethodrequiredbytheCARandunderthesameoperatingconditionsthatcurrentlyexist.ThisexemptionisnotinanyotherreferencingsubpartsotherthantheHON. ` Additionally,theCARallowsperformancetestsandcompliancedeterminationstobewaivedthroughwrittenrequesttotheAdministratoriftheAdministratordeterminesthat(1)thesourceisbeingoperatedincontinuouscompliance,(2)thesourceisoperatingunderacomplianceextensionunder40CFRpart63,or(3)thesourceisoperatingunderacompliancewaiverunder40CFRpart61. ` Performancetestprocedures.TheCARspecifiesthat *#& eachperformancetestwillconsistofthreeseparaterunsusingtheapplicablemethod;eachrunmustbeatleastan -`'* hourinduration;andcompliancewillbedeterminedusingthearithmeticmeanoftheresultsofthethreeruns.Thislanguageistakenfromthegeneralprovisionsfor40CFRpart60.TheHONhassimilarlanguage,but40CFRpart61hasnoequivalent.ThustheCARclarifiestherequirementsforpart61sources. ` TheCARrequiresthatperformancetestsbeconductedduring"maximumrepresentativeoperatingconditionsfortheprocess."Itclarifiesthisrequirementbyspecifyingthat,duringtheperformancetest,thecontroldevicemaybeoperatedatmaximumorminimumrepresentativeoperatingconditionsformonitoredcontroldeviceparameters,whicheverresultsinloweremissionreduction.Thegeneralprovisionsof40CFRparts60and63alsorequireperformancetestsatmaximumcapacityandatrepresentativeoperatingconditionsoftheprocess.SubpartsIII,NNN,andRRRof40CFRpart60requireperformanceteststobeconductedat"...fulloperatingconditionsandflowrates..."Thegeneralprovisionsof40CFRpart61requiretheperformancetesttoberun"...undersuchconditionsastheAdministratorshallspecify..."NoneofthenonHONreferencingsubparts,noranyofthegeneralprovisions, -`'* containtheadditionalclarifyingprovisionsthatthecontroldevicemaybeoperatedundermaximumorminimumrepresentativeoperatingconditions,whicheverresultsinloweremissionreduction.TheCARprovisionsrepresenttheintentofallofthereferencingsubpartsandaddsomeadditionalclarity. ` Fortransferracks,theCARprovidesdetailsonhowaperformancetestmustbeconductedforcontroldevicescapableofcontinuousvaporprocessingandforintermittentvaporprocessingsystems.SubpartBBof40CFRpart61doesnotspecifythesedetailsfortransferracksandrequiresperformanceteststobeconductedoveracompleteloadingcycle.TheexplicitprovisionsoftheCARareusefulfortransferracksbecauseloadingatanktruckorrailcarcantakemuchlongerthananhour.Forlongloadingcyclesitmakessensetobasethetestrunonhowthecontroldeviceworksinsteadofontheloadingcycle. ` TheCARclarifiestheperformancetestrequirementsforaboilerorprocessheaterwithadesigninputcapacitylessthan44MWthatisusedasacontroldevice.TheCARrequirestheinletsamplingsitetobelocatedsothatitmeasuresthepollutantconcentrationinallventstreamsand -`'* primaryandsecondaryfuels.Therefore,thepercentreductionisdeterminedforallventstreamsandprimaryorsecondaryfuels.Thisclarificationisnotin40CFRpart60,subpartDDD,III,orNNN. ` SubpartBBof40CFRpart61allowstheuseofMethod25Btodetermineconcentrationforcalculatingthepercentreductionefficiency.TheCARdoesnotallowthismethodbecauseMethod25Bcanonlybeusedwhenaprimaryconstituentintheventstreamisassumed.InaconsolidatedruleforSOCMI,anindustrythatvariessignificantlyonventstreamcomposition,amethodthatisnotflexiblecannotbespecified.Method25Bcanalwaysberequestedasanalternativemethod,onacasebycasebasis. ` Forcombustiondevicesthatdonotusesupplementalcombustionair,theCARdoesnotcontaintheprovisionin40CFRpart61,subpartDDDwhichspecifiesthattheconcentrationshallnotbecorrectedto3percentoxygenwhencalculatingthepercentreductionoroutletconcentration.Rather,theCARandalloftheotherreferencingsubpartsrequiretheconcentrationtobe correctedto3percentoxygenforallcombustiondevices. +%( TheEPArequestscommentonwhateffectthismayhaveonsubpartDDDsources. &   ` Performancetestrecords.'( TheCARincludesthe (  requirementforrecordstobekeptofthelocationwhereaventstreamisintroducedintoaboilerorprocessheater.However,theCARdoesnotincludetherequirementcontainedin40CFRpart60,subpartDDDtoalsokeeptheserecordsforincinerators.SubpartDDDistheonlyreferencingsubpartthathasthisrequirement.Incineratorsarerequiredtohaveperformancetestsandcontinuousmonitoringconducted.Conversely,boilersandprocessheatersthathavetheirventstreamintroducedwiththeprimaryfuel(intheflamezone)arenotrequiredtohaveperformancetestsorcontinuousmonitoringconducted.Therefore,itisnotnecessarytolocatewheretheventstreamisintroducedinanincineratorforadeterminationofcompliance,becauseperformancetestsandcontinuousmonitoringarerequired.TheEPAconsidersthisaburdenreduction. ` TheCARrequiresrecordsofthepercentreductionorpollutantconcentrationtobedeterminedattheoutletofthecombustiondevice,onadrybasiscorrectedto3percentoxygen.While40CFRpart61,subpartBBdoesnot -`'* explicitlyrequirethatthepercentreductionberecordedforboilerslessthan44MWdesigninputcapacity,itisgenerallyunderstoodthattheserecordsarerequired.TheCARthereforeclarifiestheintentofsubpartBB.&   ` Nonflarecontrolandrecoverydevicemonitoring   records.' TheCARreducestherequirementsforCPMS `  calibrationrecordsbyrequiringonlythoserecordsthatarenecessarytodeterminetheaccuracyofthereadings.TheCARrequiresretentionofonlythe"asfound"and"asleft"readingswheneveranadjustmentismadethatwilleffecttheCPMSreading,anda"noadjustment"statementotherwise.Comparedtoreferencingsubpartlanguagerequiringretentionof"all"calibrationrecords,theCARlanguagesignificantlyreducesthenumberofpotentialrecordsthatmustberetainedandaddsclaritytowhatisneeded. ` UndertheCAR,theoptiontouseadatacompressionsystemforcontrolandrecoverydevicedatahandlingisallowed.Ownersoroperatorsmayrequestapprovalofanautomateddatacompressionrecordingsystemthatdoesnotrecordvaluesatasetfrequency,butrecordsvaluesthatmeetsetcriteriaforvariationfrompreviouslyrecordedvalues.Underthe40CFRparts60and61referencing -`'* subparts,thisdatacompressionoptionwasnotpreviouslyoffered.AlthoughEPAdoesnotgenerallyrecommendexpandingtheapplicationofthisdatacompressionoptionuntilexperienceisgainedwiththeimpactofsuchrecordreductionsystemsoncompliancedeterminationsandenforcement,thisprovisionisextendedintheCARto40CFRparts60and61sourcestoprovideHONsourcesthisflexibility,whichwaspreviouslyprovidedtothem,andtofacilitateconsolidationoftherules.&   ` Otherrecords.'H Section65.163containsrequirements H for"OtherRecords."UndertheCAR,closed-ventsystemsthatcontainbypasslineskeeponlyhourlyrecordsofflowindicatoroperationanddiversiondetection.SubpartRRRof40CFRpart60requires"continuousrecords."TheEPAdeterminedthatcontinuous(i.e.,15-minuterecords)recordsarenotnecessarytoensurecomplianceinthiscase,butrathercontinuousmonitoringwitharecordmadeonceperhourindicatingwhethertherewasflow(andtherefore,bypass)atanymonitoredtimewithinthehour.Similarly,40CFRpart60,subpartDDD,RRR,andNNNrequirecontinuous recordsofpilotflamemonitoringresults,whiletheCAR +%( requireshourlyrecordsliketheHONandthe40CFRparts60and63generalprovisionsflarerequirements.  ` TheCARdoesnotincludetheprovisionfrom40CFRpart60,subpartsDDDandRRRand40CFRpart61,subpartBB,andtheHONtransferprovisionsthatrequiresadescriptiontobemaintainedoftheventstream.Thedescriptionmustcontainaschematicrecordingofallvalvesandventpipesthatcouldventthestreamtotheatmosphere.TheEPAdecidedthatthisrecordwouldnotberequiredintheCARbecauseoftheburdenassociatedwithkeepingadescriptionwithanuptodateschematic.Thesetypesofdescriptionsaredifficulttokeepuptodatebecauseofthefrequencywithwhichtheroutingsystemschange.Also,thefacilitycanexplainthesystemataninspectorsrequestwiththeaidofotherdrawings,equipmentleakrecords,andvisually.Aninspectorcouldalsorequestthisdescriptiontobeprovidedatthetimeoftheinspection. ` TheCARincorporateslanguagefromtheHONwhichrecognizesunsafeordifficulttoinspectequipmentinaclosed-ventsystemwhichallowslessfrequentmonitoringof suchequipment.Thisallowanceisnotin40CFRpart61, +%( subpartV.TheCARthereforeprovidessomeflexibilityindealingwiththistypeofequipment.  ` Forcarseals,theCARrequiresmonthlyvisualinspectionwithrecordsthatindicatewhenacarsealisbroken.The40CFRpart60,subpartRRRrequirementtorecordtheserialnumbersofcarsealsandtomaintainthisrecordwhencarsealsarereplacedisnotintheCAR.Thus,thenecessaryrecordiswhetheracarsealisbrokenandnotexactlywhichcarsealsareinplace.NothavingtorecordtheserialnumbersofallcarsealsprovidesaburdenreductiontosubpartRRRsources. ` Whenequipmentleaksaredetectedinaclosed-ventsystem,40CFRpart61,subpartVand40CFRpart60,subpartVVrequirerecordsofinformationsuchasrepairmethod,thesignatureofowneroroperator,andexpecteddateofsuccessfulrepair.TheserequirementsarenotincludedintheCAR.Inthespiritofconsolidation,EPAconsidersthattherecordsspecifiedin65.163(a)(3)adequatelydocumentthenecessaryinformationforleakingequipment.Therequiredrecordsare:theinstrumentandtheequipmentidentificationnumber;theoperatorname,initials,oridentificationnumber;thedatetheleakwas -`'* detected,thedateofthefirstattemptatrepair,thedateofsuccessfulrepairoftheleak;maximuminstrumentreadingmeasuredaftertheleakissuccessfullyrepairedordeterminedtobenonrepairable;thereasonforadelayofrepair,ifthereisadelay;andcopiesoftheperiodicreportsifrecordsarenotmaintainedonacomputerizeddatabase. ` TheCARincludesrequirementsforrecordstobemaintainedoflocationswhereaventstreamisintroducedintotheboilerorprocessheater,andofinstanceswhenthislocationischanged.Thisrequirementisalsoincludedinthereferencingsubparts.However,asaburdenreduction,theCARdoesnotcontaintherequirementin40CFRparts60and61toreportthisinformation.Thisinformationishelpfultotheimplementingagencyifachangeismadeandtheventstreamnolongerwillbeintroducedwiththeprimaryfuel;inthesecases,aperformancetestmaybenecessary.Ifso,anotificationandreportoftheperformancetestarerequired.Therefore,thesecaseswillbereported.Intheothersituations, theserecordscanbereviewed,asneeded,atthefacility. +%(  ` TheCARprovidesadditionalflexibilityregardingthe notificationtotheAdministratorthataperformancetestisbeingconducted.Althoughthisflexibilityisnotcurrentlyprovidedinthereferencingsubparts,itisconsistentwithrevisionsproposedin61FR47840,September11,1996(RecordkeepingandReportingBurdenReduction).TheCARspecifieswhatshouldbedoneifthereisadelayinconductingthescheduledperformancetest.TheCARrequirestheowneroroperatortoprovideatleast7daysnoticepriortotherescheduleddateoftheperformancetest,ortoarrangearescheduleddatebymutualagreementwiththeAdministrator.TheEPArecognizesthatunforseensituationshappenandthatprovisionsforreschedulingareuseful. ` TheCARallowsarequesttobesubmittedatanytimefortheuseofalternativetestmethods.Thegeneralprovisionsof40CFRpart61includestimeconstraintsonwhenanalternativetestmethodmayberequested(i.e.,30daysaftertheeffectivedateor,fornewsources,notlaterthanwiththenotificationofanticipatedstartup).Althoughallgeneralprovisionsallowanalternativetestmethodtoberequested,theothergeneralprovisionsdonotspecifyatimeframewithinwhichtherequestmustbe -`'* submitted.TheEPAconsidersitaclarificationtonotspecifyatimeframewithinwhichtherequestmustbesubmitted,becauseanalternativetestmethodmayberequestedforperformancetestsotherthanatstartup.Itisnotnecessarytohavethetestmethodapproved30daysafteraneffectivedateorbythenotificationofanticipatedstartupaslongasitisapprovedintimetoconducttheperformancetestonschedule.VII.DelegationoftheCARtoStateAuthorities h  ` ManyStateshaveobtaineddelegationtoimplementandenforcetheCARsreferencingsubparts.TheseStates'authoritytoimplementandenforcetheunderlyingNSPSorNESHAPrestsontheStatecode,andthedelegationofauthoritybyEPAtotheStateinturnrestsontheStatesabilitytoimplementandenforcethoseFederalrequirements. ` Bytodaysaction,EPAisproposingtoconsolidateandsomewhatrevisecertainprovisionscontainedinparts60,61,and63,foraffectedSOCMIsources,suchthatregulatedsourceswouldbeallowedtocomplywiththosenewlyrevisedprovisionsintheCAR.TheseregulatoryrevisionscouldresultintheneedforsubsequentactionattheStateleveltorevisetheStatecodeandtosubmitanupdateddelegation -`'* requesttoEPA,whichcouldthennecessitateadditionalFederaladministrativeprocedures,beforethesourcecouldtakeadvantageoftheCARandbeforetheStatecouldenforceit.StaterulemakingandEPAactionondelegationrequestsaretimeconsuming,oftentakingseveralyears.Intheinterim,thesourcemaybeunabletoavailitselfoftheCARbenefits,becausetheCARcouldapplyattheFederallevelwhiletheNSPSandNESHAPcontinuetoapplythroughtheStatescodeuntiltheStatescodecanbeamended. ` TheEPAdoesnotwishsuchasituationtoimpedeadoptionoftheCARbyasource.Indeed,EPAencouragesimplementationoftheCARattheearliestpossibledatefollowingpromulgationofthefinalrule.AstreamlinedapproachtoimplementtheCARunderdelegatedStateauthoritiesisthusanimportantingredienttothesuccessoftheruleconsolidationeffort. ` InordertofacilitateandexpeditedelegationandimplementationoftheCAR,EPAistakingtwosteps.First,EPAisproposingtorecognizetheCARasanalternativecomplianceapproachtotheindividualsubpartsbeingconsolidated.Thisstep,asdiscussedbelow,mayallowsourcesinsomeStatestobegintousetheCARimmediately -`'* afterpromulgationwhilestillremainingincompliancewiththeexistingStatecodeofregulationsuponwhichdelegationisbased.TheEPAbelievesthiswillbeausefulapproachforStatesthathavetheabilitytorecognizeapprovedalternativesundertheexistingStateregulationsonwhichdelegationrests.Second,tominimizeadministrativedelays,EPAisproposingtowaivetheneedforformaldelegationoftheCARwheretheStateisalreadydelegatedauthoritytoimplementtheunderlyingNSPSorNESHAPsubparts.Bothoftheseproposedactionsarediscussedinmoredetailbelow.&   ` A.ApprovaloftheCARasanAlternativeComplianceApproach ` 'TheNSPSandNESHAPbeingconsolidatedintodaysproposal,andthestatutoryauthoritiesfromwhichthoserulesstem,providefortheapprovalofalternativemeansofemissionlimitationsandforappropriatealternativetestingormonitoringmethodsasapprovedbytheAdministrator.Tofacilitateandexpediteimplementation,EPAisproposingtoapprovetheCARasacomprehensivealternativesetofcompliancerequirementstotheNSPSandNESHAPwhichitconsolidates,specifically40CFRpart60subpartsA,Ka, -`'* Kb,VV,DDD,III,NNNandRRR;part61subpartsA,V,Y,andBB;andpart63subpartsA,F,G,andH.ThispreapprovedalternativewouldbeavailableforallsourcestowhichtheCARapplies. ` TheintentofthisapprovalistoallowStatesandsourcesimmediateuseoftheCAR,byprovidingamechanismthroughwhichStatescanimplementandenforcetheCARpriortoundertakingadditionalStaterulemaking.BydesignatingtheCARasanapprovedalternativecomplianceapproachundertheexistingNSPSandNESHAP,EPAseekstoprovideadoorwaywithintheexistingStatecodeanddelegatedauthoritiesthroughwhichtheCARcanbeaccessed,utilized,andenforced.ThisapproachmayeliminateorminimizetheneedforStaterulerevisionsanddelegationupdates. ` TheAdministratorisproposingapprovaloftheCARasanalternativemeansofcompliancewiththeindividualsubpartslistedabove. ` TheCARstreamlinesandrevisesmuchoftheexistingmonitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingproceduresoftheunderlyingNSPSandNESHAPstandards,withoutchangingthebasiccontrolrequirementsormonitoringmethods.Todaysproposalisintendedtosimplifyimplementationofthe -`'* standards,toreduceEPA,state,andindustryburdenincomplyingwiththerules,andtofacilitatecompliancemonitoring,whilehavingnoadverseeffectontheaccuracy,quality,andtimelinessofthecompliancemonitoringdata.EPAisproposingthatalloftheprovisionsoftheCARserveinwholeasanalternativecomplianceapproachforthesubpartswhichitconsolidates.Tosimplifyimplementation,theCARcanbeuseddirectlyasanalternativecomplianceapproach,withoutpriorapplicationorrequesttoEPA.TheCARsimplyrequiresnotificationthatthealternativeapproachwouldbeimplemented. ` TheEPAexpectsthatcomprehensiveapprovaloftheCARasanalternativecomplianceapproachfortheexistingNSPSandNESHAPwhichitconsolidateswillfacilitateandexpediteimplementationbystatesandlocalagencies.EPAistodayproposingtorevisetheunderlyingNSPSandNESHAPregulationssuchthattheCARwouldberecognizedasanalternativeapproachtotheexistingNSPSandNESHAPprovisionsforsourcesoptingintotheCAR.However,EPAisawarethattheunrevisedNSPSandNESHAPregulationswill,atleastforaninterim,remaintheenforceableprovisionsinmanystates,absentstaterulemakingtoincorporatethe -`'* CAR.TheNSPSandNESHAPastheyarecurrentlyadoptedbythestatealsoremainfederallyenforceableinthosestateswheretheyformthebasisofdelegationbyEPAtothestate.TodaysproposedactiontoapprovetheCARasanalternativecomplianceapproachclarifiesEPAsintentthatcompliancewiththeCARshouldservetofulfillasourcesobligationstocomplywithapplicableNSPSandNESHAPconsolidatedtherein,evenincaseswheretheunrevisedNSPSandNESHAPstillresideinthestateorlocalcode.StatesmayrelyonthisapprovalundertheexistingNSPSandNESHAPtoallowsourcesexpediteduseoftheCAR,andmayenforcetheCARasanapprovedalternativecomplianceapproachfortheexistingNSPSandNESHAPinaccordancewiththecurrentdelegationofauthoritytothestate. ` TheEPAisprovidingnoticeandopportunityforcommentonthisproposedactiontoapprovetheCARasanalternativecomplianceapproachto40CFRpart60subpartsA,Ka,Kb,VV,DDD,III,NNNandRRR,part61subpartsA,V,Y,andBB,andpart63subpartsA,F,G,andH.CommentsarerequestedwithregardtoboththevalidityofthisapprovalandtotheusefulnessofthismechanismforexpeditingimplementationoftheCAR. -`'* &   ` B.PolicyonDelegationoftheCAR ` To'ht'daysproposedrulewasdevelopedbasedonconsolidatingtheexistingrequirementsofParts60,61,and63thatapplytoSOCMI,withoutchangingtheapplicabilityorreducingthestringencyoftheexistingregulations.Forthisreason,EPAbelievesthat,whereaStatehasbeendelegatedauthoritytoadministeralloftheapplicablerulesunderParts60,61,and63,nofurtherdelegationofauthorityisnecessaryinorderforsuchStatetoadministertheCAR.TheEPAthereforeproposestoallowaStatetoadministertheCARwithoutfurtheractionbyEPAifsuchStatehasbeendelegatedtheauthoritytoadministereachoftheapplicablereferencingsubparts. ` However,StatesthatlackdelegatedauthoritytoadministeranyofthereferencingsubpartsthatapplyatasourcethatseekstoimplementtheCARmustobtainsuchdelegationpriortoallowingthatsourcetocomplywiththeCAR. ` TheEPArequestscommentonthisproposeddelegationpolicy.VIII.IncorporatingCARRequirementsintotheTitleV +%( Permit -`'*  ` TitleVoftheActandEPAsoperatingpermitsregulationsat40CFRpart70requireall"applicablerequirements"(standardsorrequirementsundertheAct,asdefinedat40CFRpart70.2)tobeincludedintheoperatingpermitforanysourcethatisrequiredtohaveanoperatingpermit.Sinceapermitcancontainonlytheapplicablerequirementsineffectatthetimeitwasissued,orlastrevised,anynewly-promulgatedrequirements(suchasthoseintheCAR)wouldnotbeinthepermituntilthepermitisrevisedtoincludethem.RevisingthepermitisalsonecessaryifasourceadoptssubstituterequirementsundertheCAR,sincewithoutapermitrevision,thesourcewouldbeinnon-compliancewiththeprovisionsofitsoperatingpermit.Consequently,onceasourceadoptstheCAR,totheextentthattheexistingpermittermswillbereplacedormodifiedbyprovisionsoftheCAR,thepermitmustberevisedtodeletethosepermittermsandaddtheapplicableCARprovisions.ThissectiondiscussestheprocessesbywhichpermitswouldberevisedtoincorporateprovisionsoftheCAR. ` Under40CFRpart70.7,operatingpermitsmayberevisedthroughoneofthreemechanisms:administrative -`'* amendments,minorpermitmodifications,orsignificantpermitmodifications.Theadministrativeamendmentprocessisfor:(1)changesthataretrivialoradministrative,suchastypographicalerrors,orchangeofownership;(2)changesthatprovidemorefrequentmonitoringorreporting;(3)incorporatingtermsofpreconstructionpermitsthatmeetthecompliancerequirementsofsection70.6andthatwereissuedunderaprocessthathasbeen"enhanced"toprovideEPAandpublicreview;or(4)otherchangessimilartothesethathavebeenapprovedbyEPAinaStatepart70program.AnychangeresultingfromCARrequirementswilladdtheCARasanapplicablerequirementtothesourcespermit,andtherefore,isnotlikelytobeatrivialoradministrativechange.Inaddition,theCARwillusuallyrequirelessratherthanmorefrequentmonitoringorreporting.Consequently,CARrequirementsdonotappeartobeeligibleasadministrativeamendments. ` TodetermineifincorporationofCARrequirementsqualifiesasaminorpermitrevision,thetypeofchangethatmightarisefromtheCARmustbeevaluatedagainsttherelevantcriteriaof70.7(e)(2)(i)(A)(1)through(6).If -`'* thechangedoesnotmeetanyofthesecriteria(thecriteriaarewritteninthenegative),thechangemaybemadeusingtheminorpermitrevisionprocess;otherwise,itmustusethesignificantpermitrevisionprocedures.Tosummarizetheminorpermitrevisioncriteria,aminorpermitrevisionisnotallowedifthechange:(1)violatesanapplicable `  requirement;(2)significantlychangesexistingmonitoring,reporting,orrecordkeeping;(3)establishesorchangescase-by-caseemissionslimitations;(4)establishesapotential-to-emitlimitation;(5)isatitleImodification;or(6)isrequiredbythepermittingauthoritytobeasignificantpermitmodification.Criterion(2)isclearlytheonecriteriathatmightbetriggeredbyincorporationofCARrequirements,sinceCARrequirementscouldchangeexistingmonitoring,reporting,orrecordkeepingrequirementsinthepermit.Todetermineifcriterion(2)doesapply,itisnecessarytodetermineifincorporationofCARrequirementswillresultinasignificantchangetomonitoring,reportingorrecordkeepingrequirements. ` Intermsoftheirsignificancetomonitoring,recordkeepingorreportingrequirements,changesfromtheCARcanbesortedintotwobroadcategories,dependingon -`'* theamountofdiscretionasourcehasindeterminingthenewrequirement.Thefirstcategorycompriseschangesoverwhichthesourcehaslittlediscretionindeterminingthemonitoring,recordkeepingorreportingrequirements.Inmostcases,themonitoring,recordkeepingandreportingrequirementsareestablishedbytheCAR,andoncethesourcehasdecidedtobecoveredbytheCAR,ithasnoabilitytochangetherequirements.Forexample,65.47(e)requiresownersoroperatorsofstoragevesselsusingfloatingorexternalroofstorecordwhentheroofwassetonitslegsandwhenitwasrefloated.Thisisanewrecordnotpreviouslyrequiredunderanyreferencingstoragevesselrule.Asanotherexample,65.44(c)(9)(ii)allowsuptotwo30-dayextensions(afteraninitial45days)toemptyandremoveastoragevesselfromserviceafterthesourcefindsthatitisunsafetoperformgapsealmeasurements.UndersubpartKbof40CFRpart60andsubpartYof40CFRpart61,thesourcewasallowedone30dayextension,whichrequiredpriorapproval[60.113b(b)(4)(iii)and61.272(b)(4)(iii)];extensionswerenotaddressedundersubpartKaof40CFRpart60.UndertheCAR(asintheHON),boththefirstandsecond30-dayextensionsare -`'* availabletothesourcewithoutrequestingpriorapprovalbyEPA;althoughdocumentationforwhyanextensionisnecessarymustbemaintained.Otherexamplesinclude65.48(c)(2)(ii),whichrequiresreportingofstoragevesselsealgapmeasurementresults,ratherthanallrawsealgapmeasurementdataasrequiredinsubpartKbof40CFRpart60,subpartYof40CFRpart61,andsubpartGof40CFRpart63[60.115b(b)(2),61.276(d)(1),and63.122(e)(1)];or65.161(a)(3),whichrequireskeepingrecordsofthelatest3hoursofcontinuous(15-minute)monitoringdata,ratherthankeepingrecordsofallcontinuousmonitoringdata,asundertheHON,see63.152(f)(2). ` TheexamplesgivensofarillustratechangesinwhichthesourceisadoptingtheCARrequirementsinlieuofpreviousrequirements,withoutchangingoraddingtotheCARrequirements.OtherrequirementsundertheCAR,stillwithinthefirstcategory,mayrequireasourcetodeterminemonitoringrequirements.Forexample,under65.148(c)(1),afacilityusinganincineratortomeetthe98percentreductionrequirementof65.63(a)(2)ofsubpartDforprocessvents,isrequiredtomonitortemperaturewithina -`'* rangeoftemperaturedeterminedbythesource.Thesourcemayestablish,aspartofitstitleVapplication,theparameterrangethatitwilluse,basedonaperformancetest,oritmayrelyonpriorperformancetestsoruseanexistingrangeoranestablishedlimitinareferencedsubpart.InEPAsview,achangeinaparameterrangebasedonarelevantEPA-approvedperformancetestisnotasignificantchange,sincetherangeisdeterminedbytheresultsofthetestandcannotbesetarbitrarily.Inaddition,theparametertobemonitoredissetbytheCAR,andisthereforeoutsidethesourcesdiscretion. ` Thus,EPAdoesnotconsiderthisfirstcategoryofchangestobe"significantchanges"withinthemeaningofcriterion(2)forminorpermitrevisions.TheEPAinterpretsthecriterionasrequiringthesignificantpermitrevisionprocesswhenasignificantmonitoringchangeismadeinthepermitrevisionprocess,andespeciallywhenthechangesaresource-specificmonitoringchangesinvolvingsignificantjudgment.ThetypesofchangestomonitoringrequirementsthatEPAconsiderssignificantwithinthemeaningofcriterion(2)includeestablishingequivalentSIPmonitoringrequirements,streamliningofredundant -`'* monitoringrequirements,orsignificantchangestosource-specificmonitoring.ThefirstcategoryofCARrequirementsshouldnothavethesecharacteristics,sincetheamountofjudgmentinvolvedinestablishingsource-specificrequirementssuchasparameterlevelsisnotsignificant.Thereisalsonorequirementtodemonstratethattheserequirementsareequivalenttoexistingrequirements,aswouldbethecasewhenestablishingequivalentSIPrequirementsorstreamlining. ` Thesecondcategoryofchangesinvolvessignificantdiscretiononthepartofthesourceindeterminingmonitoring,recordkeepingorreportingrequirements.Forexample,under65.63(d)ofsubpartD,whichappliestoagroup2Aprocessventwithoutarecoverydevice,asourceisallowedtoestablishtheparametersthatitwillmonitor,andtheparameterranges,inordertomaintainaTREindexvaluegreaterthan1.0.Anotherexampleisunder65.162(e)ofsubpartG,whichappliestosourceswhoaredirectedunder65.154(c)(2)or65.155(c)(1)tosetuniquemonitoringparameters,orwhorequestunder 65.156(e)approvaltomonitoradifferentparameterthan +%( thoselistedinrelevantmonitoringrequirementsofsubpartGoftheCAR.  ` Ifthissecondtypeofchangewereestablishedforthefirsttimethroughthepermitrevisionprocess,EPAwouldconsiderittobeasignificantchangeinmonitoringunderthemeaningofcriterion(2)of70.7(e)(2)(i)(A),sincethesourcehassignificantdiscretioninestablishingnotonlytheparametertobemonitored,butthemethodsthatareusedinmakingthatjudgment.Establishingthesekindsofmonitoringrequirementsinthepermitissimilartopermitstreamlining,equivalentSIPrequirements,andotherchangesthatinvolvesignificantjudgmentdiscussedabove.InWhitePaper#2,EPAindicatedthatstreamliningcouldbeaccomplishedaspartoftheinitialpermitapplicationorasasignificantpermitrevision,bothofwhichprovideforEPAreviewofstreamlinedrequirements.Thecurrentpart70requiresthatequivalentSIPlimitsestablishedinthepermitmustfollowinitialissuance,renewal,orsignificantpermitrevisionprocedures[See70.6(a)(1)(iii)]. ` If,however,EPAhasapproveduniqueordifferentmonitoringrequirementspriortothepermitrevisiontakingplace,asmaybethecaseundertheCAR,EPAwouldconsider -`'* thesignificantpermitrevisionproceduretobeunnecessary.Forexample,ifEPAhasapprovedarequesttousealternativemonitoringorrecordkeepingproceduresunder65.7(b)and(c)ofsubpartAor65.162(d)ofsubpartGprocedures,thesourcehasnodiscretionbuttocomplywiththosealternativerequirementsoncetheAgencyhasgrantedapproval.Consequently,theabsenceof%  discretionjustifiestheminorpermitrevisionprocess,ratherthanthesignificantpermitrevisionprocedures. ` Notethatundertheproposedchangestopart70(60FR45529,August31,1995),incorporationofnewrequirementssuchastheCARmaybeallowedundertheproposed"notice-only"provisions,inwhichEPAandpublicreviewisnotrequired,ifthepermitisincorporatingpreviously-adoptedrequirementsandifsource-specificrequirementsarenotbeingestablishedthroughthepermit.IncorporationeitherofprovisionsadoptedintheCARrule,orofsource-specificrequirementsproposedbythesourceandapprovedbyEPAafterpromulgationoftodaysrule(providedthepermitprocesswasnotthevehicleforEPAapproval)wouldlikelybeeligiblefornotice-onlyproceduresundertheconceptoutlinedinthe1995proposal. -`'* IfEPAadoptsthenotice-onlyprocedures,theprocedureswouldbeavailableoncetheStateinwhichthesourceislocatedhadincorporatedtherevisedprocedureintoitspermitprogram.Untilthen,thecurrentpart70permitproceduresapplyasoutlinedabove.&  IX.ExtensionoftheConsolidationtoIncludetheState `  ImplementationPlan @   ` TheEPArecognizesthatStateshavedevelopedand'YincorporatedintotheStateImplementationPlan(SIP)rulesandrequirementsthataffectmanyofthesameemissionunitsalsosubjecttothereferencingsubpartsbeingconsolidatedintoday'sproposal.Thoseregulationstypicallyincludereasonablyavailablecontroltechnology(RACT)andotherrequirementsdesignedforattainmentandmaintenanceofnationalambientairqualitystandards(NAAQS).Hence,evenuponfinalpromulgationoftheCAR,inmanyareasSOCMIsourcesimplementingtheCARstillcouldremainsubjecttotwoseparatesetsofrequirementstheCARandStateandfederallyenforceableRACTrequirements.Reductionofcomplianceburdensthroughconsolidationofregulatory requirementscouldbegreatlyenhancedbyexpandingthe +%( benefitsoftoday'sproposaltoaddressfederallyenforceableSIPrequirementsthatapplytoSOCMIsources.  ` InanefforttofacilitateburdenreductionforsourcessubjecttostatespecificSIPrequirements,EPAisproposingthreeactions.First,EPAisproposingtopreapprovetheCARasmeetingtheRACTrequirementoftheAct.Thus,withrespecttoSIPsthatexpresslyallowfortheapprovalofalternativestoexistingRACTrequirementsbytheStateandEPA,additionalEPAactionwillnotbeneededpriortoimplementationoftheCARbyaspecificsource.ThesourcewillstillneedStateapprovaloftheCARforthatsourcepriortoimplementation.Thispreapproval,discussedfurtherbelow,wouldexpeditetheconsolidationoftheRACTrequirementwithotherapplicablerequirementsthroughimplementationoftheCARsincenoadditionalEPAactionwouldbenecessarypriortoimplementationoftheCAR.Second,basedonEPAsproposaltopreapprovetheCARasmeetingRACT,EPAisproposingastreamlinedprocessforreviewandapprovalofSIPsubmittalsthatincorporatetheCARrequirements.ThisactionwillexpeditetheprocessforincorporatingintotheSIPtheCARforpurposesofcomplyingwithRACTrequirements,particularlyinstateswheretheSIP -`'* doesnotalreadyallowfortheuseofapprovedalternatives.Finally,EPAisrecognizingtheuseofthetitleVpermittingprocessasamechanismthroughwhichthestreamliningofoverlappingrequirementsstemmingfromtheSIP,NSPS,andNESHAPprogramscanbeaccomplished.Below,eachofthesemechanismsforexpandingthebenefitsoftheCARrulemakingtoencompassSIPrequirementsisdiscussed.First,however,adescriptionofRACTandEPAsbasisforpreapprovingtheCARasRACTisprovided.