WPCU  EG5SчFm"JMD^bXźz`o0ezk &Li"Ie2],Fso{8Wz lQmnw2]ePrqR%Æ*ԁP/!i--8Ԅy xMغ?8[na5egn,N ;jRķ [6cB,}ݟD(5 +=Zs>0 W<.xj"SCuwW7mjNkSq4LkJ CU|)M6re<#4#dAkUqKwקZjϬ+ Pک(י+SԂսo\E($1RŰ6R_k_':(nGV> uz#G{-IwOXTkw dEyO!iPAcO3# UN %# 0()Qw@4%9 0lH 0D$U> bZ b"^ U> b  b B 0"N HP LaserJet IIISiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nL$(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($ XZXXX1Theothereightcategoriesare:fabricprinting,coatingand  dyeing;largeappliances;metalcan;metalcoil;metalfurniture;miscellaneousmetalparts;plasticparts;andwoodbuildingproducts.WorkonthesecategoriesbeganwithaCoatingRegulationsWorkshopforrepresentativesofEPAandinterestedstakeholdersinApril1997. DD*ereex#>?3|x((3$ !      0  (#$  0   '  )0short pic for auto project<\( 9Z &Courier Regular draft-8/27/98-A <\( 9Z &Courier Regulardraft-9/10/98-   d>$"Small Circle"0  !   XZXXX   (X XZPRELIMINARYINDUSTRYCHARACTERIZATION:# XZX (e#  `  V   (X XZAUTOMOBILEANDLIGHTDUTYTRUCKSURFACECOATING ( x # XZX (#   ӜDRAFT  U.S.ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONAGENCY  COATINGSANDCONSUMERPRODUCTSGROUP  EMISSIONSTANDARDSDIVISIONY  OFFICEOFAIRQUALITYPLANNINGANDSTANDARDS  RESEARCHTRIANGLEPARK,NORTHCAROLINA27711  SEPTEMBER1998  x! *؜ћ7lXXdXXd7   I.OverviewofFirstPhaseandNextStepsforMACTDevelopment    UnderSection112(d)oftheCleanAirAct(theAct),theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)isdevelopingnationalemissionstandardsforhazardousairpollutants(NESHAP)fortheautomobileandlightdutytrucksurfacecoatingsourcecategory.TheEPAisrequiredtopublishfinalemissionstandardsfortheautomobileandlightdutytrucksurfacecoatingsourcecategorybyNovember15,2000.Forthiscategory,anationalvolatileorganiccompound(VOC)ruleorcontroltechniquesguideline(CTG)underSection183(e)isbeingdevelopedonasimilarschedule.  TheActrequiresthattheNESHAPfornewsourcesbenolessstringentthantheemissioncontrolachievedinpracticebythebestcontrolledsimilarsource.Forexistingsources,theemissioncontrolcanbelessstringentthantheemissioncontrolfornewsources,butitmustbenolessstringentthantheaverageemissionlimitationachievedbybestperforming12percentofexistingsources(forwhichtheEPAhasemissionsinformation).TheNESHAParecommonlyknownasmaximumachievablecontroltechnology(MACT)standards.  TheMACTstandardsdevelopmentfortheautomobileandlightdutytrucksurfacecoatingcategorybeganinthesummerof1997andcontinuesasacoordinatedefforttopromoteconsistencyandjointresolutionofissuescommonacrossninecoatingsourcecategories.  #  1      ׀Foreachofthesecategories,thefirstphaseof P standardsdevelopmentisoneinwhichEPAgathersreadilyavailableinformationabouttheindustrywiththehelpofrepresentativesfromtheregulatedindustry,Stateandlocalairpollutionagencies,smallbusinessassistanceproviders,andenvironmentalgroups.Thegoalsofthefirstphaseweretoeitherfullyorpartially:2  2# "0    Understandthecoatingprocess2# > ݌@"(#(# Ќ  2  2 "0    Identifytypicalemissionpointsandtherelativeemissions  X# fromeachemissionpoint2 ݌ (#(# Ќ  2  2 "0    Identifytherange(s)ofemissionreductiontechniquesand !% theireffectiveness2 ݌ (#(# Ќ  2  2"0    Makeaninitialdeterminationonthescopeofeachcategory2݌(#x'(#(# Ќ  2  2f"0    Determinetherelationshipsandoverlapsofthecategories2f݌#@((#(# Ќ  2  2,"0    Locateasmanyfacilitiesaspossible,particularlymajor $ ) sources2,G݌ (#(# Ќ  2  2"0    Identifyandinvolverepresentativesfromeachindustry H&!