&   ` A. PreApprovaloftheCARasMeetingtheCleanAir H ActReasonablyAvailableControlTechnologyRequirement'HdԀ ` ForpurposesofdefiningRACT,EPAhashistoricallyissuedcontroltechniquesguidelines(CTGs).TheseCTGsarenotregulatoryinnature,butratherestablishapresumptivenormforRACT.Inotherwords,theCTGs,whichareissuedafteranopportunityforpublicinput,establishoneormoremethodsofcontroloremissionreductionlevelsthatEPAdeemsasRACTlevelcontrolforcertainoperations.IndevelopingtheCTGs,EPAprovidesthescientificandtechnicaldocumentationtosupportthesecontrolsasaRACTlevelofcontrol.IndevelopingRACTrulestobeincorporatedintoafederallyapprovedSIP,aStatecan -`'* adoptthemethodsofcontrolspecifiedintheCTGorestablishothermethodsofcontrol.TotheextenttheStatereliesonthecontrolmethodsspecifiedintheCTG,EPAwillnotundertakefurtheranalysisindeterminingthattheStatehasestablishedRACTlevelofcontrolforthosesources.However,ifaStateelectstorequireothertypesofcontrol,theStatemustprovidetherelevantscientificandtechnicalinformationtodemonstratethattheselectedcontrolsmeettheunderlyingstatutoryRACTrequirement. ` Currently,EPAhasissuedsixCTGs,shownintable4,applicabletoemissionpointsatsourcescoveredbytheCAR.Pursuanttosection182(b)(2)(B)oftheAct,Stateswere   requiredtosubmitRACTrulesbyNovember15,1992foremissionsourceswhoseCTGswereissuedpriortothe1990CleanAirActAmendments.Therefore,RACTrulesforpetroleumliquidsinfixedroofandexternalfloatingrooftanks;manufactureofhighdensitypolyethylene,polypropylene,andpolystyreneresins;SOCMIandpolymermanufacturingequipmentleaks;andSOCMIairoxidationprocesseswereduebyNovember15,1992.ForemissionsourcescoveredbyCTGsissuedafterthe1990Amendments,theEPAwasrequiredtoestablishasubmittaldate,pursuanttosection182(b)(2)(A)oftheAct.TheRACTrulesforSOCMIdistillationandreactorprocesseswererequiredtobesubmittedbyMarch23,1995,asstatedintheFederalRegisternotice(59FR13717,March23,1994) ` announcingthesubmittalduedate.  "  P"*xd ddd d z(#(#x, dd +  2! h #/2TABLE4.CONTROLTECHNIQUESGUIDELINES H>,T" d/ #  c/HControlofVolatileOrganicEmissionsfromStorageofPetroleumLiquidsinFixedRoofTanks,EPA450/277036,December19770 ` I?- ` "` " c/   c/IControlofVolatileOrganicEmissionsfromPetroleumLiquidStorageinExternalFloatingRoofTanks,EPA450/278047,December1978 ?5#`  c/   c/?ControlofVolatileOrganicCompoundemissionsfromManufactureofHighDensityPolyethylene,Polypropylene,andPolystyreneResins,EPA450/383008,November1983 ?5#Z  c/   c/?ControlofVolatileOrganicCompoundLeaksfromSyntheticOrganicChemicalandPolymerManufacturingEquipment,EPA-450/383006,March1984 ?5# c/   c/ ?ControlofVolatileOrganicCompoundEmissionsfromAirOxidationProcessesinSyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturingIndustry,EPA450/384015,December1984 B1#f c/    {cBControlofVolatileOrganicCompoundEmissionsfromReactorProcessesandDistillationOperationsProcessesintheSyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturingIndustry,EPA-450/4-91031,August19933)'!@ c0 {   3 ` AfterStateadoption,controlmeasuresaresubmittedtoEPAforapprovalintothefederallyenforceableSIP.Hence,onceaStateenforceablemeasureisapprovedintotheSIP,itbecomesenforceableasafederalrequirement. ` InordertoestablishthatprovisionsintheCARareatleastasstringentasRACT,itisnecessarytounderstand .'& thebasisforRACTandthestandardsthatconstitutetheCAR.ThegeneralrequirementforRACTinnonattainmentareasisfoundinsection172(c)(1)oftheAct.Section182(a)(2)(A)and(b)(2)providemorespecificrequirementsforstationarysourcesthatemitvolatileorganiccompound(VOC).TheEPAhasdefinedRACTas"...thelowestemissionlimitationthataparticularsourceiscapableofmeetingbytheapplicationofcontroltechnologythatisreasonablyavailableconsideringtechnologicalandeconomicfeasibility"(44FR53761,September17,1979).Thesearecontroltechniquesthatarewidelyusedthatcanbereadilyappliedtoexistingsourceswithoutunreasonableburden. ` The"reasonably"availablecontroltechnologyreflectedinSIPlevelscanbecontrastedwiththegenerallymorestringentbasesforthenewsourceperformancestandards(NSPS)andnationalemissionstandardsforhazardousairpollutants(NESHAP)whichcomprisetheCAR.TheNSPS,whichapplytonewlyconstructedstationarysourcesthatemitcriteriapollutants,arebasedon"...thedegreeofemissionlimitationachievablethroughtheapplicationofthebestsystemofemissionreductionwhich(takinginto -`'* accountthecostofachievingsuchreductionandanynonairqualityhealthandenvironmentalimpactandenergyrequirements)theAdministratordetermineshasbeenadequatelydemonstrated,"(CAAsection111(a)(1))orbestdemonstratedtechnology(BDT).Thispresumably(butnotnecessarily)higherlevelofcontrolthanRACT(whichgenerallyisdevelopedforexistingsources)canbejustifiedfornew,modified,orreconstructedsources,becausesuchcontrolscanbeincorporatedintothedesignofthesourcepriortoconstruction,modification,orreconstruction,makingitmoretechnicallyandeconomicallyfeasiblethanforexistingsourcesthatcanhaveprohibitivedesignconstraintsorcosts. ` Priortothe1990Amendments,forNESHAP,theActrequiredtheAdministratorto"...establishanysuchstandardatthelevelwhichinhisjudgmentprovidesanamplemarginofsafetytoprotectthepublichealthfromsuchhazardousairpollutant."42U.S.C.7412(b)(1)(B).AlthoughEPApolicyhasevolvedovertheyearsregardingtheinterpretationofthiswording,itwasgenerallyaccepted thatthebasisforthestandardsestablishedwouldreflect +%( atleastthebasisanalogoustothatestablishedforNSPS,i.e."bestcontrols"consideringtheimpacts.  ` TheAct,asamendedin1990,providesthatNESHAPmust"...requirethemaximumdegreeofreductioninemissions...thattheAdministrator,takingintoconsiderationthecostofachievingsuchemissionreduction,andanynonairqualityhealthandenvironmentalimpactsandenergyrequirements,determinesisachievable...",ormaximumachievablecontroltechnology(MACT),forshort.TheAct112(d)(2).ThisbasisisverysimilartothatforNSPS,asisevidencedbythestatutorywording,andagaingenerallyreflectscontrolatleastasstringentas,ifnotmorethan,RACT. ` ThestatutorylanguageforsettingNSPSandNESHAPclearlymandateabasisforthosestandardsnolessstringent,andconceivablymorestringent,thanthatforRACT.AnexaminationoftheCTGsthatapplytoSOCMIrevealthattheNSPSandNESHAPthatformthebasisfortodaysproposedCARareallatleastasstringentasthecorrespondingRACTrequirementscontainedintheCTGs,especiallysincemostoftheCARisbasedontheHON,whichistheNESHAPapplicabletotheSOCMI. -`'*  ` Inadditiontotheappropriatestringencyqualifications,theCARwillbeestablishedthroughregulation,thusitisappropriatetoaugmenttheCTG's,whichwereissuedafterpublicnoticeandcomment,withtheCAR.Therefore,sinceEPAbelievesthattheCARisatleastasstringentastheRACTestablishedintheCTGandsincethisactionfulfillstheproceduralrequirementsforestablishingRACT,EPAisproposingtopreapprovetheCARasRACT. ` B.EPAApprovaloftheCARasanAlternativeComplianceMeasurefortheStateImplementationPlan ` TheEPAisawarethatsomeStateSIPsprovidefortheuseofalternativeemissionlimitations,controltechnologies,ormonitoringmethodsforpurposesofcomplyingwiththeapplicableSIPrequirement.UseofsuchalternativesgenerallyrequiresthepriorapprovalofbothEPAandtheStatetoensurethatthealternativeisequivalenttothemethodcurrentlyapprovedintotheSIP.TheEPAisproposing,basedonitspreapprovaloftheCARasmeetingRACT,thatwhereaSIPallowssourcestoadoptalternativemeansofcontrolafterapprovalbytheStateandEPA,noadditionalEPAapprovalwillberequiredpriorto -`'* thesourceimplementingtheCAR.Inotherwords,EPAisproposingthatadeterminationinthefinalCARrulethattheCARisRACTfortherelevantsources,willfulfilltheEPAapprovalrequirementinSIPsforadoptionofalternativemeansofcomplyingwithaSIPapprovedRACTrequirement.   1      ׀   Therefore,ifinaccordancewithanalternativemeasuresprovisioninanapprovedSIPasourceappliedtoaState,seekingtoimplementtheCARratherthanthecurrentSIPapprovedRACTmeasures,theStatecouldapprovetheuseoftheCARasanalternativemeansofcomplianceandfurtherEPAapprovalwouldnotbenecessaryforthesourcetoimplementtheCAR.InthesecaseswheretheSIPexpresslyprovidesfortheapprovalofalternativemeasuresτthispreapprovalshouldprovideanexpeditedmechanismforusingtheCARtoconsolidateSIPandFederalemissionstandards. ` However,throughthisproposedaction,EPAisnotandcannotreviseanyspecificSIPtoincludetheCAR.Wherea H&" SIPallowsapprovalofalternativemeansofcompliance,thesourcemuststillreceiveStateapproval,consistentwiththetermsintheSIP,inordertousetheCARasanalternativemeansofcompliance.IndependentStateapprovalisnecessarybecausetheStatehasretainedtheauthoritytodeterminewhetheralternativemeansofcontrolmeettheStateadoptedRACTrequirements.Stateshavetheauthorityundersection116oftheCleanAirActtoestablishcontrolsthatexceedRACT.Therefore,althoughEPAisproposingthattheCARisatleastequivalenttothepresumptiveRACTrequirementintheexistingCTGs,theStatemusthavetheopportunitytodeterminewhethertheCARisanappropriatealternativetothemeasuresthatwereadoptedbytheStateandapprovedintotheSIP.ThisdeterminationiscriticalsinceaStatemayhaveadoptedtightermeansofcontrolforpurposesofattainingtheNAAQSormeetingsomeotherapplicablerequirementoftheCAA(forexample,15percentVOCreductionrequirement). ` ForcasesinwhichtheSIPrequirementsaremorestringentthantheCARasitwouldapplytospecificsources,EPArecognizesthatuseoftheCARasanalternativetotheSIPmayjeopardizeachievementor -`'* maintenanceoftheNAAQS.Inthosecases,EPAexpectsthattheStatewoulddisapproveuseoftheCARasanalternativemeansofcompliancewiththeSIP. ` IndeterminingwhethertheCARcanbeusedasanalternativetotheSIP,theStatemustconsiderwhethertheCARrequirescontroltoanequalorhigherdegreethantheemissionlimitationsoftheSIP.BecauseEPA,throughthisrulemaking,isestablishingthecompliancemeasures(monitoring,recordkeeping,andreporting)whichcorrespondtoaparticularcontroloptionassufficienttoassurecompliancewiththepresumptiveRACTemissionlimitation,EPAbelievesthatitwillnotbenecessaryforaStatetocomparetheparticularcompliancemeasuresoftheSIPtotheCARinordertoapprovetheCARasanalternativeiftheStatehasadoptedthepresumptivemeasuresthatwereprovidedintheCTG.Rather,theStatemaychoosetorestrictitsreviewtothesufficiencyofthecontrolmeasuresandemissionlimitationsintheCAR,inordertoprovideforgreateruseoftheburdenreductionsinherentinthecompliancemeasuresoftoday'sproposedCAR. ` TheEPAbelievesthattherewillbefew,ifany,instancesinwhichtheCARwouldservetorelaxapreviously -`'* applicableSIPrequirement.However,sincetheremaybelimitedcaseswherethatcouldoccur,EPAisseekingcommentonwhetheramorerigorousSIPreviewprocessshouldberequiredinthosefewinstances.Therefore,EPAisseekingcommentonwhethertheStateshouldberequiredtosubmitthroughtheformalSIPrevisionprocessanystateapprovaloftheCARwheretheCARprovidesforfeweremissionreductionsthanthepreviouslyapprovedSIP. ` AlthoughasourcemayimplementtheCARuponStateapproval,EPAisalsoproposingthattheStatesubsequentlysubmittheCARforofficialincorporationintotheSIP.TheEPAisproposingthattheStatecouldmakethissubmissionthroughletternotice.   2      ׀Thisprocesswillservetoensure  thattheapplicablecontrolrequirement,i.e.,theCAR,isreflectedintheSIP.Withoutthisprocess,theSIPwouldcontinuetoindicatethatthesourcewassubjecttothepreviouslyapprovedRACTlimit.TheletternoticewillensurethatEPAisinformedabouttheapplicableSIP requirementsforsourcesandwillallowtheAgencyto ((!$ fulfillitsobligationtoprovidethatinformationtothepublic(SeeforexampleTheAct110(h),42USC7410(h)).  ` Since,atthispointtheincorporationoftheCARintotheSIPwillmerelybeatechnicalrevision,EPAbelievesthatletternoticeisanacceptableprocedure.Undertheletternoticeprocedures,theStatesubmitstherevisionbylettertoEPAuponStateapprovaloftheCARforaspecificsourceorgroupofsources.TheEPAwouldnotneedtoundertakealengthynoticeandcommentrulemakingprocesstoincorporatetherevisionintotheSIP.Rather,theregionalofficewouldnotifytheStateandthesourcebyletterthattheSIPwasbeingrevisedtoreflectthesubmission.Periodically,eachEPARegionalofficewouldpublishanoticeintheFederalRegistertonotifythepublicofthe ` SIPrevisionsthathadbeenmade.Furthermore,atthattime,EPAwouldensurethatthefederallyapprovedSIPreflectedtheCARasthealternativemeansofcompliancefortherelevantsource(s). ` TheEPAseekscommentonthevalidityandusefulnessofthisapproachtoextendconsolidationofregulatory requirementstoincludeSIPrequirements. +%(  ` C.ExpeditedStateImplementationPlanApprovalsfor IncorporationoftheCARasaReasonablyAvailableControlTechnologyComplianceOption ` InmanycasestheSIPexplicitlyprovidesanexclusivemeansofcompliancewithRACT.ThisexclusivitywouldprecludetheuseoftheprocessproposedabovesincetheSIPdoesnotallowforanalternativemeansofcompliance.Insuchcases,theStatemayutilizeotheroptionstoaddressoverlappingrequirementsbetweentheSIP,NSPS,andNESHAPprograms.OneapproachwhichtheStatecouldtakewouldbetorevisetheregulationswhichformthebasisoftheSIP,eithertoincludeboilerplateprovisionsforapprovedalternativesortoexplicitlyincorporatetheCARasameansofcomplyingwithRACT.EPAisproposingtheuseofmeasuresdescribedbelowinordertoensurethatthisSIPrevisionprocesswouldworkquicklyandeffectivelysothattheCARmaybeutilizedasquicklyaspossibleasacompliancetool. ` BecauseEPAisproposingtodeterminethroughthisactionthattheCARisatleastequivalenttopresumptiveRACT,EPAbelievesthattherewillbelittleneedforpubliccommentonacasebycasebasisasSIPsarerevisedto -`'* incorporatethefederallyenactedCARasanalternativemeansofcompliance.However,itwillbenecessaryforsomeStatestorevisetheirSIPstoincludetheCARforthispurpose.Therefore,suchStateswouldneedtosubmittheCARtoEPAasaSIPrevision.ForStatesthatsubmittheCAR,asfinalizedinthefederalrules,EPAisproposingtouseletternoticeprocedurestorevisetheSIPtoincorporatetheCAR.(Again,EPAseekscommentonwhetheradifferentprocessshouldbeusedwheretheCARwouldrelaxthepreviouslyapprovedSIPrequirement.)However,ifaStatesubmitsarulethatdiffersfromthatestablishedthroughthefinalfederalrulemakingontheCAR,EPAwouldneedtoundertakenoticeandcommentrulemakingproceduresinordertoprovideanopportunityforpublicparticipation. ` AlthoughEPAbelievesnoticeandcommentrulemakingwouldbeneedediftheStateadoptedrulediffersfromthefederallyenactedCAR,insomeinstances,EPAmightbeabletoutilizetheexisting"directfinal"methodofrulemakinginordertosignificantlyexpeditetherulemakingprocess.Undersuchaprocedure,EPApublishesaproposedandfinalactionsimultaneouslyindicatingthatifnoadversecommentsarereceived,thefinalactionwillbeeffective60days -`'* followingpublication.Ifadversecommentsarereceived,EPAwillwithdrawthefinalaction,addressthecommentsandsubsequentlypublishanewfinalactioninlightofthecommentsreceived.   3      ׀    ` D.& ` StreamliningofOverlappingStateImplementationPlan,NewSourcePerformanceStandards,andNationalEmissionStandardsforHazardousAirPollutantsRequirementsintheTitleVPermittingProcess ` '` 2InadditiontoundertakingrulemakingtorevisetheSIP,orasanoptiontothatapproach,theStatemaywishtotakeadvantageofthetitleVpermittingprocessasamechanismforaddressingoverlappingrequirements.TheprocessbywhichthismaybeaccomplishedisdiscussedindetailinEPAguidanceentitled,"WhitePaperNumber2ForImprovedTitleVImplementation,"issuedonMarch5,1996. ` TheWhitePaperNumber2describeshowasourcemayproposestreamliningtodistillor"streamline"multipleoverlappingrequirementsintoonesetthatwillassurecompliancewithallrequirements.Accordingtotheguidance,multipleemissionslimitsapplyingtoanemission *#& unitmaybestreamlinedintoonelimitifthatlimitisatleastasstringentasthemoststringentlimit.Ifnoonerequirementisclearlymorestringentthantheothers,theapplicantmaysynthesizetheconditionsofalltheapplicablerequirementsintoasinglenewpermittermthatwillassurecompliancewithallrequirements.Thestreamlinedmonitoring,recordkeeping,andreportingrequirementswouldgenerallybethoseassociatedwiththemoststringentemissionslimit,providingtheywouldassurecompliancetothesameextentasanysubsumedmonitoring.Thus,monitoring,recordkeeping,orreportingtodeterminecompliancewithsubsumedlimitswouldnotberequiredwherethesourceimplementsthestreamlinedapproach. ` Itisimportanttoemphasizethatwhilestreamliningmaybeinitiatedbyeithertheapplicantorthepermittingauthority,itcanonlybeimplementedwherethepermitapplicantconsentstoitsuse.& n X.SummaryofBenefitsandOtherImpacts H&" f ` TheCARcontainsanumberofsignificantbenefitsto'nH& allparties;infact,regulatoryimprovementbenefittingallisthemainpurposeoftheCAR,asdescribedearlierinthediscussionongoalsandobjectives.Manyofthesame }-'* benefitsandfeaturesoftheCARhelpallthepartiesequally,whilesomearemorebeneficialtoothers.ThebenefitsandimprovementsoftheCARareindividuallydiscussedindetailinsectionVIofthispreamble.ThemostsignificantbenefitsaffordedbytheCARinclude:fZ0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  requirementsin3differentpartsand16different K  subpartshavebeenbroughttogetherinto1setofrequirementsinasinglepart;  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  structureoftheruleisdesignedwiththe"end    user"inmind;  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  monitoringrequirementsforequipmentleakshave s beengreatlyreducedandsimplified;and  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  datahandlingburdenhasbeengreatlyreduceddue C torequirementstokeeponlythemostrecent3hoursofCPMSmonitoringdata.  (# (# XXXX@f ` Therecordkeepingandreportingburdenassociatedwith k theCARreflectsasubstantialreductioninburdenhoursascomparedtothereferencingsubparts.EPAhasassessedtherecordkeepingandreportingburdenfortheCARandestimatesanetreductioninburdenofabout1700hoursperyearforarepresentativechemicalplantwith3processunitsoptingtousetheCAR.Burdenreductionisafunctionofthesizeandcomplexityofaplantsiteandwillthereforevaryforindividualplantsites.#X@XXX# *;$(  ` Inaddition,itisexpectedthattheCARwillprovideimprovedcomplianceandresourcesavings.Byhavinga 1.', clearer,simpler,smaller,consistentsetofrules,bothindustryandenforcementagencieswillknowbetterwhatisexpected,andcanconcentrateonimplementingandcomplyingwiththerequirementsinsteadoftryingtounderstandprovisionsofseveraldifferentrules.Becausetherulescanbemuchmoreeasilyimplemented,therewillbebettercompliance.Bythesametoken,whentheregulationsaremoreeasilyimplemented,withresultingbettercompliance,therewillbelessenforcementactionandlitigation,savingresourcesofbothenforcementagenciesandindustry.f8&  XI.AdditionalAmendmentstoEquipmentLeakReferencing . Subparts   ` Todaysactionincludessomeadditionalamendmentsto'.v40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartVthatarenotnecessitatedbyproposaloftheCAR.Rather,theseamendmentsarebeingproposedinordertoclarifysomespecificprovisionsandtoincorporatesomeprovisionsforsafetyconsistentwiththeHONequipmentleakprovisionsthathavebeenamendedseveraltimesinrecentyears.Todaysproposedamendmentswouldincorporatethesesameimprovementsinto40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartV.Therationaleforalloftheproposedamendmentsremainsthesameasitwasforamending .F(, theHON.DiscussionoftheseHONamendmentsisfoundinpreamblestotheproposedamendments(59FR48175,September20,1994;60FR18020,April10,1995;61FR31435,June20,1996;and62FR2721,January17,1997).Theproposedamendmentsto40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartVconsistofthefollowingchanges. ` A.Closed-ventSystemsandControlDevices ` Thelanguagein40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartVdefiningCVSwouldbechangedfrom"systems...composedofpiping"to"systems...composedofhard-piping[or]ductwork."Definitionsof"hard-piping"and"ductwork,"takenfromtheHON,wouldbeaddedtoboth40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartVtoaccommodatetheamendeddefinitionofCVS.Definitionsdistinguishingbetweenhardpipingandductworkallowforadistinctiontobemadebetweentheapplicableinspectionrequirements. ` TheinspectionrequirementsforCVShardpipingandductworkhavebeenclarifiedin40CFRpart61,subpartVtobeconsistentwith40CFRpart60,subpartVVandtheHON.Closed-ventsystemductworkmustbeinspectedinitiallyand -`'* annuallythereafterusingTestMethod21;CVShardpipingmustbeinspectedinitiallyusingTestMethod21,andthenvisuallyinspectedannuallythereafter.Priortotheseamendments,therewasnocleardistinctionmadein40CFRpart61,subpartVbetweenductworkandhardpipinginspectionrequirements,andallconveyancesystemshadtobeinspectedannuallyusingMethod21.However,EPArecognizesthatsystemsconstructedofhard-pipingareextremelyunlikelytoleak,andtherefore,annualMethod21inspectionsareunnecessaryforhard-piping.FurtherdiscussionabouttheinspectionrequirementsforCVSductworkversusCVShard-pipingisincludedintheFederal  Registernoticeproposingthisamendmentfor40CFRpart60,  subpartVV(59FR36155,July15,1994)andintheFederal ` RegisternoticeissuingthefinalHON(59FR19447,  @ April22,1994).̀ ` ThedefinitionsofCVSin40CFRpart60,subpartVV h$  and40CFRpart61,subpartVwouldalsobemodifiedforconsistencywiththeHONtoincludesystemsthatareroutedbacktoaprocess.Similarly,provisionsinbothsubpartsthatrequireacontroldeviceforpumps,compressors,orpressurereliefdeviceswouldbeamendedtoallowroutingto -`'* afuelgassystemorroutingbacktoaprocessinlieuofroutingthroughaCVStoacontroldevice. ` B.SamplingConnectionSystems ` TheHONprovisionsonthetreatmentofpurgematerialwouldbeaddedto40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartV.Theaddedprovisionswouldallowthreeadditionalcontroloptionsforpurgematerials.Theseoptionsinclude:(1)sendingpurgematerialtoahazardouswastetreatment,storage,anddisposalfacility(TSDF),ifitcontainshazardouswaste;(2)sendingpurgematerialtoafacilitypermittedbyaStatetohandlemunicipalorindustrialsolidwaste,ifitisnothazardouswaste;or(3)sendingthepurgematerialtoawastemanagementunitthatiscomplyingwiththegroup1wastewaterprovisionsof40CFRpart63,subpartG. ` WhenEPAamendedtheHONwiththesethreeadditionalcontroloptions,theoptiontosendpurgematerialtoawastemanagementunitthatiscomplyingwiththeHONGroup1wastewaterprovisionsincludedanexemptionforstreamsthatdonotcontainanyorganicHAPlistedontable9of40CFRpart63,subpartG.Thisexemptionisnotincludedintheproposedamendmentsfor40CFRpart60,subpartVVor -`'* 40CFRpart61,subpartV.ThesetwosubpartsaddressVOC,andbenzeneandvinylchloride,respectively. ` Table9wascreatedtohelpdefineorganicHAPofregulatoryconcernfortheHONwastewaterprovisions.ItthereforedoesnotserveasanappropriatebasisforexemptionfromVOCcontrolsunder40CFRpart60,subpartVV.ManyregulatedVOCarenotHAP,andtheyhaveneverbeenassessedforinclusionintable9.Nosatisfactorysubstitutefortable9existsforVOC.Moreover,table9isnotanappropriatebasisforexemptionunder40CFRpart61,subpartVbecausesubpartVappliestostreamscontainingbenzeneorvinylchloride,andtable9listsbothofthesecompounds. ` TheEPAisnotincludingtheexemptionbecausethecircumstancesassociatedwithpurgematerialinwastewaterstreamsarenotthesameinthesecasesaswerepresentwiththeHONamendment.Formorediscussiononhowtable9wasdevelopedseetheHazardousAirPollutantEmissionsfromProcessUnitsintheSyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturingIndustryBackgroundInformationforFinalStandards,Volume2B:CommentsonWastewater(EPA-453/R-94-003b)section3.2Thecontroloptionsallowed -`'* intheproposedamendmentmeettheintentofthesamplingconnectionsystemprovisions,whichistoensurethatpurgedmaterialiscapturedandeitherreturnedtoaprocessordestroyed,andoffersadditionalcomplianceflexibility. ` TheHONdefinitionof"samplingconnectionsystems"wouldalsobeaddedto40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartV.Priortothisproposedamendment,neithersubpartincludedadefinitionofthisterm.Theadditionwouldbemadeforclarityandwouldnoteffecttherequirementsineithersubpart. ` C.StandardsforControlDevicesandRecoverySystems ` Provisionsforrecoverydevicesandenclosedcombustiondevicesin40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartVwouldbeamendedtoallowanexitconcentrationof20partspermillionbyvolume(ppmv)asanalternativetothe95percentcontrolefficiencyrequirement.The20ppmvalternativestandardwasaddedtotheHONprovisions(61FR43698,August26,1996).Theuseofthisoptionisprovidedforcaseswheretherewouldbelargeamountsofdilutionair,suchasenclosedventedprocesses.TheEPAconsidersthe20ppmvalternativestandardstobeareasonabledesignconcentrationforcircumstancescoveredby -`'* thesetwosubparts.Forlowconcentrationstreams,itisdifficulttoobtainthe95percentremovalthatisrequired.A20ppmvoutletconcentrationisobtainableforthesestreams.Inaddition,EPAreiteratesthatthisproposedalternativestandardwillbeallowedonlyinthecaseswherecircumventionbydilutioncanreasonablybedetected. ` D.SafetyConsiderations ` SeveralamendmentsmadetotheHONequipmentleakprovisionsforsafetyreasons(60FR18073,April10,1995)arebeingproposedfor40CFRpart60,subpartVVand40CFRpart61,subpartV.Theseamendmentsarebeingproposedforsafetyreasonsandforconsistencyamongequipmentleakrules;theywouldexemptequipmentfromparticularrequirements(forexample,inspections)iftherequiredactivitymayposeasafetyhazard.Useoftheseproposedexemptionswillbestrictlylimitedtoequipmentforwhicharealneedcouldbereasonablyargued. ` Pumpswouldbeexemptfrommonthlymonitoringandweeklyvisualinspectionrequirementsifsuchmonitoringorinspectionisunsafe.Theowneroroperatormustmaintainawrittenplanformonitoringandinspectingthesepumpsasfrequentlyaspossibleundersafeconditions.The -`'* associatedrecordkeepingrequirementsforinspectionandmonitoringwouldbeamendedaccordingly. ` Pressurereliefdevicesequippedwitharupturediscupstreamofthepressurereliefdevicewouldbeexemptfromtherequirementtooperatewithnodetectableemissions.Ownersandoperatorswouldhavetoreplacetheserupturediscsassoonasispracticalandnolaterthan5daysaftereachpressurerelease. ` Open-endedvalvesandlineswouldbeexemptfromtherequirementtobeclosedorsealediftheyarepartofanemergencyshutdownsystem,oriftheopen-endedvalveorlinecontainsmaterialthatwouldautocatalyticallypolymerizeorcauseasafetyhazardifcappedorsealed. ` Anypartsofaclosed-ventsystemthataredesignatedbytheowneroroperatorasunsafetoinspectwouldbeexemptfromrequirementsforinitialandannualinspectionandmonitoring.Theowneroroperatorwouldhavetomaintainrecordsofequipmentsodesignatedandawrittenplanforinspectingthisequipmentasoftenaspossibleundersafeconditions. ` PartsofaCVSthatcannotbeinspectedwithoutelevatingtheinspectormorethan2metersaboveasupport -`'* surfacecouldbedesignateddifficulttoinspectandtherebyexemptfrominspectionandmonitoringrequirements.Equipmentdesignateddifficulttoinspectmustbepartofamodifiedorreconstructedprocessunitortheowneroroperatormustdesignatenomorethan3percentoftheCVSequipmentdifficulttoinspect.Additionally,theowneroroperatormustmaintainawrittenplanforinspectingtheequipmentatleastevery5years.&  XII.SolicitationofSpecificComments h  ` 'hTheAdministratorsolicitscommentsonallaspectsofthisproposal.CommentsonspecifictechnicalfeaturesoftherulearesolicitedinsectionVIofthispreambleaseachtopicisdiscussed.Thesetechnicalfeaturesinclude:0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  theintroductionofhalogenscrubbersforNSPS ` processvents;  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  ThevalidityandusefulnessoftheCARs !0 implementationmechanism;  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  TheEPAsproposedpolicyfordelegationto h$  States;and  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  TheCARsprovisionsrequiringcorrectionto 8' # 3percentoxygenforallcombustiondeviceconcentrationmeasurements.  (# (#  ` TheAdministratorspecificallyrequestscommentsontheusefulnessofincorporatingtwofeaturesintotherule.First,shouldtablescitingtheprovisionsofthe .P(+ referencingsubpartsthatstillapplytoownersandoperatorscomplyingwiththeCARbeaddedtotheCAR?Andsecond,shouldasubgroupingprogramsimilartothatestablishedforvalveequipmentleakmonitoring[see65.106(b)(4)]becreatedforconnectorequipmentleakmonitoring? ` Inthissection,theAdministratorisalsospecificallyrequestingcommentsontheoveralleffectivenessoftheproposedrule.Commentersshouldprovideanyavailabledataandrationaletosupporttheircommentsoneachtopic. ` TheAdministratorspecificallyrequestscommentsonhowwelltheproposedrulemeetsthePresidentsobjectivesofruleconsolidation.ThestatedgoaloftheruleisarticulatedintheMarch16,1995WhiteHousepapersentitled,"ReinventingEnvironmentalRegulation,"asfollows:8 ` 8 ` ` EPAwillworkwithkeyindustries,beginningwiththechemicalindustry,toeliminateconflictingandoverlappingFederalaircompliancerequirements.Deletingduplicativeandconfusingrequirementswillresultinincreasedunderstandingbyindustryaboutemissionlimitsandmonitoring,recordkeepingandreportingrequirements,andwillreducecompliancecostswithnomeasurablelossofenvironmentalprotection.Subsequently,consolidationforother .P(+ mediawillbeundertaken,basedonexperiencegainedwithairrules.  