+ segment2 ݌ (#(# Ќ  2  2"0    Completeinformationalsitevisits2 ݌#'(#-(#(# #Ќ  2  2"0    Identifyissuesanddataneedsanddevelopplansfor  addressingthem2݌ (#(# Ќ  2  2"0    Developquestionnaire(s)foradditionaldatagatheringand2݌@(#(# Ќ  2  2F"0    Documentresultsofthefirstphaseofregulatory X developmentforeachcategory.2Fa݌ (#(# Ќ    TheindustryrepresentativesthathaveparticipatedinthefirstphaseoftheautomobileandlightdutytruckprojectweremembersoftheAmericanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(AAMA),theAssociationofInternationalAutomobileManufacturers(AIAM),theNationalPaintandCoatingsAssociation,theChemicalManufacturersAssociationandtheInstituteforCleanAirCompanies.TheStatesthatparticipatedintheprocesswereIllinois,Louisiana,OhioandMissouri.TheWyandotteCounty,KansasHealthDepartmentalsoparticipated.TheU.S.EPAwasrepresentedbyRegionV,theOfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandards,andtheOfficeofPrevention,PesticidesandToxicSubstances.RepresentativesoftheUnitedAutoWorkersandtheEcologyCenterofAnnArboralsoparticipated.AppendixAcontainsalistofparticipants.  TheinformationsummarizedinthisdocumentmaybeusefultoStatesthatmayhavetomakecasebycaseMACTdeterminationsunderSection112(g)oftheAct.Thefirstphaseoftheregulatorydevelopmentfocusedprimarilyonpaintshopemissions.OtherHAPandVOCemittingoperationsconductedatautomobileandlightdutytruckassemblyplantsarealsobeingconsidered,totheextenttheyarenotcoveredbyothersourcecategories.Thisdocumentrepresentstheconclusionofthefirstphaseofruledevelopment.  ThisdocumentincludesabriefdescriptionoftheemissioncontroltechnologiesEPAidentifiedthatarecurrentlyusedinpracticebytheindustryandthatcouldserveasthebasisofMACT.Withintheshorttimeframeintendedforthisinitialphase,however,onlylimiteddatawerecollected.TheinformationsummarizedinthisdocumentwascollectedpriortoAugust31,1998.Additionalinformationwillbecollectedandconsideredbeforetheautomobileandlightdutytrucksurfacecoatingstandardsareproposed.  Duringthenextphase,EPAwillcontinuetobuildontheknowledgegainedtodateandproceedwithmorefocusedinvestigationanddataanalyses.Wewillalsocontinueoureffortstocoordinatecrosscuttingissues.Wewillcontinuetoidentifytechnicalandpolicyissuesthatneedtobeaddressedintherulemakingandenlistthehelpofthestakeholdersinresolvingthoseissues.  QuestionsorcommentsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtoDaveSalman(EPA/OAQPS)at9195410859orat +'2 salman.dave@epa.gov.II.SummaryofFirstPhaseofMACTDevelopment  EPAheldtworoundtablemeetingsinResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina,onSeptember16,1997,andDecember10,1997.Theissuesdiscussedatthemeetingsincludedoverlapbetweensourcecategories,emissionpoints,possibleformatsforthestandards,availabilityofinformation,mechanismforobtaininginformationfromtheautomobileindustryandfromotherstakeholders,Statepermittingpracticesandprojecttiming.AAMAandAIAMrepresentativesmetwithEPAontwootheroccasionstodiscussapproachestoinformationgathering.  EPAconductedsitevisitstothreeautomobileassemblyplantsintheDetroitarea.Theprimaryfocusofthesitevisitswaspaintshopoperations.EPAalsoobservedpaintstorageandmixing,windshieldinstallation,wastewatertreatmentandemissionscontrolsystems.  StatepermitinformationanddatafromStateagencyfileswerereviewed.OtheravailableinformationfromtheCommonSenseInitiativeAutomobileSector,thePresident'sCouncilonSustainableDevelopmentAutomobileProject,andtheEPAOfficeofComplianceSectorNotebookProjectwasalsoreviewed.III.IndustryCharacterizationBackground    Atthepresenttimethereare5060automobileandlightdutytruckassemblyplantsintheU.S.TheplantsareallmajorsourcesforHAPemissions.Someotherfacilitiesmaybewithinthescopeofthesourcecategory.Forexample,facilitiesthatcoatsetsofbodypartsfornewvehiclesatalocationseparatefromtheassemblyplant.  Someofthefacilitiesalsohaveoperationsthatwillbesubjecttostandardsbeingdevelopedforothercoatingsourcecategoriessuchasplasticpartscoatingandmiscellaneousmetalpartscoating.Atpresent,mostassemblyplantsaresubjecttolimitationsonVOCemissionsunderNewSourcePerformanceStandards,andStaterules.Performancetestandcompliancedata,permitlimitationsandcoatingcompositionsareavailablewithregardtoVOC.MuchlessinformationisavailableonanorganicHAPorcompoundspecificbasis.  Generalinformationontheautomobileindustryisavailablein,"ProfileoftheMotorVehicleAssemblyIndustry",EPA310R95009,September,1995,and"CommonSenseInitiative:AutomobileManufacturingSectorReferenceNotebook",December,1994. +'2 ЇEmissions    ThebulkofautomobileandlightdutytruckassemblyplantVOCandHAPemissionsoriginateinthepaintshop,eitherasaresultoftheevaporationofsolventsfromthecoatingsappliedorasaresultofcleaningactivitiesusingVOCandHAPcontainingmaterials.VOCandpossiblyHAPareemittedduringtheapplicationandcuringofprimer,surfacerandantichip,topcoat,andtoalesserextent,sealers,deadenersandfinal(offline)repaircoatings.  Informationonpaintshopcleaningpracticesandemissionsisavailablein"AutomobileAssemblyPlantSprayBoothCleaningEmissionReductionTechnologyReview",EPA453/R94029,March,1994.Informationonairemissionsandwastestreamsfromoneassemblyplantisavailablein"AnEnvironmentalAnalysisofthePaintShopattheOrionAssemblyCenteroftheGeneralMotorsCorporation",President'sCouncilonSustainableDevelopment,November,1994.  AsubstantialamountofVOCandHAPcontainingsolventsisusedtocleanspraybooths,grates,andapplicationequipmentwithinthepaintshop.Someemissionsalsooccurasaresultofpaintmixingandstorage.  ActivitiesatassemblyplantsoutsideofthepaintshopwhichmayresultinsomeVOCandHAPemissionsincludewastewatertreatment,windshieldinstallation,adhesivetriminstallationandfluidfill.ControlTechniques  p   EmissionsofVOCandHAPhavebeendecreasedasaresultofreformulationofcoatingsandothermaterialsused.Emissionshavealsobeenreducedthroughimprovementsintheefficiencyoftheapplicationprocesssothatlesscoatingmaterialisused.  Controldevicesusedonexhauststreamsfromspraybooths,flashoffareasandbakeovensincludeconcentratorsystemsandvarioustypesofoxidizers.Thecaptureefficiency,i.e.thefractionofVOCandHAPusedwhichisdeliveredtothecontroldeviceisthemajordeterminantofvariantmajorvariantintheoverallcontrolefficiency.PracticesvarywithintheindustrywithregardtowhichsolventladenairstreamsaredirectedtoVOCandorganicHAPcontroldevicesandwhicharenot.  (#.   Ӝ  APPENDIXA.LISTOFPARTICIPANTS2NAMEORGANIZATIONAburrano,DougEPARegionVBecker,JulieAAMABerry,JimBerryEnvironmentalButt,KevinToyotaCalcagni,JohnSAI/ICFChapell,LindaEPA/EconomicsCibula,GaryMSXCoburn,StaceyOhioEPAComai,AndyUAWHealth/SafetyCripe,DonMODNRDarling,DavidNPCADickson,WendellBASFEwing,GaryNissanFarmer,JackRTIFedorko,BobGMGearhart,JeffEcologyCenterGeil,SteveUSEPAGiroir,EricMODNRGreen,DavidRTIGriffith,CharlesEcologyCenterGupta,AjayDurrHamilton,BriggsBMWHanzel,RonnieKevricHeyob,KarenHondaHirner,StephanieWyandotteCounty,KSHopkins,PegGeomatrixHorvath,StanDuPontJones,EricMSXKafer,NatalieMitsubishiKoman,TrishEPA/CCPGLeutterbach,MarkRedSpotPaintLilly,AmyAIAMLitton,RonaldEastmanChemicalCompanyMadigan,SeanHondaMarable,BrentEPARegionVMarting,RobertLADEQMazzocco,DavePPGMolinich,StaceyRTIMoy,AllanBASFNaour,HankILEPANelson,BobNPCAPenna,DickAIAMPierre,KrisEPA/OPPTS  h)$/ NAMEORGANIZATIONPraschan,GeneAAMAReeves,KathleenUSEPARosenthal,SteveEPARegionVRoss,RhondaHowardandHowardSalman,DaveEPA/CCPGSchnepp,JasonILEPASchultz,CarlDuPontSeamon,CathieJoFordSell,JimNPCASerne,JimTRCSorrell,CandaceEPASparks,JohnEPA/OPPTSStrabbbing,PattyChryslerTebow,CherylMuntersZeolVashishta,AnnieLADEQVizzi,TaraAIAMVoss,GregHondaWax,MichaelICACWehrum,BillSwidler-BerlinWells,BobVersar,Inc.Williamson,MaresaBMWZysman,BernieOccidentalChemical