x x Thesuccessesofthispilotprojectforthechemicalindustryshouldbemeasuredagainstthe10principlesforreinventingenvironmentalregulation,whichwerelistedinthePresidentsMarch16policy,asfollows:8 ` 8 ` ` 1.0 x xProtectingpublichealthandthe P  environmentareimportantnationalgoals,andindividuals,businessesandgovernmentmusttakeresponsibilityfortheimpactoftheiractions. xx 8 ` 8 ` ` 2.0 x xRegulationmustbedesignedto H achieveenvironmentalgoalsinamannerthatminimizescoststoindividuals,businesses,andotherlevelsofgovernment. xx 8 ` 8 ` ` 3.0 x xEnvironmentalregulationsmustbe  performance-based,providingmaximumflexibilityinthemeansofachievingourenvironmentalgoals,butrequiringaccountabilityfortheresults. xx 8 ` 8 ` ` 4.0 x xPreventingpollution,notjust x# controllingorcleaningitup,ispreferred. xx 8 ` 8 ` ` 5.0 x xMarketincentivesshouldbeusedto 8' # achieveenvironmentalgoals,wheneverappropriate. xx 8 ` 8 ` ` 6.0 x xEnvironmentalregulationshouldbe *$' basedonthebestscienceandeconomies,subjecttoexpertandpublicscrutiny,andgroundedinvaluesAmericansshare..P(+xx Ї8 ` 8 ` ` 7.0 x xGovernmentregulationsmustbe h understandabletothosewhoareaffectedbythem. xx 8 ` 8 ` ` 8.0 x xDecisionmakingshouldbe (  collaborative,notadversarial,anddecisionmakersmustinformandinvolvethosewhomustlivewiththedecisions. xx 8 ` 8 ` ` 9.0 x xFederal,State,tribalandlocal `  governmentsmustworkaspartnerstoachievecommonenvironmentalgoals,withnon-Federalpartnerstakingtheleadwhenappropriate. xx 8 ` 8 ` ` 10.0 x xNocitizenshouldbesubjectedto h unjustordisproportionateenvironmentalimpacts. xx  ` TheCARaddressesseveraloftheseprinciples(numbers1,2,3,6,7,8,and9).CommentsarerequestedonthefollowingtopicstoevaluatehowwelltheCARembracestheseprinciplesandtoidentifyspecificchangesthatcouldbemadetoimprovethebenefitsofconsolidation.0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  OneintentoftheCARistoprovideanend-user "  friendlystructuretoregulatoryrequirements.Wouldyouwanttoseethisstructurerepeatedinfuturerulemakings?Whatcouldhavebeendonebetter?  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  OneintentoftheCARistoupdate,clarify,and ((!$ eliminateambiguityintheregulatoryrequirements.Wasthisgoalaccomplished?Whatspecificimprovementscouldbemade?  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  OneintentoftheCARistoprovideforimproved ,p&) environmentalresultsbyclarifyingandsimplifyingthesetofregulations.Doyou .P(+ believethattheproposedrulewillimprovethelevelofcompliance?  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  OneintentoftheCARistoreducetheoverall 8  regulatorycomplianceburden.Thegoalwastoachieveburdenreductionforallparties:EPA,thestates,thepublic,andtheregulatedcommunity.Willtheproposedrulereduceburden?Whatfurtherimprovementscanbemade?  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  OneintentoftheCARistohaveasingle, `  consolidatedsetofrequirementsfortheSOCMIIndustry.Istheproposedsingleruleanimprovement?  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  OneintentoftheCARistoreducetheamountof x regulatoryinformationthatstakeholdersmustreviewtodetermineregulatoryrequirementsintheSOCMIIndustry.Hasthisgoalbeenmet?  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  OneintentoftheCARistoreducethe ( complexitiesofoverlappingregulationsamongdifferentFederalairprograms.Howwellhasthisgoalbeenmet?Whatimprovementscouldbemade?  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  OneintentoftheCARistoprovidealinearlogic p inproceedingthroughtheregulatoryrequirements;i.e.,startatthebeginningofaruleandworkyourwayasfarintotheregulationasisappropriatefortheemissionpoint.Forexample,ifasectionoftheregulationdoesnotapplytotheemissionsunittheneverythingnecessaryforachievingcomplianceshouldbeidentifiedatthatregulationlocationandwithnoneedtogodeeperintotheregulationtomakesurethatthereisnotanimbeddedrequirement(forexample,areportingrequirementlocatedneartheendofarulerelatedtoanexemptioncontainedinanearliersection).Howwellwasthisgoalmet?  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  TheCARconstitutesasubstantialre-organization +%( ofmassiveamountsofregulatoryinformation.Underlyingregulatoryintentwasintendedtoberetainedexceptwherenotedinthispreamble.Has .P(+ thereorganizationoftheinformationimpliedachangeinsubstantiverequirementsorcomplianceexpectationsthathasnotbeenexplicitlyidentified?  (# (# 0 ` ra"0 ` (#` (#  TheCARisoptionalatthechoiceoftheSOCMI   owner/operatorasanalternativecomplianceprogramforexistingrules.AretherequirementsforoptingintoCARcomplianceandoptingoutofCARcomplianceclear?  (# (# XIII.AdministrativeRequirements P   ` A.PublicHearing ` Apublichearingwillbeheld,ifrequested,toprovideopportunityforinterestedpersonstomakeoralpresentationsregardingtherequirementsintheproposedregulationinaccordancewithsection307(d)(5)oftheAct.PersonswishingtomakeoralpresentationontheproposedregulationshouldcontactEPAattheaddressgivenintheADDRESSESsectionofthispreamble.Oralpresentationswillbelimitedto15minuteseach.Anymemberofthepublicmayfileawrittenstatementbefore,during,orwithin30daysafterthehearing.WrittenstatementsshouldbeaddressedtotheAirandRadiationDocketandInformationCenterattheaddressgivenintheADDRESSESsectionofthispreambleandshouldrefertoDocketNo.A-96-01.Averbatimtranscriptofthehearingandwrittenstatementswillbeavailableforinspectionandcopyingduringnormalbusiness .P(+ hoursattheEPA'sAirandRadiationDocketandInformationCenterinWashington,DC(seeADDRESSESsectionofthepreamble). ` B.Docket ` ThedocketisanorganizedandcompletefileofalltheinformationconsideredbyEPAinthedevelopmentofthisrulemaking.Thedocketisadynamicfile,sincematerialisaddedthroughouttherulemakingdevelopment.Thedocketingsystemisintendedtoallowmembersofthepublicandindustriesinvolvedtoreadilyidentifyandlocatedocumentssothattheycaneffectivelyparticipateintherulemakingprocess. ` C.PaperworkReductionAct ` TheinformationcollectionrequirementsintheseproposedruleshavebeensubmittedforapprovaltotheOfficeofManagementandBudget(OMB)underthePaperworkReductionAct,44U.S.C.3501etseq.AnInformationCollectionRequest(ICR)documenthasbeenpreparedbytheEPA(ICRNo.1854.01)andcopiesmaybeobtainedfromSandyFarmer,OPPERegulatoryInformationDivision;U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(2137);401MStreet,S.W.;Washington,DC20460orbycalling(202)260-2740. -`'*  ` Informationisrequiredtoensurecompliancewiththeprovisionsoftheproposedrules.Iftherelevantinformationwerecollectedlessfrequently,theEPAwouldnotbereasonablyassuredthatasourceisincompliancewiththeproposedrules.Inaddition,theEPA'sauthoritytotakeadministrativeactionwouldbereducedsignificantly. ` Theproposedruleswouldrequirethatfacilityownersoroperatorsretainrecordsforaperiodofatleastfiveyears,whichexceedsthethreeyearretentionperiodcontainedintheguidelinesin5CFR1320.6.ThefiveyearretentionperiodisconsistentwiththeprovisionsoftheGeneralProvisionsof40CFRPart63,andwiththefiveyearrecordsretentionrequirementintheoperatingpermitprogramunderTitleVoftheCAA. ` AllinformationsubmittedtotheEPAforwhichaclaimofconfidentialityismadewillbesafeguardedaccordingtotheEPApoliciessetforthinTitle40,Chapter1,Part2,SubpartB,ConfidentialityofBusinessInformation.See40CFR2;41FR36902,September1,1976;amendedby43FR3999,September8,1978;43FR42251,September28,1978;and44FR17674,March23,1979.EvenwheretheEPAhas -`'* determinedthatdatareceivedinresponsetoanICRiseligibleforconfidentialtreatmentunder40CFRPart2,SubpartB,theEPAmaynonethelessdisclosetheinformationifitis"relevantinanyproceeding"underthestatute[42U.S.C.7414(C);40CFR2.301(g)].TheinformationcollectioncomplieswiththePrivacyActof1974andOfficeofManagementandBudget(OMB)Circular108. ` Informationtobereportedconsistsofemissiondataandotherinformationthatarenotofasensitivenature.Nosensitivepersonalorproprietarydataarebeingcollected. ` TheestimatedannualaveragehourburdenforCARisabout6,600hoursperrespondent.Theestimatedannualaveragecostofthisburdenisabout$255,000foreachoftheestimated100(projected)respondents. ` Reportsarerequiredonasemi-annualbasisandasrequired,asinthecaseofstartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionplans.Burdenmeansthetotaltime,effort,orfinancialresourcesexpendedbypersonstogenerate,maintain,retain,ordiscloseorprovideinformationtoorforaFederalagency.Thisincludesthetimeneededtoreviewinstructions;develop,acquire,install,andutilize -`'* technologyandsystemsforthepurposesofcollecting,validating,andverifyinginformation,processingandmaintaininginformation,anddisclosingandprovidinginformation;adjusttheexistingwaystocomplywithanypreviouslyapplicableinstructionsandrequirements;trainpersonneltobeabletorespondtoacollectionofinformation;searchdatasources;completeandreviewthecollectionofinformation;andtransmitorotherwisedisclosetheinformation. ` AnAgencymaynotconductorsponsor,andapersonisnotrequiredtorespondtoacollectionofinformationunlessitdisplaysacurrentlyvalidOMBcontrolnumber.TheOMBcontrolnumbersfortheEPA'sregulationsarelistedin40CFRpart9and48CFRChapter15. ` CommentsarerequestedontheEPA'sneedforthisinformation,theaccuracyoftheprovidedburdenestimates,andanysuggestedmethodsforminimizingrespondentburden,includingthroughtheuseofautomatedcollectiontechniques.SendcommentsontheICRstotheDirector,OPPERegulatoryInformationDivision;U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(2137);401MStreet,S.W.,Washington,DC20460;andtotheOfficeofInformationand_Regulatory -`'* Affairs,OfficeofManagementandBudget,72517thStreet,_N.W._,Washington,DC20503,marked"Attention:DeskOfficerforEPA."IncludetheICRnumberinanycorrespondence.SinceOMBisrequiredtomakeadecisionconcerningtheICR'sbetween30and60daysafter[INSERTPUBLICATIONDATE   INTHEFEDERALREGISTER],acommenttoOMBisbestassured `  ofhavingitsfulleffectifOMBreceivesitby[INSERT @  30DAYSAFTERPUBLICATIONDATEINTHEFEDERALREGISTER].   ThefinalruleswillrespondtoanyOMBorpubliccommentsontheinformationcollectionrequirementscontainedinthisproposal. ` D.ExecutiveOrder12866 ` UnderExecutiveOrder12866(58FR5173,October4,1993)theAgencymustdeterminewhethertheregulatoryactionis"significant"andthereforesubjecttoOMBreviewandtherequirementsoftheExecutiveOrder.TheOrderdefines"significantregulatoryaction"asonethatislikelytoresultinarulethatmay: ` (1)Haveanannualeffectontheeconomyof$100millionormoreoradverselyaffectinamaterialway theeconomy,asectoroftheeconomy,productivity, +%( P  d   _competition,jobs,theenvironment,publichealthorsafety,orState,localortribalgovernmentsorcommunities;  ` (2)createaseriousinconsistencyorotherwiseinterferewithanactiontakenorplannedbyanotheragency; ` (3)materiallyalterthebudgetaryimpactofentitlements,grants,userfeesorloanprogramsortherightsandobligationsofrecipientsthereof;or ` (4)raisenovellegalorpolicyissuesarisingoutoflegalmandates,thePresident'spriorities,ortheprinciplessetforthintheExecutiveOrder. ` PursuanttothetermsoftheExecutiveOrder,EPAhasdeterminedthatthisruleisa"significantregulatoryaction."Therefore,theproposedregulationpresentedinthisnoticewassubmittedtotheOMBforreviewasrequired.AnywrittencommentsfromtheOMBtoEPAandanywrittenEPAresponsetothosecommentswillbeincludedintheDocketlistedatthebeginningofthisnoticeintheADDRESSESsectionofthispreamble. ` E.RegulatoryFlexibilityAct ` TheRegulatoryFlexibilityActof1980,5U.S.C.601et P(#& seq.(RFA),generallyrequiresanagencytoconducta 0*%( regulatoryflexibilityanalysisofanyrulesubjecttonoticeandcommentrulemakingrequirementsunlesstheagency -@),o contendsthattherulewillnothaveasignificanteconomicimpactonasubstantialnumberofsmallentities.Smallentitiesincludesmallbusinesses,smallnotforprofitenterprises,andsmallgovernmentaljurisdictions.Thisproposedrulewouldnothaveasignificantimpactuponasubstantialnumberofsmallentitiesbecauseitisanoptionalcompliancemethodanddoesnotintroduceanynewrequirements.Sources,includingsmallentities,maychoosetocomplywiththeproposedruleiftheydeterminethatitwouldbebeneficialtodoso. ` Therefore,Icertifythatthisactionwillnothaveasignificanteconomicimpactonasubstantialnumberofsmallentities. ` F.UnfundedMandates ` TitleIIoftheUnfundedMandateReformActof1995(UMRA),PublicLaw104-4,establishesrequirementsforFederalagenciestoassesstheeffectsoftheirregulatoryactionsonState,local,andtribalgovernmentsandtheprivatesector.Undersection202oftheUMRA,theEPAgenerallymustprepareawrittenstatement,includingacost-benefitanalysis,fortheproposedandfinalruleswith"Federalmandates"thatmayresultinexpenditurestoState, -`'* local,andtribalgovernments,intheaggregate,ortotheprivatesector,of$100millionormoreinanyoneyear.BeforepromulgatinganEPAruleforwhichawrittenstatementisneeded,section205oftheUMRAgenerallyrequirestheEPAtoidentifyandconsiderareasonablenumberofregulatoryalternativesandadopttheleastcostly,mostcost-effective,orleastburdensomealternativethatachievestheobjectivesoftherule.Theprovisionsofsection205donotapplywhentheyareinconsistentwithapplicablelaw.Moreover,section205allowstheEPAtoadoptanalternativeotherthantheleastcostly,mostcost-effective,orleastburdensomealternativeiftheAdministratorpublisheswiththefinalruleanexplanationwhythatalternativewasnotadopted.BeforetheEPAestablishesanyregulatoryrequirementsthatmaysignificantlyoruniquelyaffectsmallgovernments,includingtribalgovernments,itmusthavedevelopedundersection203oftheUMRAasmallgovernmentagencyplan.Theplanmustprovidefornotifyingpotentiallyaffectedsmallgovernments,enablingofficialsofaffectedsmallgovernmentstohavemeaningfulandtimelyinputinthedevelopmentoftheEPAregulatoryproposalswithsignificant -`'* Federalintergovernmentalmandates,andinforming,educating,andadvisingsmallgovernmentsoncompliancewiththeregulatoryrequirements. ` TheEPAhasdeterminedthattheserulesdonotcontainaFederalmandatethatmayresultinexpendituresof$100millionormoreforState,local,andtribalgovernments,intheaggregateortheprivatesectorinanyoneyear.Thus,today'srulesarenotsubjecttotherequirementsofsections202and205oftheUMRA. ` TheEPAhasdeterminedthattheserulescontainnoregulatoryrequirementsthatmightsignificantlyoruniquelyaffectsmallgovernments.Nosmallgovernmententitieshavebeenidentifiedthathaveinvolvementwiththesesourcecategoriesand,assuch,arenotcoveredbytheregulatoryrequirementsoftheproposedregulations. ` G.EnhancingtheIntergovernmentalPartnershipUnderExecutiveOrder12875 ` IncompliancewithExecutiveOrder12875,EPAhasinvolvedStatesandlocalgovernmentsinthedevelopmentofthisrule.Stateandlocalairpollutioncontrolassociationsparticipatedintheregulatorydevelopmentandhaveprovidedregulatoryreview._ -`'*  ` H.CleanAirAct ` Inaccordancewithsection117oftheAct,publicationofthisproposalwasprecededbyconsultationwithappropriateadvisorycommittees,independentexperts,andFederaldepartmentsandagencies.Thisregulationwillbereviewed8yearsfromthedateofpromulgation.Thisreviewwillincludeanassessmentofsuchfactorsasevaluationoftheresidualhealthrisks,anyoverlapwithotherprograms,theexistenceofalternativemethods,_enforceability_,improvementsinemissioncontroltechnologyandhealthdata,andtherecordkeepingandreportingrequirements. ` I.NationalTechnologyTransferandAdvancementAct ` Undersection12oftheNationalTechnologyTransferandAdvancementActof1995,theEPAmustconsidertheuseof"voluntaryconsensusstandards,"ifavailableandapplicable,whenimplementingpoliciesandprograms,unlessitwouldbe"inconsistentwithapplicablelaworotherwiseimpractical."TheintentoftheNationalTechnologyTransferandAdvancementActistoreducethecoststotheprivateandpublicsectorsbyrequiringfederalagenciestodrawuponanyexisting,suitabletechnicalstandardsusedincommerceorindustry. -`'*  ` A"voluntaryconsensusstandard"isatechnicalstandarddevelopedoradoptedbyalegitimatestandards-developingorganization.TheActdefines"technicalstandards"as"performancebasedordesign-specifictechnicalspecificationsandrelatedmanagementsystemspractices."Alegitimatestandards-developingorganizationmustproducestandardsbyconsensusandobserveprinciplesofdueprocess,openness,andbalanceofinterests.ExamplesoforganizationsthatareregardedaslegitimatestandardsdevelopingorganizationsincludetheAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM),InternationalOrganizationforStandardization(_ISO_),International_Electrotechnical_Commission(_IEC_),AmericanPetroleumInstitute(API),NationalFireProtectionAssociation(_NFPA_)andSocietyofAutomotiveEngineers(_SAE_). ` Thetechnicalstandardsproposedwiththisnoticearestandardsthathavebeenproposedandpromulgatedunderother_rulemakings_Ԁforsimilarsourcecontrolapplicabilityandcompliancedeterminations.Sincetoday'sproposaldoes notinvolvetheestablishmentormodificationoftechnical +%( standards,therequirementsoftheNationalTechnologyTransferandAdvancementActdonotapply.  ` J.ExecutiveOrder13045 ` TheExecutiveOrder13045appliestoanyrulethatEPAdetermines(1)"economicallysignificant"asdefinedunderExecutiveorder12866,and(2)theenvironmentalhealthorsafetyriskaddressedbytherulehasadisproportionateeffectofchildren.Iftheregulatoryactionmeetsbothcriteria,theAgencymustevaluatetheenvironmenthealthorsafetyeffectsoftheplannedruleonchildren;andexplainwhytheplannedregulationispreferabletootherpotentiallyeffectiveandreasonablyfeasiblealternativesconsideredbytheAgency. ` ThisproposedruleisnotsubjecttoE.O.13045,entitled"ProtectionofChildrenfromEnvironmentalHealthRisksandSafetyRisks"(62FR19885,April23,1997),becauseitdoesnotinvolvedecisionsonenvironmentalhealthrisksorsafetyrisksthatmaydisproportionatelyaffectchildren.iii0 ` X@XXX@K.ExecutiveOrder13084:Consultationand *#&  CoordinationwithIndianTribalGovernments+%(` (#` (#  ` UnderExecutiveOrder13084,EPAmaynotissuea regulationthatisnotrequiredbystatute,thatsignificantlyoruniquelyaffectsthecommunitiesofIndiantribalgovernments,andthatimposessubstantialdirectcompliancecostsonthosecommunities,unlesstheFederalgovernmentprovidesthefundsnecessarytopaythedirectcompliancecostsincurredbythetribalgovernments.Ifthemandateisunfunded,EPAmustprovidetotheOfficeofManagementandBudget,inaseparatelyidentifiedsectionofthepreambletotherule,adescriptionoftheextentofEPAspriorconsultationwithrepresentativesofaffectedtribalgovernments,asummaryofthenatureoftheirconcerns,andastatementsupportingtheneedtoissuetheregulation.Inaddition,ExecutiveOrder13084requiresEPAtodevelopaneffectiveprocesspermittingelectedandotherrepresentativesofIndiantribalgovernments toprovidemeaningfulandtimelyinputinthedevelopmentofregulatorypoliciesonmattersthatsignificantlyoruniquelyaffecttheircommunities.#X@XXX@GH#X@XXX@ԀTodaysruledoesnotsignificantlyor ((!$ uniquelyaffectthecommunitiesofIndiantribalgovernments.Accordingly,therequirementsofsection3(b)ofExecutiveOrder13084donotapplytothisrule.#X@XXX@YM# -`'* i ` ListofSubjects h  ` 40CFRpart60 H  ` Environmentalprotection,Administrativepracticeandprocedure,Airpollutioncontrol,Chemicalmanufacturing,Intergovernmentalrelations,Volatileorganiccompounds,&  Hazardoussubstances,' NandReportingandrecordkeepingrequirements,Incorporationbyreference.&  i;i ` 40CFRpart61    ` Environmentalprotection,Administrativepracticeandprocedure,Airpollutioncontrol,Chemicalmanufacturing,'NIntergovernmentalrelations,Volatileorganiccompounds,&  Hazardoussubstances,'(OReportingandrecordkeepingrequirements,Incorporationbyreference. ` 40CFRpart63 `  ` Environmentalprotection,Administrativepracticeandprocedure,Airpollutioncontrol,Chemicalmanufacturing,Intergovernmentalrelations,Volatileorganiccompounds,&  Hazardoussubstances,'h$ QReportingandrecordkeepingrequirements,Incorporationbyreference. ` 40CFRpart65 *#& ii;ii ` Environmentalprotection,Administrativepracticeandprocedure,Airpollutioncontrol,Chemicalmanufacturing, -`'* Intergovernmentalrelations,Volatileorganiccompounds,Hazardoussubstances,Reportingandrecordkeepingrequirements,Incorporationbyreference.*_ dd dd (#(#_,dd ,dd ,dd +  ," p  0,         B5  0  @BDate[___.___] -#  - ! 8  !CarolM.Browner,Administrator3)'(  @    3